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Introduction to electromagnetism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58686423 | 10,471,744 | ##e that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and to posit that other electromagnetic radiation could exist with different wavelengths. the existence of electromagnetic radiation was proved by heinrich hertz in a series of experiments ranging from 1886 to 1889 in which he discovered the existence of radio waves... |
In-place matrix transposition | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11174336 | 12,465,107 | m " ) or " a " ( " m ", " n " ) jumps discontiguously by " n " in memory ( depending on whether the array is in column - major or row - major format, respectively ). that is, the algorithm does not exploit locality of reference. one solution to improve the cache utilization is to " block " the algorithm to operate on s... |
Molecular glue | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67037360 | 14,326,614 | a molecular glue is a small molecule that stabilizes the interaction between two proteins that do not normally interact. the most commonly employed molecular glue induces a novel interaction between a substrate receptor of an e3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein leading to proteolysis of the target. examples of mol... |
Prospect theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=197284 | 2,937,893 | 000 customers, they had four options for the deductibles on their policy ; $ 100, $ 250, $ 500, $ 1000. from this it was found that a $ 500 deductible resulted in a $ 715 annual premium and $ 1000 deductible being $ 615. the customers that chose the $ 500 deductible were paying an additional $ 100 per year even though ... |
Tensor operator | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39654522 | 10,439,991 | . examples of vector operators are the momentum, the position, the orbital angular momentum, formula _ 11, and the spin angular momentum, formula _ 12. ( fine print : angular momentum is a vector as far as rotations are concerned, but unlike position or momentum it does not change sign under space inversion, and when o... |
Cleavage (crystal) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1890880 | 4,407,808 | mineral, while parting is only found in samples with structural defects. examples of parting include the octahedral parting of magnetite, the rhombohedral and basal parting in corundum, and the basal parting in pyroxenes. cleavage is a physical property traditionally used in mineral identification, both in hand specime... |
Genome architecture mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57153310 | 23,245,108 | data. finally, graph analysis can be applied to the segregation table to locate communities. communities can be defined several ways, such as by cliques, but in this article, community analysis will be focused on centrality. centrality - based communities can be thought of as analogous to celebrities and their fan base... |
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=399678 | 7,067,449 | the egret instrument on nasa ' s compton gamma ray observatory satellite in the 1990s. several countries produced the components of the lat, who then sent the components for assembly at slac national accelerator laboratory. slac also hosts the lat instrument science operations center, which supports the operation of th... |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 | 17,047,703 | . the amino acids residues, gln817, phe820, val782 and tyr612, are lined in the q pocket, they are highly conserved in all pdes. the amide moiety of the pyrazolopyrimidinone group forms a bidentate hydrogen bond with the ɣ - amide group of gln817. 3d structure of sildenafil is demonstrated in figure 4. pde5 inhibitors ... |
Boolean satisfiability problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4715 | 2,258,074 | ¬ " x " ∨ " y " can be rewritten as " x " ∧... ∧ " x " → " y ", that is, if " x "..., " x " are all true, then " y " needs to be true as well. a generalization of the class of horn formulae is that of renameable - horn formulae, which is the set of formulae that can be placed in horn form by replacing some variables wi... |
Thomas Hunt Morgan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31522 | 5,468,409 | s interest. among other projects that year, morgan completed an experimental study of ctenophore embryology. in naples and through loeb, he became familiar with the " entwicklungsmechanik " ( roughly, " developmental mechanics " ) school of experimental biology. it was a reaction to the vitalistic " naturphilosophie ",... |
Cnoidal wave | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22463969 | 13,216,679 | η " are either all three real, or otherwise one is real and the remaining two are a pair of complex conjugates. in the latter case, with only one real - valued root, there is only one elevation " η " at which " f " ( " η " ) is zero. and consequently also only one elevation at which the surface slope " η ’ " is zero. h... |
Bi-specific T-cell engager | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18879982 | 10,007,370 | is re - engineering some of the currently used conventional antibodies like trastuzumab ( targeting her2 / neu ), cetuximab and panitumumab ( both targeting the egf receptor ), using the bite approach. |
Thermodynamic databases for pure substances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7760322 | 14,369,598 | database is its change in value during the formation of a compound from the standard - state elements, or for any standard chemical reaction ( δ " g " ° or δ " g " ° ). compilers of thermochemical databases may contain some additional thermodynamic functions. for example, the absolute enthalpy of a substance " h " ( " ... |
Egyptian geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29130644 | 11,772,744 | square. this problem ' s result is used in problem 50. that this octagonal figure, whose area is easily calculated, so accurately approximates the area of the circle is just plain good luck. obtaining a better approximation to the area using finer divisions of a square and a similar argument is not simple. problem 50 o... |
Data center management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58899779 | 8,822,822 | may have to increase. data center asset management ( also referred to as " inventory management " ) is the set of business practices that join financial, contractual and inventory functions to support life cycle management and strategic decision making for the it environment. assets include all elements of software and... |
Green fluorescent protein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=143533 | 3,115,675 | s size and molecular mass, and can impair the protein ' s natural function or change its location or trajectory of transport within the cell. in the 1960s and 1970s, gfp, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin ( an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light ), was first purified fro... |
Chemical transport reaction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12013342 | 16,803,067 | ##o is used in halogen lamps. the tungsten is evaporated from the tungsten filament and converted with traces of oxygen and iodine into the woi, at the high temperatures near the filament the compound decomposes back to tungsten, oxygen and iodine. |
Birthday problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73242 | 599,979 | ? often, people ' s intuition is that the answer is above. most people ' s intuition is that it is in the thousands or tens of thousands, while others feel it should at least be in the hundreds. the correct answer is 23. the reason is that the correct comparison is to the number of partitions of the weights into left a... |
Numerical integration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=170089 | 3,029,346 | error, if the derivatives of " f " are available. this integration method can be combined with interval arithmetic to produce computer proofs and " verified " calculations. several methods exist for approximate integration over unbounded intervals. the standard technique involves specially derived quadrature rules, suc... |
Ring current | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=146644 | 16,290,973 | a ring current is an electric current carried by charged particles trapped in a planet ' s magnetosphere. it is caused by the longitudinal drift of energetic ( 10 – 200 kev ) particles. earth ' s ring current is responsible for shielding the lower latitudes of the earth from magnetospheric electric fields. it therefore... |
Dirac large numbers hypothesis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1331039 | 9,244,847 | intelligent beings since they parametrize fusion of hydrogen in stars and hence carbon - based life would not arise otherwise. various authors have introduced new sets of numbers into the original " coincidence " considered by dirac and his contemporaries, thus broadening or even departing from dirac ' s own conclusion... |
Chromosomal crossover | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64045 | 3,556,151 | . an msh4 hypomorphic ( partially functional ) mutant of " s. cerevisiae " showed a 30 % genome wide reduction in crossover numbers, and a large number of meioses with non exchange chromosomes. nevertheless, this mutant gave rise to spore viability patterns suggesting that segregation of non - exchange chromosomes occu... |
MAPK networks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54942000 | 30,030,076 | pitzschke 3 ). avrpto interacts with bak1 and interrupts the binding of fls2. " pseudomonas syringae " have hopai1, which is a phosphothreonin lyase, and dephosphorylates the threonine residue at the upstream mapkks. hopai1 interacts with mpk3 and mpk6 allowing for flg22 activation to occur. in certain soil - borne pat... |
Clausius–Clapeyron relation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1780425 | 3,081,199 | the clausius – clapeyron relation, named after rudolf clausius and benoit paul emile clapeyron, specifies the temperature dependence of pressure, most importantly vapor pressure, at a discontinuous phase transition between two phases of matter of a single constituent. its relevance to meteorology and climatology is the... |
Xenon isotope geochemistry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70939631 | 29,425,436 | time this quantity was p, the interval between t and t is given by the law of radioactive decay as here formula _ 3 is the decay constant of the radioisotope, which is the probability of decay per nucleus per unit time. the decay constant is related to the half life t, by t = ln ( 2 ) / formula _ 3 the i - xe system wa... |
Orientation (vector space) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1391942 | 9,847,951 | as an instance of stokes ' theorem. a closed interval is a one - dimensional manifold with boundary, and its boundary is the set. in order to get the correct statement of the fundamental theorem of calculus, the point should be oriented positively, while the point should be oriented negatively. the one - dimensional ca... |
K-way merge algorithm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48597951 | 8,155,686 | so the winner of a game is the smaller one of both elements. for k - way merging, it is more efficient to only store the loser of each game ( see image ). the data structure is therefore called a loser tree. when building the tree or replacing an element with the next one from its list, we still promote the winner of t... |
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=399678 | 7,067,449 | sky scanning mode of observing ". fermi switched to " sky survey mode " on 26 june 2008 so as to begin sweeping its field of view over the entire sky every three hours ( every two orbits ). on 30 april 2013, nasa revealed that the telescope had narrowly avoided a collision a year earlier with a defunct cold war - era s... |
Transcriptome instability | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56255646 | 32,443,337 | transcriptome instability is a genome - wide, pre - mrna splicing - related characteristic of certain cancers. in general, pre - mrna splicing is dysregulated in a high proportion of cancerous cells. for certain types of cancer, like in colorectal and prostate, the number of splicing errors per cancer has been shown to... |
Richard Feynman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25523 | 261,353 | ##nman ' s that told how to implement renormalization. feynman was prompted to publish his ideas in the " physical review " in a series of papers over three years. his 1948 papers on " a relativistic cut - off for classical electrodynamics " attempted to explain what he had been unable to get across at pocono. his 1949... |
SCN5A | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7011336 | 17,859,567 | activation or inactivation ( resulting in an increased window - current ). scn5a mutations are believed to be found in a disproportionate number of people who have irritable bowel syndrome, particularly the constipation - predominant variant ( ibs - c ). the resulting defect leads to disruption in bowel function, by af... |
Root microbiome | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42251979 | 13,307,962 | the root microbiome ( also called rhizosphere microbiome ) is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots. because they are rich in a variety of carbon compounds, plant roots provide unique environments for a diverse assemblage of soil microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and archaea. the m... |
Skew-Hamiltonian matrix | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11380117 | 28,430,226 | in linear algebra, skew - hamiltonian matrices are special matrices which correspond to skew - symmetric bilinear forms on a symplectic vector space. let " v " be a vector space, equipped with a symplectic form formula _ 1. such a space must be even - dimensional. a linear map formula _ 2 is called a skew - hamiltonian... |
Subatomic particle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=212490 | 1,283,827 | ##rks ) are called hadrons. due to a property known as color confinement, quarks are never found singly but always occur in hadrons containing multiple quarks. the hadrons are divided by number of quarks ( including antiquarks ) into the baryons containing an odd number of quarks ( almost always 3 ), of which the proto... |
Sensor-based sorting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34076303 | 21,311,020 | sensor - based sorting, is an umbrella term for all applications in which particles are detected using a sensor technique and rejected by an amplified mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic process. the technique is generally applied in mining, recycling and food processing and used in the particle size range between. sinc... |
Copper(II) borate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72370259 | 34,514,149 | copper ( ii ) borate is an inorganic compound with the formula cu ( bo ). it has previously studied due to its photocatalytic properties. copper ( ii ) borate can be prepared by heating a stoichiometric mixture of copper ( ii ) oxide and diboron trioxideto 900°c. |
Moisture stress | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727062 | 16,202,246 | moisture stress is a form of abiotic stress that occurs when the moisture of plant tissues is reduced to suboptimal levels. water stress occurs in response to atmospheric and soil water availability when the transpiration rate exceeds the rate of water uptake by the roots and cells lose turgor pressure. moisture stress... |
Hall effect | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14307 | 1,443,435 | can detect stray magnetic fields easily, including that of earth, so they work well as electronic compasses : but this also means that such stray fields can hinder accurate measurements of small magnetic fields. to solve this problem, hall sensors are often integrated with magnetic shielding of some kind. for example, ... |
Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2918563 | 9,094,555 | ##thio chain transfer agents. it was first reported by rizzardo " et al. " in 1998. raft is one of the most versatile methods of controlled radical polymerization because it is tolerant of a very wide range of functionality in the monomer and solvent, including aqueous solutions. raft polymerization has also been effec... |
White dwarf | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33501 | 945,039 | young ( estimated to have formed from its agb progenitor about 500 million years ago ) white dwarf g29 - 38, which may have been created by tidal disruption of a comet passing close to the white dwarf. some estimations based on the metal content of the atmospheres of the white dwarfs consider that at least 15 % of them... |
Q-system (genetics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51758505 | 22,188,415 | q - system is a genetic tool that allows to express transgenes in a living organism. originally the q - system was developed for use in the vinegar fly " drosophila melanogaster ", and was rapidly adapted for use in cultured mammalian cells, zebrafish, worms and mosquitoes. the q - system utilizes genes from the " qa "... |
Velocity-addition formula | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1437696 | 5,430,736 | 3 - dimensional subspace of the lie algebra formula _ 57 of the lorentz group spanned by the boost generators formula _ 58. this space, call it " rapidity space ", is isomorphic to as a vector space, and is mapped to the open unit ball, formula _ 59, " velocity space ", via the above relation. the addition law on colli... |
Machine learning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=233488 | 225,410 | scaling exist to use svm in a probabilistic classification setting. in addition to performing linear classification, svms can efficiently perform a non - linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high - dimensional feature spaces. regression analysis encompasses a... |
Cerebral hemisphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=406608 | 4,014,425 | them. the intraventricular foramina ( also called the foramina of monro ) allows communication with the lateral ventricles. broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about certain functions ( e. g. logic, creativity ) being lateralized, that is, located in the right or left side of the brain. these cla... |
Bernard Bolzano | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=302185 | 7,145,866 | ##lzano ' s theorem ). today he is mostly remembered for the bolzano – weierstrass theorem, which karl weierstrass developed independently and published years after bolzano ' s first proof and which was initially called the weierstrass theorem until bolzano ' s earlier work was rediscovered. bolzano ' s posthumously pu... |
Suffix array | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1303494 | 7,655,986 | only character comparisons are allowed. a well - known recursive algorithm for integer alphabets is the " dc3 / skew " algorithm of. it runs in linear time and has successfully been used as the basis for parallel and external memory suffix array construction algorithms. recent work by proposes an algorithm for updating... |
Sexual dimorphism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=197179 | 614,162 | serve to ' activate ' certain behaviors when appropriate, such as territoriality during breeding season. organizational hormones occur only during a critical period early in development, either just before or just after hatching in most birds, and determine patterns of behavior for the rest of the bird ' s life. such b... |
Histone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14029 | 2,980,909 | alter multiple lysines to have a significant effect on chromatin structure. the modification includes h3k27ac. addition of a negatively charged phosphate group can lead to major changes in protein structure, leading to the well - characterised role of phosphorylation in controlling protein function. it is not clear wha... |
Discrete tomography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6778984 | 19,490,962 | discrete tomography focuses on the problem of reconstruction of binary images ( or finite subsets of the integer lattice ) from a small number of their projections. in general, tomography deals with the problem of determining shape and dimensional information of an object from a set of projections. from the mathematica... |
Water quality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=306773 | 3,981,790 | identify the sources and fates of contaminants. environmental lawyers and policymakers work to define legislation with the intention that water is maintained at an appropriate quality for its identified use. another general perception of water quality is that of a simple property that tells whether water is polluted or... |
Retraction (topology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2120001 | 8,300,597 | retract need not be a deformation retract. for instance, having a single point as a deformation retract of a space " x " would imply that " x " is path connected ( and in fact that " x " is contractible ). " note : " an equivalent definition of deformation retraction is the following. a continuous map formula _ 5 is a ... |
Distance geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=654387 | 13,877,271 | distance geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based " only " on given values of the distances between pairs of points. more abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them. in this view, it can be considered as a ... |
Algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=245955 | 11,705,513 | in computer science, algorithms for recovery and isolation exploiting semantics, or aries is a recovery algorithm designed to work with a no - force, steal database approach ; it is used by ibm db2, microsoft sql server and many other database systems. ibm fellow dr. c. mohan is the primary inventor of the aries family... |
Multi-armed bandit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2854828 | 2,433,913 | horizon reward under sufficient assumptions of finite state - action spaces and irreducibility of the transition law. a main feature of these policies is that the choice of actions, at each state and time period, is based on indices that are inflations of the right - hand side of the estimated average reward optimality... |
Lommel polynomial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17777195 | 25,075,482 | a lommel polynomial " r " ( " z " ), introduced by, is a polynomial in 1 / " z " giving the recurrence relation |
Crystal structure | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58690 | 1,645,587 | fraction of the material, with profound effects on such properties as diffusion and plasticity. in the limit of small crystallites, as the volume fraction of grain boundaries approaches 100 %, the material ceases to have any crystalline character, and thus becomes an amorphous solid. the difficulty of predicting stable... |
Gene therapy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12891 | 1,834,587 | ##topsia ( color blindness ) in dogs by targeting cone photoreceptors. cone function and day vision were restored for at least 33 months in two young specimens. the therapy was less efficient for older dogs. in september it was announced that an 18 - year - old male patient in france with beta thalassemia major had bee... |
Stomatal conductance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32086016 | 11,724,347 | stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m s by a porometer, estimates the rate of gas exchange ( i. e., carbon dioxide uptake ) and transpiration ( i. e., water loss as water vapor ) through the leaf stomata as determined by the degree of stomatal aperture ( and therefore the physical resistances to the movement... |
High-energy nuclear physics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1171044 | 15,776,684 | high - energy nuclear physics studies the behavior of nuclear matter in energy regimes typical of high - energy physics. the primary focus of this field is the study of heavy - ion collisions, as compared to lighter atoms in other particle accelerators. at sufficient collision energies, these types of collisions are th... |
Function composition (computer science) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1911084 | 9,839,494 | of composition is central. whole programs or systems can be treated as functions, which can be readily composed if their inputs and outputs are well - defined. pipelines allowing easy composition of filters were so successful that they became a design pattern of operating systems. imperative procedures with side effect... |
Sinusitis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28598 | 1,115,242 | infection than rvb ), coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. if the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are " streptococcus pneum... |
Mobile mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31775293 | 16,170,546 | mobile mapping is the process of collecting geospatial data from a mobile vehicle, typically fitted with a range of gnss, photographic, radar, laser, lidar or any number of remote sensing systems. such systems are composed of an integrated array of time synchronised navigation sensors and imaging sensors mounted on a m... |
AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50501391 | 25,724,083 | the aix toolbox for linux applications is a collection of gnu tools for ibm aix. these tools are available for installation using red hat ' s rpm format. each of these packages includes its own licensing information and while ibm has made the code available to aix users, the code is provided as is and has not been thor... |
Handicap principle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=333925 | 6,403,881 | while being chased, telling their predator that they will be difficult to capture. |
Whispering gallery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1037163 | 7,256,946 | a whispering gallery is usually a circular, hemispherical, elliptical or ellipsoidal enclosure, often beneath a dome or a vault, in which whispers can be heard clearly in other parts of the gallery. such galleries can also be set up using two parabolic dishes. sometimes the phenomenon is detected in caves. a whispering... |
UML state machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23959612 | 5,576,527 | and guards ). the exact syntax of action and guard expressions isn ' t defined in the uml specification, so many people use either structured english or, more formally, expressions in an implementation language such as c, c + +, or java. in practice, this means that uml statechart notation depends heavily on the specif... |
DNA profiling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44290 | 2,237,745 | guilty to both murders. although 99. 9 % of human dna sequences are the same in every person, enough of the dna is different that it is possible to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic ( identical ) twins. dna profiling uses repetitive sequences that are highly variable, called variable ... |
Ideal solution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=731401 | 7,776,193 | the vapor pressure of component formula _ 3 above the solution, formula _ 4 is its mole fraction and formula _ 5 is the vapor pressure of the pure substance formula _ 3 at the same temperature. this definition depends on vapor pressure, which is a directly measurable property, at least for volatile components. the ther... |
System of polynomial equations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27420015 | 9,696,424 | generator to the equations of the system. thus solving a polynomial system over a number field is reduced to solving another system over the rational numbers. for example, if a system contains formula _ 7, a system over the rational numbers is obtained by adding the equation and replacing formula _ 7 by in the other eq... |
Birefringence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=174412 | 2,407,496 | . then we shall find the possible wave vectors. by combining maxwell ' s equations for and, we can eliminate to obtain : we can apply the vector identity to the left hand side of, and use the spatial dependence in which each differentiation in ( for instance ) results in multiplication by to find : the right hand side ... |
Force-directed graph drawing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=710331 | 6,344,119 | force - directed graph drawing algorithms are a class of algorithms for drawing graphs in an aesthetically - pleasing way. their purpose is to position the nodes of a graph in two - dimensional or three - dimensional space so that all the edges are of more or less equal length and there are as few crossing edges as pos... |
Abelian and Tauberian theorems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=411990 | 13,580,800 | terms up to " c " average to at most " ε " / 2, while each term in the tail is bounded by ε / 2 so that the average is also necessarily bounded. the name derives from abel ' s theorem on power series. in that case " l " is the " radial limit " ( thought of within the complex unit disk ), where we let " r " tend to the ... |
Joule effect | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5143685 | 10,168,078 | joule effect and joule ' s law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by english physicist james prescott joule. these physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in the literature as the " joule effect " or " joule law " these physical effect... |
Ataxin 1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6129774 | 19,645,921 | mutations in ataxin - 1 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of cerebellar neurons, particularly purkinje neurons. in humans, " atxn1 " is located on the short arm of chromosome 6. the gene contains 9 exons, two of which are protein - coding. th... |
Link aggregation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1952952 | 2,975,270 | the extreme, one link is fully loaded while the others are completely idle and aggregate bandwidth is limited to this single member ' s maximum bandwidth. for this reason, an even load balancing and full utilization of all trunked links is almost never reached in real - life implementations. nics trunked together can a... |
Linear energy transfer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4579933 | 7,922,486 | of secondary radiation and the non - linear path of delta rays, but simplifies analytic evaluation. where formula _ 2 is the energy loss of the charged particle due to electronic collisions while traversing a distance formula _ 3, " excluding " all secondary electrons with kinetic energies larger than δ. if δ tends tow... |
Cone (topology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=782162 | 13,344,504 | then formula _ 31 is defined by where we take the basepoint of the reduced cone to be the equivalence class of formula _ 35. with this definition, the natural inclusion formula _ 36 becomes a based map. this construction also gives a functor, from the category of pointed spaces to itself. |
Test-driven development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=357881 | 1,416,767 | tactic is to fix it early. also, if a poor architecture, a poor design, or a poor testing strategy leads to a late change that makes dozens of existing tests fail, then it is important that they are individually fixed. merely deleting, disabling or rashly altering them can lead to undetectable holes in the test coverag... |
Flat band potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66494982 | 14,700,694 | in semiconductor physics, the flat band potential of a semiconductor defines the potential at which there is no depletion layer at the junction between a semiconductor and an electrolyte or p - n - junction. this is a consequence of the condition that the redox fermi level of the electrolyte must be equal to the fermi ... |
Total derivative | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1070326 | 3,471,953 | in mathematics, the total derivative of a function at a point is the best linear approximation near this point of the function with respect to its arguments. unlike partial derivatives, the total derivative approximates the function with respect to all of its arguments, not just a single one. in many situations, this i... |
Initialization vector | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=105971 | 4,794,158 | called the block size. for example, a single invocation of the aes algorithm transforms a 128 - bit plaintext block into a ciphertext block of 128 bits in size. the key, which is given as one input to the cipher, defines the mapping between plaintext and ciphertext. if data of arbitrary length is to be encrypted, a sim... |
Ontology learning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11053817 | 13,550,215 | ##yclic graphs ) is an ontology generation plugin for protege 4. 1 and oboedit 2. 1. it allows for term generation, sibling generation, definition generation, and relationship induction. integrated into protege 4. 1 and obo - edit 2. 1, dog4dag allows ontology extension for all common ontology formats ( e. g., owl and ... |
De Broglie–Bohm theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54717 | 4,274,691 | and the particles ' evolutions are governed by the guiding equation. collapse only occurs in a phenomenological way for systems that seem to follow their own schrodinger ' s equation. as this is an effective description of the system, it is a matter of choice as to what to define the experimental system to include, and... |
Biorefinery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1637397 | 9,559,507 | . the biorefinery utilizes source separated organics from the metro edmonton region, open pen feedlot manure, and food processing waste. chemrec ' s technology for black liquor gasification and production of second - generation biofuels such as biomethanol or biodme is integrated with a host pulp mill and utilizes a ma... |
Robustness (evolution) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31066305 | 17,318,068 | in evolutionary biology, robustness of a biological system ( also called biological or genetic robustness ) is the persistence of a certain characteristic or trait in a system under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty. robustness in development is known as canalization. according to the kind of perturbation invo... |
Metatranscriptomics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46204126 | 13,609,112 | metatranscriptomics is the science that studies gene expression of microbes within natural environments, i. e., the metatranscriptome. it also allows to obtain whole gene expression profiling of complex microbial communities. while metagenomics focuses on studying the genomic content and on identifying which microbes a... |
Loop quantum gravity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=152664 | 2,856,601 | at the vertex. this then naturally gives rise to the two - complex ( a combinatorial set of faces that join along edges, which in turn join on vertices ) underlying the spin foam description ; we evolve forward an initial spin network sweeping out a surface, the action of the hamiltonian constraint operator is to produ... |
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