instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 118 1.23k | response stringclasses 11 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in India: changes over time and space.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plasmodium falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum v1 (plasmodium falciparum (isolate v1)) (aka plasmodium falciparum v1)
B: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcr-3 / gambia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcr-3/gambia)
C: plasmodium falciparum (isolate dd2) (aka plasmodium falciparum dd2)
D: plasmodium falciparum vs/1
E: plasmodium falciparum (isolate palo alto) (aka plasmodium falciparum palo alto/uganda)
F: malaria parasite p. falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
G: plasmodium falciparum (isolate camp / malaysia) (aka plasmodium falciparum camp/malaysia)
H: plasmodium falciparum (isolate wellcome) (aka plasmodium falciparum isolate wellcome)
I: plasmodium falciparum (isolate hb3) (aka plasmodium falciparum hb3)
J: plasmodium sp. pf
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was first reported in 1973 and increases in antimalarial resistance, along with rapid urbanisation and labour migration, complicated the challenge that India's large geographical area and population size already pose for malaria control.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plasmodium falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum (isolate v1) (aka plasmodium falciparum v1)
B: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fch-5) (aka plasmodium falciparum fch-5)
C: plasmodium falciparum vs/1
D: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fid3/india) (aka plasmodium falciparum fid3/india)
E: plasmodium falciparum (isolate palo alto) (aka plasmodium falciparum palo alto/uganda)
F: plasmodium falciparum (isolate camp / malaysia) (aka plasmodium falciparum camp/malaysia)
G: plasmodium malariae
H: plasmodium (laverania) falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
I: plasmodium falciparum (isolate dd2) (aka plasmodium falciparum dd2)
J: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcr-3 / gambia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcr-3/gambia)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did a systematic review of P falciparum malaria drug-efficacy studies in India to summarise drug-resistance data and describe changes over the past 30 years to inform future policy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcbr / columbia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcbr/columbia)
B: plasmodium falciparum v1 (plasmodium falciparum (isolate v1)) (aka plasmodium falciparum v1)
C: plasmodium falciparum p51.02
D: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fch-5) (aka plasmodium falciparum fch-5)
E: plasmodium falciparum vs/1
F: plasmodium falciparum (isolate wellcome) (aka plasmodium falciparum isolate wellcome)
G: plasmodium falciparum (isolate palo alto) (aka plasmodium falciparum palo alto/uganda)
H: plasmodium falciparum (isolate le5) (aka plasmodium falciparum le5)
I: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fid3 / india) (aka plasmodium falciparum fid3/india)
J: plasmodium (laverania) falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Continued use of chloroquine for treatment of P falciparum malaria in India will likely be ineffective.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum (isolate palo alto) (aka plasmodium falciparum palo alto/uganda)
B: plasmodium falciparum (isolate dd2) (aka plasmodium falciparum dd2)
C: plasmodium falciparum vs/1
D: plasmodium falciparum (isolate v1) (aka plasmodium falciparum v1)
E: malaria parasite p. falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
F: plasmodium sp. pf
G: plasmodium falciparum (isolate wellcome) (aka plasmodium falciparum isolate wellcome)
H: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcr-3 / gambia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcr-3/gambia)
I: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcbr / columbia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcbr/columbia)
J: plasmodium falciparum p51.02
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resistance to sulfa-pyrimethamine should be closely monitored to protect the effectiveness of treatment with artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, which is the new first-line treatment for P falciparum malaria.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum (isolate le5) (aka plasmodium falciparum le5)
B: plasmodium malariae
C: plasmodium falciparum (isolate wellcome) (aka plasmodium falciparum isolate wellcome)
D: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fch-5) (aka plasmodium falciparum fch-5)
E: plasmodium falciparum (plasmodium (laverania) falciparum) (aka plasmodium falciparum)
F: plasmodium falciparum v1 (plasmodium falciparum (isolate v1)) (aka plasmodium falciparum v1)
G: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcr-3 / gambia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcr-3/gambia)
H: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fcbr / columbia) (aka plasmodium falciparum fcbr/columbia)
I: plasmodium falciparum (isolate fid3/india) (aka plasmodium falciparum fid3/india)
J: plasmodium falciparum (isolate dd2) (aka plasmodium falciparum dd2)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fluorescent protein fusions in Candida guilliermondii.
Candida guilliermondii is an emerging fungal agent of candidiasis often associated with oncology patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
B: candida chilensis (aka [candida] chilensis)
C: meyerozyma guilliermondii (meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010) (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
E: hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii
F: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
G: mucor guilliermondii
H: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
I: saccharomycopsis microspora (pichia microspora) (aka saccharomycopsis microspora)
J: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fluorescent protein fusions in Candida guilliermondii.
Candida guilliermondii is an emerging fungal agent of candidiasis often associated with oncology patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mucor guilliermondii
B: candida taylorii (aka [candida] taylorii)
C: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
D: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
E: saccharomycopsis microspora (pichia microspora) (aka saccharomycopsis microspora)
F: candida pseudotropicalis (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
G: pichia kluyveri (pichia kluyveri var. kluyveri) (aka pichia kluyveri)
H: yamadazyma guilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
I: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
J: candida glabrata (aka nakaseomyces glabratus)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This yeast also remains a promising biotechnological model for the industrial production of value-added metabolites.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
B: zygotorulaspora
C: saccharomyceta
D: uncultured saccharomyces
E: saccharomycetes sp. (saccharomycete sp.) (aka saccharomycetes sp.)
F: uncultured yeast
G: saccharomycodes
H: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
I: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
J: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrated that C. guilliermondii phosphoglycerate kinase transcription-regulating sequences allow a constitutive expression of codon-optimized green, cyan, yellow and mCherry FP genes in C. guilliermondii cells and the fluorescence signal could be directly observed at the colony and blastospore level by epifluorescence microcopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycopsis (guilliermondella) (aka saccharomycopsis)
B: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
C: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
D: gaertnera guillotii
E: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
F: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
G: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
H: pichia gilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
I: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
J: amomyrtella guili (eugenia guili) (aka amomyrtella guili)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrated that C. guilliermondii phosphoglycerate kinase transcription-regulating sequences allow a constitutive expression of codon-optimized green, cyan, yellow and mCherry FP genes in C. guilliermondii cells and the fluorescence signal could be directly observed at the colony and blastospore level by epifluorescence microcopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
B: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
C: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
D: mucor guilliermondii
E: amomyrtella guili (eugenia guili) (aka amomyrtella guili)
F: meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
G: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
H: saccharomycopsis (guilliermondella) (aka saccharomycopsis)
I: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
J: hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To illustrate differential targeting of the FPs into specified cellular compartments, we studied and validated the expected subcellular localization of various C. guilliermondii predicted proteins fused to FPs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
B: candida guilliermondii (castell.) langeron & guerra, 1938 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
C: amomyrtella guili (eugenia guili) (aka amomyrtella guili)
D: hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii
E: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
F: gaertnera guillotii
G: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
H: candida duobushaemulonii (aka candidozyma duobushaemuli)
I: saccharomycopsis (guilliermondella) (aka saccharomycopsis)
J: sorocea guilleminiana
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, co-expression experiments of various couples of FP-tagged C. guilliermondii predicted proteins in the same cell showed that the fluorescence of each FP could be detected independently, providing firm evidences that YFP/CFP and GFP/mCherry pairs can be used for dual labeling in C. guilliermondii cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
B: gaertnera guillotii
C: sorocea guilleminiana
D: candida duobushaemulonii (aka candidozyma duobushaemuli)
E: candida guilliermondii (castell.) langeron & guerra, 1938 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
F: amomyrtella guili (eugenia guili) (aka amomyrtella guili)
G: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
H: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
I: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
J: saccharomycopsis (guilliermondella) (aka saccharomycopsis)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, co-expression experiments of various couples of FP-tagged C. guilliermondii predicted proteins in the same cell showed that the fluorescence of each FP could be detected independently, providing firm evidences that YFP/CFP and GFP/mCherry pairs can be used for dual labeling in C. guilliermondii cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomycopsis (guilliermondella) (aka saccharomycopsis)
C: pichia guilliermondii atcc 6260 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii atcc 6260)
D: mucor guilliermondii
E: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
F: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
G: sorocea guilleminiana
H: meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
I: candida duobushaemulonii (aka candidozyma duobushaemuli)
J: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This technical advance will facilitate future studies of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. guilliermondii and will give precious help for elucidating new molecular events supporting pathogenicity, antifungal resistance and for exploring the potential of yeast metabolic engineering.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mucor guilliermondii
B: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
C: meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii
E: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
F: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
G: eugenia guili (aka amomyrtella guili)
H: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
I: gaertnera guillotii
J: meyerozyma aff. guilliermondii
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This technical advance will facilitate future studies of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. guilliermondii and will give precious help for elucidating new molecular events supporting pathogenicity, antifungal resistance and for exploring the potential of yeast metabolic engineering.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
C: saccharomyceta
D: pichiomycetes
E: uncultured saccharomyces
F: saccharomyces sp.
G: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
H: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
I: uncultured yeast
J: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Isolation and characterization of MAT genes in the symbiotic ascomycete Tuber melanosporum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber melosporum (picoa melospora) (aka tuber melosporum)
B: isoetes melanospora
C: glomus melanosporum
D: tuber calosporum
E: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: tuber melanosporum mel28
G: pseudoanthidium melanurum
H: tuber polymorphosporum
I: isoetes melanotheca
J: agaricus melanosporus (secotium melanosporum) (aka agaricus melanosporus)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genome of Tuber melanosporum has recently been sequenced.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glomus melanosporum
B: microascus melanosporus (scopulariopsis melanospora) (aka microascus melanosporus)
C: tuber polymorphosporum
D: tuber melanosporum mel28
E: tuber cf. melanosporum tg-2008
F: isoetes melanospora
G: badhamia melanospora
H: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
I: picoa melospora (aka tuber melosporum)
J: black truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These analyses provided definitive evidence that T. melanosporum is a heterothallic species with a MAT locus that is organized similarly to those of ancient fungal lineages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanospora sp.
B: badhamia melanospora
C: steindachneridion melanodermatum
D: isoetes melanospora
E: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
F: rhexoacrodictys melanospora
G: cosmarium melanosporum
H: micromonospora melanosporea
I: tuber melanosporum (perigord truffle) (aka tuber melanosporum)
J: glomus melanosporum
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Microtubule dynamics in mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aphanothece nidulans
B: sterigmatocystis nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
C: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
D: aspergillus sp. 'ritchie-smith 1996'
E: aspergillus cf. niger
F: aspergillus sp. 'nidulans var. blue'
G: aspergillus sp. l
H: aspergillus niger var. niger (aspergillus niger subsp. niger) (aka aspergillus niger var. niger)
I: aspergillus sp. s
J: aspergillus niger (aspergillus lacticoffeatus frisvad & samson, 2004) (aka aspergillus niger)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans is very rapid, requiring less than 5 min at 37 ^0C in germlings (Bergen and Morris, 1983).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nassella nidulans
B: aspergillus subgen. nidulantes
C: aspergillus sp. s
D: aspergillus sp. 'nidulans var. blue'
E: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans (emericella nidulans var. nidulans) (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
G: aspergillus niger var. niger (aspergillus niger subsp. niger) (aka aspergillus niger var. niger)
H: sterigmatocystis nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
I: aspergillus sp. l
J: aphanothece nidulans
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparison of transcriptional and translational changes caused by long-term menadione exposure in Aspergillus nidulans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus sp. s
B: aspergillus niger var. niger (aspergillus niger subsp. niger) (aka aspergillus niger var. niger)
C: aspergillus cf. niger
D: aspergillus sp. 'nidulans var. blue'
E: aspergillus sp. l
F: aspergillus niger (aspergillus lacticoffeatus frisvad & samson, 2004) (aka aspergillus niger)
G: emericella nidulans var. nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
H: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
I: aspergillus sp. 'ritchie-smith 1996'
J: aspergillus subgen. nidulantes
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Under long-term oxidative stress caused by menadione sodium bisulfite, genome-wide transcriptional and proteome-wide translational changes were compared in Aspergillus nidulans vegetative cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus niger subsp. niger (aka aspergillus niger var. niger)
B: aspergillus niger (aspergillus lacticoffeatus frisvad & samson, 2004) (aka aspergillus niger)
C: aspergillus sp. s
D: aspergillus sp. 'nidulans var. blue'
E: sterigmatocystis nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: nassella nidulans
G: aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans (emericella nidulans var. nidulans) (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
H: aspergillus subgen. nidulantes
I: aphanothece nidulans
J: aspergillus cf. niger
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A population of D. derouxi with eight or nine right kineties is also briefly described.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. derouxi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orthotomus derbianus derbianus
B: praxithea derourei
C: beijerinckia derxii subsp. derxii (beijerinckia derxii derxii) (aka beijerinckia derxii subsp. derxii)
D: gremlinotrophus derisus (aka picconia derisa)
E: bangana dero (cyprinus dero) (aka bangana dero)
F: orthotomus derbianus
G: leucothyris derondina (aka oleria derondina)
H: dysteria derouxi
I: chlamydonella derouxi
J: talaromyces derxii
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia sinica spec. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staurogyne sinica
B: gelidium sinicola
C: kallitaxila sinica (monopsis sinica) (aka kallitaxila sinica)
D: nemopistha sinica
E: chaetospira sinica
F: weigela japonica var. sinica (weigela sinica) (aka weigela japonica var. sinica)
G: pachybrachis sinuatus
H: cornegenapsylla sinica
I: kibakoganea sinica
J: geleia sinica
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'k. flavus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phycicoccus flavus
B: krusa flava
C: poritiphilus flavus
D: prockia flava
E: pseudohydrobius flavus
F: tessaracoccus flavus
G: potos flavus (lemur flavus) (aka potos flavus)
H: klattia partita var. flava (aka klattia flava)
I: hyalobagrus flavus
J: eionea flava
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'k. gracilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: keroeides gracilis
B: geocharax gracilis
C: cleistogenes gracilis (kengia gracilis) (aka cleistogenes gracilis)
D: stricosus gracilis
E: bacopa gracilis (herpestis gracilis) (aka bacopa gracilis)
F: pseudostenopsyche gracilis
G: nirmus gracilis (aka brueelia gracilis)
H: hemiteles gracilis (aka aclastus gracilis)
I: kalidium gracile
J: kniphofia gracilis
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Geleia sinica spec. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: body medium-sized and slender-cylindrical; with a conspicuous prebuccal fossa; 28-34 somatic kineties; about 40 short adoral polykineties; intrabuccal kinety composed of 25-34 dikinetids; paroral kineties composed of closely spaced dikinetids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia sinica spec. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cornegenapsylla sinica
B: geleia sinica
C: trisetipsylla sinica
D: hymenoscyphus sinicus
E: chaetospira sinica
F: gelidium sinicola
G: propsilocerus sinicus
H: stephania sinica
I: staurogyne sinica
J: pachybrachis sinuatus
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In light of these new data the "well-known" morphotype, Geleia simplex (Faure-Fremiet, 1951), is redefined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia simplex (faure-fremiet, 1951)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epopella simplex
B: feldmannia simplex
C: sceptuchus simplex
D: ophiotypa simplex
E: geleia simplex
F: callistephanus simplex
G: megorama simplex
H: teuchophorus simplex
I: aproaerema simplexella (gelechia simplexella) (aka aproaerema simplexella)
J: haplochthonius simplex
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kentrophoros flavus Raikov and Kovaleva, 1968 is mainly characterized by having about 33 macronuclei and 12 micronuclei forming a row that extends along the cell meridian, and 12-19 ciliary rows on the right side of the cell.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kentrophoros flavus raikov and kovaleva, 1968'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudohydrobius flavus
B: kaistella flava (ex gargiulo et al. 2008)
C: aquisalinus flavus
D: mycetophila flava
E: friedmanniella flava (aka microlunatus flavus)
F: necrophloeophagus flavus (aka geophilus flavus)
G: aphanochilus flavus (aka vuhuangia flava)
H: clonostachys flava
I: cyanosporus flavus
J: kentrophoros flavus (kentrophoros sp. qd061123) (aka kentrophoros flavus)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kentrophoros gracilis Raikov, 1963 is characterized by having about 14 macronuclei, 13 micronuclei and 10-13 kineties on the right side of the cell.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kentrophoros gracilis raikov, 1963'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mikadonius gracilis
B: arcyptera gracilis (aka stethophyma gracile)
C: cambarincola gracilis
D: kentrophoros graciles (aka kentrophoros gracilis)
E: sphaerolaimus gracilis
F: neoribates gracilis
G: basselinia gracilis (kentia gracilis) (aka basselinia gracilis)
H: kengia gracilis (aka cleistogenes gracilis)
I: keroeides gracilis
J: kniphofia gracilis
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although reduction of tobacco consumption remains the most appropriate strategy to reduce lung-cancer burden, identification of genes involved in the cause of disease could contribute to further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and eventually lead to additional prevention strategies and targeted treatments.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana occidentalis
B: nicotiana
C: nicotianeae
D: leadwort-leaved tobacco (aka nicotiana plumbaginifolia)
E: wood tobacco (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
F: tree tobacco (aka nicotiana glauca)
G: nicotiana sp.
H: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
I: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
J: nicotiana alata (ornamental tobacco) (aka nicotiana alata)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carry the 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI), as do a few strains of Neisseria meningitidis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neisseria gonorrhoeae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus der gonorrhoe (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
B: neisseria gonorrhoeae mia_2011_02_02
C: neisseria gonorrhoeae mu_ng3
D: neisseria gonorrhoeae mu_ng5
E: neisseria gonorrhoeae mu_ng15
F: neisseria gonorrhoeae nyc_2011_05_13
G: neisseria gonorrhoeae alb_2011_03_03
H: neisseria gonorrhoeae mia_2011_05-15
I: neisseria gonorrhoeae nyc_2011_05_07
J: neisseria gonorrhoeae nor_2011_03-06
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carry the 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI), as do a few strains of Neisseria meningitidis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neisseria meningitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neisseria meningitidis n 9/04
B: neisseria meningitidis (group b) (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup b)
C: neisseria meningitidis strain nmb (aka neisseria meningitidis nmb)
D: neisseria meningitidis serogroup y
E: neisseria meningitidis n 16/02
F: neisseria meningitidis strain atcc 13091 (aka neisseria meningitidis atcc 13091)
G: neisseria meningitidis nm165
H: micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis (aka neisseria meningitidis)
I: neisseria meningitidis 2003051
J: neisseria meningitidis (serogroup c) (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup c)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest a model of GGI excision and loss explaining the absence of the GGI from some gonococcal strains and the maintenance of variant GGIs in some gonococcal and meningococcal isolates.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'meningococcal'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neisseria meningitidis group b (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup b)
B: neisseria meningitidis n 16/02
C: neisseria meningitidis serogroup c (neisseria meningitidis (serogroup c)) (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup c)
D: neisseria meningitidis strain nmb (aka neisseria meningitidis nmb)
E: neisseria meningitidis atcc 13091 (neisseria meningitidis strain atcc 13091) (aka neisseria meningitidis atcc 13091)
F: haemophilus meningitidis (aka haemophilus influenzae)
G: neisseria meningitidis serogroup z
H: neisseria meningitidis serogroup y
I: micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis (aka neisseria meningitidis)
J: micrococcus gonorrhoeae (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We assessed the relative influence of variability in recruitment age, dynamic reproductive investment (time-specific reproductive states) and frailty (unobserved differences in survival abilities across individuals) on survival in the black-legged kittiwake.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'black-legged kittiwake'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white helmetshrike (aka prionops plumatus)
B: astur temminckii (aka accipiter melanoleucus temminckii)
C: white-throated snapping turtle (aka elseya albagula)
D: red-eyed crake (aka zapornia atra)
E: pacific parakeet (aka psittacara strenuus)
F: streak-throated fulvetta (aka fulvetta cinereiceps)
G: black kingsnake (aka lampropeltis nigra)
H: ozimops kitcheneri (south-western free-tailed bat) (aka ozimops kitcheneri)
I: black-legged kittiwake (aka rissa tridactyla)
J: black-billed peppershrike (aka cyclarhis nigrirostris)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two biological datasets for Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were analyzed using FungiFun, providing an overview of the usage and functions of the tool.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus subgen. aspergillus
B: aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans (emericella nidulans var. nidulans) (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
C: aspergillus fumigatus var. sclerotiorum
D: aspergillus subgen. fumigati
E: aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus (aspergillus fumigatus var. acolumnaris) (aka aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus)
F: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
G: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
H: aspergillus fumigatus var. albus
I: aspergillus sp. a1
J: aspergillus sp. s
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two biological datasets for Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were analyzed using FungiFun, providing an overview of the usage and functions of the tool.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heteroglymma albicans
B: limneria albicans (aka hyposoter albicans)
C: molanna albicans
D: farigia albicans
E: athletes albicans
F: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
G: procandida albicans (aka candida albicans)
H: fibroporia albicans
I: ozoroa albicans
J: pithecia albicans (white-footed saki) (aka pithecia albicans)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apical buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees at high and low elevation were heated during 2006 and 2007.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'norway spruce'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: siberian spruce (aka picea obovata)
B: pinus abies (aka picea abies)
C: qinghai spruce (aka picea crassifolia)
D: picea abies var. abies
E: sitka spruce (aka picea sitchensis)
F: mexican spruce (aka picea mexicana)
G: sargent spruce (aka picea brachytyla)
H: picea mariana (black spruce) (aka picea mariana)
I: red spruce (aka picea rubens)
J: picea glauca (white spruce) (aka picea glauca)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apical buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees at high and low elevation were heated during 2006 and 2007.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'picea abies'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: abies concolor (picea concolor) (aka abies concolor)
B: picea
C: abies densa
D: picea x fennica (picea abies x picea obovata) (aka picea x fennica)
E: picea glehnii (abies glehnii) (aka picea glehnii)
F: picea spinulosa (abies spinulosa) (aka picea spinulosa)
G: picea montana (aka picea abies)
H: picea lowiana (aka abies lowiana)
I: white spruce (aka picea glauca)
J: piceacecis
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we combined Bayesian multilevel models, path analyses and a model selection procedure to account for these complexities and to decipher the relative effects of host- and environment-related factors on the burden and the pathogenicity of an ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus) on its fish host (Leuciscus leuciscus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leuciscus leuciscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leuciscus sp.
B: chaenomugil leuciscus (aka neomyxus leuciscus)
C: equula leuciscus (aka equulites leuciscus)
D: hemiculter leucisculus (culter leucisculus) (aka hemiculter leucisculus)
E: dace (aka leuciscus leuciscus) (aka leuciscus leuciscus)
F: curimatus leuciscus (aka steindachnerina leuciscus)
G: pristipoma leuciscus (aka haemulopsis leuciscus)
H: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Physiological and morphological adaptations in relation to water use efficiency in Mediterranean accessions of Solanum lycopersicum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'solanum lycopersicum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum horridum
B: solanum lycopersicoides
C: lycopersicon hirsutum (aka solanum habrochaites)
D: solanum chilense (lycopersicon chilense) (aka solanum chilense)
E: solanum canense
F: solanum lignescens
G: solanum pimpinellifolium x solanum lycopersicum
H: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
I: solanum solisii
J: solanum florulentum
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The physiological traits underlying the apparent drought resistance of 'Tomatiga de Ramellet' (TR) cultivars, a population of Mediterranean tomato cultivars with delayed fruit deterioration (DFD) phenotype and typically grown under non-irrigation conditions, are evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum chilense (lycopersicon chilense) (aka solanum chilense)
B: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: currant tomato (aka solanum pimpinellifolium)
D: lycopersicon peruvianum (aka solanum peruvianum)
E: solanum florulentum
F: lycopersicon hirsutum (aka solanum habrochaites)
G: solanum subgen. lycopersicon (lycopersicon) (aka solanum subgen. lycopersicon)
H: tree-tomato (aka solanum betaceum)
I: solanum
J: solanum lycopersicoides
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Eight different tomato accessions were selected and included six TR accessions, one Mediterranean non-TR accession (NTR(M)) and a processing cultivar (NTR(O)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum chmielewskii (lycopersicon chmielevskii) (aka solanum chmielewskii)
B: solanum lycopersicum (lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum) (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: lycopersicon hirsutum (aka solanum habrochaites)
D: peruvian tomato (aka solanum peruvianum)
E: solanum subgen. lycopersicon (lycopersicon) (aka solanum subgen. lycopersicon)
F: solanum chilense (lycopersicon chilense) (aka solanum chilense)
G: tree-tomato (aka solanum betaceum)
H: solanum florulentum
I: solanum lycopersicoides
J: lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (aka solanum pimpinellifolium)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the TR accessions two leaf morphology types, normal divided leaves and potato-leaf, were selected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'potato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chilean potato-tree (aka solanum crispum)
B: sweet potato (aka ipomoea batatas)
C: solanum
D: yam-bean (aka pachyrhizus tuberosus)
E: ipomoea stans
F: potato yam (aka dioscorea bulbifera)
G: solanum insanum (solanum melongena var. insanum) (aka solanum insanum)
H: chinese-potato (aka dioscorea polystachya)
I: potato (aka solanum tuberosum)
J: solanum giganteum
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results confirm the existence of differential traits in the response to drought stress in Mediterranean accessions of tomato, and demonstrate that increases in the g(m)/g(s) ratio would allow improvements in A(N)/g(s) in horticultural crops.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lycopersicon (aka solanum subgen. lycopersicon)
B: solanum
C: solanum chmielewskii (lycopersicon chmielevskii) (aka solanum chmielewskii)
D: currant tomato (aka solanum pimpinellifolium)
E: lycopersicon hirsutum (aka solanum habrochaites)
F: solanum lycopersicoides
G: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
H: tree-tomato (aka solanum betaceum)
I: peruvian tomato (aka solanum peruvianum)
J: solanum chilense (lycopersicon chilense) (aka solanum chilense)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ubiquitous marine Chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta was tested under identical UV-B flux densities coupled with ecologically realistic fluxes of UV-A and visible radiation for 6 and 12 h exposures.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dunaliella tertiolecta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dunaliella sp. ro
B: dunaliella tertiolecta utex lb 999 (aka dunaliella tertiolecta utex 'lb 999')
C: dunaliella sp. lt
D: dunaliella sp.
E: dunaliella bioculata
F: dunaliella tertiolecta
G: dunaliella primolecta
H: dappula tertius
I: hypenetes tertialis (aka pritchardia tertialis)
J: dunaliella
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 13C/12C isotopic signal of day-respired CO2 in variegated leaves of Pelargonium x hortorum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pelargonium x hortorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pelargonium sp. 'x hederaefolium' (aka pelargonium peltatum)
B: pelargonium fragrans (pelargonium x fragrans) (aka pelargonium fragrans)
C: pelargonium x hortorum (pelargonium inquinans x pelargonium zonale) (aka pelargonium x hortorum)
D: pelargonium hirsutum var. carneum (aka pelargonium auritum var. carneum)
E: pelargonium hybrid cultivar
F: pelargonium hermanniifolium
G: pelargonium griseum
H: pelargonium x asperum (pelargonium graveolens x pelargonium radens) (aka pelargonium x asperum)
I: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we applied equations described previously for mesocosm CO(2) exchange to investigate the carbon isotope composition of CO(2) respired by autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues of Pelargonium x hortorum leaves, taking advantage of leaf variegation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pelargonium x hortorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pelargonium hermanniifolium
B: pelargonium graveolens x pelargonium radens (aka pelargonium x asperum)
C: pelargonium hirsutum var. carneum (aka pelargonium auritum var. carneum)
D: pelargonium griseum
E: house geranium (aka pelargonium x hortorum)
F: pelargonium fragrans (pelargonium x fragrans) (aka pelargonium fragrans)
G: pelargonium hybrid cultivar
H: geranium peltatum (aka pelargonium peltatum)
I: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Auxin depletion in barley plants under high-temperature conditions represses DNA proliferation in organelles and nuclei via transcriptional alterations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wood-barley (aka hordelymus europaeus)
B: hordeum vulgare (barley) (aka hordeum vulgare)
C: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
D: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
E: triticum
F: rye (aka secale cereale) (aka secale cereale)
G: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
H: wild rye (aka elymus)
I: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
J: foxtail barley (aka hordeum jubatum)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We recently demonstrated that HT represses the expression of YUCCA auxin biosynthesis genes and reduces endogenous auxin in the developing anthers of barley and Arabidopsis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hordeum (barleys) (aka hordeum)
B: triticum x secale (aka x triticosecale)
C: bread wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
E: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
F: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
G: foxtail barley (aka hordeum jubatum)
H: triticum
I: hordeum brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum (meadow barley) (aka hordeum brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum)
J: rye (aka secale cereale) (aka secale cereale)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that DNA proliferation in mitochondria, chloroplasts and nuclei of developing panicles is inhibited with increasing temperatures in barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
B: hordeum vulgare (barley) (aka hordeum vulgare)
C: secale cereale subsp. cereale (aka secale cereale)
D: triticum
E: wood-barley (aka hordelymus europaeus)
F: domesticated barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
G: foxtail barley (aka hordeum jubatum)
H: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
I: wild rye (aka elymus)
J: meadow barley (aka hordeum brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Experiments with wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana were designed to quantify the influences of parental environment and seed size on growth and development in the next generation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plantago sp. plant
B: thale cress (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
C: plantago (ribworts) (aka plantago)
D: arabidella
E: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis halleri
F: arabidopsis environmental sample
G: arabidopsis arenosa x arabidopsis thaliana
H: plantago africana
I: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis arenosa
J: plantago truncata
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we examine how the vulnerability of xylem to water stress-induced cavitation and the coordination between water transport capacity and assimilation (A) influences diurnal water-use efficiency (WUE) and dry-matter production in Lolium perenne L. - a commercial forage grass.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lolium perenne'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lolium pratense (aka festuca pratensis)
B: festuca lolium (aka agropyropsis lolium)
C: lolium
D: lolium arvense (aka lolium temulentum f. arvense)
E: lolium perenne subsp. perenne
F: lolium sp.
G: lolium x hybridum (lolium hybridum) (aka lolium x hybridum)
H: lolium italicum (aka lolium multiflorum)
I: lolium multiflorum x lolium perenne
J: perennial ryegrass (aka lolium perenne)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec., a gonostomatid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with de novo originating dorsal kineties.
Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
B: glaucomides bromelicola
C: sisyrinchium bromelioides
D: sisyrinchium bromelioides subsp. bromelioides
E: cottiusculus sp. xrl-2015
F: cavichiana bromelicola
G: contarinia bromicola (aka stenodiplosis bromicola)
H: cottus sp. mrc-2008a
I: cottus cf. beldingii klp-2013
J: anyphaena bromelicola
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec., a gonostomatid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with de novo originating dorsal kineties.
Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corythalia bromelicola
B: cavichiana bromelicola
C: orborhabdostyla bromelicola
D: leptopharynx bromelicola
E: cottus sp. mrc-2008b
F: sisyrinchium bromelioides subsp. bromelioides
G: glaucomides bromelicola
H: oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
I: cottus sp. mrc-2008a
J: cottiusculus sp. xrl-2015
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'was discovered in the tanks of the Mexican bromeliad Tillandsia heterophylla.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tillandsia heterophylla'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elsholtzia heterophylla
B: siebera heterophylla (aka platysace heterophylla)
C: scrophularia heterophylla
D: tillandsia heterophylla
E: mauria heterophylla
F: tetrastigma heterophyllum
G: lepidium heterophyllum
H: berkheya heterophylla
I: triandrophyllum heterophyllum (mastigophora heterophylla) (aka triandrophyllum heterophyllum)
J: byttneria heterophylla
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia has many cirral rows on both sides of the body.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottinella
B: cottea
C: cottapistus
D: cotterillia
E: cottendorfia
F: cottidae (cottocomephoridae) (aka cottidae)
G: cottus
H: cottiusculus
I: cottales
J: cottunculus
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Uniquely, and thus used to diagnose the new genus Cotterillia, it has dorsal kineties originating de novo, producing neokinetal waves where the parental dorsal kineties reorganize to "combined rows", consisting of dorsal bristles anteriorly and of cirri posteriorly.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottunculus
B: cotterillia
C: cottiusculus
D: cottus
E: cotta
F: cottapistus
G: cottea
H: cottidae (cottocomephoridae) (aka cottidae)
I: cottoperca
J: cottogaster
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola has a gonostomatid body and adoral zone of membranelles, while the dense ciliature and the neokinetal waves resemble kahliellid hypotrichs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sisyrinchium bromelioides subsp. bromelioides
B: sisyrinchium bromelioides
C: blumeria bromi-cathartici
D: brasilonema bromeliae
E: leptopharynx bromelicola
F: oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
G: aonidiella bromiliae (aka melanaspis bromiliae)
H: corythalia bromelicola
I: alphomelon bromeliphile
J: anyphaena bromelicola
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, the de novo origin of anlage 1 and the molecular analyses show convincingly that Cotterillia belongs to the Gonostomatidae Small and Lynn, 1985, for which an improved diagnosis is provided.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottimorpha (aka cottioidei)
B: cottus sp.
C: cotterillia
D: cottendorfia
E: cotta
F: cottinella
G: cottapistus
H: cottea
I: cottus
J: cottarellicaris
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The molecular differences between Trachelostyla, Gonostomum, and Cotterillia are small (=< 5%) compared to their distinct morphologies and ontogeneses, suggesting that the 18S rDNA underestimates generic diversity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottidae (cottocomephoridae) (aka cottidae)
B: cotteinae
C: cottarellicaris
D: cottoperca
E: cottapistus
F: cottales
G: cotta
H: cottogaster
I: cotterillia
J: cottus
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first full-length message for a VgR from a Lepidopteran insect was cloned and sequenced from the ovary of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (GenBank accession no. GU983858).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spodoptera litura fabricius'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: african cotton leafworm (aka spodoptera littoralis)
B: spodoptera sp. hs-2016
C: spodoptera triturata
D: tabanus spodopterus
E: spodoptera sunia (aka spodoptera albula)
F: pluto littoralis (psenia littoralis) (aka pluto littoralis)
G: spodoptera litura
H: membranoptera fabriciana (sphaerococcus fabricianus) (aka membranoptera fabriciana)
I: spodoptera praefica
J: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'S. litura VgR (SlVgR)comprised two ligand binding sites with four LDLR class A repeats in the first domain and seven in the second domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain containing an LDLR class B repeat and a YWXD motif, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. litura'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leogorrus litura
B: peplomyza litura
C: dendroblatta litura
D: longidorus litchii
E: spodoptera litura
F: rhyzobius litura (coccinella litura) (aka rhyzobius litura)
G: satsuma litus (satsuma nux litus) (aka satsuma litus)
H: teuchocnemis lituratus (pterallastes lituratus) (aka teuchocnemis lituratus)
I: tramitichromis lituris (lethrinops lituris) (aka tramitichromis lituris)
J: spatholobus littoralis
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested these hypotheses by using populations of rice frogs Rana limnocharis on 20 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago and two sites of nearby mainland China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rana limnocharis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paederus limnophilus
B: doassansia limnocharidis (aka doassansiopsis limnocharidis)
C: hill-forest frog (aka limnonectes hascheanus)
D: cyrtandra limnophila
E: rivulet frog (aka limnonectes khasianus)
F: ephoron limnobium
G: rough-backed river frog (aka limnonectes ibanorum)
H: euphlyctis limnocharis (aka fejervarya limnocharis)
I: rennera limnophila (aka pentzia limnophila)
J: protoopalina (longicorpus) limnocharis (aka protoopalina limnocharis)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oramoeba fumarolia gen. nov., sp. nov., a new marine heterolobosean amoeboflagellate growing at 54 ^0C.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oramoeba fumarolia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gimesia fumaroli
B: parapartamona fumata
C: soriculus fumidus (aka pseudosoriculus fumidus)
D: leptusa fumida
E: temnora fumosa
F: pyrocoelia fumosa
G: paracoenia fumosa
H: boletus fumosus (aka bjerkandera fumosa)
I: rissoia fumata (aka subonoba fumata)
J: oramoeba fumarolia
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'stachyamoeba sp. atcc50324'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stachyamoeba sp.
B: cercospora sp. kacc 42654
C: kluyvera sp. scu-b34
D: stachybotrys sp. hgup 0854
E: varicosporina sp. atcc mya-3624
F: stachybotrys sp. sta_38
G: cercospora sp. cpc 15844
H: stachybotrys sp. wd-2024a
I: stachyamoeba sp. atcc 50324
J: helobdella cf. stagnalis ak-2019
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vrihiamoeba italica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dracosciadium italae
B: ophiobolopsis italica
C: lachnaia italica
D: soikiella italica
E: naegleria italica
F: arthrinium italicum (aka apiospora italica)
G: paracucurbitaria italica
H: molge italica (aka lissotriton italicus)
I: reicheia italica
J: keissleriella italica
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: indica rice (aka oryza sativa indica group)
B: common wild rice (aka oryza rufipogon)
C: oryza sativa aus (aka oryza sativa aus subgroup)
D: rice (aka oryza sativa) (aka oryza sativa)
E: ricefishes (aka oryziinae)
F: oryza
G: oryza sativa subsp. japonica (aka oryza sativa japonica group)
H: oryzopsis (ricegrass) (aka oryzopsis)
I: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because of the unique place in the molecular phylogenetic tree, and because there is no species found in the literature with similar morphological and physiological characteristics, this isolate is considered to be a new genus and a new species, Oramoeba fumarolia gen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oramoeba fumarolia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subonoba fumata (onoba fumata (suter, 1898)) (aka subonoba fumata)
B: bjerkandera fumosa (boletus fumosus) (aka bjerkandera fumosa)
C: soriculus fumidus (aka pseudosoriculus fumidus)
D: neobacillus fumarioli (bacillus fumarioli) (aka neobacillus fumarioli)
E: parapartamona fumata
F: paracoenia fumosa
G: aspicilia fumosa
H: oramoeba fumarolia
I: spicaria fumosa (aka sporendocladia fumosa)
J: pyrocoelia fumosa
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Candida albicans Rgd1 is a RhoGAP protein involved in the control of filamentous growth.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
B: ozoroa albicans
C: heteroglymma albicans
D: parasaccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: fibroporia albicans
F: athletes albicans
G: farigia albicans
H: molanna albicans
I: limneria albicans (aka hyposoter albicans)
J: pithecia albicans (white-footed saki) (aka pithecia albicans)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We investigated the role of Rgd1 RhoGAP, encoded by the Candida albicans RGD1 gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
B: limneria albicans (aka hyposoter albicans)
C: athletes albicans
D: molanna albicans
E: farigia albicans
F: pithecia albicans (white-footed saki) (aka pithecia albicans)
G: monilia albicans (aka candida albicans)
H: heteroglymma albicans
I: ozoroa albicans
J: fibroporia albicans
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Deletion of RGD1 in C. albicans results in sensitivity to low pH as already described for rgd1Delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: limneria albicans (aka hyposoter albicans)
B: athletes albicans
C: fibroporia albicans
D: heteroglymma albicans
E: farigia albicans
F: molanna albicans
G: ozoroa albicans
H: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
I: candida albicans 12c
J: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Deletion of RGD1 in C. albicans results in sensitivity to low pH as already described for rgd1Delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces sp. cect 1990
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
F: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
G: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
H: saccharomyces mikatae x saccharomyces uvarum
I: saccharomyces paradoxus
J: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrate that Rgd1 is critical for filamentous formation in C. albicans especially for filamentous elongation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: farigia albicans
B: limneria albicans (aka hyposoter albicans)
C: fibroporia albicans
D: candida albicans 12c
E: molanna albicans
F: athletes albicans
G: ozoroa albicans
H: heteroglymma albicans
I: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
J: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The validation of a real-time RT-PCR assay which detects influenza A and types simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir-resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/07/2014(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/06/2016(h1n1))
D: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2016(h1n1))
E: influenza a virus (a/rhode island/07/2016(h1n1))
F: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/05/2016(h1n1))
G: influenza a virus (a/maine/07/2016(h1n1))
H: influenza a virus (a/macau/1796/2008(h1n1))
I: influenza a virus (a/gansu chengguan/1798/2008(h1n1))
J: influenza a virus (a/california/nhrc_nmcsd0075/2016(h1n1))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unidentified subtype (aka influenza a virus with incomplete names)
B: recombinant influenza a viruses
C: arboviruses group a (aka alphavirus)
D: influenza virus sp. (aka unidentified influenza virus)
E: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
F: fluruvirus
G: influenza a virus (strain a/wa-182)
H: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
I: seahorse influenza-like virus
J: alphainfluenzavirus influenzae
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/07/2014(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/05/2016(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2016(h1n1))
D: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/01/2015(h1n1))
E: h1n1 swine influenza virus
F: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/06/2016(h1n1))
G: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
H: influenza a virus (a/rhode island/07/2016(h1n1))
I: influenza a virus (a/wsn(h1n1)) (influenza a virus (a/wsn/(h1n1))) (aka influenza a virus (a/wsn(h1n1)))
J: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h1n1 swine influenza virus
B: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/01/2010(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/07/2014(h1n1))
D: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
E: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/05/2017(h1n1))
F: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2016(h1n1))
G: influenza a virus (a/gansu chengguan/1798/2008(h1n1))
H: influenza a virus (a/maine/07/2016(h1n1))
I: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
J: influenza a virus (a/macau/1796/2008(h1n1))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This multiplex assay will allow laboratories to screen respiratory samples for all types of influenza A,', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
B: influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
C: alphavirus (arboviruses group a) (aka alphavirus)
D: influenza a virus unidentified subtype (aka influenza a virus with incomplete names)
E: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
F: influenza a virus (a/china)
G: fluruvirus
H: alphainfluenzavirus influenzae
I: influenza a virus (strain a/wa-182)
J: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus in a rapid and cost effective format, ensuring that typing methods for seasonal and avian viruses are used on a smaller subset of samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/05/2017(h1n1))
B: h1n1 swine influenza virus
C: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2016(h1n1))
D: influenza a virus (a/gansu chengguan/1798/2008(h1n1))
E: influenza a virus (a/missouri/07/2016(h1n1))
F: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/01/2015(h1n1))
G: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
H: influenza a virus (a/maine/07/2016(h1n1))
I: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/06/2016(h1n1))
J: influenza a virus (a/rhode island/07/2016(h1n1))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus in a rapid and cost effective format, ensuring that typing methods for seasonal and avian viruses are used on a smaller subset of samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/gansu chengguan/1798/2008(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/01/2010(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/maine/07/2016(h1n1))
D: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
E: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2016(h1n1))
F: influenza a virus (a/wsn(h1n1)) (influenza a virus (a/wsn/(h1n1))) (aka influenza a virus (a/wsn(h1n1)))
G: influenza a virus (a/california/nhrc_nmcsd0075/2016(h1n1))
H: h1n1 swine influenza virus
I: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/05/2017(h1n1))
J: influenza a virus (a/new hampshire/06/2016(h1n1))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'newcastle disease virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus (strain d26/76) (aka newcastle disease virus strain d26/76)
B: newcastle disease virus (strain bor74) (aka newcastle disease virus strain bor74)
C: newcastle disease virus ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: newcastle disease virus (strain australia-victoria/32)
E: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
F: newcastle disease virus (strain b1/48) (aka newcastle disease virus b1/48)
G: newcastle disease virus strain b1 (aka newcastle disease virus b1)
H: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
I: newcastle disease virus (strain kansas)
J: newcastle disease virus (strain 3/91)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallacoccus
B: avian (aka aves)
C: arilus gallus
D: gallus
E: gallus sp.
F: gallispira (aka candidatus gallispira)
G: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
H: miletus gallus gallus
I: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
J: gallio
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'newcastle disease virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus (strain australia-victoria/32)
B: newcastle disease virus class 1
C: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
D: exotic newcastle disease virus (newcastle disease virus end strain) (aka exotic newcastle disease virus)
E: newcastle disease virus ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
F: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
G: newcastle disease virus (isolate af2240) (aka newcastle disease virus af2240)
H: newcastle disease virus (strain texas g.b./48)
I: newcastle disease virus b1 (newcastle disease virus strain b1) (aka newcastle disease virus b1)
J: newcastle disease virus (strain kansas)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus class 1
B: newcastle disease virus (strain kansas)
C: noveria virus
D: ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1) (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
E: birdsnestvirus birdsnest
F: galleria mellonella densovirus
G: de nodal virus
H: newcastle disease virus (isolate af2240) (aka newcastle disease virus af2240)
I: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
J: birdsnestvirus
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'poultry'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: landfowls (aka galliformes)
B: arilus gallus
C: fopius
D: gallus sp.
E: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
F: gallasellus
G: gallispira (aka candidatus gallispira)
H: galleria
I: gallio
J: avian (aka aves)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR techniques were compared for the detection of NDV genome replication in 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) using the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the virus as a target.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: birdsnestvirus
B: newcastle disease virus (isolate af2240) (aka newcastle disease virus af2240)
C: newcastle disease virus (strain texas g.b./48)
D: newcastle disease virus (strain kansas)
E: de nodal virus
F: newcastle disease virus (strain d26/76) (aka newcastle disease virus strain d26/76)
G: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
H: newcastle disease virus end strain (aka exotic newcastle disease virus)
I: ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1) (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
J: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR techniques were compared for the detection of NDV genome replication in 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) using the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the virus as a target.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallasellus
B: miletus gallus gallus
C: gallus
D: cancer gallus (aka calappa gallus)
E: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
F: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
G: landfowls (aka galliformes)
H: gallorhynchus
I: arilus gallus
J: gallacoccus
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results suggest that at least two to fourfold increase in cycle threshold (C(t)) values over the baseline C(t) value of samples lacking infectious virus, would indicate live NDV replication.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus (strain bor74) (aka newcastle disease virus strain bor74)
B: newcastle disease virus (strain kansas)
C: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
D: exotic newcastle disease virus (newcastle disease virus end strain) (aka exotic newcastle disease virus)
E: newcastle disease virus (strain d26/76) (aka newcastle disease virus strain d26/76)
F: noveria virus
G: birdsnestvirus birdsnest
H: de nodal virus
I: newcastle disease virus (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
J: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The limit of detection of NDV replication using qRT-PCR was 1x10(4.0) mean embryo infective doses (EID(50)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: galleria mellonella densovirus
B: newcastle disease virus (strain texas g.b./48)
C: ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1) (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: newcastle disease virus (strain bor74) (aka newcastle disease virus strain bor74)
E: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
F: newcastle disease virus end strain (aka exotic newcastle disease virus)
G: newcastle disease virus (isolate af2240) (aka newcastle disease virus af2240)
H: newcastle disease virus strain b1 (aka newcastle disease virus b1)
I: birdsnestvirus
J: newcastle disease virus (strain texas)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Individual trees were co-inoculated to create mixed infections and all four pome fruit viroids and both stone fruit viroids could be detected in pear and peach trees, respectively, using the polyprobe.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peach'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peach (aka prunus persica)
B: white pea (aka lathyrus sativus)
C: peayanus
D: prunella vulgaris (self-heal) (aka prunella vulgaris)
E: red pea (aka lathyrus cicera)
F: prunella vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
G: pealius
H: marsh pea (aka lathyrus palustris)
I: prunum
J: peafowls (aka pavo)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the most extreme case, 75% of a Blastomyces dermatitidis genome had suffered conspicuous GC-depletion, all of it in the non-coding fraction.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blastomyces dermatitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nannizziopsis dermatitidis
B: ajellomyces dermatitidis atcc 26199 (aka blastomyces dermatitidis atcc 26199)
C: blastomyces dermatitidis atcc18187 (aka blastomyces dermatitidis atcc 18187)
D: trichosporon dermatis (aka cutaneotrichosporon dermatis)
E: exophiala dermatitidis (hormiscium dermatitidis) (aka exophiala dermatitidis)
F: blastomyces dermatitidis atcc 18188 (ajellomyces dermatitidis atcc 18188) (aka blastomyces dermatitidis atcc 18188)
G: aleurisma dermatitidis (aka xerochrysium dermatitidis)
H: blastomycoides dermatitidis (aka blastomyces dermatitidis)
I: atinomyces dermatonomus (aka dermatophilus congolensis)
J: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Only one species, Chaetomium globosum, showed no evidence of directional mutation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chaetomium globosum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chaetomium cf. globosum
B: gymnosporangium globosum (aecidium globosum) (aka gymnosporangium globosum)
C: conophytum globosum
D: chaetomium rectum (aka chaetomium globosum)
E: chaetomium globosum var. rectum
F: rhexothecium globosum
G: brachymenium globosum
H: leptographium globosum
I: chaetosphaeridium globosum (herposteiron globosus) (aka chaetosphaeridium globosum)
J: leiobunum globosum
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ste50 adaptor protein governs sexual differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans via the pheromone-response MAPK signaling pathway.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cryptococcus neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
B: cryptococcus neoformans serotype d (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
C: cryptococcus neoformans a1-vivo
D: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
E: cryptococcus neoformans hc1
F: debaryomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
G: cryptococcus neoformans a/d (aka cryptococcus neoformans ad hybrid)
H: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
I: cryptococcus neoformans c2
J: cryptococcus neoformans g0
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we characterized a Cryptococcus neoformans gene, which is homologous to the yeast Ste50 that is known to play an important role in mating pheromone response and stress response as an adaptor protein to the Ste11 MAPK kinase kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cryptococcus neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans a1-vivo
B: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
C: cryptococcus neoformans c2
D: cryptococcus neoformans a/d (aka cryptococcus neoformans ad hybrid)
E: cryptococcus neoformans hc1
F: blastomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
G: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
H: cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans) (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
I: cryptococcus neoformans g0
J: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we characterized a Cryptococcus neoformans gene, which is homologous to the yeast Ste50 that is known to play an important role in mating pheromone response and stress response as an adaptor protein to the Ste11 MAPK kinase kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces mikatae x saccharomyces uvarum
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: megasphaera cerevisiae
G: saccharomyces sp.
H: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
I: saccharomyces sp. cect 1990
J: saccharomyces cerevisiae fleischmanns baking yeast
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The C. neoformans Ste50 was not involved in any of the stress responses or virulence factor production (capsule and melanin) that are controlled by the HOG and Ras/cAMP signaling pathways.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans a1-vivo
B: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
C: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
D: filobasidiella neoformans kwon-chung, 1976 (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
E: cryptococcus neoformans c2
F: cryptococcus neoformans g0
G: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
H: cryptococcus neoformans hc1
I: cryptococcus neoformans a/d (aka cryptococcus neoformans ad hybrid)
J: filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, Ste50 was required for mating in both serotype A and serotype D C. neoformans strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'serotype a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genusanic_a (aka tortricidae gen. anic_a)
B: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
C: streptococcus sp. (group a) (aka streptococcus sp. 'group a')
D: coxsackievirus a (aka enterovirus a)
E: subgroup a
F: measles morbillivirus genotype a (aka measles virus genotype a)
G: rhinovirus a (human rhinovirus a) (aka rhinovirus a)
H: alphavirus (arboviruses group a) (aka alphavirus)
I: alphaea
J: neisseria meningitidis serogroup a (neisseria meningitidis (serogroup a)) (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup a)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, Ste50 was required for mating in both serotype A and serotype D C. neoformans strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'serotype d c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans c2
B: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
C: debaryomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
D: cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans) (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
E: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
F: cryptococcus neoformans c23
G: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii t4
H: cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype d jec21 (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans jec21)
I: cryptococcus neoformans s4
J: cryptococcus neoformans a/d (aka cryptococcus neoformans ad hybrid)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Regardless of the presence of the basidiomycota-specific SH3 domains of Ste50 that are known to be required for full virulence of Ustilago maydis, Ste50 was dispensable for virulence of C. neoformans in a murine model of cryptococcosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ustilago maydis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uredo maydis (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
B: peronosclerospora maydis (peronospora maydis) (aka peronosclerospora maydis)
C: ramulispora sorghi f. maydis (cercospora sorghi var. maydis) (aka ramulispora sorghi f. maydis)
D: ustilago esculenta
E: didymella maydis (yellow leaf blight of maize) (aka didymella maydis)
F: bipolaris maydis (southern corn leaf blight pathogen) (aka bipolaris maydis)
G: ustilago avenae (ustilago aegilopsidis) (aka ustilago avenae)
H: ustilago maydis virus
I: ustilago levis x avenae
J: ustilago levis
K: None of the above. | A |
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