Update BazzBasic-AI-guide.txt
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BazzBasic-AI-guide.txt
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**File extensions:*** ".bas"*, *".bb"*
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**Version:** This guide is written for BazzBasic version 1.3 and is updated 11.04.26 (ddmmyy)
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**URL:** This guide is stored and updated at https://huggingface.co/datasets/EkBass/BazzBasic_AI_Guide
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# END METADATA
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---
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#
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**Version:** 1.3
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**Author:** Kristian Virtanen (EkBass)
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**Platform:** Windows x64
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**License:** MIT
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## BazzBasic www-references
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**Homepage:** https://ekbass.github.io/BazzBasic/
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**GitHub:** https://github.com/EkBass/BazzBasic
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**Manual:** https://ekbass.github.io/BazzBasic/manual/#/
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**
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**Rosetta Code:** https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:BazzBasic
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---
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## ⚠️ Critical Rules — Read First
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| Rule | Detail |
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|------|--------|
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| Every variable must be introduced with LET exactly once before any use | LET <var> |
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| Variables end with `$` | `name$`, `score$`, `x$` |
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| Variables must describe purpose | no x$, tmp$, a$ unless loop index |
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| Constants end with `#` | `MAX#`, `PI#`, `TITLE#` |
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| Arrays declared with `DIM`, end with `$` | `DIM items$` |
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| First use of variable requires `LET` | `LET x$ = 0` — after that `x$ = x$ + 1` |
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| FOR and INPUT auto-declare, no LET needed | `FOR i$ = 1 TO 10` |
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| Avoid GOTO | Supported only for historical reasons |
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| Functions defined **before** they are called | Put at top or INCLUDE |
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| Function name ends with `$`, called with `FN` | `FN MyFunc$(a$, b$)` |
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| Function return value **must** be used | `PRINT FN f$()` or `LET v$ = FN f$()` |
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| Arrays **cannot** be passed to functions directly | Pass individual elements
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| Case-insensitive | `PRINT`, `print`, `Print` all work |
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| `+` operator does both add and concatenate | `"Hi" + " " + name$` |
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| Division always returns float | `10 / 3` → `3.333...` |
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### Common AI Mistakes
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- forgetting LET
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- Mis-using LET/ROWCOUNT with arrays
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- using LET inside subs (wastes computing time, prefer [inits] section)
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- calling function before definition
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- not using return value from FN (if not other chance, use temp$ to get it)
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- passing arrays to functions
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- mixing $ and #
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- using LET on subs or loops
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- forgots to use SCREENLOCK/SCREENUNLOCK
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- Does not read: ## Performance Tips
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---
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## For context from the author:
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**About:** BazzBasic is built around one simple idea: starting programming should feel nice and even fun. Ease of learning, comfort of exploration and small but important moments of success. Just like the classic BASICs of decades past, but with a fresh and modern feel.
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##
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- **Line numbers** for easy navigation
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- **Multiple tabs** for working with several files
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|----------|--------|--------|--------|
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| File | Ctrl+N | New file | BazzBasic.exe |
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| File | Ctrl+O | Open file | none |
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| File | Ctrl+S | Save file | none |
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| File | Ctrl+Shift+S | Save As | none |
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| File | Ctrl+W | Close tab | none |
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| File | Alt + F4 | Exit | none |
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| Edit | Ctrl+F | Find | none |
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| Edit | Ctrl+H | Replace | none |
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| Run | F5 | Run Program | BazzBasic.exe file.bas |
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| Run | none | Compile as Exe | BazzBasic.exe -exe file.bas |
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| Run | none | Compile as Library (.bb) | BazzBasic.exe -lib file.bas |
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| Help | none | About | BazzBasic.exe -v |
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| Help | none | Beginner's Guide[1] | BazzBasic.exe -guide[2] |
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| Help | none | Check For Updates[3] | BazzBasic.exe -checkupdates |
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**[2]** *BazzBasic.exe -guide* and *BazzBasic.exe -help* both works.
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**[3]** Just informs about the update, will not perform it.
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## Variables & Constants
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```basic
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'
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LET
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LET
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LET
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LET
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**Compound assignment operators** (variables only — **not** allowed with `#` constants):
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s$ += " World" ' string concatenation
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```
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' constants
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LET TITLE# = "My Game" ' String constant
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LET_VER# = 1.2 ' Numeric constant
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```
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**Scope:** All main-code variables share one scope (even inside IF blocks).
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`DEF FN` functions are fully isolated — only global constants (`#`) accessible inside.
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### Built-in Constants
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- **Boolean:** `TRUE`, `FALSE`
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- **Math:** `PI#`, `HPI#` (π/2 = 90°), `QPI#` (π/4 = 45°), `TAU#` (2π = 360°), `EULER#` (e)
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- **System:** `PRG_ROOT#` (program base directory path)
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- **Keyboard:** `KEY_ESC#`, `KEY_ENTER#`, `KEY_SPACE#`, `KEY_UP#`, `KEY_DOWN#`, `KEY_LEFT#`, `KEY_RIGHT#`, `KEY_F1#`…`KEY_F12#`, `KEY_A#`…`KEY_Z#`, `KEY_0#`…`KEY_9#`, `KEY_LSHIFT#`, `KEY_LCTRL#`, etc.
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---
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| `HASKEY(arr$(key))` | 1 if exists, 0 if not |
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| `DELKEY arr$(key)` | Remove one element |
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| `DELARRAY arr$` | Remove entire array (can re-DIM after) |
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| `JOIN dest$, src1$, src2$` | Merge two arrays
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**Always check with `HASKEY` before reading uninitialized elements.**
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PRINT "F"
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END IF ' ENDIF also works
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' One-line IF
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IF lives$ = 0 THEN GOTO [game_over]
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IF key$ = KEY_ESC# THEN GOTO [menu] ELSE GOTO [play]
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| `LINE INPUT "prompt", var$` | Read entire line with spaces |
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| `CLS` | Clear screen |
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| `LOCATE row, col` | Move cursor (1-based) |
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| `CURPOS("row")`
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| `CURPOS(
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| `COLOR fg, bg` | Text colors (0–15 palette) |
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| `SHELL("cmd")` | Run shell command, returns output |
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| `SHELL("cmd", ms)` | With timeout in ms (default 5000) |
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| `MAX(a, b)` / `MIN(a, b)` | Larger / smaller of two |
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| `MOD(a, b)` | Remainder |
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| `POW(base, exp)` | Power |
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| `RND(
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| `RND(n)` | Random integer 0 to n-1 (n ≥ 1) |
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| `ROUND(n)` | Standard rounding |
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| `SGN(n)` | Sign: -1, 0, or 1 |
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| `SQR(n)` | Square root |
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MOVESHAPE sprites$(1), x, y ' sprites$(1) = first sprite
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' Transform
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MOVESHAPE RECT#, x, y ' Position by
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ROTATESHAPE RECT#, angle ' Degrees (absolute)
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SCALESHAPE RECT#, scale ' 1.0 = original size
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DRAWSHAPE RECT# ' Render to buffer
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REMOVESHAPE RECT# ' Free memory (always clean up)
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```
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---
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### Text Rendering (SDL2_ttf.dll required)
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#### DRAWSTRING & LOADFONT
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```basic
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' Default font (Arial)
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DRAWSTRING "Hello!", 100, 200, RGB(255, 255, 255)
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```basic
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' LOADSOUND returns a stable integer handle — SDL2 manages the resource.
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' The handle never changes; store it in a constant to protect it from accidental reassignment.
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LET SND_JUMP# = LOADSOUND("jump.wav") ' Load (WAV
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SOUNDONCE(SND_JUMP#) ' Play once, non-blocking
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SOUNDONCEWAIT(SND_JUMP#) ' Play once, wait for finish
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SOUNDREPEAT(SND_JUMP#) ' Loop continuously
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```basic
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LET data$ = FileRead("file.txt") ' Read as string
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DIM cfg$ : LET cfg$ = FileRead("settings.txt") ' Read as key=value array
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LET ok$ = FileExists("file.txt") ' 1=exists, 0=not
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```
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**key=value parsing:** When `FileRead` assigns to a `DIM`'d array, lines `key=value` become `arr$("key")`. Lines starting with `#` are comments. Perfect for `.env` files.
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---
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## Passing Arrays to Functions
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Arrays cannot be passed directly to `DEF FN` functions. The accepted workaround (v1.2+) is JSON serialization: convert the array to a JSON string with `ASJSON`, pass it as a string parameter, then deserialize inside the function with `ASARRAY`.
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```basic
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DEF FN ProcessPlayer$(data$)
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DIM arr$
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LET count$ = ASARRAY(arr$, data$)
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RETURN arr$("name") + " score:" + arr$("score")
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END DEF
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[inits]
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DIM player$
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player$("name") = "Alice"
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player$("score") = 9999
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player$("address,city") = "New York"
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[main]
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LET json$ = ASJSON(player$)
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PRINT FN ProcessPlayer$(json$)
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END
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```
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- The function gets a full independent copy — changes do not affect the original array
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- Nested keys work normally: `arr$("address,city")` etc.
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- Overhead is comparable to manually copying an array
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---
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## Fast Trigonometry
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~20× faster than `SIN(RAD(x))`, 1-degree precision. Uses ~5.6 KB memory.
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---
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## Program Structure
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```basic
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RETURN v$
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END DEF
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' ---- 2. INIT (declare ALL
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' Performance: variables declared outside loops avoid repeated existence checks.
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[inits]
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LET x$ = 320
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LET y$ = 240
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LET running$ = TRUE
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SCREEN 0, SCREEN_W#, SCREEN_H#, "My Game"
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' ---- 3. MAIN LOOP ----
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[main]
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WHILE running$
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SLEEP 16
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WEND
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SOUNDSTOPALL
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END
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' ---- 4. SUBROUTINES (or INCLUDE "subs.bas") ----
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[sub:update]
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- Variables: `camelCase$` | Constants: `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE#` | Functions: `PascalCase$`
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- Labels: `[gameLoop]` for jump targets, `[sub:name]` for subroutines
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- Image/sound/shape IDs are stable integer handles — **always** store as constants: `LET MY_IMG# = LOADIMAGE("x.png")` — never use `$` variables for these
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- Group many IDs
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---
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---
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##
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### Animate a pendulum
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```basic
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'
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' BazzBasic conversion from Freebasic code
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' https://ekbass.github.io/BazzBasic/
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' This is done for educational purposes -> commented everything
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' Public Domain
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[inits]
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LET SCREEN_W# = 640 ' Screen width in pixels
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LET SCREEN_H# = 480 ' Screen height in pixels
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LET DAMPING# = 0.9995 ' Energy loss per frame (1.0 = no loss, 0.0 = instant stop)
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-
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LET g$ = 9.81 ' Gravity constant (m/s²) — drives the swing force
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LET l$ = 1 ' Pendulum length (affects swing speed — longer = slower)
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LET speed$ = 0 ' Current angular velocity (how fast the angle is changing)
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LET accel$ ' Angular acceleration this frame (force pushing toward center)
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-
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LET px$ = SCREEN_W# / 2 ' Pivot point X — where the pendulum is attached (screen center top)
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LET py$ = 10 ' Pivot point Y — a bit down from top edge
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LET theta$ = HPI# ' Current angle in radians (HPI# = 90° = starts horizontal)
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LET bx$ ' Bob X position on screen (calculated each frame)
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LET by$ ' Bob Y position on screen (calculated each frame)
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-
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[main]
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SCREEN SCREEN_W#, SCREEN_H#
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WHILE INKEY <> KEY_ESC#
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' Project angle to screen coordinates
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bx$ = px$ + l$ * (SCREEN_W# / 2) * SIN(theta$) ' horizontal offset from pivot
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by$ = py$ - l$ * (SCREEN_W# / 2) * COS(theta$) ' vertical offset from pivot (Y flipped)
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-
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SCREENLOCK ON
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LINE (0, 0) - (SCREEN_W#, SCREEN_H#), 15, BF ' clear screen
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LINE (px$, py$) - (bx$, by$), 0 ' draw rod
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CIRCLE (bx$, by$), 50, 7, 1 ' draw bob
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SCREENLOCK OFF
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accel$ = g$ * SIN(theta$) / l$ / 100 ' gravity pulls bob toward center (SIN of angle = sideways force)
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speed$ = (speed$ * DAMPING#) + accel$ / 100 ' update speed with damping applied
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theta$ = theta$ + speed$ ' advance the angle by current speed
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SLEEP 16
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WEND
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END
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```
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###
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``
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' https://rosettacode.org/wiki/RPG_attributes_generator
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' BazzBasic: https://github.com/EkBass/BazzBasic
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' ============================================
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' Attributes: Strength, Dexterity, Constitution,
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' Intelligence, Wisdom, Charisma
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'
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' Rules:
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' - Total of all attributes must be >= 75
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' - At least two attributes must be >= 15
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LET MIN_TOTAL# = 75
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LET MIN_TWO# = 15
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' Roll 4d6, drop the lowest die, return sum of top 3
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DEF FN RollStat$()
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LET r1$ = RND(6) + 1
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LET r2$ = RND(6) + 1
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LET r3$ = RND(6) + 1
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LET r4$ = RND(6) + 1
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RETURN r1$ + r2$ + r3$ + r4$ - MIN(MIN(r1$, r2$), MIN(r3$, r4$))
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END DEF
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-
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| 704 |
-
|
| 705 |
-
|
| 706 |
-
attributes$("dex") = 0
|
| 707 |
-
attributes$("con") = 0
|
| 708 |
-
attributes$("int") = 0
|
| 709 |
-
attributes$("wis") = 0
|
| 710 |
-
attributes$("cha") = 0
|
| 711 |
-
LET stat$ = 0
|
| 712 |
-
LET total$ = 0
|
| 713 |
-
LET highCount$ = 0
|
| 714 |
-
LET passed$ = FALSE
|
| 715 |
-
|
| 716 |
-
[main]
|
| 717 |
-
WHILE passed$ = FALSE
|
| 718 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("str") = stat$
|
| 719 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("dex") = stat$
|
| 720 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("con") = stat$
|
| 721 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("int") = stat$
|
| 722 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("wis") = stat$
|
| 723 |
-
stat$ = FN RollStat$() : attributes$("cha") = stat$
|
| 724 |
-
|
| 725 |
-
total$ = attributes$("str") + attributes$("dex") + attributes$("con") + attributes$("int") + attributes$("wis") + attributes$("cha")
|
| 726 |
-
|
| 727 |
-
highCount$ = 0
|
| 728 |
-
IF attributes$("str") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 729 |
-
IF attributes$("dex") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 730 |
-
IF attributes$("con") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 731 |
-
IF attributes$("int") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 732 |
-
IF attributes$("wis") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 733 |
-
IF attributes$("cha") >= MIN_TWO# THEN highCount$ = highCount$ + 1
|
| 734 |
-
|
| 735 |
-
IF total$ >= MIN_TOTAL# AND highCount$ >= 2 THEN passed$ = TRUE
|
| 736 |
-
WEND
|
| 737 |
-
|
| 738 |
-
PRINT "Attribute Score"
|
| 739 |
-
PRINT "------------------"
|
| 740 |
-
PRINT "Strength " + STR(attributes$("str"))
|
| 741 |
-
PRINT "Dexterity " + STR(attributes$("dex"))
|
| 742 |
-
PRINT "Constitution " + STR(attributes$("con"))
|
| 743 |
-
PRINT "Intelligence " + STR(attributes$("int"))
|
| 744 |
-
PRINT "Wisdom " + STR(attributes$("wis"))
|
| 745 |
-
PRINT "Charisma " + STR(attributes$("cha"))
|
| 746 |
-
PRINT "------------------"
|
| 747 |
-
PRINT "Total " + STR(total$)
|
| 748 |
-
END
|
| 749 |
|
| 750 |
-
|
| 751 |
-
|
| 752 |
-
|
| 753 |
-
' Strength 13
|
| 754 |
-
' Dexterity 15
|
| 755 |
-
' Constitution 12
|
| 756 |
-
' Intelligence 11
|
| 757 |
-
' Wisdom 15
|
| 758 |
-
' Charisma 10
|
| 759 |
-
' ------------------
|
| 760 |
-
' Total 76
|
| 761 |
-
```
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
---
|
| 2 |
+
name: bazzbasic
|
| 3 |
+
description: "BazzBasic BASIC interpreter language reference. Use when writing, debugging, or explaining BazzBasic code (.bas files). Triggers on: BazzBasic syntax, $ and # variable suffixes, SDL2 graphics in BASIC, SCREEN/DRAWSHAPE/LOADIMAGE commands, DEF FN functions, BazzBasic file I/O, sound commands, or any question about BazzBasic features. Always use this skill before writing any BazzBasic code."
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|
| 4 |
---
|
| 5 |
|
| 6 |
+
# BazzBasic Language Reference
|
| 7 |
+
**Version:** 1.3 | **Author:** Kristian Virtanen (EkBass) | **Platform:** Windows x64
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|
| 8 |
**GitHub:** https://github.com/EkBass/BazzBasic
|
| 9 |
**Manual:** https://ekbass.github.io/BazzBasic/manual/#/
|
| 10 |
+
**Examples:** https://github.com/EkBass/BazzBasic/tree/main/Examples
|
| 11 |
**Rosetta Code:** https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:BazzBasic
|
| 12 |
+
|
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
---
|
| 15 |
|
| 16 |
## ⚠️ Critical Rules — Read First
|
| 17 |
+
|
| 18 |
| Rule | Detail |
|
| 19 |
|------|--------|
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|
| 20 |
| Variables end with `$` | `name$`, `score$`, `x$` |
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|
| 21 |
| Constants end with `#` | `MAX#`, `PI#`, `TITLE#` |
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| 22 |
| Arrays declared with `DIM`, end with `$` | `DIM items$` |
|
| 23 |
| First use of variable requires `LET` | `LET x$ = 0` — after that `x$ = x$ + 1` |
|
| 24 |
| FOR and INPUT auto-declare, no LET needed | `FOR i$ = 1 TO 10` |
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|
| 25 |
| Functions defined **before** they are called | Put at top or INCLUDE |
|
| 26 |
| Function name ends with `$`, called with `FN` | `FN MyFunc$(a$, b$)` |
|
| 27 |
| Function return value **must** be used | `PRINT FN f$()` or `LET v$ = FN f$()` |
|
| 28 |
+
| Arrays **cannot** be passed to functions directly | Pass individual elements, or serialize to JSON string — see *Passing Arrays to Functions* section |
|
| 29 |
| Case-insensitive | `PRINT`, `print`, `Print` all work |
|
| 30 |
| `+` operator does both add and concatenate | `"Hi" + " " + name$` |
|
| 31 |
| Division always returns float | `10 / 3` → `3.333...` |
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| 32 |
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|
| 33 |
---
|
| 34 |
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|
| 35 |
|
| 36 |
+
## ABOUT
|
| 37 |
+
BazzBasic is built around one simple idea: starting programming should feel nice and even fun.
|
| 38 |
|
| 39 |
+
Ease of learning, comfort of exploration and small but important moments of success.
|
| 40 |
|
| 41 |
+
Just like the classic BASICs of decades past, but with a fresh and modern feel.
|
| 42 |
|
| 43 |
+
## STORY
|
| 44 |
+
Although over the years, as my own skills have grown, I have moved on to more versatile and modern languages, BASIC has always been something that has been fun to try out many different things with.
|
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
+
Sometimes it's great to just make a simple adventure game again, a lottery machine, a quiz, or even just those balls bouncing on the screen.
|
| 47 |
|
| 48 |
+
BazzBasic was created with this in mind.
|
| 49 |
|
| 50 |
+
I wanted to create a language that makes it easy for you to give free rein to your curiosity and program something.
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|
| 51 |
|
| 52 |
+
And when you finish your first little game, you may crave something bigger and better.
|
| 53 |
|
| 54 |
+
Maybe one day you will move on to another programming language, but then BazzBasic will have succeeded in doing what it was intended for.
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|
| 55 |
|
| 56 |
+
To arouse your curiosity.
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|
| 57 |
|
| 58 |
## Variables & Constants
|
| 59 |
|
| 60 |
```basic
|
| 61 |
+
LET a$ ' Declare without value
|
| 62 |
+
LET name$ = "Alice" ' String variable
|
| 63 |
+
LET score$ = 0 ' Numeric variable
|
| 64 |
+
LET x$, y$, z$ = 10 ' Multiple declaration
|
| 65 |
+
LET PI# = 3.14159 ' Constant (immutable)
|
| 66 |
+
LET TITLE# = "My Game" ' String constant
|
| 67 |
+
```
|
| 68 |
|
| 69 |
**Compound assignment operators** (variables only — **not** allowed with `#` constants):
|
| 70 |
|
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|
| 76 |
s$ += " World" ' string concatenation
|
| 77 |
```
|
| 78 |
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|
| 79 |
**Scope:** All main-code variables share one scope (even inside IF blocks).
|
| 80 |
`DEF FN` functions are fully isolated — only global constants (`#`) accessible inside.
|
| 81 |
|
|
|
|
| 83 |
|
| 84 |
### Built-in Constants
|
| 85 |
- **Boolean:** `TRUE`, `FALSE`
|
| 86 |
+
- **Math:** `PI#`, `HPI#` (π/2 = 90°), `QPI#` (π/4 = 45°), `TAU#` (2π = 360°), `EULER#` (e) — `#` suffix required
|
| 87 |
+
- **System:** `PRG_ROOT#` (program base directory path)
|
| 88 |
- **Keyboard:** `KEY_ESC#`, `KEY_ENTER#`, `KEY_SPACE#`, `KEY_UP#`, `KEY_DOWN#`, `KEY_LEFT#`, `KEY_RIGHT#`, `KEY_F1#`…`KEY_F12#`, `KEY_A#`…`KEY_Z#`, `KEY_0#`…`KEY_9#`, `KEY_LSHIFT#`, `KEY_LCTRL#`, etc.
|
| 89 |
|
| 90 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 106 |
| `HASKEY(arr$(key))` | 1 if exists, 0 if not |
|
| 107 |
| `DELKEY arr$(key)` | Remove one element |
|
| 108 |
| `DELARRAY arr$` | Remove entire array (can re-DIM after) |
|
| 109 |
+
| `JOIN dest$, src1$, src2$` | Merge two arrays; `src2$` keys overwrite `src1$`. Use empty `src1$` as `COPYARRAY`. |
|
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
**Always check with `HASKEY` before reading uninitialized elements.**
|
| 112 |
|
|
|
|
| 124 |
PRINT "F"
|
| 125 |
END IF ' ENDIF also works
|
| 126 |
|
| 127 |
+
' One-line IF (GOTO/GOSUB only)
|
| 128 |
IF lives$ = 0 THEN GOTO [game_over]
|
| 129 |
IF key$ = KEY_ESC# THEN GOTO [menu] ELSE GOTO [play]
|
| 130 |
|
|
|
|
| 166 |
| `LINE INPUT "prompt", var$` | Read entire line with spaces |
|
| 167 |
| `CLS` | Clear screen |
|
| 168 |
| `LOCATE row, col` | Move cursor (1-based) |
|
| 169 |
+
| `CURPOS("row")` / `CURPOS("col")` | Read cursor row or col (1-based, matches LOCATE) |
|
| 170 |
+
| `CURPOS()` | Read cursor as `"row,col"` string |
|
| 171 |
| `COLOR fg, bg` | Text colors (0–15 palette) |
|
| 172 |
| `SHELL("cmd")` | Run shell command, returns output |
|
| 173 |
| `SHELL("cmd", ms)` | With timeout in ms (default 5000) |
|
|
|
|
| 262 |
| `MAX(a, b)` / `MIN(a, b)` | Larger / smaller of two |
|
| 263 |
| `MOD(a, b)` | Remainder |
|
| 264 |
| `POW(base, exp)` | Power |
|
| 265 |
+
| `RND(n)` | Random integer 0 to n-1 |
|
|
|
|
| 266 |
| `ROUND(n)` | Standard rounding |
|
| 267 |
| `SGN(n)` | Sign: -1, 0, or 1 |
|
| 268 |
| `SQR(n)` | Square root |
|
|
|
|
| 329 |
MOVESHAPE sprites$(1), x, y ' sprites$(1) = first sprite
|
| 330 |
|
| 331 |
' Transform
|
| 332 |
+
MOVESHAPE RECT#, x, y ' Position by center point
|
| 333 |
ROTATESHAPE RECT#, angle ' Degrees (absolute)
|
| 334 |
SCALESHAPE RECT#, scale ' 1.0 = original size
|
| 335 |
DRAWSHAPE RECT# ' Render to buffer
|
|
|
|
| 337 |
REMOVESHAPE RECT# ' Free memory (always clean up)
|
| 338 |
```
|
| 339 |
|
| 340 |
+
|
| 341 |
---
|
| 342 |
|
| 343 |
### Text Rendering (SDL2_ttf.dll required)
|
| 344 |
#### DRAWSTRING & LOADFONT
|
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
+
|
| 347 |
```basic
|
| 348 |
' Default font (Arial)
|
| 349 |
DRAWSTRING "Hello!", 100, 200, RGB(255, 255, 255)
|
|
|
|
| 365 |
```basic
|
| 366 |
' LOADSOUND returns a stable integer handle — SDL2 manages the resource.
|
| 367 |
' The handle never changes; store it in a constant to protect it from accidental reassignment.
|
| 368 |
+
LET SND_JUMP# = LOADSOUND("jump.wav") ' Load (WAV recommended)
|
| 369 |
SOUNDONCE(SND_JUMP#) ' Play once, non-blocking
|
| 370 |
SOUNDONCEWAIT(SND_JUMP#) ' Play once, wait for finish
|
| 371 |
SOUNDREPEAT(SND_JUMP#) ' Loop continuously
|
|
|
|
| 382 |
```basic
|
| 383 |
LET data$ = FileRead("file.txt") ' Read as string
|
| 384 |
DIM cfg$ : LET cfg$ = FileRead("settings.txt") ' Read as key=value array
|
| 385 |
+
FileWrite "save.txt", data$ ' Create/overwrite
|
| 386 |
+
FileAppend "log.txt", entry$ ' Append
|
| 387 |
LET ok$ = FileExists("file.txt") ' 1=exists, 0=not
|
| 388 |
+
FileDelete "temp.dat" ' Delete file
|
| 389 |
```
|
| 390 |
|
| 391 |
**key=value parsing:** When `FileRead` assigns to a `DIM`'d array, lines `key=value` become `arr$("key")`. Lines starting with `#` are comments. Perfect for `.env` files.
|
|
|
|
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
---
|
| 438 |
|
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|
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|
| 439 |
## Fast Trigonometry
|
| 440 |
|
| 441 |
~20× faster than `SIN(RAD(x))`, 1-degree precision. Uses ~5.6 KB memory.
|
|
|
|
| 481 |
|
| 482 |
---
|
| 483 |
|
| 484 |
+
## Passing Arrays to Functions
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
Arrays cannot be passed directly to `DEF FN` functions, but a clean workaround exists using JSON serialization. Convert the array to a JSON string with `ASJSON`, pass the string as a parameter, then deserialize inside the function with `ASARRAY`. This is the accepted pattern in BazzBasic v1.2+.
|
| 487 |
+
|
| 488 |
+
```basic
|
| 489 |
+
DEF FN ProcessPlayer$(data$)
|
| 490 |
+
DIM arr$
|
| 491 |
+
LET count$ = ASARRAY(arr$, data$)
|
| 492 |
+
RETURN arr$("name") + " score:" + arr$("score")
|
| 493 |
+
END DEF
|
| 494 |
+
|
| 495 |
+
[inits]
|
| 496 |
+
DIM player$
|
| 497 |
+
player$("name") = "Alice"
|
| 498 |
+
player$("score") = 9999
|
| 499 |
+
player$("address,city") = "New York"
|
| 500 |
+
|
| 501 |
+
[main]
|
| 502 |
+
LET json$ = ASJSON(player$)
|
| 503 |
+
PRINT FN ProcessPlayer$(json$)
|
| 504 |
+
END
|
| 505 |
+
```
|
| 506 |
+
|
| 507 |
+
**Notes:**
|
| 508 |
+
- The function receives a full independent copy — changes inside do not affect the original array
|
| 509 |
+
- Nested keys work normally: `arr$("address,city")` etc.
|
| 510 |
+
- Overhead is similar to copying an array manually; acceptable for most use cases
|
| 511 |
+
|
| 512 |
+
---
|
| 513 |
+
|
| 514 |
## Program Structure
|
| 515 |
|
| 516 |
```basic
|
|
|
|
| 521 |
RETURN v$
|
| 522 |
END DEF
|
| 523 |
|
| 524 |
+
' ---- 2. INIT (declare ALL constants & variables here, not inside loops) ----
|
| 525 |
' Performance: variables declared outside loops avoid repeated existence checks.
|
| 526 |
[inits]
|
| 527 |
+
LET SCREEN_W# = 640
|
| 528 |
+
LET SCREEN_H# = 480
|
| 529 |
+
LET MAX_SPEED# = 5
|
| 530 |
+
|
| 531 |
+
SCREEN 0, SCREEN_W#, SCREEN_H#, "My Game"
|
| 532 |
+
|
| 533 |
LET x$ = 320
|
| 534 |
LET y$ = 240
|
| 535 |
LET running$ = TRUE
|
| 536 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 537 |
' ---- 3. MAIN LOOP ----
|
| 538 |
[main]
|
| 539 |
WHILE running$
|
|
|
|
| 543 |
SLEEP 16
|
| 544 |
WEND
|
| 545 |
SOUNDSTOPALL
|
| 546 |
+
END
|
| 547 |
|
| 548 |
' ---- 4. SUBROUTINES (or INCLUDE "subs.bas") ----
|
| 549 |
[sub:update]
|
|
|
|
| 563 |
- Variables: `camelCase$` | Constants: `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE#` | Functions: `PascalCase$`
|
| 564 |
- Labels: `[gameLoop]` for jump targets, `[sub:name]` for subroutines
|
| 565 |
- Image/sound/shape IDs are stable integer handles — **always** store as constants: `LET MY_IMG# = LOADIMAGE("x.png")` — never use `$` variables for these
|
| 566 |
+
- Group many IDs → use arrays: `DIM sprites$` / `sprites$("player") = LOADIMAGE(...)` — but prefer named constants when count is small
|
| 567 |
|
| 568 |
---
|
| 569 |
|
|
|
|
| 578 |
|
| 579 |
---
|
| 580 |
|
| 581 |
+
## IDE Features (v1.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 582 |
|
| 583 |
+
### New File Template
|
| 584 |
+
When the IDE opens with no file (or a new file), this template is auto-inserted:
|
| 585 |
```basic
|
| 586 |
+
' BazzBasic version 1.3
|
|
|
|
| 587 |
' https://ekbass.github.io/BazzBasic/
|
|
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|
| 588 |
```
|
| 589 |
|
| 590 |
+
### Beginner's Guide
|
| 591 |
+
- **IDE:** Menu → **Help** → **Beginner's Guide** — opens `https://github.com/EkBass/BazzBasic-Beginners-Guide/releases` in default browser
|
| 592 |
+
- **CLI:** `bazzbasic.exe -guide` or `bazzbasic.exe -help` — prints URL to terminal
|
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|
| 593 |
|
| 594 |
+
### Check for Updates
|
| 595 |
+
- **IDE:** Menu → **Help** → **Check for updated...** — IDE reports if a newer version is available
|
| 596 |
+
- **CLI:** `bazzbasic.exe -checkupdate`
|
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| 597 |
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| 598 |
+
### Compile via IDE
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| 599 |
+
- **Menu → Run → Compile as Exe** — compiles open file to standalone `.exe` (auto-saves first)
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| 600 |
+
- **Menu → Run → Compile as Library (.bb)** — compiles open file as reusable `.bb` library (auto-saves first)
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