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36,552 | 1 | As many of the employees hide\1 Dwight enlists the help of Creed \1Creed Bratton\1 to expel the bat\1 Jim Halpert \1John Krasinski\1 exploits Dwight 's paranoia\1 and pretends that he is turning into a vampire\1 Dwight eventually catches the bat with a garbage bag after it lands on Meredith 's head\1 | [
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36,553 | 0 | Pam Beesly \1Jenna Fischer\1\1 in the meantime\1 invites her co-workers to her art show after work\1 but few show any enthusiasm\1 leaving her feeling alienated and sad\1 | [
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36,553 | 1 | The art show doesn 't go as planned\1 and she begins to doubt her abilities\ | [
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36,553 | 2 | 1 When Oscar Martinez \1Oscar Nunez\1 shows up with his partner Gil\1 they critique her art\1 and note that Pam 's art has been let down by her lack of courage\1 not realizing that she is standing right behind them\1 | [
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36,553 | 3 | As she begins to take her work down\1 Michael appears and\1 in a moment of sincere kindness\1 compliments her work and asks to buy her drawing of the office building\1 Pam embraces him as her eyes tear up\1 Michael soon places Pam 's drawing on the wall next to his office\ | [
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36,557 | 1 | In an interview featured on the third season DVD\1 Whedon joked that the " Business School " episode and his former TV show were very similar because " Buffy [\1..\1 was sad and depressing but\1.. it was funny\1 Especially when people died\1 | [
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36,557 | 2 | And a lot of people do die in \1' Business School '\1\1 " But upon completing the episode\1 Whedon stated " | [
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36,557 | 4 | But that 's how that happened\1 God\1 it was fun\1 " Whedon stated that he was surprised with the amount of input he was allowed with the script\1 " I wouldn 't say freedom to do things with it\1.. But way more input was asked for than I would have ever anticipated\1 " At Pam 's art show\1 the pieces which she was supposed to have painted didn 't suit Whedon\1 " I got to the set and saw Pam 's art\1 and I was like\1 ' This is not right\1 ' " Whedon said that he held up filming for over an hour until the staff was able create new pieces of art\1 | [
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36,558 | 0 | For the scenes which involved filming with a bat\1 the production team used an actual bat\1 an animated bat\1 and a mechanical bat\1 | [
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36,558 | 1 | When around the actual bat\1 Kate Flannery\1 who portrays Meredith Palmer\1 stated that " we had to be extremely quiet around \1it\1\1 basically pretending to scream\1 " California State University\1 Northridge served as the backdrop for Ryan 's business school and the art show\1 | [
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36,562 | 1 | He gave the episode a 9 @.@ 1 out of 10\1 Abby West\1 of Entertainment Weekly\1 stated that " | [
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36,562 | 2 | This show has always been able to turn on a dime and take the comedy to a soul-stirring dramatic climax with just the lightest of touches\1 and last night was no different\1 " West went on to praise Michael and Pam 's scene at the art show as one of these moments\1 | [
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36,567 | 0 | M-81 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan\1 | [
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36,567 | 1 | The trunkline travels from the city of Saginaw at the junction with M-13 to the junction with M-53 east of Cass City over the county line in Greenleaf Township in northwestern Sanilac County in The Thumb area of the state\1 Outside of the cities and villages along its route\1 M-81 passes through mostly rural farm country\ | [
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36,567 | 2 | 1 Near Saginaw it intersects the freeway that carries both Interstate 75 \1I-75\1 and US Highway 23 \1US 23\1 in an industrial area\1 | [
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36,568 | 0 | A road bearing the M-81 designation has existed since at least July 1\1 1919\1 when the state initially numbered its trunkline highways\1 Since that time\1 it has been extended\1 rerouted or shortened several times\1 | [
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36,568 | 2 | The last change was the construction of a pair of roundabouts at the I-75 / US 23 interchange in 2006\1 | [
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36,570 | 0 | ## \1 | [
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36,572 | 0 | M-81 starts at a junction with M-13\1 with the two directions of each highway separated by a median\1 | [
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36,572 | 1 | This central feature ends for M-81 immediately east of the intersection as the highway runs east out of Saginaw\1 | [
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36,572 | 2 | The trunkline follows Washington Road easterly through residential subdivisions to an interchange with I-75 / US 23 in an industrial area of Buena Vista Township\1 | [
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36,572 | 3 | This interchange\1 exit 151 along the freeway\1 is built with roundabouts on either side of the bridge that carries Washington Road over the freeway in a variant of the diamond interchange design called a dumbbell interchange\1 | [
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36,572 | 4 | After leaving the industrial properties on the east side of I-75 / US 23\1 M-81 follows Washington Road through a mixture of farm fields and residential subdivisions\ | [
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36,572 | 5 | 1 North of the community of Arthur\1 the highway intersects M-15 \1Vassar Road\1\1 Further east\1 M-81 crosses out of Saginaw County\1 across the border in Tuscola County\1 the highway follows Saginaw Road\1 | [
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"O",
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"B-GPE",
... |
36,573 | 0 | In the village of Reese\1 M-81 crosses the Huron and Eastern Railway twice\1 East of town\1 the highway follows Caro Road through more farm fields through the community of Watrousville\1 Near the south side of the Tuscola Area Airport\1 M-81 turns to the northeast running along the Cass River to Caro\1 | [
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... |
36,573 | 1 | In the city\1 the trunkline follows State Street past the fairgrounds\1 | [
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] |
36,573 | 2 | At the intersection with Ellington Street\1 M-81 crosses M-24\1 | [
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] |
36,573 | 3 | The highway continues northeasterly out of town and through the community of Ellington\1 Northeast of Elmwood\1 M-81 turns due east along Cass City Road\1 | [
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36,573 | 4 | The trunkline runs to the village of Cass City where it follows Main Street through residential neighborhoods and the central business district\1 East of Cass City\1 the highway crosses the Cass River before crossing the county line into Sanilac County\1 Approximately one mile \11 @.@ 6 km\1 into the county\1 M-81 ends at the intersection with M-53 \1Van Dyke Road\1\1 | [
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... |
36,574 | 0 | M-81 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation \1MDOT\1 like other state highways in Michigan\1 | [
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36,574 | 1 | As a part of these maintenance responsibilities\1 the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,574 | 2 | These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic\1 which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway\1 MDOT 's surveys in 2010 showed that the highest traffic levels along M-81 were the 17 @,@ 839 vehicles daily between Van Gelsen Road and Frank Street in Caro\1 the lowest counts were the 3 @,@ 527 vehicles per day east of Cass City to the M-53 intersection\1 No sections of M-81 have been listed on the National Highway System\1 a network of roads important to the country 's economy\1 defense\1 and mobility\1 | [
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"B-FAC... |
36,576 | 0 | ## \1 | [
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] | [
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36,578 | 0 | When originally signed around July 1\1 1919\1 M-81 ran from Bay City southeast and east to the Munger area\1 from there it ran south concurrently with M-31 to the Reese area before running northeasterly to the east of Cass City to M-53\1 | [
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... |
36,578 | 1 | By 1921\1 the eastern end was extended southerly from Caro to Mayville along a highway that is now part of M-24\1 | [
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] |
36,578 | 2 | In late 1926\1 the western end was changed so that M-81 followed the former M-31 from Reese into Saginaw and the eastern end was rerouted from Caro northeasterly to the Cass City area\1 | [
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"B-GP... |
36,578 | 3 | With the exception of the routing through downtown Saginaw\1 the highway followed the approximate routing of the current highway\ | [
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36,578 | 4 | 1 | [
"1"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"NUM"
] | [
"LS"
] | [
0
] | [
"root"
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36,579 | 0 | In the latter half of 1929\1 the highway was rerouted between Saginaw and Reese\1 using a set of parallel roadways to the south of the previous routing\1 this change was reversed in 1933\1 M-81 was fully paved when the last section between Ellington and Elmwood in Tuscola County was finished in late 1946 or early 1947\1 | [
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"... |
36,580 | 0 | Starting in 1953\1 the westernmost approximately one mile \11 @.@ 6 km\1 of M-81 was also used for a US 23 concurrency\1 | [
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] |
36,580 | 1 | When the bypass of Saginaw was completed in late 1961\1 M-81 was extended along M-13 southwesterly into downtown Saginaw where it turned west across the Saginaw River to Midland Road west of the city\1 | [
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... | [
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... |
36,580 | 2 | This routing across the city was removed in 1971 when I-675 was completed\1 west of that freeway the highway became M-58\1 the rest was either removed from the highway system and turned back to local control\1 or it had the M-81 designation removed\1 Since this truncation\1 M-81 has ended at its junction with M-13 north of downtown Saginaw\1 In 2006\1 MDOT completed the reconstruction of the interchange between M-81 and I-75 / US to incorporate a pair of roundabouts along Washington Road\1 | [
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... |
36,582 | 0 | ## \1 | [
"##",
"\\1"
] | [
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] | [
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] | [
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"NFP"
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0,
1
] | [
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] |
36,586 | 0 | # \1 | [
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] | [
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"\\1"
] | [
"SYM",
"SYM"
] | [
"NN",
"NFP"
] | [
0,
1
] | [
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] | [
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] |
36,588 | 0 | The common starling \1Sturnus vulgaris\1\1 also known as the European starling\1 or in the British Isles just the starling\1 is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family\ | [
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] |
36,588 | 1 | 1 Sturnidae\1 | [
"1",
"Sturnidae\\1"
] | [
"1",
"Sturnidae\\1"
] | [
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] | [
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] | [
2,
0
] | [
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] | [
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"O"
] |
36,588 | 2 | It is about 20 cm \18 in\1 long and has glossy black plumage with a metallic sheen\1 which is speckled with white at some times of year\1 | [
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] |
36,588 | 3 | The legs are pink and the bill is black in winter and yellow in summer\1 young birds have browner plumage than the adults\1 | [
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] |
36,588 | 4 | It is a noisy bird\1 especially in communal roosts and other gregarious situations\1 with an unmusical but varied song\1 | [
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14,
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"O",
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"O",
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] |
36,588 | 5 | Its gift for mimicry has been noted in literature including the Mabinogion and the works of Pliny the Elder and William Shakespeare\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
"B-PERSON",
"I-PERSON",
"E-PERSON",
"O",
"B-PERSON",
"E-PERSON"
] |
36,589 | 0 | The common starling has about a dozen subspecies breeding in open habitats across its native range in temperate Europe and western Asia\1 and it has been introduced to Australia\1 New Zealand\1 Canada\1 United States\1 Mexico\1 Peru\1 Argentina\1 the Falkland Islands\1 Brazil\1 Chile\1 Uruguay\1 South Africa and Fiji\1 | [
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47,
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52,
53,
54,
... | [
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36,589 | 1 | This bird is resident in southern and western Europe and southwestern Asia\1 while northeastern populations migrate south and west in winter within the breeding range and also further south to Iberia and North Africa\1 | [
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"S-GPE",
"O",
"B-GPE",
"E-GPE"
] |
36,589 | 2 | The common starling builds an untidy nest in a natural or artificial cavity in which four or five glossy\1 pale blue eggs are laid\1 | [
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23,
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] |
36,589 | 3 | These take two weeks to hatch and the young remain in the nest for another three weeks\1 | [
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] |
36,589 | 4 | There are normally one or two breeding attempts each year\1 | [
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] |
36,589 | 5 | This species is omnivorous\1 taking a wide range of invertebrates\1 as well as seeds and fruit\1 | [
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
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] |
36,589 | 6 | It is hunted by various mammals and birds of prey\1 and is host to a range of external and internal parasites\ | [
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"O"
] |
36,589 | 7 | 1 | [
"1"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"NUM"
] | [
"LS"
] | [
0
] | [
"root"
] | [
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,590 | 0 | Large flocks typical of this species can be beneficial to agriculture by controlling invertebrate pests\1 however\1 starlings can also be pests themselves when they feed on fruit and sprouting crops\1 Common starlings may also be a nuisance through the noise and mess caused by their large urban roosts\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"... |
36,590 | 1 | Introduced populations in particular have been subjected to a range of controls\1 including culling\1 but these have had limited success except in preventing the colonisation of Western Australia\1 | [
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36,590 | 2 | The species has declined in numbers in parts of northern and western Europe since the 1980s due to fewer grassland invertebrates being available as food for growing chicks\1 Despite this\1 its huge global population is not thought to be declining significantly\1 so the common starling is classified as being of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature\1 | [
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"... |
36,592 | 0 | ## \1 | [
"##",
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] | [
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36,594 | 0 | The common starling was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758 under its current binomial name\1 Sturnus and vulgaris are derived from the Latin for " starling " and " common " respectively\1 The Old English staer\1 later stare\1 and the Latin sturnus are both derived from an unknown Indo-European root dating back to the second millennium BC\1 " Starling " was first recorded in the 11th century\1 when it referred to the juvenile of the species\1 but by the 16th century it had already largely supplanted " stare " to refer to birds of all ages\1 | [
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"O"... |
36,594 | 1 | The older name is referenced in William Butler Yeats ' poem " The Stare 's Nest by My Window "\1 The International Ornithological Congress ' preferred English vernacular name is common starling\1 | [
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"I... |
36,595 | 0 | The starling family\1 Sturnidae\1 is an entirely Old World group apart from introductions elsewhere\1 with the greatest numbers of species in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa\1 | [
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36,595 | 1 | The genus Sturnus is polyphyletic and relationships between its members are not fully resolved\1 | [
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] |
36,595 | 2 | The closest relation of the common starling is the spotless starling\1 | [
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"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,595 | 3 | The non-migratory spotless starling may be descended from a population of ancestral S. vulgaris that survived in an Iberian refugium during an ice age retreat\1 and mitochondrial gene studies suggest that it could be considered as a subspecies of the common starling\1 | [
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] |
36,595 | 4 | There is more genetic variation between common starling populations than between nominate common starling and spotless starling\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O"
] |
36,595 | 5 | Although common starling remains are known from the Middle Pleistocene\1 part of the problem in resolving relationships in the Sturnidae is the paucity of the fossil record for the family as a whole\ | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O"
] |
36,595 | 6 | 1 | [
"1"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"NUM"
] | [
"LS"
] | [
0
] | [
"root"
] | [
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,597 | 0 | ### \1 | [
"###",
"\\1"
] | [
"###",
"\\1"
] | [
"SYM",
"SYM"
] | [
"NFP",
"NFP"
] | [
0,
1
] | [
"root",
"discourse"
] | [
"O",
"O"
] |
36,599 | 0 | There are several subspecies of the common starling\1 which vary clinally in size and the colour tone of the adult plumage\1 | [
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"subspecies",
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"1"
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0,
4,
2,
9,
9,
9,
9,
4,
11,
9,
11,
14,
11,
18,
18,
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4,
22,
22,
22,
18,
2,
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O"
] |
36,599 | 1 | The gradual variation over geographic range and extensive intergradation means that acceptance of the various subspecies varies between authorities\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,600 | 0 | Subspecies | [
"Subspecies"
] | [
"subspecies"
] | [
"NOUN"
] | [
"NNS"
] | [
0
] | [
"root"
] | [
"O"
] |
36,601 | 0 | Birds from Fair Isle\1 St Kilda and the Outer Hebrides are intermediate in size between S. v. zetlandicus and the nominate form\1 and their subspecies placement varies according to the authority\1 | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,601 | 1 | The dark juveniles typical of these island forms are occasionally found in mainland Scotland and elsewhere\1 indicating some gene flow from faroensis or zetlandicus\1 subspecies formerly considered to be isolated\1 | [
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... | [
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3,
11,
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0,
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17,
17,
18,
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21,
21,
18,
27,
27,
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26,
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21,
29,
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32,
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29,
34,
29
] | [
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... | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O"
] |
36,602 | 0 | Several other subspecies have been named\1 but are generally no longer considered valid\1 | [
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"been",
"named",
"\\1",
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] | [
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] | [
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3,
6,
6,
6,
0,
6,
13,
13,
13,
12,
13,
6,
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6
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"O",
"O"
] |
36,602 | 1 | Most are intergrades that occur where the ranges of various subspecies meet\1 | [
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] |
36,602 | 2 | These include\1 S. v. ruthenus Menzbier\1 1891 and S. v. jitkowi Buturlin\1 1904\1 which are intergrades between vulgaris and poltaratskyi from western Russia\1 S. v. graecus Tschusi\1 1905 and S. v. balcanicus Buturlin and Harms\1 1909\1 intergrades between vulgaris and tauricus from the southern Balkans to central Ukraine and throughout Greece to the Bosporus\1 and S. v. heinrichi Stresemann\1 1928\1 an intergrade between caucasicus and nobilior in northern Iran\1 S. v. persepolis Ticehurst\1 1928 from southern Iran 's \1Fars Province\1 is very similar to S. v. vulgaris\1 and it is not clear whether it is a distinct resident population or simply migrants from southeastern Europe\1 | [
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... |
36,604 | 0 | ## \1 | [
"##",
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] | [
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] | [
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] | [
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36,606 | 0 | The common starling is 19 – 23 cm \17 @.@ 5 – 9 @.@ 1 in\1 long\1 with a wingspan of 31 – 44 cm \112 – 17 in\1 and a weight of 58 – 101 g \12 @.@ 0 – 3 @.@ 6 oz\1\1 Among standard measurements\1 the wing chord is 11 @.@ 8 to 13 @.@ 8 cm \14 @.@ 6 to 5 @.@ 4 in\1\1 the tail is 5 @.@ 8 to 6 @.@ 8 cm \12 @.@ 3 to 2 @.@ 7 in\1\1 the culmen is 2 @.@ 5 to 3 @.@ 2 cm \10 @.@ 98 to 1 @.@ 26 in\1 and the tarsus is 2 @.@ 7 to 3 @.@ 2 cm \11 @.@ 1 to 1 @.@ 3 in\1\1 | [
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... |
36,606 | 1 | The plumage is iridescent black\1 glossed purple or green\1 and spangled with white\1 especially in winter\1 | [
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] |
36,606 | 2 | The underparts of adult male common starlings are less spotted than those of adult females at a given time of year\1 | [
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] |
36,606 | 3 | The throat feathers of males are long and loose and are used in display while those of females are smaller and more pointed\1 | [
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36,606 | 4 | The legs are stout and pinkish- or greyish-red\1 | [
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] |
36,606 | 5 | The bill is narrow and conical with a sharp tip\1 in the winter it is brownish-black but in summer\1 females have lemon yellow beaks while males have yellow bills with blue-grey bases\1 | [
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"obj",... | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,606 | 6 | Moulting occurs once a year- in late summer after the breeding season has finished\1 the fresh feathers are prominently tipped white \1breast feathers\1 or buff \1wing and back feathers\1\1 which gives the bird a speckled appearance\1 | [
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... | [
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O... |
36,606 | 7 | The reduction in the spotting in the breeding season is achieved through the white feather tips largely wearing off\1 Juveniles are grey-brown and by their first winter resemble adults though often retaining some brown juvenile feathering\1 especially on the head\1 | [
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... | [
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... | [
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"cop",
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"punct",
"conj",
"cc",
"case",
"nmod:poss",
"amod",
... | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-ORDINAL",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O"
] |
36,606 | 8 | They can usually be sexed by the colour of the irises\1 rich brown in males\1 mouse-brown or grey in females\1 Estimating the contrast between an iris and the central always-dark pupil is 97 % accurate in determining sex\1 rising to 98 % if the length of the throat feathers is also considered\1 | [
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"... | [
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... | [
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5,
5,
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8,
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39,
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43,
43,
42,
43,
27,
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43,
45,
46,
50,
50,
47,
60,
53,
60,
57,
57,
... | [
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"... | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
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"O",
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"B-PERCENT",
"E-PERCENT",... |
36,606 | 9 | The common starling is mid-sized by both starling standards and passerine standards\1 | [
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] | [
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5,
5,
0,
9,
9,
9,
5,
12,
12,
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14,
5
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] | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL"
] |
36,606 | 10 | It is readily distinguished from other mid-sized passerines\1 such as thrushes\1 icterids or small corvids\1 by its relatively short tail\1 sharp\1 blade-like bill\1 round-bellied shape and strong\1 sizeable \1and rufous-coloured\1 legs\1 | [
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"A... | [
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... | [
4,
4,
4,
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8,
8,
8,
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13,
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15,
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36,
34,
37,
19,
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41,
37,
37,
42,
48,
48,
48,
48,
37
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"nmod:poss",
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"amod",
"compound",
"compound",
"amod",
"compound",
"compoun... | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"S-CARDINAL",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"S-CARDINAL",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",... |
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