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Categories of polymorphic lenses in computer science, and of open games in compositional game theory, have a curious structure that is reminiscent of compact closed categories, but differs in some crucial ways. Specifically they have a family of morphisms that behave like the counits of a compact closed category, but ...
Given a diagram of small categories $F : J \rightarrow \textbf{Cat}$, we provide a combinatorial description of its colimit in terms of the indexing category $J$ and the categories and functors in the diagram $F$. We introduce certain double categories of zig-zags in order to keep track of the necessary identification...
In this paper we investigate a categorical aspect of $n$-trivial extension of a ring by a family of modules. Namely, we introduce the right (resp., left) $n$-trivial extension of a category by a family of endofunctors.
The "linear dual" of a cocomplete linear category $\mathcal C$ is the category of all cocontinuous linear functors $\mathcal C \to \mathrm{Vect}$. We study the questions of when a cocomplete linear category is reflexive (equivalent to its double dual) or dualizable (the pairing with its dual comes with a corre...
We present the concept of interior operator $I$ on the category $\mathbf{Loc}$ of locales and then we construct a topological category \linebreak $\big(\mathbf{I\text{-}Loc},\ U\big)$, where $U:\mathbf{I\text{-}Loc}\rightarrow \mathbf{Loc}$ is a forgetful functor; and we also introduce the notion of $\mathfrak h$ opera...
In this paper we consider a construction in an arbitrary triangulated category T which resembles the notion of a Moore spectrum in algebraic topology. Namely, given a compact object C of T satisfying some finite tilting assumptions, we obtain a functor which "approximates" objects of the module category of the...
Quantitative algebras are algebras enriched in the category $\mathsf{Met}$ of metric spaces so that all operations are nonexpanding. Mardare, Plotkin and Panangaden introduced varieties (aka $1$-basic varieties) as classes of quantitative algebras presented by quantitative equations.
Building on our previous work on enriched universal algebra, we define a notion of enriched language consisting of function and relation symbols whose arities are objects of the base of enrichment. In this context, we construct atomic formulas and define the regular fragment of enriched logic by taking conjunctions an...
A concise guide to very basic bicategory theory, from the definition of a bicategory to the coherence theorem.
The cup product in the cohomology of algebras over quadratic operads has been studied in the general setting of Koszul duality for operads. We study the cup product on the cohomology of n-ary totally associative algebras with an operation of even (homological) degree.
The book formerly known as "This is the (co)end, my only (co)friend".
We consider certain categorical structures that are implicit in subfactor theory. Making the connection between subfactor theory (at finite index) and category theory explicit sheds light on both subjects.
Higher Dimensional Categories are showing relevant implications in several fields of mathematical research. Nevertheless basic algebraic tools, in order to further develop the theory, are far from being established.
The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a computational problem that includes a range of important problems in computer science. We point out that fundamental concepts of the CSP, such as the solution set of an instance and polymorphisms, can be formulated abstractly inside the 2-category PFinSet of finite sets a...
Actions of monoidal categories on categories, also known as actegories, have been familiar to category theorists for a long time, and yet a comprehensive overview of this topic seems to be missing from the literature. Recently, actegories have been increasingly employed in applied category theory, thereby encouraging ...
Hausdorff and Gromov distances are introduced and treated in the context of categories enriched over a commutative unital quantale V. The Hausdorff functor which, for every V-category X, provides the powerset of X with a suitable V-category structure, is part of a monad on V-Cat whose Eilenberg-Moore algebras are order...
A categorical point of view about minimization in subrecursive classes is presented by extending the concept of Symmetric Monoidal Comprehension to that of Distributive Minimization Comprehension. This is achieved by endowing the former with coproducts and a finality condition for coalgebras over the endofunctor sendi...
This paper introduces and studies a categorical analogue of the familiar monoid semiring construction. By introducing an axiomatisation of summation that unifies notions of summation from algebraic program semantics with various notions of summation from the theory of analysis, we demonstrate that the monoid semiring ...
Regular and exact categories were first introduced by Michael Barr in 1971; since then, the theory has developed and found many applications in algebra, geometry, and logic. In particular, a small regular category determines a certain theory, in the sense of logic, whose models are the regular functors into Set.
Paterson showed how to construct an etale groupoid from an inverse semigroup using ideas from functional analysis. This construction was later simplified by Lenz.
Birkhoff's variety theorem, a fundamental theorem of universal algebra, asserts that a subclass of a given algebra is definable by equations if and only if it satisfies specific closure properties. In a generalized version of this theorem, closure under filtered colimits is required.
We describe the group of braided tensor autoequivalences of the Drinfeld centre of a finite group $G$ isomorphic to the identity functor (just as a functor) as a semi-direct product $Aut^1_{br}(\Z(G))\ \simeq\ Out_{2-cl}(G)\ltimes B(G)\ $ of the group of double class preserving automorphisms and the Bogomolov multiplie...
Given a thick subcategory of a triangulated category, we define a colocalisation and a natural long exact sequence that involves the original category and its localisation and colocalisation at the subcategory. Similarly, we construct a natural long exact sequence containing the canonical map between a homological fun...
A well-known result of SGA4 shows how to compute the pseudo-colimit of a category-valued pseudo-functor on a 1-category. The main result of this paper gives a generalization of this computation by constructing the weighted pseudo-colimit of a category-valued pseudo-functor on a 2-category.
We define the concept of a regular object with respect to another object in an arbitrary category. We present basic properties of regular objects and we study this concept in the special cases of abelian categories and locally finitely generated Grothendieck categories.
This work introduces a general theory of universal pseudomorphisms and develops their connection to diagrammatic coherence. The main results give hypotheses under which pseudomorphism coherence is equivalent to the coherence theory of strict algebras.
The introduction of the categorical notion of closure operators has unified various important notions and has led to interesting examples and applications in diverse areas of mathematics (see for example, Dikranjan and Tholen (\cite{DT})). For a topological space it is well-known that the associated closure and interi...
This paper presents the Sierpinski Gasket ($\mathbb{S}$) as a final coalgebra obtained by Cauchy completing the initial algebra for an endofunctor on the category of tri-pointed one bounded metric spaces with continuous maps. It has been previously observed that $\mathbb{S}$ is bi-Lipschitz equivalent to the coalgebra...
This short introductory category theory textbook is for readers with relatively little mathematical background (e.g. the first half of an undergraduate mathematics degree). At its heart is the concept of a universal property, important throughout mathematics.
We explain how categories, and groupoids, can be seen as models for a Lawvere ${\mathfrak Gr}$-theory, where ${\mathfrak Gr}$ is the category of graphs, and show that for Lawvere ${\mathfrak Gr}$-theories finitely presentable models are finitely presentable objects.
We survey some basic mathematical structures, which arguably are more primitive than the structures taught at school. These structures are orders, with or without composition, and (symmetric) monoidal categories.
In this paper we define 3-crossed modules for commutative (Lie) algebras and investigate the relation between this construction and the simplicial algebras. Also we define the projective 3-crossed resolution for investigate a higher dimensional homological information and show the existence of this resolution for an a...
Locality is implemented in an arbitrary category using Grothendieck topologies. We explore how different Grothendieck topologies on one category can be related, and, more general, how functors between categories can preserve them.
We are studying properties of the name appointment in various categories of enriched graphs. The Yoneda lemma is generalized for continuous transforms between transports of enriched original graphs.
We investigate the problem of characterizing the classes of Grothendieck toposes whose internal logic satisfies a given assertion in the theory of Heyting algebras, and introduce natural analogues of the double negation and De Morgan topologies on an elementary topos for a wide class of intermediate logics.
We show that the fibrant objects in the minimal model structure on the category of simplicial sets are characterized by a lifting condition with respect to maps which resemble the horn inclusions that define Kan complexes.
The purpose of this work is twofold: to expose the existing similarities between the generalizations of the Tannaka and Galois theories, and on the other hand, to develop in detail our own treatment of part of the content of Joyal and Street [1] paper, generalizing from vector spaces to an abstract tensor category. We...
Small Bénabou's bicategories and, in particular, Mac Lane's monoidal categories, have well-understood classifying spaces, which give geometric meaning to their cells. This paper contains some contributions to the study of the relationship between bicategories and the homotopy types of their classifying spaces....
We establish conditions giving the existence of bipullbacks in bicategories of fractions. We apply our results to construct a $\pi_0$-$\pi_1$ exact sequence associated with a fractor between groupoids internal to a pointed exact category.
Processes are often viewed as coalgebras, with the structure maps specifying the state transitions. In the simplest case, the state spaces are discrete, and the structure map simply takes each state to the next states.
In this paper we study multiplicative structures on comodules over bialgebras in the setting of $\infty$-categories. We show that the $\infty$-category of comodules over an $(\mathcal{O},\mathbf{Ass})$-bialgebra in a mixed $(\mathcal{O},\mathbf{Ass})$-duoidal $\infty$-category has the structure of an $\mathcal{O}$-mon...
We develop the theory of limits and colimits in $\infty$-categories within the synthetic framework of simplicial Homotopy Type Theory developed by Riehl and Shulman. We also show that in this setting, the limit of a family of spaces can be computed as a dependent product.
We establish an algebra-isomorphism between the complexified Grothendieck ring F of certain bimodule categories over a modular tensor category and the endomorphism algebra of appropriate morphism spaces of those bimodule categories. This provides a purely categorical proof of a conjecture by Ostrik concerning the stru...
We study several structure aspects of functor categories from a small additive category to a module category, in particular the category F(A,K) of functors from finitely generated free modules over a commutative ring A to vector spaces over a field K -- such functors are sometimes called \textit{generic representations...
We investigate algebraic and compositional properties of abstract multiway rewriting systems, which are archetypical structures underlying the formalism of the Wolfram model. We demonstrate the existence of higher homotopies in this class of rewriting systems, where homotopical maps are induced by the inclusion of app...
We generalize the concept of Sato Grassmannians of locally linearly compact topological vector spaces (Tate spaces) to the category limA of the "locally compact objects" of an exact category A, and study some of their properties. This allows us to generalize the Kapranov dimensional torsor Dim(X) and determina...
In this short note it is shown that the category of neighborhood spaces is not cartesian closed.
We make precise the analogy between Goodwillie's calculus of functors in homotopy theory and the differential calculus of smooth manifolds by introducing a higher-categorical framework of which both theories are examples. That framework is an extension to infinity-categories of the tangent categories of Cockett an...
For finitary regular monads T on locally finitely presentable categories we characterize the finitely presentable objects in the category of T-algebras in the style known from general algebra: they are precisely the algebras presentable by finitely many generators and finitely many relations.
For each pair of simplicial sets $A$ and $B$, the category $\mathbf{Cyl}(A,B)$ of cylinders (also called correspondences) from $A$ to $B$ admits a model structure induced from Joyal's model structure for quasi-categories. In this paper, we prove Joyal's conjecture that a cylinder $X \in \mathbf{Cyl}(A,B)$ is f...
We describe three transfer functors P, P', P" of an inverse exact category which arise from three transfer functions. We concentrate on some of the basic results which emerge from the theory of projections in inverse exact categories.
Gluing of two pseudo functors has been studied by Deligne, Ayoub, and others in the construction of extraordinary direct image functors in étale cohomology, stable homotopy, and mixed motives of schemes. In this article, we study more generally the gluing of finitely many pseudo functors.
Dynamic programming is a class of algorithms used to compute optimal control policies for Markov decision processes. Dynamic programming is ubiquitous in control theory, and is also the foundation of reinforcement learning.
We study t-structures generated by sets of objects which satisfy a condition weaker than the compactness. We also study weight structures cogenerated by sets of objects satisfying the dual condition.
In this paper we construct two groupoids from morphisms of groupoids, with one from a categorical viewpoint and the other from a geometric viewpoint. We show that for each pair of groupoids, the two kinds of groupoids of morphisms are equivalent.
Evidence is given for the correctness of the Joyal-Riehl-Verity construction of the homotopy bicategory of the $(\infty, 2)$-category of $(\infty, 1)$-categories; in particular, it is shown that the analogous construction using complete Segal spaces instead of quasicategories yields a bicategorically equivalent 2-categ...
We explore the relationship between polynomial functors and (rooted) trees. In the first part we use polynomial functors to derive a new convenient formalism for trees, and obtain a natural and conceptual construction of the category $\Omega$ of Moerdijk and Weiss; its main properties are described in terms of some fa...
For any topological bicategory B, the Duskin nerve NB of B is a simplicial space. We introduce the classifying topos BB of B as the Deligne topos of sheaves Sh(NB) on the simplicial space NB.
We show that the homotopy category of complexes K(B) over any finitely accessible additive category B is locally well generated. That is, any localizing subcategory L in K(B) which is generated by a set is well generated in the sense of Neeman.
The famous biologist Robert Rosen argued for an intrinsic difference between biological and artificial life, supporting the claim that `living systems are not mechanisms'. This result, understood as the claim that life-like mechanisms are non-computable, can be phrased as the non-existence of an equivalence betwee...
A convexity space is a set X with a chosen family of subsets (called convex subsets) that is closed under arbitrary intersections and directed unions. There is a lot of interest in spaces that have both a convexity space and a topological space structure.
We investigate $\mathrm{LMod}_{R}(\mathcal{V})$-enriched $\infty$-categories, where $R$ is an $\mathbb{E}_2$-ring in a presentable $\mathbb{E}_2$-monoidal $\infty$-category $\mathcal{V}$, using $\mathcal{V}$-enriched $\infty$-category theory. We prove the equivalence of $\mathcal{C}at_{\infty}^{\mathrm{LMod}_{R}(\math...
We use Lurie's symmetric monoidal envelope functor to give two new descriptions of $\infty$-operads: as certain symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categories whose underlying symmetric monoidal $\infty$-groupoids are free, and as certain symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categories equipped with a symmetric monoidal functor to ...
Building on previous work, we study the splitting of idempotents in the category of extensions $\mathbb{E}\operatorname{-Ext}(\mathcal{C})$ associated to a pair $(\mathcal{C},\mathbb{E})$ of an additive category and a biadditive functor to the category of abelian groups. In particular, we show that idempotents split i...
We introduce the notion of decomposition space as a general framework for incidence algebras and Möbius inversion: it is a simplicial infinity-groupoid satisfying an exactness condition weaker than the Segal condition, which expresses decomposition. We work on the objective level of homotopy linear algebra with coeffi...
We reconsider a classical theorem by Bican and El Bashir, which guarantees the existence of non-trivial relatively pure submodules in a module category over a ring with unit. Our aim is to generalize the theorem to module categories over rings with several objects.
The aim of this paper is to provide an expansion to Abe-Nakaoka's heart construction of the following two different realizations of the module category over the endomorphism ring of a rigid object in a triangulated category: Buan-Marsh's localization and Iyama-Yoshino's subfactor. Our method depends on a m...
A concrete computation -- twelve slidings with sixteen tiles -- reveals that certain commutativity phenomena occur in every double semigroup. This can be seen as a sort of Eckmann-Hilton argument, but it does not use units.
In this paper we give an algorithmic description of Freyd categories that subsumes and enhances the usual approach to finitely presented modules in computer algebra. The upshot is a constructive approach to finitely presented functors that only relies on a few basic algorithms.
We explain how, in the context of a semi-abelian category, the concept of an internal crossed square may be used to set up an intrinsic approach to the Brown-Loday non-abelian tensor product.
We investigate when the categories of all rational $A$-modules and of finite dimensional rational modules are closed under extensions inside the category of $C^$-modules, where $C^$ is the cofinite topological completion of $A$. We give a complete characterization of these two properties, in terms of a topological a...
To characterize categorical constraints - associativity, commutativity and monoidality - in the context of quasimonoidal categories, from a cohomological point of view, we define the notion of a parity (quasi)complex. <br>Applied to groups gives non-abelian cohomology.
The category of (colored) props is an enhancement of the category of colored operads, and thus of the category of small categories. The titular category has nice formal properties: it is bicomplete and is a symmetric monoidal category, with monoidal product closely related to the Boardman-Vogt tensor product of operad...
The goal of this paper is to address the problem of building a path object for the category of Grothendieck (weak) $\infty$-groupoids. This is the missing piece for a proof of Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis.
We describe a $\C$-linear additive *-autonomous category of Banach spaces. Please note that a correction has been appended to the original version 1 which is maintained here for reference.
The goal of this article is to develop the theory of presentable categories and topoi internal to an arbitrary $\infty$-topos $\mathcal{B}$. Our main results are internal analogues of Lurie's and Lurie-Simpson's characterisations of presentable $\infty$-categories and $\infty$-topoi.
In previous work, we introduce an axiomatic framework within which to prove theorems about many varieties of infinite-dimensional categories simultaneously. In this paper, we establish criteria implying that an $\infty$-category - for instance, a quasi-category, a complete Segal space, or a Segal category - is complet...
Solid abelian groups, as introduced by Dustin Clausen and Peter Scholze, form a subcategory of all condensed abelian groups satisfying some ''completeness'' conditions and having favourable categorical properties. Given a profinite ring $R$, there is an associated condensed ring $\underline{R}$ which i...
Many definitions of weak n-category have been proposed. It has been widely observed that each of these definitions is of one of two types: algebraic definitions, in which composites and coherence cells are explicitly specified, and non-algebraic definitions, in which a coherent choice of composites and constraint cell...
We study a weight-exact localization pi of a well generated triangulated category C along with the embedding of the hearts of adjacent t-structures coming from the functor right adjoint to pi. We prove that the functors relating the corresponding four hearts are completely determined by the heart Hw of the weight stru...
We study the subgroup $\mathcal{E}xt^i_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{F}; C, D)$ of $\mathcal{E}xt^i_{\mathcal{C}}(C,D)$ formed by those $i$-extensions of $C$ by $D$ in an Abelian category $\mathcal{C}$ which are ${\rm Hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{F},-)$-exact, and present a Baer-like description of this subgroup in terms of ce...
Let $A$ be a regular category with pushouts of regular epimorphisms by regular epimorphism and $Reg(A)$ the category of regular epimorphisms in $A$. We prove that every regular epimorphism in $Reg(A)$ is an effective descent morphism if, and only if, $Reg(A)$ is a regular category.
Let $A$ be a $1$-algebra. The Kontsevich Swiss Cheese conjecture [K2] states that the homotopy category $\mathrm{Ho}(\mathrm{Act}(A))$ of actions of $2$-algebras on $A$ has a final object and that this object is weakly equivalent to the pair $(\mathrm{Hoch}(A), A),$ where $\mathrm{Hoch}(A)$ is the Hochschild complex o...
We give an introduction to the concept of Kan extensions, and study its relation with the notions of coend and adjoint functors. We state and prove in detail a well known formula to compute Kan extensions by using coends: a certain colimit related to the concept of copower.
We construct a central extension of the group of automorphisms of a 2-Tate vector space viewed as a discrete 2-group. This is done using an action of this 2-group on a 2-gerbe of gerbel theories.
For a braided tensor category C and a subcategory K there is a notion of centralizer C_C(K), which is a full tensor subcategory of C. A pre-modular tensor category is known to be modular in the sense of Turaev iff the center Z_2(C):=C_C(C) (not to be confused with the center Z_1 of a tensor category, related to the qua...
Past work shows that one can associate a notion of Shannon entropy to a Dirichlet polynomial, regarded as an empirical distribution. Indeed, entropy can be extracted from any d:Dir by a two-step process, where the first step is a rig homomorphism out of Dir, the set of Dirichlet polynomials, with rig structure given...
A popular graphical calculus for monoidal categories makes computations tactile and intuitive. Complicated diagram chases can be expressed in a few pictures and discovered by playing with a shoelace.
We study $\omega$-weak equivalences between weak $\omega$-categories in the sense of Batanin-Leinster. Our $\omega$-weak equivalences are strict $\omega$-functors satisfying essential surjectivity in every dimension, and when restricted to those between strict $\omega$-categories, they coincide with the weak equivalen...
Coalgebras for an endofunctor provide a category-theoretic framework for modeling a wide range of state-based systems of various types. We provide an iterative construction of the reachable part of a given pointed coalgebra that is inspired by and resembles the standard breadth-first search procedure to compute the re...
Let $(\mathcal{T}',\mathcal{T},\mathcal{T}'')$ be a recollement of triangulated categories. Two complete ideal cotorsion pairs in $\mathcal{T}'$ and $\mathcal{T}''$ can be induced by a complete ideal cotorsion pair in $\mathcal{T}$.
We characterise regular Goursat categories through a specific stability property of regular epimorphisms with respect to pullbacks. Under the assumption of the existence of some pushouts this property can be also expressed as a restricted Beck-Chevalley condition, with respect to the fibration of points, for a special...
We give an algebraic presentation of directed acyclic graph structure, introducing a symmetric monoidal equational theory whose free PROP we characterise as that of finite abstract dags with input/output interfaces. Our development provides an initial-algebra semantics for dag structure.
We show that any directed colimit of acessible categories and accessible full embeddings is accessible and, assuming the existence of arbitrarily large strongly compact cardinals, any directed colimit of acessible categories and accessible embeddings is accessible.
We define a notion on preadditive categories which plays a role similar to the notion of a Grothendieck pretopology on an unenriched category. Each such additive pretopology defines an additive Grothendieck topology and suffices to define the sheaf category.
Let $\mathbb{A}$ be a $2$-category with suitable opcomma objects and pushouts. We give a direct proof that, provided that the codensity monad of a morphism $p$ exists and is preserved by a suitable morphism, the factorization given by the lax descent object of the higher cokernel of $p$ is up to isomorphism the same a...
We will give a detailed account of why the simplicial sets model of the univalence axiom due to Voevodsky also models W-types. In addition, we will discuss W-types in categories of simplicial presheaves and an application to models of set theory.
We develop a general theory of (extended) inner autoequivalences of objects of any 2-category, generalizing the theory of isotropy groups to the 2-categorical setting. We show how dense subcategories let one compute isotropy in the presence of binary coproducts, unifying various known one-dimensional results and provi...
This paper mainly studies the relative Gorenstein objects in the extriangulated category $\mathcal{C}=(\mathcal{C},\mathbb{E},\mathfrak{s})$ with a proper class $\xi$ and the related properties of these objects. <br>In the first part, we define the notion of the $\xi$-$\mathcal{G}$projective resolution, and study the ...
We present a survey of characterisations of cocartesian categories in terms of monoidal categories - and, more generally, magmal categories - satisfying additional properties. In particular, we show that the following are equivalent for a unital magmal category $(\mathcal M, \otimes)$, sharpening several classical cha...

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