text stringlengths 0 275 |
|---|
``` |
| Function/Command | Description | |
|-----------------|-------------| |
| `LEN(arr$())` | Element count (note empty parens) | |
| `HASKEY(arr$(key))` | 1 if exists, 0 if not | |
| `DELKEY arr$(key)` | Remove one element | |
| `DELARRAY arr$` | Remove entire array (can re-DIM after) | |
**Always check with `HASKEY` before reading uninitialized elements.** |
--- |
## Control Flow |
```basic |
' Block IF |
IF score$ >= 90 THEN |
PRINT "A" |
ELSEIF score$ >= 80 THEN |
PRINT "B" |
ELSE |
PRINT "F" |
END IF ' ENDIF also works |
' One-line IF (GOTO/GOSUB only) |
IF lives$ = 0 THEN GOTO [game_over] |
IF key$ = KEY_ESC# THEN GOTO [menu] ELSE GOTO [play] |
' FOR (auto-declares variable) |
FOR i$ = 1 TO 10 STEP 2 : PRINT i$ : NEXT |
FOR i$ = 10 TO 1 STEP -1 : PRINT i$ : NEXT |
' WHILE |
WHILE x$ < 100 : x$ = x$ * 2 : WEND |
' Labels, GOTO, GOSUB |
[start] |
GOSUB [sub:init] |
GOTO [main] |
[sub:init] |
LET x$ = 0 |
RETURN |
' Dynamic jump (variable must contain "[label]" with brackets) |
LET target$ = "[menu]" |
GOTO target$ |
' Other |
SLEEP 2000 ' Pause ms |
END ' Terminate program |
``` |
--- |
## I/O |
| Command | Description | |
|---------|-------------| |
| `PRINT expr; expr` | `;` = no space, `,` = tab | |
| `PRINT "text";` | Trailing `;` suppresses newline | |
| `INPUT "prompt", var$` | Splits on whitespace/comma | |
| `INPUT "prompt", a$, b$` | Multiple values | |
| `LINE INPUT "prompt", var$` | Read entire line with spaces | |
| `CLS` | Clear screen | |
| `LOCATE row, col` | Move cursor (1-based) | |
| `COLOR fg, bg` | Text colors (0–15 palette) | |
| `SHELL("cmd")` | Run shell command, returns output | |
| `SHELL("cmd", ms)` | With timeout in ms (default 5000) | |
**Escape sequences in strings:** `\"` `\n` `\t` `\\` |
### Keyboard Input |
| Function | Returns | Notes | |
|----------|---------|-------| |
| `INKEY` | Key value or 0 | Non-blocking | |
| `KEYDOWN(key#)` | TRUE/FALSE | Held-key detection; **graphics mode only** | |
| `WAITKEY(key#, ...)` | Key value | Blocks until key pressed; `WAITKEY()` = any key | |
### Mouse (graphics mode only) |
`MOUSEX`, `MOUSEY` — cursor position |
`MOUSELEFT`, `MOUSERIGHT`, `MOUSEMIDDLE` — 1 if pressed, 0 otherwise |
### Console Read |
`GETCONSOLE(row, col, type)` — type: 0=char (ASCII), 1=fg color, 2=bg color |
--- |
## User-Defined Functions |
```basic |
' Define BEFORE calling. Name must end with $. |
DEF FN Clamp$(val$, lo$, hi$) |
IF val$ < lo$ THEN RETURN lo$ |
IF val$ > hi$ THEN RETURN hi$ |
RETURN val$ |
END DEF |
PRINT FN Clamp$(5, 1, 10) ' ✓ OK — return value used |
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