Datasets:
DataRobot-Research
/
hotpotqa

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
1
text
stringlengths
50
8.28k
Tommy Lyttle Tommy "Tucker" Lyttle (c. 1939 – 18 October 1995), was a high-ranking Ulster loyalist during the period of religious-political conflict in Northern Ireland known as "the Troubles". A member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) – the largest loyalist paramilitary organisation in Northern Ireland – he first held the rank of lieutenant colonel and later was made a brigadier. He served as the UDA's spokesman as well as the leader of the organisation's West Belfast Brigade from 1975 until his arrest and imprisonment in 1990. According to journalists Henry McDonald and Brian Rowan, and the Pat Finucane Centre, he became a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch informer.
Brian Robinson (loyalist) Brian Robinson (c. 1962 - 2 September 1989) was a loyalist from Belfast, Northern Ireland and member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) who was witnessed murdering a Catholic civilian. His death as a result of an undercover British Army unit is unique as it is one of the only deaths from the alleged shoot-to-kill policy in Northern Ireland which involved a loyalist victim.
Tara (Northern Ireland) Tara was an Ulster loyalist movement in Northern Ireland that espoused a brand of evangelical Protestantism. Preaching a hard-line and somewhat esoteric brand of loyalism, Tara enjoyed some influence in the late 1960s before declining amid a high-profile sex abuse scandal involving its leader William McGrath.
Flag of Northern Ireland The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom. From 1953 until 1973, the Ulster Banner (also known as the Ulster flag) was used by the Parliament of Northern Ireland; however, since its abolition use of the flag has been limited to representing Northern Ireland in certain sports, at the Commonwealth of Nations, at some local councils and at some other organisations and occasions. Despite this, the Ulster Banner is still commonly seen and referred to as the flag of Northern Ireland, especially by those from the unionist and loyalist communities.
Aidan McGrath Aidan McGrath is an Irish youth activist. He is the former President of Ireland's National Youth Organisation. He was twice elected to represent his Constituency of Fingal in Ireland's National Youth Parliament, Dáil na nÓg, and was Chairperson of both the Swords Youth Council and the Fingal Comhairle na nÓg. McGrath is a member of both Fingal County Council's General Strategic Policy Committee and the Planning Strategic Policy Committee. In 2010 he was named one of the top Youth Leaders in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland by the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals and the General Teaching Council for Northern Ireland. McGrath continues to maintain a public profile in the area of political activism, and in 2012 he was named one of the top ten outstanding young people of Ireland by Junior Chamber International.
Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine killings The Tandragee killings took place in the early hours of Saturday 19 February 2000 on an isolated country road outside Tandragee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. Two young Protestant men, Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine, were beaten and repeatedly stabbed to death in what was part of a Loyalist feud between the loyalist Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and their rivals, the breakaway Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). The men were not members of any loyalist paramilitary organisation. It later emerged in court hearings that Robb had made disparaging remarks about the killing of UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade leader Richard Jameson by an LVF gunman the previous month. This had angered the killers, themselves members of the Mid-Ulster UVF, and in retaliation they had lured the two men to the remote lane on the outskirts of town, where they killed and mutilated them.
Northern Ireland national under-19 football team The Northern Ireland national under-19 football team (also known as Northern Ireland under-19, under-19s or U19) represents Northern Ireland in association football at under-19 level. It is controlled by the Irish Football Association and began under the name of Ireland Youth when the Home Nations first held a round robin of friendly matches in 1948. The same year they entered the first International Youth Tournament, now the UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. Their best performance was in 1963 when they finished as runner-up. The team evolved into the Northern Ireland under-18 team then the current under-19 team. As well as the UEFA Under-19 Championships the team also enters the annual Milk Cup (currently as an under-20 side). In addition, the team plays regular friendlies, sometimes as an under-20 or under-18 team by agreement of the opposing association.
John White (loyalist) John White (born 1950) is a former leading loyalist in Northern Ireland. He was sometimes known by the nickname 'Coco'. White was a leading figure in the loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and, following a prison sentence for murder, entered politics as a central figure in the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP). Always a close ally of Johnny Adair, White was run out of Northern Ireland when Adair fell from grace and is no longer involved in loyalist activism.
D. J. Wilson DeVante Jaylen "D. J." Wilson (born February 19, 1996) is an American basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines and completed his junior season for the 2016–17 team. He was drafted 17th overall in the 2017 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks.
Sidney Moncrief Sidney A. Moncrief (born September 21, 1957) is an American retired professional basketball player. As an NCAA college basketball player from 1975 to 1979, Moncrief played for the University of Arkansas Razorbacks from 1975 to 1979, leading them to the 1978 Final Four and a win in the NCAA Consolation Game versus #6 Notre Dame. Nicknamed Sid the Squid, Sir Sid, and El Sid, Moncrief went on to play 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association, including ten seasons with the Milwaukee Bucks. He was a five-time NBA All-Star and won the first two NBA Defensive Player of the Year awards in 1983 and 1984.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time.
Darington Hobson Darington O'Neal Hobson (born September 29, 1987) is an American professional basketball player for the Guangxi Weizhuang Rhinos of the Chinese National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the University of New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team. Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, Hobson attended five high schools and a junior college before finally becoming eligible to play Division I college basketball. Hobson was drafted in the 2nd round (37th overall) of the 2010 NBA Draft by the Milwaukee Bucks. Hobson was waived on December 2, 2010, due to injury. A year later, Hobson was re-signed by the Bucks for the 2011–12 season. He was waived again on February 3, 2012.
Dan Langhi Daniel Matthew Langhi (born November 28, 1977) is an American former professional basketball player. Born in Chicago, Illinois, he was raised in the small western Kentucky town of Benton. In addition to his high school basketball career, where he finish as the runner-up for Kentucky's prestigious "Mr. Basketball" award, Langhi won regional titles as a member of Marshall County's soccer teams. After growing six inches during his sophomore year of high school, he joined his two older brothers in playing college basketball, signing to play college basketball at Vanderbilt, and was drafted 31st overall by the Dallas Mavericks in the second round of the 2000 NBA Draft. Langhi played for the Houston Rockets, the Phoenix Suns, the Golden State Warriors and the Milwaukee Bucks in the NBA.
Malcolm Brogdon Malcolm Moses Adams Brogdon (born December 11, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers under Tony Bennett. As a senior in 2015–16, he was named the ACC Player of the Year and ACC Defensive Player of the Year, becoming the first player in conference history to earn both honors in the same season. He was selected in the second round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Bucks with the 36th overall pick. He went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, becoming the first second-round pick in the NBA draft lottery era to do so.
Andrew Bogut Andrew Michael Bogut (born 28 November 1984) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 7 ft center was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the first overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft. He earned All-NBA Third Team honors with the Bucks in 2010. He was traded to the Golden State Warriors in 2012, and was named NBA All-Defensive Second Team in 2015, when he won an NBA championship with the Warriors.
Ray Allen Walter Ray Allen Jr. (born July 20, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player who played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After playing three seasons of college basketball for Connecticut, Allen entered the NBA in 1996 and went on to play for the Milwaukee Bucks, Seattle SuperSonics, Boston Celtics and Miami Heat. One of the most accurate three-point and free throw shooters in NBA history, he was a ten-time NBA All-Star, and won two NBA championships (2008, 2013) with the Celtics and Heat respectively. He also won an Olympic gold medal as a member of the 2000 United States men's basketball team. Allen is the NBA's all-time leader in career three-point field goals made in both the regular and postseason. He has acted in two films, one of which was a lead role in the 1998 Spike Lee film, "He Got Game".
Thon Maker Thon Marial Maker (born 25 February 1997) is a Sudanese-born Australian professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended high school at Orangeville District Secondary School and played basketball for Canada's Athlete Institute. Coming out of high school, Maker was considered a five-star recruit by most basketball recruiting services.
Matthew Dellavedova Matthew Dellavedova (born 8 September 1990) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Saint Mary's College of California and has played on the Australia national team. Dellavedova won an NBA championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2016.
Rotvælsk Rotvælsk was a secret language (also known as a cant or cryptolect) that was spoken in Denmark from early modern times until the turn of the 20th century. Rorvælsk was also known under several other names. It is now extinct. Rotvælsk was used by a social group known as Natmændsfolk who did simple craftsmanship, demeaning and unclean work or panhandled to survive. Both the social group and the language changed through the centuries, but remained associated with crime, loose morals, poverty and low social status in the eyes of the surrounding population. The social group and their language have often been confused with Romani people and the Romani language, though they do not seem to have had a different ethnic origin than most danes at that time.
Gul Baran Khiljii Haji Gul Baran Khan Khilji (Urdu: گل باران خان خلجی‎ ); (born 1 March 1930) was a businessman,building contractor, philanthropist and tycoon from city of Quetta,Pakistan.
Pluralistic ignorance In social psychology, pluralistic ignorance is a situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it, and therefore go along with it. This is also described as "no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes". In short, pluralistic ignorance is a bias about a social group, held by that social group.
Political movement In the social sciences, a political movement is a social group that operates together to obtain a political goal, on a local, regional, national, or international scope. Political movements develop, coordinate, promulgate, revise, amend, interpret, and produce materials that are intended to address the goals of the base of the movement. A social movement in the area of politics can be organized around a single issue or set of issues, or around a set of shared concerns of a social group. In a political party, a political organization seeks to influence, or control, government policy, usually by nominating their candidates and seating candidates in political and government offices. Additionally, parties participate in electoral campaigns and educational outreach or protest actions aiming to convince citizens or governments to take action on the issues and concerns which are the focus of the movement. Parties often espouse an ideology, expressed in a party program, bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests.
Exogamy Exogamy is a social arrangement where marriage is allowed only outside a social group. The social groups define the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity. In social studies, exogamy is viewed as a combination of two related aspects: biological and cultural. Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. A form of exogamy is dual exogamy, in which two groups engage in continual wife exchange. Cultural exogamy is marrying outside a specific cultural group; the opposite being endogamy, marriage within a social group.
Baran Khan Kudezai Malak Baran Khan Kudezai was a politician and Chief of the Marmakhel Tribe which consists of famouse sub-tribes in Loralai i.e. Kudezai, Khadarzai, Malazai,Adhorhzai,Walizai, Alizai etc. He was also an active member of Loya jirga (Afghanistan Grand Council/Assembly).
Social group In the social sciences, a social group has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Other theorists disagree however, and are wary of definitions which stress the importance of interdependence or objective similarity. Instead, researchers within the social identity tradition ågenerally define it as "a group is defined in terms of those who identify themselves as members of the group". Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group.
Cult The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by its religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal. The term itself is controversial and it has divergent definitions in both popular culture and academia and it also has been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. In the sociological classifications of religious movements, a cult is a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices, although this is often unclear. Other researchers present a less-organized picture of cults on the basis that cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices. The word "cult" has always been controversial because it is (in a pejorative sense) considered a subjective term, used as an "ad hominem" attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices. Groups said to be cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions.
Ingroups and outgroups In sociology and social psychology, an ingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify. For example, people may find it psychologically meaningful to view themselves according to their race, culture, gender, age or religion. It has been found that the psychological membership of social groups and categories is associated with a wide variety of phenomena.
Media Hegemony The concept of hegemony, which first was put forward by Antonio Gramsci (1971), refers to the moral, philosophical, and political leadership of a social group, which is not gained by force but by an active consent of other social groups through taking control of culture and ideology. During this process, the leading social group exerts its impact and gain its legitimacy mainly through social mechanisms such as education, religion, family and the mass media. Based on the definition of hegemony, media hegemony means the dominance of a certain aspects of life and thoughts by penetrating dominant culture and values in social life. In other words, media hegemony served as a crucial shaper of culture, values and ideology of society (Altheide, 1984).
Finger Eleven Finger Eleven is a Canadian rock band from Burlington, Ontario, formed in 1990. They have released seven total studio albums (six as Finger Eleven and one as Rainbow Butt Monkeys), with their album "The Greyest of Blue Skies" bringing them into the mainstream. The 2003 self-titled album achieved Gold status in the United States and Platinum in Canada, largely from the success of the single "One Thing", which marked the band's first placing on the US Hot 100 Chart at number 16. Their 2007 album, "Them vs. You vs. Me", launched the single "Paralyzer", which went on to top numerous charts including the Canadian Hot 100 and both US rock charts, as well as reaching No. 6 on the US Hot 100 and No. 12 on the Australian Singles Chart. They won the Juno Award for Rock Album of the Year in 2008. It was later certified gold status in the US and multi platinum in Canada. They released their sixth studio album, "Life Turns Electric", on October 5, 2010; it was nominated for a Juno Award for Best Rock Album of the Year. They released their first single, "Living in a Dream", adding a little bit of more of funk rock and dance rock, just like their hit song "Paralyzer". "Five Crooked Lines", their 7th studio album, was released July 31, 2015, with "Wolves and Doors" as the lead single.
Wobble (song) "Wobble" is the second single of rapper V.I.C. from his debut album "Beast". The single was produced by Mr. Collipark. Before recording this song, he made a track called "Wobble (Skit)" to introduce the song "Wobble". Both tracks are in the album. Atlanta's V-103 former radio personality Frank Ski is featured on the song on the intro and bridge, but isn't credited as a featured artist. On December 23, 2008, the news drew a critical revision to the song, expunging the inappropriate words that appeared in it as its popularity increased, presumably after debates from offended listeners who took the song as support for pornography and blasphemy. The song finally made its debut on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 89 on June 2, 2011, almost three years after its release, and has since peaked at number 77. It went on to debut at number 94 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 on January 7, 2012.
Gone till November "Gone till November" is the third single released from Wyclef Jean's debut solo album, "The Carnival". It peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, its highest chart position. In the US, where it peaked at number seven on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It also peaked at number two on the Hot Rap Songs chart and number nine in the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Light Poles and Pine Trees Light Poles and Pine Trees is the third album from the southern hip hop duo Field Mob, and their first, and only, under the Disturbing tha Peace imprint. It was released in stores on June 20, 2006. Originally, the premiere single from the album was to be the track "Friday Night" but did not make the final album cut, although it was still released in early 2006 as a radio promo and appeared on international editions as an extra bonus track. Instead the first official single from the album was the Jazze Pha produced song "So What" featuring R&B singer Ciara. This has become the duo's most successful hit to date, climbing to #10 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and #3 and #4 on the US Hot Rap Tracks and US Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs charts, respectively.
Birdman discography American rapper Birdman has released five studio albums (four as a solo artist, and one collaboration album with rapper Lil Wayne), two mixtapes, twenty-three music videos, forty-eight singles, including twenty-three as a featured artist, and seven promotional singles. In 2002, Birdman released his debut studio album "Birdman" (also known under the title "Baby aka the #1 Stunna") under the recording name "Baby". It peaked at number 24 on the US "Billboard" 200, spending 23 weeks on the chart. Three singles were released from the album; the first, "Do That...", reached number 33 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and the second, "What Happened to That Boy", reached number 45 on the same chart. The third single, "Baby You Can Do It", only charted on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales chart. In 2003, Birdman collaborated with singer Ginuwine on the single "Hell Yeah" and rapper Bow Wow on the single "Let's Get Down", which reached numbers 17 and 14 respectively on the Hot 100.
Finally (CeCe Peniston song) "Finally" is a 1991 song by American musician CeCe Peniston from her debut album, "Finally". A dance mix of this song was made, and this remixed version was used in many dance music compilations. "Finally" became Peniston's first (and biggest) hit song, peaking at number five on the US Hot 100 in January 1992 and becoming her only US top-ten hit to date. Prior to that, it was also successful on the US Dance chart, where it spent two weeks at number one in late 1991. In addition, the song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart in a remixed version.
Y.R.N. (Young Rich Niggas) Y.R.N. (Young Rich Niggas) is a mixtape by American hip hop group Migos. It was released on June 13, 2013. The album features notable guest appearances from rappers Gucci Mane, Trinidad James, Riff Raff and Soulja Boy. This mixtape is notable for the single "Versace", the single reached number 99 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, number 31 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, number 23 on the US Hot Rap Songs chart and number 11 on the US Top Heatseekers chart. "Versace" was placed in multiple year-end lists of 2013. Diplo included it in his 2013 round-up set on BBC Radio 1. "XXL" named it one of the top five hip hop songs of 2013. The official music video, directed by Gabriel Hart, was released on September 30, 2013. It shows Migos and Zaytoven at a luxurious mansion, wearing Versace clothes and accessories. The video also features a snippet of Migos second single off the mixtape "Hannah Montana". As of November 2014, it has gained over nine million views on YouTube. "Y.R.N." later reached number 74 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, their first mixtape to do so on the "Billboard" charts. The mixtape has accumulated over 500,000 downloads from mixtape websites like DatPiff.com, MixtapeMonkey.com, and HotNewHipHop.com.
Nu Nu "Nu Nu" was the second single for Chicago house music artist Lidell Townsell from his 1992 Mercury/PolyGram Records album release, "Harmony". The song, which featured duo M.T.F., reached #1 on the US Hot Dance Music/Maxi Singles chart and #2 on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. It was #26 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and #44 on the US Hot Hip-Hop & R&B Singles.
Tyga discography The discography of Tyga, an American rapper, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, fourteen mixtapes, eight singles (including four as a featured artist) and forty-eight music videos. In 2008, Tyga released his first studio album, "No Introduction", on the record label Decaydance Records. The album featured the single "Coconut Juice", which features singer Travie McCoy; the song peaked at number 94 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming Tyga's first song to appear on the chart. In 2010, Tyga and American singer Chris Brown released the collaborative mixtape "Fan of a Fan", which included the single "Deuces": the song peaked at number 14 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and became Tyga's first song to chart on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, peaking at number thirty. Tyga also appeared on the song "Loyalty", a single by fellow rapper Birdman, and collaborated with rapper Lil Wayne on the non-album single "I'm on It", both of which failed to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
Sam Hunt discography American singer and songwriter Sam Hunt has released one studio album, one mixtape, one extended play, seven singles and seven music videos. Hunt signed a record deal with MCA Nashville and launched his musical career with the release of the single "Raised on It" in 2013; it received moderate chart success, only peaking at number 49 on the US Hot Country Songs chart. It was succeeded with the launch of his debut studio album "Montevallo" in October 2014. The album topped the US Top Country Albums chart and peaked at number three on the US "Billboard" 200. It was certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and reach over a million in sales in the country by February 2016. The album also peaked at number two on the Canadian Albums Chart and received a Gold certification from Music Canada. "Montevallo" spawned five singles, including the international hit "Take Your Time" which peaked at number 20 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and topped the Hot Country Songs chart; it was later certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA.
Scrooge (1951 film) Scrooge is a 1951 British fantasy drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol" (1843). It stars Alastair Sim as Ebenezer Scrooge, and was produced and directed by Brian Desmond Hurst, with a screenplay by Noel Langley. It was released as A Christmas Carol in the United States.
David Pevsner David Pevsner is an American actor, singer, dancer, and writer. Pevsner appeared in the 1990 revival of "Fiddler on the Roof", 1991 revival of "Rags", and some other theatrical productions. He also wrote three songs for the 1999 musical "Naked Boys Singing!", including "Perky Little Porn Star." He wrote and produced two one-person shows, "To Bitter and Back" (2003) and "Musical Comedy Whore" (2013). Pevsner portrayed mostly minor roles in films and television. His major screen roles are Ebenezer Scrooge in the 2012 film adaptation of "A Christmas Carol", "Scrooge & Marley", and Ross Stein in a 2011 web series "Old Dogs & New Tricks". He recorded the 2016 album "Most Versatile", whose album cover pays homage to Bruce Springsteen's album "Born in the U.S.A."
A Christmas Carol (2009 film) A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer animated motion-capture fantasy film written and directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is an adaptation of the Charles Dickens story of the same name and stars Jim Carrey in a multitude of roles, including Ebenezer Scrooge as a young, middle-aged, and old man, and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge. The film also features supporting roles done by Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright, and Cary Elwes.
Scrooge (1913 film) Scrooge is a 1913 British black and white silent film based on the 1843 novel "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens. It starred Seymour Hicks as Ebenezer Scrooge. In the United States it was released in 1926 as "Old Scrooge".
Mr. Fezziwig Mr. Fezziwig is a character from the novel "A Christmas Carol" created by Charles Dickens to provide contrast with Ebenezer Scrooge's attitudes towards business ethics. Scrooge, who apprenticed under Fezziwig, is the very antithesis of the person he worked for as a young man. Mr. Fezziwig is portrayed as a jovial, foppish man with a large Welsh wig. In Act I, Scene 5 of "A Christmas Carol", the Ghost of Christmas Past takes Scrooge to revisit his youthful days in Fezziwig's world located at the cusp of the Industrial Revolution. Dickens used Fezziwig to represent a set of communal values and a way of life which was quickly being swept away in the economic turmoil of the early nineteenth century.
A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843; the first edition was illustrated by John Leech. "A Christmas Carol" tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an old miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man.
Scrooge (1935 film) Scrooge is a 1935 British fantasy film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Seymour Hicks, Donald Calthrop and Robert Cochran. Hicks appears as Ebenezer Scrooge, the miser who hates Christmas. It was the first sound version of the Charles Dickens classic "A Christmas Carol", not counting a 1928 short subject that now appears to be lost. Hicks had previously played the role of Scrooge on the stage many times beginning in 1901, and again in a 1913 British silent film version.
Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost is a 1901 British short silent drama film, directed by Walter R. Booth, featuring the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge confronted by Marley's ghost and given visions of Christmas past, present, and future, is the earliest known film adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novel "A Christmas Carol". The film, "although somewhat flat and stage-bound to modern eyes," according to Ewan Davidson of BFI Screenonline, "was an ambitious undertaking at the time," as, "not only did it attempt to tell an 80 page story in five minutes, but it featured impressive trick effects, superimposing Marley's face over the door knocker and the scenes from his youth over a black curtain in Scrooge's bedroom."
Mickey's Christmas Carol Mickey's Christmas Carol is a 1983 American animated featurette produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution. It was directed and produced by Burny Mattinson. The cartoon is an adaptation of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol", starring Scrooge McDuck as Ebenezer Scrooge. Many other Disney characters, primarily from the Mickey Mouse universe, "Robin Hood", and "The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad", were cast throughout the film.
Ebenezer (film) Ebenezer is a 1998 Canadian made-for-television re-telling of Charles Dickens' classic "A Christmas Carol" with Jack Palance giving a performance as Ebenezer Scrooge, á la Western genre. After a half-century of screen presence, in one of Palance's final projects before his retirement.
Tom Friedman (artist) Tom Friedman (born 1965) is an American conceptual sculptor. Friedman was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He received his BFA in graphic illustration from Washington University in St. Louis in 1988, and an MFA in sculpture from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1990. As a conceptual artist he works in a variety of mediums including, sculpture, painting, drawing, video, and installation. For over twenty years Friedman has been investigating the viewer/object relationship, and "the space in between." Friedman has held solo exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, Yerba Buena Museum of Art, San Francisco, Magasin 3 in Stockholm, Sweden, The New Museum in New York, the Tel Aviv Art Museum, and others. His work can be found in the museum collections of MoMA, Los Angeles Contemporary Art Museum, the Broad Art Museum, the Solomon Guggenheim Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo. He is currently represented by Luhring Augustine Gallery and Stephen Friedman Gallery. He lives and works in Northampton, Massachusetts.
Francis Focer Brown Francis Focer Brown (1891–1971) was a well-known American Impressionist painter, as well as professor and head of the Fine Arts Department at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana from 1925–1957, and Director of the Muncie Art Museum. His work was exhibited frequently at the Hoosier Salon- Indiana Artists Annual, Herron School of Art Museum, Ball State University, Indiana State Fair, Indiana Art Club and others. Brown studied With J. Ottis Adams and William Forsyth (artist) at the Herron School of Art; Ball State Teachers College, B.S.; Ohio State University, M.A. Member Indiana AC; Hoosier Salon. He exhibited at the Richmond Art Museum, 1922 (prize); John Herron Art Institute, 1922 (prize); Hoosier Salon, 1922–45 (awards); CMA, 1922–25; PAFA, 1922, 1923. His work is held in collections at John Herron Art Institute; Ball State University; Richmond Art Museum, and in various schools and libraries throughout Indiana. Also known as Francis Brown and Francis F. Brown.
Kevin Atherton Kevin Atherton (born 1950) is a Manx artist,based in Ireland since 1999, whose work includes performance, sculpture, film and video, installation and site-related work. Before moving to Ireland with his late wife, the Educationalist Vicky Robinson, Atherton had lived and worked in London for twenty-five years teaching part-time at The Slade School of Fine Art, the Royal College of Art and Middlesex Polytechnic. Most notably he was the Head of Department of 'Alternative Media'at Chelsea College of Art, which later when it merged with 'Print Making' became 'Combined Media'.Arriving in Dublin in 1999 Atherton set about establishing the Fine Art Media Department at the National College of Art and Design (NCAD) writing the BA Fine Art Media pathway and the ground-breaking 'Virtual Realities as a Fine Art Media' MA course. He has exhibited and performed throughout the world including at the Museum of Modern Art San Francisco (SFMOMA), The Museum of Modern Art Vienna (MUMOK) and at Tate Britain. His two-screen video installation 'In Two Minds'(1978-2014) is in the collection of the Irish Museum of Modern Art Dublin.
Craig Kauffman Craig Kauffman (March 31, 1932 – May 9, 2010) was an artist who has exhibited since 1951. Kauffman’s primarily abstract paintings and wall relief sculptures are included in over 20 museum collections, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Tate Modern, the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Seattle Art Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.
Simone Forti Simone Forti (born 1935), is an American Italian Postmodern artist, dancer, choreographer, and writer. Since the 1950's, Forti has exhibited, performed, and taught workshops all over the world, including performances at the Louvre in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. Her innovations in Postmodern dance, including her seminal 1961 body of work, "Dance Constructions", along with her contribution to the early Fluxus movement, have influenced many notable artists, including dancer/artist Yvonne Rainer and the Judson Dance Theater in New York. Forti first apprenticed with Anna Halprin in the 1950s and has since worked alongside artists and composers Nam June Paik, Steve Paxton, La Monte Young, Trisha Brown, Charlemagne Palestine, Peter Van Riper, Dan Graham, Yoshi Wada, and Robert Morris, among many others. Forti's published books include "Handbook in Motion" (1974, The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design), "Angel" (1978, self-published), and "Oh Tongue" (2003, Beyond Baroque Foundation, ed. Fred Dewey). She is currently represented by The Box L.A. in Los Angeles, CA, and has works in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, the Generali Foundation in Vienna, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, and the Moderna Museet in Stockholm.
Ana Mercedes Hoyos Ana Mercedes Hoyos (29 September 1942-5 September 2014) was a Colombian painter, sculptor and a pioneer in modern art in the country. In her half-century of artistic works, she garnered over seventeen awards of national and international recognition. Beginning her career in a Pop Art style which moved towards abstract, her trajectory moved toward cubism and realism as she explored light, color, sensuality and the bounty of her surroundings. Her reinterpretations of master painters led her to an exploration of Colombian multiculturalism, and her later works focused on Afro-Colombian and mestizo heritage within the Colombian landscape. Her works can be found in the permanent collections of the Fuji Art Museum in Tokyo; the in Zaragoza, Spain; the Museum of Modern Art in Mexico City; the Nassau County Museum of Art of Roslyn Harbor, New York, as well as the Bogotá Museum of Modern Art and museums in other Latin American cities. Her collection of archival materials on San Basilio de Palenque were donated to the United Nations University in Tokyo and the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Michael Hafftka Michael Hafftka is an American figurative expressionist painter living in New York City. His work is represented in the permanent collections of a number of museums, including: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Museum of Modern Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Carnegie Museum of Art, New York Public Library, McNay Art Museum, Housatonic Museum of Art, Arizona State University Art Museum, National Gallery of Art, and Yeshiva University Museum.
Gonçalo Mabunda Gonçalo Mabunda was born on January 1, 1975 in Maputo, Mozambique. He is an artist and anti-war activist.Mabunda is an internationally acclaimed artist who has had his work exhibited around the world. He has exhibited in important museums such as the Center Pompidou in Paris, the Venice Biennale, the Museum of Art and Design in New York, the Museum Kunst Palast in Dusseldorf, the Hayward Gallery in London, the Mori Art Museum in Tokyo, the Johannesburg Art Gallery and many more.
Janne Kyttanen Janne Kyttanen (born 1974) is a Finnish conceptual artist and designer who is best known for his work in design for 3D printing. He is the founder of Freedom of Creation and the current Creative Director of 3D Systems, an American-based manufacturer of 3D printers. His work been exhibited in numerous museums and galleries, including the Stedelijk Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, and at Design Miami, the global forum for design. He also used to be a professional squash player, having played in two individual world championships and two team championships.
Merry Alpern Merry Alpern (born 1955 in New York City) is an American photographer that has been shown in museums and exhibitions around the country including the Whitney Museum of American Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Modern Art, National Museum of Women in the Arts and The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Her most notable work is her 1993-94 series "Dirty Windows", a controversial series in which she took photos of an illegal sex club through a bathroom window in Manhattan near Wall Street. In 1994, the National Endowment for the Arts rejected recommended photography fellowships to Alpern, as well as Barbara DeGenevieve and Andres Serrano. Merry Alpern became one of many artists assaulted by congressional conservatives trying to defund the National Endowment for the Arts because of this series. As a result, museums such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York and San Francisco rushed to exhibit the series. She later produced and exhibited another show called "Shopping" which included images from hidden video cameras.
Duchy of Bernstadt The Duchy of Bernstadt (German: "Herzogtum Bernstadt" , Polish: "Księstwo bierutowskie" , ) was a Silesian duchy centred on the city of Bernstadt (present-day Bierutów) in Lower Silesia (now in Poland) and formed by separation from the Duchy of Oels (Oleśnica). It was first ruled by the Silesian Piasts dynasty, until its extinction in 1492. In 1495 it and the Duchy of Oels passed to the Dukes of Münsterberg, who came from the House of Poděbrady. In 1647 the Duchy of Bernstadt passed by marriage to the Dukes of Württemberg.
House of Hanover The House of Hanover (or the Hanoverians ; German: "Haus Hannover" ) is a German royal dynasty that ruled the Electorate and then the Kingdom of Hanover, and that also provided monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 and ruled the United Kingdom until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. Upon Victoria's death, the British throne passed to her eldest son Edward VII, a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha through his father.
Principality of Calenberg The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes.
Duchy of Teschen The Duchy of Teschen (German: "Herzogtum Teschen" ), also Duchy of Cieszyn (Polish: "Księstwo Cieszyńskie" ) or Duchy of Těšín (Czech: "Těšínské knížectví" , was one of the Duchies of Silesia centered on Cieszyn ("Teschen") in Upper Silesia. It was split off the Silesian Duchy of Opole and Racibórz in 1281 during the feudal division of Poland and was ruled by Silesian dukes of the Piast dynasty from 1290 until the line became extinct with the death of Duchess Elizabeth Lucretia in 1653.
The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof (variation : Mbin Boureh Gnilane in Serer) was a royal house founded in the 14th century by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (var : "Bouré Gnilane Diouf" or "Buré Ñilaan"). He was a member the Serer tribe, from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal. It was the first royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar period (1350 - 1969). Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal prince and a Jaraff (var : "Diaraf"), a with the powers of a Prime Minister. He was neither a Maad a Sinig (king of Sine) nor a Maad Saloum (king of Saloum) but a royal prince who had the title "Jaraff" bestowed upon him by his cousin and brother-in-law - Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye (king of Sine). His father Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (the conqueror) was the king of Laa and Teigne of Baol (king of Baol). Boureh's brothers were the first from this house to have succeeded to the throne of Sine during the Guelowar period. His name was adopted in his honour to refer to the first royal house founded by the Joof family during this dynastic period. The Joof family of Sine, from this royal house also ruled in the Kingdom of Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum) The Joof family also ruled in Baol (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol). From the date of its foundation up to the abolition of the Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum in 1969, at least ten kings from this house had succeeded to the throne of Sine. As the first royal house of Sine founded by the Joof family in this dynastic period, the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof holds great significance in Senegambian, Joof family and , because all the subsequent royal houses founded by the Joof family (who ruled in three Senegambian kingdoms) branched out from this royal house.
Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in "communion with the Church of England". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman Catholics are eligible.
List of consorts of Tuscany The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1569. It succeeded the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy was initially ruled by the House of Medici, until their extinction in 1737. The grand duchy passed to the House of Lorraine, and then, to its cadet branch, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The House of Habsburg Lorraine ruled Tuscany from 1765–1801, and then 1814–1859.
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Ernest Augustus (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851) was King of Hanover from 20 June 1837 until his death. He was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Hanover. As a fifth son, Ernest seemed unlikely to become a monarch, but none of his four elder brothers had a legitimate son who survived infancy. The Salic Law, which barred succession to or through a female, prevailed in Hanover; therefore, when his elder brother King William IV died in 1837, Ernest succeeded him as King of Hanover. In the United Kingdom the succession to the monarchy was determined by primogeniture and his niece Victoria succeeded to the throne, thus ending the personal union between the British Isles and Hanover that had existed since 1714.
House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a European dynasty of North German origin. It is one of Europe's most influential royal houses, with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Iceland, Greece, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Schleswig, Holstein, and Oldenburg. The current Queen of Denmark and King of Norway, the former King of Greece, the consorts of Greece and the United Kingdom, as well as the first twelve names in the line of succession to the British throne, are all patrilineal members of the Glücksburg branch of this house.
Prince Christian of Hanover (born 1985) Prince Christian of Hanover (Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg; born 1 June 1985) is the younger son of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, and his first wife Chantal Hochuli. He is the second in the line of succession to the former Hanoverian throne, after his elder brother Prince Ernst August. As a descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, Christian is also in the line of succession to the British throne.
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover Area School District, et al. (400 F. Supp. 2d 707, Docket No. 4cv2688) was the first direct challenge brought in the United States federal courts testing a public school district policy that required the teaching of intelligent design. In October 2004, the Dover Area School District of York County, Pennsylvania, changed its biology teaching curriculum to require that intelligent design be presented as an alternative to evolution theory, and that "Of Pandas and People", a textbook advocating intelligent design, was to be used as a reference book. The prominence of this textbook during the trial was such that the case is sometimes referred to as the Dover Panda Trial, a name which recalls the popular name of the Scopes Monkey Trial in Tennessee, 80 years earlier. The plaintiffs successfully argued that intelligent design is a form of creationism, and that the school board policy violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The judge's decision sparked considerable response from both supporters and critics.
Intelligent design movement The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the previous Christian fundamentalist and evangelistic creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. The overall goal of the intelligent design movement is to overthrow materialism and atheism. Its proponents believe that society has suffered "devastating" cultural consequences from adopting materialism and that science is the cause of the decay into materialism because it seeks only natural explanations, and is therefore atheistic. They believe that the scientific theory of evolution implies that humans have no spiritual nature, no moral purpose, and no intrinsic meaning. They seek to "reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist worldview" represented by the theory of evolution in favor of "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions."
Signature in the Cell Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design is a 2009 book about intelligent design by philosopher and intelligent design advocate Stephen C. Meyer. The book was well received by some within the conservative, intelligent design and evangelical communities, but several other reviewers were critical and wrote that Meyer's claims are incorrect.
Santorum Amendment The Santorum Amendment was a failed proposed amendment to the 2001 education funding bill (which became known as the No Child Left Behind Act), proposed by Republican Rick Santorum (then a United States Senator for Pennsylvania), which promoted the teaching of intelligent design while questioning the academic standing of evolution in US public schools. In response, a coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations wrote a letter to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill, arguing that evolution is, in the scientific fields, regarded as fact and that the amendment creates the misperception that evolution is not fully accepted in the scientific community, and thus weakens science curricula. The words of the amendment survive in modified form in the Bill's Conference Report and do not carry the weight of law. As one of the Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns it became a cornerstone in the intelligent design movement's "Teach the Controversy" campaign.
Michael Behe Michael J. Behe ( ; born January 18, 1952) is an American biochemist, author, and intelligent design (ID) advocate. He serves as professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and as a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Behe is best known for his argument for his stance on irreducible complexity (IC), which argues that some biochemical structures are too complex to be explained by known evolutionary mechanisms and are therefore probably the result of intelligent design. Behe has testified in several court cases related to intelligent design, including the court case "Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District" that resulted in a ruling that intelligent design was not science and was religious in nature.
Creationism's Trojan Horse Creationism's Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design is a 2004 book by Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross on the origins of intelligent design, specifically the Discovery Institute's Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture and its wedge strategy. The authors are highly critical of what they refer to as intelligent design creationism, and document the intelligent design movement's fundamentalist Christian origins and funding.
Intelligent Design Network The Intelligent Design network, inc. (commonly IDnet or Intelligent Design Network) is a nonprofit organization formed in Kansas to promote the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design. It is based in Shawnee Mission, Kansas. The Intelligent Design Network was founded by John Calvert, a corporate finance lawyer with a bachelor's degree in geology, and nutritionist William S. Harris. Its self-described mission is "to promote evidence-based science education with regard to the origin of the universe and of life and its diversity" and "to enhance public awareness of the evidence of intelligent design and living systems."
Specified complexity Specified complexity is a concept proposed by William Dembski and used by him and others to promote the pseudoscientific arguments of intelligent design. According to Dembski, the concept can formalize a property that singles out patterns that are both "specified" and "complex", in specific senses defined by Dembski. Dembski states that specified complexity is a reliable marker of design by an intelligent agent—a central tenet to intelligent design, which Dembski argues for in opposition to modern evolutionary theory. The concept of specified complexity is widely regarded as mathematically unsound and has not been the basis for further independent work in information theory, in the theory of complex systems, or in biology. Proponents of intelligent design use specified complexity as one of their two main arguments, alongside irreducible complexity.
Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial is an award-winning NOVA documentary on the case of "Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District"—which concentrated on the question of whether or not intelligent design could be viewed as science and taught in school science class. It first aired on PBS stations nationwide, on November 13, 2007, with many reruns, and features interviews with the judge, witnesses, and lawyers as well as re-enacted scenes using the official transcript of the trial.
Intelligent design and science The relationship between intelligent design and science has been a contentious one. Intelligent design (ID) is presented by its proponents as science and claims to offer an alternative to evolution. The Discovery Institute, a politically conservative think tank and the leading proponents of intelligent design, launched a campaign entitled "Teach the Controversy" which claims that a controversy exists within the scientific community over evolution. The scientific community, however, states that there is no controversy and rejects intelligent design as creationism due to ID proponents' lack of peer-reviewed research and the scientifically undefined quality of observable intelligence.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ; Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский ; 25 April/7 May 1840 – 25 October/6 November 1893), often anglicized as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884, by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.
Kamarinskaya Kamarinskaya (Russian: камаринская ) is a Russian traditional folk dance, which is mostly known today as the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka's composition of the same name. Glinka's "Kamarinskaya", written in 1848, was the first orchestral work based entirely on Russian folk song and to use the compositional principles of that genre to dictate the form of the music. It became a touchstone for the following generation of Russian composers ranging from the Western-oriented Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to the group of nationalists known collectively as The Five and was also lauded abroad, most notably by French composer Hector Berlioz.
Chaikovskij (crater) Chaikovskij (sometimes Tchaikovsky) is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 165 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Chaikovskij is named for the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who lived from 1840 to 1893.
Tchaikovsky (film) Tchaikovsky (Russian: Чайковский ) is a 1970 Soviet biopic film directed by Igor Talankin. It featured Innokenty Smoktunovsky in the role of the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was nominated for the 1971 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as well as the Academy Award for Original Song Score and Adaptation.
Piano Concerto No. 2 (Tchaikovsky) Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 2 in G major, Op. 44, was written in 1879–1880. It was dedicated to Nikolai Rubinstein, who had insisted he be allowed to perform it at the premiere as a way of making up for his harsh criticism of Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Rubinstein was destined never to play it, however, as he died in March 1881. The premiere performance took place in New York City, on 12 November 1881. The soloist was Madeline Schiller, and Theodore Thomas conducted the New York Philharmonic orchestra. The first Russian performance was in Moscow in May 1882, conducted by Anton Rubinstein with Tchaikovsky's pupil, Sergei Taneyev, at the piano.
The Nutcracker and the Mouse King "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" (German: "Nussknacker und Mausekönig" ) is a story written in 1816 by German author E. T. A. Hoffmann, in which young Marie Stahlbaum's favorite Christmas toy, the Nutcracker, comes alive and, after defeating the evil Mouse King in battle, whisks her away to a magical kingdom populated by dolls. In 1892, the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov turned Alexandre Dumas père's adaptation of the story into the ballet "The Nutcracker", which became one of Tchaikovsky's most famous compositions, and perhaps the most popular ballet in the world.
Symphony No. 2 (Rachmaninoff) Symphony No. 2 in E minor, Op. 27 is a symphony by the Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, written in 1906–07. The premiere was conducted by the composer himself in Saint Petersburg on 8 February 1908. Its duration is approximately 60 minutes when performed uncut; cut performances can be as short as 35 minutes. The score is dedicated to Sergei Taneyev, a Russian composer, teacher, theorist, author, and pupil of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Alongside his Piano Concerto No. 2 and Piano Concerto No. 3, this symphony remains one of the composer's best known compositions.
International Tchaikovsky Competition The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical-music competition held every four years in Moscow, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age, and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and is an active member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.
Swan Lake (1895) The 1917 Petipa/Ivanov/Drigo revival of Swan Lake is a famous version of the ballet "Swan Lake", (ru. "Лебединое Озеро"), (fr. "Le Lac des Cygnes"). This is a ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky based on an ancient German legend, presented in either four acts, four scenes (primarily outside Russia and Eastern Europe), three acts, four scenes (primarily in Russia and Eastern Europe) or, more rarely, in two acts, four scenes. Originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger to the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (opus 20), it was first presented as "The Lake of the Swans" by the Ballet of the Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre on 20 February/4 March 1877 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates) in Moscow, Russia. Although the ballet is presented in many different versions, most ballet companies today base their stagings both choreographically and musically on this revival by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, staged for the Imperial Ballet, first presented on 15 January/27 January 1895, at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia instead of the original version.
Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor (Tchaikovsky) The Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. 80, was written by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1865, his last year as a student at the St Petersburg Conservatory. The sonata in its original form was not published in Tchaikovsky's lifetime; it was published in 1900 by P. Jurgenson, and given the posthumous opus number 80.
Sergey Gavrilets Sergey Gavrilets is a Russian-born physicist turned American theoretical biologist, currently a Distinguished Professor at the University of Tennessee. He is a theoretical evolutionary biologist who has made contributions to the study of social complexity and human evolutionary transitions. He is currently Associate Director for Scientific Activities at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis. In 2017, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Sean Nee Sean Nee (born 3 July 1959) is an evolutionary biologist and theoretical ecologist. He has been a Lecturer at Oxford University and Professor at the University of Edinburgh. He has published scientific research papers with ecologist Robert May, theoretical biologist John Maynard Smith and epidemiologist and novelist Sunetra Gupta.
List of accolades received by The Imitation Game "The Imitation Game" is a 2014 British-American historical thriller film about British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, a key figure in cracking Nazi Germany's Enigma code that helped the Allies win the Second World War, only to later be criminally prosecuted for his homosexuality. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Turing and is directed by Morten Tyldum with a screenplay by Graham Moore, based on the biography "" by Andrew Hodges.
Gisbert Hasenjaeger Gisbert F. R. Hasenjaeger (June 1, 1919 – September 2, 2006) was a German mathematical logician. Independently and simultaneously with Leon Henkin in 1949, he developed a new proof of the completeness theorem of Kurt Gödel for predicate logic. He worked as an assistant to Heinrich Scholz at Section IVa of Oberkommando der Wehrmacht Chiffrierabteilung, and was responsible for the security of the Enigma machine.
Heinrich Scholz Heinrich Scholz (] ; December 17, 1884 – December 30, 1956) was a German logician, philosopher, and Protestant theologian who was a peer of Alan Turing, who wrote in his memoirs that he on the inclusion of his essay from 1936 "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" [was disappointed that only] two people could have understood it, and would have responded [had he been asked] – Heinrich Scholz and Richard Bevan Braithwaite. Scholz had an extraordinary career but was not considered a brilliant logician, for example on the same level as Gottlob Frege or Rudolf Carnap, but was considered an outstanding scientist of national importance. He provided a suitable academic environment for his students to thrive. He founded the Institute of Mathematical Logic and Fundamental Research at the University of Münster in 1936, which can be said enabled the study of logic at the highest international level after World War 2 up until the present day.
Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing ( ; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist.
Edgar F. Codd Edgar Frank "Ted" Codd (19 August 1923 – 18 April 2003) was an English computer scientist who, while working for IBM, invented the relational model for database management, the theoretical basis for relational databases. He made other valuable contributions to computer science, but the relational model, a very influential general theory of data management, remains his most mentioned achievement.
Turing (disambiguation) Alan Turing (1912–1954) was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer scientist.
Ray Turner (computer scientist) Professor Raymond Turner (born 28 April 1947) is an English logician and theoretical computer scientist based at the University of Essex. He is best known for his work on logic in computer science and for his pioneering work in the philosophy of computer science. He is on the editorial boards for the Journal of Logic and Computation and the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, for Logic, Computation, and Agency.
Stathis Zachos Stathis K. Zachos (Greek: Στάθης (Ευστάθιος) Ζάχος ; born 1947, Athens) is a mathematician, logician and theoretical computer scientist.
Mark B. Sobell Mark B. Sobell, Ph.D., ABPP, a professor at the College of Psychology of Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, is a specialist in addiction. Dr. Mark Sobell is nationally and internationally known for his research in the addiction field. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association in Divisions 1, 3, 12, 25, 28, and 50, and is Board Certified in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. He is the co-director of Healthy Lifestyles: Guided Self-Change at Nova Southeastern University.
Abraham S. Fischler Abraham S. Fischler (January 21, 1928 – April 3, 2017) was an American academic, and was the second president of Nova Southeastern University. Fischler graduated from Columbia University in 1959 with his Ed.D. He went on to serve as Assistant Professor of Science Education at Harvard University and Professor of Education at the University of California, Berkeley before joining the fledgling Nova University in 1966. Fischler served as Dean of Graduate Studies and Director of the Behavioral Sciences Center from 1966 to 1969. He became the President of Nova Southeastern University in 1970 and was President until 1992.