query stringlengths 144 4.4k | system stringclasses 1
value | positive listlengths 1 1 | negative listlengths 5 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
Passage: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with worse long-term pulmonary disease and shorter survival, and chronic Pa infection (CPA) is associated with reduced lung function, faster rate of lung decline, increased rates of exacerbations and shorter survival. By using... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Recurrent pneumonia"
] | [
"abnormal cd4+ t cell subsets (abnormal cd4+ t cell subset proportion)",
"cystic lung lesion (pulmonary sequestration)",
"mitochondrial pcc defect (mitochondrial propionyl-coa carboxylase defect)",
"respiratory complex deficiency, atpase deficiency (decreased activity of mitochondrial atp synthase complex)",
... |
Passage: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with worse long-term pulmonary disease and shorter survival, and chronic Pa infection (CPA) is associated with reduced lung function, faster rate of lung decline, increased rates of exacerbations and shorter survival. By using... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Abnormal lung morphology"
] | [
"abnormal mucociliary clearance (abnormal mucociliary transport)",
"abnormal cellular composition of bronchoalveolar fluid (abnormal cell differential of broncho-alveolar fluid)",
"intraalveolar phospholipid accumulation (detection of pas-positive extracellular material in broncho-alveolar lavage)",
"suscepti... |
Passage: Recent advances in drug delivery and sensing devices for in situ applications are limited by the diffusion -limiting foreign body response of fibrous encapsulation. In this study, we fabricated prevascularized synthetic device ports to help mitigate this limitation. Membranes with rectilinear arrays of square ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Overgrowth"
] | [
"podocyte cap (visceral epithelial cell capping)",
"renal arteriole intimal/medial onion skinning (renal arteriole intimal/medial multilamellation)",
"2 vessel umbilical cord (single umbilical artery)",
"glomerular endotheliosis",
"sua (single umbilical artery) (single umbilical artery)"
] |
Passage: The flexion - relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in standing is a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for low back pain. Seated flexion as an alternative could be beneficial for certain populations, yet the behavior of the trunk extensors during seated maximum flexion compared to standing flexion remains unclear. ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Back pain"
] | [
"knee flexion deformity (knee flexion contracture)",
"positive hook test at the elbow (positive distal biceps hook test)",
"flattened vertebral bodies (platyspondyly)",
"flexion deformity of the knee (knee flexion contracture)",
"elbow limited extension (limited elbow extension)"
] |
Passage: The flexion - relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in standing is a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for low back pain. Seated flexion as an alternative could be beneficial for certain populations, yet the behavior of the trunk extensors during seated maximum flexion compared to standing flexion remains unclear. ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Low back pain"
] | [
"spastic lower extremities (lower limb spasticity)",
"extensor plantar response (babinski sign)",
"platyspondyly (flattened vertebral bodies)",
"limited extension at elbows (limited elbow extension)",
"lost deep tendon reflexes (areflexia)"
] |
Passage: Since 9/11, military service in the United States has been characterized by wartime deployments and reintegration challenges that contribute to a context of stress for military families. Research indicates the negative impact of wartime deployment on the well being of service members, military spouses, and chi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Anxiety"
] | [
"recent temporal region trauma",
"increased emotional instability (irritability)",
"abnormality in emotional social interactions (abnormal social emotional interactions)",
"exposure during pregnancy (pregnancy exposure)",
"easily upset (irritability)"
] |
Passage: Since 9/11, military service in the United States has been characterized by wartime deployments and reintegration challenges that contribute to a context of stress for military families. Research indicates the negative impact of wartime deployment on the well being of service members, military spouses, and chi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Posttraumatic stress symptom"
] | [
"triggered by startle (triggered by excitement)",
"depression of metopic cranial suture (metopic depression)",
"fetal tetracycline exposure (tetracycline exposure during gestation)",
"foetal medication or drug exposure (fetal exposure history)",
"hot-temper (irritability)"
] |
Passage: Posteroseptal accessory pathways may be associated with a coronary sinus (CS) diverticulum. Our purpose was to describe the clinical characteristics, mapping and ablation of these pathways. This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways in a single cen... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Atrial fibrillation"
] | [
"supraventricular tachycardia with a manifest accessory pathway on the right free wall",
"partial atrioventricular septal defect (partial atrioventricular canal defect)",
"supraventricular tachycardia with a concealed accessory pathway on the right free wall",
"coronary cameral fistula to right ventricle",
... |
Passage: Posteroseptal accessory pathways may be associated with a coronary sinus (CS) diverticulum. Our purpose was to describe the clinical characteristics, mapping and ablation of these pathways. This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways in a single cen... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Coronary sinus diverticulum"
] | [
"partial avc defect (partial atrioventricular canal defect)",
"atrial situs ambiguus (atrial situs ambiguous)",
"atrial septal defect (an opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart)",
"abnormality of the atrioventricular valves (abnormal atrioventricular valve morphology)",
"double out... |
Passage: Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Parathyroid carcinoma"
] | [
"abnormality of the epiphyses of the fingers (abnormal hand epiphysis morphology)",
"eccrine syringofibroadenoma (eccrine syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia)",
"abnormal parietal bone morphology (abnormality of the parietal bone of skull)",
"phenotypic abnormality (organ abnormality)",
"renal dysplasia (dy... |
Passage: Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm of the parathyroid gland"
] | [
"endocrine-type tubular atrophy (endocrinization pattern of tubular atrophy)",
"embryonal tumors (embryonal neoplasm)",
"parathyroid issue (abnormality of the parathyroid physiology)",
"ectopic thyroid gland (ectopic thyroid)",
"abnormal hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase level (abnormal 6-hydro... |
Passage: Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Parathyroid adenoma"
] | [
"abnormal vertebral epiphysis morphology (abnormal shape of the end part of the vertebra bone)",
"abnormal thyroid location (ectopic thyroid)",
"skin adnexal neoplasm (skin appendage neoplasm)",
"atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor",
"skin adnexal tumor (skin appendage neoplasm)"
] |
Passage: Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hyperparathyroidism"
] | [
"abnormal gprt level (abnormal hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase level)",
"skin appendage neoplasm (skin adnexal neoplasm)",
"inactivating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor defect (inactivating tshr defect)",
"abnormality of dna repair",
"increased chromosomal breakage (chromosome breakage)"... |
Passage: Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm"
] | [
"gastrointestinal hamartoma (hamartomatous polyposis)",
"aberrant thyroid (ectopic thyroid)",
"pseudoautosomal dominant inheritance (monoallelic_par)",
"pierre robin sequence (pierre-robin sequence)",
"inactivating tshr defect (inactivating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor defect)"
] |
Passage: Sagittal spinopelvic malalignment has been reported in spinal disorders such as low back pain (LBP), and restoration of normal alignment is targeted when treating these disorders. Abnormal sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment has been reported in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis (OA), who have a high ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hip osteoarthritis"
] | [
"freezing of the temporomandibular joint (temporomandibular joint ankylosis)",
"anterior wedging of l2",
"flattened vertebral bodies (platyspondyly)",
"excessive femoral anteversion (increased femoral anteversion)",
"posterior scalloping of vertebral bodies (posterior vertebral body scalloping)"
] |
Passage: Sagittal spinopelvic malalignment has been reported in spinal disorders such as low back pain (LBP), and restoration of normal alignment is targeted when treating these disorders. Abnormal sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment has been reported in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis (OA), who have a high ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Low back pain"
] | [
"lunate-triquetral fusion (lunotriquetral synostosis)",
"spinal dysplasia",
"atlanto-axial subluxation (atlantoaxial dislocation)",
"fused cervical vertebrae (fusion of cervical vertebrae)",
"spinal instability"
] |
Passage: Sagittal spinopelvic malalignment has been reported in spinal disorders such as low back pain (LBP), and restoration of normal alignment is targeted when treating these disorders. Abnormal sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment has been reported in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis (OA), who have a high ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Myelopathy"
] | [
"synostosis of shoulder joint (scapulohumeral synostosis)",
"spondylolithesis (spondylolisthesis)",
"hip osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis of hip)",
"facet joint arthrosis (facet arthritis)",
"fused cervical vertebrae (fusion of cervical vertebrae)"
] |
Passage: defining discordance varied between ≥0.5 cm (n = 2 studies) to ≥3 cm (n = 5 studies); the weighted mean value was 2.7 cm. The pooled percentage of patients with discordance was 43% (95% confidence interval 36%-51%; range 25%-76%). PGA was usually higher than PhGA. The drivers of PGA were pain and functional i... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Pain"
] | [
"dysmetric eye saccades (dysmetric saccades)",
"retarded mental development (global developmental delay)",
"delayed milestones (global developmental delay)",
"upper limb asymmetry (unequal size of arms)",
"discordant atrioventricular connection (discordant atrioventricular connexion)"
] |
Passage: defining discordance varied between ≥0.5 cm (n = 2 studies) to ≥3 cm (n = 5 studies); the weighted mean value was 2.7 cm. The pooled percentage of patients with discordance was 43% (95% confidence interval 36%-51%; range 25%-76%). PGA was usually higher than PhGA. The drivers of PGA were pain and functional i... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Rheumatoid arthritis"
] | [
"abnormality of alkaline phosphatase activity (abnormality of alkaline phosphatase level)",
"unequal size of arms (upper limb asymmetry)",
"incoordination of limb movements (incoordination)",
"increased circulating guanidinoacetic acid concentration (elevated circulating guanidinoacetic acid concentration)",
... |
Passage: Adopting a unique Spanish perspective, this study aims to assess healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and the costs of treating nosocomial pneumonia (NP) produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized adults using linezolid or vancomycin. An evaluation is also made of the rena... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Pneumonia"
] | [
"reduced ratio of renal calcium clearance to creatinine clearance (reduced ration of kidney calcium clearance to creatinine clearance)",
"neonatal sepsis",
"end stage renal disease (stage 5 chronic kidney disease)",
"chronic renal failure (stage 5 chronic kidney disease)",
"reduced circulating aspartate ami... |
Passage: Adopting a unique Spanish perspective, this study aims to assess healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and the costs of treating nosocomial pneumonia (NP) produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized adults using linezolid or vancomycin. An evaluation is also made of the rena... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Renal insufficiency"
] | [
"renal arteriole intima/media liquefactive necrosis (liquefactive necrosis of the renal arteriolar intima/media)",
"pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)",
"resistance to activated protein c (activated protein c resistance)",
"reversible renal failure (reversible kidney failure)",
... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Cutaneous mastocytosis"
] | [
"reduced epidermal extracellular matrix protein 1 protein expression (reduced epidermal ecm1 protein expression)",
"drug-induced anaphylaxis (drug induced anaphylaxis)",
"house dust mite allergy (dust mite allergy)",
"decreased cd4+ t cell zap-70 protein expression (decreased t-cell zap-70 protein expression ... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Erythema"
] | [
"abnormal cd8+ t cell subsets (abnormal cd8+ t cell subset proportion)",
"decreased reactivity to skin test antigens (reduced delayed hypersensitivity)",
"transient myeloproliferative disorder (transient myeloproliferative syndrome)",
"venom allergy (immunoglobulin e-mediated venom allergy)",
"abnormal majo... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hypotension"
] | [
"deficiency of delayed skin hypersensitivity (reduced delayed hypersensitivity)",
"high blood eosinophil count (increased total eosinophil count)",
"increased total eosinophil count (high blood eosinophil count)",
"pathogen-specific cd8 cytoxicity defect (impaired pathogen-specific cd8 cytoxicity)",
"allerg... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Arthritis"
] | [
"monoclonal elevation of intact igg",
"decreased cd69 upregulation upon tcr activation",
"allergic reaction to foods (food allergy)",
"ige-mediated animal dander allergy (animal dander allergy)",
"ige-mediated plant product allergy (plant product allergy)"
] |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Pruritus"
] | [
"abnormal major histocompatibility complex class ii surface expression (abnormal mhc ii cell surface expression)",
"abnormal cd25 upregulation upon tcr activation",
"high blood eosinophil count (increased total eosinophil count)",
"transient leukaemia of down syndrome (transient myeloproliferative syndrome)",... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Abdominal cramps"
] | [
"elevated circulating 3-methylhistidine concentration",
"food intolerance (non-allergic food hypersensitivity)",
"immunoglobulin e-mediated dust mite allergy (dust mite allergy)",
"gmcsf high in blood (elevated circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration)",
"increased lymph-no... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Drug allergy"
] | [
"abnormal cd8+ t cell subsets (abnormal cd8+ t cell subset proportion)",
"eosinophilic infiltration in the colon (colonic eosinophilia)",
"reduced tissue medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase activity (reduced medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase activity in cultured fibroblasts)",
"waldenstrom macroglobulinemia... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Myeloproliferative disorder"
] | [
"increased total eosinophil count (high blood eosinophil count)",
"ige-mediated plant based food allergen allergy (plant based food allergy)",
"reduced epidermal ecm1 protein expression (reduced epidermal extracellular matrix protein 1 protein expression)",
"histiocytosis, mucinous (mucinous histiocytosis)",
... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Allergy"
] | [
"monoclonal elevation of intact igg",
"cutaneous anergy (lack of delayed skin hypersensitivity reaction)",
"decreased reactivity to skin test antigens (reduced delayed hypersensitivity)",
"decreased pma/ionomycin-induced t-cell proliferation (decreased proliferation in response to pma/ionomycin)",
"elevated... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Bone pain"
] | [
"gi eosinophilia (gastrointestinal eosinophilia)",
"immunoglobulin e-mediated venom allergy (venom allergy)",
"transient leukaemia of down syndrome (transient myeloproliferative syndrome)",
"abnormal cd25 upregulation upon tcr activation",
"decreased cd25 upregulation upon tcr activation (reduced il2ra upre... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Anaphylactic shock"
] | [
"increased total eosinophil count (high blood eosinophil count)",
"transient leukemia of down syndrome (transient myeloproliferative syndrome)",
"abnormality of mast cells (abnormal mast cell morphology)",
"drug induced anaphylaxis (drug-induced anaphylaxis)",
"eosinophilic fasciitis"
] |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Mastocytosis"
] | [
"abnormal cd8+ t cell subset proportion (abnormal cd8+ t cell subsets)",
"eosinophilic infiltration in the stomach mucosa (eosinophilic gastritis)",
"plant product allergy (immunoglobulin e-mediated plant product allergy)",
"increased total eosinophil count (high blood eosinophil count)",
"eosinophilic ente... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Shock"
] | [
"anti-gm-csf antibody positivity (anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody positivity)",
"gi eosinophilia (gastrointestinal eosinophilia)",
"polyclonal elevation of igm",
"impaired cytokine signaling (impaired cytokine signalling)",
"mucinous histiocytosis (histiocytosis, mucinous)"
] |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Diarrhea"
] | [
"impaired delayed hypersensitivity (reduced delayed hypersensitivity)",
"elevated circulating membrane cofactor protein concentration (elevated circulating cd46 concentration)",
"immunoglobulin e-mediated animal dander allergy (animal dander allergy)",
"ige-mediated plant based food allergen allergy (plant ba... |
Passage: Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from th... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Headache"
] | [
"allergy to nut food products (nut food product allergy)",
"elevated 6-hydroxypurine phosphoribosyltransferase level (elevated hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase level)",
"abnormal major histocompatibility complex class ii surface expression (abnormal mhc ii cell surface expression)",
"elevated ci... |
Passage: Oral dexamethasone demonstrates bioavailability similar to that of oral prednisone but has a longer half-life. We evaluate whether a single dose of oral dexamethasone plus 4 days of placebo is not inferior to 5 days of oral prednisone in treatment of adults with mild to moderate asthma exacerbations to prevent... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Asthma"
] | [
"increased circulating interleukin 10 concentration (increased serum interleukin 10)",
"favourable response to levodopa (parkinsonism with favorable response to dopaminergic medication)",
"increased circulating dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentration",
"low tetrahydrocortisol (thf) plus 5-alpha-thf/tetra... |
Passage: Relationship has been identified in sporadic reports between polymorphisms and hypercholesterolemia. However, the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and polymorphism of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene in hypercholesterolemia is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship and si... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hypercholesterolemia"
] | [
"elevated circulating interleukin 1 receptor antagonist concentration",
"decreased ldl (decreased ldl cholesterol concentration)",
"high blood hdl level (increased hdl cholesterol concentration)",
"decreased circulating chylomicron levels (decreased circulating chylomicron concentration)",
"increased circul... |
Passage: HERG1 potassium channel plays a critical role in the cell proliferation. HERG1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 62 patients with oral leukoplakias and 100 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). HERG1 mRNA levels were assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polym... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Oral leukoplakia"
] | [
"spider veins of the oral cavity (oral cavity telangiectasia)",
"abnormal oral mucosa morphology (abnormality of oral mucous membrane)",
"esophageal squamous papilloma",
"pulmonary carcinoid tumour (pulmonary carcinoid tumor)",
"head and neck cancer (neoplasm of head and neck)"
] |
Passage: HERG1 potassium channel plays a critical role in the cell proliferation. HERG1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 62 patients with oral leukoplakias and 100 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). HERG1 mRNA levels were assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polym... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm"
] | [
"tumor signet ring cell",
"pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas)",
"cervical neoplasm",
"verrucous cell carcinoma of the tongue",
"epithelial neoplasm"
] |
Passage: The predictors of malignancy are important for the decision of appropriate management in nodules with atypia of undetermined significance / follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS / FLUS). Our aim was to determine the ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical predictors of malignancy in these p... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Papillary thyroid carcinoma"
] | [
"hypoechoic breast mass (hypoechoic breast nodule)",
"bump on the hand (hand mass)",
"focal nodular hyperplasia (hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia)",
"histopathological abnormality",
"aplasia/hypoplasia of the thyroid gland"
] |
Passage: The predictors of malignancy are important for the decision of appropriate management in nodules with atypia of undetermined significance / follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS / FLUS). Our aim was to determine the ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical predictors of malignancy in these p... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Thyroid nodule"
] | [
"typical perifissural nodule",
"nodule below the skin (subcutaneous nodule)",
"hand mass (lump on the hand)",
"neoplasia of the breast (neoplasm of the breast)",
"euthyroid multinodular goiter (euthyroid multinodular goitre)"
] |
Passage: The predictors of malignancy are important for the decision of appropriate management in nodules with atypia of undetermined significance / follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS / FLUS). Our aim was to determine the ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical predictors of malignancy in these p... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hashimoto thyroiditis"
] | [
"ovarian mucinous tumour (ovarian mucinous tumor)",
"nodular-centrilobular with tree-in-bud pattern on pulmonary hrct",
"hepatocellular adenoma (liver cell adenoma)",
"nodular melanoma",
"lung carcinoid tumor (pulmonary carcinoid tumor)"
] |
Passage: Bone loss at peripheral sites in the elderly is mainly cortical and involves increased cortical porosity. However, an association between bone loss at these sites and 25-hydroxyvitamin D has not been reported. To investigate the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone microstructure and a... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Decreased circulating vitamin D concentration"
] | [
"sclerosis of the proximal phalanges of the hand (sclerosis of proximal phalanx of finger)",
"uneven increase in bone density (patchy osteosclerosis)",
"ivory epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 2nd toe (increased bone density of end part of the outermost bone of the 2nd toe)",
"increased bone density (inc... |
Passage: Bone loss at peripheral sites in the elderly is mainly cortical and involves increased cortical porosity. However, an association between bone loss at these sites and 25-hydroxyvitamin D has not been reported. To investigate the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone microstructure and a... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Osteopenia"
] | [
"increased bone density of end part of the outermost bone of the 3rd toe (ivory epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 3rd toe)",
"sclerosis of 5th toe phalanx (sclerosis of the phalanges of the 5th toe)",
"increased bone density in 2nd toe bone (sclerosis of 2nd toe phalanx)",
"compact spinal bone (increased... |
Passage: Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10-20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the nee... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Corneal scarring"
] | [
"alternating esotropia (alternating cross eyes)",
"ribbonlike corneal degeneration",
"keratoconjunctivitis",
"anterior synechiae (anterior synechiae of the anterior chamber)",
"decreased blink reflex (decreased corneal reflex)"
] |
Passage: Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10-20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the nee... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Irregular astigmatism"
] | [
"prominent corneal nerve fibers (peripheral myelinating corneal nerve fibers)",
"corneal astigmatism",
"corneal stromal oedema (corneal stromal edema)",
"cicatrizating conjunctivitis (conjunctival cicatrization)",
"increased corneal thickness"
] |
Passage: Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10-20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the nee... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Keratoconus"
] | [
"pulverulent nuclear cataract (nuclear pulverulent cataract)",
"coronary cataract",
"biber haab dimmer dystrophy (lattice corneal dystrophy)",
"choroidal neovascularization (choroidal neovascular membrane)",
"nodular corneal dystrophy"
] |
Passage: Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10-20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the nee... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Visual impairment"
] | [
"choroidal neovascular membrane (choroidal neovascularization)",
"corneal endothelial guttata (corneal guttata)",
"recurrent corneal ulceration (recurrent corneal erosions)",
"scarring or clouding of the cornea of the eye (corneal opacity)",
"anterior megalophthalmos (megalocornea)"
] |
Passage: Suicide is unfortunately common in psychiatric practice, but difficult to predict. The present study sought to assess which clinical symptoms increase in the months before suicidal behavior in a sample of psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder. Data from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Anxiety"
] | [
"disinhibition (impulse control disorders)",
"stimulant addiction (addictive stimulant use)",
"focal emotional seizure (partial emotional seizure)",
"heightened emotional reactivity (irritability)",
"suicidality (suicidal ideation)"
] |
Passage: Suicide is unfortunately common in psychiatric practice, but difficult to predict. The present study sought to assess which clinical symptoms increase in the months before suicidal behavior in a sample of psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder. Data from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Bipolar affective disorder"
] | [
"irritability (increased emotional sensitivity)",
"focal aware emotional seizure with paranoia",
"obsessive-compulsive trait (obsessive-compulsive traits)",
"triggered by monoamine oxidase inhibitor (mao inhibitors trigger attacks)",
"hypokinetic seizure (focal behavior arrest seizure)"
] |
Passage: Suicide is unfortunately common in psychiatric practice, but difficult to predict. The present study sought to assess which clinical symptoms increase in the months before suicidal behavior in a sample of psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder. Data from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Suicidal ideation"
] | [
"localised seizure with behavioural arrest (focal behavior arrest seizure)",
"substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron loss (melanin reduced in substantia nigra)",
"extreme hedonic state (euphoria)",
"pr interval depression (pr segment depression)",
"obsessive-compulsive behaviour (compulsive behaviors)"
] |
Passage: Reconstructive arm/hand surgery for tetraplegia is performed to improve arm/hand function and therefore personal well-being for individuals who accept such elective surgeries. However, changes at an impairment level do not always translate into functional or quality of life changes. Therefore, multiple outcome... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Tetraplegia"
] | [
"valgus instability of the elbow",
"bilateral wrist flexion contracture (bilateral wrist contracture)",
"positive o'driscoll hook test (positive hook test at the elbow)",
"decreased elbow mobility (limited elbow movement)",
"split hand (ectrodactyly of the hand)"
] |
Passage: Difficulties in kneeling, one of the poorest scoring functional outcomes post total knee arthroplasty (TKA),have been attributed to a lack of patient education. This is the first study to investigate specific factors affecting a patient's perceived ability to kneel post TKA, following exposure to a preoperativ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Pain"
] | [
"ankle weakness",
"bowed tibia (tibial bowing)",
"knee contractures (knee contracture)",
"absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes (reduced tendon reflexes)",
"foot, talipes equinovarus (talipes equinovarus)"
] |
Passage: Cardiac catheterization in anticoagulated patients is usually performed after the anticoagulation has been withdrawn, at least in the previous 48h, and sometimes bridging therapy with heparin is used. A prospective observational study including 489 patients undergoing transradial catheterization was conducted.... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Atrial fibrillation"
] | [
"aortic annulus calcification (aortic annular calcification)",
"cortical radial artery intraluminal organized thrombi (organised thrombi within interlobular arterial lumen)",
"organised thrombi within arcuate vein lumen (arcuate vein lumen organized thrombi)",
"cortical radial artery intima/media multilamella... |
Passage: There is no consensus regarding a protective effect on mortality due to a cause other than cancer in patients treated with elective nephron sparing surgery relative to their radical nephrectomy counterparts. We test whether the protective effect of nephron sparing surgery relative to radical nephrectomy is uni... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Renal cell carcinoma"
] | [
"loss of corticomedullary differentiation (absence of renal corticomedullary differentiation)",
"mortality/aging",
"renal necrosis (renal parenchymal necrosis)",
"lymph node necrosis (necrosis in lymph node)",
"kidney fibrosis (renal fibrosis)"
] |
Passage: There is no consensus regarding a protective effect on mortality due to a cause other than cancer in patients treated with elective nephron sparing surgery relative to their radical nephrectomy counterparts. We test whether the protective effect of nephron sparing surgery relative to radical nephrectomy is uni... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Chronic kidney disease"
] | [
"hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma)",
"abnormality of the nephron (abnormal nephron morphology)",
"renal tubular cell atrophy (renal tubular atrophy)",
"renal arteriole intima/media coagulative necrosis",
"stage 5 chronic kidney disease (renal failure, endstage)"
] |
Passage: There is no consensus regarding a protective effect on mortality due to a cause other than cancer in patients treated with elective nephron sparing surgery relative to their radical nephrectomy counterparts. We test whether the protective effect of nephron sparing surgery relative to radical nephrectomy is uni... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm"
] | [
"multidrug-resistant nephrotic syndrome",
"malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney (rhabdoid tumor of the kidney)",
"renal tubular necrosis (renal tubular epithelial necrosis)",
"renal failure, progressive (chronic kidney disease)",
"unilateral renal atrophy (kidney degeneration on one side)"
] |
Passage: Allergen specific immunotherapy has been shown to be the only effective treatment for long-lasting clinical benefit to IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but a fewer than 5% of patients choose the treatment because of inconvenience and a high risk of anaphylaxis. Recently, epicutaneous allergen-specific immunothe... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Anaphylactic shock"
] | [
"impaired epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation",
"increased anti-house dust mite ige antibody level (increased level of anti-house dust ige antibody)",
"increased level of anti-dust mite ige antibody (increased anti-dust mite ige antibody level)",
"ameliorated by immunosuppresion (immunosupressive therapy... |
Passage: Allergen specific immunotherapy has been shown to be the only effective treatment for long-lasting clinical benefit to IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but a fewer than 5% of patients choose the treatment because of inconvenience and a high risk of anaphylaxis. Recently, epicutaneous allergen-specific immunothe... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Airway hyperresponsiveness"
] | [
"non-pruritic urticaria (non-itchy hives)",
"meat allergy (meat allergen allergy)",
"immunoglobulin e-mediated meat allergen allergy (meat allergen allergy)",
"sun sensitivity (cutaneous photosensitivity)",
"immunoglobulin e-mediated plant based food allergen allergy (plant based food allergy)"
] |
Passage: Schizophrenia is a severe disorder that often causes impairments in major areas of functioning, and most patients do not achieve expected real - world functional milestones. The aim of this study was to identify which variables of demography, illness activity, and functional capacity predict patients ' ability... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Schizophrenia"
] | [
"impaired ability to form peer relationships (reduced ability to form peer relationships)",
"profound feelings of unhappiness (pathological sadness)",
"impaired self-restraint (reduced impulse control)",
"delayed ability to walk with support (delayed ability to cruise)",
"diminished motivation (abnormal dim... |
Passage: Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. So, with their ability to affect lipid levels, the LDLR, ApoB and ApoE polymorphisms could be one of the factors influencing development of atherosclerosis. This hypothesis has been tested in different populations with conflicting ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis"
] | [
"glomerular lipoprotein thrombus",
"transient hyperlipidemia",
"decreased apolipoprotein ai level (decreased circulating apolipoprotein a-i concentration)",
"abnormal cholesterol homeostasis (abnormal circulating cholesterol concentration)",
"decreased hdl cholesterol concentration (decreased circulating hi... |
Passage: Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. So, with their ability to affect lipid levels, the LDLR, ApoB and ApoE polymorphisms could be one of the factors influencing development of atherosclerosis. This hypothesis has been tested in different populations with conflicting ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Atherosclerosis"
] | [
"elevated blood c3dc level (elevated circulating malonyl carnitine concentration)",
"elevated circulating linoleylcarnitine concentration (elevated circulating c18:2 acylcarnitine concentration)",
"decreased lipoprotein lipase level (decreased circulating lipoprotein lipase concentration)",
"elevated apoa-ii ... |
Passage: Limited mandibular movements are one of the most important signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and may cause functional difficulties. The purpose of this double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of treatment with only educational or education associated with self-care therapie... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Trismus"
] | [
"failure of development of the condylar process of mandible (mandibular condyle aplasia)",
"decreased spontaneous movement (hypokinesia)",
"absence of permanent mandibular central incisor (agenesis of permanent mandibular central incisor)",
"dysmetria (lack of coordination of movement)",
"reduced tissue bet... |
Passage: Limited mandibular movements are one of the most important signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and may cause functional difficulties. The purpose of this double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of treatment with only educational or education associated with self-care therapie... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Chronic pain"
] | [
"limited neck mobility (limitation of neck motion)",
"deviation of lower jaw (asymmetry of the mandible)",
"absent mandible (mandibular aplasia)",
"diastema of the teeth (diastema)",
"repetitive behavior (motor stereotypy)"
] |
Passage: To compare histologically transected fila from pediatric patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS), with and without a low conus, with controls, focusing on collagenous and elastic tissue. Thirty fila from patients with TCS, including 5 where minimal cautery was used prior to filum section, were compared with... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Tethered cord"
] | [
"abnormality of sharpey fibers (abnormal sharpey fiber morphology)",
"tortuous retinal vessels (retinal vascular tortuosity)",
"persistent tunica vasculosa lentis (remnants of the hyaloid vascular system)",
"remnants of the hyaloid vascular system (persistent posterior foetal fibrovascular sheath of the lens)... |
Passage: While surgical resection remains the standard of care in the treatment of upper urinary tract malignancies, nephrectomy is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine whether histologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney could enable early identifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Nephropathy"
] | [
"hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma)",
"polycystic kidney disease (polycystic kidney dysplasia)",
"end-stage renal disease (stage 5 chronic kidney disease)",
"renal functional abnormality (abnormal renal physiology)",
"kidney angiomyolipoma (renal angiomyolipoma)"
] |
Passage: While surgical resection remains the standard of care in the treatment of upper urinary tract malignancies, nephrectomy is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine whether histologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney could enable early identifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Acute kidney injury"
] | [
"angiomyolipoma (renal angiomyolipoma)",
"renal adysplasia (renal dysplasia)",
"mesangial abnormality (abnormal glomerular mesangium morphology)",
"renal tubular karyomegaly",
"renal interstitial necrotizing granulomas (renal interstitial necrotizing granulomata)"
] |
Passage: While surgical resection remains the standard of care in the treatment of upper urinary tract malignancies, nephrectomy is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine whether histologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney could enable early identifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Chronic kidney disease"
] | [
"obliterative abnormality of the renal glomerulus",
"neoplasia of the urethra (neoplasm of the urethra)",
"neoplasm of the ureter (neoplasia of the ureters)",
"renal fibrosis (kidney fibrosis)",
"abnormal renal artery morphology (abnormality of the renal artery)"
] |
Passage: Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Abnormality of the cardiovascular system"
] | [
"decreased apolipoprotein level (decreased circulating apolipoprotein concentration)",
"nonocclusive coronary artery atherosclerosis (non-occlusive coronary artery stenosis)",
"hip osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis of hip)",
"decreased apolipoprotein ai level (decreased circulating apolipoprotein a-i concentrati... |
Passage: Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Bone fracture"
] | [
"nonocclusive coronary artery stenosis (nonocclusive coronary artery atherosclerosis)",
"accelerated skeletal maturation (premature fusion of the epiphyseal growth plate)",
"generalized osteoporosis (generalized osteoporosis with pathologic fractures)",
"diaphyseal sclerosis (increased bone density in shaft o... |
Passage: Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Osteopenia"
] | [
"multiple spontaneous fractures (recurrent fractures)",
"ivory epiphyses of the metacarpals (increased bone density of end part of the long bone of hands)",
"increased bone density of forearm bones (sclerotic forearm bones)",
"increased fractures (recurrent fractures)",
"concrete spinal bone (increased spin... |
Passage: Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Increased reactive oxygen species production"
] | [
"osteoporosis of vertebrae",
"osteoarthritis of hip (hip osteoarthritis)",
"reduced heme oxygenase activity",
"legg-calve-perthes syndrome (avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis)",
"decreased level of coenzyme q10 in skeletal muscle"
] |
Passage: Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modifi... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm"
] | [
"sclerosis of humerus (humeral sclerosis)",
"reduced phytanic acid oxidase activity in cultured fibroblasts (decreased phytanoyl-coa hydroxylase activity)",
"aseptic bone necrosis (avascular necrosis)",
"wide femoral neck (broad femoral neck)",
"legg-perthes disease (avascular necrosis of the capital femora... |
Passage: MiR-211 has strong inhibitive effects on melanoma cell growth, invasion and metastasis. However, how it is downregulated and whether other genes are involved its downstream regulation in melanoma are not clear. In this study, we firstly verified the expression of miR-211 in melanoma cell lines and observed tha... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Melanoma"
] | [
"abnormal proportion of double-negative regulatory t cell (abnormal double-negative t cell proportion)",
"reduced epidermal keratin 10 protein expression",
"cancer of skin pigment cells (melanoma)",
"reduced malonyl-coa decarboxylase activity in cultured fibroblasts",
"reduced medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrog... |
Passage: SNAI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, plays an important role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. However, the possible functions of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not been clearly identified. In this study, we investig... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Hepatocellular carcinoma"
] | [
"malignant rhabdoid tumor of liver",
"prolonged g2 phase of cell cycle",
"accumulation of lipid droplets in small-bowel enterocytes",
"scot activity low in fibroblasts (decreased succinyl-coa 3-ketoacid coa transferase activity)",
"gi tract tumour (neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract)"
] |
Passage: SNAI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, plays an important role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. However, the possible functions of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not been clearly identified. In this study, we investig... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Neoplasm"
] | [
"bone marrow maturation arrest (haematopoietic maturation arrest)",
"bcl2 expression",
"anal intraepithelial neoplasia",
"embryonal tumors (embryonal neoplasm)",
"renal tubular epithelial cell sloughing"
] |
Passage: Effectiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments is commonly evaluated with coprimary outcomes; cognition with function to ensure clinical meaningfulness of a cognitive effect. We reviewed the literature for functional outcomes in mild AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients (distinct from combined ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Alzheimer disease"
] | [
"degeneration of the hippocampus (hippocampal atrophy)",
"mental retardation, moderate (moderate intellectual disability)",
"generalized brain degeneration (global brain atrophy)",
"cognitive abnormality (cognitive impairment)",
"atrophy of the hippocampus (hippocampal atrophy)"
] |
Passage: Overweight and obesity is associated with lower rates of suicide. However, little is known about the association with different suicide methods. We studied the association between groups of body mass index and suicide methods. We identified all medicolegal autopsy cases with a cause of death due to external ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Obesity"
] | [
"lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle (increased muscle lipid content)",
"pathological sadness (profound feelings of unhappiness)",
"late fetal death (stillbirth)",
"diminished physical health (diminished physical functioning)",
"increased intramuscular fat (increased im fat)"
] |
Passage: Overweight and obesity is associated with lower rates of suicide. However, little is known about the association with different suicide methods. We studied the association between groups of body mass index and suicide methods. We identified all medicolegal autopsy cases with a cause of death due to external ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Decreased body weight"
] | [
"triggered by overeating (triggered by heavy meal)",
"sustained sadness (pathological sadness)",
"infantile death (death in infancy)",
"exacerbated by tobacco use (smoking or tobacco use exacerbates symptoms)",
"decreased whr (decreased waist to hip ratio)"
] |
Passage: Overweight and obesity is associated with lower rates of suicide. However, little is known about the association with different suicide methods. We studied the association between groups of body mass index and suicide methods. We identified all medicolegal autopsy cases with a cause of death due to external ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Overweight"
] | [
"decreased body weight (weight less than 3rd percentile)",
"lack of sufficient daily physical activity (physical inactivity)",
"loss of truncal subcutaneous adipose tissue (loss of subcutaneous truncal adipose tissue)",
"fat embolism (pulmonary fat embolism)",
"morbid sadness (pathological sadness)"
] |
Passage: Cognitive impairment has been well documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infections. However, in the context of HIV / HCV co-infection the research is more limited. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the characteristics of cognitive impairment in HIV /... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Cognitive impairment"
] | [
"elevated glycated hemoglobin (elevated hemoglobin a1c)",
"severe mental retardation (severe intellectual disability)",
"subacute progressive viral hepatitis",
"generalized cerebral atrophy (global brain atrophy)",
"focal impaired awareness cognitive seizure with forced thinking"
] |
Passage: To determine the prevalence of consumption of fruits and vegetables and identify the association with low level of physical activity, exposure to sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and overweight / obesity in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional school-based study with a representative sample of ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Obesity"
] | [
"increased resting energy expenditure",
"anorexia nervosa (restrictive eating)",
"vitamin b8 deficiency (decreased circulating vitamin b8 concentration)",
"abnormal consumption behavior (abnormal consumption behaviour)",
"decreased waist-to-hip ratio (decreased waist to hip ratio)"
] |
Passage: To determine the prevalence of consumption of fruits and vegetables and identify the association with low level of physical activity, exposure to sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and overweight / obesity in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional school-based study with a representative sample of ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Overweight"
] | [
"weight less than 3rd percentile (decreased body weight)",
"decreased phytanic acid:pristanic acid ratio (phytanic acid to pristanic acid ratio low)",
"decreased circulating vitamin e concentration (alpha-tocopherol deficiency)",
"asthenic habitus (slender build)",
"chloride high in stool (elevated stool ch... |
Passage: Refractory chronic subdural hematomas due to iatrogenic dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are difficult to treat. We report our experience and propose a guideline on basis of a literature review for the usefulness of embolization of middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of the same. We report a ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Aphasia"
] | [
"fetal intraventricular hemorrhage",
"arteriovenous fistula (arteriovenous fistulas)",
"intracranial fusiform aneurysm (fusiform cerebral aneurysm)",
"intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull)",
"innominate artery aneurysm (brachiocephalic artery aneurysm)"
] |
Passage: Refractory chronic subdural hematomas due to iatrogenic dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are difficult to treat. We report our experience and propose a guideline on basis of a literature review for the usefulness of embolization of middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of the same. We report a ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Falls"
] | [
"fetal cerebellar vermis hemorrhage",
"abnormality of the cerebral venous sinuses (abnormal cerebral venous sinus morphology)",
"cerebral haemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage)",
"cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cerebral av malformation)",
"agenesis of the ductus venosus (ductus venosus agenesis)"
] |
Passage: Refractory chronic subdural hematomas due to iatrogenic dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are difficult to treat. We report our experience and propose a guideline on basis of a literature review for the usefulness of embolization of middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of the same. We report a ca... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Subdural hemorrhage"
] | [
"intracranial arterial calcification",
"type 1 ventricular septal defect (subarterial ventricular septal defect)",
"subclavian artery stenosis",
"abnormality of cerebral veins (abnormal cerebral vein morphology)",
"coronary arteriovenous fistula"
] |
Passage: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of group III/IV muscle afferents in limiting the endurance exercise - induced metabolic perturbation assayed in muscle biopsy samples taken from locomotor muscle. Lumbar intrathecal fentanyl was used to attenuate the central projection of μ-opioid receptor - ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Abnormal homeostasis"
] | [
"emg: myotonic runs (emg: spontaneous, repetitive electrical activity)",
"muscle biopsy: 2,4-dienoyl-coa reductase activity low (reduced muscle 2,4-dienoyl-coa reductase activity)",
"elevated creatine phosphokinase after exercise (elevated creatine kinase after exercise)",
"length dependent motor neuropathy (... |
Passage: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of group III/IV muscle afferents in limiting the endurance exercise - induced metabolic perturbation assayed in muscle biopsy samples taken from locomotor muscle. Lumbar intrathecal fentanyl was used to attenuate the central projection of μ-opioid receptor - ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Fatigue"
] | [
"abnormal oblique muscle physiology",
"exercise intolerance (decreased ability to exercise)",
"motor polyneuropathy (peripheral motor neuropathy)",
"exercise-induced muscle stiffness (muscle stiffness, exercise-induced)",
"muscle stiffness with exercise (exercise-induced muscle stiffness)"
] |
Passage: Few studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors to crown fractures in preschool children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of crown fracture in the primary dentition over a 1-year follow-up period, identify risk factors, and test the hypothesis that children with previous crown frac... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Overjet"
] | [
"solitary median maxillary central incisor (solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome)",
"abnormality of dentoalveolar ridges (abnormal alveolar ridge morphology)",
"bone mandible (fractured mandible)",
"multiple fractures present at birth (multiple prenatal fractures)",
"failure of eruption of too... |
Passage: Gene-targeted deletion of the potassium channel Kv1.3 (Kv1.3(-∕-)) results i n "S uper-smeller" mice with a se nsory p h enotype t hat includes an increased olfactory ability linked to changes in olfactory circuitry, increased abundance of olfactory cilia, and increased expression of odorant receptors and the ... | Instruct: Given a passage, retrieve phenotypes mentioned in the passage. | [
"Obesity"
] | [
"decreased activity of mitochondrial atp synthase complex (respiratory complex deficiency, atpase deficiency)",
"decreased mitochondrial number",
"respiratory complex i deficiency (decreased activity of mitochondrial complex i)",
"abnormal mitochondrion morphology (abnormal mitochondrial morphology)",
"decr... |
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