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This requires enabling the Hardened Runtime option. |
Once you have enabled it, you need a valid signing |
certificate in order to build.By default, the entitlements file allows JIT for |
debug builds but, as with App Sandbox, you might |
need to manage other entitlements. |
If you have both App Sandbox and Hardened |
Runtime enabled, you might need to add multiple |
entitlements for the same resource. |
For instance, microphone access would require both |
com.apple.security.device.audio-input (for Hardened Runtime) |
and com.apple.security.device.microphone (for App Sandbox).For more information on this topic, |
see Hardened Runtime on the Apple Developer site. |
<topic_end> |
<topic_start>Binding to native macOS code using dart:ffi |
Flutter mobile and desktop apps can use the |
dart:ffi library to call native C APIs. |
FFI stands for foreign function interface. |
Other terms for similar functionality include |
native interface and language bindings.info Note |
This page describes using the dart:ffi library |
in macOS desktop apps. |
For information on Android, see |
Binding to native Android code using dart:ffi. |
For information on iOS, see |
Binding to native iOS code using dart:ffi. |
This feature is not yet supported for web plugins.Before your library or program can use the FFI library |
to bind to native code, you must ensure that the |
native code is loaded and its symbols are visible to Dart. |
This page focuses on compiling, packaging, |
and loading macOS native code within a Flutter plugin or app.This tutorial demonstrates how to bundle C/C++ |
sources in a Flutter plugin and bind to them using |
the Dart FFI library on macOS. |
In this walkthrough, you’ll create a C function |
that implements 32-bit addition and then |
exposes it through a Dart plugin named “native_add”.<topic_end> |
<topic_start> |
Dynamic vs static linking |
A native library can be linked into an app either |
dynamically or statically. A statically linked library |
is embedded into the app’s executable image, |
and is loaded when the app starts.Symbols from a statically linked library can be |
loaded using DynamicLibrary.executable or |
DynamicLibrary.process.A dynamically linked library, by contrast, is distributed |
in a separate file or folder within the app, |
and loaded on-demand. On macOS, the dynamically linked |
library is distributed as a .framework folder.A dynamically linked library can be loaded into |
Dart using DynamicLibrary.open.API documentation is available from the Dart dev channel: |
Dart API reference documentation.<topic_end> |
<topic_start> |
Create an FFI plugin |
If you already have a plugin, skip this step.To create a plugin called “native_add”, |
do the following:info Note |
You can exclude platforms from --platforms that you don’t want |
to build to. However, you need to include the platform of |
the device you are testing on.This will create a plugin with C/C++ sources in native_add/src. |
These sources are built by the native build files in the various |
os build folders.The FFI library can only bind against C symbols, |
so in C++ these symbols are marked extern "C".You should also add attributes to indicate that the |
symbols are referenced from Dart, |
to prevent the linker from discarding the symbols |
during link-time optimization. |
__attribute__((visibility("default"))) __attribute__((used)).On iOS, the native_add/macos/native_add.podspec links the code.The native code is invoked from dart in lib/native_add_bindings_generated.dart.The bindings are generated with package:ffigen.<topic_end> |
<topic_start> |
Other use cases |
<topic_end> |
<topic_start> |
iOS and macOS |
Dynamically linked libraries are automatically loaded by |
the dynamic linker when the app starts. Their constituent |
symbols can be resolved using DynamicLibrary.process. |
You can also get a handle to the library with |
DynamicLibrary.open to restrict the scope of |
symbol resolution, but it’s unclear how Apple’s |
review process handles this.Symbols statically linked into the application binary |
can be resolved using DynamicLibrary.executable or |
DynamicLibrary.process.<topic_end> |
<topic_start>Platform library |
To link against a platform library, |
use the following instructions:<topic_end> |
<topic_start>First-party library |
A first-party native library can be included either |
as source or as a (signed) .framework file. |
It’s probably possible to include statically linked |
archives as well, but it requires testing.<topic_end> |
<topic_start>Source code |
To link directly to source code, |
use the following instructions:Add the following prefix to the |
exported symbol declarations to ensure they |
are visible to Dart:C/C++/Objective-CSwift<topic_end> |
<topic_start>Compiled (dynamic) library |
To link to a compiled dynamic library, |
use the following instructions:<topic_end> |
<topic_start>Compiled (dynamic) library (macOS) |
To add a closed source library to a |
Flutter macOS Desktop app, |
use the following instructions:<topic_end> |
<topic_start> |
Other Resources |
To learn more about C interoperability, check out these videos: |
<topic_end> |
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