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54d73e223706e89528000010
5-aminolevulinic acid (or 5-ALA) is the generic name of Gliolan. It is approved for fluorescence-guided resections of adult malignant gliomas.
551fd9c06b348bb82c000012
ROSIER (Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room) scale was developed as a stroke recognition tool on suspected patients in the prehospital setting.
5e776cfe835f4e4777000010
Afrezza was approved by the FDA in June 2014.
5c890ad575a4a5d21900000d
Oleuropein originates from olive trees, and is specifically found in olive leaf extracts.
5160412d298dcd4e5100003c
Set7 is H4K20 monomethyltransferase. Upregulation of PR-Set7 expression upon loss of HCF-1 leads to improper mitotic H4-K20 methylation. Set7 (or some variant) has also been reported to perform mono-methylation on lysine-4 of H3.
601d6fe11cb411341a000033
Yes, tirabrutinib appears to be effective for lymphoma. It was approved in Japan for the treatment of recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma.
5c8ab614d558e5f23200000d
Yes, Accumulating evidence demonstrates the involvement of asporin in OA pathogenesis. Asporin has been reported as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while asporin-activated invasion has been described in gastric cancer.
52df8ce798d023950500000d
There are several antioxidant supplements belonging to different families, i.e. Vitamins, Polyphenols, alpha-lipoic acid, ubiquinones, n-3- polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), minerals and others. Nonetheless the widespread use of these supplements, it is still debated their true usefulness, and it is not unanimously advise...
65cfd7981930410b13000022
Zilebesiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic agent with a prolonged duration of action, inhibits hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis.
6217d9bf3a8413c653000024
Yes, IFNG-induce up-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)
5c8973f3d558e5f232000007
The first gene therapy to receive marketing authorization in the European Union was Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec).
530e1c985937551c09000004
DOORS syndrome is a constellation of deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown cause.
5a8714e261bb38fb24000005
No, polyadenylation is a process that stabilizes mRNA by adding up to 200 adenosine residues to the 3' end of the trabscript
67fbe21818b1e36f2e000113
Factors that are associated with thyroid cancer include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, urban residence, higher income, family history of malignant tumors, Asian race, ionizing radiation, history of goiter or thyroid nodules, occupational exposure to chemicals, and female gender.
5e2d7fabfbd6abf43b00000c
Depletion of the abundant HMGB2 protein occurs early on the path to senescence and coincides with the dramatic spatial clustering of CTCF. Knocking down HMGB2 suffices for senescence-induced CTCF clustering and for loop reshuffling, while ectopically expressing HMGB2 rescues these effects.
5e2b109cfbd6abf43b000002
The LACE index is a simple tool that includes 4 parameters: Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity, and Emergency visits in the previous 6 months. It is used to predict early re-admission after hospital discharge.
551177626a8cde6b72000005
Resveratrol downregulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in human cells. It has been found that resveratrol targets multiple components of the phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase(PI3K)/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways, including PI3K, Akt, PTEN, and DEPTOR, suggesting that this natural compound and its derivatives may offe...
5502fe13e9bde69634000009
Electronic dietary records were better than food diaries in terms of fat percentage reduction in our trials, indicating that teledietetics increases healthy-eating awareness.
56c1f034ef6e394741000050
Perry syndrome is a familial parkinsonism associated with central hypoventilation, mental depression, and weight loss.
5c34b45eda8336e21a000008
This method probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position. The method is a...
58add7699ef3c34033000009
The proteins Nrd1, Rap1, Trf4, Rrp6, Ssu72, Cstf64, Pcf11 and PAP are the major components of the 3' cleavage and polyadenylation complex.
52eea509c8da89891000000d
The genes involved in ROMANO-WARD syndrome are KCNQ1, KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNH2, SCN5A, CAV3, SCN4B, AKAP9, SNTA1, KCNJ5 and Ankyrin-B.
62211b973a8413c65300006c
G-quadruplex DNA structures (G4 DNA) are a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma because of their ability to stabilize DNA damage and promote DNA damage response in response to 6-oxazole 6-methyl-CoA reductase inhibitors (6OTD).
6609997ffdcbea915f000019
Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer or other extracolonic tumors. These extracolonic tumors include adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, stomach, ovarian carcinoma, carcinoma of...
588f9f83ed9bbee70d000004
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally considered to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin actually spreading in the Sakha (Yakutian) Republic.
5c6df86b7c78d69471000045
Yes, baricitinib is effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
58caf86f02b8c60953000030
Inhalation of Yersinia pestis results in primary pneumonic plague.
5a7244aa2dc08e987e00000f
Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the shared p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, is approved in the USA and Europe for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
589dee3778275d0c4a000050
Inhibitors of ALK2(ACVR1) are used for the treatment of FOP. Current therapies for FOP are Dorsomorphin analogues which function as BMP inhibitor. if B cells control excess BMP-4 production in FOP, use of Rituximab, a monoclonal which targets B cells, could be a treatment alternative for FOP.
660d7324fdcbea915f000040
About 26.3% of individuals with Parkinson's Disease develop Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD), indicating a significant concern for those affected. However, this number may underestimate cognitive decline cases as not all are classified as PDD; other forms such as Lewy body dementia or Alzheimer's disease can also occ...
52b2efcb4003448f55000005
Yes, there is hearing deficit in achondroplasia
5321ae889b2d7acc7e000006
No data indicate causal connection between gastro esophageal/laryngopharyngeal(LPR) reflux disease and the occurrence of intraoral burning sensations
52c7311903868f1b0600001d
Muenke syndrome, also known as FGFR3-associated coronal synostosis, is defined molecularly by the presence of a heterozygous nucleotide transversion, c.749C>G, encoding the amino acid substitution Pro250Arg, in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 gene (FGFR3).
63fa13da201352f04a000001
Yes, PRP-40 regulation of neuronal microexons is a widely conserved phenomenon.
5326a85ad6d3ac6a3400000b
PABP4 binds mRNA poly(A) tails.
5eb504560d431b5f7300000b
Drosophila heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1) is an abundant component of heterochromatin, a highly condensed compartment of the nucleus that comprises a major fraction of complex genomes.
5c840782617e120c34000006
The adipocyte-secreting adipokine, resistin, may play a critical role in the modulation of inflammatory diseases.
626aef83e764a53204000044
Vitravene was approved in Brazil in the summer of 1999.
530e131b5937551c09000002
Statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown be associated with improved outcomes by some prospective clinical trials. It has been reported that statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced rates of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality. However, other authors have failed to find beneficial...
622122683a8413c653000075
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in whole blood could be served as novel non-invasive biomarkers for retinal degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
56cdf40d5795f9a73e00003d
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, driving lysosome adaptation to environmental cues, such as starvation, and therefore targeting of TFEB may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating lysosomal function in human disease.
6410f8b2201352f04a000033
The benefits of using a virtual digital twin in nutrition include: 1. Individualized nutrition recommendations 2. Improved health outcomes 3. Reduced risk of chronic diseases 4. Improved quality of life
5892783d49702f2e01000004
Yes. Meis1 coordinates a network of genes implicated in eye development and microphthalmia. Haploinsufficiency of Meis1, which encodes a transcription factor with evolutionarily conserved expression in the embryonic trunk, brain and sensory organs, including the eye, causes microphthalmic traits and visual impairment i...
589206fc49702f2e01000003
Yes. There are methods for generating highly multiplexed ChIP-seq libraries.
5a9acd921d1251d03b000016
Crenezumab is undergoing phase III clinical trials.
6431f7de57b1c7a31500001b
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited, multisystemic disorder predominantly caused by GAA hyper expansion in intron 1 of the frataxin (FXN) gene
5178444e8ed59a060a000037
Although they may have other targets, human papillomavirus proteins E6 and E7 interact with and block the function of p53 and pRb, respectively, therefore deregulating cell cycle and leading to cellular transformation.
601f0d6f1cb411341a00006f
A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) is an inactive X chromosome in a cell with more than one X chromosome, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization, in species with XY sex-determination (including humans).
67e6d27518b1e36f2e0000d4
Zolbetuximab targets Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2), a member of claudin family, which is specifically expressed in gastric mucosal cells in normal tissue and often retained in gastric cancer cells. CLDN18.2 is also ectopically expressed in many other cancers, making it an optimal target for therapy. Studies have shown that zo...
56e0447a51531f7e3300000b
Contrary to earlier beliefs, viruses are not the smallest causative agents of infectious diseases. Single-stranded RNAs as small as 246 nucleotides exist in certain higher plants and cause more than a dozen crop diseases. These RNAs have been termed viroids. Viroids are plant subviral pathogens whose genomes are consti...
60490e321cb411341a000168
The human PYHIN proteins, AIM2, IFI16, IFIX, and MNDA, are critical regulators of immune response, transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a member of the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family with important roles in sensing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and assembling th...
5a896c26fcd1d6a10c000007
Among these patients, RPS19 was the most frequently mutated gene. It has been proven that defects of ribosomal proteins can lead to this disease and that RPS19 is the most frequently mutated gene in DBA patients. Mutations in the ribosomal protein S19 gene (RPS19) have been found in 25% of patients with Diamond-Blackfa...
6237a8343a8413c6530000b2
EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family.
64163568690f196b5100001b
Distal hotspot exons 47, 48 and 50 were the commonly deleted exons. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) exon 45-55 deletion (del45-55) has been postulated as a model that could treat up to 60% of DMD patients We confirmed that del45-55 segregates a high proportion of benign phenotypes, severe cases, and isolated cardiac ...
56c344abfedd0b786b000003
Super-enhancers differ from typical enhancers in size, transcription factor density and content, ability to activate transcription, and sensitivity to perturbation. Defined by their magnitude of size, transcription factor density, and binding of transcriptional machinery, super-enhancers have been associated with genes...
5e6e2c1e7fc1ee872b000002
Yes
58ce363b02b8c60953000046
The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes.
60290f741cb411341a00010b
Estrogens and progesterone control breast development and carcinogenesis via their cognate receptors expressed in a subset of luminal cells in the mammary epithelium. Both hormones induce the secreted protease Adamts18 in myoepithelial cells by controlling Wnt4 expression with consequent paracrine canonical Wnt signali...
6226317a3a8413c653000080
Ameloblastoma (AM) is a slow growing and aggressive benign tumor with an odontogenic epithelial origin arising from the mandible or maxilla.
680d5dd8353a4a2e6b000004
Yes, melatonin is found in human milk. It exhibits a 24-hour circadian rhythm, with significantly higher concentrations present in nighttime breast milk compared to daytime milk. Melatonin is secreted in breast milk starting from the early stages of lactation and plays a potential role in regulating circadian rhythms i...
531d3dc0267d7dd053000005
Currently cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not indicated in the pre-participation screening of athletes. However the potential of this imaging technique to provide new information on cardiac function morphology and myocardial composition, in particular with regard to myocardial fibrosis, gets it potentially suitab...
6060838e94d57fd879000042
R packages for lipidomics include: lipidr, masspix, lipidms, lipidr and lipid mini-on.
67fa3c5818b1e36f2e000109
BIONDA is a free text mining-based online database for molecular biomarkers, including genes, proteins, and miRNAs, and for all kinds of diseases. Studies implemented BIONDA as an intelligent system that extracts relevant information from biomedical texts and provides it as structured information to researchers in a us...
5e44bc4c48dab47f2600001b
Rogaratinib is a highly potent and selective small-molecule pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor (FGFR1-4) for oral application currently being investigated in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
6206bf3cc9dfcb9c0900003d
PD98059 is a specific, reversible MEK inhibitor.
662fbfc4187cba990d000010
Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced distal rectal cancer, as shown in an analysis comparing it with long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT). The study found that SCRT was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $133,495 per ...
58da14178acda34529000011
Robertsonian translocations (ROBs) are the most common chromosomal rearrangements in humans. ROBs are whole-arm rearrangements between the acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.
516d5bdf298dcd4e5100007a
alpha1- adrenergic signalling increases TRalpha1 expression in nucleus and decreases TRalpha1 expression in cytosol.
5cb0d647ecadf2e73f000059
The exposome is a novel conceptual framework that allows for concurrent examination of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including environmental exposures, as well as changes in exposures over time, to elucidate the complex environmental factors that affect health outcomes.
6026b0e01cb411341a0000ca
The deubiquitinase-encoding gene Cyld displays a dominant genetic linkage to a wide spectrum of skin-appendage tumors, which could be collectively designated as CYLD mutant-syndrome (CYLDm-syndrome). Despite recent advances, little is understood about the molecular mechanisms responsible for this painful and difficult-...
551c4ffc6b348bb82c000010
Yes, TNNI3K is highly expressed in heart but is undetectable in other tissues.
571e40a8bb137a4b0c000009
Complete and simultaneous deficiency of the organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 due to mutations in their corresponding genes, has been linked to Rotor syndrome.
6432fc0457b1c7a31500001f
Almost all cases of HAE are caused by mutations in the SERPING1 gene resulting in a deficiency in functional plasma C1 esterase inhibitor (C1EI), a serine protease inhibitor that normally inhibits proteases in the contact, complement, and fibrinolytic systems
5c97f579ecadf2e73f00002a
Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide well known for its strong regulatory effects throughout the body. Also known by the name of growth hormone inhibiting hormone, it is produced in many locations, which include the olfactory bulb, hair follicles, pancreas, retina, and central nervous system (CNS).
5162c8a8298dcd4e51000047
All known deadenylases belong to either the DEDD or the exonuclease–endonuclease–phosphatase (EEP) superfamily. Members of DEDD include the POP2, CAF1Z, PARN and PAN2 families. Members of EEP include the CCR4, Nocturnin, ANGEL and 2'-PDE families.
67e5541718b1e36f2e0000ab
Talquetamab is a bispecific antibody targeting the multiple myeloma-associated antigen G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D).
61f93cc7882a024a1000004c
No. Nerinetide did not improve the proportion of patients achieving good clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy compared with patients receiving placebo.
66150639fdcbea915f000047
The immediate treatment after a sexual assault includes ensuring the victim's safety and privacy, treating physical injuries, and preventing unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This may involve administering emergency contraception, prophylaxis for bacterial and viral STIs, and offering post-...
5541ffc3472cfd8617000004
The Ada O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a multifunctional protein, product of the ada gene. Ada functions in DNA repair by direct dealkylation of alkylated DNA lesions, such as the toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkG) and O4-alkylthymine (O4-AlkT) which are restored to guanine and thymi...
56d85e7751531f7e33000001
Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1) is a member of the SLC49 family.
58dcecf58acda34529000023
The components of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) in eukaryotes are: 1) Cdc6/Cdc18, 2) MCM, 3) ORC1-6, 4) Cdt1 and 5) Sap1/Gi.
5a8980d2fcd1d6a10c00000d
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the hallmark protein responsible for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT).
56e83a2342442bac75000001
Yes, integrins are a central family of extracellular matrix receptors.
58ca6d3902b8c6095300002c
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is associated with: 1) Waldmann's disease and 2) Hennekam syndrome (HS).
554140ad182542114d000003
mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins
6226335d3a8413c653000082
Luteolin has been reviewed as a flavonoid possessing potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activities.
660d6cc3fdcbea915f00003d
No, gout is not caused by hyperbilirubinemia. Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that develops due to hyperuricemia (elevated levels of uric acid in the blood). The buildup of uric acid can lead to the formation of urate crystals in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body, causing painful gout flares a...
5c928303ecadf2e73f000014
Cas13a was previously called C2c2.
56f96333cf1c325851000004
cystine disulfide bonds amide bonds hydrogen bonds
54f9c40ddd3fc62544000001
The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN).Dephosphorylation of NFAT by CaN is required for NFAT nuclear localization.
64184949690f196b51000039
Gene knock-down is a molecular biology technique used to reduce or inhibit the expression of a specific gene, allowing researchers to study its function and role in various biological processes. This is achieved by introducing small molecules, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which bi...
56b7210b76d8bf8d13000004
Thapsigargin is an endoplasmic stress inducer. It is a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor.
531a3fe3b166e2b806000038
Pregnant women are at increased risk for complications from pandemic influenza H1N1 virus infection. Pregnant women, because of their altered immunity and physiological adaptations, are at higher risk of developing pulmonary complications, especially in the second and third trimesters. Pregnancy, particularly during th...
5c561da707647bbc4b00000f
TmVar is a text mining approach for extracting sequence variants in biomedical literature. TmVar 2.0 integrates genomic variant information from literature with dbSNP and ClinVar for precision medicine.
5e36cf8eb5b409ea53000007
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC behaviour. A melanocyte umbrella above the kidney marrow protects HSPCs against ultraviolet light in zebrafish. The umbrella of melanocytes associated with the haematopoietic niche is hig...
58dd0dde8acda34529000027
Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents.
58a9d8a1396a458e50000005
Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial inner membrane is now available.
56c1f021ef6e394741000048
Galassi classification system is used to classify arachnoid cysts.
5c70273c7c78d69471000061
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), brain and kidney are the most frequently damaged organs. The heart is one of the most commonly damaged organs in SLE. Any part of the heart can be affected, including the pericardium, myocardium, coronary arteries, valves, and the conduction system
5a763b679e632bc066000006
LncRNAs play important roles in various biological processes. Although more than 58 000 human lncRNA genes have been discovered, most known lncRNAs are still poorly characterized. One approach to understanding the functions of lncRNAs is the detection of the interacting RNA target of each lncRNA. Because experimental d...
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BioASQ RAG 13B (Resplit)

Reshuffled version of DinoStackAI/bioasq-rag-13b for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG).

All original train, dev and test queries were merged, shuffled with seed 42, and reassigned using:

  1. 0.2 of all queries → test
  2. 0.2 of the remaining queries → dev
  3. the rest → train

The shared PubMed corpus is unchanged from the source dataset.

Structure

Subset Splits Description
corpus train (default) PubMed abstracts shared across all query splits
queries train, dev, test Biomedical questions
qrels train, dev, test Relevance judgments (query ↔ document)
answers train, dev, test Reference answers

Dataset statistics

Split Queries Corpus
train 3668 44183
dev 916 44183
test 1145 44183
  • Total queries merged: 5729
  • Test ratio: 0.2
  • Dev ratio (after test): 0.2
  • Random seed: 42

Schema

corpus

{"id": "24323361", "title": "...", "text": "..."}

queries

{"id": "...", "text": "..."}

qrels

{"query_id": "...", "corpus_id": "24323361", "score": 1}

answers

{"query_id": "...", "answer": "..."}

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

corpus = load_dataset("DinoStackAI/bioasq-rag-13b-resplit", "corpus")["train"]
queries = load_dataset("DinoStackAI/bioasq-rag-13b-resplit", "queries")
qrels = load_dataset("DinoStackAI/bioasq-rag-13b-resplit", "qrels")
answers = load_dataset("DinoStackAI/bioasq-rag-13b-resplit", "answers")

train_queries = queries["train"]
dev_qrels = qrels["dev"]
test_answers = answers["test"]

Citation

BioASQ data are distributed under CC BY 2.5. If you use this dataset, please cite the original BioASQ challenge papers:

Nentidis, A., G. Katsimpras, A. Krithara, and G. Paliouras, "Overview of BioASQ Tasks 13b and Synergy13 in CLEF2025", CLEF 2025 Working Notes, 2025.

George Tsatsaronis et al., "An overview of the BIOASQ large-scale biomedical semantic indexing and question answering competition", BMC bioinformatics, 2015.

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