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A codec for compression of music signals is proposed. The method belongs to the class of transform lossy compression.
The rapid advancement of Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech (ZS-TTS) technology has enabled high-fidelity voice synthesis from minimal audio cues, raising significant privacy and ethical concerns. Despite the threats to voice privacy, research to selectively remove the knowledge to replicate unwanted individual voices from pre-...
Passive acoustic monitoring is used widely in ecology, biodiversity, and conservation studies. Data sets collected via acoustic monitoring are often extremely large and built to be processed automatically using Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning models, which aim to replicate the work of domain experts.
Dysarthric speech recognition has posed major challenges due to lack of training data and heavy mismatch in speaker characteristics. Recent ASR systems have benefited from readily available pretrained models such as wav2vec2 to improve the recognition performance.
Based on API call sequences, semantic-aware and machine learning (ML) based malware classifiers can be built for malware detection or classification. Previous works concentrate on crafting and extracting various features from malware binaries, disassembled binaries or API calls via static or dynamic analysis and resor...
Automatic prediction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease progression provides a more efficient and objective alternative than manual approaches. We propose ALS longitudinal speech transformer (ALST), a neural network-based automatic predictor of ALS disease progression from longitudinal speech recordings of...
In this work, we explore the use of Osu!, a community-based rhythm game, as an alternative source of beat and downbeat annotations. Osu! beatmaps are created and refined by a large, diverse community and span underrepresented genres such as anime, Vocaloid, and video game music.
Generating musical audio directly with neural networks is notoriously difficult because it requires coherently modeling structure at many different timescales. Fortunately, most music is also highly structured and can be represented as discrete note events played on musical instruments.
Most speech separation methods, trying to separate all channel sources simultaneously, are still far from having enough general- ization capabilities for real scenarios where the number of input sounds is usually uncertain and even dynamic. In this work, we employ ideas from auditory attention with two ears and propos...
Recording and annotating real sound events for a sound event localization and detection (SELD) task is time consuming, and data augmentation techniques are often favored when the amount of data is limited. However, how to augment the spatial information in a dataset, including unlabeled directional interference events...
Deep neural networks (DNNs) represent the mainstream methodology for supervised speech enhancement, primarily due to their capability to model complex functions using hierarchical representations. However, a recent study revealed that DNNs trained on a single corpus fail to generalize to untrained corpora, especially ...
Depression is the most common psychological disorder and is considered as a leading cause of disability and suicide worldwide. An automated system capable of detecting signs of depression in human speech can contribute to ensuring timely and effective mental health care for individuals suffering from the disorder.
As speech-enabled devices such as smartphones and smart speakers become increasingly ubiquitous, there is growing interest in building automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems that can run directly on-device; end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition models such as recurrent neural network transducers and their variants ha...
Recent high-performance transformer-based speech enhancement models demonstrate that time domain methods could achieve similar performance as time-frequency domain methods. However, time-domain speech enhancement systems typically receive input audio sequences consisting of a large number of time steps, making it chal...
Automated Audio Captioning is a multimodal task that aims to convert audio content into natural language. The assessment of audio captioning systems is typically based on quantitative metrics applied to text data.
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) recently gained notable attraction in a variety of machine learning tasks: including music classification and style tagging. In this work, we propose implementing intermediate connections to the CNN architecture to facilitate the transfer of multi-scale/level knowledge between diffe...
Training of speech enhancement systems often does not incorporate knowledge of human perception and thus can lead to unnatural sounding results. Incorporating psychoacoustically motivated speech perception metrics as part of model training via a predictor network has recently gained interest.
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, frequently presents with early-stage speech impairments. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), have significantly enhanced PD diagnosis through the analysis of speech data.
In recent years, there has been a growing focus on fairness and inclusivity within speech technology, particularly in areas such as automatic speech recognition and speech sentiment analysis. When audio is transcoded prior to processing, as is the case in streaming or real-time applications, any inherent bias in the c...
Commercial adoption of automatic music composition requires the capability of generating diverse and high-quality music suitable for the desired context (e.g., music for romantic movies, action games, restaurants, etc.). In this paper, we introduce combinatorial music generation, a new task to create varying backgroun...
Despite advances in diffusion-based text-to-music (TTM) methods, efficient, high-quality generation remains a challenge. We introduce Presto!, an approach to inference acceleration for score-based diffusion transformers via reducing both sampling steps and cost per step.
In this paper, we explore self-supervised learning (SSL) for analyzing a first-of-its-kind database of cry recordings containing clinical indications of more than a thousand newborns. Specifically, we target cry-based detection of neurological injury as well as identification of cry triggers such as pain, hunger, and ...
Deep generative models can generate high-fidelity audio conditioned on various types of representations (e.g., mel-spectrograms, Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)). Recently, such models have been used to synthesize audio waveforms conditioned on highly compressed representations.
Recent AIGC systems possess the capability to generate digital multimedia content based on human language instructions, such as text, image and video. However, when it comes to speech, existing methods related to human instruction-to-speech generation exhibit two limitations.
This work proposes FireRedTTS, a foundation text-to-speech framework, to meet the growing demands for personalized and diverse generative speech applications. The framework comprises three parts: data processing, foundation system, and downstream applications.
In speaker verification, we use computational method to verify if an utterance matches the identity of an enrolled speaker. This task is similar to the manual task of forensic voice comparison, where linguistic analysis is combined with auditory measurements to compare and evaluate voice samples.
We introduce ImmerseDiffusion, an end-to-end generative audio model that produces 3D immersive soundscapes conditioned on the spatial, temporal, and environmental conditions of sound objects. ImmerseDiffusion is trained to generate first-order ambisonics (FOA) audio, which is a conventional spatial audio format compri...
In this paper, we present a novel approach to the audio-visual video parsing (AVVP) task that demarcates events from a video separately for audio and visual modalities. The proposed parsing approach simultaneously detects the temporal boundaries in terms of start and end times of such events.
In this paper we consider the effect of a self-consistently computed magnetosdisc field structure on the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling current system at Jupiter. We find that the azimuthal current intensity, and thus the stretching of the magnetic field lines, is dependent on the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ...
A self-consistent two-dimensional model is proposed to account for the transient mesospheric nighttime optical emissions associated to possible intra-cloud (IC) lightning occurring in the Venusian troposphere. The model calculates the mesospheric (between 75 km and 120 km in altitude) quasielestrostatic electric field...
The project consists to determine, mathematically, the trajectory that will take an artificial satellite to fight against the air resistance. During our work, we had to consider that our satellite will crash to the surface of our planet.
We have used corresponding marker features in the intensity vs. time profile of termination shock particles coming from within the heliosheath and also 5-12 MeV electrons which are coming from beyond the heliopause that are both observed at both V1 and V2 in the outer N and S heliosheaths, to estimate the thickness of ...
There has been global attention focused on extreme climatic changes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the response of extreme precipitation events to solar activity, over Kerala, India.
Parker Solar Probe (PSP) is providing an unprecedented view of the Sun's corona as it progressively dips closer into the solar atmosphere with each solar encounter. Each set of observations provides a unique opportunity to test and constrain global models of the solar corona and inner heliosphere and, in turn, use...
The MURaM (Max Planck University of Chicago Radiative MHD) code is a solar atmosphere radiative MHD model that has been broadly applied to solar phenomena ranging from quiet to active sun, including eruptive events such as flares and coronal mass ejections. The treatment of physics is sufficiently realistic to allow f...
Magnetic reconnection plays a crucial role in large dissipative events in space plasmas, such as solar flares and geomagnetic substorms, but there has been much confusion regarding reconnection onset responsible for the explosive events. The main theme of the present paper is to propose a new physical concept on recon...
In this study we present AI Prediction of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (APE), a machine learning model that can accurately predict the Ionospheric Bubble Index (IBI) on the Swarm spacecraft. IBI is a correlation ($R^2$) between perturbations in plasma density and the magnetic field, whose source can be Equatorial Plasma ...
Magnetic field line curvature (FLC) scattering is an effective mechanism for collisionless particle scattering. In the terrestrial magnetosphere, the FLC scattering plays an essential role in shaping the outer boundary of protons radiation belt, the rapid decay of ring current, and the formation of proton isotropic bo...
Deviations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) from Parker's model are frequently observed in the heliosphere at different distances r from the Sun. Usually, it is supposed that the IMF behavior corresponds to Parker's model overall, but there is some turbulent component that impacts and disrupts the fu...
The ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) from ionosonde measurements at geographic high, middle, and low latitudes is analyzed with the occurrence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in long term variability of the solar cycles. We observed trends of monthly maximum foF2 values and monthly averaged values of CME paramet...
Space plasmas are dominated by the presence of large-amplitude waves, large-scale inhomogeneities, kinetic effects and turbulence. Beside the homogeneous turbulence, generation of small scale fluctuations can take place also in other realistic configurations, namely, when perturbations superpose to an inhomogeneous ba...
Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores in situ plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensing observations of the Sun. Our study examines particle observations for the 30 October 2021 shock.
On behalf of the International Women Day, the Sun gave a hot kiss to our mother Earth in a form of a full halo CME generated by the yesterday's double X-class flare. The resulting geomagnetic storm gives a good opportunity to compare the performance of space weather forecast models operating in near-real-time.
A large amount of magnetized plasma is frequently ejected from the Sun as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Some of these ejections are detected in the solar wind as magnetic clouds (MCs) that have flux rope signatures.
Updated summaries of the August 1972 and March 1989 space weather events have been constructed. The features of these two events are compared to the Carrington 1859 event and a few other major space weather events.
As part of the NASA Starlight collaboration, we look at the implications of radiation effects from impacts with the interstellar medium (ISM) on a directed energy driven relativistic spacecraft. The spacecraft experiences a stream of MeV/nucleon impacts along the forward edge primarily from hydrogen and helium nuclei....
This paper briefly reviews a number of fundamental measurements that need to be made in order to characterize turbulence in space plasmas such as the solar wind. It has long been known that many of these quantities require simultaneous multipoint measurements to attain a proper characterization that would reveal the f...
The state of the space environment plays a significant role for forecasting of geomagnetic storms produced by disturbances of the solar wind (SW). Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) passing through the heliosphere often have a prolonged (up to several days) trail with declining speed, which affects propagation of the subse...
We consider accretion-caused deceleration of a gravitationally-powerful compact stellar object traveling within a cold Fermi-gas medium. We provide analytical and numerical estimates of the effect manifestation.
Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging has been noticed as a powerful tool for remote sensing the plasma-neutral interaction in space. Particularly, the technique is used for investigation of space plasma near planetary bodies.
In response to a solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement, the compression of the magnetosphere generates strong ionospheric signatures and a sharp variation in the ground magnetic field, termed sudden commencement (SC). Whilst such compressions have also been associated with a contraction of the ionospheric polar cap ...
A methodology is presented for the differential drag control of a large fleet of propulsion-less satellites deployed in the same orbit. The controller places satellites into a constellation with specified angular offsets and zero-relative speed.
We have determined the interstellar spectra of cosmic ray protons and electrons from a few MeV to ~10 GeV. These interstellar spectra are based on Voyager data and a normalization of specific galactic propagation model calculations of both protons and electrons to PAMELA data at the Earth at 10 GeV, where the solar mo...
Both direct observations and reconstructions from various datasets, suggest that conditions were radically different during the Maunder Minimum (MM) than during the space era. Using an MHD model, we develop a set of feasible solutions to infer the properties of the solar wind during this interval.
Excitation of Weibel magnetic fields in an initially non-magnetized though anisotropic plasma may trigger other low-frequency instabilities fed by pressure anisotropy. It is shown that under Weibel-like-stable conditions the Weibel-like thermal fluctuation magnetic field allows for restricted Firehose-mode growth.
Energetic plasma is everywhere in the Universe. The terrestrial Magnetospheric System is a key case where direct measures of plasma energization and energy transport can be made in situ at high resolution.
Recent in-situ and remote observations suggest that the transport regime associated with shock accelerated particles may be anomalous {i.e., the Mean Square Displacement (MSD) of such particles scales non-linearly with time}. We use self-consistent, hybrid PIC plasma simulations to simulate a quasi-parallel shock with...
How the solar wind influences the magnetospheres of the outer planets is a fundamentally important question, but is difficult to answer in the absence of consistent, simultaneous monitoring of the upstream solar wind and the large-scale dynamics internal to the magnetosphere. To compensate for the relative lack of in-...
The impinging solar wind and its magnetic field perturbed the Earth's magnetosphere and create magnetic storms and substorms. The Earth's magnetosphere expands (contracts) during periods of southward (northward) IMF.
The problem of hydrogen neutrals interacting with the heliospheric bow shock region has received considerable attention recently, motivated primarily by the hope that the Voyager spacecraft may soon encounter the first of the heliospheric boundaries. The complexity of the charge exchange interactions has limited our a...
Cosmology is a field of physics in which the use of General Relativity theory is indispensable. However, a cosmology based on Newtonian gravity theory for gravity is possible in certain circumstances.
We compare of the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) saturation during magnetic storms induced by various types of the solar wind drivers. By using the model of Siscoe-Hill \citep{Hilletal1976,Siscoeetal2002a,Siscoeetal2002b,Siscoeetal2004,Siscoe2011} we evaluate criteria of the CPCP saturation during the main phases of...
In nearly all concepts invoked or proposed to change or shield gravity it is intuitively assumed that manipulation of gravity automatically leads to a breakthrough for propulsion. In this study it is shown, that even if gravity could be hypothetically controlled along the manipulation schemes outlined, the gains in te...
The existing and in development devices at Basic Environmental Observatory (BEO) Moussala are presented, precisely the experiments connected with space weather and astroparticle studies. The recent results of the secondary cosmic ray measurements using atmospheric Cherenkov light telescope are presented precisely the ...
In this data report we discuss reprocessing of the Space Technology 5 (ST5) magnetometer database for inclusion in NASA's Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb) virtual observatory. The mission consisted of three spacecraft flying in elliptical orbits, from 27 March to 27 June 2006.
Our knowledge of the properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere is constrained by the relative lack of plasma observations between Sun and 1 AU. In this work, we present a comprehensive catalog of 47 CMEs measured in situ measurements by two or more radially aligned spacecraft (MESSENGER, Ven...
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered for expanding legacy terrestrial cellular networks. The end users may not be able to optimize satellite orbits and constellations, however, they can optimize locations of ground stations which aggregate terrestrial traffic and inter-connect with over-passing satell...
We present an improved method to compute the radiative momentum transfer in the Pioneer 10 & 11 spacecraft that takes into account both diffusive and specular reflection. The method allows for more reliable results regarding the thermal acceleration of the deep-space probes, confirming previous findings.
A method for asteroid deflection that makes use of a spacecraft moving back and forth on a segment of an appropriate Keplerian orbit about the asteroid is described and evaluated. It is shown that, on average, the spacecraft describing such a trajectory can exert a significantly larger force on the asteroid than e.g. ...
The magnetopause is a current sheet forming the boundary between the geomagnetic field on one side and the shocked solar wind on the other side. This paper discusses properties of the low-latitude dawn and dusk flanks of the magnetopause.
Hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell simulations are employed to investigate the role of kinetic effects in a two-dimensional turbulent multi-ion plasma, composed of protons, alpha particles and fluid electrons. In the typical conditions of the solar-wind environment, and in situations of decaying turbulence, the numerical results s...
Solar Orbiter was launched on February 10, 2020 with the purpose of investigating solar and heliospheric physics using a payload of instruments designed for both remote and in-situ sensing. Similar to the recently launched Parker Solar Probe, and unlike earlier missions, Solar Orbiter carries instruments designed to m...
A methodology based on point-like sources is discussed, enabling a reliable estimate of the acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes caused by thermal effects. A sensitivity analysis of the several parameters of the model allows for a clear indication of the possible thermal origin of the so-called Pioneer anomaly...
In this Letter, we provide constraints on the direction and magnitude of the pristine (i.e., unperturbed by the interaction with the Sun) local interstellar magnetic field. The constraints are based on analysis of the interstellar magnetic field components at the heliopause measured by magnetometer instruments on boar...
The paper describes differences in the intensity as a function of radial distance of anomalous and galactic cosmic rays in the N-S heliosheaths as observed by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft respectively. The anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) intensities above a few MeV in the N heliosheath reach a maximum at ~2009.5, about 1...
We show that the estimates of close encounter of this comet with Mars depend on data treatment. Using the data taken in the two-year period, we derived that the comet will miss Mars on 2014 October 19 at the distance of about $140\,150\pm 55$ km or $140\,300\pm 45$ km from its center, depending on the method of data p...
Data of six flybys, those of Galileo I, Galileo II, NEAR, Cassini, Rosetta and Messenger were reported by Anderson et al \citep{Anderson}. Four of them: Galileo I, NEAR, Rosetta and Messenger gain Newtonian energy during the flyby transfer, while Galileo II and Cassini lose energy.
This paper presents the initial stages in the development of a deep learning classifier for generalised Resident Space Object (RSO) characterisation that combines high-fidelity simulated light curves with transfer learning to improve the performance of object characterisation models that are trained on real data. The ...
A qualitative discussion is given of the role electron holes play in generating fine structure on the electron cyclotron maser radiation. It is argued that electron holes become deformed in phase space when interacting with an incomplete ring or horseshoe distribution which occurs in the presence of strong field align...
The expansion of hot electrons in flaring magnetic loops is crucial to understanding the dynamics of solar flares. In this paper we investigate, for the first time, the transport of hot electrons in a magnetic mirror field based on a 1-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation.
Aerodynamic collision avoidance manoeuvres provide an opportunity for satellites in Low Earth Orbits to reduce the risk during close encounters. With rising numbers of satellites and objects in orbit, satellites experience close encounters more frequently.
Accurate forecasting of the solar wind has grown in importance as society becomes increasingly dependent on technology that is susceptible to space weather events. This work describes an inner boundary condition for ambient solar wind models based on tomography maps of the coronal plasma density gained from coronagrap...
Global gradients for cosmic-ray (CR) protons in the heliosphere are computed with a comprehensive modulation model for the recent prolonged solar minimum of Cycle 23/24. Fortunately, the PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) and Ulysses/KET (Kiel Electron Telescope) instrumen...
Theoretical aspects of a solar sail material degradation are presented when the solar electromagnetic and corpuscular forms of radiation were considered as sources of degradation. The analysis of the interaction of two components of solar radiation, the electromagnetic radiation and radiation of low- and high-energy e...
Forbush decreases (FDs) are depletions in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) count rate that last typically for about a week and can be caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) or corotating interacting regions (CIRs). Fast CMEs that drive shocks cause large FDs that often show a two-step decrease where the first step is at...
In this paper, weak turbulence theory is used to investigate the nonlinear evolution of the parametric instability in 3D low-$\beta$ plasmas at wavelengths much greater than the ion inertial length under the assumption that slow magnetosonic waves are strongly damped. It is shown analytically that the parametric insta...
On 2020 April 19 a coronal mass ejection (CME) was detected in situ by Solar Orbiter at a heliocentric distance of about 0.8 AU. The CME was later observed in situ on April 20th by the Wind and BepiColombo spacecraft whilst BepiColombo was located very close to Earth.
Voyager 1 has entered regions of different propagation conditions for energetic cosmic rays in the outer heliosheath beginning at a distance of about 111 AU from the Sun. This conclusion is based on the fact that the low energy 6-14 MeV galactic electron intensity suddenly increased by ~20% over a time period \leg 10 ...
The interaction between the solar wind and a magnetosphere is fundamental to the dynamics of a planetary system. Here, we address fundamental questions on the large-scale magnetosheath flow around Saturn using a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation.
Small-scale interplanetary magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) are similar to ICMEs in magnetic structure, but are smaller and do not exhibit ICME plasma signatures. We present a computationally efficient and GPU-powered version of the single-spacecraft automated SMFR detection algorithm based on the Grad-Shafranov (GS) techn...
We derive a generalized linear dispersion relation of waves in a strongly magnetized, compressible, homogeneous and isotropic quasineutral plasma. Starting from a two fluid model, describing distinguishable electron and ion fluids, we obtain a six order linear dispersion relation of magnetized waves that contains effe...
In this study, we investigate trajectories involving multiple impulses within the framework of a generic spacecraft dynamics. Revisiting the age-old query of "How many impulses?
Context: The HELIOS solar observation probes provide unique data regarding their orbit and operation time. One of the onboard instruments, the Experiment 6 (E6), is capable of measuring ions from 4 to several hundred MeV/nuc.
We use 62 electron density profiles collected by the Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE), on MAVEN, when Mars was hit by CIRs and ICMEs close to aphelion (April 2021) and during two dust storms (June-July 2022) to examine the response of the Martian ionosphere to solar events and to solar events hitting during ...
We present a refined statistical analysis based on interplanetary coronal mass ejections as well as co-rotating interaction regions for the time period 2003-2015 to estimate the impact of different solar wind types on the geomagnetic activity and the neutral density in the Earth's thermosphere. For the time-based ...
Reconnection outflows are regions of intense recent scrutiny, from in situ observations and from simulations. These regions are host to a variety of instabilities and intense energy exchanges, often even superior to the main reconnection site.
The turbulent-like process associated with ionospheric instabilities, has been identified as the main nonlinear process that drives the irregularities observed in the different ionospheric regions. In this complementary study, as proposed in the first article of this two-paper series [Fornari et al., Adv. Space Res. 5...
We compare dependences between the storm development rate $\|Dst_{min}\|/\Delta T$ ($\Delta T$ is the durations of main phase) and the duration of recovery phase of magnetic storms generated by three various types of interplanetary drivers: (1, 2) compression regions CIR and Sheath, and (3) body of interplanetary CME (m...
We study how a high-speed solar wind stream embedded in a slow solar wind affects the transport and energy changes of solar energetic protons in interplanetary space, assuming different levels of cross-field diffusion. This is done using a particle transport model that computes directional particle intensities and fir...
Laboratory experiments provide a valuable complement to explore the fundamental physics of space plasmas without the limitations inherent to spacecraft measurements. Specifically, experiments overcome the restriction that spacecraft measurements are made at only one (or a few) points in space, enable greater control o...

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