id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 152 3.71k | question stringlengths 243 3.81k | answers sequence | messages listlengths 1 1 | prompt stringlengths 243 3.81k | responses sequencelengths 5 5 | evaluation_response sequencelengths 5 5 | score sequencelengths 5 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56e0f3907aa994140058e80a | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | Title: Canon_law
Background: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:
Question: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: | {
"text": [
"full union"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Canon_law\n\nBackground: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:\n\nQuestion: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Chur... | Title: Canon_law
Background: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:
Question: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: | [
"The term that characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church is **\"full communion.\"** \n\nThe five major rites in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff are:\n\n* Latin Rite\n* Byzantine Rite\n* Alexandrian Rite\n* Armenian Rite\n* Maronite Rite \n\n\nTh... | [
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571adcf932177014007e9f56 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its fa... | Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Background: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechet... | {
"text": [
"important trade center"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria\n\nBackground: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseil... | Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Background: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechet... | [
"According to the text, Alexandria was known for being:\n\n* **The most important trade center in the empire**\n* **A hub of intellectual, moral, and political diversity**\n* **Home to a famous catechetical school** which:\n * **Maintained its strong commitment to orthodoxy**\n * **Expanded its interests to ... | [
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57325b9fe99e3014001e670c | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religi... | {
"text": [
"disparaging individual decision-making"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\n\nBackground: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual dec... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religi... | [
"The provided text suggests several ways Jehovah's Witnesses' leaders cultivate unquestioning obedience:\n\n* **Disparaging individual decision-making:** By emphasizing the importance of following the organization's directives and teachings above personal opinions or choices, leaders discourage independent thought ... | [
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5728d8be4b864d1900164f6b | Estonia | Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in s... | Title: Estonia
Background: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy ... | {
"text": [
"black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products."
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Estonia\n\nBackground: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, po... | Title: Estonia
Background: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy ... | [
"According to the text, the most typical foods in Estonia are:\n\n* **Black bread**\n* **Pork**\n* **Potatoes**\n* **Dairy products** \n\n\nLet me know if you'd like to know more about Estonian cuisine! \n",
"According to the text, the most typical foods in Estonia are:\n\n* **Black bread**\n* **Pork**\n* **Potat... | [
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"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
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56f6f5e1711bf01900a44898 | Classical_music | Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called... | Title: Classical_music
Background: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fidd... | {
"text": [
"wood"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Classical_music\n\nBackground: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early ver... | Title: Classical_music
Background: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fidd... | [
"The medieval flute was made from **wood**. \n\n\nThe passage states: \"Medieval instruments included the wood flute...\" \n",
"The medieval flute was made from **wood**. \n\n\nThe passage states: \"Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments in... | [
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5a36fffb95360f001af1b3c1 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | Title: Gregorian_calendar
Background: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Gregorian_calendar\n\nBackground: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira... | Title: Gregorian_calendar
Background: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar... | [
"The answer to your question depends on the time period you're interested in:\n\n* **Before 1926:** The year number was **roughly equivalent to the Hegira year** (used in the Islamic calendar).\n* **From 1917 to 1926:** The fiscal year number was set using the **Gregorian calendar**, but it was still roughly equiv... | [
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5728fd38af94a219006a9edd | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | Title: Samurai
Background: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial ... | {
"text": [
"Kyoto"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Samurai\n\nBackground: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves ... | Title: Samurai
Background: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial ... | [
"According to the text, the imperial family lived in **Kyoto**. \n",
"The imperial family lived in **Kyoto**. \n",
"The imperial family lived in **Kyoto**. \n",
"According to the text, the imperial family lived in **Kyoto**. \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions! \n",
"The imperial family lived... | [
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5726c774f1498d1400e8eb0d | Utrecht | When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages... | Title: Utrecht
Background: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal... | {
"text": [
"not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Utrecht\n\nBackground: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to t... | Title: Utrecht
Background: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal... | [
"The territory of the bishopric of Utrecht included:\n\n* **The modern province of Utrecht** (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht')\n* **Areas extending to the northeast** \n* **Large areas in the modern province of Overijssel** (Oversticht) \n\n\nIt also **previously** included the Veluwe region, which was later seized by ... | [
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57264da2dd62a815002e8108 | Department_store | A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and... | Title: Department_store
Background: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Bo... | {
"text": [
"increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Department_store\n\nBackground: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The ... | Title: Department_store
Background: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Bo... | [
"Here's the answer to your question, broken down:\n\n* **Initial Income:** 500,000 francs in 1852\n* **Income After Changes (1860):** 5,000,000 francs\n\n* **Profit Increase:** 5,000,000 - 500,000 = 4,500,000 francs\n\n\n**Therefore, the profit for Au Bon Marché increased by 4,500,000 francs after Aristide Boucicau... | [
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56fdeee819033b140034cde7 | Computer | Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Inte... | Title: Computer
Background: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand th... | {
"text": [
"a PDA or a hand-held videogame"
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"answer_start": [
239
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{
"content": "Title: Computer\n\nBackground: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videoga... | Title: Computer
Background: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand th... | [
"An ARM architecture computer can be found in:\n\n* **PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)**\n* **Hand-held videogame consoles** \n",
"An ARM architecture computer can be found in:\n\n* **PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)**\n* **Handheld videogame consoles** \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions! \n",
... | [
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56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de7 | Middle_Ages | During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious... | Title: Middle_Ages
Background: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork cont... | {
"text": [
"ivory"
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"answer_start": [
723
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Middle_Ages\n\nBackground: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton \"by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops\", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for ... | Title: Middle_Ages
Background: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork cont... | [
"According to the text, many pieces of secular art were carved from **ivory**. \n",
"The answer is **ivory**. \n\n\nThe text states: \"Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures h... | [
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57325c2fe99e3014001e6716 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the gro... | {
"text": [
"\"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\""
],
"answer_start": [
330
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\n\nBackground: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are \"not always very democratic\" and that members \"are expected to conform to rather strict standards,\" but adds that \"enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the gro... | [
"According to sociologist Rodney Stark, Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as **\"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\"** \n\n\nThis suggests they believe they actively contribute to the governance and direction of the organization, rather than simply following orders from a centralized authority... | [
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56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf42 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Title: Estonian_language
Background: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from... | {
"text": [
"High German"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Estonian_language\n\nBackground: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germani... | Title: Estonian_language
Background: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from... | [
"According to the provided text, Estonian derives a significant portion of its vocabulary from **High German**, including standard German. \n\n\nIt also states that **Low Saxon** (Middle Low German) is another major source of loanwords, making up about 15%. \n\n",
"The passage states that Estonian borrows vocabul... | [
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572723b8dd62a815002e9957 | Capacitor | Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may co... | Title: Capacitor
Background: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery... | {
"text": [
"with the terminals shorted"
],
"answer_start": [
763
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Capacitor\n\nBackground: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered ... | Title: Capacitor
Background: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery... | [
"The terminals of high voltage capacitors are stored **shorted**. \n\n\nThis is done to prevent potentially dangerous voltages from building up in the capacitor due to:\n\n* **Dielectric absorption:** Even when disconnected, a capacitor can slowly retain a charge over time due to the properties of its dielectric ma... | [
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572686975951b619008f75a3 | Chicago_Cubs | The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Pa... | Title: Chicago_Cubs
Background: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home... | {
"text": [
"Sloan Park"
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"answer_start": [
57
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Chicago_Cubs\n\nBackground: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of ... | Title: Chicago_Cubs
Background: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home... | [
"The Cubs' current spring training facility is located at Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona. \n",
"The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona. \n\n\n",
"The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in **Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona**. \n\n\nLet me know if you have any... | [
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56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d1 | Nanjing | As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for t... | Title: Nanjing
Background: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of th... | {
"text": [
"Jiangsu Sainty"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Nanjing\n\nBackground: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which... | Title: Nanjing
Background: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of th... | [
"The name of the football club in Nanjing is **Jiangsu Sainty**. \n",
"The football club in Nanjing is Jiangsu Sainty. \n",
"The football club in Nanjing mentioned in the text is **Jiangsu Sainty**. \n",
"The football club in Nanjing is **Jiangsu Sainty**. \n",
"The football club in Nanjing is **Jiangsu Sa... | [
"[[10]]\n",
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"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
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56fa5330f34c681400b0c07b | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | Title: Wood
Background: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such ... | {
"text": [
"cellulose"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Wood\n\nBackground: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density... | Title: Wood
Background: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such ... | [
"Cellulose \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions!",
"The answer is **cellulose**. \n\n\nThe background information states: \"Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be... chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material...\" \n",
"The answer is **cellulose**. \n\n\nThe backgrou... | [
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570700329e06ca38007e9299 | Letter_case | Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ... | Title: Letter_case
Background: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common v... | {
"text": [
"lowercase"
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"answer_start": [
261
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Letter_case\n\nBackground: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the low... | Title: Letter_case
Background: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common v... | [
"The most common variant of case in text is **lowercase**. \n\n\nThe background information provided explains that lowercase letters are more common in text because they are used for the majority of words, while uppercase is reserved for specific purposes. \n",
"The most common variant of case in text is **lowerc... | [
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56f762fbaef2371900625b90 | Slavs | Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river nam... | Title: Slavs
Background: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a... | {
"text": [
"Carpathian basin"
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"answer_start": [
195
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Slavs\n\nBackground: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romania... | Title: Slavs
Background: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a... | [
"The Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remained in the **Carpathian basin**. \n\n\nThe passage states: \"a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population.\" \n",
"The passage states that the Slavs who assimilated into the Mag... | [
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56f8220daef2371900625e0a | Szlachta | In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas c... | Title: Szlachta
Background: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the E... | {
"text": [
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],
"answer_start": [
470
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Szlachta\n\nBackground: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: \"przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie\"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrar... | Title: Szlachta
Background: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the E... | [
"According to the Privileges of Jedlnia and Kraków, a court needs to issue a **warrant** to imprison a member of the nobility. \n",
"According to the Privileges of Jedlnia, a court needs a **warrant** to imprison a member of the nobility. \n",
"According to the Privileges of Jedlnia, a court needs to issue a *... | [
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5727c05f3acd2414000deb85 | Rule_of_law | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | Title: Rule_of_law
Background: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended... | {
"text": [
"1607"
],
"answer_start": [
3
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: Rule_of_law\n\nBackground: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the ... | Title: Rule_of_law
Background: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended... | [
"English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in **1607**. \n",
"Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in **1607**. \n",
"English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in **1607**. \n\n\nYou got that right from the first sentence of the provided ... | [
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5a0803c33fc8740018207115 | Infrared | Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a... | Title: Infrared
Background: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluorid... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Infrared\n\nBackground: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous o... | Title: Infrared
Background: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluorid... | [
"The provided text states that **cloud droplets and water vapor** absorb infrared radiation and re-radiate it. \n\nIt's important to note that water vapor doesn't *emit* water vapor back to the atmosphere. Instead, it absorbs infrared radiation and then re-emits it in all directions. This process contributes to th... | [
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5a811e7a31013a001a334b90 | Time | The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure... | Title: Time
Background: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., ... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
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{
"content": "Title: Time\n\nBackground: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to trav... | Title: Time
Background: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., ... | [
"The invariant interval between two events is independent of the **observer (and his velocity)**. \n\n\nThis means that no matter how fast an observer is moving, they will always measure the same invariant interval between two events. \n",
"The invariant interval between two events in Minkowski spacetime is inde... | [
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5706950a52bb891400689a9f | House_music | In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Paula Abdul, Aretha Frank... | Title: House_music
Background: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Ja... | {
"text": [
"a more mainstream pop-based variation"
],
"answer_start": [
179
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} | [
{
"content": "Title: House_music\n\nBackground: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups s... | Title: House_music
Background: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Ja... | [
"The variation of house music produced by artists such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue was a **more mainstream pop-based variation**. \n\n\nThe text states: \"House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular.\" \n",
"The passage states that... | [
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"[[8]]\n",
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5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03c | Tuvalu | The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician... | Title: Tuvalu
Background: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island ... | {
"text": [
"Nukufetau and Funafuti"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Tuvalu\n\nBackground: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which h... | Title: Tuvalu
Background: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island ... | [
"According to the text, de Peyster sighted **Nukufetau and Funafuti**. \n",
"The passage states that de Peyster sighted **Nukufetau** and **Funafuti**. \n\n\n",
"De Peyster sighted **Nukufetau and Funafuti**. \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions! \n",
"According to the text, de Peyster sighted **... | [
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5a8cb0dcfd22b3001a8d8d3e | Biodiversity | Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and micro-organisms, whil... | Title: Biodiversity
Background: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, a... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Biodiversity\n\nBackground: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market ar... | Title: Biodiversity
Background: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, a... | [
"Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of economic resources. \n\n\nThe passage states this directly in the first sentence. \n",
"Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of economic resources. \n\n\nThe text clearly states this in the... | [
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"[[7]]\n",
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5726ad27f1498d1400e8e6df | Botany | 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship b... | Title: Botany
Background: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metab... | {
"text": [
"all plant cells are totipotent"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Botany\n\nBackground: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomi... | Title: Botany
Background: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metab... | [
"The answer is: **The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro**. \n\n\nThis concept allowed scientists to cultivate plant cells outside of their natural environment, which was essential for developing techniques to manipulate their genet... | [
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5733612b4776f41900660936 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argument and estimates of timing) 12 economists wi... | Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Background: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with suppo... | {
"text": [
"Alan Greenspan"
],
"answer_start": [
1005
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nBackground: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his rese... | Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Background: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with suppo... | [
"The answer is **Alan Greenspan**. \n\n\nThe passage states: \"a perspective that even former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan in Congressional testimony confessed himself forced to return to.\" \n",
"The former Fed Chair who confessed in Congressional testimony to being forced to return to the perspective of lax moneta... | [
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56e19227cd28a01900c679d2 | Catalan_language | In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases. | Title: Catalan_language
Background: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.
Qu... | {
"text": [
"/a u i/"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Catalan_language\n\nBackground: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel ha... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.
Qu... | [
"The letters **a, u, and i** remain distinct. \n\n\nThe passage states: \"/a u i/ remain distinct\". \n",
"The letters that remain distinct in Western Catalan after unstressed vowel reduction are **a, u, and i**. \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions about Catalan phonetics! \n",
"The letters **a, ... | [
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57262598271a42140099d5a1 | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | Title: Mammal
Background: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more... | {
"text": [
"167 million years"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Mammal\n\nBackground: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes a... | Title: Mammal
Background: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more... | [
"Based on the information provided, monotremes and therian mammals diverged around **167 million years ago** during the Middle Jurassic period. \n\n\nThis is the approximate time when Ambondro (more closely related to monotremes) and Amphilestes/Amphitherium (more closely related to therians) lived. \n\n",
"The ... | [
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"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
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56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0614 | Southampton | The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in t... | Title: Southampton
Background: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard s... | {
"text": [
"Royal Princess"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Southampton\n\nBackground: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day o... | Title: Southampton
Background: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard s... | [
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the **Royal Princess** on June 13, 2013. \n",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the **Royal Princess** on June 13, 2013. \n\n\n",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the **Royal Princess** on June 13, 2013. \n",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the **Royal Prince... | [
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5a6fe8a58abb0b001a676045 | Alsace | The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucrout... | Title: Alsace
Background: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the F... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Alsace\n\nBackground: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This wo... | Title: Alsace
Background: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the F... | [
"Pork products are **not** fermented in the process of making choucroute. \n\nThe **cabbage** is fermented in wooden barrels with salt and juniper. \n\nPork products are typically served **with** choucroute as a traditional accompaniment. \n\n\n",
"Pork products are **not** fermented in the Choucroute recipe. \... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
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572b69e434ae481900deadeb | Guam | The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christia... | Title: Guam
Background: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands Unive... | {
"text": [
"Pacific Islands University"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Guam\n\nBackground: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United State... | Title: Guam
Background: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands Unive... | [
"The answer is **Pacific Islands University**. \n\n\nThe text states: \"Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools.\" \n",
"Pacific Islands University \n",
"The small Christian college in Guam ... | [
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"[[10]]\n",
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5731cdbce17f3d1400422437 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and ... | Title: Steven_Spielberg
Background: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she... | {
"text": [
"\"I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,\""
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Steven_Spielberg\n\nBackground: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, \"I met a real heartbreaker last... | Title: Steven_Spielberg
Background: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she... | [
"Irving didn't want to be in Spielberg's films while dating because she wanted to be known for her own acting success, not just as Spielberg's girlfriend. \n\n\nShe wanted to establish her own identity and career independent of his fame. \n",
"Irving didn't want to be known solely as Steven Spielberg's girlfriend... | [
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5ad01e2d77cf76001a686a9c | Kievan_Rus%27 | The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos, became the first bishop of the Ch... | Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Background: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos,... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Kievan_Rus%27\n\nBackground: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael... | Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Background: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos,... | [
"The text provided states that the exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain. \n",
"The passage states that the exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is **uncertain**. \n",
"The passage states that the exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain. \n",
"The passage state... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
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57263583271a42140099d780 | Incandescent_light_bulb | To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of th... | Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Background: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0... | {
"text": [
"The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Incandescent_light_bulb\n\nBackground: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and th... | Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Background: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0... | [
"The advantage of a coiled-coil filament over a straight filament is that it **evaporates more slowly** despite having the same surface area and light-emitting power. \n\nHere's why:\n\n* **Reduced Evaporation Rate:** The coiled shape increases the surface area exposed to heat, but the evaporation rate is calculat... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
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9
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5ace5cb432bba1001ae4a3f9 | Hunting | Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in man... | Title: Hunting
Background: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hun... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Hunting\n\nBackground: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as \"the deer hunter\" (mriga me... | Title: Hunting
Background: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hun... | [
"The provided text does not mention Shiva being accidentally wounded by a hunter and dying. \n\nIt focuses on instances where other characters, like Dasharatha, Pandu, and Krishna, were involved in hunting accidents with fatal consequences. \n\n\nLet me know if you have any other questions about Hindu mythology! \... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
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57293627af94a219006aa19d | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Background: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In con... | {
"text": [
"biologically indefensible"
],
"answer_start": [
992
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Race_(human_categorization)\n\nBackground: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that ra... | Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Background: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In con... | [
"Douglas J. Futuyma considered the concept of race to be **biologically indefensible**. \n\n\nThe quote states: \"The concept of race, masking the overwhelming genetic similarity of all peoples and the mosaic patterns of variation that do not correspond to racial divisions, is not only socially dysfunctional but i... | [
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