| ## Page 1 | |
| 272 | |
| TEX Quotes | |
| TEX is a typesetting language developed by Donald Knuth. It takes source text together with a few | |
| typesetting instructions and produces, one hopes, a beautiful document. Beautiful documents use “ | |
| and ” to delimit quotations, rather than the mundane " which is what is provided by most keyboards. | |
| Keyboards typically do not have an oriented double-quote, but they do have a left-single-quote ` and | |
| a right-single-quote '. | |
| Check your keyboard now to locate the left-single-quote key ` (sometimes | |
| called the “backquote key”) and the right-single-quote key ' (sometimes called the “apostrophe” or just | |
| “quote”). Be careful not to confuse the left-single-quote ` with the “backslash” key \. TEX lets the user | |
| type two left-single-quotes `` to create a left-double-quote “ and two right-single-quotes '' to create | |
| a right-double-quote ”. Most typists, however, are accustomed to delimiting their quotations with the | |
| un-oriented double-quote ". | |
| If the source contained | |
| "To be or not to be," quoth the bard, "that is the question." | |
| then the typeset document produced by TEX would not contain the desired form: | |
| “To be or not to be,” quoth the bard, “that is the question.” | |
| In order to produce the desired form, the source file must contain the sequence: | |
| ``To be or not to be,'' quoth the bard, ``that is the question.'' | |
| You are to write a program which converts text containing double-quote (") characters into text | |
| that is identical except that double-quotes have been replaced by the two-character sequences required | |
| by TEX for delimiting quotations with oriented double-quotes. The double-quote (") characters should | |
| be replaced appropriately by either `` if the " opens a quotation and by '' if the " closes a quotation. | |
| Notice that the question of nested quotations does not arise: The first " must be replaced by ``, the | |
| next by '', the next by ``, the next by '', the next by ``, the next by '', and so on. | |
| Input | |
| Input will consist of several lines of text containing an even number of double-quote (") characters. | |
| Input is ended with an end-of-file character. | |
| Output | |
| The text must be output exactly as it was input except that: | |
| • the first " in each pair is replaced by two ` characters: `` and | |
| • the second " in each pair is replaced by two ' characters: ''. | |
| Sample Input | |
| "To be or not to be," quoth the Bard, "that | |
| is the question". | |
| The programming contestant replied: "I must disagree. | |
| To `C' or not to `C', that is The Question!" | |
| ## Page 2 | |
| Sample Output | |
| ``To be or not to be,'' quoth the Bard, ``that | |
| is the question''. | |
| The programming contestant replied: ``I must disagree. | |
| To `C' or not to `C', that is The Question!'' |