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2016-01-21 01:59:30
2018-07-01 01:34:46
[ { "message": "In the thread below, there are different opinions whether output voltage of a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) depends on load current or not. <a href=\"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/90157/boost-converter-output-voltage-dependence\">Boost Converter Ou...
Does output voltage of a boost converter depend on load current in CCM?
electronics
2017-12-11T23:04:01.593
[ { "message": "Can Radios on a Chip be used as RF amplifiers in multi-stage TRF Radios?<br>MK 484; ZN414;<br>The idea is to replace tubes with low safe voltage semiconductor modules in retrofitting 1920's TRF Radios as well as building breadboard style STEAMPUNK TRF Radios using Antique/Vintage Components with m...
radio on a chip
electronics
2017-12-12T05:23:14.400
[ { "message": "I need to find the inductor current for t > 0 and initial conditions as in example below. I think it's enough to divide V1 by 5*s and take the inverse Laplace Transform but my answer 3*e^-2*t - 7*e^-t + 4 is not the same as the book answer. It has +3 instead of my +4. It seems to be that book answ...
Find inductor current with Laplace
electronics
2017-12-12T14:14:27.263
[ { "message": "I have to give a signal to a inverter. I am trying to do this using two push button.First pushbutton can turn on and turn off the signal(a relay coil) like a toogle switch.Second push button can only turn off the signal (previously on by first pushbutton)Is there any way to do this only using seve...
Start and stop using one pushbutton
electronics
2017-12-12T17:46:11.270
[ { "message": "I have a 75W amplifier with a 8ohm speaker connected.I need to record the audio from that output, so i was thinking in using a voltage-divider to condition the signal and record it through the Line-In input of my sound card.What I have to take into account?, what happen if the signal don't have a ...
Attenuate 75W speaker to Line-In
electronics
2017-12-12T18:02:16.027
[ { "message": "The plan is to have a RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) measurement circuit, ATTiny85 for temperature reading plus few buttons and an LCD display on the same PCB.The RTD circuit I've chosen is <a href=\"http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00687c.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">t...
What's the most efficient way to obtain two different DC voltages?
electronics
2017-12-13T09:25:26.303
[ { "message": "I'm pretty beginner here but I'm trying to implement this circular <a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/J2i8p.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">The issue that I didn't find <a href=\"http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm224.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">lm224 so i replaced it with lm324cd and I ...
Can i replace op amp lna111 with amp lm324cd?
electronics
2017-12-13T11:54:54.327
[ { "message": "I'm pretty beginner here but I'm trying to implement this circular <a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/J2i8p.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">The issue that I didn't find <a href=\"http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm224.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">lm224 so i replaced it with lm324cd and I ...
Can i replace op amp lna111 with amp lm324cd?
electronics
2017-12-13T11:54:54.327
[ { "message": "Below is a wikipedia section about reflection coefficient in electrical engineering:<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/rJlBB.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">source: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_coefficient\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflect...
Physical meaning of reflection coefficient being complex
electronics
2017-12-13T12:59:09.943
[ { "message": "I am powering a few op-amps from a split supply made from a 7805 and 7905. Before connecting the amps, I measured the outputs from both regulators and got 5V and -5V, respectively. However, after I soldered down the amps, I observe -0.9V at the 7805 output pin (the 7905 functions properly). The 78...
Incorrect Output From 7805
electronics
2017-12-13T22:54:25.590
[ { "message": "I am working on a circuit which compares three voltages V(a), V(b) and V(c) by using only op-amps.To result If V(a)>V(b)>V(c) , V(output) should be 15vIf V(a)>V(c)>V(b) , V(output) should be 15vIf V(b)>V(a)>V(c) , V(output) should be 10vIf V(b)>V(c)>V(a) , V(output) should be 10vIf V(c)>V(a)>V(b) ...
Compare three voltages by using comparator
electronics
2017-12-13T23:35:42.357
[ { "message": "All books and references I read say that RHP zero gives a negative phase shift. I can infer that by plot the phase of the function \\$w_{z}-s\\$ where \\$w_{z}&gt;0\\$.With this function, when frequency increases the phase is negative and goes from 0 to -90 degree.However, with exact the same RHP ...
RHP zero with a positive phase shift
electronics
2017-12-14T14:24:04.757
[ { "message": "I have this PCB with led display constantly on consuming all the energy available in the battery I connect. There is a way to switch it off after few seconds? Dc-dc Boost Step up Voltage Converter 3v 3.3v 3.7v 4.2v to 5v 2A", "role": "user" }, { "message": "This can be done. Whether or...
Pcb with led screen display always on
electronics
2017-12-14T16:52:54.387
[ { "message": "I'm exploring a little project that would involve creating a custom USB device by connecting a temperature sensor to a USB device. There seems to be a dearth of information online about how to do this. Originally I found a pretty good sensor that uses the 1-wire protocol, and someone outlined how ...
Options for custom connecting a temperature sensor with a USB 2.0
electronics
2017-12-14T18:20:02.270
[ { "message": "I am currently searching the InGaAs material for infrared imaging usage. I have read some papers about it. It seems a new one. But I can not get real advantages of it, yet. What is the basic reason(motivation) of usage this material in infrared imaging systems? Best Regards,", "role": "user" ...
What is the advantages of InGaAs infrared image sensors?
electronics
2017-12-14T20:18:58.973
[ { "message": "I've a question about the mAh rating of batteries. At the Dutch Wiki page of <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re-uur\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Ampère-uur which is the Dutch word for Ampere hour, they say for example a \\$100\\$ Ah battery can supply 5 A for 20 hours by a temper...
Mistake in calculating the last time of battery (Ampere hour problem)
electronics
2017-12-15T11:24:09.340
[ { "message": "I've used some SN74141 BCD-TO-DEC/DRIVER I had laying around to drive some nixie tubes recently, and I have also seen someone on the internet use HV5622 High Voltage Shift Register. I looked at both devices datasheet, but I can't find any information about why the work with high voltage, how much...
Why is this IC ok for high voltage?
electronics
2017-12-15T19:54:06.023
[ { "message": "I am using Infineon's IGBT - IKW50N65H5 and IKW50N65F5 for a H-bridge inverter. The DC supply to the inverter is the line supply of 230VAC with KBPC5010's full wave rectification. The bridge was being driven at 50kHz at 50% duty cycle so an ample dead-time of 5us. The bridge drives a 7.5kVA ferrit...
IGBT H-bridge failure
electronics
2017-12-16T13:15:13.013
[ { "message": "It seems like they both have the same ideal rules except that non-inverting op-amps are used more often. So what are the important differences between them?", "role": "user" }, { "message": "An inverting op-amp configuration can both amplify and attenuate a signal.On the other hand a n...
What are the noteworthy differences between an inverting and non-inverting op amps?
electronics
2017-12-16T16:06:40.440
[ { "message": "<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/bOgab.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">In the previous FM receiver, how does the left transistor amplify the input radio signal from the antenna at the collector and output it at the base, from what i know the base always has a smaller current than the collecto...
FM Receiver, RF Amplifier
electronics
2017-12-16T19:28:22.903
[ { "message": "I'm trying to read a temperature sensor (Lm35) from my pic16f887 ADC. The thing is I'm getting a difference of about +/- 15 ticks in the results. Is this expected? Should I be doing the mean of several acquisitions? The Lm35 gives temperature in mv, where 10mv = 1 celsius degree. The range goes fr...
ADC accuracy pic16f887
electronics
2017-12-16T20:45:05.487
[ { "message": "I found an old box with 4 ESP8266 module. I initially thought they were ESP8266 -05, but this chip only has 4 pins (with a separate ground) instead of 5 pins (with a separate ground). This is pretty old, so I'm wondering if it was a difference chipset before they upgraded it?<a href=\"https://i....
What ESP8266 module is this?
electronics
2017-12-17T00:45:53.817
[ { "message": "I'm making an AD5933-based circuit where I'm measuring the change of impedance. Based on the application note on how to calibrate the device for different impedance ranges, I see the formula is the following:<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/QNXlR.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><a href=\"http...
AD5933 Feedback and Calibration Resistance
electronics
2017-12-17T08:24:08.137
[ { "message": "Im very new to electronics and what Im currently doing is my first project. I want to make a tiny guitar amp using a speaker I salvaged from an old computer speaker. The speaker says 2 watts 6 ohms on it. Ive researched online and found it probably means 2W rms but it could mean peak too. Since th...
Powering a 2 watt 6 ohm speaker with a 9V battery?
electronics
2017-12-17T20:12:25.513
[ { "message": "<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/XClBr.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">I'm trying to switch off an opamp using the high-side MOSFET switch (Q4, Q5).The issue is that after OpAmp_Vcc_Switch goes low, the voltage on the +VCC pin doesn't go exactly to 0, but stays at 1.8V, leaving the opamp oper...
Switching power to an opamp
electronics
2017-12-17T23:34:30.953
[ { "message": "I am working on a project which requires a long I2C bus which can be long as 200m or more.I searched on the internet and found a chip nxp PCA9600.I would like to know is there any alternate for this chip and if I am using this chip should I keep this at both the ends.(master- Arduino mega, slave m...
I2C bus extender
electronics
2017-12-18T05:59:39.457
[ { "message": "I'm trying to replicate a Silicon Photomultiplier array multiplexing scheme by SensL. The link to their application note is found here:<a href=\"http://sensl.com/downloads/ds/TN-Signal_Driven_Multiplexing_Method.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://sensl.com/downloads/ds/TN-Signal_Driven_Multi...
Using on-board amplifiers instead of external amplifiers
electronics
2017-12-18T17:41:37.580
[ { "message": "I'm trying to put together a constant current sink circuit for discharging small Lithium-Ion coin cells. I need to be able to sink from about 200 uA to 12 mA. My first thought was to use some voltage regulators like the LM317 or the LP2951. Unfortunately for the LM317 as the battery discharges fro...
microamp constant current sink
electronics
2017-12-19T05:01:48.377
[ { "message": "This question is haunting me for a long time. This could be something very basic and I do not know how it works or could be some misunderstanding! I am now using <a href=\"https://www.olimex.com/Products/ARM/ST/STM32-E407/open-source-hardware\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">STM32E407 as DALI master ...
DALI Multi-Master: How to design a multi-master system? Is it part of DALI standard?
electronics
2017-12-19T14:22:39.610
[ { "message": "as far as I know, register (e.g., reg reg1) and register file (e.g., reg [3:0] reg2) can be used in the always block whether it is a sequential (i.e., always @(posedge clk)) or combinational (i.e., always @*).However, only when they are used in sequential always block, Flip-flops are inferred. I t...
Why Verilog doesn't introduce a FF for reg type variable in always@* block and why reg is allowed in combinational circuits
electronics
2017-12-19T17:16:18.647
[ { "message": "Please forgive my lack of knowledge as all of this is VERY new to me... old dogs and new tricks and all ;)I want to wire a usb cable to a simple momentary button to use as a push-to-talk button. I've done some LIGHT FIT stuff; built button boxes with zero latency boards and such, but I'm not sure ...
Wiring a momentary button to USB
electronics
2017-12-19T22:48:37.483
[ { "message": "My usbasp was working fine.I could burn programme to atmega328p.But last night i wanted to cahnge the clockspeed by clock_prescale_set ( clock_div_t x ).after that it burned successfully and changed the clock speed.But I couldnot burn any new program.it shows this error massage in avr st...
Can not flash atmega328p with usbasp
electronics
2017-12-20T20:17:37.813
[ { "message": "It has been a while since I took \"Embedded Systems\" course where we studied \"Super-Loops\", \"RTOS\", Semaphores, Multitasking (cooperative vs premptive) so sorry for this question.We have an an application where we have an ADCinterface to a number of signals and where we are sending SMS at the...
Do microcontrollers support threading?
electronics
2017-12-20T21:30:12.443
[ { "message": "I'm unable to understand how the biasing of the 12AX7 Tube in the schematic below works.In particular, I can't understand how the LM334 can switch on, where does it find the required voltage to switch on?<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/I0s0I.png\" rel=\"noreferrer\">", "role": "user" }, ...
Tube cathode biasing with CCS
electronics
2017-12-21T13:33:41.230
[ { "message": "I wanted to create a circuit that Lit's up an LED when water level rises to a certain level. I have created the following schematics following the <a href=\"https://www.electronicshub.org/water-level-alarm-using-555-timer/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">https://www.electronicshub.org/water-level-al...
Water level indicator with PNP transistor
electronics
2017-12-21T16:04:09.957
[ { "message": "I am trying to understand what is happening with this linear regulator circuit.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/6wgWk.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Is it right to say: It would be very hard for this circuit to manage large changes in line voltages because there wouldn't be enough voltage dr...
line regulation
electronics
2017-12-21T16:40:27.533
[ { "message": "I'm using the switch below as a replacement boor bell switch. The LED requires 12V AC/DC and the switch has change over contacts. <a href=\"http://docs-europe.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/1559/0900766b81559353.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Datasheet.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/AO4LZ....
How to read /debounce an illuminated switch using only two wires?
electronics
2017-12-22T01:45:44.277
[ { "message": "I'm currently building a house, and thinking of adding some home automation features. I was thinking of putting one or two microcontrollers in each room (housed in a junction box), and connecting them to a central hub using a CAN network. I know how to do the interesting stuff like programming the...
Implementation details of a home microcontroller network
electronics
2017-12-22T08:06:36.267
[ { "message": "This is my schematic: <a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/VSbku.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">The PL9823 uses the same protocol as WS1012 (NeoPixel)When using 5V MCU and 5V to power the LED everything works OK.When using 3v3 MCU and 3v3 to power the LED everything works OK.When using 3v3 MCU a...
PL9823 data line corruption when using 3v3
electronics
2017-12-22T08:57:04.583
[ { "message": "Looking to utilise vref on a K60 Kinetis, which has VREFH and VREFL pins. Ideally referencing to 3v3, but very stable -ie not using the supply lines - what would be the best way of achieving this - a dedicated VREF IC (and if so, what, and how would it be connected) or can a more simple yet elegan...
ADC Vref Options
electronics
2017-12-22T15:59:02.897
[ { "message": "Considering an NPN BJT transistor, I have read in some texts before that for a more stable control of collector current Ic by the base-emitter voltage Vbe, the effect of Vce on the width of base region is minimized. So Ic Vce curves are better to be flatter. But how is that achieved in constructio...
How is Early effect of a BJT minimized during its construction?
electronics
2017-12-22T20:46:22.040
[ { "message": "Somewhat related to <a href=\"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/346360/why-aren-t-the-main-conductors-in-this-underground-power-cable-made-from-copper\">this question on aluminum vs copper, when making a cable one needs to consider the cost of insulation as well. I suspect there may ...
What is (roughly) the ratio of insulation-to-conductor cost in a cable?
electronics
2017-12-24T12:22:44.557
[ { "message": "Here I am referring to class B output power amplifier.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/KyNzG.png\" rel=\"noreferrer\">This circuit should be easy to build and understand but I'm having problems with biasing since I don't really know how to bias the bases of Q1 and Q2, so that Q1 would conduct ...
Difficulties with Class B Amplifier Biasing
electronics
2017-12-24T13:55:06.750
[ { "message": "Here I am referring to class B output power amplifier.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/KyNzG.png\" rel=\"noreferrer\">This circuit should be easy to build and understand but I'm having problems with biasing since I don't really know how to bias the bases of Q1 and Q2, so that Q1 would conduct ...
Difficulties with Class B Amplifier Biasing
electronics
2017-12-24T13:55:06.750
[ { "message": "Let's say I've a \\$3\\times450\\$ VAC \\$60\\$ Hz \\$1150\\$ kVA generator. How much current will there be generated when it runs at maximum capacity?MY WORK:The total Active power over a three-fase system is given by:$$P=\\sqrt{3}UI\\cos\\varphi\\tag1$$Where \\$U\\$ is the line voltage and \\$I\...
Generated current in a \$3\times450\$ VAC \$60\$ Hz \$1150\$ kVA generator
electronics
2017-12-24T15:55:20.160
[ { "message": "I'm trying to build a circuit for controlling the speed of a fan from an ESP8266 MCU. I have a PN2222 transistor with the base connected through a 1K resistor to a digital out of the MCU. The voltage at the digital out is +3.3V when it's high and I verified that I can successfully set it high an...
12V volts being reduced through a PN2222
electronics
2017-12-24T21:19:14.387
[ { "message": "I'm working on wiring a tweeter. I had success with this when using a lm386. I just connected 9V power supply to pin 6 and inserted a high pass filter at led 5 with the tweeter wired in parallel. LM386 Data Sheet <a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/UyG57.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">However I...
Speaker works with lm386 but not transistor
electronics
2017-12-25T09:09:41.790
[ { "message": "I am wondering if it is possible to build an embedded linux board at home that has basic features like USB , serial and linux support but is powerfull enough to drive an LCD. I have looked at this tutorial <a href=\"http://hforsten.com/making-embedded-linux-computer.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferre...
Is it possible for someone to build a linux embedded board at home?
electronics
2017-12-25T20:45:46.253
[ { "message": "Recently I refresh a laptop battery with new 18650's. This is working however it still doesn't last very long because of the chip inside this battery. The chip must recallibrated (data is incorrect and based upon previous batteries) but cannot do this. There are smart chargers that can charge 1865...
Why batteries need to be custom and smart nowadays?
electronics
2017-12-25T21:06:40.760
[ { "message": "I would like to ask three questions about blocking &amp; non-blocking assignment.The first question is that How the blocking and non-blocking statement works when they are combined.following the book \"FPGA_Prototyping_By_Verilog_Examples\" it says that <blockquote> When an always block is activa...
<Verilog> Mixed blocking & non-blocking assignment
electronics
2017-12-26T03:31:33.200
[ { "message": "The DF Player and all it's clones are super cheap on Aliexpress and similar websites, one can be bought under $1.5. The problem is that the low power state of the module is non existing with around 30mA drawn is that state. That makes the module unsuitable for battery usage. Powering the module do...
Alternative for the DF Player (mp3 playback module)?
electronics
2017-12-26T16:55:21.270
[ { "message": "I have started to document the electrical system in a custom machine that we own. I'm using TinyCad for the schematic and that's working OK. I also want to create wiring diagrams to represent the routing of wires, which DIN rail they equipment they are connected to is on, etc.I'm new to ALL of thi...
How are terminal blocks depicted in a wiring diagram?
electronics
2017-12-26T18:22:37.157
[ { "message": "Currently, I can program/debug a STM32 over a Raspberry Pi 3 with OpenOCD and also want to receive and transmit data to/from STM32.Can I use STM's SWO trace pin to transmit and receive data? Or is SWO only for debug purposes (read-only)?", "role": "user" }, { "message": "The name of th...
Can I communicate with a STM32 over SWO?
electronics
2017-12-26T20:19:06.957
[ { "message": "I've used bootstrapping several times, either to boost the input impedance of an amplifier or to increase its gain. However most of the times I can see the beneficial effects of bootstrapping without actually knowing what's the actual input impedance of an amp due to bootstrapping.Consider the fol...
How to determine the input resistance of a bootstrapped emitter follower
electronics
2017-12-27T05:36:53.337
[ { "message": "I want to generate 1 megahertz square wave pulses between +10V and -30V, supplying 20mA with a variable duty cycle. What is the recommended way to do this given the inconvenient voltages and moderately high frequency?I can easily generate the 1 MHz signal so I just need a way to boost the voltage....
How to generate 1 MHz pulses of +10/-30V?
electronics
2017-12-27T06:49:36.867
[ { "message": "I visit my father's house a few times each year. When he built the place, he had it wired for sound using in-wall systems, but (it seems) not by professionals. He blew out a receiver/amp, so I asked him to examine the wiring and he says it has all 8 speakers in parallel, patched together down in...
Use multimeter to find approximate impedance of miswired speaker array?
electronics
2017-12-27T21:19:11.970
[ { "message": "What is the output when D and C on D flip flop are connected (when they are the same), what happens with set up and hold time in this case? Can someone explain this simple as possible?", "role": "user" }, { "message": "Possible setup violation because data may not be stable in the setu...
What is the output when D and C on D flip flop are connected?
electronics
2017-12-27T21:24:20.220
[ { "message": "This is the circuit I made - designed it, calculated it, built it:<a href=\"/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fmXkoM.png\">simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using <a href=\"https://www.circuitlab.com/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">CircuitLabQ1's and Q2's collector curr...
Another Failed Differential Amplifier
electronics
2017-12-28T01:12:27.763
[ { "message": "I've recently gotten interested in electronics and so after doing some reading I've decided to have a go at building my own simple electronics circuit to control a 12V RGB LED Strip with wifi. I've chosen the ESP8266 chip, but at the moment I'm still focussing on getting it all connected. I have a...
Help with first electronics circuit
electronics
2017-12-28T13:27:57.627
[ { "message": "I am confused on how to implement this circuit to a real one. Any idea?<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/I3lkC.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/g2PGK.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">I want to implement the schematic diagram above (1st Pic) to here. How to d...
How to implement 16x16 LED DOT Matrix in Proteus
electronics
2017-12-28T16:27:20.910
[ { "message": "After establishing that we're not going to use our load bank in PWM mode (see <a href=\"https://www.mouser.fr/productdetail/infineon-technologies/bss84p-h6327?qs=sGAEpiMZZMshyDBzk1%2FWi5ISJmYFIFJTlRAE0TGPPDQ%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">here), I'm now trying to draft up a circuit that would be...
Ruggedizing a home-made High-Current SSPC
electronics
2017-12-28T22:04:47.337
[ { "message": "I would like to power a white LED from batteries.The LED I'd like to use has a forward voltage of 3.3V, the datasheet specifies the voltage range from minimum 2.8V to maximum 3.8V.My idea is to use 1.5V AA or AAA batteries to power the LED, I don't want to use Lithium batteries for this project. I...
How to power a white LED from batteries
electronics
2017-12-28T23:01:42.843
[ { "message": "I recieved some IN-14 nixie tubes for Christmas, and was hoping to implement them in a project i have been considering for some time. The details are unimportant, except that each nixie tube should have its own discrete pcb and driver.After looking at ICs for some time I found the MAXIM 6966, a LE...
MAX6966 a suitable sink driver for nixie tubes?
electronics
2017-12-29T10:21:51.917
[ { "message": "Is it possible to move an internal SD card from a Samsung Galaxy S3 into another phone (Galaxy S2) to retrieve the information from the card, or is there any other way to access the information from the internal SD card?Hello,I have a Samsung Galaxy S3 and a Galaxy S2. They both have problems with...
Is it possible to move an internal SD card from a Samsung Galaxy S3 into another phone (Galaxy S2) to retrieve the information from the card?
electronics
2017-12-29T10:41:04.330
[ { "message": "I'm developing two similar circuits that will enable me to differentiate the X and Y coordinates from a segmented photo-diode (Four segments). These coordinates will be dependent upon the position of a laser spot falling onto the surface of the segmented photo-diode. I hope to obtain a value betwe...
Offsetting a differential amplifier to remove the need for a dual supply
electronics
2017-12-29T14:55:09.733
[ { "message": "I've put the word etching in quotations as the method to get conductive tracks on a glass or plastic film might not involve a subtractive approach as with traditional PCBs of applying a conductive layer (such as ITO in this case) and then removing the unneeded part, but rather an additive approach...
"etching" transparent conductor on transparent plastic film or glass?
electronics
2017-12-29T17:52:59.613
[ { "message": "I have been reading about communication theory and I was wondering if matched filters can be implemented with analog parts and what they would look like?If they can't be it seems like the matched filter construct is of only theoretical interest without any practical implementations.", "role": ...
Implementation of Analog Matched Filter
electronics
2017-12-29T18:30:43.830
[ { "message": "I have an input from a source at 5V with a maximum current of I believe 2A. I want to drive an output also at 5V but only at certain times. The output should be capable of supplying up to 1A at 5V. The arduino has other sensors and when certain values on these sensors are reached the input source ...
Use MOSFET as switch enabled by Arduino output
electronics
2017-12-29T19:44:23.133
[ { "message": "In a little hobby project I am trying to send data from one Arduino to another using a modulated laser and a photodiode.On the sender side, the laser has a dedicated modulation input for up to 100kHz. The input is low-active and I connect it directly to the TX pin of the sender-Arduino serial port...
Transimpedance amplifier with inverted output
electronics
2017-12-30T12:14:42.643
[ { "message": "As a part of my effort to build a pure sine inverter I made the following MOSFET H Bridge. This was connected to a load through a LC filter where PWM signals are given as in the diagram below.PWM frequency is 16kHz with Q1 &amp; Q3 switching at 50Hz.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kxula.png\" ...
Voltage Spikes in MOSFET H Bridge
electronics
2017-12-30T14:43:47.790
[ { "message": "I have an input connector which provides 12V power, and a few 5V logic lines. The 5V Vcc is derived from a local regulator:<a href=\"/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f0sz7O.png\">simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using <a href=\"https://www.circuitlab.com/\" ...
ESD protection: clamp to 12V or derived 5V?
electronics
2017-12-30T20:23:45.660
[ { "message": "I'm trying to modify a Lego alarm clock for my kid. It has a select switch to turn the alarm on/off. It also has a NO push button (smack his head) which lights up the display for a short time and also activates \"snooze\". My goal is to make the push button briefly open and close the \"alarm on...
Need advice on converting NO switch to NC on alarm clock
electronics
2017-12-31T02:14:06.157
[ { "message": "How to prototype analog audio processing?Should I merely trial with analog electronics or should I simulate the circuits in software first?Particularly, I'm interested in discovering new forms of processing. Fine tuned designs over existing designs. I have ideas regarding \"what I want to hear\", ...
How to prototype analog audio processing?
electronics
2017-12-31T12:17:22.930
[ { "message": "I'm generating a PWM signal on STM32F103 using TIM1. Timebase init code is:<pre><code>timebase_prescale = 1;timebase_reload = 3000;TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef timebase;timebase.TIM_Prescaler = timebase_prescale - 1;timebase.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;timebase.TIM_Period = timebase_reload;tim...
STM32 hits breakpoint when TIM1 prescaler > 2
electronics
2018-01-01T19:28:14.120
[ { "message": "This is a follow-up question to <a href=\"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/347366/transimpedance-amplifier-with-inverted-output\">this one.I am trying to modify a <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transimpedance_amplifier\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">transimpedance amplifier ...
Transimpedance amplifier design problem
electronics
2018-01-01T19:36:01.413
[ { "message": "I am trying to build a power supply circuit which accepts two phases (220 VAC 50 Hz) and outputs 5V 1A. It must keep working if there is at least one phase present. Both phases can be coming from separate sources so I have taken a worse case phase difference of 180 degrees. Essentially the phase d...
Offline switcher SMPS design with two phase inputs
electronics
2018-01-02T11:00:06.260
[ { "message": "I'm not that good in electronics, so maybe what I'll write bellow might sound awkward to you. If so, please correct me where needed, or ask me for any other more details.I'm trying to add a standard wall switch to an <a href=\"https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/2471/0A-ESP8266__Datasheet_...
Switch on ESP8266
electronics
2018-01-02T14:04:18.450
[ { "message": "I'm trying to communicate with 32 microcontrollers (PIC 12f675). These are used to control 32 DC motors and 2 sensor for each PIC. So only two pins are left to communicate with master device.I want to send signals (how much rounds to rotate and direction) to these 32 slave PICs in one master devic...
One master to 32 slave pic microcontroller communication, bitbang
electronics
2018-01-02T18:23:30.043
[ { "message": "This is the datasheet of voltage regulator that I would use:<a href=\"http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdfIs it possible to exchange that 22uF with an equivalent (or larger) ceramic instead of electrolytic...
AMS1117 33 sot223: is it ok with ceramic capacitors?
electronics
2018-01-02T18:51:51.940
[ { "message": "I've been working on a 4-layer design built around the EFR32BG13 Bluetooth Low Energy SoC. While trying to measure the impedance of the antenna to build a matching circuit, I discovered that my short grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transmission line was acting more like an antenna than a transm...
What is wrong with my 50 Ω grounded coplanar waveguide?
electronics
2018-01-03T06:59:23.503
[ { "message": "I have a noise cancelling headphone that still works as a passive headphone when turned off, even with the battery removed. How does this work?In my mind noise cancelling is basically adding negative noise to the signal, so I suppose it is something like an adder.<a href=\"/plugins/schematics?imag...
How does the power switch of an active noise canceling headphone work?
electronics
2018-01-03T14:13:29.083
[ { "message": "<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/SaPl6.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">I just able to find EMF=4017 µV. Then, how can I find R1, R2, R3 and R4 with just one equation? Is my answer correct ?<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/1N3aW.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">", "role": "user" }, ...
Thermocouple with Difference amplifier
electronics
2018-01-03T16:36:31.920
[ { "message": "Is DSP really required for over current numerical relay. If we have processor with 16 bits ADC, frequency in MHz and some KB RAM, then also we can achieve over current protection with good accuracy for wide current range. So what is so special about DSP???", "role": "user" }, { "messag...
why DSP is required for over current numerical relays
electronics
2018-01-03T18:08:23.040
[ { "message": "I'm working on my first project with the STM32F103C8T6. The main purpose is to use its ADC on its resolution limits (signals about ~1mV). Many schematics on the internet put an LC filter between the main 3.3V (Vdd) and the analog power supply (VddA), just like that:<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur....
Inductor near the microcontroller
electronics
2018-01-03T21:21:30.377
[ { "message": "<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/X24fT.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Hi so i was trying to create a footprint based on this dimension. But i'm not quite sure what these two numbers mean exactly? Are they MAX/MIN? Which one should i use? Thank you!", "role": "user" }, { "message"...
Question regarding dimension when creating an EAGLE Footprint
electronics
2018-01-04T04:47:20.490
[ { "message": "How to lock ATMEGA328p-au to disable sketch read from Arduino IDE?Is there a hardware way too?What are the chances it can go wrong?What will happen if it goes wrong?Notice: I am a computer science guy and new to electronics. So please explain your answer in detail :-)----More Info----The chip in c...
How to lock ATMEGA328p-au to disable sketch read
electronics
2018-01-04T08:11:50.557
[ { "message": "I'm trying to design a UPS circuit for microcontroller backup. Require 3.7-5V, and less than 50mA for 10 seconds every 15 min. Power cuts in my area are never longer than 3hours, and occur rarely.I'm wondering if the inductor of the oscillator drive part of the joule(!) thief can be made any simpl...
5V UPS circuit with NiMH joule thief backup
electronics
2018-01-04T09:03:09.253
[ { "message": "I'm trying to design a UPS circuit for microcontroller backup. Require 3.7-5V, and less than 50mA for 10 seconds every 15 min. Power cuts in my area are never longer than 3hours, and occur rarely.I'm wondering if the inductor of the oscillator drive part of the joule(!) thief can be made any simpl...
5V UPS circuit with NiMH joule thief backup
electronics
2018-01-04T09:03:09.253
[ { "message": "I am designing a system that contains an RTC to for displaying the date and time on a user interface, as well as log events with time stamps. In this particular case, the system gets powered-on at intervals ranging from once a day to once every two weeks. When used, it runs on a DC power supply, w...
Coin cell battery recharging circuit for RTC backup power
electronics
2018-01-04T12:10:58.153
[ { "message": "I have been measuring signals in an oscilloscope and I have stumbled upon a practical exercise of calculating the DC offset of a signal. Basically what I did was turn on the DC coupling, take the maximum voltage (eg. 2.36 volts) then turn on the AC coupling , take the maximum voltage again (e.g., ...
DC and AC coupling peak-peak difference
electronics
2018-01-04T13:54:02.490
[ { "message": "I want to make a power meter which I can plug in a electrical socket in my house. I tried around with falstad to measure the current over a shunt and came up with this solution.<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/ehI0w.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">But the problem is when I calculate it by \"h...
Current Measure on 230V 50Hz
electronics
2018-01-04T16:31:39.030
[ { "message": "Sorry for the dumb question, but I only know enough to get myself in trouble.. I've searched through previous questions and haven't found an answer that dumbs it down enough for me.I'm trying to activate a 12vDC 12amp linear actuator (<a href=\"https://www.progressiveautomations.com/linear-actua...
How do I wire Solid State Relays to a linear actuator
electronics
2018-01-04T16:41:14.833
[ { "message": "I'm having trouble solving these two problems (my solution and general solution showed):<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/L9pdp.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/FV89c.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">What I did was follow the truth table and based on the com...
SR latch timing diagram or waveform with delay, help!
electronics
2018-01-04T20:34:57.063
[ { "message": "I am new to DC-DC switching boost regulator. In my application, I need regulated 3.3V output from 2 (1.5V) single alkaline batteries. I have a light load taking only about 0.5 mA most of the time and as per the user activity intermittently, power to a module is switched (with a load switch), which...
DC Switching Boost Regulator at light load - power saving
electronics
2018-01-04T21:34:45.863
[ { "message": "I'm working on my first electronics project. Basically I'm trying to control an rgb led strip from a raspberry pi's gpio pins. I'm trying to convert the raspberry pi's 3.3v up to the 5v required for the led strip. I bought these level converters <a href=\"https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/...
raspberry pi 3.3 to 5v level shift for led rgb strip
electronics
2018-01-05T01:18:59.660
[ { "message": "Seeing a lot of mixed infomation around involving ground planes on multilayer boards. For a mixed signal mulitlayer PCB which is the preferred method? I know every board is different and it depends what your board is doing but I see alot of people with isolated ground planes yet Henry Otts advice ...
Power and Ground planes The Henry Ott way or split ground planes
electronics
2018-01-05T12:53:50.877
[ { "message": "I'm making a simple SMPS to create multiple isolated outputs to audio effects circuits.I need to make a toroid pulse transformer which has one primary andat least 10 secondaries.These secondaries will be used in pairs to make 5 positive and negative outputs.I've never wound my own transformer befo...
Questions about SMPS Toroid winding
electronics
2018-01-05T13:40:55.497
[ { "message": "I need to measure a very short distance (&lt; 5 or 10mm) of a rotating shaft which will eventually move to one side by a few mm.I would connect this to an Arduino or similar.Could someone recommend a cheap option and a more professional option for the sensor?", "role": "user" }, { "mes...
Measuring 0.1mm accuracy of very short distance (< 5 or 10mm)
electronics
2018-01-05T16:58:53.857
[ { "message": "I've got a trouble with this filter:<a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/Mtc4w.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">I tried calculating transfer function from four-pole matrix, but can't handle it :(Any help much appreciated.That shaggy drawed element near U1 source is coil. Sorry for my drawing.What ...
Transfer function of filter
electronics
2018-01-05T17:05:52.287
[ { "message": "I've a Y.S. Tech fan with 4 non-standard colored wires connected in a UPS, and I want to replace that fan with a bigger standard 4pin fan doing a \"UPS case mod\". Motivations aside.Here I want to focus my question on how to determine which wire is meant for what, for me to know how to proceed. So...
Y.S. Tech Fan 4 wires, but which is which?
electronics
2018-01-05T18:38:48.927