README.md

---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- image-segmentation
- image-classification
language:
- en
pretty_name: SwissCrop25
size_categories:
- 10M<n<100M
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: metadata/crop_classes.csv
---

# SwissCrop25

A national benchmark dataset for operational crop mapping in Switzerland, providing Sentinel-2
time series, daily temperature data, and parcel-level crop type labels across seven growing
seasons (2019–2025).

Introduced in: **SwissCrop25: A National Multi-Year Benchmark for Operational Crop Mapping**
(TerraBytes II Workshop, ECCV 2026) — [[Paper]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09497) [[Code]](https://github.com/thomaslauber/SwissCrop25) [[Team]](https://www.eoa-team.net/)

![Dataset overview](./assets/SwissCrop25_overview.png)

## Highlights

- 🗺️ Nationwide coverage of Switzerland (41,285 km²)
- 🌱 65 crop classes + 5 non-crop land cover classes
- 🛰️ Sentinel-2 L2A time series (10 bands, 10 m resolution)
- 🌡️ Daily cumulative growing degree day (GDD) time series
- 📅 Seven growing seasons (2019–2025)
- 📦 >12.6 million labelled parcel-years across 163,185 image cubes
- 🧩 128 × 128 pixel cubes at 10 m (1.28 km × 1.28 km)
- 📐 HCAT4-compatible taxonomy (EuroCrops-compatible)

## Getting Started

```python
import webdataset as wds

dataset = (
    wds.WebDataset("https://huggingface.co/datasets/EOA-team/SwissCrop25/resolve/main/sentinel2/2021/2021_{001..120}.tar")
    .decode()
)
```

For indexed access via Kerchunk or full documentation on data structure, splits, and loading
utilities, see the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/thomaslauber/SwissCrop25).

## Benchmarks

Results under the five-fold LOYO protocol (mean ± std across splits):

| Model | OA (%) | GIoU (%) | mIoU (%) | mF1 (%) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| U-TAE | 77.7 ± 1.5 | 63.5 ± 2.0 | 35.8 ± 2.3 | 45.7 ± 2.4 |
| TSViT | 77.1 ± 1.2 | 62.7 ± 1.6 | 48.1 ± 2.7 | 60.7 ± 2.5 |
| Galileo-nano (FT) | 72.9 ± 1.3 | 57.4 ± 1.6 | 30.4 ± 2.2 | 41.1 ± 2.5 |

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{lauber2026swisscrop25nationalmultiyearbenchmark,
  title         = {SwissCrop25: A National Multi-Year Benchmark for Operational Crop Mapping},
  author        = {Thomas Lauber and Mehmet Ozgur Turkoglu and Sélène Ledain and Helge Aasen},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2608.09497},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass  = {cs.CV},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09497}
}
```

## License

Released under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

You may share and adapt the data, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate
credit as described below.

## Attribution

When using this dataset, please cite:

- Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 data 2019–2025, processed by Agroscope.
- Contains data from MeteoSwiss (Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology), Open Government Data.
- Contains cantonal agricultural land-use data (Nutzungsflächen / Surfaces d'utilisation /
  Superfici d'utilizzazione) from all 26 Swiss cantons (AG, AI, AR, BE, BL, BS, FR, GE, GL, GR,
  JU, LU, NE, NW, OW, SG, SH, SO, SZ, TG, TI, UR, VD, VS, ZG, ZH), obtained via
  [geodienste.ch](https://www.geodienste.ch/services/lwb_nutzungsflaechen), snapshot dates
  2019–2025. Cantons with specific attribution requirements:
  - `Quelle: Nutzungsflächen, Kanton Graubünden`
  - `Fonte: Amministrazione cantonale - Canton Ticino`
  - `Source: Géodonnées Etat de Vaud`
  - `Kanton St.Gallen`
  - `Kanton Nidwalden, Amt für Landwirtschaft`
  - `Kanton Obwalden, Amt für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt`

## Disclaimer

Data provided as is, without warranty. Not for navigation or legally-binding use. Contains no
personal or farm-identifying attributes.

## Contact

- Thomas Lauber — thomas.lauber@agroscope.admin.ch
- Helge Aasen — helge.aasen@agroscope.admin.ch
- [Earth Observation of Agroecosystems Team, Agroscope](https://www.eoa-team.net/)