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Black and Greene Records Black and Greene Records is an independent record label that was founded in 2004 by David Greene and Jeremy Black (Apollo Sunshine). Black & Greene Records is located, run and operated out of Los Angeles, California and San Francisco. The label works exclusively with Coyote Hearing Studios co-run by Jeremy Black. The label's bands have been showcased on HBO's Eastbound & Down and 90210 as well as various other television, film and commercial projects. In 2010, the label has begun recording the 3rd Drug Rug album as well as adding additional acts to its roster.
Willing to Kill: The Texas Cheerleader Story Willing to Kill: The Texas Cheerleader Story is a 1992 American television film directed by David Greene. It stars Lesley Ann Warren and Tess Harper. It was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1993.
Hard Country (film) Hard Country is a 1981 American drama film directed by David Greene and starring Jan-Michael Vincent, Kim Basinger, and Michael Parks. Written by Michael Kane and Michael Martin Murphey, the film is about a young woman who longs to escape the limitations of life in a small Texas town to pursue her dreams. She is prevented from leaving by her factory worker boyfriend who does not want her to move to the big city. The film features appearances by country music artists Tanya Tucker and Michael Martin Murphey.
The Shuttered Room The Shuttered Room is a 1967 British horror film directed by David Greene and starring Gig Young and Carol Lynley as a couple who move into a house with dark secrets. It is based on a short story of the same name by August Derleth and H. P. Lovecraft. The film has also been re-released under the title "Blood Island".
What Ever Happened to... What Ever Happened to... is a 1991 American made-for-television thriller drama film directed by David Greene and adapted for the small screen by Brian Taggert, based on the novel "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" by Henry Farrell and the 1962 theatrical film of the same name. It stars real-life sisters Lynn Redgrave as Baby Jane Hudson and Vanessa Redgrave as Blanche Hudson, in the roles previously played by Bette Davis and Joan Crawford in the 1962 adaptation.
1981 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics' 1981 season saw the A's finish with an overall record of 64 wins and 45 losses. They finished the season with the best record in the American League (and second best in all of baseball). Due to the infamous 1981 players strike, the league resorted to a split-season format; this new format saw the winners of both halves of the season playing in the first divisional playoff in MLB history. The A's qualified by posting the AL West's best record in the first half of the season. While they swept the Kansas City Royals in the AL West playoff, they were themselves swept by the New York Yankees in the 1981 American League Championship Series.
Piercing point In geology, a piercing point is defined as a feature (usually a geologic feature, preferably a linear feature) that is cut by a fault, then moved apart. Reconfiguring the piercing point back in its original position is the primary way geologists can find out the minimum slip, or displacement, along a fault. This can be done on a large scale (over many kilometers), a small scale (inside a single outcrop or fault trench) or even a single hand sample/rock (see image).
Ellerslie, Edmonton Ellerslie is a residential neighbourhood in southeast Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. While City of Edmonton documents note that there are diverse stories related to Scottish settlers introducing the name Ellerslie, it is known that the name was applied to the local school district by 1895, and to the local post office in 1896, when it was still a rural area many kilometers south of the early boundaries of the recently (1892) incorporated Town of Edmonton.
Fissure vent A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure or eruption fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time the eruption builds up spatter resp. ash cones and may concentrate on one or some of them. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows (see Laki) or the canyons (see Eldgjá) built up by some of them are.
Ellerslie, Edmonton (area) Ellerslie is an area in the southeast portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1999 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Ellerslie Area Structure Plan, which guides the overall development of predominantly residential neighbourhoods in the area. While City of Edmonton documents note that there are diverse stories related to Scottish settlers introducing the name Ellerslie, it is known that the name was applied to the local school district by 1895, and to the local post office in 1896, when it was still a rural area many kilometers south of the early boundaries of the recently (1892) incorporated Town of Edmonton.
Siju Cave Siju Cave is located in Meghalaya state near Naphak Lane and Simsang River game reserve. It is a limestone cave. The Cave is filled with water and is many kilometers long. It is considered as the third longest cave system in India. In 1927 it was found that the caves have a temperature of 21–26.4 °C.
Sabrina Mockenhaupt Sabrina Mockenhaupt (born 6 December 1980 in Siegen) is a German long-distance runner who specialises in track events and the marathon. She is a two-time winner of the Cologne Marathon and has also won the Frankfurt Marathon and the Berlin Half Marathon. She represented Germany at the 2004, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics and was the 3000 metres bronze medallist at the 2005 European Indoor Championships. She has a marathon best of 2:26:21, set at the 2010 Berlin Marathon.
Telial stage The Telial stage is one of the stages in the life cycle of a parasitic heteroecious fungus. It is discernible by the formation of large teliospores that the fungi produces to overwinter. The telial stage of heteroecious parasitic fungi is spent on the secondary host plant. A primary aecial stage is spent parasitizing a separate host plant which is a precursor in the life cycle of heteroecious fungi. Spores are released from the telia in the spring. The spores can spread many kilometers through the air, however most are spread near the host plant (Brand, 2004).
Palmason Model The Palmason Model is a depth, distance, temperature and heat flow gradient model of crustal accretion mechanism through the Iceland lithosphere which denotes the spreading material trajectories from a rift axis. The material erupting at the rift axis will tend to sink down, due to thermal subsidience and spreading, to a depth of many kilometers, while lava flows spreading to a distance of many kilometers away from the rift axis on the surface will sink down to shallower depth. Surface erosion can expose such preserved materials.
Skyway A skyway, skybridge, or skywalk is a type of pedway consisting of an enclosed or covered footbridge between two or more buildings in an urban area. This protects pedestrians from the weather. In North America skyways are usually owned by businesses, and are therefore not public spaces (compare with sidewalk). However, in Asia, such as Bangkok's and Hong Kong's skywalks, they are built and owned separately by the city government, connecting between privately run rail stations or other transport with their own footbridges, and run many kilometers. Skyways usually connect on the first few floors above the ground-level floor, though they are sometimes much higher, as in Petronas Towers. The space in the buildings connected by skyways is often devoted to retail business, so areas around the skyway may operate as a shopping mall. Non-commercial areas with closely associated buildings, such as university campuses, can often have skyways and/or tunnels connecting buildings.
Out of My League "Out of My League" is a song recorded by American band Fitz and The Tantrums and produced by Tony Hoffer. The song is the lead single from the band's second studio album, "More Than Just a Dream". "Out of My League" was released as a single on February 7, 2013. The song became the group's first number one hit on the Alternative Songs chart, as well as making history for completing the slowest climb to the summit of the chart, at 33 weeks.
James King (musician) James King is an American multi-instrumentalist who is a cofounder for soul band Fitz and The Tantrums. In 2008, he was approached by college friend Michael Fitzpatrick to play saxophone on a few songs that he had written which turned out to be the beginnings of Fitz and The Tantrums. King recommended Noelle Scaggs and other musicians. They performed for the first time a week later at Hollywood's Hotel Café, They released their debut EP "Songs for a Breakup, Vol. 1" in August 2009, and the tracks soon received airplay on public radio station KCRW in Los Angeles.
HandClap "HandClap" is a song recorded by American indie pop band Fitz and The Tantrums. The song was released as the lead single from their self-titled album "Fitz and the Tantrums" on March 25, 2016 through Elektra Records. It is their highest-charting song on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 53.
Songs for a Breakup, Vol. 1 Songs for a Break Up: Vol. 1 is the debut studio EP by the American indie rock band Fitz and The Tantrums, released on August 11, 2009 through Canyon Productions. It was re-released in 2010 when the band signed to Dangerbird Records.
Fitz and The Tantrums Fitz and The Tantrums (FATT) is an American indie pop and neo soul band from Los Angeles that formed in 2008. The band consists of Michael Fitzpatrick (lead vocals), Noelle Scaggs (co-lead vocals and percussion), James King (saxophone, flute, keyboard, percussion and guitar), Joseph Karnes (bass guitar), Jeremy Ruzumna (keyboards) and John Wicks (drums and percussion). Their debut studio album, "Pickin' Up the Pieces", was released in August 2010 on indie label Dangerbird Records and received critical acclaim. It reached No. 1 on the "Billboard" Heatseekers chart. The band signed to their current label Elektra Records in early 2013 and went on to release their sophomore LP, "More Than Just a Dream," on May 7, 2013. Their self-titled third album was released on June 10, 2016.
16th Annual Honda Civic Tour The 16th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour headlined by American rock band OneRepublic. Sponsored by Honda and produced by Marketing Factory, the tour also features Fitz and The Tantrums and James Arthur. The tour began on July 7, 2017 in Kansas City and concluded on September 27, 2017 in Shanghai.
Fitz and the Tantrums discography The following is the discography of Fitz and The Tantrums, a Los Angeles-based indie pop band formed in 2008 by Michael Fitzpatrick (lead vocals).
The Walker (song) "The Walker" is a song by the American neo soul band Fitz and The Tantrums. It is the second single from the band's second album "More Than Just a Dream". The song was used in the trailers for the movies "The Boxtrolls" and "Storks", in the trailer for video game "The Sims 4", in television commercials for the 86th Academy Awards that were hosted by Ellen DeGeneres, in the 2014 Major League Baseball postseason and in commercials for Sprite, Supercuts, Reebok ZQuick and Walmart. In 2014, the song started being used as the opening theme to the MLB Network show "High Heat", hosted by Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo. The song is also featured in the pilot episode of the FOX television sitcom "Grandfathered". It has also been used in the soundtrack of the video game "NBA 2K18".
Live from Daryl's House Live from Daryl's House (simply known as Daryl's House, and often abbreviated as LFDH) is an online series that was first created in fall 2007. The show features singer-songwriter Daryl Hall performing with his band and various guest artists at his home in Millerton, New York. The show provides a performance space that is an alternative to live concerts and studio sessions for popular artists. This allows the artists to "…have fun and [be] creatively spontaneous". The majority of shows include a segment in which Hall and the guest artist prepare food from different cuisines for everyone to eat. The food comes from various local restaurants and the chefs of those establishments walk Hall and guest through the preparation of the food. "Live From Daryl's House" expanded to broadcast TV but remained unchanged. Hall was quoted by Billboard.com as saying "it's an Internet show that is being shown on television, so I'm not adapting the show at all in any way to be a 'TV' show." The show debuted in 95 markets on September 24, 2011, with back-to-back half-hour episodes featuring Train (Episode 33) and Fitz & the Tantrums (Episode 35). Starting with the 66th episode of "Live From Daryl's House", the shows are filmed at Hall's club, Daryl's House, in Pawling, New York.
Michael Fitzpatrick (musician) Michael Sean "Fitz" Fitzpatrick (born July 21, 1970) is a French-American musician and singer-songwriter who is the lead vocalist of the indie pop and neo-soul band Fitz and The Tantrums.
China Airlines China Airlines (CAL) () () is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is headquartered in Taoyuan International Airport and has 12,607 regular employees. China Airlines operates over 1,400 flights weekly to 118 airports in 115 cities (including codeshare) across Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. The cargo division operates 91 pure freighter flights weekly. The carrier was, in 2013, the 29th and 10th largest airline in the world in terms of passenger revenue per kilometer (RPK) and freight RPK, respectively. China Airlines has three airline subsidiaries: Mandarin Airlines operates flights to domestic and low-demand regional destinations; China Airlines Cargo, a member of Skyteam Cargo, operates a fleet of freighter aircraft and manages its parent airline's cargo-hold capacity; Tigerair Taiwan is a low-cost carrier established by China Airlines and Singaporean airline group Tigerair Holdings and is wholly owned by China Airlines Group.
Hawaiian Airlines Hawaiian Airlines (Hawaiian: "" ) is the largest airline in Hawaii. It is the 8th largest commercial airline in the US, and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Honolulu International Airport and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia and the United States Mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned by Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. of which Mark Dunkerley is the current President and Chief Executive Officer.
Taichung International Airport Taichung International Airport () (IATA: RMQ, ICAO: RCMQ) , previously known as Ching Chuan Kang Airport (), is an international airport located in Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC) for both commercial and military purposes. It is also the third international airport in Taiwan, with scheduled services to Mainland China, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
AirAsia AirAsia Berhad () is a Malaysian low-cost airline headquartered near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the largest airline in Malaysia by fleet size and destinations. AirAsia Group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to more than 165 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is klia2, the low-cost carrier terminal at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Its affiliate airlines Thai AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia, Philippines AirAsia, and AirAsia India have hubs in Don Mueang International Airport, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Ninoy Aquino International Airport, and Kempegowda International Airport respectively, while its sister airline, AirAsia X, focuses on long-haul routes. AirAsia's registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.
2007 Baseball World Cup The XXXVII International Baseball Federation (IBAF) Baseball World Cup was held in the Republic of China (Taiwan, competing under the name of Chinese Taipei) from November 6 through November 18, 2007. Four stadiums hosted. Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium and Taichung Baseball Field in Taichung City, Tianmu Baseball Stadium in Taipei City and Sinjhuang City all played host to the tournament. Sixteen teams participated. At one time, Venezuela’s participation was in question due to possible sanctions to be considered by the International Baseball Federation in the wake of their refusal to grant visas to a youth team from Taichung to participate in the Youth World Baseball championships in August, 2007, but they were allowed to participate. China was originally scheduled to participate in Pool B, but dropped out and was replaced by Thailand, who placed fifth behind China at the Asian Games.
Blue Line (Taichung Metro) The Taichung BRT Blue Line (Chinese: 臺中快捷巴士) was a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system located in Taichung which stretched from Taichung Station to Providence University on the main road, Taiwan Boulevard. The line was 17.1 km in length with 21 stations. It was the first BRT line in Taiwan. The line was converted to dedicated bus lane for conventional buses on July 8, 2015 and the BRT is no longer in operation.
Mandarin Airlines Mandarin Airlines () is an airline based in Taipei, Taiwan, whose parent company is China Airlines. The Taiwanese carrier operates domestic and regional international flights, while its parent company focuses on international operations. Charter services are also operated by the company. Its other main hub is the Taichung Airport.
Taichung County Taichung County was a county in central Taiwan, the Republic of China, that surrounded but did not include the former Taichung City. The county capital was Fengyuan. The name "Taichung" means "central Taiwan".
Jet Airways Jet Airways (Hindi: जेट एयरवेज , "Jet Eyaravej") is a major Indian international airline based in Mumbai. In July 2017, it was the second largest airline in India after IndiGo with an 18.2% passenger market share. It operates over 300 flights daily to 68 destinations worldwide from its main hub at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport and secondary hubs at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Chennai International Airport, Indira Gandhi International Airport, Kempegowda International Airport and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport.
History of British Airways British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. British Airways was considered the largest UK airline by passenger numbers from its creation in 1974 until 2008, when it was displaced by low-cost rival EasyJet. Since its inception, British Airways has been centred at its main hub at London Heathrow Airport, with a second major hub at London Gatwick Airport.
189th Ohio Infantry The 189th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 189th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
List of Massachusetts Senate delegations The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. Descended from the colonial legislature, the current Massachusetts Senate was established in June 1780 upon the adoption of the Massachusetts Constitution. The first General Court met in October 1780 and consisted of one-year elected terms for both houses. This was expanded to two-year terms starting with the 142nd General Court in January 1921. The current delegation is the 187th General Court (2011–2012), consisting of 36 Democrats (D) and 4 Republicans (R).
The Big Premiere The Big Premiere is a 1940 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Edward Cahn. It was the 188th "Our Gang" short (189th episode, 100th talking short, 101st talking episode, and 20th MGM produced episode) that was released.
Rockwood/East 188th Avenue MAX Station Rockwood/East 188th Avenue is a MAX light rail station in Gresham, Oregon. It serves the Blue Line and is the 21st stop eastbound on the eastside MAX branch. The station is at the intersection of Southeast 188th Avenue and Burnside Street, within the Rockwood neighborhood. This station is a hub for bus service to Gateway Transit Center and Gresham Transit Center.
189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States) The 189th Field Artillery Regiment, today consists of 1st Battalion, 189th Field Artillery Regiment, and 2nd Battalion (General Services) Field Artillery Regiment which are headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was a part of the 45th Infantry Division, Oklahoma Army National Guard. The Regiment only retains its affiliation with the Field Artillery branch for purposes of history and lineage and is the core cadre and leadership of the Oklahoma Regional Training Institute (OKRTI). Its parent unit is the Joint Force Headquarters of the Oklahoma Army National Guard.
188th Ohio Infantry The 188th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 188th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Brian Mannal Brian Mannal is an American politician, attorney, and artist from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Mannal was a member of the 188th and 189th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts state legislature, representing the "Second Barnstable District" in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. The Second Barnstable District is located on Cape Cod, and includes Barnstable Precincts 2-10 & 13 and Yarmouth Precincts 5 & 6. Mannal is a member of the Democratic Party.
189th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF The 189th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Fraserville, Quebec, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in eastern Quebec. After sailing to England in September 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 69th Overseas Battalion, CEF on October 6, 1916. The 189th Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. P. A. Piuze.
188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF The 188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 throughout northern Saskatchewan. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on January 4, 1917. The 188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. S. J. Donaldson.
Reno Stead Airport Reno/Stead Airport (ICAO: KRTS) is a large public and military general aviation airport located in the North Valleys area, 10 nautical miles (19 km) northwest of the central business district of Reno, in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. A former military installation until 1966, when it was known as Stead Air Force Base, the airport's sole remaining military presence consists of an Army Aviation Support Facility and the 189th General Support Aviation Battalion of the Nevada Army National Guard, flying CH-47 Chinook helicopters. The airport is owned by the Reno Tahoe Airport Authority. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation "reliever airport".
Arthur Turner (footballer, born 1909) Arthur Owen Turner (1 April 1909 – 12 January 1994) was an English professional association football player and manager. He played as a centre-half for Stoke City, Birmingham City and Southport. Turner was player-manager of Southport, managed Crewe Alexandra and was assistant at Stoke before joining Birmingham City as manager. He won the Second Division championship in 1954–55, led them the following season to the 1956 FA Cup Final and their highest ever top flight finish, and became the first man to manage an English club side in European competition when he took the club to the semi-final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1958. Turner went on to manage the transformation of Southern League club Headington United into Oxford United of the Second Division of the Football League.
Gareth Evans (footballer, born 1967) Gareth John Evans (born 14 January 1967) is an English football player and coach. He played for Coventry City, Rotherham United, Hibernian, Stoke City, Northampton Town, Partick Thistle, Airdrie and Alloa Athletic. Evans has been the caretaker manager of Hibernian and Livingston, and was head coach of the Scotland women's under-19 national team for four years.
Neil Baldwin (Keele University) Neil Baldwin (born 15 March 1946) is an honorary graduate of Keele University from Westlands in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. He is a registered clown and also worked for Stoke City Football Club, for whom he once played briefly in a friendly match. He is the subject of an award-winning BBC television drama, "Marvellous", which was broadcast in 2014.
Stoke City F.C. Under-23s and Academy Stoke City Football Club Under-23s is the most senior of Stoke City's youth teams and the club's former reserve team. The Under-23 team is effectively Stoke City's second-string side. They play in Premier League 2 Division 2. The team also competes in the Premier League Cup and the Staffordshire Senior Cup.
Tommy Hyslop Thomas "Tommy" Hyslop (22 September 1874 – 1936) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City and Sunderland He was the first Stoke player to be capped by Scotland. He represented the Scotland national team, playing twice against England in 1896 and in 1897, scoring on his debut. He also played for Sunderland and Rangers.
Nike Mercurial Vapor The Mercurial Vapor is a football boot manufactured by Nike. The boot is known for being lightweight. Because of this, the boot is endorsed by many players for whom speed is part of their game, notably wingers or strikers, such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Franck Ribéry, Luiz Adriano, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Didier Drogba, Jesús Navas, Luka Modrić, Arturo Vidal, Douglas Costa, Xherdan Shaqiri, Raheem Sterling, Stephan El Shaarawy, Eden Hazard, Alexis Sánchez, Carlos Bacca and Philippe Coutinho, among others.
Maurice Setters Maurice Edgar Setters (born 16 December 1936) is an English former football player and manager. As player, he made more than 400 appearances in the Football League representing Exeter City, West Bromwich Albion, Manchester United, Stoke City, Coventry City and Charlton Athletic, and in the United Soccer Association with the Cleveland Stokers (Stoke City under another name). His favoured position was wing half. As manager, he took charge of Doncaster Rovers and (briefly) Sheffield Wednesday, and spent several years as assistant manager of the Republic of Ireland.
Eddie Niedzwiecki Andrzej Edward "Eddie" Niedzwiecki; born 3 May 1959) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Wrexham and Chelsea and is now first-team coach at Stoke City. After retiring early due to injury Niedzwiecki became a coach with Chelsea and then Arsenal before working with Mark Hughes with the Wales national team. Since then he has worked with Hughes at Blackburn Rovers, Manchester City, Fulham, Queens Park Rangers and Stoke City.
Stoke City F.C. in European football Stoke City Football Club is an English football club based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. The club was founded in 1863 and has competed in the English football league system since 1888. They played in the UEFA Cup in 1972–73 and 1974–75, before qualifying for the tournament in 2011–12 under the new name of UEFA Europa League. The club also entered the Anglo-Italian Cup and the Texaco Cup.
Stoke City F.C. Stoke City Football Club is a professional football club based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.
Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve, Kareela Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve is one of the few specialised gardens in Sydney to focus entirely on Australian native plants. Located at Kareela in Sutherland Shire and established in 1970 as a tribute to Joseph Banks, the landscaped garden covers an area of 2.2 hectares, with 4 kilometres of sealed paths.
New England Wild Flower Society Founded in 1900, the New England Wild Flower Society is the nation's oldest conservation organization. The society is dedicated to the preservation of native plants and operates Garden in the Woods (a native plant botanical garden) at its headquarters in Framingham, Massachusetts. It also offers courses on topics of conservation and horticulture of native plants, manages a "conservation corps" of volunteers throughout New England, operates several native plant sanctuaries, and offers nursery-propagated native plants for sale at its two nurseries.
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is a public botanical garden dedicated to creating a more sustainable earth through research and education. Situated 10 miles southwest of downtown Austin, Texas and just inside the edge of the distinctive Texas hill country, the 279-acre Wildflower Center attracts 100,000 annual visitors. The center is a self-supporting research unit of The University of Texas at Austin devoted entirely to native plants, with more than 700 species native to central Texas, and the environmental benefits of native-plant landscaping. (see Native Plant Information Network). The Wildflower Center also hosts changing exhibits of visual art and photography and features outdoor sculptures, walking trails, formal and research plantings, educational exhibits, and an annual sale of native plants. In 2013, the syndicated television series, "Texas Country Reporter", hosted by Bob Phillips, declared the center the No. 1 site from which to view wildflowers within Texas.
Arizona Native Plant Society The mission of Arizona Native Plant Society (AZNPS) is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats, as well as the use of native plants in urban landscapes and gardens. Among its initiatives are the Plant Atlas Project of Arizona (PAPAZ), which trains AZNPS volunteers in botanical fieldwork; publication of booklets and brochures promoting the use of native plants; compilation and web publication of plant lists for various natural areas of Arizona and northern Mexico; grants for publication assistance and research; and pioneering work in invasive species education and removal.
North American Native Plant Society The North American Native Plant Society (NANPS) is a volunteer-operated registered charitable organization concerned with conserving native plants in wild areas and restoring indigenous flora to developed areas. It is noted for its work in educating business and the public about the benefits of using native plants, and its work in promoting native species through plant sales and seed exchanges has been credited with the resurgence of some species. It also maintains a list of local native plant societies across the United States and Canada.
Jardín Botánico Chagual The Jardín Botánico Chagual is a 33.9-hectare Chilean botanical garden in the process of development, focusing on the preservation of plants native to the Mediterranean climatic zone of Chile (between 30° and 38° S latitude). It forms part of the "Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas del Estado" (SNASPE; National System of Protected Areas of the Country) and of the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). It is meant to complement the collections of native plants in the national botanical gardens of Viña del Mar and Valdivia.
California Native Plant Society The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) is a California environmental non-profit organization (501(c)3) that seeks to increase understanding of California's native flora and to preserve it for future generations. The mission of CNPS is to conserve California native plants and their natural habitats, and increase understanding, appreciation, and horticultural use of native plants throughout the entire state and California Floristic Province.
George Chippendale George Chippendale (18 April 1921 – 16 February 2010) was an Australian botanist and a strong proponent of growing Australian Native plants. As well as a career in botany, he also taught his love of botany to all who would listen through talks to children, special interest groups, walks on Canberra'a Black Mountain and more recently through the U3A (University of the Third Age), both in class and online. He knew the value of planting local native plants in gardens as they would survive local conditions and save water.
Louisiana Native Plant Nurseries A Louisiana native plant nursery is a plant nursery that only grows native plants indigenous to Louisiana. Native plant nurseries primarily produce and propagate native plants with the intention to restore and replenish the diversity of native flora. In Louisiana, these nurseries are a source of plants used for wetland and coastal restoration projects. Nurseries provide a controlled environment that is ideal for plant research for ecosystem restoration. The resulting information from plant research can be used to develop better strains of specific species. Cloning these strains of plants insures the quota for a restoration project is successfully met.
Theodore Payne Foundation The Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers and Native Plants — or TPF, is a private, non-profit organization founded in 1960 by Theodore Payne to promote the understanding and preservation of California native plants.
Euryops chrysanthemoides Euryops chrysanthemoides (with the common names African bush daisy or bull's-eye) is a small shrub native to Southern Africa that is also grown as a horticultural specimen in tropical to subtropical regions around the world. It occurs in the Eastern Cape, along the coast and inland, to KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Swaziland. It is usually found on forest edges, in riverine bush and in ravines, as well as in coastal scrub, grassland and disturbed areas. It is a compact, densely branched, leafy, evergreen shrub, 0.5 to 2m in height. The species was moved to "Euryops" from the genus "Gamolepis" on the basis of chromosome counts. It is a ruderal weed in New South Wales, although it is not weedy in all places where it is cultivated or has naturalized.
Hippophae Hippophae is a genus of sea buckthorns, deciduous shrubs in the family Elaeagnaceae. The name sea buckthorn may be hyphenated to avoid confusion with the buckthorns ("Rhamnus", family Rhamnaceae). It is also referred to as sandthorn, sallowthorn, or seaberry.
Camellia sinensis Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea. It is of the genus "Camellia" () of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. Common names include "tea plant", "tea shrub", and "tea tree" (not to be confused with "Melaleuca alternifolia", the source of tea tree oil, or "Leptospermum scoparium", the New Zealand teatree).
Fuscospora gunnii Fuscospora gunnii, the tanglefoot- or deciduous beech, or fagus, is a deciduous shrub endemic to the highlands of Tasmania, Australia. It was discovered in 1847 by R.C Gunn and evidence exists that it once lived in Antarctica. "F. Gunnii" was previously included in the genus "Nothofagus", although recent DNA analysis has placed it in the genus "Fuscospora". "F. Gunnii" is a small woody tree with a shrubby appearance known to grow up to 3 m . It lives only on mountains due to temperature limitations within the Tasmanian maritime climate and can survive up to heights of 1400 m . It grows in alpine and sub-alpine regions in the west to central portions of the state but is absent from the mountains of the northeast. Though capable of reaching the size of a small tree, it rarely exceeds 2 m in height, instead growing as a thick shrub or as a woody ground cover hence its common name of "tanglefoot".
Tetrapanax Tetrapanax papyrifer (rice-paper plant, or "通草—tong cao") is an evergreen shrub in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Tetrapanax. The specific epithet is frequently misspelled as "papyriferum", "papyriferus", or "papyrifera". It is endemic to Taiwan, but widely cultivated in East Asia and sometimes in other tropical regions as well. The species was once included in the genus "Fatsia" as "Fatsia papyrifera".
Lonicera morrowii Lonicera morrowii, the Morrow's honeysuckle, is a deciduous honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, and Northeast China. It is a shrub, reaching a height of 2-2.5 m, with oblong leaves 4–6 cm long. It leafs out quite early in the spring, and in North America is commonly the first deciduous shrub with foliage in March. The flowers are white to pale yellow, and the fruit is a dark red berry 7–8 mm diameter containing numerous seeds. The berries, while eaten frequently by birds, are considered poisonous to humans. It is colloquially called "bush honeysuckle" in the United States, and is considered an invasive species.
Agastachys Agastachys odorata, commonly known as the white waratah, is the sole member of the genus Agastachys in the protea family. It is an evergreen shrub to small tree and is endemic to the heaths and button grass sedgelands of western Tasmania. It occurs most often in moist heath and scrub and occasionally in the alpine regions, but generally prefers well-drained but poor soils. It can grow in some rainforests where it forms a small tree but is normally a shrub in all other situations. The heaviest concentrations are along the island's south coast. Its leaves are dark green, hairless and almost succulent. Masses of white flowers are produced in erect spikes from the ends of the branches. Measuring 8 to 12 cm high, they appear in January and February.
Hippophae rhamnoides Hippophae rhamnoides, also known as common sea buckthorn is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, native to the cold-temperate regions of Europe and Asia. It is a spiny deciduous shrub. The plant is used in the food and cosmetic industry, in traditional medicine, as animal fodder and for ecological purposes.
Philadelphus mexicanus Philadelphus mexicanus is a shrub belonging to the genus "Philadelphus", native to Mexico and Guatemala. It is a spreading, evergreen shrub with pendent, bristly shoots and ovate, sometimes partly toothed leaves up to 11 cm long. Flowers are single, cup shaped, rose scented, creamy white in colour, measuring up to 4 cm across. "Rose syringa" (syn. "Philadelphus maculatus") is the most commonly cultivated variety and has fragrant white flowers with a purple blotch in the centre.
Philadelphus incanus Philadelphus incanus, the hairy mock orange, is a deciduous shrub in the genus "Philadelphus". Native to China, it is a medium to large shrub characterised by its hairy leaves and later flowering than other members of the genus.
Cross Island Parkway Cross Island Parkway, also known as the 100th Infantry Division Parkway, is a parkway on Long Island, New York. The parkway is a part of the Belt Parkway system that runs along the perimeter of the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn in New York City. The Cross Island Parkway runs 10.6 mi from the Whitestone Expressway (Interstate 678 or I-678) in Whitestone past the Throgs Neck Bridge, along and across the border of Queens and Nassau County to meet up with the Southern State Parkway. The road is designated as New York State Route 907A (NY 907A), an unsigned reference route.
Heckscher State Parkway The Heckscher State Parkway (formerly known as the Heckscher Spur) is an 8.24 mi parkway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. The parkway, located entirely within the Suffolk County town of Islip, begins at the south end of the Sagtikos State Parkway in West Islip, from where it continues west as the Southern State Parkway. It proceeds east as a six-lane parkway through Brentwood and Central Islip, loosely paralleling New York State Route 27 (NY 27). At Islip Terrace, the Heckscher Parkway turns southward, crossing NY 27 before ending at the toll barrier for Heckscher State Park in Great River. The parkway comprises the eastern portion of New York State Route 908M (NY 908M), an unsigned reference route, with the Southern State Parkway occupying the western section. In order to avoid confusion, the highway is signed as an extension of the Southern State Parkway west of the NY 27 interchange (exit 44).
Meadowbrook State Parkway The Meadowbrook State Parkway (also known as the Meadowbrook, the Meadowbrook Parkway or the MSP) is a 12.52 mi parkway in Nassau County, New York, in the United States. Its southern terminus is at a full cloverleaf interchange with the Bay and Ocean parkways in Jones Beach State Park. The parkway heads north, crossing South Oyster Bay and intersecting Loop Parkway before crossing onto the mainland and connecting to the Southern State Parkway in North Merrick. It continues north to the village of Carle Place, where the Meadowbrook Parkway ends at exit 31A of the Northern State Parkway. The Meadowbrook Parkway is designated New York State Route 908E (NY 908E), an unsigned reference route. Most of the road is limited to non-commercial traffic, like most parkways in the state of New York; however, the portion south of Merrick Road is open to commercial traffic.
Merritt Parkway The Merritt Parkway (also known locally as "The Merritt") is a historic limited-access parkway in Fairfield County, Connecticut, the first of its kind. Designed for Connecticut's Gold Coast, the parkway is known for its scenic layout, its uniquely styled signage, and the architecturally elaborate overpasses along the route. It is designated as a National Scenic Byway and is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Signed as part of Route 15, it runs from the New York state line in Greenwich, where it serves as the continuation of the Hutchinson River Parkway, to the Housatonic River in Stratford, where the Wilbur Cross Parkway begins. Facing bitter opposition, the project took six years to build in three different sections, with the Connecticut Department of Transportation constantly requiring additional funding due to the area's high property value. The parkway was named for U.S. Congressman Schuyler Merritt. On May 19, 2010, the Merritt Parkway was named one of America's Most Endangered Historic Places.
Sunken Meadow State Parkway The Sunken Meadow State Parkway (also known as the Sunken Meadow) is a 6.19 mi long parkway in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. Located entirely within the town of Smithtown, the parkway begins at a cloverleaf interchange with the Northern State Parkway (exits 44–45) and the northern terminus of the Sagtikos State Parkway. The parkway, which continues north, is a northern spur of the Sagtikos, which opened in September 1952. The northern end of the parkway is at the toll barrier in exit SM5 in the Kings Park section of Smithtown. From there, the road continues north through Sunken Meadow State Park to a roundabout at the Long Island Sound. The parkway comprises the northern half of New York State Route 908K (NY 908K, an unsigned reference route), with the Sagtikos State Parkway forming the southern portion. Commercial vehicles are, like on most parkways, prohibited from using the Sunken Meadow, except for a portion north of NY 25A in Kings Park.
Southern State Parkway The Southern State Parkway (also known as the Southern State or Southern Parkway) is a 25.53 mi limited-access highway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. The parkway begins at an interchange with the Belt and Cross Island parkways in Elmont, in Nassau County, and travels east to an interchange with the Sagtikos State Parkway in West Islip, Suffolk County, where it becomes the Heckscher State Parkway. The Southern State Parkway comprises the western portion of unsigned New York State Route 908M (NY 908M), with the Heckscher Parkway occupying the eastern section.
Sagtikos State Parkway The Sagtikos State Parkway, also known as the Sagtikos or Sagtikos Parkway, known colloquially as "the Sag" is a 5.14 mi north–south limited-access parkway in Suffolk County on Long Island, New York, in the United States. It begins at an interchange with the Southern and Heckscher state parkways in the hamlet of West Islip and goes north to a large cloverleaf interchange with the Northern State Parkway in the town of Smithtown, where the Sagtikos ends and the road becomes the Sunken Meadow State Parkway. The parkway comprises the southern half of New York State Route 908K (NY 908K), an unsigned reference route, with the Sunken Meadow State Parkway forming the northern portion. Commercial vehicles are prohibited from using the Sagtikos State Parkway, a restriction that applies to most parkways in the state.
Pelham Parkway The Bronx and Pelham Parkway (usually referred to simply as Pelham Parkway) is a 2.25-mile (3.62 km) long parkway in the borough of the Bronx in New York City. Despite the parkway moniker, Pelham Parkway is a local street, with two main roadways (one in each direction), and two service roads. Like other parkways in New York City, commercial traffic is disallowed, and is redirected to the service roads. Pelham Parkway runs from the Bronx River Parkway (at a mutual junction with U.S. Route 1 or US 1 within Bronx Park) out to Pelham Bay Park, hence the name, as it connects the two parks. A bikeway runs alongside. At the eastern end, it intersects with Interstate 95 (I-95, named the New England Thruway at this point). Though the parkway ends here, the road itself continues as Shore Road. At its west end, it continues as East Fordham Road, then West Fordham Road (after passing Jerome Avenue) and in Manhattan as West 207th Street. The residential neighborhood that surrounds the parkway is known by the same name.
Northern State Parkway The Northern State Parkway (also known as the Northern State or Northern Parkway) is a 28.88 mi limited-access state parkway on Long Island in the U.S. state of New York. The western terminus is at the Queens–Nassau County line, where the parkway continues westward into New York City as the Grand Central Parkway. The eastern terminus is at New York State Route 347 (NY 347) and NY 454 in Hauppauge. The parkway is designated New York State Route 908G (NY 908G), an unsigned reference route. As its name implies, the parkway services communities along the northern half of the island.
Georgia State Route 6 State Route 6 (SR 6) is a 72.1 mi state highway that travels northwest-to-southeast in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is known as Jimmy Lee Smith Parkway, Jimmy Campbell Parkway, Nathan Dean Parkway, and Wendy Bagwell Parkway in Paulding County; C.H. James Parkway in Cobb County; Thornton Road in Douglas County; and Camp Creek Parkway and honorarily as Tuskegee Airmen Parkway in Fulton and Clayton counties. It begins at the Alabama state line, where it is concurrent with US 278. Here, US 278 enters Alabama, concurrent with the unsigned state highway SR 74. Its eastern terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 85 (I-85) west of the Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
James Francis Edward Stuart James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII, the monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife Mary of Modena. His Catholic father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 only months after his birth, and his Protestant older half-sister Mary II and her husband William III of Orange became king and queen. The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Succession 1701 excluded Catholics from the British throne, and James was raised in exile.
Nicholas Barnewall, 1st Viscount Barnewall Nicholas Barnewall, 1st Viscount Barnewall (1592 – 20 August 1663), was an Irish landowner and politician.
Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts of 1688 The Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts of 1688 were three Acts of the Parliament of England (1 Will. & Mar. cc. 2, 7 & 19) which temporarily suspended the right of "habeas corpus" in England until 17 April, 25 May and 23 October 1689 respectively. They were passed in the wake of the Glorious Revolution, in which King James II had recently been deposed.
James II of England James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Viscount Barnewall Viscount Barnewall, of Kingsland in the Parish of Donabate in the County of Dublin, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 29 June 1646 for Nicholas Barnewall, who had earlier represented County Dublin in the Irish House of Commons. The Kingsland Barnewalls were a junior branch of the family of Baron Trimleston; Nicholas's great-grandfather Sir Patrick Barnewall had achieved political prominence through his friendship with Thomas Cromwell and done well out of the Dissolution of the Monasteries . Nicholas was made Baron Turvey at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. His grandson, the third Viscount, was a supporter of James II and outlawed. However, he was restored under the Treaty of Limerick. His son, the fourth Viscount, was a Roman Catholic and consequently disqualified from taking his seat in the Irish House of Lords. He was childless and was succeeded by his nephew, the fifth Viscount. He was the son of the Honourable George Barnewall, younger son of the third Viscount. He died unmarried in 1800 when the titles became dormant. They were successfully claimed in 1814 by Matthew Barnewall, who became the sixth Viscount. He was the great-grandson of the Honourable Richard Barnewall, younger son of the first Viscount. However, he had no surviving male issue and on his death in 1834 the titles are considered to have become extinct.
Nicholas Barnewall, 3rd Viscount Barnewall Nicholas Barnewall, 3rd Viscount Barnewall (15 April 1668 – 14 June 1725) was an Irish nobleman.
Admiralty in the 18th century The Glorious Revolution of 1688 rearranged the political map of Europe, and led to a series of wars with France that lasted well over a century. This was the classic age of sail; while the ships themselves evolved in only minor ways, technique and tactics were honed to a high degree, and the battles of the Napoleonic Wars entailed feats that would have been impossible for the fleets of the 17th century. Because of parliamentary opposition, James II fled the country. The landing of William III and the Glorious Revolution itself was a gigantic effort involving 100 warships and 400 transports carrying 11,000 infantry and 4,000 horses. It was not opposed by the English or Scottish fleets.
Glorious Revolution in Scotland The Glorious Revolution in Scotland was part of a wider change of regime, known as the Glorious Revolution or Revolution of 1688, in the British kingdoms of the Stuart monarchy in 1688–89. It began in England and saw the removal of the Catholic James VII of Scotland and II of England from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland and his replacement with his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange.
Patrick Barnewall (Solicitor General) Patrick Barnewall (c. 1500–1552) was a leading figure in the Irish Government of the 1530s and 1540s, due to his close links with Thomas Cromwell. He sat in the Irish House of Commons, and held the offices of Solicitor General for Ireland and Master of the Rolls in Ireland. Today he is mainly remembered for his role in founding the King's Inns. He belonged to a junior branch of the family of Lord Trimlestown: his own descendants held the title Viscount Barnewall of Kingsland.
Clan Munro Clan Munro (   ) (Scottish Gaelic: "Clann an Rothaich" ] ) is a Highland Scottish clan. Historically the clan was based in Easter Ross in the Scottish Highlands. Traditional origins of the clan give its founder as Donald Munro who came from the north of Ireland and settled in Scotland in the eleventh century. It is also a strong tradition that the Munro chiefs supported Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence. The first proven clan chief on record however is Robert de Munro who died in 1369 although his unnamed father is mentioned in a number of charters. The clan chiefs originally held land principally at Findon on the Black Isle but exchanged it in 1350 for Estirfowlys. Robert's son Hugh who died in 1425 was the first of the family to be styled "of Foulis". During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the Munros feuded with their neighbors the Clan Mackenzie, and during the seventeenth century many Munros fought in the Thirty Years' War in support of Protestantism. During the Scottish Civil War of the seventeenth century different members of the clan supported the Royalists and Covenanters at different times. The Munro chiefs supported the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and during the Jacobite risings of the eighteenth century the clan and the chiefs were staunchly anti-Jacobite, supporting the Hanoverian-British Government.
Woodland Davis Clean Water Agency The Woodland Davis Clean Water Agency (WDCWA) is a joint project between the cities of Woodland and Davis in Yolo County, California; also in partnership with Reclamation District 2035. This agency will oversee the construction and management of the facility that will pump water from the Sacramento River to the two cities. This new facility is to provide reliable water supply, improve the water quality for drinking purposes, and improve the treated wastewater discharge from the two cities. This new facility is expected to be supplying the cities with clean surface water in June 2016.
Deidamia II of Epirus Deidamia or Deidameia (Greek: Δηϊδάμεια ) or Laodamia (Greek: Λαοδάμεια ) (died c. 233 BC) was a Greek princess, daughter of Pyrrhus II of Epirus, king of Epirus. After the death of her father and that of her uncle Ptolemy, she was the last surviving representative of the royal Aeacid dynasty in Epirus. She had a sister, Nereis, who married Gelo of Syracuse. During a rebellion in Epirus her sister sent her 800 mercenaries from Gaul. Part of the Molossians supported her, and with the aid of the mercenaries she briefly took Ambracia. The Epirotes, however, determined to secure their liberty by extirpating the whole royal family, resolved to put her to death; she fled for refuge to the temple of Artemis, but was murdered in the sanctuary itself by Milo, a man already responsible of matricide, who shortly after this crime committed suicide. The date of this event cannot be accurately fixed, but it occurred during the reign of Demetrius II in Macedonia (239–229 BC), and probably in the early part of it.
Lanassa (wife of Pyrrhus) Lanassa was a daughter of king Agathocles of Syracuse, Sicily, perhaps by his second wife Alcia. In 295 BC Agathocles married Lanassa to King Pyrrhus of Epirus. Agathocles himself escorted his daughter with his fleet to Epirus to her groom. Lanassa brought the island of Corcyra as dowry into the marriage. The couple had two sons: Alexander and Helenus. However, Lanassa could not accept her husband's polygamous lifestyle, and so she left Pyrrhus in 291 BC, went to Corcyra, and offered this island as dowry to Demetrius I Poliorcetes, then king of Macedonia, if he would become her new husband. The courted diadoch came to Corcyra, married Lanassa and occupied the island. After the death of Agathocles (289 BC) Pyrrhus, as former husband of Lanassa, asserted hereditary claims to Sicily. On the basis of these claims the inhabitants of Syracuse asked Pyrrhus in 279 BC for assistance against Carthage.
La Esperanza, Honduras La Esperanza (] ) is the capital city and a municipality of the same name of the department of Intibucá, Honduras. The city of La Esperanza is merged indistinguishably with the city of Intibucá, the head of the neighbouring municipality of Intibucá. Intibucá is the older of the two cities and was originally a Lenca community, while La Esperanza is the newer ladino community. The two cities, often called the twin cities, while distinct with separate municipal governments, are generally referred to jointly as La Esperanza and are separated only by a street that crosses town.
Liverpool–Manchester lines There were once four direct railway routes between Liverpool and Manchester in the North West of England. There are now only two remaining direct railway routes between the two cities. One line, the now northern route, is fully electric and the other, the southern route, is a diesel only line. A third line which is further north has been split with the western section electric and the eastern section diesel operation, requiring a passenger change between the two cities. The fourth route, the most southerly, is largely abandoned east of Warrington with the remaining section mostly catering for freight trains. The remaining two direct routes are: