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To tackle the prevalence of pseudo changes, the scarcity of labeled samples, and the difficulty of cross-domain generalization in multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing imagery, we propose PeftCD, a change detection framework built upon Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)... |
This report describes Badgers@UW-Madison, our submission to the Ego4D Natural Language Queries (NLQ) Challenge. Our solution inherits the point-based event representation from our prior work on temporal action localization, and develops a Transformer-based model for video grounding. |
Superpixel segmentation is becoming ubiquitous in computer vision. In practice, an object can either be represented by a number of segments in finer levels of detail or included in a surrounding region at coarser levels of detail, and thus a superpixel segmentation hierarchy is useful for applications that require dif... |
Self-supervised learning through masked autoencoders has attracted great attention for remote sensing (RS) foundation model (FM) development, enabling improved representation learning across diverse sensors and downstream tasks. However, existing RS FMs often either suffer from substantial computational complexity dur... |
In this paper we propose a generic recursive algorithm for improving image denoising methods. Given the initial denoised image, we suggest repeating the following "SOS" procedure: |
We introduce a deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture to classify facial attributes and recognize face images simultaneously via a shared learning paradigm to improve the accuracy for facial attribute prediction and face recognition performance. In this method, we use facial attributes as an auxiliary s... |
The architecture of transformers, which recently witness booming applications in vision tasks, has pivoted against the widespread convolutional paradigm. Relying on the tokenization process that splits inputs into multiple tokens, transformers are capable of extracting their pairwise relationships using self-attention... |
Pretrained models have become a commodity and offer strong results on a broad range of tasks. In this work, we focus on classification and seek to learn a unique encoder able to take from several complementary pretrained models. |
Network binarization exhibits great potential for deployment on resource-constrained devices due to its low computational cost. Despite the critical importance, the security of binarized neural networks (BNNs) is rarely investigated. |
A convolutional layer in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) consists of many filters which apply convolution operation to the input, capture some special patterns and pass the result to the next layer. If the same patterns also occur at the deeper layers of the network, why wouldn't the same convolutional filter... |
While models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) have steadily improved over the years, interacting with one quickly reveals that these models lack consistency. For instance, if a model answers "red" to "What color is the balloon? |
After the 2017 TuSimple Lane Detection Challenge, its dataset and evaluation based on accuracy and F1 score have become the de facto standard to measure the performance of lane detection methods. While they have played a major role in improving the performance of lane detection methods, the validity of this evaluation... |
Neural decoding, the process of understanding how brain activity corresponds to different stimuli, has been a primary objective in cognitive sciences. Over the past three decades, advancements in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and machine learning have greatly improved our ability to map visual stimuli to brain... |
We present a snapshot imaging technique for recovering 3D surrounding views of miniature scenes. Due to their intricacy, miniature scenes with objects sized in millimeters are difficult to reconstruct, yet miniatures are common in life and their 3D digitalization is desirable. |
Large-scale datasets have driven the rapid development of deep neural networks for visual recognition. However, annotating a massive dataset is expensive and time-consuming. |
Self-supervised and language-supervised image models contain rich knowledge of the world that is important for generalization. Many robotic tasks, however, require a detailed understanding of 3D geometry, which is often lacking in 2D image features. |
Current methods for learning realistic and animatable 3D clothed avatars need either posed 3D scans or 2D images with carefully controlled user poses. In contrast, our goal is to learn an avatar from only 2D images of people in unconstrained poses. |
\noindent Traditional L_p norm-restricted image attack algorithms suffer from poor transferability to black box scenarios and poor robustness to defense algorithms. Recent CNN generator-based attack approaches can synthesize unrestricted and semantically meaningful entities to the image, which is shown to be transfera... |
Rendering articulated objects while controlling their poses is critical to applications such as virtual reality or animation for movies. Manipulating the pose of an object, however, requires the understanding of its underlying structure, that is, its joints and how they interact with each other. |
Deep learning algorithms have pushed the boundaries of computer vision research and have depicted commendable performance in a variety of applications. However, training a robust deep neural network necessitates a large amount of labeled training data, acquiring which involves significant time and human effort. |
Boundary discontinuity and its inconsistency to the final detection metric have been the bottleneck for rotating detection regression loss design. In this paper, we propose a novel regression loss based on Gaussian Wasserstein distance as a fundamental approach to solve the problem. |
Vision transformers have achieved remarkable success in computer vision tasks by using multi-head self-attention modules to capture long-range dependencies within images. However, the high inference computation cost poses a new challenge. |
For more than two decades, research has been performed on content-based image retrieval (CBIR). By combining Radon projections and the support vector machines (SVM), a content-based medical image retrieval method is presented in this work. |
Underwater images suffer from colour shifts, low contrast, and haziness due to light absorption, refraction, scattering and restoring these images has warranted much attention. In this work, we present Unsupervised Underwater Neural Radiance Field U2NeRF, a transformer-based architecture that learns to render and rest... |
This paper proposes a new approach, Flat2Layout, for estimating general indoor room layout from a single-view RGB image whereas existing methods can only produce layout topologies captured from the box-shaped room. The proposed flat representation encodes the layout information into row vectors which are treated as th... |
Previous object detectors make predictions based on dense grid points or numerous preset anchors. Most of these detectors are trained with one-to-many label assignment strategies. |
Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims at achieving object localization based on natural language descriptions. However, existing REC approaches are constrained by object category descriptions and single-attribute intention descriptions, hindering their application in real-world scenarios. |
Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation (DGSS) aims to improve the generalization ability of models across unseen domains without access to target data during training. Recent advances in DGSS have increasingly exploited vision foundation models (VFMs) via parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategies. |
In many legal processes being able to action on the concrete implication of a legal question can be valuable to automating human review or signalling certain conditions (e.g., alerts around automatic renewal). To support such tasks, we present a form of legal question answering that seeks to return one (or more) fixed... |
Detection of hyperenhancement from cardiac LGE MRI images is a complex task requiring significant clinical expertise. Although deep learning-based models have shown promising results for the task, they require large amounts of data with fine-grained annotations. |
Virtual try-on attracts increasing research attention as a promising way for enhancing the user experience for online cloth shopping. Though existing methods can generate impressive results, users need to provide a well-designed reference image containing the target fashion clothes that often do not exist. |
In this paper, a novel image enhancement network is proposed, where HDR images are used for generating training data for our network. Most of conventional image enhancement methods, including Retinex based methods, do not take into account restoring lost pixel values caused by clipping and quantizing. |
We present a simple and effective learning technique that significantly improves mAP of YOLO object detectors without compromising their speed. During network training, we carefully feed in localization information. |
A handful of visual foundation models (VFMs) have recently emerged as the backbones for numerous downstream tasks. VFMs like CLIP, DINOv2, SAM are trained with distinct objectives, exhibiting unique characteristics for various downstream tasks. |
The recognition and classification of the diversity of materials that exist in the environment around us are a key visual competence that computer vision systems focus on in recent years. Understanding the identification of materials in distinct images involves a deep process that has made usage of the recent progress... |
Adversarial phenomenon has been widely observed in machine learning (ML) systems, especially in those using deep neural networks, describing that ML systems may produce inconsistent and incomprehensible predictions with humans at some particular cases. This phenomenon poses a serious security threat to the practical a... |
Backdoor attacks inject poisoned samples into the training data, resulting in the misclassification of the poisoned input during a model's deployment. Defending against such attacks is challenging, especially for real-world black-box models where only query access is permitted. |
In this paper, we propose MOTRv2, a simple yet effective pipeline to bootstrap end-to-end multi-object tracking with a pretrained object detector. Existing end-to-end methods, MOTR and TrackFormer are inferior to their tracking-by-detection counterparts mainly due to their poor detection performance. |
Scene understanding requires the extraction and representation of scene components together with their properties and inter-relations. We describe a model in which meaningful scene structures are extracted from the image by an iterative process, combining bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) networks, interacting through ... |
Nuclei segmentation is one of the important tasks for whole slide image analysis in digital pathology. With the drastic advance of deep learning, recent deep networks have demonstrated successful performance of the nuclei segmentation task. |
Computer vision datasets frequently contain spurious correlations between task-relevant labels and (easy to learn) latent task-irrelevant attributes (e.g. context). Models trained on such datasets learn "shortcuts" and underperform on bias-conflicting slices of data where the correlation does not hold. |
Recently, the hybrid convolutional neural network hidden Markov model (CNN-HMM) has been introduced for offline handwritten Chinese text recognition (HCTR) and has achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, modeling each of the large vocabulary of Chinese characters with a uniform and fixed number of hidden state... |
We propose a way to train deep learning based keypoint descriptors that makes them approximately equivariant for locally affine transformations of the image plane. The main idea is to use the representation theory of GL(2) to generalize the recently introduced concept of steerers from rotations to affine transformatio... |
In this paper, we aim to model 3D scene geometry, appearance, and physical information just from dynamic multi-view videos in the absence of any human labels. By leveraging physics-informed losses as soft constraints or integrating simple physics models into neural nets, existing works often fail to learn complex moti... |
Semi-supervised video object segmentation is a fundamental yet Challenging task in computer vision. Embedding matching based CFBI series networks have achieved promising results by foreground-background integration approach. |
Image classification is one of the most fundamental capabilities of machine vision intelligence. In this work, we revisit the image classification task using visually-grounded language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4V and LLaVA. |
Ki67 is a significant biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, whose index can be evaluated by quantifying its expression in Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained images. However, quantitative analysis on multi-source Ki67 images is yet a challenging task in practice due to cross-domain distribution diffe... |
In this paper, we introduce SalsaNext for the uncertainty-aware semantic segmentation of a full 3D LiDAR point cloud in real-time. SalsaNext is the next version of SalsaNet [1] which has an encoder-decoder architecture where the encoder unit has a set of ResNet blocks and the decoder part combines upsampled features f... |
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are typically over-parameterized, bringing considerable computational overhead and memory footprint in inference. Pruning a proportion of unimportant filters is an efficient way to mitigate the inference cost. |
Establishing semantic correspondence is a challenging task in computer vision, aiming to match keypoints with the same semantic information across different images. Benefiting from the rapid development of deep learning, remarkable progress has been made over the past decade. |
When fonts are used on documents, they are intentionally selected by designers. For example, when designing a book cover, the typography of the text is an important factor in the overall feel of the book. |
Translating face sketches to photo-realistic faces is an interesting and essential task in many applications like law enforcement and the digital entertainment industry. One of the most important challenges of this task is the inherent differences between the sketch and the real image such as the lack of color and det... |
This report presents our team's solutions for the Track 1 of the 2024 ECCV ROAD++ Challenge. The task of Track 1 is spatiotemporal agent detection, which aims to construct an "agent tube" for road agents in consecutive video frames. |
Learning-based image dehazing algorithms have shown remarkable success in synthetic domains. However, real image dehazing is still in suspense due to computational resource constraints and the diversity of real-world scenes. |
Video Wire Inpainting (VWI) is a prominent application in video inpainting, aimed at flawlessly removing wires in films or TV series, offering significant time and labor savings compared to manual frame-by-frame removal. However, wire removal poses greater challenges due to the wires being longer and slimmer than obje... |
Recent breakthroughs in text-guided image generation have led to remarkable progress in the field of 3D synthesis from text. By optimizing neural radiance fields (NeRF) directly from text, recent methods are able to produce remarkable results. |
Research on Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) towards the multi-image cross-modal instruction has received increasing attention and made significant progress, particularly in scenarios involving closely resembling images (e.g., change captioning). Existing MLLMs typically follow a two-step process in their pip... |
Biometric authentication systems are crucial for security, but developing them involves various complexities, including privacy, security, and achieving high accuracy without directly storing pure biometric data in storage. We introduce an innovative image distortion technique that makes facial images unrecognizable t... |
In human parsing, the pixel-wise classification loss has drawbacks in its low-level local inconsistency and high-level semantic inconsistency. The introduction of the adversarial network tackles the two problems using a single discriminator. |
This paper performs the first investigation into depth for large-scale human action recognition in video where the depth cues are estimated from the videos themselves. We develop a new framework called depth2action and experiment thoroughly into how best to incorporate the depth information. |
Neural networks with high performance can still be biased towards non-relevant features. However, reliability and robustness is especially important for high-risk fields such as clinical pain treatment. |
Video temporal grounding is a critical video understanding task, which aims to localize moments relevant to a language description. The challenge of this task lies in distinguishing relevant and irrelevant moments. |
Due to the rarity of anomalous events, video anomaly detection is typically approached as one-class classification (OCC) problem. Typically in OCC, an autoencoder (AE) is trained to reconstruct the normal only training data with the expectation that, in test time, it can poorly reconstruct the anomalous data. |
Person Re-Identification (re-ID) aims at retrieving images of the same person taken by different cameras. A challenge for re-ID is the performance preservation when a model is used on data of interest (target data) which belong to a different domain from the training data domain (source data). |
Object placement aims to place a foreground object over a background image with a suitable location and size. In this work, we treat object placement as a graph completion problem and propose a novel graph completion module (GCM). |
Video understanding models often struggle with high computational requirements, extensive parameter counts, and slow inference speed, making them inefficient for practical use. To tackle these challenges, we propose Mobile-VideoGPT, an efficient multimodal framework designed to operate with fewer than a billion parame... |
Accurate segmentation of polyps from colonoscopy videos is of great significance to polyp treatment and early prevention of colorectal cancer. However, it is challenging due to the difficulties associated with modelling long-range spatio-temporal relationships within a colonoscopy video. |
Historical maps are valuable for studying changes to the Earth's surface. With the rise of deep learning, models like UNet have been used to extract information from these maps through semantic segmentation. |
Research in auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech recognition (ASR, VSR, and AVSR, respectively) has traditionally been conducted independently. Even recent self-supervised studies addressing two or all three tasks simultaneously tend to yield separate models, leading to disjoint inference pipelines with increased ... |
Domain shift is a major challenge for object detectors to generalize well to real world applications. Emerging techniques of domain adaptation for two-stage detectors help to tackle this problem. |
Transformer has achieved satisfactory results in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, existing Transformer models face two key challenges when dealing with HSI scenes characterized by diverse land cover types and rich spectral information: (1) A fixed receptive field overlooks the effective ... |
Understanding driving situations regardless the conditions of the traffic scene is a cornerstone on the path towards autonomous vehicles; however, despite common sensor setups already include complementary devices such as LiDAR or radar, most of the research on perception systems has traditionally focused on computer v... |
Discovering visual knowledge from weakly labeled data is crucial to scale up computer vision recognition system, since it is expensive to obtain fully labeled data for a large number of concept categories. In this paper, we propose ConceptLearner, which is a scalable approach to discover visual concepts from weakly la... |
Conditional image-to-video (cI2V) generation aims to synthesize a new plausible video starting from an image (e.g., a person's face) and a condition (e.g., an action class label like smile). The key challenge of the cI2V task lies in the simultaneous generation of realistic spatial appearance and temporal dynamics... |
Vision-language models, such as CLIP, have shown impressive generalization capacities when using appropriate text descriptions. While optimizing prompts on downstream labeled data has proven effective in improving performance, these methods entail labor costs for annotations and are limited by their quality. |
Echocardiography is essential to modern cardiology. However, human interpretation limits high throughput analysis, limiting echocardiography from reaching its full clinical and research potential for precision medicine. |
Significant progress has been made recently in developing few-shot object segmentation methods. Learning is shown to be successful in few-shot segmentation settings, using pixel-level, scribbles and bounding box supervision. |
Adversarial training is the industry standard for producing models that are robust to small adversarial perturbations. However, machine learning practitioners need models that are robust to other kinds of changes that occur naturally, such as changes in the style or illumination of input images. |
In this work, we propose proLab: a new colour coordinate system derived as a 3D projective transformation of CIE XYZ. We show that proLab is far ahead of the widely used CIELAB coordinate system (though inferior to the modern CAM16-UCS) according to perceptual uniformity evaluated by the STRESS metric in reference to ... |
We developed a minimum-cost circulation framework for solving the global data association problem, which plays a key role in the tracking-by-detection paradigm of multi-object tracking. The global data association problem was extensively studied under the minimum-cost flow framework, which is theoretically attractive ... |
In online multi-target tracking, modeling of appearance and geometric similarities between pedestrians visual scenes is of great importance. The higher dimension of inherent information in the appearance model compared to the geometric model is problematic in many ways. |
This paper introduces single-image geometric and appearance reconstruction from water reflection photography, i.e., images capturing direct and water-reflected real-world scenes. Water reflection offers an additional viewpoint to the direct sight, collectively forming a stereo pair. |
Variational AutoEncoders (VAE) employ deep learning models to learn a continuous latent z-space that is subjacent to a high-dimensional observed dataset. With that, many tasks are made possible, including face reconstruction and face synthesis. |
Image Compression for Machines (ICM) aims to compress images for machine vision tasks rather than human viewing. Current works predominantly concentrate on high-level tasks like object detection and semantic segmentation. |
We introduce ArtBench-10, the first class-balanced, high-quality, cleanly annotated, and standardized dataset for benchmarking artwork generation. It comprises 60,000 images of artwork from 10 distinctive artistic styles, with 5,000 training images and 1,000 testing images per style. |
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are susceptible to elaborately designed perturbations, whether such perturbations are dependent or independent of images. The latter one, called Universal Adversarial Perturbation (UAP), is very attractive for model robustness analysis, since its independence of input reveals the intrinsic ... |
A novel 4K video frame interpolator based on bilateral transformer (BiFormer) is proposed in this paper, which performs three steps: global motion estimation, local motion refinement, and frame synthesis. First, in global motion estimation, we predict symmetric bilateral motion fields at a coarse scale. |
The rapid development of image generation and editing algorithms in recent years has enabled ordinary user to produce realistic images. However, the current AI painting ecosystem predominantly relies on text-driven diffusion models (T2I), which pose challenges in accurately capturing user requirements. |
Diffusion models have recently achieved astonishing performance in generating high-fidelity photo-realistic images. Given their huge success, it is still unclear whether synthetic images are applicable for knowledge distillation when real images are unavailable. |
Training vision transformer networks on small datasets poses challenges. In contrast, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance by leveraging their architectural inductive bias. |
Convolution and self-attention are two powerful techniques for representation learning, and they are usually considered as two peer approaches that are distinct from each other. In this paper, we show that there exists a strong underlying relation between them, in the sense that the bulk of computations of these two p... |
Development of computing power and cheap video cameras enabled today's traffic management systems to include more cameras and computer vision applications for transportation system monitoring and control. Combined with image processing algorithms cameras are used as sensors to measure road traffic parameters like ... |
In the advent of wearable body-cameras, human activity classification from First-Person Videos (FPV) has become a topic of increasing importance for various applications, including in life-logging, law-enforcement, sports, workplace, and healthcare. One of the challenging aspects of FPV is its exposure to potentially ... |
Brain extraction and registration are important preprocessing steps in neuroimaging data analysis, where the goal is to extract the brain regions from MRI scans (i.e., extraction step) and align them with a target brain image (i.e., registration step). Conventional research mainly focuses on developing methods for the... |
In this paper, we propose a cascaded non-local neural network for point cloud segmentation. The proposed network aims to build the long-range dependencies of point clouds for the accurate segmentation. |
Recent advances in Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have shown great potential in 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis, particularly for indoor and small-scale scenes. However, extending NeRF to large-scale outdoor environments presents challenges such as transient objects, sparse cameras and textures, and varying ... |
A recent trend in Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) is to express local, differential constraints between pairs of images, from which the surface normal at any point can be obtained by solving a system of polynomial equations. The systems of equations derived in previous work, however, are of high degree, having... |
This paper describes a method for searching for common sets of descriptors between collections of images. The presented method operates on local interest keypoints, which are generated using the SURF algorithm. |
Learning 3D generative models from a dataset of monocular images enables self-supervised 3D reasoning and controllable synthesis. State-of-the-art 3D generative models are GANs which use neural 3D volumetric representations for synthesis. |
Context-aware emotion recognition (CAER) enhances affective computing in real-world scenarios, but traditional methods often suffer from context bias-spurious correlation between background context and emotion labels (e.g. associating ``garden'' with ``happy''). In this paper, we propose \textbf{AGCD-N... |
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