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A 1-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She has no history of serious illness. She receives a vaccine in which a polysaccharide is conjugated to a carrier protein. Which of the following pathogens is the most likely target of this vaccine?
Choose one of the following:
A. Hepatitis A ... | Streptococcus pneumoniae | C |
A 50-year-old man comes to the physician for his annual health maintenance examination. The patient feels well. He has a history of hypertension, for which he currently takes lisinopril. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. He drinks 5–6 beers on weekends. He is 181 cm tall (5 ft 11 in), weighs 80 kg ... | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | C |
A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations. She says that she has been experiencing palpitations and lightheadedness for the past 6 months, but before this morning the episodes usually resolved on their own. The patient’s medical history is significant for a transient ischemia ... | Type II heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | C |
A 68-year-old man seeks evaluation at an office with a complaint of breathlessness of several months duration. He is able to do his daily tasks, but says that he is not as efficient as before. His breathlessness has been progressive with the recent onset of a dry cough. The past medical history is significant for a car... | Amiodarone | A |
An otherwise healthy 56-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-year history of recurrent upper abdominal pain and fullness that worsens after meals. Urea breath test is positive. An endoscopy shows diffuse mucosal atrophy and patchy erythema, but no ulcer. A biopsy from which of the following areas is most likely ... | Gastric antrum | B |
An 84-year-old man presents to the emergency department for a loss of consciousness. The patient states that he was using the bathroom when he lost consciousness and fell, hitting his head on the counter. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, factor V leiden, constipation, myocardia... | Situational syncope | D |
A 24-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with complaints of 2 days of profuse diarrhea. He states that his stool started to turn watery and lighter in color beginning yesterday, and he has not noticed any fevers. His diarrhea episodes have become more frequent and white-colored over the past day. He has ... | Increased cyclic AMP | B |
A 2-year-old girl presents with a rash on her body. Patient’s mother says she noticed the rash onset about 5 hours ago. For the previous 3 days, she says the patient has had a high fever of 39.0°C (102.2°F). Today the fever abruptly subsided but the rash appeared. Vitals are temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure ... | Roseola | C |
A 33-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a fever and fatigue. He states that he has not felt well since he returned from a hiking trip in Alabama. He is generally healthy and has no other medical conditions. His temperature is 101°F (38.3°C), blood pressure is 127/85 mmHg, pulse is 108/min, respirati... | Ehrlichiosis | A |
An 8-year-old boy presents with a 7-day history of fever and abdominal pain for the past 4 days. Past medical history is significant for an exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and recurrent attacks of pallor during the course of upper respiratory tract infections. His vital signs include: blood pressur... | Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency | B |
A 29-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife due to unusual behavior for the past week. She has noted several incidents when he spoke to her so fast that she could not understand what he was saying. She also says that one evening, he drove home naked after a night where he said he was ‘painting ... | Bipolar disorder, type I | C |
A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of palpitations and shortness of breath on exertion. He has no history of serious illness. He does not smoke or use illicit drugs. His pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 140/40 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a murmur al... | Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume | A |
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing pain in his right leg for 2 months. The pain persists throughout the day and is not relieved by rest. He tried taking acetaminophen, but it provided no relief from his symptoms. There is no family history of serious illness. He does not smoke. He occasional... | Impaired hearing | D |
A 57-year-old woman returns to her primary care provider complaining of fever, skin rash, and flank pain. She had just visited her PCP 2 weeks ago complaining of a sore throat and was diagnosed with pharyngitis. She was then given a 10 day prescription for phenoxymethylpenicillin. Today she is on day 6 of her prescript... | Discontinue the triggering medication(s) | B |
A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency department for fatigue and feeling off for the past week. He has not had any sick contacts and states that he can’t think of any potential preceding symptoms or occurrence to explain his presentation. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and conge... | Administer desmopressin | B |
A 6-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of drooling and excessive crying for 3 days. She calms down when cuddled or with a pacifier in her mouth. She feeds well and has no vomiting or diarrhea. She was breastfed exclusively for 5 months. She is given no medications and was born at 39 weeks gestation via ... | Eruption of mandibular incisors | B |
A 42-year-old G3P3003 presents to her gynecologist for an annual visit. She complains of urinary incontinence when jogging since the birth of her last child three years ago. Her periods are regular every 30 days. The patient also has cramping that is worse before and during her period but always present at baseline. Sh... | Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium | B |
An investigator is studying the effect of different cytokines on the growth and differentiation of B cells. The investigator isolates a population of B cells from the germinal center of a lymph node. After exposure to a particular cytokine, these B cells begin to produce an antibody that prevents attachment of pathogen... | Interleukin-5 | A |
An 11-year-old male presents to the pediatrician with his mother for evaluation of difficulty walking. His mother reports that the patient was walking normally until about a year ago, when he started to complain of weakness in his legs. He seems to be less steady on his feet than before, and he has fallen twice at home... | Trinucleotide (GAA) repeat expansion on chromosome 9 | D |
A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. He mentions that he had a cough, cold, and fever for the last 3 days and has taken an over-the-counter cold preparation. He is hypertensive and has had coronary artery disease for the last 7 years. His regular medicati... | Furosemide | C |
An investigator is studying DNA repair processes in an experimental animal. The investigator inactivates a gene encoding a protein that physiologically excises nucleotides from damaged, bulky, helix-distorting DNA strands. A patient with a similar defect in this gene is most likely to present with which of the followin... | Dry skin and increased photosensitivity | A |
A 32-year-old man presents to the physician with a history of fever, malaise, and arthralgia in the large joints for the last 2 months. He also mentions that his appetite has been significantly decreased during this period, and he has lost considerable weight. He also informs the physician that he often experiences tin... | Hepatitis B virus | A |
A 57-year-old nulliparous woman comes to the physician 2 weeks after noticing a lump in her right breast. Her last mammogram was performed 4 years ago and showed no abnormalities. Menopause began 2 years ago, during which time the patient was prescribed hormone replacement therapy for severe hot flashes and vaginal dry... | Core needle biopsy
" | D |
A 36-year-old woman is fasting prior to a religious ceremony. Her only oral intake in the last 36 hours has been small amounts of water. The metabolic enzyme that is primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood glucose in this patient is located exclusively within the mitochondria. An increase in which of the fol... | Acetyl coenzyme A | D |
A 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports that she has had frequent headaches and dizziness recently. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. Medications include... | Magnesium sulfate and labetalol therapy | A |
A 37-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being attacked with a knife. Physical examination shows a 4-cm laceration in the midline of the right forearm. An MRI of the right arm shows damage to a nerve that runs between the superficial and deep flexor digitorum muscles. Loss of sensation over which ... | Fingertip of the index finger | B |
A 55-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 24-hour history of severe lower abdominal pain. She has had two episodes of nonbloody vomiting today and has been unable to keep down food or fluids. She has not had a bowel movement since the day before. She has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoa... | CT scan of the abdomen with contrast | C |
A 26-year-old man is brought to the hospital by his wife who complains that her husband has been behaving oddly for the past few hours. The patient’s wife says that she has known him for only 4 months. The wife is unable to give any past medical history. The patient’s speech is difficult to follow, and he seems very di... | Dopamine receptor blocking | A |
A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and nausea for 1 week. Over the past six months, he has had to get up twice every night to urinate. Occasionally, he has had discomfort during urination. He has arterial hypertension. His father died of renal cell carcinoma. Current medications include ramipri... | Renal ultrasonography | C |
A 37-year-old woman presents to the clinic to discuss various options for contraception. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension, Wilson’s disease, and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome. The patient takes rivaroxaban and polyethylene glycol. The blood pressure is 152/98 mm Hg. On physical ex... | Levonorgestrel | A |
A 35-year-old female comes to the physician because of a 2-year history of progressive fatigue and joint pain. She has a 1-year history of skin problems and a 4-month history of episodic pallor of her fingers. She reports that the skin of her face, neck, and hands is always dry and itchy; there are also numerous “red s... | Lung cancer | C |
A pharmaceutical company is studying a new drug that inhibits the glucose transporter used by intestinal enterocytes to absorb glucose into the body. The drug was designed such that it would act upon the glucose transporter similarly to how cyanide acts upon cytochrome proteins. During pre-clinical studies, the behavio... | Unchanged Km and decreased Vmax | C |
A scientist in Chicago is studying a new blood test to detect Ab to the EBV virus with increased sensitivity and specificity. So far, her best attempt at creating such an exam reached 82% sensitivity and 88% specificity. She is hoping to increase these numbers by at least 2 percent for each value. After several years o... | 98% | D |
An 18-day-old newborn has difficulty feeding and diarrhea for 2 days. During this period he has vomited after each of his feeds. He was born at 28 weeks' gestation and weighed 1100-g (2-lb 7-oz). His feeds consist of breast milk and cow milk based-formula. He appears lethargic. His temperature is 36.4°C (97.5°F), pulse... | Necrotizing enterocolitis
" | D |
A 50-year-old man presents the emergency department for intense chest pain, profuse sweating, and shortness of breath. The onset of these symptoms was 3 hours ago. The chest pain began after a heated discussion with a colleague at the community college where he is employed. Upon arrival, he is found conscious and respo... | Subendocardial necrosis | B |
A 60-year-old man who was admitted for a fractured hip and is awaiting surgery presents with acute onset altered mental status. The patient is noted by the nurses to be shouting and screaming profanities and has already pulled out his IV and urine catheter. He says he believes he is being kept against his will and does... | Administer an Antipsychotic | A |
A 61-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of headache, nausea, blurred vision, and pain in the left eye. She has had similar symptoms in the past. Her vital signs are within normal limits. The left eye is red and is hard on palpation. The left pupil is mid-dilated and nonreactive... | Epinephrine | B |
A 28-year-old woman with a past history of type 1 diabetes presents to your office with a 2-week history of vaginal itching and soreness accompanied by a white, clumpy vaginal discharge which she says resembles cheese curds. Her last HbA1c from a month ago was 7.8%, and her last cervical cytology from 10 months ago was... | Hyphae | B |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for a routine medical examination. His medical history is relevant for delayed gross motor milestones. The mother is concerned about a growth delay because both of his brothers were twice his size at this age. Physical examination reveals a well-groomed and ... | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 | B |
A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of fever, chest pain, and a cough productive of a moderate amount of greenish-yellow sputum for 2 days. During this period, she has had severe malaise, chills, and difficulty breathing. She has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 d... | Inpatient treatment with azithromycin and cefotaxime | C |
A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency department after sustaining a stab wound to the neck at a local farmer's market. The patient is otherwise healthy and is complaining of pain. The patient is able to offer the history himself. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 120/84 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, ... | CT angiogram | A |
A 40-year-old man is physically and verbally abusive towards his wife and two children. When he was a child, he and his mother were similarly abused by his father. Which of the following psychological defense mechanisms is this man demonstrating?
Choose one of the following:
A. Identification
B. Distortion
C. Projectio... | Identification | A |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a progressive headache and neck pain for 2 weeks. During this period, he has had multiple episodes of dizziness and tingling sensations in his arms and hands. A year ago, he underwent closed reduction of a dislocated shoulder that he suffered after a fall. He unde... | Chiari II malformation | C |
A 65-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. She states that she has felt well lately and has no concerns. The patient has a 12-pack-year smoking history and has 3 drinks per week. She is retired and lives at home with her husband. She had a normal colonoscopy 8 years ago and mammo... | DEXA scan | A |
A 62-year-old man comes to the office complaining of dysphagia that started 4-5 months ago. He reports that he initially he had difficulty swallowing only solid foods. More recently, he has noticed some trouble swallowing liquids. The patient also complains of fatigue, a chronic cough that worsens at night, and burning... | Adenocarcinoma | A |
A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of decreased urine output, progressively worsening bilateral pedal edema, and fatigue. He has a 4-month history of persistent lower back pain. He has hypercholesterolemia and stable angina pectoris. Current medications include atorvastatin, aspirin, an... | Bone marrow biopsy | C |
A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a decline in his hearing that he noticed over the past week. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and was recently diagnosed with bladder cancer which is currently appropriately being treated. The patient is a hunter an... | Medication regimen | A |
A 38-year-old man presents with a 1-year history of resting tremor and clumsiness in his right hand. He says his symptoms are progressively worsening and are starting to interfere with his work. He has no significant past medical history and is not currently taking any medications. The patient denies any smoking histor... | Selegiline | B |
A 30-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of headaches. He states that over the past month he has been trying to study for an accounting exam, but he finds it increasingly more difficult to focus due to his headaches. He also complains of lower extremity muscle cramping. He has no significant... | Low plasma renin | D |
A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of intermittent lower abdominal cramps associated with diarrhea, bloating, and mild nausea. During this period, she has had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. She feels like she cannot fully empty her bowels. She has no history of serious illness. She has... | Crohn disease | D |
A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of right knee pain for 1 week. The pain began after the patient twisted her knee during basketball practice. At the time of the injury, she felt a popping sensation and her knee became swollen over the next few hours. The pain is exacerbated by walking up or... | Hyperintense line in the meniscus on MRI | A |
An investigator is studying nutritional deficiencies in humans. A group of healthy volunteers are started on a diet deficient in pantothenic acid. After 4 weeks, several of the volunteers develop irritability, abdominal cramps, and burning paresthesias of their feet. These symptoms are fully reversed after reintroducti... | Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | D |
A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She feels well. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. She has a history of bipolar disorder and hypothyroidism. She uses cocaine once a month and has a history of drinking alcohol excessiv... | Premature placental separation | C |
A 60-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of worsening shortness of breath over the past 2 days. Last week, she had a sore throat and a low-grade fever. She has coughed up white sputum each morning for the past 2 years. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has s... | Decreased urinary bicarbonate excretion | B |
A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of right-sided painless scrotal swelling that he noticed yesterday while taking a shower. He is currently sexually active with two female partners and uses condoms inconsistently. He immigrated to the US from Argentina 2 years ago. His immunization records are unavailabl... | Testicular tumor | D |
A 78-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-week history of productive cough, swelling of the legs and feet, and fatigue. He has had progressive dyspnea on exertion for the past 2 months. Twelve years ago, he received a porcine valve replacement for severe mitral valve regurgitation. He has ... | Valve degeneration | C |
A 22-year-old man volunteers for a research study on lung function. He has no history of lung disease or allergies and does not smoke. His pulmonary blood flow is measured in the various labeled segments of the lungs while standing. Then the volunteer, still standing, is given very low continuous positive airway pressu... | Reduced blood flow in zone 1 | A |
A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had her menstrual period for the past 4 months. During this period, she has had frequent headaches, difficulty sleeping, and increased sweating. She has not had any weight changes. Over the past year, menses occurred at irregular 30- to 45-day intervals wit... | Premature ovarian failure | C |
A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue and a change in his memory. The patient and his wife state that over the past several weeks the patient has been more confused and irritable and has had trouble focusing. He has had generalized and non-specific pain in his muscles and joints and is con... | Heavy metal exposure | B |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of a cough and mild shortness of breath for the past 12 hours. He has not had fever. He has been to the emergency department 4 times during the past 6 months for treatment of asthma exacerbations. His 9-month-old sister was treated for bronch... | Bronchoscopy | A |
A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department due to vomiting and weakness. He is attending a summer camp and was on a hike with the other kids and a camp counselor. His friends say that the boy skipped breakfast, and the counselor says he forgot to pack snacks for the kids during the hike. The child’s paren... | Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | B |
A 72-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son for an evaluation of cognitive decline. Her son reports that she has had increased difficulty finding her way back home for the last several months, despite having lived in the same city for 40 years. He also reports that his mother has been unable to recall th... | Generalized cerebral atrophy | C |
A 71-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He has occasional fatigue but otherwise feels well. He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He is a retired chemist. His only medication is ramipril. His temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 72/min, respirat... | Smudge cells | C |
A 71-year-old woman comes to the physician because of sudden loss of vision in her right eye for 15 minutes that morning, which subsided spontaneously. Over the past 4 months, she has had fatigue, a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss, and has woken up on several occasions at night covered in sweat. She has had frequent headache... | Thoracic aortic aneurysm | B |
A 3175-g (7-lb) female newborn is delivered at 37 weeks to a 26-year-old primigravid woman. Apgar scores are 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The pregnancy had been uncomplicated. The mother had no prenatal care. She immigrated to the US from Brazil 2 years ago. Immunization records are not available. One day ... | Congenital rubella infection | C |
A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination, accompanied by his daughter. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, for which he underwent radiation therapy. He moved to the area 1 month ago to be closer to his daughter but continues to live independently. He was recently ... | “I'm sorry, I can't discuss any information with you without his permission. I recommend that you have an open discussion with your father.” | B |
A 36-year-old man presents to a physician with the complaint of a dry cough for the last 2 months. He denies any nasal discharge, sneezing, nose congestion, blood in sputum, breathlessness, fever, or weight loss. He started smoking 2 years back. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.2°F), the heart rate is 88/min, the blood pr... | Lack of calcification | A |
A 17-year-old adolescent male is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after being struck by a moving vehicle. The patient reports that he was running through his neighborhood when a car struck him while turning right on a red light. He denies any loss of consciousness. His temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°... | Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam | A |
A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of a painless skin lesion on his neck. The lesion has gradually become darker in color. Sometimes it is itchy. He also noticed one similar lesion on his lower back. He is a retired gardener. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years.... | Seborrheic keratosis | C |
A 32-year-old woman presents with a severe headache and neck pain for the past 60 minutes. She says the headache was severe and onset suddenly like a ‘thunderclap’. She reports associated nausea, vomiting, neck pain, and stiffness. She denies any recent head trauma, loss of consciousness, visual disturbances, or focal ... | Labetalol | D |
A 10-day-old male newborn is brought to the physician by his mother because of difficulty feeding and frequent nonbilious vomiting. His stool is soft and yellow-colored. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios and results from chorionic villus sampling showed a 47, XY, +21 karyotype. Physical examination shows ... | Rotation of the ventral pancreatic bud | A |
An investigator studying viral replication isolates the genetic material of an unidentified virus strain. After exposing a cell culture to the isolated, purified viral genetic material, the cells begin to produce viral polymerase and subsequently replicate the viral genome. Infection with the investigated strain is mos... | Poliomyelitis | D |
A 2-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after having a seizure. He has had multiple seizures during the past week. His mother has noticed that he has become lethargic and has had a weak cry for the past month. He was born at 37 weeks' gestation. He is at the 20th percentile for height and 15... | Glucose 6-phosphatase | C |
A research group designed a study to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States. After a review of medical records, the investigators identified patients who were active cocaine users, but did not have a history of syphilis. They subsequently examined the patient's medical charts to determine whether... | Retrospective cohort study | D |
A 44-year-old woman presents with palpitations and lightheadedness. She says that symptoms onset 3 days ago and have not improved. She denies any similar episodes in this past. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, heart rate is 150/min, respiratory rate is 16/min, and temperature is 36.6℃ (97.9℉). An ECG is performed an... | Flecainide | A |
A 12-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother with complaints of clear nasal discharge and cough for the past 2 weeks. The mother says that her son has pain during swallowing. Also, the boy often complains of headaches with a mild fever. Although his mother gave him some over-the-counter medication, there wa... | Acute sinusitis | A |
A 28-year-old man presents to the office complaining of a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty opening his mouth for the past 5 days. He states that he had symptoms like this before and was given some antibiotics that made him feel better. He is up to date on his immunizations. On examination, his tempera... | Lemierre syndrome | A |
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. His blood pressure is 125/70 mm Hg. His glomerular filtration rate is calculated to be 105 mL/min/1.73 m2 and glucose clearance is calculated to be 103 mL/min. This patient is most likely being treated with which of th... | Canagliflozin | B |
A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child visit. His parents are concerned that he has not had his growth spurt yet. As a child, he was consistently in the 60th percentile for height; now he is in the 25th percentile. His classmates make fun of his height and high-pitched voice. His parents are als... | Kallmann syndrome | D |
A 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for follow-up of her glucose levels. At her last visit 3 months ago, her fasting serum glucose was 128 mg/dl. At that time, she was instructed to follow a weight loss regimen consisting of diet and exercise. Her family history is notable for a myocardial infarct... | Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis | D |
A 20-year-old male military recruit comes to the office with complaints of a fever and a non-productive cough that started 5 days ago. He also states having pain during swallowing. He has a mild headache and pain in his left ear. He does not have any relevant past medical history. His vitals include the following: bloo... | Mycoplasma pneumonia | B |
A healthy 29-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician for genetic counseling prior to conception. Her brother has a disease that has resulted in infertility, a right-sided heart, and frequent sinus and ear infections. No other family members are affected. The intended father has no history of this disease. The... | 0.2% | D |
A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 35 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of an episode of vaginal bleeding that morning. The bleeding has subsided. She has had no prenatal care. Her previous child was delivered with a caesarean section because of a breech presentation. Her temperature is... | Schedule elective cesarean delivery | D |
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of concerns about his behavior at school over the past year. He often leaves his seat and runs around the classroom, and has a hard time waiting for his turn. His teacher is also concerned. His behavior is a little better at home, but he frequently act... | Excessive talking | B |
A 35-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a neck mass and hoarseness. He has no history of major medical illness. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm fixed, irregular thyroid nodule. His serum calcitonin concentration is elevated. The nodule is most likely comprised of cells that are embryologically de... | Lateral endodermal anlage | C |
A 45-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for the evaluation of abnormal sleep patterns that began 10 days ago. She reports that he has only been sleeping 2–3 hours nightly during this time and has been jogging for long periods of the night on the treadmill. The patient has also been excessively talkati... | Valproate | B |
A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of hematuria and bilateral flank pain. He has passed urinary stones twice before and has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. He reports no recent trauma. His father had a history of kidney failure and underwent a kidney transplant. His temperature... | Cerebral saccular aneurysm | D |
A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of fatigue and difficulty swallowing. During this period, she has also had dry skin, thinning hair, and rounding of her face. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. Her father had a thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid... | Positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies in serum | D |
An investigator is studying the effects of drugs on the cardiac action potential. Cardiomyocytes are infused with a pharmacological agent and incubated for 5 minutes, after which the action potential is registered on a graph in real time for 2 minutes. The black line represents an action potential following the infusio... | Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels | C |
A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because of paresthesias and weakness in her left leg for one year. Her symptoms have become progressively worse during this period and have led to some difficulty walking for the past month. She has had frequent headaches for the past 4 months. She has a history of hypertensio... | Surgical resection | A |
A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of numbness in his left lower extremity. One month ago, he sustained a fracture of the neck of the left fibula during soccer practice that was treated with immobilization in a plaster cast. Physical examination of the left lower extremity is most like... | Impaired dorsiflexion of the foot | A |
A 56-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of slurred speech and left facial droop for the past 30 minutes. During this period, she has also had numbness on the left side of her face. She has never had such an episode before. She has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 ... | Transient ischemic attack | C |
A 67-year-old man presents with pain in both legs. He says the pain is intermittent in nature and has been present for approx. 6 months. The pain increases with walking, especially downhill, and prolonged standing. It is relieved by lying down and leaning forward. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes... | MRI of the spine | D |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 4-week history of generalized fatigue and malaise. He was born at term and has been healthy since. His mother has a history of recurrent anemia. He appears pale. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F) and pulse is 97/min. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and jaundi... | Eosin-5-maleimide binding test | B |
A 47-year-old man is admitted to the emergency room after a fight in which he was hit in the head with a hammer. The witnesses say that the patient initially lost consciousness, but regained consciousness by the time emergency services arrived. On admission, the patient complained of a diffuse headache. He opened his e... | Administration of levetiracetam | A |
A 32-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a general wellness appointment. The patient has no complaints currently and just wants to be sure that she is in good health. The patient has a past medical history of asthma, hypertension, and anxiety. Her current medications include albuterol, fluticasone... | Ultrasound with doppler | C |
A 57-year-old man presents with fever and yellow discoloration of the skin for the past 4 days. He denies any recent weight loss or changes in urine or stool color. His past medical history is unremarkable. He admits to drinking about 130 g/day of alcohol and says he has been doing so for the past 25 years. His wife wh... | Mallory-Denk bodies | C |
A 43-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of fever and night sweats over the past 15 days. During this period, he has also had headaches and generalized weakness. He has no cough or shortness of breath. He has hypertension controlled with lisinopril and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral thera... | Pulmonary embolism | A |
A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 4-month history of lethargy. She has had joint pain for the past 15 years and does not have a primary care physician. Her temperature is 37.4°C (99.3°F), pulse is 97/min, and blood pressure is 132/86 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pallor of the oral mucosa and nonten... | Anti-CCP antibody | A |
A 42-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician with 2 days of fever and malaise. She also says that she has a painful red lesion on her left hand that she noticed after shucking oysters at a recent family reunion. Physical exam reveals a well-demarcated swollen, tender, warm, red lesion on her left hand. Press... | Gram-negative facultative anaerobe | C |
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