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Karl Marx: The Story of His Life Karl Marx: The Story of His Life (German: "Karl Marx. Geschichte seines Lebens" ) is a 1918 book about Karl Marx by Franz Mehring, a German historian. Considered the classical biography of Marx, the work has been translated into many languages, including Russian (1920), Danish (1922), Hungarian (1925), Japanese (1930), Spanish (1932), and English (1935).
Chico Marx Leonard Marx (March 22, 1887 – October 11, 1961), known professionally as Chico Marx, was an American comedian, musician, bandleader, actor and film star. He was a member of the Marx Brothers (Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, and Zeppo Marx). His persona in the act was that of a charming, dim-witted albeit crafty con artist, seemingly of rural Italian origin, who wore shabby clothes and sported a curly-haired wig and Tyrolean hat. In virtually every film that includes the main trio of the Marx Brothers, Chico is seen working with Harpo Marx, usually as partners in crime. Leonard was the oldest of the Marx Brothers to live past early childhood (first-born Manfred Marx had died in infancy). In addition to his work as a performer, he played an important role in the management and development of the act in its early years.
Une double famille Une double famille ("A Second Home") is a lengthy short story by Honoré de Balzac, which first appeared in 1830 under the title "La femme vertueuse" ("The Virtuous Woman"). It was subsequently published in 1832 by Mame et Delaunay as part of Balzac's "Scènes de la vie privée" ("Scenes from Private Life"). In 1835 it appeared, in an edition by Madame Béchet, in the collection "Études de mœurs" ("Studies of Manners"). The novel only acquired its present title in 1842, when the fifth edition appeared in Volume I of the "Scenes from Private Life", which was also the first volume of Balzac's "La Comédie humaine".
Marx Reloaded Marx Reloaded is a 2011 German documentary film written and directed by the British writer and theorist Jason Barker. Featuring interviews with several well-known philosophers, the film aims to examine the relevance of Karl Marx's ideas in relation to the Great Recession. The film's title is a wordplay on "The Matrix Reloaded", the sequel to "The Matrix," which is parodied in the documentary.
Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza. Kennedy was fatally shot by a former U.S Marine, Lee Harvey Oswald, while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964 concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Kennedy's death marked the fourth (following Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley) and most recent assassination of an American President. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became President upon Kennedy's death.
Rosemary Kennedy Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was the oldest daughter born to Joseph, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and a sister of President John F. Kennedy, and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy.
John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame The John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame is a presidential memorial at the gravesite of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in Arlington National Cemetery. The permanent site replaced a temporary grave and eternal flame used during President Kennedy's funeral on November 25, 1963. The site was designed by architect John Carl Warnecke, a long-time friend of the President. The permanent John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame grave site was consecrated and opened to the public on March 15, 1967.
Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy A pink Chanel suit was worn by Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy on November 22, 1963, when her husband, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Made of wool bouclé, the double-breasted, strawberry pink and navy trim collared suit was matched with a trademark matching pink pillbox hat and white gloves. After President Kennedy was assassinated, Jacqueline Kennedy insisted on wearing the suit, stained with his blood, during the swearing-in of Lyndon B. Johnson on Air Force One and for the flight back to Washington, D.C. with the President’s body.
An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 is a biography of the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy (JFK), who was assassinated in 1963. It was written by Bancroft Prize-winning historian Robert Dallek, a professor at Boston University. Robert Dallek researched JFK for five years, using National Security Archives, oral histories, White House tapes, and medical records in his preparations. Dallek contends that historians have underestimated JFK's achievements, especially with foreign policy.
Warren Commission The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through Executive Order on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963. The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964 and made public three days later. It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald acted entirely alone. It also concluded that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later. The Commission's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies.
John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums is a ninety-minute filmed memorial tribute to President John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated on November 22, 1963. It was completed in 1964, and released to theatres by Embassy Pictures in 1966. The film, containing both color and black-and-white footage, is narrated by Gregory Peck, and features extensive excerpts from President Kennedy's speeches, including color footage of his swearing in and inaugural address. It was written and directed by Bruce Herschensohn, who also composed the music - long before he was recognized as a noted conservative. Maximilian Schell narrated the German version.
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy, also known as the Kennedy Administration, began January 20, 1961, when John F. Kennedy was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on November 22, 1963, when he was assassinated, a span of days. This timeline begins on January 2, 1960, the date when then U.S. Senator Kennedy announced his intention to run for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, and concludes on November 25, 1963, when the martyred president was buried. Kennedy, the 35th United States president, was the first Roman Catholic as well as the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president. Additionally, he is the youngest individual ever elected to the office.
Rosemary Willis (Miss Virginia) Rosemary Willis, (born December 31, 1990) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Chesapeake, Virginia who was named Miss Virginia 2012.
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy The grave of Robert F. Kennedy is a historic grave site and memorial to assassinated U.S. Senator and 1968 Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy located in section 45 of Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States. It was dedicated on December 6, 1971, and replaced a temporary grave in which Kennedy was originally buried on June 8, 1968. It is adjacent to the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame.
Lovisa Simson Lovisa Concordia Simson, née "Kliecnik" or "Lindström" (1746 – 26 February 1808, Gothenburg), was a Swedish theater director. She was the managing director of the theater "Comediehuset" in Gothenburg between 1787 and 1792. She was the first female theater director over a permanent theater (rather than a travelling theater company) in her country.
Ahmad Kamyabi Mask Ahmad Kamyabi Mask (Persian: احمد کامیابی مَسْک‎ ‎ ; born 1944) is a writer, translator, publisher, and current Professor Emeritus of Modern Drama and Theater of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran. He is a prominent scholar of French Avant-garde theater and influential in the study of Eugène Ionesco and Samuel Beckett.
Ethel Rojo Ethel Rojo (née Ethel Inés Rojo Castro; December 23, 1937 in Santiago del Estero – June 24, 2012 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine actress, vedette, dancer and theater director. She was the sister of Gogó Rojo.
DMPO's on Broadway Live at DMPO's on Broadway is a VHS/DVD of the Dead Kennedys' performance at the old San Francisco avant-garde theater, DMPO's on Broadway. It was filmed on June 16, 1984, the last night the theater was open before it was torn down. The show is about an hour long and includes 14 songs. Originally released on VHS in 1985 as "Live In San Francisco", it was released on DVD on August 29, 2000, under its current title.
Christoph Marthaler Christoph Marthaler (born Oсtober 17, 1951, Erlenbach, Switzerland) is a Swiss director and musician, working in the style of avant-garde theater, such as Expressionism and Dada, a theater of the absurd elements.
Jean Erdman Jean Erdman (born February 20, 1916) is an American dancer and choreographer of modern dance as well as an avant-garde theater director.
Ethel Winter Ethel Winter (June 18, 1924 – March 10, 2012) was an American ballet dancer and dance instructor. Winter was an early ballet dancer with the Martha Graham Dance Company from the 1940s to the 1960s, working with other notable early members of the company, including Martha Graham, Yuriko, Yuriko, Ethel Butler, Jean Erdman, and Patricia Birch. She later taught dance and ballet at the Juilliard School.
Teatr Tworzenia Teatr Tworzenia, or The Theater of Creation, Polish avant-garde theater, founded by Jarosław Pijarowski. According to the author's definition it is: "Uninstitutionalized form of realization of creative ideas, consisting on intuitive-improvisational thematic activities; Have on the goal of integration and promotion of creative thought (word, music, theater, paintings) in audio-visual forms.
Richard Foreman Richard Foreman (born June 10, 1937 in New York City) is an American playwright and avant-garde theater pioneer. He is the founder of the Ontological-Hysteric Theater.
Fotos Politis German educated Greek stage director Fotos Politis (Greek: Φώτος Πολίτης), 1890-1934, was one of the most prominent figures in the revival of the ancient Greek tragedies in the 20th century. A literary and theater reviewer and playwright, who was responsible for the creation of what came to be called “the theatrical tradition of the National Theater of Greece”, he developed original teaching methods for aspiring young actors in Athenian drama schools while the rehearsals for the plays that he staged were known for their long duration and exhaustive intensity. Politis felt an obligation to educate not only the actors, corrupted by the French "Théâtre de boulevard" of the time, but also the general public by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of ancient Greek tragedy, Shakespeare, classical European theater and avant-garde theater.
Spain national football team The Spain national football team (Spanish: "Selección de fútbol de España" ) represents Spain in men's International association football and is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, the governing body for football in Spain. The current head coach is Julen Lopetegui after Vicente del Bosque stepped down following Euro 2016. The Spanish side is commonly referred to as "La Roja" ("The Red [One]"), "La Furia Roja" ("The Red Fury"), "La Furia Española" ("The Spanish Fury") or simply "La Furia" ("The Fury"). Spain became a member of FIFA in 1904 even though the Spanish Football Federation was first established in 1909. Spain's national team debuted in 1920. Since then, the Spanish national team has participated in a total of 14 of 20 FIFA World Cups and 10 of 15 UEFA European Championships.
Marco Tardelli Marco Tardelli (] ; born 24 September 1954) is an Italian former football player and manager. At club level, he played as a defensive midfielder for several Italian clubs; he began his career with Pisa, and later played for Como, Juventus, and Internazionale, before retiring with Swiss club St. Gallen. He enjoyed a highly successful career with Juventus, winning five league titles, as well as multiple Coppa Italia titles, and four major UEFA competitions (European Cup, Cup Winner's Cup, UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup), becoming one of the first three players ever to win all three major UEFA club competitions, along with Italy and Juventus teammates Antonio Cabrini and Gaetano Scirea. A FIFA World Cup-winner, Tardelli also achieved success with the Italian national team: he represented his nation at a total of three FIFA World Cups (1978, 1982 and 1986), winning the 1982 edition of the tournament, while he managed a fourth-place finish in 1978; he also took part at UEFA Euro 1980, in which he managed a fourth-place finish on home soil, and was named to the team of the tournament.
Argentina at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Argentina's results at the FIFA World Cup. Argentina is one of the most successful national football teams in the world, having won 2 World Cups in 1978 and 1986. Argentina has been runners up three times in the 1930, 1990 and 2014. The team was present in all but four of the World Cups, being behind only Brazil, Italy and Germany in number of appearances. Argentina has also won the Copa América 14 times, one less than Uruguay. Moreover, Argentina has also won the Confederations Cup and the gold medal at the Olympic football tournament in 2004 and 2008. Prior to that occasion Argentina had obtained two silver medals in the 1928 and 1996 editions. On other levels of international competition Argentina has won the FIFA U-20 World Cup a record six times. The FIFA U-17 World Cup is the only FIFA international competition yet to be obtained.
Josep Raich Josep Raich Garriga (August 28, 1913 - 25 July 1988) is a former Spanish footballer of Catalan ethnicity who played for Joventut FC, CE Júpiter and FC Barcelona in Spain and FC Sète and Troyes AC in France. He played once for Spain in 1941.
René Llense René Llense (14 July 1913 – 12 March 2014) was a French football goalkeeper, who played for FC Sète and AS Saint-Étienne during his club career. He was born in Collioure, Pyrénées-Orientales. He earned 11 caps for the France national football team from 1935 to 1939, and participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup and the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He was their last surviving player to have participated in either of the pre-war World Cups. . He turned 100 in July 2013 and died on 12 March 2014 from natural causes.
History of the Scotland national football team The history of the Scotland national football team dates back to the first ever international football match in 1872. Until the Second World War, Scotland mainly competed against the other Home Nations in the British Home Championship, with the most keenly contested fixture being the match with England. The Scottish Football Association, which governs the team, joined the international governing body FIFA in 1910, but along with the other Home Nations withdrew from FIFA in 1928. This meant that Scotland did not participate in the World Cups of 1930, 1934 or 1938. The Home Nations rejoined FIFA after the Second World War and Scotland then started to participate in international competitions. Scotland have since participated in eight World Cups and two European Championship tournaments, but have never progressed beyond the first stage. Scotland have not qualified for a tournament since the 1998 World Cup.
Emerson (footballer, born 1976) Émerson Ferreira da Rosa (born 4 April 1976), simply known as Emerson, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Miami Dade FC as a defensive midfielder. He played 73 games for the Brazil national team between 1997 and 2006, winning the 1999 Copa America and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, also reaching the 1998 World Cup Final. With Brazil, he has taken part in two FIFA World Cups (1998, 2006, missing out on the 2002 FIFA World Cup due to injury), two Copa Américas (1999, 2001), and three Confederation Cups (1999, 2003, 2005).
Juan Pablo Sorín Juan Pablo Sorín (born 5 May 1976) is an Argentine former footballer and current sports broadcaster, who played as a left back or left midfielder. He had a successful club career in his native Argentina with River Plate, in Brazil with Cruzeiro, and with various teams in Europe, including Barcelona, Lazio, Paris Saint-Germain and Villarreal. At international level, he represented the Argentina national team at two FIFA World Cups, and was the captain of Argentine side at the 2006 FIFA World Cup; he also represented his nation in two editions of Copa América, and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup. He currently works as an analyst for ESPN Brasil.
2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids The bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups was the process by which the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) selected locations for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups. The process began officially in March 2009; eleven bids from thirteen countries were received, including one which was withdrawn and one that was rejected before FIFA's executive committee voted in November 2010. Two of the remaining nine bids applied only to the 2022 World Cup, while the rest were initially applications for both. Over the course of the bidding, all non-European bids for the 2018 event were withdrawn, resulting in the exclusion of all European bids from consideration for the 2022 edition. By the time of the decision, bids for the 2018 World Cup included England, Russia, a joint bid from Belgium and Netherlands, and a joint bid from Portugal and Spain. Bids for the 2022 World Cup came from Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. Indonesia's bid was disqualified due to lack of governmental support, and Mexico withdrew its bid for financial reasons.
Australia 2022 FIFA World Cup bid Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On 2 December 2010 FIFA announced that the event would be held in Qatar. Australia also lodged a bid for the 2018 World Cup, but withdrew the bid on 10 June 2010. The 2018 and 2022 World Cups will be the 21st and 22nd editions of the FIFA World Cup. The bidding procedure to host both the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup began in January 2009, and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest. The bid was presented by Frank Lowy, Ben Buckley, Quentin Bryce and Elle Macpherson. However, due to controversies of Qatar hosting, Australia's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar's 2022 hosting rights.
We Are Poets We Are Poets is a documentary film directed by Daniel Lucchesi and Alex Ramseyer-Bache. It follows six young poets from Leeds Young Authors performance poetry group in Leeds on their visit to the international Poetry Slam Competition in Washington D.C, United States. It premièred at Europe's largest Documentary Film festival - Doc/Fest in Sheffield's Showroom Cinema on 11 June 2011, where it won the coveted Sheffield Youth Jury Award.
The Frog Princes The Frog Princes is a 2011 documentary film directed by Omar Majeed and Ryan Mullins. This film follows the story of a Montreal-based theater troupe training for a play adaptation of the fairytale "The Princess and the Frog." All twenty actors in the troupe have intellectual and developmental disabilities. The film is shot as a play within a play. The film centers on the lead actor in the play, Ray-Man (named by his parents after artist Man Ray), a young adult with Down syndrome. The film follows the personal struggles of the cast as they prepare for the play, working with the director, Dr. Stephen Snow. Snow is a trained theatre director at The Centre for the Arts in Human Development at Concordia University.
Paperback Dreams Paperback Dreams is a 2008 television documentary film about the fate of bookstores in the new economy, that was part of the KQED (San Francisco's PBS station) documentary film series, "Truly CA". It is "the story of two landmark independent bookstores and their struggle to survive. The film follows Andy Ross, owner of Cody's Books, and Clark Kepler, owner of Kepler's Books, over the course of two tumultuous years in the book business."
Roller Life Roller Life is a 2016 American documentary film executive produced and directed by Michael Brown. The film's story follows the Brewcity Bruisers, a flat track roller derby league that belongs to the Women's Flat Track Derby Association, for a full season. The film follows around eight roller derby athletes and captures the essence of their lives both on and off the track. The documentary looks into misconceptions of the sport and covers the full action of the roller derby season. Roller Life premiered at the historic Oriental Theatre on October 19th, 2016. It was chosen as an official selection to the 2017 Milwaukee film festival.
SlamNation SlamNation is a documentary film by director Paul Devlin. The film follows the National Poetry Slam in Portland, Oregon.
Faraz Anwar (film) Faraz Anwar – Documentary is a 2005 documentary film directed and produced by Haroon Sheikh. The documentary film follows the experience of Faraz Anwar, lead guitarist and vocalist of the Pakistani progressive rock band Mizraab, in the music industry. The documentary was released on November, 2005, by Poison Wood Productions.
Hangman's Graveyard Hangman's Graveyard is a Canadian documentary film which was originally broadcast in Canada on History Television on December 6, 2009. A work-in-progress screening of the film was presented at the Ontario Archaeological Society’s 36th annual symposium and as the opening film of DocFest Stratford in October 2009. The film follows an archaeological investigation at Toronto's old Don Jail beginning in September 2007. The archaeologists uncovered a cemetery behind the jail and began a process of identifying the remains. In total, 15 bodies were found, and all are thought to be remains of executed inmates. The archaeological team is led by Dr. Ronald Williamson of Archaeological Services Inc. Produced by Canada's Ballinran Productions, the company behind the Gemini and IFTA nominated documentary "Death or Canada", the film follows the lives of three men found in the forgotten cemetery - George Bennett, Jan Ziolko and Frederick Davis - and examines the history of the Don Jail, capital punishment in Canada and the nation's most feared hangman, Arthur Ellis.
Useless (film) Useless () is a 2007 documentary film directed by Jia Zhangke. It is Jia's second full-length documentary film after 2006's "Dong". The film follows China's fashion and clothing industry. The film was produced by Jia Zhangke's own Xstream Pictures, in association with the China Film Association and the Mixmind Art and Design Company.
Polio v/s Polio victims Polio v/s Polio Victims is the National Award Winning Documentary film. The documentary won "Best Motivational/ Educational Film" at the 56th National Film Awards. The documentary follows a group of polio victims who took to the streets in 2008 to spread the message of the Pulse Polio Campaign. The film follows them as they go door to door, in various slums in Mumbai, to spread awareness about the upcoming "Pulse Polio Day".
Bukowski (1973 film) Bukowski is a 1973 documentary film produced by Taylor Hackford and directed by Richard Davies that follows Los Angeles poet Charles Bukowski to San Francisco for a poetry reading. The full 60-minute documentary begins with footage of Bukowski in his Los Angeles home and neighborhood as he discusses his history as a postal worker as well as his approach to and perspective on poetry. The film then shows him flying with Linda King to San Francisco for the poetry reading followed by interactions with attendees after the show. One night the window of his room is broken during a fight between some guests and then a fight between Charles and Linda causes her to leave. Interviews follow with Liza and Linda about their relationship with Charles. Bukowski is shown betting at the track and explaining his betting strategy.
Mahalakshmi Layout Mahalakshmi Layout is a suburb in north-west Bengaluru, India. It is near Rajajinagar, Basaveshwaranagar and Yeshwanthapura. Together with Nandini Layout and Mahalakshmipuram, it is one of the biggest layouts in Bengaluru. The famous temple of Lord Hanuman etched on a single monolith stone is a prominent temple in this area. True to its name, there is also temple in the name of goddess Mahalakshmi. This area has a few people well known in Bangalore as its residents the most popular .
December 2010 Bajaur bombing On 25 December 2010, at least 47 people were killed and over 100 others injured, after a female suicide bomber detonated her explosives in a large crowd of people displaced by fighting, who were collecting food at a distribution centre of the World Food Programme in the Pakistani town of Khar, which is located within the Bajaur tribal region, of north-western Pakistan. It was later reported by witnesses, that the bomber dressed in a full-length burka had reportedly thrown a grenade after resisting search, to which then the bomber proceeded to detonate her explosives. Several police officials confirmed the bomber was a woman, as opposed to the more likely occurrence of a man wearing the burka as a disguise, in order to successfully conduct this suicide attack. It was also known that those in this crowd were predominantly displaced members of the Salarzai Tribe, which has supported Pakistan Army operations against the Pakistani Taliban within the Bajaur tribal regions. Those dozens of people injured in this suicide attack were apparently later taken to local hospitals via means of helicopters. Local Witnesses, including that of a government official at the main government hospital within the region, Dosti Rehman, claimed that he had personally counted some 40 bodies. However there are concerns that the death toll could very likely rise, as the official stated that several of those injured, as a result of this suicide attack were apparently in a critical condition at the local hospitals. This particular bombing acts as one of a string of recent suicide attacks, which have occurred with near impunity, predominantly throughout Pakistan's north-western, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, of north-western Pakistan. No particular militant group has of yet claimed responsibility for this suicide attack, although the Pakistani Taliban are strong suspects. The Bajaur tribal region has reportedly seen several Pakistan Army military operations in recent years, however such suicide attacks still continue throughout the region with near impunity. The Pakistani Prime Minister, Yousaf Raza Gillani later condemned this suicide attack, and claimed that such military offensives would continue against the Pakistani Taliban. This statement will be met with a certain degree of approval in the U.S, as Pakistan has recently been pressured to launch a major ground-offensive in the nearby North Waziristan tribal region, in order to root-out and destroy the last major remaining safe-haven for Radical Islamist and Pakistani Taliban insurgents within the country. The U.N World Food Programme later suspended its food distribution activities in the Bajaur tribal region, as a security precaution to this suicide attack. This suicide bombing was strongly condemned by U.S president, Barack Obama. The Pakistani Taliban later claimed responsibility for this suicide attack. This suicide bombing was officially declared the first such suicide attack to involve a female in Pakistan.
Oklahoma City bombing The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one-third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16-block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history.
Human Shadow Etched in Stone Human Shadow Etched in Stone (Japanese: 人影の石 ) is an exhibition at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. It is thought to be the outline of a person, who was sitting at the entrance of Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank that remained, when the atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima. It is also known as Human Shadow of Death.
Bombing of Dresden in World War II The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, that took place during the Second World War in the European Theatre. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed over 1600 acre of the city centre. An estimated 22,700 to 25,000 people were killed, although inflated casualty figures have been claimed over the years. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railroad marshaling yard and one small raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas.
2009 Hotel Shamo bombing The 2009 Hotel Shamo bombing was a suicide bombing at the Hotel Shamo in Mogadishu, Somalia, on 3 December 2009. The bombing killed 25 people, including three ministers of the Transitional Federal Government, and injured 60 more, making it the deadliest attack in Somalia since the Beledweyne bombing on 18 June 2009 that claimed more than 30 lives.
Canadian National Exhibition The Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), also known as The Ex, is an annual event that takes place at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during the 18 days leading up to and including Canadian Labour Day, the first Monday in September. With approximately 1.5 million visitors each year, the CNE is Canada’s largest annual fair and the fifth largest in North America. The first Canadian National Exhibition took place in 1879, largely to promote agriculture and technology in Canada. Agriculturists, engineers, and scientists exhibited their discoveries and inventions at the CNE to showcase the work and talent of the nation. As Canada has grown as a nation, the CNE has also changed over time, reflecting the growth in diversity and innovation, though agriculture and technology remain a large part of the CNE today. To many people in the Greater Toronto Area and the surrounding communities, the CNE is an annual family tradition.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.
Air India Flight 182 Air India Flight 182 was an Air India flight operating on the Toronto–Montreal–London–Delhi route. On 23 June 1985, the Boeing 747-237B serving the flight (c/n 21473/330, registration VT-EFO , "Emperor Kanishka") was destroyed by a bomb at an altitude of 31000 ft . It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean while in Irish airspace. It was the first bombing of a 747 jumbo jet. A total of 329 people were killed, including 268 Canadian citizens, 27 British citizens and 24 Indian citizens. The incident was the largest mass murder in Canadian history, and the deadliest incident in the history of Air India. It was the deadliest terrorist attack involving an airplane until the September 11, 2001, attacks. The bombing of Air India 182 occurred at the same time as the Narita Airport bombing. Investigators believe that the two plots were linked, and that those responsible were aiming for a double bombing. However, the bomb at Narita exploded before it could be loaded onto the plane.
Bombing of Dublin in World War II The first bombing of Dublin in World War II occurred early on the morning of 2 January 1941, when German bombs were dropped on the Terenure area of south Dublin. This was followed, early on the following morning of 3 January 1941, by further German bombing of houses on Donore Terrace in the South Circular Road area of south Dublin. A number of people were injured, but no one was killed in these bombings. Later that year, on 31 May 1941, four German bombs fell in north Dublin, one damaging Áras an Uachtaráin but with the greatest impact in the North Strand area, killing 28 people. However, the first bombing of the Republic of Ireland had taken place several months earlier, on 26 August 1940, when the German Luftwaffe bombed Campile, County Wexford, killing three people.
Arizona gubernatorial election, 1978 The 1978 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1978 for the post of Governor of Arizona. Democrat Bruce Babbitt defeated Republican nominee Evan Mecham. Babbitt was the former Attorney General of Arizona, but after the death of Governor Wesley Bolin, Babbit became governor. Bolin himself ascended to office from the position of Secretary of State, meaning his replacement, Rose Mofford was not eligible to the office as she was not elected. This drama of exchanging office would continue after Babbitt's term came to an end, as Mofford would become governor and succeeded Evan Mecham, Babbitt's challenger, in 1988.
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (born July 25, 1947) is an Argentine Peronist politician. Born in a family that was highly influential in the history of the San Luis Province, he became governor in 1983, after the end of the National Reorganization Process military dictatorship. He remained governor up to 2001, being re-elected in successive elections.
Union and Liberty Party The Union and Liberty Party (Spanish: "Partido Unión y Libertad" , PUL) is a political party in San Luis Province, Argentina. Independent of the Justicialist Party, it nevertheless defines itself as Peronist and supports the administration of dissident Peronist governor Alberto Rodríguez Saá with several leading PUL figures serving in the provincial government. Party leader Eduardo Gomina serves as provincial Minister of Environment.
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (elder) Adolfo Rodríguez Saá was Governor of the San Luis Province in Argentina. His grandson Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, would serve as President of Argentina. He was also grandfather and brother of San Luis Province Governors Alberto Rodríguez Saá and Ricardo Rodríguez Saá.
Rodolfo Gabrielli Rodolfo Gabrielli is an Argentine politician. He served as governor of the Mendoza Province from 1991 to 1995, and minister of Interior during the presidencies of Adolfo Rodríguez Saá and Eduardo Duhalde.
Federal Commitment Federal Commitment is an Argentinian political coalition proposed by Alberto Rodríguez Saá for the 2011 Argentinian general election. Adolfo Rodríguez Saá promoted the Commitment for 2015. The Commitment was composed of the Federal Peronism, Partido Nacionalista Constitucional(National Constitution Party) and Movimiento Independiente de Justicia y Dignidad(Independent Movement for Justice and Dignity) parties.
Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez The Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez is a 4.304 km motorsport race track in Mexico City, Mexico, named after the racing drivers Ricardo and Pedro Rodríguez. The circuit got its name shortly after it opened when Ricardo Rodríguez died in practice for the non-Championship 1962 Mexican Grand Prix. Ricardo's brother Pedro also lost his life behind the wheel nine years later. Since 2015 the track once again is a host of the Formula One Mexican Grand Prix, an event it previously hosted in two separarate time periods on a different layout, the last occasion of which was in 1992.
Rodolfo Frigeri Rodolfo Aníbal Frigeri (1 April 1941 – 2 October 2015) was an Argentine economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy and Public Finances from December 23, 2001, to December 30, 2001, during the brief administration of President Adolfo Rodríguez Saá under the title "Minister of the Treasury, Finance and Public Revenue."
List of Governors of California by age The youngest person to become governor was J. Neely Johnson (30 years, 160 days). The oldest person to become governor is Jerry Brown on January 3, 2011, who became governor at 72 years, 271 days old. Brown had previously been the sixth-youngest person to become governor in 1975, and the youngest since the 1860s, at 36 years, 275 days old (his third term began 28 years to the day after his second term expired). The median age of accession is roughly 48 years, which falls between John Bigler (19th youngest) and William Irwin (20th).
Ricardo Rodríguez Saá Ricardo Rodríguez Saá was Governor of the San Luis Province in Argentina from 1934 to 1938. His great-nephew, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, would become President of Argentina. His brother, Adolfo, and another great-nephew, Alberto, have also served as Governors of the San Luis Province.
Let Freedom Ring (film) Let Freedom Ring is a 1939 in Sepiatone Western directed by Jack Conway, starring Nelson Eddy and Virginia Bruce.
Let Freedom Ring: Winning the War of Liberty over Liberalism Let Freedom Ring: Winning the War of Liberty over Liberalism
Street Language Street Language is the title of the fourth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in 1986 (see 1986 in country music) by Columbia Records, his first release on that label. It peaked at #38 on the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, "Let Freedom Ring", "When I'm Free Again", "She Loves the Jerk" and "Looking for You" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 20. This album was co-produced by R & B artist Booker T. Jones and features a blend of Soul and country music.
Let Freedom Ring, Inc. Let Freedom Ring, Inc. (LFR) is an American conservative advocacy organization.
Let Freedom Ring Let Freedom Ring is an album by jazz saxophonist Jackie McLean, recorded in 1962 and released on the Blue Note label.
Alexander Miller (composer) Alexander Lamont Miller (born September 24, 1968) is an American music composer and Assistant Principal Oboist with the Grand Rapids Symphony. Mr. Miller's 1998 composition "Let Freedom Ring", for large orchestra and narrator, is a symphonic setting of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s historic "I Have a Dream" speech and has been performed by President Bill Clinton as well as by James Earl Jones, William Warfield and Danny Glover. Mr. Miller's composition "Fireworks" was premiered at Carnegie Hall in 2005 as part of the Grand Rapids Symphony's 75th anniversary celebration. More recently, Mr. Miller's 2009 composition "Remix in D" was commissioned by the Modesto Symphony Orchestra and performed by the Grand Rapids Symphony.
Let Freedom Ring (EP) Let Freedom Ring is the first extended play (EP) by Japanese singer and songwriter Hiroya Ozaki, released on 22 March 2017 by Toy's Factory.
Sally Maria Diggs Sally Maria Diggs (c. 1851 – ?) was an African-American slave girl, also known as "Pinky," whose freedom was famously bought by Henry Ward Beecher in 1860, during a sermon at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, NY. Beecher famously said, "No child should be in slavery, let alone a child like this’ and raised $900 to purchase her freedom. The episode was celebrated in a number of paintings and drawings at the time, including Eastman Johnson's "Freedom Ring."
Illinois Freedom Bell The Illinois Freedom Bell is located in Mount Morris, Illinois, United States, and is the official freedom bell of the U.S. state of Illinois. The bell was created for a church in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin as a replica of the Liberty Bell in 1862. In 1910, while it was being moved across the frozen Geneva Lake following a fire at the church, the ice cracked and the bell sank to the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged in 1960 and the village of Mount Morris acquired it in 1966. The Illinois Freedom Bell is rung during the annual Let Freedom Ring festival, and it can be found beneath a gazebo on the village square. The bell has been credited with starting an Independence Day bell-ringing tradition across the United States. The bell was designated the official Illinois Freedom Bell in 1971.
Freedom Ring Freedom Ring (real name Curtis Doyle) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Robert Kirkman. Curtis first appeared in "Marvel Team-Up" vol. 3 #20 (July 2006), becoming Freedom Ring in the next issue. He appeared across the series' storyline "Freedom Ring" for five issues. The character is depicted as a normal civilian who comes across a ring that grants him the ability to alter reality.
John F. Kennedy Jr. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999), often referred to as JFK Jr. or John John, was an American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher. He was a son of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and a younger brother of former Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy. His father was assassinated, just three days before his third birthday.
Kenneth O'Donnell Kenneth O'Donnell (March 4, 1924 – September 9, 1977) was an American political consultant and the special assistant and appointments secretary to President John F. Kennedy from 1961 until Kennedy's assassination in November 1963. O'Donnell was a close friend of President Kennedy and his younger brother Robert F. Kennedy, and was part of the group of Kennedy's close advisers dubbed the "Irish Mafia."
Rose Schlossberg Rose Kennedy Schlossberg (born June 25, 1988) is an American actress and the oldest child of Caroline Kennedy and first-born grandchild of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. She is a 2010 graduate of Harvard University. Schlossberg has been described as a look-alike of her grandmother, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. In 2013, Schlossberg, along with Mara Nelson-Greenberg, co-launched "End Time Girls Club", an end time-apocalyptic web television comedy series on YouTube.
John F. Kennedy autopsy The autopsy of President John F. Kennedy was performed, beginning at about 8 p.m. EST November 22, 1963, on the day of his assassination and ending at about 12:30 AM EST November 23, 1963, at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. The choice of autopsy hospital in the Washington, D.C. area was made by his widow, Jacqueline Kennedy. She chose the Bethesda Naval Hospital because President Kennedy had been a naval officer.
Mark Shaw (photographer) Mark Shaw (June 25, 1921 – January 26, 1969) was an American fashion and celebrity photographer in the 1950s and 1960s. He worked for "Life" magazine from 1952 to 1968, during which time 27 issues of "Life" carried cover photos by Shaw. Shaw's work also appeared in "Esquire", "Harper's Bazaar", "Mademoiselle", and many other publications. He is best known for his photographs of John F. Kennedy, his wife Jacqueline Kennedy, and their children, Caroline and John F. Kennedy, Jr. In 1964, many of these images were published in the book "The John F. Kennedys: A Family Album", which became a bestseller.
Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy Carolyn Jeanne Kennedy (January 7, 1966July 16, 1999) was a publicist for Calvin Klein and the wife of John F. Kennedy Jr., the son of President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Onassis. Upon her marriage, Kennedy's relationship with her husband and her fashion sense became the subject of intense media scrutiny, drawing comparisons to her mother-in-law.
Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy A pink Chanel suit was worn by Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy on November 22, 1963, when her husband, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Made of wool bouclé, the double-breasted, strawberry pink and navy trim collared suit was matched with a trademark matching pink pillbox hat and white gloves. After President Kennedy was assassinated, Jacqueline Kennedy insisted on wearing the suit, stained with his blood, during the swearing-in of Lyndon B. Johnson on Air Force One and for the flight back to Washington, D.C. with the President’s body.
Newton D. Baker House Newton D. Baker House, also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House, is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington, D.C.. Built in 1794, it was home of Newton D. Baker, who was Secretary of War, during 1916-1920, while "he presided over America's mass mobilization of men and material in World War I. After the assassination of president John F. Kennedy in 1963, Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year.
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (August 7, 1963 – August 9, 1963) was the last child of United States President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. He was the younger brother of Caroline and John Jr., and had a third sibling who was stillborn. Born prematurely, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy lived just over 39 hours before desperate attempts to save him failed, putting the First Family and nation into mourning. Three months later, his death was eclipsed by his father's assassination, but eventually his short lifespan led to innovations in treatment of premature infants, which gave rise to the pediatric subspecialty neonatology.
Barnstable County Hospital Barnstable County Hospital was a hospital operated by Barnstable County, Massachusetts which was operational from the late 1800s to 1995. It was located in Pocasset, a village in Bourne. It was used after its closing as a medical examiner's office until 1999, when it was finally closed for good. The hospital was the location of the autopsy of John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife, and her sister after their deaths. Within the county, it was officially run by the Barnstable County Hospital Department, until the hospital was closed on May 1, 1995. In 2003, an agreement was entered which would allow for the creation of affordable housing on the site of the hospital. The site was completely leveled, with the exception of two buildings.
Paul Clark (politician) Paul Gordon Clark (born 29 April 1957) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gillingham from 1997 to 2010. During his time in government Paul Clark served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Derry Irvine, Charles Falconer, John Prescott, and Ed Balls, before being promoted in 2008 to the role of Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Transport. In the 2010 election Clark was defeated by the Conservative candidate Rehman Chishti in the newly formed constituency of Gillingham and Rainham.
Chris Skidmore Christopher James Skidmore, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 17 May 1981) is a British politician, author, and historian. He has served since 2010 as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingswood, South Gloucestershire, and in 2015 became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. When Theresa May became Prime Minister in 2016 he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary at the Cabinet Office, where he is described as Minister for the Constitution.
Justin Tomlinson Justin Paul Tomlinson (born 5 November 1976) is the Conservative MP for North Swindon. He was originally a Conservative Councillor on Swindon Borough Council, being elected in 2000. He is the current Member of Parliament for Swindon North. He was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Disabled People following the 2015 general election victory of the Conservative Party, serving until new Prime Minister Theresa May reshuffled the government in 2016. Prior to that he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Ed Vaizey.
Wayne David Wayne David (born 1 July 1957) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Caerphilly since 2001. He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Wales Office from 2008 to 2010. He was appointed Shadow Europe Minister in 2010, Shadow Minister for Political and Constitutional Reform in 2011 and as Ed Miliband's Parliamentary Private Secretary in October 2013.
Gordon Birtwistle Gordon Birtwistle (born 6 September 1943) is a British Liberal Democrat politician and former MP. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Burnley, England, from May 2010 to May 2015. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Danny Alexander, Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2010 to 2012. From 2013, he was Government Apprenticeship Ambassador to Business.
Spencer Batiste Spencer Lee Batiste (born 5 June 1945) was the British Conservative MP for Elmet from 1983 until his 1997 defeat by Labour's Colin Burgon. He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Lord Trefgarne, Sir Geoffrey Pattie and, latterly, for European Commissioner and former Home Secretary Sir Leon Brittan.
Robert Jenrick Robert Edward Jenrick (born 9 January 1982) is an English Conservative Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newark since 2014. He is Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Home Secretary, Rt. Hon. Amber Rudd MP and sits on the Board of the Conservative Party.
Jessica Lee Jessica Katherine Lee (born 7 April 1976) was a British Conservative Party politician. She was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Erewash in Derbyshire in 2010. She served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Attorney General, Dominic Grieve, before stepping down for the 2015 general election.
Caroline Dinenage Caroline Julia Dinenage (born 28 October 1971) is an English Conservative Party politician who was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Gosport at the 2010 general election. She was re-elected in 2015 and 2017. In July 2014, she was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Minister for Women and Equalities, Nicky Morgan. In May 2015, Dinenage was appointed to the dual roles of Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Ministry of Justice and Minister for Women and Equalities at the Department for Education. In July 2016, Dinenage was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Women, Equalities and Early Years at the Department for Education.
Tessa Munt Tessa Jane Munt (born 16 October 1959) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wells in Somerset from 2010 – 2015 and had previously served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, Vince Cable. Following the appointment of Jo Swinson as PPS to the Leader of the Liberal Democrats, Nick Clegg, Tessa was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Liberal Democrat Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, Vince Cable.
Point Break Live! Point Break Live! is a parody by Jaime Keeling of the 1991 Keanu Reeves, Patrick Swayze action crime movie "Point Break".
My Magic Last Days My Magic Last Days is a punk-rock, garage, Jewish, industrial dance album, the 21st CD from Jewish-American, bi-polar outsider punk musician, Steve Lieberman, released on 17 July 2012, when he was 54 years old.It was frequently released as a double-record set with "My Last Rock Show"(2012), in an effort to document the artist's final days on earth through his music. At the time of release, Lieberman's bone-marrow cancer and chemotherapy treatment had progressed to a point where he was forced to retire from decades of live performances and suffered much sickness during the recording and production of " My Magic Last Days". ,<br> The album peaked at #33 on KZSU Stanford University on 21 April 2013.
Kathryn Bigelow Kathryn Ann Bigelow ( ; born November 27, 1951) is an American director, producer, and writer. Her films include the vampire Western horror film "Near Dark" (1987), the action crime film "Point Break" (1991), the science fiction action thriller "Strange Days" (1995), the mystery thriller "The Weight of Water" (2000), the submarine thriller "" (2002), the war film "The Hurt Locker" (2008), the action thriller war film "Zero Dark Thirty" (2012), the short film "Last Days" (2014), and the period crime drama "Detroit" (2017). "The Hurt Locker" won the 2009 Academy Award for Best Picture and the BAFTA Award for Best Film, and was nominated for the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Drama. She has also acted as producer and writer for many of her films.
Angourie Point Angourie Point is a surf break in the small township of Yamba on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia. Angourie Point is an exposed point break that has consistent surf, and surf offshore winds are from the southwest. Groundswells and wind swells are good and the best swell direction is from the east or south east.
Louisa Medina Louisa Medina (c.1813-1838), also known as Louisa Honore de Medina, Louisa Medina Hamblin, and the nickname Louisine, was a playwright and literary figure in New York City between the years 1833 and her death. She wrote poems, short stories, and approximately 34 melodramas of which only 11 remain extant. She is mostly known for adapting dramatic versions of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's"Last Days of Pompeii" (1835) and "Ernest Maltravers" (1838), and Robert Montgomery Bird's"Nick of the Woods" (1838), among others. In an era when successful plays typically ran 3-4 nights, "Last Days of Pompeii" set a record by running for twenty-nine days. This was the earliest known example of a "long run" for a play, a technique which became regularly used by Thomas Hamblin. Medina is also accredited as the first women in American Theatre to earn her living exclusively as a dramatist. Louisa Medina's progressive inclinations concerning her education and self-reliance marks her as an indicator of the rise of First-Wave Feminism in America.
Last Days (2005 film) Last Days is a 2005 American drama film directed, produced and written by Gus Van Sant. It is a fictionalized account of the last days of a musician, loosely based on Kurt Cobain. It was released to theaters in the United States on July 22, 2005 and was produced by HBO. The film stars Michael Pitt as the character Blake, based on Kurt Cobain. Lukas Haas, Asia Argento, Scott Patrick Green and Thadeus A. Thomas also star in the film. This is the first film from Picturehouse, a joint venture between Time Warner's New Line Cinema and HBO Films subsidiaries to release art house, independent, foreign, and documentary films. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Though meant to be based on Kurt Cobain, it contradicts the factual evidence of Cobain's final days.