query stringlengths 52 186 | positive listlengths 1 5 | negative listlengths 1 4 | system stringlengths 49 1.02k |
|---|---|---|---|
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'The Relationship of Urinary Metabolites of Carbaryl/Naphthalene and Chlorpyrifos with Human Semen Quality', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'naphthalene'? | [
"naphthalene"
] | [
"naphthalenes",
"naphthalane",
"nitrene",
"alkene"
] | Given the context 'The Relationship of Urinary Metabolites of Carbaryl/Naphthalene and Chlorpyrifos with Human Semen Quality', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'The Relationship of Urinary Metabolites of Carbaryl/Naphthalene and Chlorpyrifos with Human Semen Quality', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Most of the general population is exposed to carbaryl and other contemporary-use insecticides at low levels.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Studies of laboratory animals, in addition to limited human data, show an association between carbaryl exposure and decreased semen quality.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1-naphthol'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"naphthols",
"2-naphthol"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'naphthalene'? | [
"naphthalene"
] | [
"naphthalenes",
"naphthalane",
"nitrene",
"alkene"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol'? | [
"3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol",
"3,5,6-trichloro-2(1h)-pyridinone",
"3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol sodium salt"
] | [
"2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-pyridinol",
"3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol",
"2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-pyridinol sodium salt",
"2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos-methyl'? | [
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos",
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"tolclofos-methyl",
"para-chlorophenyl methyl sulfone"
] | Given the context 'In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Individual exposures were measured as spot urinary concentrations of 1N and TCPY adjusted using specific gravity.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Median TCPY and 1N concentrations were 3.22 and 3.19 μg/L, respectively.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'For increasing 1N tertiles, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly elevated for below-reference sperm concentration (OR for low, medium, and high tertiles = 1.0, 4.2, 4.2, respectively; p-value for trend = 0.01) and percent motile sperm (1.0, 2.5, 2.4; p-value for trend = 0.01).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'The sperm motion parameter most strongly associated with 1N was straight-line velocity.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'There were suggestive, borderline-significant associations for TCPY with sperm concentration and motility, whereas sperm morphology was weakly and nonsignificantly associated with both TCPY and 1N.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'The observed associations between altered semen quality and 1N are consistent with previous studies of carbaryl exposure, although suggestive associations with TCPY are difficult to interpret because human and animal data are currently limited.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'The observed associations between altered semen quality and 1N are consistent with previous studies of carbaryl exposure, although suggestive associations with TCPY are difficult to interpret because human and animal data are currently limited.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'A study of workers that packaged carbaryl found an increased proportion of oligozoospermic (< 20 million sperm/mL) and teratospermic (> 60% abnormal sperm morphology) men compared with a reference group of chemical workers (Whorton et al. 1979; Wyrobek et al. 1981).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Further support for carbaryl’s testicular toxicity comes from studies in laboratory rats that showed associations between carbaryl exposure and sperm shape abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations (Luca and Balan 1987), as well as dose–response relationships between carbaryl exposure and a decline in epididymal sperm count and motility and increased abnormal sperm morphology (Pant et al. 1995, 1996; Rybakova 1966; Shtenberg and Rybakova 1968).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Further support for carbaryl’s testicular toxicity comes from studies in laboratory rats that showed associations between carbaryl exposure and sperm shape abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations (Luca and Balan 1987), as well as dose–response relationships between carbaryl exposure and a decline in epididymal sperm count and motility and increased abnormal sperm morphology (Pant et al. 1995, 1996; Rybakova 1966; Shtenberg and Rybakova 1968).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Further support for carbaryl’s testicular toxicity comes from studies in laboratory rats that showed associations between carbaryl exposure and sperm shape abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations (Luca and Balan 1987), as well as dose–response relationships between carbaryl exposure and a decline in epididymal sperm count and motility and increased abnormal sperm morphology (Pant et al. 1995, 1996; Rybakova 1966; Shtenberg and Rybakova 1968).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Carbaryl was also found to disrupt endocrine regulation of gonadal function in fish (Ghosh and Bhattacharya 1990).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Chlorpyrifos, a frequently used insecticide until being banned for residential use (Lewis 2000), is less studied than is carbaryl for its testicular toxicity but has been found to disrupt endocrine regulation in ewes (Rawlings et al. 1998).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Chlorpyrifos, a frequently used insecticide until being banned for residential use (Lewis 2000), is less studied than is carbaryl for its testicular toxicity but has been found to disrupt endocrine regulation in ewes (Rawlings et al. 1998).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol'? | [
"3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol",
"3,5,6-trichloro-2(1h)-pyridinone",
"3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol sodium salt"
] | [
"2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-pyridinol",
"3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol",
"2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-pyridinol sodium salt",
"2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos-methyl'? | [
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos",
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"tolclofos-methyl",
"para-chlorophenyl methyl sulfone"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1-naphthol'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"naphthols",
"2-naphthol"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'naphthalene'? | [
"naphthalene"
] | [
"naphthalenes",
"naphthalane",
"nitrene",
"alkene"
] | Given the context 'Recently, the CDC reported measurable levels of urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, in > 90% and 75% of males in the United States, respectively (CDC 2003).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'The present study was designed to investigate the association between environmental exposure to the nonpersistent insecticides chlorpyrifos and carbaryl and altered semen quality among adult men.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'The present study was designed to investigate the association between environmental exposure to the nonpersistent insecticides chlorpyrifos and carbaryl and altered semen quality among adult men.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Insecticide metabolite levels in urine were used as biomarkers of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl exposure.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Insecticide metabolite levels in urine were used as biomarkers of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl exposure.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Urine samples were frozen at −20°C and mailed on dry ice to the CDC, where TCPY and 1N were measured as previously described by Hill et al. (1995).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'glucuronide'? | [
"glucuronide",
"glucuronides"
] | [
"glucoside",
"d-glucose, o-d-glucopyranosyl",
"glucosides",
"d-glucose,o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl"
] | Given the context 'Briefly, samples were fortified with stable isotope analogs of the target analytes, and glucuronide or sulfate-bound metabolites were liberated using an enzyme hydrolysis.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'sulfate'? | [
"sulfates",
"sulfate",
"inorganic sulfates",
"sulfates, inorganic"
] | [
"organic sulfates",
"sulfates, organic",
"sulfate, ammonium",
"ammonium sulfate"
] | Given the context 'Briefly, samples were fortified with stable isotope analogs of the target analytes, and glucuronide or sulfate-bound metabolites were liberated using an enzyme hydrolysis.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'TCPY and 1N were isolated using liquid–liquid extraction, chemically derivatized, and measured using gas chromatography–chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometry.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Although creatinine concentrations are commonly used to adjust for variable urine dilution in spot samples when measuring pesticide metabolites, creatinine adjustment may not be appropriate for compounds that undergo active tubular secretion, which includes organic compounds such as TCPY and 1N that can be conjugated by the liver in the form of glucuronides or sulfates (Boeniger et al. 1993).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Although creatinine concentrations are commonly used to adjust for variable urine dilution in spot samples when measuring pesticide metabolites, creatinine adjustment may not be appropriate for compounds that undergo active tubular secretion, which includes organic compounds such as TCPY and 1N that can be conjugated by the liver in the form of glucuronides or sulfates (Boeniger et al. 1993).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Although creatinine concentrations are commonly used to adjust for variable urine dilution in spot samples when measuring pesticide metabolites, creatinine adjustment may not be appropriate for compounds that undergo active tubular secretion, which includes organic compounds such as TCPY and 1N that can be conjugated by the liver in the form of glucuronides or sulfates (Boeniger et al. 1993).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'glucuronides'? | [
"glucuronides",
"glucuronide"
] | [
"glucosides",
"glucoside",
"d-glucose, o-d-glucopyranosyl",
"d-glucose,o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl"
] | Given the context 'Although creatinine concentrations are commonly used to adjust for variable urine dilution in spot samples when measuring pesticide metabolites, creatinine adjustment may not be appropriate for compounds that undergo active tubular secretion, which includes organic compounds such as TCPY and 1N that can be conjugated by the liver in the form of glucuronides or sulfates (Boeniger et al. 1993).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Creatinine levels also vary by sex, age, muscle mass, race, diet, activity, and time of day.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'However, in addition to SG-adjusted results, volume-based (unadjusted) and creatinine-adjusted TCPY and 1N concentrations were also determined to allow for comparisons with exposure distributions from other studies.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'However, in addition to SG-adjusted results, volume-based (unadjusted) and creatinine-adjusted TCPY and 1N concentrations were also determined to allow for comparisons with exposure distributions from other studies.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Samples with creatinine concentrations > 300 mg/dL or < 30 mg/dL, or with SG > 1.03 or < 1.01, were considered too concentrated or too dilute, respectively, to provide valid results (Teass et al. 1998) and were excluded.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Creatinine was measured photo-metrically using kinetic colorimetric assay technology with a Hitachi 911 automated chemistry analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'For metabolite values below the limit of detection (LOD), corresponding to 0.25 μg/L for TCPY and 0.40 μg/L for 1N, an imputed value equal to one-half the LOD was used.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Distributions of TCPY, 1N, and sperm concentration were log-transformed in the models.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'The distributions of urinary levels of TCPY and 1N for the 330 men are presented in Table 1, as are adjusted metabolite distributions after excluding men with highly concentrated or dilute samples according to creatinine (23 of 330 men; n = 307) or SG (58 of 330 men; n = 272).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'The distributions of urinary levels of TCPY and 1N for the 330 men are presented in Table 1, as are adjusted metabolite distributions after excluding men with highly concentrated or dilute samples according to creatinine (23 of 330 men; n = 307) or SG (58 of 330 men; n = 272).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'SG-adjusted TCPY and 1N levels were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.3; p < 0.001).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Compared with men in the lowest 1N tertile, men in both the medium and high SG-adjusted 1N tertiles were more likely to have below-reference sperm concentration {ORs for increasing exposure tertiles = 1.0, 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–13.0], 4.2 [95% CI, 1.4–12.6]; p-value for trend = 0.01} and sperm motility', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Compared with men in the lowest 1N tertile, men in both the medium and high SG-adjusted 1N tertiles were more likely to have below-reference sperm concentration {ORs for increasing exposure tertiles = 1.0, 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–13.0], 4.2 [95% CI, 1.4–12.6]; p-value for trend = 0.01} and sperm motility', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Sperm morphology was weakly associated with both TCPY and 1N.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'To further explore potential dose–response relationships, subjects were divided into quintiles based on SG-adjusted 1N and TCPY concentrations (Figures 1 and 2).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Although not monotonic, there were relationships between increased 1N and sperm concentration (OR estimates for increasing exposure quintiles were 1.0, 0.7, 2.3, 3.6, 2.4; p-value for trend = 0.02) and decreased sperm motility (1.0, 0.8, 2.8, 2.0, 2.8; p-value for trend = 0.002).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'A suggestive relationship was found between 1N and abnormal sperm morphology (1.0, 1.1, 1.5, 1.4, 2.3; p-value for trend = 0.09).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'For 1N, ORs were moderately attenuated for sperm concentration (1.0, 3.0, 3.1; p-value for trend = 0.05) but were unchanged for sperm motility.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Estimates of relationships with 1N tertiles became moderately lower for sperm concentration (1.0, 3.0, 2.6; p-value for trend = 0.05) and motility (1.0, 2.2, 1.9; p-value for trend = 0.03).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'The suggestive relationship between TCPY tertiles and sperm concentration became slightly stronger (1.0, 1.8, 2.2; p-value for trend = 0.08), whereas relationships of 1N with sperm morphology and TCPY with sperm motility and morphology remained weak.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'A suggestive association between SG-adjusted 1N concentration and decreased sperm concentration was found (p = 0.06).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'As in the logistic regression analysis, there was an association between 1N levels and a decreased percentage of motile sperm (p = 0.03).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'SG-adjusted 1N levels were inversely associated with VSL (p = 0.02).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'CASA motion parameters were also modeled against tertiles of SG-adjusted TCPY and 1N.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'An inverse relationship remained for TCPY and VSL (0, −0.13, −2.79; p-value for trend = 0.05) and between 1N and VSL (0, −2.17, −3.50; p-value for trend = 0.01).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'There was a suggestive inverse relationship between 1N and VCL (0, −0.49, −4.16; p-value for trend = 0.09).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'In addition to SG-adjusted values, all statistical analyses were performed with unadjusted and CRE-adjusted TCPY and 1N concentrations (results available from the authors upon request).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'Creatinine-adjusted results differed from SG-adjusted results.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'The only relationship in the multivariate logistic models that approached statistical significance was between sperm motility and creatinine-adjusted 1N tertiles (1.0, 1.3, 1.7; p-value for trend = 0.08) and quintiles (1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 1.8; p-value for trend = 0.07).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'The only relationship in the multivariate logistic models that approached statistical significance was between sperm motility and creatinine-adjusted 1N tertiles (1.0, 1.3, 1.7; p-value for trend = 0.08) and quintiles (1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 1.8; p-value for trend = 0.07).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'creatinine'? | [
"creatinine"
] | [
"creatine",
"arginine",
"cysteine",
"chromium"
] | Given the context 'No statistically significant associations were found between creatinine-adjusted metabolite levels and outcome measures in the multivariate linear regression analysis.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Specifically, we found statistically significant inverse dose–response relationships between 1N and sperm concentration and motility, as well as between 1N and VSL.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Specifically, we found statistically significant inverse dose–response relationships between 1N and sperm concentration and motility, as well as between 1N and VSL.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Suggestive associations were found between 1N and sperm morphology, VCL, and LIN and between TCPY and sperm concentration, motility, and VSL.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'The present data were generally consistent with laboratory animal studies that have shown an association between exposure to carbaryl and decreased semen quality.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'In an earlier study, subacute and chronic reproductive effects of carbaryl were found in male rats (Rybakova 1966; Shtenberg and Rybakova 1968).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Limited animal studies have explored relationships between chlorpyrifos exposure and semen quality.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Decreased sperm production and motility was observed in Holstein bulls 6 months after dermal lice treatment with an unknown amount of chlorpyrifos', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Other animal studies found no associations between chlorpyrifos exposure and altered male reproductive health (ATSDR 1997;', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'In the carbaryl studies, no change in rat testicular weight was reported for lower doses for which decreased semen quality was observed (Pant et al. 1995, 1996; Rybakova 1966).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Human studies investigating exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos and associations with male reproductive health are limited.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Human studies investigating exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos and associations with male reproductive health are limited.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Until recently, there were no known human male reproductive health studies that used biological measures of exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos (ATSDR 1997).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorpyrifos'? | [
"chlorpyrifos"
] | [
"chlorpyrifos oxon",
"chloramidophos",
"chlorthiophos",
"chlorpyrifos-methyl"
] | Given the context 'Until recently, there were no known human male reproductive health studies that used biological measures of exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos (ATSDR 1997).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'Swan et al. (2003) found elevated but nonsignificant ORs for low semen quality (sperm concentration, motility, and morphology below the population median) among 24 Missouri men with detectable 1N (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.2–34.2) and TCPY levels (6.4; 95% CI, 0.5–86.3).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'organophosphate'? | [
"organophosphate",
"organophosphates",
"organopyrophosphates",
"organic phosphates",
"phosphates, organic"
] | [
"organophosphorus compounds",
"organophosphorus compound",
"organothiophosphates",
"compounds, organophosphorus"
] | Given the context 'In a study among Chinese workers exposed to other organophosphate pesticides (ethylparathion and methamidophos), Padungtod et al. (2000) found significantly lower sperm concentration and sperm motility compared with nonexposed workers but no difference in sperm morphology.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ethylparathion'? | [
"ethyl parathion",
"parathion, ethyl",
"parathion"
] | [
"ethylpropion",
"ethyl thiopyrophosphate",
"aminoparathion",
"methylparathion"
] | Given the context 'In a study among Chinese workers exposed to other organophosphate pesticides (ethylparathion and methamidophos), Padungtod et al. (2000) found significantly lower sperm concentration and sperm motility compared with nonexposed workers but no difference in sperm morphology.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'methamidophos'? | [
"methamidophos"
] | [
"n-hydroxymethamidophos",
"methylnitrophos",
"metos",
"methylethylthiophos"
] | Given the context 'In a study among Chinese workers exposed to other organophosphate pesticides (ethylparathion and methamidophos), Padungtod et al. (2000) found significantly lower sperm concentration and sperm motility compared with nonexposed workers but no difference in sperm morphology.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to '1n'? | [
"1-naphthol",
"1-naphthol, ion(1+)",
"alpha-naphthol"
] | [
"naphthol",
"2-naphthol, (1+)",
"1-naphthaldehyde",
"naphthols"
] | Given the context 'In the present study, the relationship between 1N and sperm concentration below the WHO reference value (WHO 1999) is consistent with two published reports on a cohort of carbaryl production workers (Whorton et al. 1979; Wyrobek et al. 1981).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'In the present study, the relationship between 1N and sperm concentration below the WHO reference value (WHO 1999) is consistent with two published reports on a cohort of carbaryl production workers (Whorton et al. 1979; Wyrobek et al. 1981).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'In contrast to the present study, Wyrobek et al. (1981) reported an association between carbaryl exposure and sperm morphology.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'carbaryl'? | [
"carbaryl",
"carbyl",
"carbaril"
] | [
"carbazole",
"carbazoles",
"carboline",
"carbocyanine"
] | Given the context 'Because of logistical constraints, sperm motility was not measured in the published reports of the carbaryl production worker study.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'reactive oxygen species'? | [
"oxygen species, reactive",
"reactive oxygen species",
"reactive oxygen intermediates",
"oxygen radicals",
"oxygen radical"
] | [
"reactive nitrogen species",
"nitrogen species, reactive",
"species, reactive nitrogen",
"free radicals"
] | Given the context 'The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male infertility has been suggested in studies that found higher seminal ROS levels in infertile men compared with fertile controls (Agarwal et al. 1994; Pasqualotto et al. 2000).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ros'? | [
"reactive oxygen species",
"oxygen species, reactive",
"oxygen radicals",
"oxygen radical",
"radical, oxygen"
] | [
"free radicals",
"superoxide radical",
"free radical",
"superoxides"
] | Given the context 'The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male infertility has been suggested in studies that found higher seminal ROS levels in infertile men compared with fertile controls (Agarwal et al. 1994; Pasqualotto et al. 2000).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ros'? | [
"reactive oxygen species",
"oxygen species, reactive",
"oxygen radicals",
"oxygen radical",
"radical, oxygen"
] | [
"free radicals",
"superoxide radical",
"free radical",
"superoxides"
] | Given the context 'The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male infertility has been suggested in studies that found higher seminal ROS levels in infertile men compared with fertile controls (Agarwal et al. 1994; Pasqualotto et al. 2000).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ros'? | [
"reactive oxygen species",
"oxygen species, reactive",
"oxygen radicals",
"oxygen radical",
"radical, oxygen"
] | [
"free radicals",
"superoxide radical",
"free radical",
"superoxides"
] | Given the context 'Sperm cells do not have cytoplasmic defense enzymes (e.g., catalase) that serve as ROS scavengers.', answer the user's query. |
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