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Executing channel handlers on background threads
In order for a channel’s platform side handler to
execute on a background thread, you must use the
Task Queue API. Currently this feature is only
supported on iOS and Android.In Java:In Kotlin:In Swift:info Note
In release 2.10, the Task Queue API is only available on the master channel
for iOS.In Objective-C:info Note
In release 2.10, the Task Queue API is only available on the master channel
for iOS.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Jumping to the UI thread in Android
To comply with channels’ UI thread requirement,
you might need to jump from a background thread
to Android’s UI thread to execute a channel method.
In Android, you can accomplish this by post()ing a
Runnable to Android’s UI thread Looper,
which causes the Runnable to execute on the
main thread at the next opportunity.In Java:In Kotlin:<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Jumping to the main thread in iOS
To comply with channel’s main thread requirement,
you might need to jump from a background thread to
iOS’s main thread to execute a channel method.
You can accomplish this in iOS by executing a
block on the main dispatch queue:In Objective-C:In Swift:
<topic_end>
<topic_start>Automatic platform adaptations
info Note
As of the Flutter 3.16 release, Material 3
replaces Material 2 as the default theme
on all Flutter apps that use Material.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Adaptation philosophy
In general, two cases of platform adaptiveness exist:This article mainly covers the automatic adaptations
provided by Flutter in case 1 on Android and iOS.For case 2, Flutter bundles the means to produce the
appropriate effects of the platform conventions but doesn’t
adapt automatically when app design choices are needed.
For a discussion, see issue #8410 and the
Material/Cupertino adaptive widget problem definition.For an example of an app using different information
architecture structures on Android and iOS but sharing
the same content code, see the platform_design code samples.info
Preliminary guides addressing case 2
are being added to the UI components section.
You can request additional guides by commenting on issue #8427.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Page navigation
Flutter provides the navigation patterns seen on Android
and iOS and also automatically adapts the navigation animation
to the current platform.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Navigation transitions
On Android, the default Navigator.push() transition
is modeled after startActivity(),
which generally has one bottom-up animation variant.On iOS:<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Platform-specific transition details
On Android, Flutter uses the ZoomPageTransitionsBuilder animation.
When the user taps on an item, the UI zooms in to a screen that features that item.
When the user taps to go back, the UI zooms out to the previous screen.On iOS when the push style transition is used,
Flutter’s bundled CupertinoNavigationBar
and CupertinoSliverNavigationBar nav bars
automatically animate each subcomponent to its corresponding
subcomponent on the next or previous page’s
CupertinoNavigationBar or CupertinoSliverNavigationBar.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Back navigation
On Android,
the OS back button, by default, is sent to Flutter
and pops the top route of the WidgetsApp’s Navigator.On iOS,
an edge swipe gesture can be used to pop the top route.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Scrolling
Scrolling is an important part of the platform’s
look and feel, and Flutter automatically adjusts
the scrolling behavior to match the current platform.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Physics simulation
Android and iOS both have complex scrolling physics
simulations that are difficult to describe verbally.
Generally, iOS’s scrollable has more weight and
dynamic friction but Android has more static friction.
Therefore iOS gains high speed more gradually but stops
less abruptly and is more slippery at slow speeds.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Overscroll behavior
On Android,
scrolling past the edge of a scrollable shows an
overscroll glow indicator (based on the color
of the current Material theme).On iOS, scrolling past the edge of a scrollable
overscrolls with increasing resistance and snaps back.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Momentum
On iOS,
repeated flings in the same direction stacks momentum
and builds more speed with each successive fling.
There is no equivalent behavior on Android.<topic_end>
<topic_start>
Return to top
On iOS,
tapping the OS status bar scrolls the primary