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Hockey stick controversy In the hockey stick controversy, the data and methods used in reconstructions of the temperature record of the past 1000 years have been disputed. Reconstructions have consistently shown that the rise in the instrumental temperature record of the past 150 years is not matched in earlier centuries, and the name "hockey stick graph" was coined for figures showing a long-term decline followed by an abrupt rise in temperatures. These graphs were publicised to explain the scientific findings of climatology, and in addition to scientific debate over the reconstructions, they have been the topic of political dispute. The issue is part of the global warming controversy and has been one focus of political responses to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Arguments over the reconstructions have been taken up by fossil fuel industry funded lobbying groups attempting to cast doubt on climate science.
John Christy John Raymond Christy is a climate scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) whose chief interests are satellite remote sensing of global climate and global climate change. He is best known, jointly with Roy Spencer, for the first successful development of a satellite temperature record.
Pseudoproxy A pseudoproxy is a synthetic dataset used in paleoclimatology to test methods of reconstruction of global or hemispherical climate change from temperature records, developed for reconstructing the temperature record of the past 1000 years using proxies for periods before the instrumental temperature record. In May 2002 Michael E. Mann and Scott Rutherford published a paper introducing this method of adding artificial noise to actual temperature records or to climate model simulations to produce what they called "pseudoproxies". When the reconstruction algorithms were used with these pseudoproxies, the result was then compared with the original record or simulation to see how closely it had been reconstructed. They discussed the issue that regression methods of reconstruction tended to underestimate the amplitude of variation.
Frank Wentz Frank Wentz is the CEO and director of Remote Sensing Systems, a company he founded in 1974. Remote Sensing Systems specializes in satellite microwave remote sensing research. Together with Carl Mears, he is best known for developing a satellite temperature record from MSU and AMSU. Intercomparison of this record with the earlier UAH satellite temperature record, developed by John Christy and Roy Spencer, revealed deficiencies in the earlier work; specifically, the warming trend in the RSS version is larger than the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) one. From 1978 to 1982 Frank was a member of NASA's SeaSat Experiment Team involved in the development of physically based retrieval methods for microwave scatterometers and radiometers. He has also investigated the effect of climate change on satellite-derived evaporation, precipitation and surface wind values. His findings are different from most climate change model predictions.
Temperature record of the past 1000 years The temperature record of the past 1,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 150 years at a global scale. Large-scale reconstructions covering part or all of the 1st millennium and 2nd millennium have shown that recent temperatures are exceptional: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report of 2007 concluded that "Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were "very likely" higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years and "likely" the highest in at least the past 1,300 years." The curve shown in graphs of these reconstructions is widely known as the hockey stick graph because of the sharp increase in temperatures during the last century. As of 2010 this broad pattern was supported by more than two dozen reconstructions, using various statistical methods and combinations of proxy records, with variations in how flat the pre-20th-century "shaft" appears. Sparseness of proxy records results in considerable uncertainty for earlier periods.
Carl Mears Carl Mears is a Senior Scientist, at Remote Sensing Systems, since 1998. He has worked on validation of SSM/I derived winds, and rain-flagging algorithm for the QuikScat scatterometer. He is best known for his work with Frank Wentz in developing a satellite temperature record from MSU and AMSU. Intercomparison of this record with the earlier UAH satellite temperature record, developed by John Christy and Roy Spencer, revealed deficiencies in the earlier work; specifically, the warming trend in the RSS version is larger than the UAH one.
Instrumental temperature record The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.
UAH satellite temperature dataset The UAH satellite temperature dataset, developed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, infers the temperature of various atmospheric layers from satellite measurements of radiance.
A Talk A Talk is the third extended play by South Korean singer Hyuna. The EP consists of five tracks and incorporates Trap, Hip-Hop and R&B music genres. It was released for digital download by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on July 28, 2014. The physical album was released a day later on July 29. To promote the EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including "Music Bank", "Show! Music Core" and "Inkigayo". "Red" was released as the title track for the EP.
Lee Ki-seop Lee Ki-seop (Korean: 이기섭 ; born January 17, 1991), commonly known as Kiseop, is a South Korean singer, dancer, actor and model. He is best known for being a member of South Korean boy group U-KISS formed by NH Media in 2008. He joined U-KISS in November 2009.
I (Taeyeon song) "I" is a Korean song recorded by South Korean singer Kim Tae-yeon (better known by her mononym Taeyeon) featuring Verbal Jint, taken from Taeyeon's debut EP of the same name. It was written by herself, Mafly, and Verbal Jint, and produced by Myah Marie Langston, Bennett Armstrong, Justin T. Armstrong, Cosmopolitan Douglas, David Quinones, Jon Asher, and Ryan S. Jhun. It was released digitally on October 7, 2015 in conjunction with the release of the EP, and was released on Korean Broadcasting System's "K-Pop Connection" radio on October 9.
Lee Jai-jin (musician, born 1979) Lee Jai-jin (Korean:이재진, born July 13, 1979) is a South Korean singer and dancer. Jai-jin is the sub rapper and main dancer of the South Korean boy group SechsKies, and served as the group's choreographer. SechsKies disbanded in 2000 but made a long-awaited reunion on 'ToToGa 2' special of 'Infinite Challenge' and signed with YG Entertainment in 2016.
Taeyang Dong Young-bae (; born 18 May 1988), better known by his stage name Taeyang (meaning "sun" in Korean) and SOL (when performing in Japan), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and dancer. After appearing in Jinusean's music video "A-yo," Taeyang began training under YG Entertainment at the age of 12. Six years later, he made his debut in 2006 as a member of the South Korean boy band Big Bang. While the quintet's debut was met with lukewarm receptions, their follow-ups cemented their popularity, becoming one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world.
Sunmin Sunmin (Hangul: 선민, "Katakana": ソンミン, born August 4, 1987) is a South Korean singer who speaks and sings in Korean, Japanese, and English. She debuted in 2006, with the single "Keep Holding You," a collaboration with the Japanese R&B singer Toshinobu Kubota. Her career was initially focused on the Japanese market, but her work became focused in South Korea from 2009 to 2010. She also contributed to original soundtracks of South Korean television series "Master of Study" and "Gloria (2010 TV series)". In 2010 to 2011, she was in the main South Korean musical production of "Jekyll & Hyde" as Lucy. In 2012 to 2013, she reprised her role as Lucy in the South Korean national tour. In spring 2013, Sunmin played Josephine in the South Korean production of "Arsène Lupin", the musical.
Bubble Pop! (song) "Bubble Pop!" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Hyuna for her first extended play "Bubble Pop!" (2011). It was released as the title track from the EP by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on July 5, 2011. The lyrics were written by Shinsadong Tiger and Choi Kyusung, who also composed the music. In order to promote the song and EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including "Music Bank", "Show! Music Core" and "Inkigayo". A music video for the song was released on July 4 and has surpassed the 100 million views on YouTube, making her the first female Korean solo artist to do it.
Babe (Hyuna song) "Babe" (Hangul: 베베; RR: bebe; stylized as "BABE") is a song recorded by South Korean singer and rapper Hyuna for her sixth extended play, "Following" (2017). It was written by Hyuna, Shinsadong Tiger and Beom X Nang, and produced by the latter two. The song was released as the EP title track on August 29, 2017. The singer performed the song in several South Korean music programs, including Music Bank and Inkigayo.
Talk About S Talk About S (stylized as Talk about S.) is the second solo extended play (EP) by South Korean singer and actress Gain. It was released on October 5, 2012, and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. The album is a contrast to her solo debut EP due to its delightful and brighter sound, "more varied palette" yet still intacts "the pervasive seductiveness" which was first introduced in "Step 2/4" (2010). As executive producer, Jo Yeong-Cheol and enlisted collaborators such as KZ and Yoon Jong-shin to create the EP, featuring a total of five tracks.
A+ (EP) A+ is the fourth extended play by South Korean singer Hyuna. The EP consists of five tracks and incoporates Pop and Hip-Hop music genres. It was released for digital download by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on August 21, 2015. The physical album was released three days later on August 24. To promote the EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including "Music Bank", "Show! Music Core" and "Inkigayo". "Roll Deep" was released at the title track for the EP.
See You in Magic See You in Magic is the debut album by the San Diego, California rock band The Night Marchers, released in 2008 by Vagrant Records and Swami Records. The Night Marchers are the latest musical project of singer/guitarist John Reis, previously of Pitchfork, Drive Like Jehu, Rocket from the Crypt, the Hot Snakes, and the Sultans. Reis announced the group's formation in August 2007, after all of his previous acts had broken up by January of that year. The band also includes Beehive and the Barracudas guitarist Gar Wood, CPC Gangbangs bassist Tommy Kitsos, and former Delta 72 drummer Jason Kourkounis. Wood and Kourkounis had previously recorded and performed with Reis in the Hot Snakes. The band members are credited on the album using pseudonyms that they had used in their previous acts: Reis is credited as "Speedo" (his stage name in Rocket from the Crypt), Wood as "Dner" (Beehive and the Barracudas), Kitsos as "Skitsos" (CPC Gangbangs), and Kourkounis as "Jsinclair" (Hot Snakes).
The Walt The Walt is a four-piece post-punk/indie rock band from Utrecht, Netherlands consisting of musicians known from We vs. Death, Kismet and the retired metalcore group Dawn of Awakening. According to their official website the Walt's influences include bands such as At the Drive-In, Medications, Q and not U, 31Knots and Hot Snakes.
Mario Rubalcaba Mario Rubalcaba (also known by the pseudonym Ruby Mars) is an American drummer from San Diego, notable as a member of numerous rock bands including Clikatat Ikatowi, Thingy, Rocket from the Crypt, Hot Snakes, Earthless, the Sultans, and Off! He has also played on albums by The Black Heart Procession and Pinback and was formerly a professional skateboarder.
Rick Froberg Eric "Rick" Froberg (born January 1968, also known by the pseudonyms Rick Fork and Rick Farr) is an American musician and visual artist. He was born in Los Angeles, lived in Encinitas, California, and currently resides in Brooklyn. In his musical career he has been the singer and guitarist for the San Diego-area bands Pitchfork, Drive Like Jehu, and Hot Snakes, performing alongside fellow San Diego musician John Reis. Froberg has also played with the Last of the Juanitas, Thingy and Obits.
The Husbands The Husbands are an all-female American garage punk band that formed in 2002 in San Francisco, California. The band has gone on an international concert tour in the United States and Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They have two full-length records on Swami Records. They have toured the United States four times performing with bands such as Dead Moon, Demolition Doll Rods, Beehive and The Baracudas, The Sultans, Hot Snakes and The Black Lips
Hot Snakes Hot Snakes are an American post-hardcore band led by Rick Froberg and John Reis, formed in 1999 in San Diego, California. Reis and Froberg had previously performed together in Pitchfork and Drive Like Jehu, after which Reis had found international success with Rocket from the Crypt. Hot Snakes disbanded in 2005 but reunited in 2011.
Obits Obits was an American rock band formed in 2006 in Brooklyn, New York. The band members are veterans of other independent rock bands: Guitarist/vocalist Rick Froberg was previously a member of Pitchfork, Drive Like Jehu, and Hot Snakes, and guitarist Sohrab Habibion was a member of Edsel. The band has released five singles and three albums, "I Blame You" (2009), "Moody, Standard and Poor" (2011) and "Bed and Bugs" (2013).
Audit in Progress Audit in Progress is the third and final studio album by the San Diego, California rock band Hot Snakes, released in 2004 by Swami Records. It was recorded in a similar manner to the band's previous two albums, with guitarist John Reis taking time off from his main band Rocket From the Crypt. As a visual artist and illustrator singer/guitarist Rick Froberg provided the album's artwork, while Reis released the album through his Swami Records label. It was the first Hot Snakes release to feature drummer Mario Rubalcaba, brought in to fill the position left vacant by original drummer Jason Kourkounis.
John Reis John Reis (born 1969) and also known by the pseudonyms Speedo, Slasher, and The Swami is an American musician, singer, guitarist, record label owner, and disc jockey. He is best known as the singer and guitarist for the rock band Rocket from the Crypt, which he formed and fronted (as Speedo) for the entirety of its career from 1990 to 2005. Prior to this he was the guitarist in the post-hardcore band Pitchfork, and also played in Drive Like Jehu during the early 1990s. In 1999 he formed the Hot Snakes, and in 2000 also formed the Sultans, in which (as Slasher) he sang and originally played bass before switching to rhythm guitar. He played in both these bands until their breakups in 2005 and 2007 respectively. He also released a solo recording under the name Back Off Cupids, which was recorded in 1994 but not released until 1999. Over the years he has performed in many other musical acts including Conservative Itch, Stacatto Reads, Custom Floor, and Beehive & the Barracudas. He is the owner of Swami Records, a label he founded in 1999 (he uses the title The Swami in this capacity). He frequently works with bands in a studio capacity and releases albums by many southern California groups through his label. He also hosts the "Swami Sound System" program (previously on San Diego radio station 94.9 (KBZT), and now available on Slacker Radio). Reis remains an influential figure in the San Diego underground music community and is currently performing with a new band named The Night Marchers.
Peel Sessions (Hot Snakes EP) Peel Sessions is an EP by the San Diego, California rock band Hot Snakes, released in 2005 by Swami Records. It was recorded in the Fall of 2004 while the band was on tour in the UK, for broadcast on BBC Radio 1's John Peel program. Hot Snakes would be one of the last groups to record such a session, as Peel died shortly afterwards. It is also the only Hot Snakes release not to feature artwork created by singer/guitarist Rick Froberg.
Vukovar massacre The Vukovar massacre, also known as the Vukovar hospital massacre or the Ovčara massacre, was the killing of Croatian prisoners of war and civilians by Serb paramilitaries and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) at the Ovčara farm southeast of Vukovar on 20 November 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The massacre occurred shortly after Vukovar's capture by the JNA, Croatian Serb Territorial Defence (TO), and paramilitaries from neighbouring Serbia. It was the largest massacre of the war and the worst war crime in Europe since World War II up until that point.
Drift and Mastery Drift and Mastery: An Attempt to Diagnose the Current Unrest is the second book by American journalist and political thinker Walter Lippmann. Published in the Fall of 1914, "Drift and Mastery" argues that rational scientific governing can overcome forces of societal drift. Lippmann argued that due to the profound social and economic change old ideas and institutions lacked relevance. Specifically, "Drift and Mastery" warns against a reliance on broad theories and the framework of competition and self-interest. Democracy and society at large, he argued, was unable to address problems because it was adrift, lacking intentionality and discipline. Lippmann's prescription in "Drift and Mastery" was deliberate and scientific governing, what he termed mastery. This forward-looking progressive vision sought a better society through rational, scientific order, while rejecting Marxist, Utopian and traditionalist thinking. "Drift and Mastery" received enormously positive reviews, establishing Lippmann as an important public intellectual and figure within the progressive movement. Although Lippmann later lost faith in the promise of science and rationality in government, "Drift and Mastery" was and is regarded as an important document of the progressive movement.
Amherst Papyrus The ancient Egyptian document Amherst Papyrus, now known as the Leopold II and Amherst Papyrus, is part of the original court records dealing with the tomb robberies under Ramesses IX and dates to Year 16 of Ramesses IX. It contains the confessions of eight men who had broken into the tomb of Sobekemsaf II and a description of the reconstruction of the crime. It throws light on the practices followed at ancient Egyptian courts: eliciting confessions by "beating with a double rod, smiting their feet and hands", reconstructing the crime on site, and imprisonment of suspects in the gatehouse of a temple. The document remains an important document for understanding the importance of burial and the afterlife in ancient Egypt as well as crime and punishment practices in Egypt during the 20th Dynasty.
Dressing Point massacre The Dressing Point massacre refers to the murder of 40-50 Karankawa people in Mexican Texas near present-day Matagorda by a party of White colonists in 1826.
Ecclesiam suam Ecclesiam suam is an encyclical of Pope Paul VI on the Catholic Church given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate. It is considered an important document, which identified the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ. A later Council document "Lumen gentium" stated that the Church "subsists in" the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in".
Mexican Texas Mexican Texas is the historiographical name used to refer to the era of Texan history between 1821 and 1836, when it was part of Mexico. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 in its war of independence. Initially, Mexican Texas operated very similarly to Spanish Texas. However, the 1824 Constitution of Mexico set up a federal structure, with the province of Tejas joined with the province of Coahuila to form the state of Coahuila y Tejas.
Battle of Velasco The Battle of Velasco, fought June 25–26, 1832, was the first true military conflict between Mexico and settlers in Texas. It began when Texan insurgents attacked Fort Velasco, located in what was then Velasco and what is now the city of Surfside Beach. The Mexican commander during the conflict, Domingo de Ugartechea, tried to stop the Texans,under John Austin, from transporting a cannon up the Brazos River to attack the city of Anahuac. The Texian militia eventually prevailed over the Mexicans when Ugartechea surrendered after a two-day battle, once he realized he would not be receiving reinforcements, and his soldiers had run out. But After Mexico won independence from Spain, it legalized immigration from the United States. Empresarios were granted contracts to settle immigrants from the United States and Europe in Mexican Texas. As the number of Anglos living in Texas increased, Mexican authorities began to fear the United States would want to annex Texas. On April 6, 1830 the Mexican government passed a series of laws restricting immigration from the United States into Texas. The laws also canceled all unfilled empresario contracts and established customs houses in Texas to enforce the collection of customs duties. Mexican military officer Juan Davis Bradburn, formerly an American citizen, was appointed commander of a new customs and garrison post on Galveston Bay. In October 1830 Bradburn established a post atop a 30 ft bluff at the entrance to the Trinity River. The post became known as Anahuac.
Mel Casas Melesio "Mel" Casas (November 24, 1929 – November 30, 2014) was a Chicano artist, activist, writer and teacher. He used visual statements, his sense of humor and love of puns to "address cultural stereotypes." His work has been collected by the San Antonio Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, and nationally and internationally. He is best known for his series of 150 large-scale paintings called "Humanscapes" that were painted between 1965 and 1989. Casas was also well known as a writer and theorist. His "Brown Paper Report" is considered an important document of Chicano history. In his writing, he emphasized the importance of "self-determination" and equality for Chicanos/as. He is considered to be one of the important founders of the Chicano Arts movement. Casas felt that once artists had a fair chance to exhibit in the United States, then they would become part of "Americana."
Skull Creek massacre The Skull Creek massacre refers to the murder of at least 19 Karankawa people in Mexican Texas by a company of white colonists in February 1823. Before 1823, there were few settlers of European heritage from the United States in the state of Texas. With the formation of the First Mexican Republic in 1823 and the opening of Mexican Texas to colonists from the United States, white people began to settle in Texas. The subsequent pushing of Native Americans off of their land, combined with Native American raids on the new settlers' cattle, led to deep hostility and conflict between the two groups.
Constitution of the Ukrainian National Republic The Constitution of Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: Конституція Української Народної Республіки , "Konstytutsiya Ukrayinskoi Narodnoi Respubliky") is a constitutional document approved by the Central Rada on April 29, 1918, but never promulgated. Hence the document never acquired the legal power. Nevertheless, it remains an important document from the period of the Ukrainian National Republic from 1917-1918.
Mariana Dimitrova Mariana Dimitrova (Bulgarian: Мариана Димитрова ) was a famous Bulgarian actress born on May 28, 1954 in the small village of Kozarevetz, Veliko Turnovo region. She graduated from the Bulgarian film academy. Her second husband was the prominent Bulgarian director Eduard Zahariev. From 1997 to 2005 she lived in San Diego, California.
Manly Times Manly Times (Bulgarian: "Мъжки времена" / "Mazhki vremena") is a Bulgarian drama film released in 1977, directed by Eduard Zahariev, starring Grigor Vachkov, Mariana Dimitrova, Velko Kanev and Pavel Popandov. The screenplay, written by Nikolay Haytov is based on the short stories "Manly Times" and "Wedding" from his book "Wild Stories" (1967).
The Arsonists of Europe The Arsonists of Europe (German: Die Brandstifter Europas) is a 1926 Austrian silent drama film directed by Max Neufeld and starring Charlotte Ander, Eugen Neufeld and Robert Valberg.
My Darling, My Darling (film) My Darling, My Darling (Bulgarian: Скъпа моя, скъпи мой , translit. Skapa moya, skapi moy) is a 1986 Bulgarian drama film directed by Eduard Zahariev. It was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival.
A Waltz by Strauss (1925 film) A Waltz by Strauss (German:Ein Walzer von Strauß) is a 1925 Austrian silent film directed by Max Neufeld and starring Eugen Neufeld, Tessy Harrison and Svet Petrovich.
Anni (film) Anni is a 1948 Austrian-German romance film directed by Max Neufeld and starring Elfie Mayerhofer, Siegfried Breuer and Josef Meinrad. It is part of the genre of Vienna films.
Eureka, Nunavut Eureka is a small research base on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is located on the north side of Slidre Fiord, which enters Eureka Sound farther west. It is the third-northernmost permanent research community in the world. The only two farther north are Alert, which is also on Ellesmere Island, and Nord, in Greenland. Eureka has the lowest average annual temperature and the lowest amount of precipitation of any weather station in Canada.
The Hare Census The Hare Census (Bulgarian: "Преброяване на дивите зайци" / "Prebroyavane na Divite Zaytsi") is a Bulgarian satiric comedy film released in 1973, directed by Eduard Zahariev, starring Itzhak Fintzi, Nikola Todev, Georgi Rusev, Evstati Stratev, Philip Trifonov and Todor Kolev.
Villa Zone Villa Zone (Bulgarian: "Вилна зона" / "Vilna zona") is a Bulgarian comedy-drama film released in 1975, directed by Eduard Zahariev, starring Itzhak Fintzi, Katya Paskaleva, Naum Shopov, Anton Karastoyanov, Evstati Stratev, Valcho Kamarashev and Georgi Rusev.
Eduard Zahariev Eduard Zahariev (Bulgarian: Едуард Захариев ; 1 July 1938 – 26 June 1996) was a Bulgarian film director and screenwriter.
Mos Def Yasiin Bey ( ) (born Dante Terrell Smith; December 11, 1973), best known by his stage name Mos Def ( ), is an American hip hop recording artist, actor and activist from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Best known for his music, Mos Def embarked on his hip hop career in 1994, alongside his siblings in the short-lived rap group Urban Thermo Dynamics (UTD), after which he appeared on albums by Da Bush Babees and De La Soul. He subsequently formed the duo Black Star, alongside fellow Brooklyn-based rapper Talib Kweli, and they released their eponymous debut album in 1998. He was featured on the roster of Rawkus Records and in 1999 released his solo debut, "Black on Both Sides". His debut was followed by "The New Danger" (2004), "True Magic" (2006) and "The Ecstatic" (2009). The editors at About.com listed him as the 14th greatest emcee of all time on their "50 greatest MC's of our time" list.
Love Rain (Jill Scott song) "Love Rain" is a 1999 song by Jill Scott co-written with Vidal Davis. The song appears twice on Scott's debut album "Who Is Jill Scott? Words and Sounds Vol. 1" with Mos Def. A further two remixes, again with Mos Def, appeared on "Collaborations"; "Love Rain" (Head Nod Remix featuring Mos Def) – 5:02 and
Mos Def discography The discography of Yasiin Bey / Mos Def, an American rapper, consists of four solo albums, two compilation albums, and several singles. Mos Def began his hip hop career in 1994 in the underground rap group UTD (Urban Thermo Dynamics) alongside his sibling group members DCQ and Ces, after which he pursued a solo career. In 1998, he made his mainstream debut on Rawkus Records in the trio Black Star with rapper Talib Kweli and producer Hi-Tek. "Definition", the single from Black Star's self-titled debut album, reached #60 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and #3 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.
Black on Both Sides Black on Both Sides is the debut album of American rapper Mos Def, released on October 12, 1999, by Rawkus Records and Columbia Records. Prior to the album's recording, Mos Def had collaborated with rapper Talib Kweli for the duo's studio album, "Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star" (1998), which raised high expectations for a solo effort. "Black on Both Sides" features an emphasis on live instrumentation and socially conscious lyrics. On February 2, 2000, the album was certified Gold in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), following sales in excess of 500,000 copies.
Black Star (rap duo) Black Star is an American hip hop duo formed in 1997, from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. The duo is composed of rappers Yasiin Bey (Mos Def) and Talib Kweli. They released a number of singles and one album, "Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star" on August 26, 1998. The record received critical acclaim, but only moderate commercial success. Since then the duo has worked together intermittently on soundtracks and other projects.
The Ecstatic The Ecstatic is the 2009 fourth studio album by American rapper Mos Def. After venturing further away from hip hop with an acting career and two poorly received albums, Mos Def signed with Downtown Records and recorded "The Ecstatic" primarily at the Record Plant in Los Angeles. He worked with producers such as Preservation, Mr. Flash, Oh No, and Madlib, the latter two of whom reused instrumentals they had produced on Stones Throw Records. Singer Georgia Anne Muldrow, formerly of the record label, was one of the album's few guest vocalists, along with rappers Slick Rick and Talib Kweli. For its front cover, a still from Charles Burnett's 1978 film "Killer of Sheep" was reproduced in red tint.
Best of Decade I: 1995–2005 Best of Decade I: 1995–2005 is a compilation album, featuring singles released on Rawkus Records during their first ten years. The compilation revolves around the label's star Mos Def, who appears on eight of the fifteen tracks. There is one previously unreleased track featured on the album, which is the Mos Def song ""Beef"".
Def Poetry Jam Russell Simmons presents Def Poetry, better known as simply Def Poetry Jam or Def Poetry, was a spoken word poetry television series hosted by Mos Def and airing on HBO between 2002 and 2007. The series features performances by established and up-and-coming spoken word poets. Performances also include special appearances by well-known actors and musicians, as well as occasional performances by Mos Def himself. Co-created by Bruce George, Danny Simmons, Deborah Pointer, Stan Lathan, and Russell Simmons, the show is a spin-off of the popular "Def Comedy Jam" which began airing on HBO in the 90's. As with "Def Comedy", Simmons appears at the end of every episode to thank the audience.
True Magic True Magic is the third studio album by American rapper Mos Def. It was released on December 29, 2006, by Geffen Records. After Geffen had absorbed Mos Def's record label Rawkus, the album was released haphazardly to fulfill a contractual obligation; its physical release lacked a booklet, cover art, lyrics, or credits and followed an online leak of the music. "True Magic" received mostly mixed reviews from critics and reached 97,000 copies sold by 2014.
Rafael Casal Rafael Casal (born August 8, 1985) is an American writer, performance poet, recording artist, educator, playwright and founding member of the group The Getback. Over his young career, Casal has been praised and awarded internationally for his poetry, featured by major print and web editorials for his music, has directed numerous theater productions and film shorts, and taught creative writing and performance to high school and University undergraduate students. His work has been featured by networks like HBO and MTV, and he has performed at hundreds of venues and University campuses throughout the country and beyond. Casal has shared the stage with the likes of Common, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, KRS-One, Floetry, Kanye West, Saul Williams, Alanis Morissette, De La Soul, Dead Prez, George Clinton, Carole King, Lauryn Hill & numerous others, performing in front of crowds of up to 30,000. His career in numerous different artistic mediums orbit his foundation in writing and storytelling, often documenting narratives and experiences from his origins in the Bay Area, California, and his travels.
Appy Fizz Appy Fizz is a product by Parle Agro, introduced in India in 2005. Appy Fizz consists of carbonated apple juice, and is used as the basis for cocktails and is a popular drink with the youth. After the success of Appy which was clean apple juice, Parle launched its sequel product as Grappo Fizz, which is a carbonated grape juice.
Painkiller (cocktail) A Painkiller is a rum cocktail trademarked by Pusser's Rum Ltd, their signature drink. It is often associated with Tiki establishments. The Painkiller is a blend of Pusser's rum with 4 parts pineapple juice, 1 part cream of coconut and 1 part orange juice, well shaken and served over the rocks with a generous amount of fresh nutmeg on top. It may be made with either two, three or four ounces of Pusser's dark rum.
Juice Juice is a beverage made from the extraction or pressing out of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood (e.g., clam juice). Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods allowed for its preservation without using fermentation (the approach used with wine production). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimated the total world production of citrus fruit juices to be 12,840,318 tonnes in 2012. The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increased with country income level. To the American food industry, fruit juice is more profitable than only fruit.
Doi Kham The Doi Kham Company (Thai : ดอยคำ ) is a rural farm development project of King Bhumibol's started in 1969. The meaning of the words "Doi Kham" comes from two northern Thai words. The word "doi" means "mountain" or "hill" while the word "kham" is a shortened word for "thongkham" which means "gold". The company produces a variety of agricultural products including ready-to-drink fruit juice, fruit juice concentrates, dehydrated fruits, fruit jam, canned fruits, tomato paste, frozen fruit and full fat soya flour.
Natalie's Orchid Island Natalie's Orchid Island is an American fruit juice brand and the chief marque of the Orchid Island Juice Company. The company was founded by Marygrace Sexton, whose husband was a 4th-generation Florida citrus grower based on the family land along the Indian River. Marygrace and her husband reformed the family's primarily packing-oriented operation to produce freshly-squeezed juice, and in November 1990 landed the new company's first distribution deal with Carnival Fruit of Miami. After a boom of rapid growth, Marygrace turned to her family (the Martinellis) for assistance, and they helped her turn her fledgling outfit into a major juice production facility based out of Fort Pierce, Florida.
Vampiro (cocktail) The Vampiro is a cold mixed cocktail that includes fruit juice, spices, fruit soda, fresh lime juice, and tequila, a distilled alcoholic beverage that is popular in Mexico. The Vampiro "...has a fruity, lightly carbonated, and spicy taste to it."
Pago International Pago is a fruit juice producer operating internationally in the fruit juice sector. The company has been producing fruit juice for more than 100 year In the past, Pago as a member of the BRAU UNION Group, belongs to the Dutch Heineken Group. Heineken sold Pago to GRANINI JUICES. In the Netherlands Pago was distributed by Pago Nederland. They lost a lawsuit with VRUMONA in 2013. Vrumona is doing now distribution in the Netherlands.
Appletiser Appletiser is a sparkling fruit juice created by blending fruit juice with carbonated water. French-Italian immigrant Edmond Lombardi created Appletiser in 1966 in Elgin Valley of the Western Cape, South Africa.
Lebedyansky (company) Lebedyansky, a Russian multi-national company that manufacturers fruit juice, baby food, vegetable juice, and soft drinks, which is owned by PepsiCo, is the largest fruit juice manufacturer in Eastern Europe and the sixth largest in the world. Lebedyansky has two major production centers, both located in the Lipetsk Oblast.
Chivita 100% Chivita 100% is a juice brand manufactured by Chi Limited. It was first introduced into the Nigerian market in 1996 as Chivita Premium Fruit Juice. The brand’s name was changed in 2014 to Chivita 100% to reflect its 100% fruit juice offering.
Pascal Mazzotti Pasquale "Pascal" Mazzotti (16 December 1923 in Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry – 19 June 2002 in Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône) was a French actor who has appeared in film, television, and theater. He is known for having played a role in "Hibernatus" with Louis de Funès, as well as provided the voice of Le roi (The King) in the animated feature film, "Le Roi et l'oiseau" ("The King and the Mockingbird").
The Doctor in Spite of Himself (1931 film) The Doctor in Spite of Himself (Italian: Medico per forza) is a 1931 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Campogalliani. It is a free adaptation of Molière's play Le Médecin malgré lui. It was made at the Cines Studios in Rome.
Le roi malgré lui Le roi malgré lui ("King in Spite of Himself" or "The reluctant king") is an opéra-comique in three acts by Emmanuel Chabrier of 1887 with an original libretto by Emile de Najac and Paul Burani. The opera is revived occasionally, but has not yet found a place in repertory.
The Doctor in Spite of Himself (film) The Doctor in Spite of Himself () is a 1999 Hong Kong film based on the play "Le Médecin malgré lui" by Molière.
Emmanuel Chabrier Alexis Emmanuel Chabrier (] ; January 18, 1841September 13, 1894) was a French Romantic composer and pianist. Although known primarily for two of his orchestral works, "España" and "Joyeuse marche", he left an important corpus of operas (including "L'étoile"), songs, and piano music. He was admired by composers as diverse as Debussy, Ravel, Richard Strauss, Satie, Schmitt, Stravinsky, and the group of composers known as Les six. Stravinsky alluded to "España" in his ballet "Petrushka"; Gustav Mahler called "España" "the beginnings of modern music" and alluded to the "Dance Villageoise" in the "Rondo Burleske" movement of his Ninth Symphony. Ravel wrote that the opening bars of "Le roi malgré lui" changed the course of harmony in France, Poulenc wrote a biography of the composer, and Richard Strauss conducted the first staged performance of Chabrier's incomplete opera "Briséïs".
Le roi l'a dit Le roi l'a dit ("The King Has Spoken") is an opéra comique in three acts by Léo Delibes to a French libretto by Edmond Gondinet. It is a lively comedy, remarkably requiring 14 singers – six men and eight women. The libretto had first been offered in 1871 to Offenbach; the title also went through various permutations ("Le Talon rouge", "Si le Roi le savait", "Le Roi le sait") before settling on its final name. The 1885 revival brought further modifications to the libretto.
Le Médecin malgré lui Le Médecin malgré lui (] ; "The doctor/physician in spite of himself") is a farce by Molière first presented in 1666 (published as a manuscript in early 1667) at le théâtre du Palais-Royal by la Troupe du Roi. The play is one of several plays by Molière to center on Sganarelle, a character that Molière himself portrayed, and is a comedic satire of 17th century French medicine.
The Warlock in Spite of Himself The Warlock in Spite of Himself is a science fantasy novel by American author Christopher Stasheff, published in 1969. It is the first book in "Warlock of Gramarye" series. The title is a play on the title of Molière's "Le Médecin malgré lui" ("The Doctor, in Spite of Himself").
Le Médecin volant Le Médecin volant ("The Flying Doctor") is a French play by Molière, and his first, written in 1645. The date of its actual premiere is unknown, but its Paris premiere took place on 18 April 1659. Parts of the play were later reproduced in "L'Amour médecin", and "Le Médecin malgré lui". It is composed of 16 scenes and has seven characters largely based on stock "commedia dell'arte" roles:
The king is dead, long live the king! "The King is dead, long live The King!" (French: "Le roi est mort, vive le roi!" ; Spanish: "El rey ha muerto, ¡viva el rey!" ; Italian: "Il re è morto, lunga vita al re!" ; Portuguese: "O rei está morto, longa vida ao rei!" ), or simply "long live the king!", is a traditional proclamation made following the accession of a new monarch in various countries. The seemingly contradictory phrase is used to simultaneously announce the death of the previous monarch and assure the public of continuity by saluting the new monarch.
Olive Gilbert Olive Sarah Gilbert (22 November 1898 – 19 February 1981) was a British singer and actress, who, in a career spanning seven decades, performed first in opera and then in many of Ivor Novello's musicals in London's West End.
Agnes von Hohenstaufen Agnes von Hohenstaufen is an opera in three acts by the Italian composer Gaspare Spontini. The German libretto is by Ernst Benjamin Salomo Raupach. It was first staged at the Königliches Opernhaus, Berlin, on 12 June 1829. Raupach categorised "Agnes von Hohenstaufen" as a "historical-romantic" opera and it is one of a number of German works of the time set in the Middle Ages (others include Weber's "Euryanthe", Wagner's "Tannhäuser" and "Lohengrin" and Schumann's "Genoveva"). "Agnes" also contains many of the features that would be characteristic of French Grand Opera. Spontini substantially reworked the piece for a revival in 1837.
Zauvijek volim te "Zauvijek volim te" (Cyrillic: Заувијек волим те, English translation: "I Love You Forever") is a song performed by Stefan Filipović, and was the Montenegrin entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. It was performed first in the first semi-final on May 20, 2008 but failed to make it to the final. It got 23 points in total (12 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 10 from Slovenia and 1 point from San Marino), which was enough only for a 14th place.The 10 and 12 points given make this song the best Montenegrin entry so far.
Thaïs (opera) Thaïs (] ) is an opera, a "comédie lyrique" in three acts and seven tableaux, by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Gallet, based on the novel "Thaïs" by Anatole France. It was first performed at the Opéra Garnier in Paris on 16 March 1894, starring the American soprano Sibyl Sanderson, for whom Massenet had written the title role. The original production was directed by Alexandre Lapissida, with costumes designed by Charles Bianchini and sets by Marcel Jambon (act 1, scene 1; act 3) and Eugène Carpezat (act 1, scene 2; act 2). The opera was later revised by the composer and was premiered at the same opera house on 13 April 1898.
Te Siento "Te Siento" (English: I Feel You) is a song performed by reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel. The song is taken from Wisin & Yandel's re-release studio album "Evolution". It was released as the third single on December 15, 2009. On November 5, 2009 a part of the song was performed first time on the Latin Grammy Awards 2009 along with "Abusadora", using a short intro-video to perform.
Renée Fleming Renée Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American opera singer and soprano whose repertoire encompasses Richard Strauss, Mozart, Handel, bel canto, lieder, French opera and chansons, jazz and indie rock. Fleming has a full lyric soprano voice. She has performed coloratura, lyric, and lighter spinto soprano operatic roles in Italian, German, French, Czech, and Russian, aside from her native English. She also speaks fluent German and French, along with limited Italian. Her signature roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro", Desdemona in Verdi's "Otello", Violetta in Verdi's "La traviata", the title role in Dvořák's "Rusalka", the title role in Massenet's "Manon", the title role in Massenet's "Thaïs", the title role in Richard Strauss's "Arabella", the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier", and the Countess in "Capriccio".
Euryanthe Euryanthe is a German "grand, heroic, romantic" opera by Carl Maria von Weber, first performed at the Theater am Kärntnertor, Vienna on 25 October 1823. Though acknowledged as one of Weber's most important operas, the work is rarely staged because of the weak libretto by Helmina von Chézy (who, incidentally, was also the author of the failed play "Rosamunde", for which Franz Schubert wrote music). "Euryanthe" is based on the 13th-century romance ""L'Histoire du très-noble et chevalereux prince Gérard, comte de Nevers et la très-virtueuse et très chaste princesse Euriant de Savoye, sa mye.""
Sweetwater (band) Sweetwater was an American rock band originally from Los Angeles, California. They were the act scheduled to open the Woodstock Festival in 1969; however, due to being stopped by the police on their way to the festival, folksinger Richie Havens' trio (Daniel Ben Zebulon, percussion, Paul "Deano" Williams, guitar, backing vocals) performed first. Sweetwater performed next, becoming the first band to perform at the festival.
Ganglionectomy A ganglionectomy, also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Such cysts usually form on the hand, foot or wrist and may cause pain or impair body function. Aspiration of the cyst and steroid injections are typically performed first. If they fail, the cyst is excised under local, regional or even general anesthetic. Ganglionectomies are also performed for other reasons, such as the treatment of chronic pain.
Dio, come ti amo "Dio, come ti amo" (English translation: "God, How I Love You") was performed first time as duo by Domenico Modugno and Gigliola Cinquetti in San Remo Festival, 1966. Later it was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, performed in Italian by Domenico Modugno.
2016 FA Community Shield The 2016 FA Community Shield (also known as the 2016 FA Community Shield supported by McDonald's for sponsorship reasons) was the 94th FA Community Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup. The match was contested by 2015–16 FA Cup winners Manchester United, and Leicester City, champions of the 2015–16 Premier League. It was held at Wembley Stadium a week before the Premier League season kicked off. Manchester United won the match 2–1 with goals from Jesse Lingard and Zlatan Ibrahimović, either side of a goal from Leicester striker Jamie Vardy.
2010 FA Community Shield The 2010 FA Community Shield was the 88th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 8 August 2010, and contested by league and cup double winners Chelsea and league runners-up Manchester United. Manchester United won the match 3–1 with goals from Antonio Valencia, Javier Hernández and Dimitar Berbatov; Chelsea's consolation goal came from Salomon Kalou. It was Manchester United's 14th outright victory in the Community Shield.
2011 FA Community Shield The 2011 FA Community Shield was the 89th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was the 160th Manchester derby between Manchester United and Manchester City and played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 7 August 2011. Manchester United won the game 3–2, with goals from Chris Smalling and Nani (2), after Joleon Lescott and Edin Džeko had put City 2–0 up at half-time.
2005 FA Community Shield The 2005 FA Community Shield was the 83rd staging of the FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the reigning champions of the Premier League and the holders of the FA Cup. It was held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 7 August 2005. The game was played between Chelsea, champions of the 2004–05 Premier League and Arsenal, who beat Manchester United on penalties to win the 2005 FA Cup Final. Chelsea won the match 2–1 in front of a crowd of 58,014.
2006 FA Community Shield The 2006 FA Community Shield was a football match played between Liverpool and Chelsea on 13 August 2006 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, the annual FA Community Shield contested between the winners of the Premier League and FA Cup. Chelsea were appearing in the competition for the sixth time, while Liverpool were making their 21st appearance. It was the final Community Shield to be held at the Millennium Stadium following the reconstruction of Wembley Stadium.
2002 FA Community Shield The 2002 FA Community Shield was the 80th FA Community Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup. It was the first to be contested following the renaming of the competition, formerly titled the FA Charity Shield. The match was contested by Arsenal, who won a league and FA Cup double the previous season, and Liverpool, who finished runners-up in the league. It was held at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium, on 11 August 2002. Arsenal won the match by one goal to nil, watched by a crowd of 67,337.
2009 FA Community Shield The 2009 FA Community Shield was the 87th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested at Wembley Stadium, London, on 9 August 2009, and contested by 2008–09 Premier League champions Manchester United, and Chelsea as the winners of the 2008–09 FA Cup, a repeat of the 2007 match. The game ended in a 2–2 draw – the goals coming from Nani and Wayne Rooney for Manchester United, and from Ricardo Carvalho and Frank Lampard for Chelsea – with Chelsea winning 4–1 on penalties.
2015 FA Community Shield The 2015 FA Community Shield (also known as the 2015 FA Community Shield supported by McDonald's for sponsorship reasons) was the 93rd FA Community Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup. The match was contested by Arsenal, the 2014–15 FA Cup winners, and Chelsea, champions of the 2014–15 Premier League. It was held at Wembley Stadium on 2 August 2015. Watched by a crowd of 85,437 and a television audience of over a million, Arsenal won the match 1–0.
2013 FA Community Shield The 2013 FA Community Shield was the 91st FA Community Shield, played on 11 August 2013 at Wembley Stadium, between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by the champions of the 2012–13 Premier League, Manchester United, and the 2012–13 FA Cup winners, Wigan Athletic. Following Wigan's relegation to the Football League Championship just days after their cup triumph, it was the first time a team from outside the top division featured in the Community Shield since West Ham United in 1980.
2003 FA Community Shield The 2003 FA Community Shield was the 81st FA Community Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. It was held at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium, on 10 August 2003. The match was played between Manchester United, champions of the 2002–03 Premier League and Arsenal, who beat Southampton 1–0 in the 2003 FA Cup Final. Manchester United won the Shield 4–3 on penalties, after the match finished 1–1 after 90 minutes.
NaGISA NaGISA (Natural Geography in Shore Areas or Natural Geography of In-Shore Areas) is an international collaborative effort aimed at inventorying, cataloguing, and monitoring biodiversity of the in-shore area. So named for the Japanese word "nagisa" ("where the land meets the sea"), it is an Apronym. NaGISA is the first project of the larger CoML effort (Census of Marine Life) to have global participation in actual field work. The actual procedures of this project involve inexpensive collection equipment (for easy universal participation). This equipment is used to photograph sampling sites, to actually take samples from the sites, and to process these samples. At each site throughout the world, samples are taken from the intertidal zone out to a depth of 10 meters (and optionally out to 20 meters depth). These samples are then processed (the organisms are isolated) and then analyzed and catalogued. The information (regarding the kind and number of organisms analyzed) is sent to the global headquarters of NaGISA- the University of Kyoto in Japan. All of this information is then collated on the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS website). The end goal of the larger CoML effort is to find what "was", what "is", and what "will be" in the world's oceans. For NaGISA the goal is to find this in the world's in-shore areas.
Ur-Hamlet The Ur-Hamlet (the German prefix "Ur-" means "primordial") is a play by an unknown author, thought to be either Thomas Kyd or William Shakespeare. No copy of the play, dated by scholars to the second half of 1587, survives today. The play is known to have been staged in London, more specifically at The Burbages Shoreditch Playhouse as recalled by Elizabethan author Thomas Lodge. The play is known to have a character named Hamlet; the only other known character from the play is a ghost who cries, "Hamlet, revenge!"