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Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with inter-chirp coding produces high side-lobes in the Doppler and range dimensions of the radar's ambiguity function. The high side-lobes may cause miss-detection due to masking between targets that are at similar range and have large received power difference, as... |
Terahertz (THz) communications are celebrated as key enablers for converged localization and sensing in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems and beyond. Instead of being a byproduct of the communication system, localization in 6G is indispensable for location-aware communications. |
The widespread mobile devices facilitated the emergence of many new applications and services. Among them are location-based services (LBS) that provide services based on user's location. |
The communication bottleneck of over-the-air federated learning (OA-FL) lies in uploading the gradients of local learning models. In this paper, we study the reduction of the communication overhead in the gradients uploading by using the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique. |
In wearable sensing applications, data is inevitable to be irregularly sampled or partially missing, which pose challenges for any downstream application. An unique aspect of wearable data is that it is time-series data and each channel can be correlated to another one, such as x, y, z axis of accelerometer. |
Background: For an individualized support of patients during rehabilitation, learning of individual machine learning models from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is required. Our approach allows labeled training data to be recorded without the need for a specific training session. |
Based on recent health statistics, there are several thousands of people with limb disability and gait disorders that require a medical assistance. A robot assisted rehabilitation therapy can help them recover and return to a normal life. |
Most rational systems can be described in terms of orthonormal basis functions. This paper considers the reconstruction of a sparse coefficient vector for a rational transfer function under a pair of orthonormal rational function bases and from a limited number of linear frequency-domain measurements. |
Traditional self-interference cancellation (SIC) methods are common in full-duplex (FD) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. However, exploring new SIC schemes is important due to the limitations of traditional approaches. |
Cell-free wireless communication is envisioned as one of the most promising network architectures, which can achieve stable and uniform communication performance while improving the system energy and spectrum efficiency. The deployment of cell-free networks is envisioned to be a longterm evolutionary process, in which... |
The Software-defined networking(SDN) paradigm centralizes control decisions to improve programmability and simplify network management. However, this centralization turns the network vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks, and in the case of resource constrained networks, the vulnerabilities escalate. |
We consider the problem of recovering channel code parameters over a candidate set by merely analyzing the received encoded signals. We propose a deep learning-based solution that I) is capable of identifying the channel code parameters for any coding scheme (such as LDPC, Convolutional, Turbo, and Polar codes), II) i... |
Beam management, including initial access (IA) and beam tracking, is essential to the millimeter-wave Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network. However, conventional communication-only and feedback-based schemes suffer a high delay and low accuracy of beam alignment since they only enable the receiver to passively hear t... |
This paper focuses on quantifying the outage performance of terahertz (THz) relaying systems. In this direction, novel closed-form expressions for the outage probability of a dual-hop relaying system, in which both the source-relay and relay-destination links suffer from fading and stochastic beam misalignment, are ex... |
Ultra-massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been seen as the key radio technology for the advancement of wireless communication systems, due to its capability to better utilize the spatial dimension of the propagation channels. Channel sounding is essential for developing accurate and realisti... |
Wireless cellular communication networks are bandwidth and interference limited. An important means to overcome these resource limitations is the use of multiple antennas. |
Wireless cellular networks have many parameters that are normally tuned upon deployment and re-tuned as the network changes. Many operational parameters affect reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR), and, ultimately, throughput. |
Authorization systems are increasingly relying on processing radio frequency (RF) waveforms at receivers to fingerprint (i.e., determine the identity) of the corresponding transmitter. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a popular paradigm to perform RF fingerprinting in networks with multiple access points (APs), ... |
Timing recovery is critical for synchronizing the clocks at the transmitting and receiving ends of a digital coherent communication system. The core of timing recovery is to determine reliably the current sampling error of the local digitizer so that the timing circuit may lock to a stable operation point. |
Training end-to-end unrolled iterative neural networks for SPECT image reconstruction requires a memory-efficient forward-backward projector for efficient backpropagation. This paper describes an open-source, high performance Julia implementation of a SPECT forward-backward projector that supports memory-efficient bac... |
Radars often use correlation of received signals with transmitted signals to identify targets. However, when a target translates at a high uniform speed, the correlation of the transmitted and received signals depends strongly on the target's velocity, even after the two-way Doppler shift has been removed. |
Today's power generation and distribution networks are quickly moving toward automated control and integration of renewable resources - a complex, integrated system termed the Smart Grid. A key component in planning and managing of Smart Grids is State Estimation (SE). |
Signal processing is a fundamental component of almost any sensor-enabled system, with a wide range of applications across different scientific disciplines. Time series data, images, and video sequences comprise representative forms of signals that can be enhanced and analysed for information extraction and quantifica... |
In this work, we investigate a multistatic MIMO-OFDM joint sensing and communication (JSC) system that leverages cooperation among spatially distributed base stations (BSs) to detect and localize multiple targets through soft fusion of range-angle maps. We propose an innovative selective data fusion strategy that comb... |
Snapshot Multispectral Light-field Imaging (SMLI) is an emerging computational imaging technique that captures high-dimensional data (x, y, z, $\theta$, $\phi$, $\lambda$) in a single shot using a low-dimensional sensor. The accuracy of high-dimensional data reconstruction depends on representing the spectrum using ne... |
This paper investigates the performance of terahertz~(THz) wireless systems over the $\alpha$-$\mathcal{F}$ fading channels with beam misalignment and mobility. New expressions are derived for the probability density, cumulative distribution, and moment generating functions, as well as higher-order moments of the inst... |
Multicast services, whereby a common valuable message needs to reach a whole population of user equipments (UEs), are gaining attention on account of new applications such as vehicular networks. As it proves challenging to guarantee decodability by every UE in a large population, service reliability is indeed the Achi... |
Short-and-sparse deconvolution (SaSD) is the problem of extracting localized, recurring motifs in signals with spatial or temporal structure. Variants of this problem arise in applications such as image deblurring, microscopy, neural spike sorting, and more. |
Due to the strong dependency of our societies onGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems and their vulnerability to outages, there is an urgent need for additional navigation systems. A possible approach for such an additional system uses the communication signals of the emerging LEO satellite mega-constellations as signal... |
This paper studies the information-theoretic secrecy capacity of an Offset-QAM-based filterbank multicarrier (FBMC-OQAM) communication over a wiretap frequency selective channel. The secrecy capacity is formulated as an optimization problem which has a closed-form solution in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regim... |
Ultra-dense networks (UDN) constitute one of the most promising techniques of supporting the 5G mobile system. By deploying more small cells in a fixed area, the average distance between users and access points can be significantly reduced, hence a dense spatial frequency reuse can be exploited. |
Electroencephalography-based eye tracking (EEG-ET) leverages eye movement artifacts in EEG signals as an alternative to camera-based tracking. While EEG-ET offers advantages such as robustness in low-light conditions and better integration with brain-computer interfaces, its development lags behind traditional methods... |
The frequency and phase fluctuations of free-running lasers limit the performance of optical heterodyne sub-THz systems - especially for low subcarrier spacing OFDM signals. Digital impairment compensation is implemented here for the successful generation of 170 - 260 GHz sub-THz OFDM signals over 10km analog-RoF link... |
Physiological signal analysis often involves identifying events crucial to understanding biological dynamics. Traditional methods rely on handcrafted procedures or supervised learning, presenting challenges such as expert dependence, lack of robustness, and the need for extensive labeled data. |
Decentralized baseband processing (DBP) architecture, which partitions the base station antennas into multiple antenna clusters, has been recently proposed to alleviate the excessively high interconnect bandwidth, chip input/output data rates, and detection complexity for massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-outp... |
Specific emitter identification (SEI) is a potential physical layer authentication technology, which is one of the most critical complements of upper layer authentication. Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF)-based SEI is to distinguish one emitter from each other by immutable RF characteristics from electronic component... |
The ever-growing power consumption of wireless communication systems necessitates more energy-efficient algorithms. This paper introduces SpikACom ({Spik}ing {A}daptive {Com}munication), a neuromorphic computing-based framework for power-intensive wireless communication tasks. |
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging meta-surface that can provide additional communications links through reflecting the signals, and has been recognized as a strong candidate of 6G mobile communications systems. Meanwhile, it has been recently admitted that implementing artificial intelligence (AI... |
This paper explores the concept of information importance in multi-modal task-oriented semantic communication systems, emphasizing the need for high accuracy and efficiency to fulfill task-specific objectives. At the transmitter, generative AI (GenAI) is employed to partition visual data objects into semantic segments... |
In this paper, we propose a phase shift deep neural network (PhaseDNN) which provides a wideband convergence in approximating a high dimensional function during its training of the network. The PhaseDNN utilizes the fact that many DNN achieves convergence in the low frequency range first, thus, a series of moderately-... |
This paper presents the design and comprehensive measurements of a high-performance 8-element linear array and a compact high-gain 32-element planar antenna array covering the n257 (26.5--29.5 GHz) FR-2 millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. First, an 8-element series-fed linear array is designed with a fan-shaped pattern for... |
The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technique has the potential to achieve coordination gain by exploiting the mutual assistance between sensing and communication (S&C) functions. While the sensing-assisted communications (SAC) technology has been extensively studied for high-mobility scenarios, the co... |
When tracking maneuvering targets, model-driven approaches encounter difficulties in comprehensively delineating complex real-world scenarios and are prone to model mismatch when the targets maneuver. Meanwhile, contemporary data-driven methods have overlooked measurements' confidence, markedly escalating the chal... |
Source localization based on signal strength measurements has become very popular due to its practical simplicity. However, the severe nonlinearity and non-convexity make the related optimization problem mathematically difficult to solve, especially when the transmit power or the path-loss exponent (PLE) is unknown. |
This paper studies a passive localization system, where an extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is deployed at the base station (BS) to locate a user equipment (UE) residing in its near-field (Fresnel) region. We propose a novel algorithm, named array partitioning-based location estimation (APLE), for scalable n... |
We propose a multiple chirp rate index modulation (MCR-IM) system based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences that overcomes the problems of low transmission rate and large-scale access in classical LoRa networks. We demonstrate the extremely low cross-correlation of MCR-IM signals across different spread factors, showing that... |
With the development of modern information technology (IT), a smart grid has become one of the major components of smart cities. To take full advantage of the smart grid, the capability of intelligent scheduling and planning of electricity delivery is essential. |
Spectral graph neural networks are proposed to harness spectral information inherent in graph-structured data through the application of polynomial-defined graph filters, recently achieving notable success in graph-based web applications. Existing studies reveal that various polynomial choices greatly impact spectral ... |
In an extra-large scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) system, the antenna arrays have a large physical size that goes beyond the dimensions in traditional MIMO systems. Because of this large dimensionality, the optimization of an XL-MIMO system leads to solutions with prohibitive complexity when relying on conventional optimization ... |
An increase in availability of Software Defined Radios (SDRs) has caused a dramatic shift in the threat landscape of legacy satellite systems, opening them up to easy spoofing attacks by low-budget adversaries. Physical-layer authentication methods can help improve the security of these systems by providing additional... |
We investigate anomaly detection in an unsupervised framework and introduce Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network based algorithms. In particular, given variable length data sequences, we first pass these sequences through our LSTM based structure and obtain fixed length sequences. |
The Z Transform is a mathematical operation in signal processing, which gives a tractable way to solve linear, constant-coefficient difference equations. Based on the classical Z transform and inspired by the thought of sliding DFT, a new definition of Sliding Z Transform(SZT) is introduced and deduced. |
A great amount of endeavor has recently been devoted to activity detection for massive machine-type communications in cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, as the number of antennas at the access points (APs) increases, the Rayleigh distance that separates the near-field and far-field regio... |
Following the recent success of Machine Learning tools in wireless communications, the idea of semantic communication by Weaver from 1949 has gained attention. It breaks with Shannon's classic design paradigm by aiming to transmit the meaning, i.e., semantics, of a message instead of its exact version, allowing fo... |
This paper considers blind methods for centrality estimation from graph signals. We model graph signals as the outcome of an unknown low-pass graph filter excited with influences governed by a sparse sub-graph. |
This paper considers a discrete-valued signal estimation scheme based on a low-complexity Bayesian optimal message passing algorithm (MPA) for solving massive linear inverse problems under highly correlated measurements. Gaussian belief propagation (GaBP) can be derived by applying the central limit theorem (CLT)-base... |
Accurate modeling of infrasound transmission losses (TLs) is essential to assess the performance of the global International Monitoring System infrasound network. Among existing propagation modeling tools, parabolic equation (PE) method enables TLs to be finely modeled, but its computational cost does not allow explor... |
The conventional approach to pre-process data for compression is to apply transforms such as the Fourier, the Karhunen-Loève, or wavelet transforms. One drawback from adopting such an approach is that it is independent of the use of the compressed data, which may induce significant optimality losses when measured in t... |
An active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user downlink communication system is investigated, where non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to improve spectral efficiency, and the active RIS is powered by energy harvesting (EH). The problem of joint control of the RIS's amplification... |
The assessment of tribological processes necessitates comprehensive monitoring and interpretation of surface states, traditionally by topography height values and surface texture parameters. This paper proposes a phase space representation as generic interpretation of surfaces to enhance tribological assessments. |
The localization speed and accuracy in the indoor scenario can greatly impact the Quality of Experience of the user. While many individual machine learning models can achieve comparable positioning performance, their prediction mechanisms offer different complexity to the system. |
Channel decoding, channel detection, channel assessment, and resource management for wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are all examples of problems where machine learning (ML) can be successfully applied. In this paper, we study several ML approaches to solve the problem of estimating the spectral... |
Social learning algorithms provide models for the formation of opinions over social networks resulting from local reasoning and peer-to-peer exchanges. Interactions occur over an underlying graph topology, which describes the flow of information and relative influence between pairs of agents. |
Four dimensional geometric shell shaping (4D-GSS) is introduced as an approach for closing the nonlinearity-caused shaping gap. This format is designed at the spectral efficiency of 8 b/4D-sym and is compared against polarization-multiplexed 16QAM (PM-16QAM) and probabilistically shaped PM-16QAM (PS-PM-16QAM) in a 400... |
An orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode-group multiplexing (MGM) scheme based on a graded-index ring-core fiber (GIRCF) is proposed, in which a single-input two-output (or receive diversity) architecture is designed for each MG channel and simple digital signal processing (DSP) is utilized to adaptively resist the mode ... |
Airborne platforms, such as drones, balloons, and aerostats, have recently gained considerable interest in the communication sector. Free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems can deliver information wirelessly at high data rates (above 1 Gbps) using compact and lightweight optical terminals. |
Given the significant amount of time people spend in vehicles, health issues under driving condition have become a major concern. Such issues may vary from fatigue, asthma, stroke, to even heart attack, yet they can be adequately indicated by vital signs and abnormal activities. |
This paper investigates an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) enabled multiuser integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, which consists of one multi-antenna base station (BS), one IRS, multiple single-antenna communication users (CUs), and one extended target at the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) region of the B... |
In this paper, we focus on the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enhanced two-way device-to-device (D2D) multi-pair orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. Specifically, we maximize the minimum bidirectional weighted sum-rate by jointly optimizing the sub-band allocation, the po... |
Localization of unknown faults in industrial systems is a difficult task for data-driven diagnosis methods. The classification performance of many machine learning methods relies on the quality of training data. |
Faster-than-Nyquist signaling serves as a promising solution for improving spectral efficiency in future generations of communications. However, its nature of fast acceleration brings highly overlapped pulses that lead to worse peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance. |
Recently, a novel ultra-low power indoor wireless positioning system has been proposed. In this system, Zero-Energy-Devices (ZED) beacons are deployed in Indoor environments, and located on a map with unique broadcast identifiers. |
Graph-based representations play a key role in machine learning. The fundamental step in these representations is the association of a graph structure to a dataset. |
We introduce the Sparse pretrained Radio Transformer (SpaRTran), an unsupervised representation learning approach based on the concept of compressed sensing for radio channels. Our approach learns embeddings that focus on the physical properties of radio propagation, to create the optimal basis for fine-tuning on radi... |
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has become an attractive technology for future wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided dynamic scatterers tracking scheme for ISAC in high mobility millimeter wave communicati... |
A grid of orthogonal beams with zero column coherence can be easily constructed to cover all prospective user equipments (UEs) in the far-field region of a multiple-antenna base station (BS). However, when the BS is equipped with an extremely large aperture array, the Fraunhofer distance is huge, causing the UEs to be... |
This paper proposes a parametric-based network architecture for joint channel estimation and data detection in communications systems with hardware impairments. This architecture is composed of a data-augmented layer, a custom soft thresholding function, and several linear layers modeling the effect of channel effects... |
Trapped human detection in search and rescue (SAR) scenarios poses a significant challenge in pervasive computing. This study addresses this issue by leveraging machine learning techniques, given their high accuracy. |
As communication systems that employ millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands must use large antenna arrays to overcome the severe propagation loss of mmWave signals, hybrid beamforming has been considered as an integral component of mmWave communications. Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been propos... |
Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) extends the concept of single-layer reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS) by incorporating a multi-layered structure, thereby providing enhanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation and improved signal processing capabilities. This study investigates the potential of ... |
The tunability of conductance states of various emerging non-volatile memristive devices emulates the plasticity of biological synapses, making it promising in the hardware realization of large-scale neuromorphic systems. The inference of the neural network can be greatly accelerated by the vector-matrix multiplicatio... |
Impedance matching between receive antenna and front-end significantly impacts channel capacity in wireless channels. To implement capacity-optimal matching, the receiver must know the antenna impedance. |
The joint detection and classification of RF signals has been a critical problem in the field of wideband RF spectrum sensing. Recent advancements in deep learning models have revolutionized this field, remarkably through the application of state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms such as YOLO (You Only Look Once) ... |
This paper presents a simple and accurate method for the inclusion of linear, time-invariant (LTI) networks, described by RF frequency-domain data, within equivalent baseband time-domain simulations. The time-domain representation is formulated as an equivalent baseband discrete-time impulse response, which may be con... |
Sound propagation in the ocean is considered. We demonstrate a novel algorithm for full wavefield reconstruction using pointwise measurements by means of a vertical array. |
The evolving landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given rise to a pressing need for an efficient communication scheme. As the IoT user ecosystem continues to expand, traditional communication protocols grapple with substantial challenges in meeting its burgeoning demands, including energy consumption, scalabi... |
The state of health for lithium battery is necessary to ensure the reliability and safety for battery energy storage system. Accurate prediction battery state of health plays an extremely important role in guaranteeing safety and minimizing the maintenance costs. |
Delay alignment modulation (DAM) has been recently proposed to enable manipulable channel delay spread for efficient single- or multi-carrier communications. In particular, with perfect delay alignment, inter-symbol interference (ISI) can be eliminated even with single-carrier (SC) transmission, without relying on sop... |
Existing three-dimensional (3-D) compressive sensing-based millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging methods require a large-scale storage of the sensing matrix and immense computations owing to the high dimension matrix-vector model employed in the optimization. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose an efficient compressive s... |
Diffuse scattering of electromagnetic waves from natural and artificial surfaces has been extensively studied in various disciplines, including radio wave propagation, and several diffuse scattering models based on different approaches have been proposed over the years, two of the most popular ones being Kirchhoff Theo... |
In this paper, we propose an energy efficient wireless communication system based on fluid antenna relay (FAR) to solve the problem of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links caused by blockages with considering the physical properties. Driven by the demand for the sixth generation (6G) communication, fluid antenna systems (FA... |
This paper investigates how to achieve integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) based on a cell-free radio access network (CF-RAN) architecture with a minimum footprint of communication resources. We propose a new passive sensing scheme. |
A four-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for ultra-low-power applications is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit inclusive of frequency compensation requires minimal transistor count and passives, overcoming the traditionally difficult compensation of 4-stage OTAs and bringing it back to th... |
In this paper, we propose an innovative learning-based channel prediction scheme so as to achieve higher prediction accuracy and reduce the requirements of huge amounts and strict sequential format of channel data. Inspired by the idea of the neural ordinary differential equation (Neural ODE), we first prove that the ... |
Channel estimation is a critical task in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless systems due to the uncertainties imposed by environment dynamics and rapid changes in the IRS configuration. To deal with these uncertainties, deep learning (DL) approaches have been proposed. |
Intentional controlled islanding (ICI) is a final resort for preventing a cascading failure and catastrophic power system blackouts. This paper proposes a controlled islanding algorithm that uses spectral clustering over multi-layer graphs to find a suitable islanding solution. |
An efficient nonlinear contrast source inversion scheme for electromagnetic imaging of sparse two-dimensional investigation domains is proposed. To avoid generating a sequence of linear sparse optimization problems, the non-linearity is directly tackled using the nonlinear Landweber (NLW) iterations. |
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been considered as one of the primary candidates for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G wireless communication networks to satisfy the ever-increasing capacity demands. Full-duplex technology can further enhance the advantages of ... |
The 4D millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar, proficient in measuring the range, azimuth, elevation, and velocity of targets, has attracted considerable interest within the autonomous driving community. This is attributed to its robustness in extreme environments and the velocity and elevation measurement capabilities. |
We propose and validate a novel optical semantic transmission scheme using multimode fiber (MMF). By leveraging the frequency sensitivity of intermodal dispersion in MMFs, we achieve high-dimensional semantic encoding and decoding in the frequency domain. |
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