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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great success in detecting intellectual property (IP) piracy and hardware Trojans (HTs). However, the machine learning community has demonstrated that GNNs are susceptible to data poisoning attacks, which result in GNNs performing abnormally on graphs with pre-defined backdoor t... |
For many decades, research in speech technologies has focused upon improving reliability. With this now meeting user expectations for a range of diverse applications, speech technology is today omni-present. |
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance compared to previous methods on various tasks, and often serve as the foundation models for many researches and services. However, the untrustworthy third-party LLMs may covertly introduce vulnerabilities for downstream tasks. |
WPA2-Personal is widely used to protect Wi-Fi networks against illicit access. While attackers typically use GPUs to speed up the discovery of weak network passwords, attacking random passwords is considered to quickly become infeasible with increasing password length. |
Facial motion capture in mixed reality headsets enables real-time avatar animation, allowing users to convey non-verbal cues during virtual interactions. However, as facial motion data constitutes a behavioral biometric, its use raises novel privacy concerns. |
Network security events prediction helps network operators to take response strategies from a proactive perspective, and reduce the cost caused by network attacks, which is of great significance for maintaining the security of the entire network. Most of the existing event prediction methods rely on temporal character... |
Multi-party computation (MPC) based machine learning, referred to as multi-party learning (MPL), has become an important technology for utilizing data from multiple parties with privacy preservation. In recent years, in order to apply MPL in more practical scenarios, various MPC-friendly models have been proposedto re... |
Blockchain applications that rely on the Proof-of-Work (PoW) have increasingly become energy inefficient with a staggering carbon footprint. In contrast, energy-efficient alternative consensus protocols such as Proof-of-Stake (PoS) may cause centralization and unfairness in the blockchain system. |
Indirect Prompt Injection attacks exploit the inherent limitation of Large Language Models (LLMs) to distinguish between instructions and data in their inputs. Despite numerous defense proposals, the systematic evaluation against adaptive adversaries remains limited, even when successful attacks can have wide security... |
Inaudible voice command injection is one of the most threatening attacks towards voice assistants. Existing attacks aim at injecting the attack signals over the air, but they require the access to the authorized user's voice for activating the voice assistants. |
How can multiple distributed entities collaboratively train a shared deep net on their private data while preserving privacy? This paper introduces InstaHide, a simple encryption of training images, which can be plugged into existing distributed deep learning pipelines. |
Whitelisting is considered an effective security monitoring method for networks used in industrial control systems, where the whitelists consist of observed tuples of the IP address of the server, the TCP/UDP port number, and IP address of the client (communication triplets). However, this method causes frequent false... |
The standard definition of differential privacy (DP) ensures that a mechanism's output distribution on adjacent datasets is indistinguishable. However, real-world implementations of DP can, and often do, reveal information through their runtime distributions, making them susceptible to timing attacks. |
A blockchain is a distributed ledger forming a distributed consensus on a history of transactions. It is the underlying technology for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, but there are many applications beyond the financial sector. |
Verifying the correctness of a digital twin provides a formal guarantee that the digital twin operates as intended. Digital twin verification is challenging due to the presence of uncertainties in the virtual representation, the physical environment, and the bidirectional flow of information between physical and virtu... |
Where can we find malware source code? This question is motivated by a real need: there is a dearth of malware source code, which impedes various types of security research. |
When studying the information leakage in programs or protocols, a natural question arises: "what is the worst case scenario? ". |
In this paper, we present a simple bare-bones solution of a Zero-Knowledge authentication protocol which uses non-commutative algebra and a variation of the generalized symmetric decomposition problem (GSDP) as a one-way function. The cryptographic security is assured as long the GSDP problem is computationally hard t... |
After 38 years of birthday Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE), there are many proposed improvements in the DHKE protocol to encounter modern security issues. This protocol seems quite simple to be implemented, but it can be vulnerable to many types of attacks. |
Some recent incidents have shown that possibly the vulnerability of IT systems in railway automation has been underestimated. Fortunately, so far, almost only denial-of-service attacks were successful, but due to several trends, such as the use of commercial IT and communication systems or privatization, the threat po... |
Machine learning (ML) models cannot neglect risks to security, privacy, and fairness. Several defenses have been proposed to mitigate such risks. |
Our objective is to protect the integrity and confidentiality of applications operating in untrusted environments. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are not a panacea. |
Fast identification of new network attack patterns is crucial for improving network security. Nevertheless, identifying an ongoing attack in a heterogeneous network is a non-trivial task. |
This paper discusses mixing of chaotic systems as a dependable method for secure communication. Distribution of the entropy function for steady state as well as plaintext input sequences are analyzed. |
Guaranteeing the security of information transmitted through the Internet, against passive or active attacks, is a major concern. The discovery of new pseudo-random number generators with a strong level of security is a field of research in full expansion, due to the fact that numerous cryptosystems and data hiding sc... |
Combating malware is very important for software/systems security, but to prevent the software/systems from the advanced malware, viz. metamorphic malware is a challenging task, as it changes the structure/code after each infection. Therefore in this paper, we present a novel approach to detect the advanced malware wi... |
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have become the cornerstone of today's generative AI ecosystem, sparking intense competition among tech giants and startups. In particular, an MLLM generates a text response given a prompt consisting of an image and a question. |
Entropically Secure Encryption (ESE) offers unconditional security with shorter keys compared to the One-Time Pad. In this paper, we present the first implementation of ESE for bulk encryption. |
Steganography is the art and science of covert writing, with a broad range of applications interwoven within the realm of cybersecurity. As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, its ability to synthesise realistic content emerges as a threat in the hands of cybercriminals who seek to manipulate and misrepresent... |
Location Aware Password Protection System (LAPPS) is designed to strengthen the security of traditional password protection systems. This is achieved by adding several layers of protection to the passwords that most traditional password protection systems generate. |
The rise of NewSpace provides a platform for small and medium businesses to commercially launch and operate satellites in space. In contrast to traditional satellites, NewSpace provides the opportunity for delivering computing platforms in space. |
Cybersecurity is a domain where there is constant change in patterns of attack, and we need ways to make our Cybersecurity systems more adaptive to handle new attacks and categorize for appropriate action. We present a novel approach to handle the alarm flooding problem faced by Cybersecurity systems like security inf... |
Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are popular for sketching systems for subsequent threat modelling. Their limited semantics make reasoning about them difficult, but enriching them endangers their simplicity and subsequent ease of take up. |
As command-line interfaces remain integral to high-performance computing environments, the risk of exploitation through stealthy and complex command-line abuse grows. Conventional security solutions struggle to detect these anomalies due to their context-specific nature, lack of labeled data, and the prevalence of sop... |
In this paper, we propose a session based bit level symmetric key cryptographic technique and it is termed as Spiral Matrix Based Bit Orientation Technique (SMBBOT). SMBBOT consider the input plain text as binary bit stream. |
This paper presents a MaxSAT benchmark focused on identifying critical nodes in AND/OR graphs. We use AND/OR graphs to model Industrial Control Systems (ICS) as they are able to semantically grasp intricate logical interdependencies among ICS components. |
The loading of resources from third-parties has evoked new security and privacy concerns about the current world wide web. Building on the concepts of forced and implicit trust, this paper examines cross-domain transmission control protocol (TCP) connections that are initiated to domains other than the domain queried ... |
The wide application of deep learning techniques is boosting the regulation of deep learning models, especially deep neural networks (DNN), as commercial products. A necessary prerequisite for such regulations is identifying the owner of deep neural networks, which is usually done through the watermark. |
Security analysts struggle to quickly and efficiently query and correlate log data due to the heterogeneity and lack of structure in real-world logs. Existing AI-based parsers focus on learning syntactic log templates but lack the semantic interpretation needed for querying. |
Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) offer a vast amount of storage space at competitive prices to cope with the growing demand for digital data storage. Dual deduplication is a recent framework designed to improve data compression on the CSP while keeping clients' data private from the CSP. |
Covert channels is a vital setup in the analysing the strength of security in a <a href="http://network.Covert" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> Channel is illegitimate channelling over the secured channel and establishes a malicious <a href="http://conversation.The" re... |
With the increasing emphasis on privacy regulations, such as GDPR, protecting individual privacy and ensuring compliance have become critical concerns for both individuals and organizations. Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) is an innovative approach that allows for secure data analysis while safeguarding sen... |
With massive data being generated daily and the ever-increasing interconnectivity of the world's Internet infrastructures, a machine learning based intrusion detection system (IDS) has become a vital component to protect our economic and national security. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study on NSL-KDD... |
Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their superior proficiency in language comprehension and generation, stimulate a vibrant ecosystem of applications around them. However, their extensive assimilation into various services introduces significant security risks. |
Latest developments in VLSI, wireless communications, and biomedical sensing devices allow very small, lightweight, low power, intelligent sensing devices called biosensors. A set of these devices can be integrated into a Wireless Biomedical Sensor Network (WBSN), a new breakthrough technology used in telemedicine for... |
Graph analysts cannot directly obtain the global structure in decentralized social networks, and analyzing such a network requires collecting local views of the social graph from individual users. Since the edges between users may reveal sensitive social interactions in the local view, applying differential privacy in... |
Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning method that enables participants to collaboratively train a model without sharing their private data. Despite its privacy and scalability benefits, FL is susceptible to backdoor attacks, where adversaries poison the local training data of a subset of clients ... |
Digital twin technology has gained increasing attention across various sectors due to its ability to create virtual replicas of physical systems, enabling real-time monitoring, optimization, and simulation. This paper explores the integration of digital twins within defence applications, focusing on key use cases rang... |
We reflect on our ongoing journey in the educational Cybersecurity Assessment Tools (CATS) Project to create two concept inventories for cybersecurity. We identify key steps in this journey and important questions we faced. |
RowHammer is a vulnerability inside DRAM chips where an attacker repeatedly accesses a DRAM row to flip bits in the nearby rows without directly accessing them. Several studies have found that flipping bits in the address part inside a page table entry (PTE) leads to serious security risks such as privilege escalation... |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a profound impact in almost every domain. One of the crucial factors contributing to this success has been the access to an abundance of high-quality data for constructing machine learning models. |
Localization is a computer vision task by which the position and orientation of a camera is determined from an image and environmental map. We propose a method for performing localization in a privacy preserving manner supporting two scenarios: first, when the image and map are held by a client who wishes to offload l... |
All mobile devices are energy-constrained. They use batteries that allows using the device for a limited amount of time. |
The software for operations and network attack results review (SONARR) and the autonomous penetration testing system (APTS) use facts and common properties in digital twin networks to represent real-world entities. However, in some cases fact values will change regularly, making it difficult for objects in SONARR and ... |
In this paper, we will consider a governance token pricing algorithm that conducts liquidity operations on AMM (CPMM) DEXs (automated market maker decentralized exchanges) with liquidity that belongs to a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), also called protocol-owned liquidity (POL). The primary aim of the pr... |
Usage of the fast development of real-life digital applications in modern technology should guarantee novel and efficient way-outs of their protection. Encryption facilitates the data hiding. |
A graph neural network (GNN) is a type of neural network that is specifically designed to process graph-structured data. Typically, GNNs can be implemented in two settings, including the transductive setting and the inductive setting. |
The (logically) centralised architecture of the software-defined networks makes them an easy target for packet injection attacks. In these attacks, the attacker injects malicious packets into the SDN network to affect the services and performance of the SDN controller and overflow the capacity of the SDN switches. |
Malware often uses obfuscation techniques or is modified slightly to evade signature detection from antivirus software and malware analysis tools. Traditionally, to determine if a file is malicious and identify what type of malware a sample is, a cryptographic hash of a file is calculated. |
The Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled a wide range of sectors to interact effectively with their consumers in order to deliver seamless services and products. Despite the widespread availability of (IoT) devices and their Internet connectivity, they have a low level of information security integrity. |
Message authentication guarantees the integrity of messages exchanged over untrusted channels. However, to achieve this goal, message authentication considerably expands packet sizes, which is especially problematic in constrained wireless environments. |
This work introduces FAIR, a novel framework for Fuzzy-based Aggregation providing In-network Resilience for Wireless Sensor Networks. FAIR addresses the possibility of malicious aggregator nodes manipulating data. |
Smart contract transactions associated with security attacks often exhibit distinct behavioral patterns compared with historical benign transactions before the attacking events. While many runtime monitoring and guarding mechanisms have been proposed to validate invariants and stop anomalous transactions on the fly, t... |
Shared-memory system-on-chips (SM-SoC) are ubiquitously employed by a wide-range of mobile computing platforms, including edge/IoT devices, autonomous systems and smartphones. In SM-SoCs, system-wide shared physical memory enables a convenient and financially-feasible way to make data accessible by dozens of processin... |
Privacy-preserving genomic data sharing is prominent to increase the pace of genomic research, and hence to pave the way towards personalized genomic medicine. In this paper, we introduce ($\epsilon , T$)-dependent local differential privacy (LDP) for privacy-preserving sharing of correlated data and propose a genomic... |
Moving Target Defense (MTD) has emerged as a proactive and dynamic framework to counteract evolving cyber threats. Traditional MTD approaches often rely on assumptions about the attackers knowledge and behavior. |
Recently, Yang et al. introduced an efficient searchable encryption scheme titled "Dynamic Consensus Committee-Based for Secure Data Sharing With Authorized Multi-Receiver Searchable Encryption (DCC-SE)," published in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109... |
Machine learning (ML) models are proving to be vulnerable to a variety of attacks that allow the adversary to learn sensitive information, cause mispredictions, and more. While these attacks have been extensively studied, current research predominantly focuses on analyzing each attack type individually. |
Smart contracts, as a key component of blockchain technology, play a crucial role in ensuring the automation of transactions and adherence to protocol rules. However, smart contracts are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, which, if exploited, can lead to significant asset losses. |
At present, backdoor attacks attract attention as they do great harm to deep learning models. The adversary poisons the training data making the model being injected with a backdoor after being trained unconsciously by victims using the poisoned dataset. |
Machine learning algorithms have been widely used in intrusion detection systems, including Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). In this study, we proposed a two-stage model that combines the Birch clustering algorithm and MLP classifier to improve the performance of network anomaly multi-classification. |
Federated learning, as a promising machine learning approach, has emerged to leverage a distributed personalized dataset from a number of nodes, e.g., mobile devices, to improve performance while simultaneously providing privacy preservation for mobile users. In the federated learning, training data is widely distribu... |
Various (text) prompt filters and (image) safety checkers have been implemented to mitigate the misuse of Text-to-Image (T2I) models in creating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) content. In order to expose potential security vulnerabilities of such safeguards, multimodal jailbreaks have been studied. |
The task of this paper is to introduce a new lightweight identification protocol based on biometric data and elliptic curves. In fact, we combine biometric data and asymetric cryptography, namely elliptic curves and standard tools to design a multifactor identification protocol. |
We introduce a game-theoretic model to investigate the strategic interaction between a cyber insurance policyholder whose premium depends on her self-reported security level and an insurer with the power to audit the security level upon receiving an indemnity claim. Audits can reveal fraudulent (or simply careless) po... |
With the increasing extent of malware attacks in the present day along with the difficulty in detecting modern malware, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for malware classification. Multiple DNN architectures can be designed and trained to detect and classify ... |
In the future world of safe traffic, intelligent transportation systems play a vital role. The connections between traffic participants and systems on the one and infrastructure and service providers on the other side are a necessary prerequisite for informed and safe driving. |
The upcoming Sixth Generation (6G) network is projected to grapple with a range of security concerns, encompassing access control, authentication, secure connections among 6G Core (6GC) entities, and trustworthiness. Classical Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), extensively deployed in Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network i... |
Substitution Box or S-Box had been generated using 4-bit Boolean Functions (BFs) for Encryption and Decryption Algorithm of Lucifer and Data Encryption Standard (DES) in late sixties and late seventies respectively. The S-box of Advance Encryption Standard have also been generated using Irreducible Polynomials over Ga... |
The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created a pressing need for efficient security solutions, particularly against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. While existing detection approaches demonstrate high accuracy, they often require substantial computational resources, making them impractical for Io... |
The wide deployment of machine learning in recent years gives rise to a great demand for large-scale and high-dimensional data, for which the privacy raises serious concern. Differential privacy (DP) mechanisms are conventionally developed for scalar values, not for structural data like matrices. |
The disruptive technology of blockchain can deliver secure solutions without the need for a central authority. In blockchain protocols, assets that belong to a participant are controlled through the private key of an asymmetric key pair that is owned by the participant. |
For small privacy parameter $\epsilon$, $\epsilon$-differential privacy (DP) provides a strong worst-case guarantee that no membership inference attack (MIA) can succeed at determining whether a person's data was used to train a machine learning model. The guarantee of DP is worst-case because: |
The Internet of Things (IoT) realizes a vision where billions of interconnected devices are deployed just about everywhere, from inside our bodies to the most remote areas of the globe. As the IoT will soon pervade every aspect of our lives and will be accessible from anywhere, addressing critical IoT security threats... |
Over the years security experts in the field of Information Technology have had a tough time in making passwords secure. This paper studies and takes a careful look at this issue from the angle of philosophy and cognitive science. |
In this paper, we introduce the Sarv, a novel non-monolithic blockchain-based data structure designed to represent hierarchical relationships between digitally representable components. Sarv serves as an underlying infrastructure for a wide range of applications requiring hierarchical data management, such as supply c... |
Secure distance bounding (DB) protocols allow one entity, the verifier, to securely obtain an upper-bound on the distance to another entity, the prover. Thus far, DB was considered mostly in the context of a single prover and a single verifier. |
In the context of cloud environments, data providers entrust their data to data consumers in order to allow further computing on their own IT infrastructure. Usage control measures allow the data provider to restrict the usage of its data even on the data consumer's system. |
Mobile instant messengers such as WhatsApp use delivery status notifications in order to inform users if a sent message has successfully reached its destination. This is useful and important information for the sender due to the often asynchronous use of the messenger service. |
Key-agreement protocols whose security is proven in the random oracle model are an important alternative to protocols based on public-key cryptography. In the random oracle model, the parties and the eavesdropper have access to a shared random function (an "oracle"), but the parties are limited in the number o... |
Power side channel is a very important category of side channels, which can be exploited to steal confidential information from a computing system by analyzing its power consumption. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of various power side channels on popular mobile devices such as smartphones. |
The intellectual property protection of deep learning (DL) models has attracted increasing serious concerns. Many works on intellectual property protection for Deep Neural Networks (DNN) models have been proposed. |
Modeling and analyzing security of networked systems is an important problem in the emerging Science of Security and has been under active investigation. In this paper, we propose a new approach towards tackling the problem. |
Cryptocurrency has been (ab)used to purchase illicit goods and services such as drugs, weapons and child pornography (also referred to as child sexual abuse materials), and thus mobile devices (where cryptocurrency wallet applications are installed) are a potential source of evidence in a criminal investigation. Not s... |
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated considerable potential in the realm of medical imaging. However, the development of high-performance AI models typically necessitates training on large-scale, centralized datasets. |
Machine learning techniques have had a long list of applications in recent years. However, the use of machine learning in information and network security is not new. |
The critical role that Network Time Protocol (NTP) plays in the Internet led to multiple efforts to secure it against time-shifting attacks. A recent proposal for enhancing the security of NTP with Chronos against on-path attackers seems the most promising one and is on a standardisation track of the IETF. |
Privacy-preserving computation techniques like homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party computation (SMPC) enhance data security by enabling processing on encrypted data. However, the significant computational and CPU-DRAM data movement overhead resulting from the underlying cryptographic algorithms impedes ... |
Ransomware is a growing threat that typically operates by either encrypting a victim's files or locking a victim's computer until the victim pays a ransom. However, it is still challenging to detect such malware timely with existing traditional malware detection techniques. |
This paper will discuss the Logjam attack on TLS. The Logjam attack allows, under certain conditions, to defeat the security provided by TLS. |
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