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In this work we present an alternative to the use of PEDOT:PSS as hole transport and electron blocking layer in organic photodetectors processed by solution. As PEDOT:PSS is known to be sensitive to humidity, oxygen and UV, removing this layer is essential for lifetime improvements. |
Water drops used as reaction compartments are commonly immobilized on hydrophilic areas bordered by hydrophobic areas. For many applications, such as the trapping of non-adherent cells, it is desirable to exploit the inertness and the anti-fouling behavior of hydrophobic surfaces as well as their repulsive behavior to... |
We have synthesized MoS$_{2}$ incorporated $\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$/ZnO nanocomposites by the hydrothermal process. The effect of incorporating ultrasonically exfoliated MoS$_{2}$ on the photocatalytic performance of $\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$/ZnO nanocomposites has been demonstrated. |
Lead halide perovskite-based photoactive layers are nowadays employed for a large number of optoelectronic applications, from solar cells to photodetectors and light-emitting diodes, because of their excellent absorption, emission and charge-transport properties. Unfortunately, their commercialization is still hindere... |
Strongly confined NaVO$^+$ segregation and its thermo-responsive functionality at the interface between simple sputter-deposited amorphous vanadium oxide thin films and soda-lime glass was substantiated in the present study by in-situ temperature-controlled Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Th... |
Electrostatic shielding is an important consideration for large area field emitters (LAFE) and results in a distribution of field enhancement factors even when the constituent emitters are identical. Ideally, the mean and variance together with the nature of the distribution should characterize a LAFE. |
In this article we discuss in detail the effective approaches to enhance the thermal conductivity in polymer composites. It is shown from numerical simulations that maximizing interfacial area between filler and polymer enhances very significantly the effective thermal conductivity in composites. |
Synaptic devices with linear high-speed switching can accelerate learning in artificial neural networks (ANNs) embodied in hardware. Conventional resistive memories however suffer from high write noise and asymmetric conductance tuning, preventing parallel programming of ANN arrays as needed to surpass conventional co... |
Probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs) provide a path to solving many computationally hard problems more efficiently than deterministic algorithms on von Neumann computers. Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (S-MTJs), which are engineered to be thermally unstable, show promise as entropy sources in PIMs. |
A body area network (BAN) involving wearable sensors populated around the human body can continuously monitor physiological signals, finding applications in personal healthcare and athletic evaluation. Existing near-field communication (NFC)-enabled BAN solutions, while facilitating reliable and secure interconnection... |
Several studies have confirmed visible light and ultraviolet emission during water molecule <a href="http://radiolysis.However" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> radiofrequency (RF) emissions have been scarcely <a href="http://investigated.This" rel="external noopener no... |
In this work, we demonstrate the use of tapered optical fibers (TOF) to detect charged particle (ions), irradiated at various energies, fluences and species. The single mode tapered optical fiber has been used in various sensing applications in recent times. |
The propagation of the Lamb modes along a-SiC/ZnO thin supported composite structures was simulated for different ZnO and a-SiC layer thicknesses and electrical boundary conditions. The phase and group velocity, the field profile and the electroacoustic coupling coefficient dispersion curves of the Lamb modes travelli... |
Large spiking neural networks (SNNs) require ultra-low power and low variability hardware for neuromorphic computing applications. Recently, a band-to-band tunneling-based (BTBT) integrator, enabling sub-kHz operation of neurons with area and energy efficiency, was proposed. |
Porous electrodes are an integral part of many electrochemical devices since they have high porosity to maximize electrochemical transport and high surface area to maximize activity. Traditional porous electrode materials are typically homogeneous, stochastic collections of small scale particles and offer few opportun... |
Hermitian theories play a major role in understanding the physics of most phenomena. It has been found only in the past decade that non-Hermiticity enables unprecedented effects such as exceptional points, spectral singularities and bulk Fermi arcs. |
We have investigated magnetotransport properties of YRh6Ge4, which was recently predicted to be a triply degenerate nodal semimetal. We find it exhibits remarkable signatures of a chiral anomaly, manifested by large negative longitudinal magnetoresistance, quadratic field dependence of magnetoconductance and planar Ha... |
The combination of a fuel cell and batteries has promising potential for powering autonomous vehicles. The MUN Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is built to do mapping-type missions of seabeds as well as survey missions. |
Multicore fibers can be used for Radio over Fiber transmission of mmwave signals for phased array antennas in 5G networks. The inter-core skew of these fibers distort the radiation pattern. |
We use micromagnetic simulation to demonstrate layer-selective detection of magnetization directions from magnetic dots having two recording layers by using a spin-torque oscillator (STO) as a read device. This method is based on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) excitation of recording-layer magnetizations by the microwa... |
Silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond have great potential for optical sensing and bio-imaging applications. However, the fabrication of large-scale high-density SiV centers in diamond remains difficult. |
The tunability of radio environments with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enables the paradigm of smart radio environments in which wireless system engineers are no longer limited to only controlling the radiated signals but can in addition also optimize the wireless channels. Many practical radio environme... |
Spaceborne radar remote sensing of the earth system is essential to study natural and man-made changes in the ecosystem, water and energy cycles, weather and air quality, sea level, and surface dynamics. A major challenge with current approaches is the lack of broad spectrum tunability due to narrow band microwave ele... |
Geometric Akaike Information Criteria (G-AICs) for generalized noise-level dependent crystallographic symmetry classifications of two-dimensional (2D) images that are more or less periodic in either two or one dimensions as well as Akaike weights for multi-model inferences and predictions are reviewed. Such novel clas... |
In this paper, we discuss the possibility of achieving tunable topologically protected edge modes through the application of uniaxial deformation in an auxetic metamaterial. The proposed structure consists of a thin slab with oriented cuts in a hexagonal lattice, where topologically protected band gaps are opened by i... |
In this work, Pt-Ti core-shell nanoparticles (NP) of 2 nm to 3 nm in size and 30000 u \pm 1500 u as specified single particle mass, deposited on flat silicon substrates by means of a mass-selected cluster beam source, were used for the investigation of the modification of the X-Ray Standing Wave (XSW) field intensity w... |
We demonstrate a straightforward approach to integrating a magnetic field into a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by adhering an NdFeB permanent magnet to a magnetizable sample plate. To render our magnet concept compatible with high-temperature sample cleaning procedures, we make the irreversible d... |
Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is an emerging material for high power and new generation devices, but the development of high quality 3C-SiC layer still represents a scientific and technological challenge especially when grown on a Si substrate. In the present lecture, we discuss the use of a buffer layer between the ... |
We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a microwave true time delay line (TTDL) based on an integrated micro-ring resonator (MRR) Kerr optical comb source with a channel spacing of 49GHz, corresponding to 81 channels over the C-band. The broadband microcomb, with a record low free spectral range of 49GHz,... |
Efficient semi-transparent solar cells can trigger the adoption of building integrated photovoltaics. Halide perovskites are particularly suitable in this respect owing to their tunable bandgap. |
We investigate the employment of carefully selected solvent additives in the processing of a commercial perovskite precursor ink and analyze their impact on the performance of organometal trihalide perovskite photovoltaic devices. We provide evidence that the use of benzaldehyde can be used as an effective method to p... |
Scattering experiments can be leveraged to extract the effective properties of a heterogeneous metamaterial slab based on multi-point measurements in surrounding media. In this technique, two measurements are made in the ambient media on each side of a finite thickness micro-structured slab to decompose incoming and o... |
Acoustophoresis deals with the manipulation of sub-wavelength scatterers in an incident acoustic field. The geometric details of manipulated particles are often neglected by replacing them with equivalent symmetric geometries such as spheres, spheroids, cylinders or disks. |
Micro and nanomechanical resonators have been extensively researched in recent decades for applications to time and frequency references, as well as highly sensitive sensors. Conventionally, the operation of these resonant sensors is practically implemented using a feedback oscillator to dynamically track variations i... |
We demonstrate a new paradigm for the wireless harvesting of mechanical energy via a 3D-printed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) which comprises a graphene polylactic acid (gPLA) nanocomposite and Teflon. The synergistic combination of eco-friendly PLA with graphene in our TENG exhibited an output voltage > 2 kV ... |
In an effective medium description of acoustic metamaterials, the Willis coupling plays the same role as the bianisotropy in electromagnetism. Willis media can be described by a constitutive matrix composed of the classical effective bulk modulus and density and additional cross-coupling terms defining the acoustic bi... |
We present a critical advance in experimental testing of nonlinear structures. Traditional quasi-static experimental methods control the displacement or force at one or more load-introduction points on a structure. |
In this paper, the impact behaviour of composite laminates is investigated, and their potential for ballistic protection assessed, as a function of the reinforcing materials and structures for three representative fibre-reinforced epoxy systems involving carbon, glass, or para-aramid fibre reinforcements, respectively.... |
Micro/nanoliter droplet is capable of achieving versatile applications with tiny volume and substantial surface energy, which is a big plus over bulk liquid. Yet, the contradiction of elaborate manipulation and enough power is still a challenge. |
Diamond-like carbon thin films have emerged as durable, chemically stable optical coatings for many optical and optoelectronics applications due to their hardness, chemical inertness, and optical transparency. This paper presents a novel high-energy electron cyclotron resonance ion beam sputter deposition technique to... |
The spontaneous magnetic orders arising in ferro-, ferri- and antiferromagnets stem from various magnetic interactions. Depending on the interplay and competition among the Heisenberg exchange interaction, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction, magnetic dipolar interaction and crystal anisotropies, a great variet... |
Recently High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) inspired III-V electro-optic modulator topologies were proposed for realizing high speed electro-optic modulators leveraging plasma dispersion effect due to the 2D Electron Gas (2DEG) present at the III-V heterostructure interface. The 2DEG is highly confined at the in... |
Corrosion of metal structures is often prevented using cathodic protection systems, that employ sacrificial anodes that corrode more preferentially relative to the metal to be protected. In-situ monitoring of these sacrificial anodes during early stages of their useful life could offer several insights into deteriorat... |
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are efficient light sources extensively applied in people's daily life nowadays, with profound effect on their psychological and physiological state subtly and deeply. The correlated color temperature (CCT) the eyes perceive is a key parameter, but the CCT tuning technology of LEDs rem... |
We have studied the visible and infrared radiation emitted by multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of different diameters when exposed to 2.45 GHz microwaves. A comparison of the spectra suggests that multi-walled carbon nano-tubes with larger diameters emit radiation of greater intensity than those with smaller diameters. |
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows detection of stray magnetic fields around magnetic materials and the two-dimensional visualization of these fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the oscillations of an MFM tip above a thin film of nonmagnetic metal. |
Radio, millimetre and sub-millimetre astronomy experiments as well as remote sensing applications often require castable absorbers with well known electromagnetic properties to design and realize calibration targets. In this context, we fabricated and characterized two samples using different ratios of two easily comm... |
The contact resistance limits the down-scaling and operating range of OFETs. With the monolayer (1L) organic crystals and non-destructive metal/semiconductor interfaces, intrinsic mobility of 12.5 cm2V-1s-1 and Ohmic contact resistance of 40 ohm-cm were achieved. |
Lithium-metal batteries employing concentrated glyme-based electrolytes and different cathode chemistries are herein evaluated in view of a safe use of the highly energetic alkali-metal anode. Indeed, diethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (DEGDME) and triethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (TREGDME) dissolving lithium bis(trifl... |
Hybrid integration of plasmonics and Si photonics is a promising architecture for global microprocessor interconnects. To this end, practical plasmonic devices not only should provide athermal, broadband operation over wavelength-scale footprint, but also support non-intrusive integration with low-loss Si waveguides a... |
The dipoles in ferroelectric copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) can be driven by electric field, introducing phonon transport modulations through polarizing molecular chains. The thermal conductivity in single 75/25 P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers is found to increase with electric field related phonon renormalization, resulted from change... |
The creation of white and multicoloured 3D-printed objects with high colour fidelity via powder sintering processes is currently limited by discolouration from thermal sensitizers used in the printing process. Here we circumvent this problem by using switchable, photochromic tungsten oxide nanoparticles, which are col... |
A widespread problem in libraries is related to the preservation of book covers in leather that are often torn, powdery and abraded. The same problem is encountered in the conservation of leather goods. |
Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a promising method for achieving energy-efficient magnetisation switching in advanced spintronic devices. Over the past two decades, researchers have primarily focused on enhancing spin current generation through the spin Hall effect, relying predominantly on the ... |
Geometric diodes, which take advantage of geometric asymmetry to achieve current flow preference, are promising for THz current rectification. Previous studies relate geometric diodes' rectification to quantum coherent or ballistic transport, which is fragile and critical of the high-quality transport system. |
Outstanding wide-bandgap semiconductor material such as gallium nitride (GaN) has been extensively utilized in power electronics, radiofrequency amplifiers, and harsh environment devices. Due to its quantum confinement effect in enabling desired deep-ultraviolet emission, excitonic impact, and electronic transport fea... |
Microwave photonics (MWP) studies the interaction between microwave and optical waves for the generation, transmission and processing of microwave signals (i.e., three key domains), taking advantages of broad bandwidth and low loss offered by modern photonics. Integrated MWP using photonic integrated circuits (PICs) c... |
The temperature dependence of the steady-state fluorescence spectrum of anthracene crystals range from 300K to 500K had been investigated, which was in the temperature range of most tabletop laser-driven shock wave experiments. The interesting finding is that the fluorescence intensity of the 2-0 transition increases ... |
Moisture in the form of humidity has a significant impact on the operation of photovoltaic (PV) cells and panels. Moisture is often diffuse through the encapsulant film (Ethylene Vynil Acetate (EVA), PVB, PVF, PMMA) or the breathable back-sheet. |
We investigate temperature dependent thermal conductivity k(T) in a single Ge nanowire (NW) using Optothermal Raman Spectroscopy which utilizes the temperature dependence of Raman lines as a local probe for temperature. The experiment was done from 300 K to above 700 K, a temperature range in which thermal conductivit... |
This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to scrutinize the influence of type and volume fraction of nanoparticle on the density of nanofluids, i.e. silver (as a hydrophilic case) and titanium dioxide (as a hydrophobic case) water-based nanofluids. Ionic structure of TiO2 distinguishes the solid-liquid intera... |
In this letter, we report the operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Pd gates in air over a wide temperature range from 22$^\circ$C to 500$^\circ$C. The variation in the threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) is less than 1$\%$ over the entire temperature range. |
Additive manufacturing, especially laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), is widely used for fabricating metal parts with intricate geometries. However, parts produced via L-PBF suffer from varied surface roughness which affects the dynamic or fatigue properties. |
In this paper, we present a piezo-metastructure shunted with bistable circuits to achieve adaptive nonreciprocal elastic wave transmission. Static properties of the bistable circuit are first investigated, followed by numerical investigation of wave transmission characteristics on the nonlinear piezo-metastructure. |
The purpose of this work was to investigate historical claims of the existence of a longitudinal ElectroMagnetic (EM) force component acting on metallic atomic current elements in a direction parallel to the current flowing through them. This lies outside conventional textbook physics predictions, yet its existence ha... |
With the advances in materials and integration of electronics and thermoelectrics, the demand for novel crystalline materials with ultimate high/low thermal conductivity is increasing. However, search for optimal thermal materials is challenge due to the tremendous degrees of freedom in the composition and structure o... |
We developed a novel contactless frequency-domain approach to study thermal transport, which is particularly convenient when thermally anisotropic materials are considered. The method is based on a similar line-shaped heater geometry as used in the 3-omega method, however, keeping all the technical advantages offered ... |
In this paper, we report the synthesis of reduced Graphene Oxide-Tin Oxide nanocomposite and the effectiveness of this composite in decolorizing and degrading Methylene Blue (MB). Tin Oxide was prepared by liquid phase co-precipitation method and reduced Graphene Oxide-Tin Oxide (rGO-SnO2) nanocomposite was prepared b... |
Due to their extremely long propagation lengths compared to the wavelengths, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been considered as a key in enhancing thermal conductivity in thin metal films. This study explores the conditions at which the plasmon thermal conductivity is maximized, considering the thickness-depend... |
This paper shows experimental systems using R/G/B LEDs as both the emitters and narrowband filterless photodetectors to realize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communications. Among 9 tested color-pair links from R/G/B LEDs to R/G/B LEDs, the R-R link and B-G link exhibit the best quality. |
Realization of non-reciprocal devices, such as isolators and circulators, is of fundamental importance in microwave and photonic communication systems. This can be achieved by breaking time-reversal symmetry in the system or exploiting nonlinearity and topological effects. |
All-optical switches are introduced which are based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the form of electrospun fibers, where DNA is semi-intercalated with a push-pull, luminescent nonlinear pyrazoline derivative. Optical birefringence is found in the organic nanofibers, with fully reversible switching controlled throug... |
Local search algorithms are well-known methods for solving large, hard instances of the satisfiability problem (SAT). The performance of these algorithms crucially depends on heuristics for setting noise parameters and scoring variables. |
Significant efforts have been made to understand and document knowledge related to scientific measurements. Many of those efforts resulted in one or more high-quality ontologies that describe some aspects of scientific measurements, but not in a comprehensive and coherently integrated manner. |
Neuro-symbolic predictors learn a mapping from sub-symbolic inputs to higher-level concepts and then carry out (probabilistic) logical inference on this intermediate representation. This setup offers clear advantages in terms of consistency to symbolic prior knowledge, and is often believed to provide interpretability... |
Axiomatization has been widely used for testing logical implications. This paper suggests a non-axiomatic method, the chase, to test if a new dependency follows from a given set of probabilistic dependencies. |
The theory introduced, presented and developed in this paper, is concerned with Rough Concept Analysis. This theory is a synthesis of the theory of Rough Sets pioneered by Zdzislaw Pawlak with the theory of Formal Concept Analysis pioneered by Rudolf Wille. |
We introduce an LSTM-based method for dynamically integrating several word-prediction experts to obtain a conditional language model which can be good simultaneously at several subtasks. We illustrate this general approach with an application to dialogue where we integrate a neural chat model, good at conversational a... |
The rigorous theoretical analyses of algorithms for exact 3-satisfiability (X3SAT) have been proposed in the literature. As we know, previous algorithms for solving X3SAT have been analyzed only regarding the number of variables as the parameter. |
Imitation learning and instruction-following are two common approaches to communicate a user's intent to a learning agent. However, as the complexity of tasks grows, it could be beneficial to use both demonstrations and language to communicate with an agent. |
The target of this paper is to present an industry-ready prototype software for general game playing. This software can also be used as the central element for experimental economics research, interfacing of game-theoretic libraries, AI-driven software testing, algorithmic trade, human behavior mining and simulation o... |
We study the worst-case adaptive optimization problem with budget constraint that is useful for modeling various practical applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning. We investigate the near-optimality of greedy algorithms for this problem with both modular and non-modular cost functions. |
Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a popular approach for integrating and querying multiple data sources by means of a shared ontology. The ontology is linked to the sources using mappings, which assign views over the data to ontology predicates. |
In many scenarios, configurators support the configuration of a solution that satisfies the preferences of a single user. The concept of \emph{multi-configuration} is based on the idea of configuring a set of configurations. |
Data contamination refers to the leakage of evaluation data into model training data, resulting in overfitting to supposedly held-out test sets and compromising test validity. We identify an analogous issue, search-time contamination (STC), in evaluating search-based LLM agents which use tools to gather information fr... |
Temporal-difference (TD) learning is an important field in reinforcement learning. Sarsa and Q-Learning are among the most used TD algorithms. |
High-quality mathematical and logical datasets with verifiable answers are essential for strengthening the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While recent data augmentation techniques have facilitated the creation of large-scale benchmarks, existing LLM-generated datasets often suffer from limited... |
Many problems that cloud operators solve are computationally expensive, and operators often use heuristic algorithms (that are faster and scale better than optimal) to solve them more efficiently. Heuristic analyzers enable operators to find when and by how much their heuristics underperform. |
We examine non-dual relational extensions of rough set approximations and find an extension which satisfies surprisingly many of the usual rough set properties. We then use this definition to give an explanation for an observation made by Samanta and Chakraborty in their recent paper [P. Samanta and M.K. Chakraborty. ... |
We present the Neural Physics Engine (NPE), a framework for learning simulators of intuitive physics that naturally generalize across variable object count and different scene configurations. We propose a factorization of a physical scene into composable object-based representations and a neural network architecture w... |
In this report paper we first present a report of the Advanced Machine Learning Course Project on the provided data set and then present a novel heuristic algorithm for exact Bayesian network (BN) structure discovery that uses decomposable scoring functions. Our algorithm follows a different approach to solve the prob... |
Memory traces--changes in the memory system that result from the perception and encoding of an event--were measured in pioneering studies by Endel Tulving and Michael J. Watkins in 1975. These and further experiments informed the maturation of Tulving's memory model, from the GAPS (General Abstract Processing Syst... |
This article describes the first implementation of the GADEL system : a Genetic Algorithm for Default Logic. The goal of GADEL is to compute extensions in Reiter's default logic. |
The combination of higher-order theories and fuzzy logic can be useful in decision-making tasks that involve reasoning across abstract functions and predicates, where exact matches are often rare or unnecessary. Developing efficient reasoning and computational techniques for such a combined formalism presents a signif... |
We study the problem of rewriting a disjunctive datalog program into plain datalog. We show that a disjunctive program is rewritable if and only if it is equivalent to a linear disjunctive program, thus providing a novel characterisation of datalog rewritability. |
A key objective of embodied intelligence is enabling agents to perform long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments while maintaining robust decision-making and adaptability. To achieve this goal, we propose the Spatio-Temporal Memory Agent (STMA), a novel framework designed to enhance task planning and execution by int... |
Video-assisted transoral tracheal intubation (TI) necessitates using an endoscope that helps the physician insert a tracheal tube into the glottis instead of the esophagus. The growing trend of robotic-assisted TI would require a medical robot to distinguish anatomical features like an experienced physician which can ... |
Accurately capturing the three dimensional power distribution within a reactor core is vital for ensuring the safe and economical operation of the reactor, compliance with Technical Specifications, and fuel cycle planning (safety, control, and performance evaluation). Offline (that is, during cycle planning and core d... |
Detecting and predicting the behavior of pedestrians is extremely crucial for self-driving vehicles to plan and interact with them safely. Although there have been several research works in this area, it is important to have fast and memory efficient models such that it can operate in embedded hardware in these autono... |
We present and examine a result related to uncertainty reasoning, namely that a certain plausibility space of Cox's type can be uniquely embedded in a minimal ordered field. This, although a purely mathematical result, can be claimed to imply that every rational method to reason with uncertainty must be based on s... |
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