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Food but Overserviced.
If i could i would rate this restaurant a 5 for the food, because it was just fabulous. On the other hand the server was just like ants in my pants. She was overly friendly and way to professional, and she hovered over our table (like flies on feces) so we couldn't eat in peace. Just warning you now. | eng | a7c62ab5-f845-4015-abbe-0693adfa6571 | http://national.citysearch.com/profile/602715342/bismarck_nd/olive_garden.html?publisher=ask&placement=local&reference_id=1 |
Population Mental Health : Evidence, Policy, and Public Health Practice
Population Mental Health identifies the tools and strategies of public health practice ' surveillance and screening, early identification, preventive interventions, health promotion and community action ' and their application to twenty-first century public mental health policy and practice.Public health has been very successful in eradicating and controlling a host of diseases through immunization efforts, safer food practices, public health education and promotion, improved sanitation and water purification. The result has been a dramatic improvement in health and life expectancy. However, the huge impact that mental illnesses have on individuals and society as a whole has largely been overlooked by the discipline.This pioneering volume examines the evidence-base for incorporating mental health into the public health agenda by linking the available research on population-based mental health with public mental health policy and practice. Issues covered include:the influence of health and mental health policies on the care and well-being of individuals with mental illness and urban communities over the past fifty years the potential application of public health models of intervention in order to mitigate the progression toward mental disorders among populations at risk obstacles to adopting a public health orientation to mental health/mental illness in terms of public policy, mental health epidemiology, workforce challenges, and stigma the interconnectedness of both physical and mental disorders and how that relationship affects morbidity and mortality.Setting out a unique and innovative model for integrated public mental health care, this book will be of interest to academics and researchers in public health and mental health policy and practice.
Notes on contributors
p. viii
Acknowledgments
p. xi
Population mental health: evidence, policy, and public health practice
p. 1
Evidence
p. 7
The burden of mental disorders worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health surveys
p. 9
Epidemiology in public mental health
p. 38
Social and environmental influences on population mental health
p. 51
Disparities in mental health status and care in the U.S.
p. 69
The particular role of stigma
p. 92
Policy
p. 117
Social policy and the American mental health system of care
p. 119
Legislating social policy: mental illness, the community, and the law
p. 139
Community rights, recovery, and advocacy
p. 161
"No health without mental health": the global effort to improve population mental health
p. 174
Public health practice
p. 193
Mental health service utilization in the United States: Past, present, and future
p. 195
Public health approaches to improving population mental health: a local government perspective on integrating mental health promotion into general public health practice
p. 206
Realizing the possibilities of school mental health across the public health continuum
p. 224
Healthy aging and mental health: a public health challenge for the 21st century | eng | 74f2558b-9da3-4fd6-8e45-3514b974ed0f | http://www.biggerbooks.com/population-mental-health-evidence-policy/bk/9780415779210 |
Though there are many larger clusters around the world, this particular one is just right for Janelia Farm. "Beautifully conceived, ruthlessly efficient, and extraordinarily well run by the high-performance computing team," according to Janelia researcher Sean Eddy, the system is designed to make digital images available lightning fast while muscling through the monster calculations required to help investigators conduct genome searches and catalog the inner workings and structures of the brain.
A group leader at Janelia Farm, Eddy deals in the realm of millions of computations daily as he compares sequences of DNA. He is a rare breed, both biologist and code jockey. "I'm asking biological questions, and designing technologies for other people to ask biological questions," he says.
Eddy writes algorithms to help researchers extract information from DNA sequences. It's a gargantuan matching game where a biological sequence—DNA, RNA, or protein—is treated as a string of letters and compared with other sequences. "From a computer science standpoint, it's similar to voice recognition and data mining," he says. "You're comparing one piece against another. We look for a signal in what looks like random noise."
Eddy looks for the hand of evolution in DNA by comparing different organisms' genomes. He's searching for strings of DNA sequences that match—more than random chance would dictate.
"It's a lot like recognizing words from different languages that have a common ancestry, thus probably the same meaning," he explains. "In two closely related languages—Italian and Spanish, for example—it's pretty obvious to anyone which words are basically the same. That would be like two genes from humans and apes."
But in organisms that are more divergent, Eddy needs to understand how DNA sequences tend to change over time. "And it becomes a difficult specialty, with serious statistical analysis," he says.
From a computational standpoint, that means churning through a lot of operations. Comparing two typical-sized protein sequences, to take a simple example, would require a whopping 10200 operations. Classic algorithms, available since the 1960s, can trim that search to 160,000 computations—a task that would take only a millisecond or so on any modern processor. But in the genome business, people routinely do enormous numbers of these sequence comparisons—trillions and trillions of them. These "routine" calculations could take years if they had to be done on a single computer.
That's where the Janelia cluster comes in. Because a different part of the workload can easily be doled out to each of its 4,000 processors, researchers can get their answers 4,000 times faster—in hours instead of years. The solutions don't tend to lead to eureka moments; rather, they provide reference data for genome researchers as they delve into the complexities of different organisms. "These computational tools are infrastructural, a foundation for many things," Eddy says. | eng | f96e7013-ba12-40cf-8068-0ca1cae88cc0 | http://www.hhmi.org/bulletin/may2010/features/marvel2.html |
endometrial ablation
Endometrial ablation is an effective treatment for heavy periods. Heavy periods can affect many aspects of your life and increase your risk of having anaemia (a condition where you don't have enough red blood cells to transport the oxygen around your body), which in turn can make you feel tired, breathless and faint.
What are the alternatives?
Endometrial ablation may be recommended only if non-surgical treatments, such as taking medicines (such as the combined oral contraceptive pill) or an intra-uterine system (a coil in the womb - Mirena®) don't help reduce heavy bleeding.
Endometrial ablation is not usually recommended if you have growths in your womb (fibroids) or if you want to have children in the future, because it affects fertility.
Preparing for your procedure
Your surgeon will explain how to prepare for your procedure. For example, if you smoke, you will be asked to stop as smoking increases your risk of getting a chest and wound infection, which can slow your recovery.
Your surgeon may prescribe some medicine a month before the procedure to thin your womb lining. This makes the treatment more effective. The medicine may be given either as an injection or as a course of tablets.
Endometrial ablation is usually done as a day case under local anaesthesia. This completely blocks feeling in the neck of the womb (cervix) and you stay awake during the procedure. A sedative may be given with a local anaesthetic to help you relax. Sometimes general anaesthesia is used. This means you will be asleep during the procedure.
Your surgeon will advise which type of anaesthesia is most suitable for you.
If you have local anaesthesia, you may be given medicine to help stop the womb from cramping. This is a normal response to treatment.
If you have general anaesthesia, you will be asked to follow fasting instructions. Typically, you must not eat or drink for about six hours before a general anaesthetic. However, nurse will prepare you for theatre. You may also be asked to wear compression stockings to help prevent blood clots forming in the veins in your legs.
About the procedure
Endometrial ablation usually takes about half an hour.
A telescope called a hysteroscope is passed through the vagina and cervix so that your surgeon can see your womb. Special instruments are then used to remove the womb lining using one of several methods.
Electrocautery (or diathermy) - a low-voltage electric current is passed through a wire loop or ball-shaped sensor to burn the womb lining.
Laser ablation - a high-energy beam of light burns the womb lining.
Heated fluid - a balloon-like device is placed in the womb and filled with fluid. The fluid is heated to destroy the womb lining.
Microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) - heat from microwaves is used to destroy the womb lining.
What to expect afterwards
If you have general anaesthesia, you will need to rest until the effects of the anaesthetic have passed. You may need pain relief to help with any discomfort as the anaesthetic wears off.
You will need to wear a sanitary towel as you will have some vaginal bleeding.
You will usually be able to go home when you feel ready. Your nurse may give you a date for a follow-up appointment.
You will need to arrange for someone to drive you home. You should try to have a friend or relative stay with you for the first 24 hours.
Recovering from endometrial ablationFollow your surgeon's advice about getting back to your usual activities and having sexual intercourse.
You shouldn't use tampons for at least one month after having an endometrial ablation to help lower your risk of infection.
If you develop any of the following symptoms contact your GP as you may have developed an infection:
prolonged heavy bleeding
vaginal discharge that is dark or smells unpleasant
severe pain
pain that lasts for more than 48 hours
high temperature
It can take up to three to six months to see whether the operation has been successful. Most women have lighter periods after the procedure, others will stop having periods altogether. Contact your GP or surgeon if you start to have heavy periods again.
What are the risks?
Endometrial ablation, feeling sick as a result of the general anaesthetic.
You are likely to feel some discomfort similar to period pain for a few days. You will also have some vaginal bleeding, similar in amount to a normal period. This may last for up to a month.
Complications
This is when problems occur during or after the operation. Most women endometrial ablation are rare but can include:
infection of the womb - antibiotics can help treat an infection
damage to the womb, vagina or cervix, and/or part of the bowel - this may require further surgery to repair the damage
It is possible that your heavy periods may return and endometrial ablation may need to be repeated Mr Robin Crawford, MD, FRCS, FRCOG, Consultant Gynaecologist, and by Bupa doctors. The content is intended for general information only and does not replace the need for personal advice from a qualified health professional. | eng | 08829bdb-a6f0-4bea-a800-a4ccb143a487 | http://www.bupa.co.nz/fact_sheets/Factsheet.aspx?fs=cnt_endometrial_ablation.html |
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When you get here - first day at the school
After all the preparation in your home country, your completed journey to London and your relieved arrival at your accommodation, what actually happens when you finally find yourself at the doors of SGI? What happens on your first day at the school?
Welcome Pack
When you arrive at the reception of the school in Margaret Street, besides a warm welcome you will be handed your Welcome Pack. This contains a number of useful items: (1) A booklet about the school, its student services and facilities plus information on the area the school is located in (2) A 'Welcome to London' booklet, produced by the London Transport Authority, that includes tube and bus maps, tips for travelling around London, and information on top London attractions. (3) An SGI pen and notebook!
Placement test & interview
Once you've received your Welcome Pack, you will be taken to the Director of Studies, where you will be given a placement test to complete. Don't worry, this is not an exam! It is just a way of helping us to establish your level of English. The test takes about 20 minutes and once the test is completed and marked, you will then be interviewed by one of our teachers to see how well you can speak and understand English. With the results of the interview and test, we will then have the necessary information to place you into a class at the right level of English for you.
Teacher/classroom information
So, following your test and interview results, the Director of Studies will give you the names of your teachers, along with details of the rooms you'll study in, and confirmation of your study times. You will also be given the course book you will use for your period of study with us.
E-learning induction
Almost done! The last step is a quick induction into the SGI e-learning programme, conducted by one of our teachers. This fantastic on-line learning opportunity is a superb way to supplement your classroom study with us. One great feature is that you can continue the programme for up to 8 weeks after you finish your course at SGI London.
Your first class
OK, now it's time to go to your first class. Obviously our teachers will make you welcome and you will be studying with people who are at the same level of English as you. During your first class, the teacher will take a few minutes to run through the Social Programme for the week. There is always a great mix of events and activities for you to participate in if you feel like it. | eng | b403177a-94dc-44c4-8678-c5671bed180c | http://www.stgeorges.co.uk/when-you-get-here |
Do you believe Natalee is the only MBer to do belly shots? There are no statements otherwise.
"Beth is a completely despicable piece of pond scum. She calculated and planned this murder. Most likely expecting it to be someone she considered a 'throw away' human from the barrio."
resigned wrote: Joran, Deepak and Satish, all independently when questioned, identified the girl that got in the car as Natalee Holloway.
There is no way that I believe that anyone else except Natalee was the person that got into the Kalpoe car while leaving Carlos and Charlies in the early morning hours of May 30, 2005. IMO all three would most certainly be disputing that huge point up until this day - which they aren't and haven't ever.
IF this theory was correct, they would STILL not know.
"Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.""all the brothers"?
where did "all the brothers" say that, or her friends?
"Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist."
WordsofWisdom wrote: "all the brothers"? where did "all the brothers" say that, or her friends?
Satish, June 11
saw that the girl laid down on top of the bar. I had never seen this before. I asked Joran "What is she going to do." Joran told me that the girl wanted him to drink a bodyshot off of her. I saw that the girl poured a drink on her belly, after which Joran drank it (sucked it up). The girl had paid for the bodyshot (drink). According to me I had stood alone for a while. Joran cam
K Hemingway wrote: Joran was not the only one to lick one off her belly...
Whatresigned wrote: WhatHow does this prove anything at all?
You say Satish saw Joran do it.... ok.
What is your point?
What does this prove?
It only proves that the girl Joran did a bellyshot with is the one he left with. I agree with that.
"Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist."
plhtx1 wrote:"Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist."
WordsofWisdom wrote: Because "ghost" knows no other way. She IS from Mountain Brook, so factor that in.
You are from Aruba. How do I know? You make up stories and present them as fact.
It's statements like that that killed credibility of certain people who attempted to cast every citizen of Aruba in one singular light. You, my dear, are no different from Beth in that respect. When you do this, change Mountain Brook to Aruba. You'll see what I mean.
DocTar wrote: Why mock her? She's allowed her opinion same as you are.
I mock the constant I AM RIGHT YOU ARE WRONG in reference to "facts" we all know this poster doesn't know for a fact. It's one thing to voice an opinion. You'll notice opinions aren't what I'm mocking. It's statements made as fact that are not fact but opinion.
So. WoW. You STATE for a FACT these things. As you obviously are presenting them not as your opinion but as fact, surely you can explain.
1. What has Brian Riser lied about, to whom, and how do you know?
2. We can assume that you have, in fact, have had detailed conversations with Bryan Reynolds as you know, for a fact, he did not come into contact with either Deepak or Satish, yes?
3. You have, we can assume, been in contact with Natalee Holloway after May 30, 2005 as you know, for a fact, that she did not leave with Joran, correct?
Doesn't look that dim to me. I've been in places where the only light is from cigarettes and lighters.
Do you think that no one could see one another because it was after midnight and/or crowded and/or of the alcohol factor ( in a bar/restaurant of all places)? These were teenagers - not senior citizens with hearing and eye issues.
One would have to take a ginormous amount of liberty and assumptions to just get to the point that they couldn't ID Natalee just from mere sight - but taken into consideration that at least Joran spoke to her in the club, licked a shot off of her, according to him and that all three later identified the girl as Natalee...it is impossible. IMO | eng | ccbb3d35-f57c-4a15-9efd-35680317bf15 | http://www.refugeesunleashed.net/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=19421&start=125 |
"Three friends and I drove an hour and a half to go to the Luau. When we got there it was deserted, so we left after an hour. After seeing these pictures, I wished we had gotten there much later, so we could have participated in all the fun that obviously happened later that night." | eng | 9c3d4148-4b3c-43cf-98e6-affd7f269a25 | http://suicidegirls.com/girls/Alissa/albums/member/214937/ |
A Project With A Notable Namesake
The Apollo 13 Project takes its name from a near disaster that became a triumph, when NASA's April, 1970 lunar landing was canceled after equipment failures in space. Three astronauts were stranded on their way to the moon, with damaged equipment, dwindling fuel, oxygen, food, and water. The bottom line is this: When the odds were slim, and no one was sure how to overcome them, the crew on earth worked sleepless days and nights to clear the hurdles and bring the travelers home. The story of the effort to bring the astronauts home was brought to life on film in 1995 by Ron Howard and Tom Hanks. This live BBC footage is perhaps even more powerful, if you can indulge a brief, slightly-hokey musical interlude:
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The parallel, while not perfect, is poignant, and it helps clarify the stakes. With 40% of released prisoners in the U.S. returning to prison within three years, the costs of crime, incarceration, lost productivity are high. Less measurable is the human costs to communities and the families of the incarcerated. The Apollo 13 Project mission is to develop the ground support necessary to help prisoners accomplish a challenging reentry into society, with odds stacked against them in such areas as employment, housing, and addictions, and mental health.
Mission Statement
Building Social Support for Ex-Offenders
Mission Statement
By enabling people to think more intelligently about ex-offenders and the justice system, Apollo 13 aims to engender better social support, more employment opportunities and more innovative prisoner reentry policy solutions – which, in turn, will reduce recidivism, improve public safety, save tax dollars, and lower incarceration rates.
Theory of Change
An Interlocking Theory of Change
In this diagram, we start with the global objective at the bottom. Then we place the Apollo 13 strategies at the top, and trace the projected impacts, including measurable objectives indicated with the four-pointed stars. Click the image for a printable PDF version.
Humanizing ex-offenders
Humanizing Ex-Offenders
One of the best books on World War II is Studs Terkel's The Good War, which collects the verbatim voices from all sides and all types of experience, from school children, to factory workers, to soldiers. Few works so effectively convey humanity in the midst of war, with striking insights and a force of delivery that even the best data cannot reach. A13.org will do for prisoner reentry what Terkel did with WWII, and story collection will be a prime focus of the students working the project. Here's an example of the kind of story we're looking for. Dave is not a killer, but he does make killer bread. He's a former meth addict and repeat offender for drug and property crimes. This is the story of how he turned it around. | eng | 27c7a036-4b7e-46a3-bdb0-a8e0f2d3dcfa | http://a13.org/answer/ |
Safety Ensured with Army Lockers
Each and every military personnel are provided army lockers to store their belongings safely. Personnel are being given a lot of stuff of their use. To store them safely is their responsibility. These generally have a hanger rod and a shelf. Under the rod there remains a lot of space to store bigger things like backpack or shoes. The hanger rod consists of hooks to hang all type of stuff. They also come with the tire option to make it useful for different purposes.
These are made of a material called wire mesh, which is created with strong wires. Every joint is welded strongly to provide security and strength. The panels are bolted together with nuts made of zinc. These are also coated with a strong material which makes them rust proof. There are lock options also to make them safer to store any kind of stuff. These come with centre locking and 3 point locking system with double doors. So durability and security is not an issue with these.
These are not only used in military setups but other places also like federal buildings, court houses, judicial offices or correctional facilities like jail. It's also used by the people who deal with weapons and other dangerous things. They also come in different measurements to match the preference of different users. Some need the small ones and other the bigger ones. They are available for everyone. Some times these are made on demand of the customers mainly the military personals to meet their particular requirements.
As these are made with utmost care and the best of materials available, there is no need to worry about the stored items. Also the space is not a problem because they come in different sizes. Safety is always ensured with a lot of space in the army lockers. | eng | fe8399bc-207d-4e4c-adfa-723926a82934 | http://www.majorpartitions.com/TA50-armylockers330.html |
India to Reintroduce Cheetah:
Returning the cheetah to India would make it the only country to have 6 of the world's 8 large cats. It would also be the only country to have all the large cats of Asia. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has approved a "plan to plan" for the reintroduction cheetahs. The original concept was approved by the WTI or Wildlife Trust of India in September of 2009. Experts, such as Dr. Laurie Marker of the Cheetah Conservation Fund and Dr. Urs Breitenmoser, Chairman of the Cat Specialist Group of the IUCN, think the African cheetah should be introduced rather than the Asiatic (Iranian) cheetah since the population of Iranian cheetahs is too low to spare any members. There are estimated to be about 100 Iranian cheetahs. Dr. Stephen J. O'Brien, Chief of the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity at the National Cancer Institute in the United States, says there is no significant genetic difference between African and Asiatic Cheetahs.
The cheetah is thought to be the only large mammal to have gone extinct from India in modern times.
Read more:
Wildlife Trust of IndiaScientific American Article | eng | 5a01a196-dc49-4349-bf48-5a88b13c8108 | http://www.cheetahspot.com/reintroducing.php |
Post navigation
Old Things in New Ways
The introduction of new tools has, without a doubt changed teaching and learning. In this week's reading, Marc Prensky's Shaping Tech for the Classroom, he outlines the 4 step process of technology adoption. The 4 steps are
Dabbling.
Doing old things in old ways.
Doing old things in new ways.
Doing new things in new ways.
This is something I debated with colleagues last year when attending a PYP course, ICT in the PYP. We talked quite a bit about how using technology to do old things in new ways had a lot of benefits and could be more efficient. One example I talked about was helping my Year 2 students to learn to read Dolch Words. Dolch words are a list of 220 frequently used words in the English language. These words were prepared in 1936 and first published in 1948. In my first few years of teaching I would get index cards and use markers to write the words to use with my students, then as more teachers began sharing, I found great sites with pre made flashcards, which at the time I thought was fantastic, and that there was no way things could get any better. Now, there are online games that I put onto my class Delicious page for them to work on, iPad apps, and interactive activities I can do on my IWB. What is that I hear you saying? That there are still students that struggle to read the Dolch word lists? Yes, there are still children who struggle to read the words but having access to engaging technologies is just one way of helping them learn. I'm doing the same thing (teaching the Dolch words) that teachers have been doing for decades but having it all available at my fingertips is extremely beneficial. I am endeavoring to do new things in new ways. This is an evolving process. I recently became involved with Julie LIndsay's Flat Classroom – K-2 Project – Building Bridges to Tomorrow, and my class is participating in this project where we are figuring out how young students can effectively connect, communicate and collaborate in a global project.
I recently came across an interesting video – a teacher from Canada showing what doing old things in new ways looks like in her classroom. | eng | 892443ef-3d69-46fc-b615-c33537f59dbd | http://www.coetail.com/hgoggins/2012/03/11/43/ |
H.P.'s "The Voice" - "The Myth" > He stands out all above the rest, blonder than the best!I bet, that with a special edit from me, it's possible to put all 20 songs on a 80 minutes long cd. I've transformed the Berlin concert with all songs already on a 80 minutes cd.Quoted from "Traxx"
Typical... why not remove JAOTW, Nessaja, JTR and maybe One instead?
JAOTW and JTR weren't released on live CD's yet + ONE is mega popular amongst the fans and Nessaja is Scooter treasured #1 hit, so that's why those aren't removed
H.P.'s "The Voice" - "The Myth" > He stands out all above the rest, blonder than the best!
Typical... why not remove JAOTW, Nessaja, JTR and maybe One instead?
I know that I, as an artist, would have prioritated new stuff instead of old, especially overplayed songs like Nessaja and One.
Because that would make no sense at all. Those are the tracks that the majority of people want. To them those tracks are not overplayed. Leaving tracks like One or Nessaja out would be the same like putting out a singles collection without the biggest hits. And compared to Fire, F'uck The Millennium or Call Me Manana all of the songs you mentioned are pretty new. Don't get me wrong, I wouldn't have had anything against cutting One or Nessaja, but it's just logical they didn't.
I'm pretty happy that they left Posse, HMITF and the final medley in. And it actually surprises me a bit that they also didn't cut Bit A Bad Boy or Second Skin. I have nothing against cutting Fire and I was also pretty sure that they'd cut the instrumental medley, as they did the same with Rhapsody In E/Stuttgart on Encore (I'd have loved it to have that on CD). The only thing I'm not happy about is that they cut FTM/CMM as they already did that on EAA
________________________________________________________________________________________ Love's the funeral of hearts
and an ode for cruelty,
when angels cry blood
on flowers of evil in bloomExactly. With this release we have the added benefit of being able to convert the missing tracks into MP3 files and subsequently inserting them into the tracklist in a manual fashion. The one CD business is also admittedly somewhat convenient, saving you the need to rip or switch CD's whilst listening to the concert via your stereo systems or whatever. I'm also adamant that the concert footage will be uploaded to Youtube or some other video hosting site-- saving me the job of actually purchasing the DVD or Blu-ray at all. I'll be happy just watching it from there, and enjoying the concert from the audio CD most of the time. Just getting the version that's right for me... | eng | be24ea1c-71be-4795-8ed0-92a082eaf790 | http://www.scootertechno.com/forum/index.php?page=Thread&postID=389899 |
Plucky Pennywhistle's Magical Menagerie
Trivia
FILTER BY TYPE
Allusions
Dean: While you were out being Dirty Harry, uh, Tyler's mom got pissy with him.
Referencing police detective Harold Francis "Dirty Harry" Callahan, played by Clint Eastwood in five movies from 1971 to 1988. The character is a cop who refuses to play by the rules, constantly challenges his superiors, disregards orders, and ultimately believes in justice rather than the letter of the law. | eng | 5820b80c-b041-4662-99f9-15d21d3ae21a | http://www.tv.com/shows/supernatural/plucky-pennywhistles-magical-menagerie-2128460/trivia/item-3079105 |
The production of proteins in mammalian cells is key step for human therapy, vaccination, drug discovery or diagnostic applications. BioPioneer Inc. specializes in mammalian expression system in CHO and HEK293 cells. Please inquire the lead time and price. | eng | 81ada734-01a5-4e0f-b704-0010e764f5ac | http://www.biopioneerinc.com/bpr/index.php?dispatch=categories.view&category_id=254 |
FLORENCE BUCHANAN
Tags
FLORENCE BUCHANAN and KAREN MCINTYRE have joined BBDO as creative directors. Buchanan and McIntyre joined the agency from Deutsch where they worked on accounts such as Almay, US Weekly, Westin and Sheraton hotels. | eng | b378ccbe-dce6-4128-8901-c75d9d205d0c | http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/44465/florence-buchanan.html |
São Luís is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France (see France Équinoxiale) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands (the others are Vitória and Florianópolis).
History
Originally the town was a large village of the Tupinambá tribe. The first Europeans to see it were the French, in 1612, who intended to make it a French colony. They made a fort named São Luís ("Saint Louis"), after Saint Louis IX of France as a compliment to King Louis XIII. It was conquered for Portugal by Jerônimo de Albuquerque in 1615, leaving little time for the French to build a city. This has led to some controversy as to the actual date of the founding of the city by the French or the Portuguese. In 1641 the city was invaded by the Dutch. They stayed until 1645 and did not manage to influence the city's architecture or to leave any sign of their invasion, mainly because they did not build, but focused instead on violent domination. In 1677, the city was made the seat of the Diocese of São Luís do Maranhão.
Only when those invasions ceased permanently, did the colonial government decide to create the state of Grão-Pará e Maranhão, independent from the rest of the country. By that time, the economy was based on agriculture, particularly the exportation of sugar cane, cacao and tobacco. Conflicts amongst the local elites would lead to the Beckman's Revolt.
Soon after the outbreak of the American Civil War, the region started to provide cotton to England. The wealth originated by this activity was used to modernize the city; instigate religious men to come and teach in their schools; and water supplement. The city came to be the third most populous city in the country, but by the end of the 19th century agriculture faced its decay and, from this time forth, the city has been searching for other ways of sustenance.
Culture
São Luís is known for its tiles which most buildings in the historical centre are covered in. Because of it the city is also known as "The Tiles City".
It also has some cultural peculiarities namely:
Tambor de Crioula: Afro-Brazilian dance in which gaily glad women court a bateria of tambors (a row of drums). Whirling and gyrating in time to the music they negotiate for prime position in the centre of the bateria.
Tambor de Mina: Not to be confused with the above, this is the local variant of the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomble.
Bumba Meu Boi: A popular farce which takes its form as a grand musical pantomime. Practice is a public affair and begins directly after Easter reaching its climax in June when literally hundreds of groups perform on a nightly basis for popular acclaim and pure enjoyment. Set personalities and characters play out a comedic tragedy with a metaphor for social harmony at its heart. Settlers, the infamous Coroneis, Indians, spirit workers, African slaves and forest spirits are enacted though incredible costume, original choreography and music - all performed amongst the greatest all-night revelry. The crowd joins in with singing, dancing and dependent on the groups sotaque (or style) the playing of matracas (two wooden blocks, held in each hand and struck together repeatedly). Like the festival of Sao Joao and its requisite Forro dance in the North-Eastern states further south Bumba Meu Boi is a harvest festival but with the bull as its centre-piece. Food and drinks made from local produce not only accompany the event but are a pre-requisite due to the high calorific needs of the heavily costumed dancers.
Capoeira: The São Luís form of capoeira is said to be akin to the kind of capoeira now recognized as 'traditional bahian capoeira' that predated the Bahian angola/regional polemic which split the capoeira world in the 1950s.
In 1997 the city's historical center was made a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site. Starting in 1989 there has been an extensive program to restore and renovate the colonial era buildings of the city's historical center. | eng | 88f37e6a-72ac-4a58-b00c-38959d250835 | http://www.reference.com/browse/columbia/SaoLuis |
Tag: Adaptation
A new two-year climate change initiative, led by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society aims to help farmers in Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic and Bangladesh reduce their vulnerability to climate risks.
Haresh Bhojwani will coordinate IRI's connections with development and humanitarian organizations so that its research can target the needs of those vulnerable to climate impacts, especially through the institution's international collaborations.
Cynthia Rosenzweig of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies talks about the work of the New York State Ready Commission, set up after Hurricane Sandy to study how the state can better prepare for natural disasters.
Last week, the Earth Institute and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society hosted a discussion on cities, food and climate. What were people saying? Find out in this Storify recap of reactions from across Twitter!Extreme weather and climate-related events already have cost the United States billions of dollars. A recent symposium focused on what we know about the causes and how changing climate affects agriculture, water supplies, wildlife and our economyThe worst drought to hit the U.S. in decades has already brought corn yields to a 17-year low and will almost certainly raise food prices. Wealth will soften the blow in the U.S., but in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, prolonged drought has often had deadly consequences. Is there a better way to anticipate climate's effect on food production Watch the videos | eng | bb8e6c04-9553-4c8a-9373-0445affb79a3 | http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/tag/adaptation/ |
You're such a Nice person Mr. Pubby, I would say you are a total azzhole, but that would be too kind, why are you so raw with people? maybe, because you are......The recidivism rate is 52% in the U.S. Tells me the color tv and air conditioning method ain't working all that great either.
I'm sorry. I forgot I was supposed to give a damn about a bunch of convicts locked away in a Mississippi prison. Oh that's right, I don't.
Here are the only two things I care about. How does the repeat offender percentages compare to government operated facilities? And how does the operating cost compare to government operated facilities? A couple of pieces of info NPR seems to have conveniently left out.
Maybe poker's just not your game Ike. I know! Let's have a spelling contest!
That may be true but that doesn't mean the people in there are not to be protected while in state custody. It also means those people can be even worse when they get out if we allow the worst things to happen to them. The point is that they are still human beings. The things described in the story are things like you hear about in third world prisons, not America. | eng | 6c8ed59f-f574-455a-be76-d22271704d01 | http://paulding.com/forum/index.php/topic/287189-for-profit-prison-company-leaves-ms/page__p__3628650 |
The men who, in the nine months from September 1814 to June 1815, redrew the map of Europe were diplomats of the old school. Francis I and the prince von Metternich of Austria, Frederick William III and the prince von Hardenberg of Prussia, Alexander I of Russia, Viscount Castlereagh of England, Talleyrand of France, and the representatives of the secondary states were all intellectual heirs of the 18th century. They feared the principles of the French Revolution, they scorned the theories of democratic government, and they opposed the doctrines of national self-determination. But they recognized that the boundaries and governments of 1789 could not be restored without modification or compromise. There had been too many changes in attitudes and loyalties that the rigid dogmas of legitimism were powerless to undo. The task before the peacemakers was thus the establishment of a sound balance between necessary reform and valid tradition capable of preserving the tranquillity that Europe desperately needed. The decisions regarding Germany reached during the deliberations in Vienna followed a middle course between innovation and reaction, avoiding extreme fragmentation as well as rigid centralization. The Confederation of the Rhine was not maintained, but neither was the Holy Roman Empire restored. Although the reforms introduced during the period of foreign domination were partly revoked, the practices of enlightened despotism were not entirely reestablished. Despite the complaints of unbending legitimists and the dire predictions of disappointed reformers, the peacemakers succeeded in creating a new political order in Germany that endured for half a century. The long years of war and unrest that had convulsed Europe during the era of the French Revolution and Napoleon were followed by even longer years of stability and tranquillity.
The Germany that emerged in 1815 from the Congress of Vienna included 39 states ranging in size from the two Great Powers, Austria and Prussia, through the minor kingdoms of Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony, and Hanover; through smaller duchies such as Baden, Nassau, Oldenburg, and Hesse-Darmstadt; through tiny principalities such as Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, and Reuss-Schleiz-Gera; to the free cities of Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, and Frankfurt am Main. The new boundaries in Germany bore little resemblance to the bewildering territorial mosaic that had been maintained under the Holy Roman Empire, but there were still many fragments, subdivisions, enclaves, and exclaves, too many for the taste of ardent nationalists. Yet the overall pattern of state frontiers represented a significant improvement over the chaotic patchwork of sovereignties and jurisdictions that had characterized the old order. The peacemakers not only created more integrated and viable political entities but also altered the role that these entities were to play in the affairs of the nation. Without design or even awareness on the part of Frederick William III, his kingdom of Prussia assumed a pivotal position in Germany. The victorious powers, on guard against a revival of French aggression, decided to make Prussia the defender of the western boundary of Germany. The Rhineland and Westphalia, including the Ruhr district that would develop into the greatest industrial centre on the Continent, became Prussian provinces. More than that, the king agreed at the urging of Alexander I to cede the bulk of his Polish possessions to Russia in return for a substantial part of Saxony. Prussia, which at the end of the 18th century had been in the process of becoming a binational state, was thrust back into Germany and given a strategic position on both frontiers of the nation. The centre of gravity of Austria, on the other hand, shifted eastward. Francis I had decided to abandon the historic role of his state as protector of the Holy Roman Empire against the French for the sake of greater geographic compactness and military defensibility. The possessions in southern and western Germany were surrendered along with the Austrian Netherlands in return for Venetian territory on the Adriatic. The Habsburg empire thus became less German in composition and outlook as its focus shifted in the direction of Italy and eastern Europe. The consequences of this territorial rearrangement were to be far-reaching.
The age of Metternich and the era of unification, 1815–71
Reform and reaction
In place of the Holy Roman Empire the peacemakers of the Congress of Vienna had established a new organization of German states, the German Confederation. This was a loose political association in which most of the rights of sovereignty remained in the hands of the member governments. There was no central executive or judiciary, only a federal Diet meeting in Frankfurt am Main to consider common legislation. The delegates who participated in its deliberations were representatives appointed by and responsible to the rulers whom they served. The confederation was in theory empowered to adopt measures strengthening the political and economic bonds of the nation. In fact it remained a stronghold of particularism, unwilling to sacrifice local autonomy in order to establish centralized authority. It was designed essentially to defend the interests of the secondary states and the Habsburgs. The former, jealously guarding the independence and importance they had gained during the period of French hegemony, were opposed to any reform that might limit their sovereignty. The latter believed that only a decentralized form of political union in Germany would give them enough freedom of action to pursue their non-German objectives. The confederation was thus from the outset an ally of localism and traditionalism. To the nationalists, whose hopes had risen so high during the Wars of Liberation, it seemed to be an instrument of blind reaction. Yet the truth is that the confederal system established in 1815 accurately reflected the slow development of civic consciousness and economic integration in Germany. The militant reformers who demanded the centralization of government were a vocal but small minority. The lower classes accepted the territorial and constitutional decisions of the Congress of Vienna without a murmur of protest. The weakness of the peace settlement was not its failure to embody present realities but its inability to adjust to future changes. What had been a reasonable adaptation to the political needs of an agrarian and rural society became a hopeless anachronism 50 years later in the age of factories and railroads. This was the fatal flaw in the German Confederation.
Yet the reform movement that had begun under the impact of the French hegemony did not end with the downfall of Napoleon. It continued to exert influence over affairs of state for another few years, before the forces of authoritarianism and particularism crushed it. That influence was strongest in southern Germany, where the political example of western Europe had made the deepest impression. There many civil servants, court officials, army officers, and even aristocratic landowners came to believe that the future of the state depended on its readiness to reform civic institutions in accordance with liberal theories. In the years following Waterloo, one government in the south after another promulgated a constitution: Bavaria and Baden in 1818, Württemberg in 1819, and Hesse-Darmstadt in 1820. These constitutions established representative assemblies, elected by the propertied citizens, whose assent was required for the enactment of legislation. Their purpose was not only to win for the crown the support of the educated classes of society but also to engender a sense of unity in a heterogeneous population that still had diverse allegiances and traditions.
To the north there were also persistent echoes of the reform movement. The followers of the baron vom Stein were still influential in the councils of state, and Frederick William III of Prussia at first seriously considered ways of fulfilling the promise he had made in 1815 to establish constitutional government. Economic reformers succeeded in enacting the Prussian Customs Law of 1818, which united all the Prussian territories into a customs union free of internal economic barriers; this later formed the nucleus of a national customs union. The agitation for political reorganization, however, was loudest among university students, who formed patriotic groups known as Burschenschaften. They demanded the abandonment of the confederal system, the establishment of greater unity, and the achievement of national power. Gathering in 1817 at the Wartburg, the castle near Eisenach where Luther had once taken refuge, they listened to veiled denunciations of the existing order and consigned to flames various symbols of traditional authority. The rulers of Germany began to stir uneasily at this bold display of defiance of the established order.
The chief strategist of the forces hostile to reform was Metternich. Not only did he reject the teachings of liberalism and nationalism in principle, but also, as the leading statesman of the Habsburg empire, he recognized that the establishment of centralized authority in Germany (which still included Austria) would seriously impede the policies his government was pursuing in Hungary, Italy, and the Balkans. When on March 23, 1819, an unbalanced student, Karl Ludwig Sand, assassinated the conservative playwright and publicist August von Kotzebue, Vienna persuaded the princes of the German Confederation that they were facing a dangerous attempt to overthrow the established order in the German states. The result was a series of repressive measures called the Carlsbad Decrees, which the federal Diet adopted on September 20, 1819. General censorship was introduced, and the Burschenschaften were outlawed. This first major success of the conservative counteroffensive had an important effect on the struggle within the state governments between the advocates and the opponents of reform. In Prussia the liberal members of the ministry were forced to resign, and the plan to promulgate a constitution for the kingdom was rejected. This shift to the right by Berlin encouraged authoritarian tendencies among the secondary states of the north, which soon abandoned their own constitutional projects. By the end of 1820 the reform movement, which had begun some 15 years before, came to a complete halt. It had succeeded in altering the political and economic structure of society, but it had been unable to establish a tradition of liberal government and national loyalty in Germany. The forces of particularism and legitimism, deriving their chief support from the landowning nobility and the conservative peasantry, remained strong. The foundation of bourgeois civic consciousness and material prosperity on which England and France had built their representative institutions was still relatively weak beyond the Rhine. The ideas of political reform had arisen in Germany not from the experience of revolution and social transformation but rather as imitations of foreign examples and in reaction against foreign oppression.
The established order was once again threatened briefly in the wake of the July Revolution of 1830 in France. The news that there had been a successful insurrection against the Bourbons in Paris had an electrifying effect throughout the Continent. In Germany there were sympathetic uprisings in some of the secondary states of the north. The rulers of Brunswick, Saxony, Hanover, and Hesse-Kassel, seeking to forestall more extreme demands, agreed to promulgate liberal constitutions. A mass meeting of southern radicals at Hambach Castle in the Palatinate (May 1832), moreover, called for national unification, republican government, and popular sovereignty. A group of militant students even launched a foolhardy attempt to seize the city of Frankfurt am Main, dissolve the federal Diet, and proclaim a German republic. The effect of such harebrained schemes was predictable. As the princes of the German Confederation gradually recovered from their initial fear of the revolutionary movement, they opposed with increasing vigour plans to alter the existing system of government. Again Metternich led the effort to crush liberalism and nationalism. Under his direction the federal Diet adopted additional repressive measures reinforcing the position of the crown in state politics, limiting the power of the legislature, restricting the right of assembly, enlarging the authority of the police, and intensifying censorship. Within a few years the opposition had been subdued, and the German Confederation could continue to vegetate in its cozy provincialism. Not until the middle years of the century did a new and more violent outburst of civil disaffection shake the foundations of the political structure that the Congress of Vienna had erected | eng | 43e4aa3b-44f6-4d15-8708-9cef29248a53 | http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231186/Germany/58180/Results-of-the-Congress-of-Vienna |
Meanwhile, if you read McHenry County Blog carefully two days ago, you know where Franks was.
He and his buddies were probably discussing the options I suggest a month ago.
Franks did escape being named as the sponsor of his hopelessly compromised gubernatorial recall constitutional amendment in a Chicago Tribune editorial yesterday:
Quinn supports giving citizens the power to recall public officials, as do we. But the measure waiting in the Senate is just a bit of Hokum–it allows for the recall only of the governor, protecting every other elected official in the state. | eng | 02ab7e99-6604-4b2b-8159-f48d7248d546 | http://mchenrycountyblog.com/2009/08/08/jack-franks-misses-being-mentioned-on-channel-7/ |
"Citizen" was a term of address used occasionally around the time of the Galactic Civil War. It preceded the addressee's surname as a title. It denoted civilian status in place of a military rank. For example, Morgan Katarn referred to a Sulonian woman whose surname was Roskin as "Citizen Roskin". It was also used as a generic term of address directed at people whose names were not known to the speaker. In this case, the speaker would simply use "Citizen".
Because of its civilian connotations, the term could be considered as a half-veiled insult when used against a former or retired military officer, indicating that one is no longer worthy of rank. It could also sometimes be used as a term of respect, as if to "elevate" a mere civilian who aids the military to a kind of unofficial rank. Shortly before his death, Katarn was himself referred to, albeit more as an act of mocking, as "Citizen Katarn" by Jerec who eventually beheaded Katarn and had his head placed in a stake. | eng | 8f056dbf-5ae9-4c3f-a676-db11a69a2d79 | http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Citizen |
[quote]So when you get done cleaning up your own backyard, then you can get back to me about how terrible the US is and how Europe has the superior dedication to "freedom".[/quote] Nobody said anything remotely close to that. I'm not going to bother with you anymore. Either you are a troll, or you are royally stupid | eng | 34876e5d-1602-4ff6-b327-13a254d2d112 | http://www.sankakucomplex.com/2012/03/02/osaka-bans-tattoos/?cid=1005977 |
I think that Ad hominems can only exist in the context of an actual debate. If the debate is about the character of the people involved in the first place then there's no fallacy, just personal insults and pettinessor something
or something
let's not forget him feeling sorry for himself. a lot of his topics seem to be "oh no, the vesti hates me" or something.
I think that Ad hominems can only exist in the context of an actual debate. If the debate is about the character of the people involved in the first place then there's no fallacy, just personal insults and pettiness.
It would have been better to say inb4adhominems. Oh well, I guess you were right: "However, verbal abuse in the absence of an argument is neither ad hominem nor a fallacy." | eng | 31258a6c-722b-4338-9028-767fbca173d0 | http://www.ign.com/boards/threads/legendery-is-now-following-you-1-minute-ago.452471298/ |
stock saddles on my guitar have aged, and they were breaking strings like crazy. The material these graph tech saddles are made of supposedly never break strings. I believe it too. It doesn't look like it's possible for any friction to exist on these things. | eng | f805643d-ce30-4ad4-aa0d-f6e3a2feb631 | http://vgboxart.com/forums/showthread.php?27655-Post-a-picture-of-your-last-non-game-related-purchase/page7 |
But density varies lot to lot and refinery to refinery. In critical circumstances, it should be measured for the specific lot, and temperature corrected if not at 60 °F.
Edit: To emphasize the need for density measurement on each lot of fuel. I happened across the spec sheet for Conoco Jet-A fuel. The allowable density range is 775 to 846 kg/m³, which is a greater range than I expected. In a practical sense, I don't know if it ever gets to the edges of the spec, but it certainly "can" and still be in spec. | eng | 3a8256fd-c020-40f2-a9ac-c50a8a3549a6 | http://forum.onlineconversion.com/showthread.php?mode=hybrid&t=8412 |
dont beat it up beat it down
see velvet sushiii and velvet boss get high as hell and fuck like they were in a pornstar audition...sexy oily jamaican and haitian sex sure to have you masterbating video was too long..they were fucking for about 2 hours really...enjoy!!!! VELVET LOUNGE ENT assEbonyporndickamaturephatvelvetloungeclaping | eng | c174b841-7cf9-4f19-90f1-853a51c380a3 | http://rude.com/Velvet_sushiii/flix_watch/CjfKi4QqVD8/dont-beat-it-up-beat-it-down-by-velvet-sushiii/ |
Experts described the U.K. results as "startling" and said Britain was failing to address underlying health risks in its population, including rising rates of high blood pressure, obesity and drug and alcohol abuse.
Photograph by: AP Photo
, Alastair Grant
LONDON - Despite six decades of free medical care and widespread health campaigns, Britons are among the unhealthiest people in Western Europe, a new study says.
International researchers analyzed the country's rates of sickness and death from 1990 to 2010 in comparison to and drug and alcohol abuse.
"It's incredibly surprising," said Dr. Christopher Murray, who studies health metrics at the University of Washington in Seattle and is the lead author of the latest report.
"We all think of the U.K. as having a great health system and as one of the most sophisticated medical research communities in the world," he wrote in an email. "Nobody would have really expected that the U.K. would be toward the bottom."
Overall, the U.K. was 12th for healthy life expectancy, with most Britons expected to live 68.6 years in good health. The United States came in 17th out of 19 countries with 67.9 years. Spain topped the charts with a healthy life expectancy of 70.9, while Finland came last, with most Finns likely to live 67.3 years in good health. Australia ranked third with 70.1 years, while Canada was fifth with 69.6 years.
In terms of years of life lost to health conditions, Britain ranked just above last place for serious respiratory infections, preterm birth complications, and breast cancer. In comparison, Italy had the lowest death rates from respiratory infections while Norway was best at handling birth complications. Sweden had the lowest death rates for breast cancer.
Murray and colleagues said there was virtually no change in the rate of premature deaths among British adults aged 20 to 54 but found a spike in deaths caused by drug and alcohol abuse for that age group. Cirrhosis, or liver disease often linked to alcohol consumption, has jumped by more than 65 per cent in Britain in the last two decades, prompting a recent government proposal to crack down on cheap drinks by setting minimum prices.
As in most Western nations, heart disease, stroke and cancer were the leading killers and in the U.K. there were higher death rates from those compared to other developed countries studied. The research was paid for by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and was published online Tuesday in the journal Lancet.
"In some areas like tobacco control and road safety, we have done very well," said Edmund Jessop of the U.K. Faculty of Public Health in London, who wrote an accompanying commentary. But he said it was worrying that Britain was lagging behind many other European nations with similar income levels and socialized health care systems.
Jessop called for British officials to take "bold action" to tackle issues including alcohol consumption and obesity, "otherwise there will be serious consequences and the U.K. could remain at the bottom."
Experts described the U.K. results as "startling" and said Britain was failing to address underlying health risks in its population, including rising rates of high blood pressure, obesity and drug and alcohol abuse | eng | 1d998313-9f5f-473b-bd4c-3f765b23d851 | http://www.theprovince.com/health/Study+among+unhealthiest+Western+Europe+experts+bold+action+alcohol/8049674/story.html |
haven't tried the sinus smoother, but it makes sense that the Sleepytime extra would work better as it contains valerian. Valerian is a very strong herb. It smells and tastes horrendous on it's own (I mean REALLY disgusting) but is truly an amazing herb. When I lived in CA, I grew it in my garden and used to dry and press it into powder then make it into sleeping tinctures. Two drops of it will really put a person out! They use it very sparingly in commercial teas. I love herbs! Can't wait to have a garden again!
Once in a while you get shown the light, in the strangest of places if you look at it right. | eng | 328f6dd6-c8f4-4c1f-8ec2-59fd19a1ff27 | http://havecouponswilltravel.com/showthread.php/8411-Celestial-Seasonings-Sleepytime-line-of-products |
Cognition
Everyone would like to be able to remember the names of people we meet, especially people we meet in new social situations. Some of these situations are purely for enjoyment, and others have higher stakes. You're being interviewed for a new job, for example, and as soon as you're introduced to your potential supervisor, the name has flown completely out of your consciousness. Unfortunately, you'll lose the job prospect as quickly as you've lost that name. When it comes to meeting people at parties, or even in casual conversation when introduced by a mutual friend, you also will appear to be a social klutz when you see that person again and must flounder (or fake) knowing the new people's names.
We spend a significant chunk of our lives trying to make up our minds. Small college or large college? Organic or not organic? Boxers or briefs? We like to think we're masters of deliberation, but supposedly fail-safe decision-making techniques (e.g., ask a close confidante) may backfire, while counterintuitive tricks (think in another language!) can help us reach wiser conclusions.
Twenty years ago, a pair of researchers in England reported on a series of experiments in which they showed that very young children could, in the context of play, solve logic problems that they seemed unable to solve in a serious context. The problems they used were syllogisms, the classic type of logic problem described originally by Aristotle. A syllogism requires a person to combine the information in two premises to decide if a particular conclusion is true, false, or indeterminate (cannot be determined from the premises). Syllogisms are generally easy when the premises coincide with concrete reality, but are more difficult when the premises are counterfactual (contradictions to reality). The prevailing belief at the time that the British researchers conducted these experiments was that the ability to solve counterfactual syllogisms depends on a type of reasoning that is completely lacking in young children.
05 Jul 2012 Risk intelligence expert Dylan Evans outlines a powerful form of thinking; one where the same intuition seen in the best poker players can be effectively transferred to business, politics and everyday life. Listen to the podcast of the full event including audience Q&A Take the RQ, Risk Intelligence Test Download the video (mp4) Watch Dylan Evans on our YouTube Channel Watch Dylan Evans on our Vimeo Channel
Ever notice how aggravated you get when you go to check out at the grocery store, and... there's a line? And what about how even more aggravated you feel when you realize that you're standing in the line, especially after you've done the exhaustive -- customers x coupons x cashier energy -- calculation of which line is most likely to move fastest? No matter how insignificant the activity is that you have to do next, you are incensed (and frustrated by your poor calculation skills) that you've had to waste even a moment of your time unnecessarily. And yet. Look what happens, two minutes later when in the parking lot of the very same grocery store, your iPhone buzzes with a message from a frustrated client.
Every day I work with physicians. I interview them, write with them and edit for them. I'm a freelancer; consequently, in order to make a living, I'm constantly taking on new clients—new physicians.
For our blog's sections on ' Your Brain ' and ' Test Prep ', we're always on the lookout for great articles, videos and charts on memory and retention. By helping you understand how our brains work, we want to allow you to try different approaches to studying that will hopefully help you become better learners for life. Over time, we've compiled articles on brain foods , how motivation and memory works, methods for better retention , … If we take a look at the sum of all articles and areas of interest, it seems obvious that there should be one chart that combines all of these elements that make up and influence our memory. Thanks to onlinecolleges.com, there now is.
I remember reading somewhere that writer Anne Lamott thinks about herself in the third person, to take better care of herself: "I'm sorry, Anne Lamott can't accept that invitation to speak; she's finishing a book so needs to keep her schedule clear." I find that often, the same trick helps me to be realistic about myself. "Gretchen gets frantic when she's really hungry, so she can't wait too long for dinner." "Gretchen needs some quiet time each day." . Int To find out if their idea was sound, they conducted several experiments.
Thinking in a Foreign Tongue Reduces Decision Biases Abstract
We see the world from the inside out, a fact that leads everyone to be at least somewhat self-centered. The technical term for this is "egocentrism." As a cognitive bias , egocentrism refers to the natural restriction on our perception caused by the simple fact that we can only see the world from our perspective. It takes special effort to see the world from any perspective other than through our own eyes. The basic egocentrism built into our cognitive apparatus became an important part of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's theory about child development . In observing children describe the way a small table-sized model of a mountain might look to someone else, Piaget found that prior to the age of 8 or so, this seemingly easy task was surprisingly difficult.
When ordinary people make judgments or inferences, they do not operate like a logician or statistician might. They fail to use some of the relevant information, and they fail to ignore other information that they should not use. Kahneman and Tversky (1974) argued that these departures from rationality arise because people rely on rules of thumb, or . Heuristics are not strictly rational because they guarantee that systematic errors will occur, and systematic errors are - in contrast to random errors - predictable. Yet, heuristic judgments are better than doing nothing or guessing randomly. Random guessing is, it seems, just a lousy way of making judgments, but not as an irrational one because it does not produce systematic bias.
The eponymous hero—or antihero—of Miguel de Cervantes's idealizes his 'princess' to such an extent that it becomes comical. To emulate the knights-errant of old who fought battles to earn the affections of their true love, Don Quixote identifies a simple peasant girl called Aldonza Lorenzo, changes her name to the much more romantic and aristocratic sounding 'Dulcinea del Toboso,' and then paints her in the most flattering terms possible—even though he has only ever seen her fleetingly and never spoken to her. Dulcinea barely exists, but the idea of her nonetheless keeps Don Quixote alive on his quest. Idealization involves overestimating the positive attributes of a person, object, or idea and underestimating the negative attributes; but more fundamentally, it involves the projection of our needs and desires onto that person, object, or idea. | eng | cfe26bec-6b4e-4eea-850d-8067bd0a1f92 | http://www.pearltrees.com/t/psychology-neurocience/cognition/id4138614 |
Safety Signs and Information On completion of this module students will be able to: Read and respond to safety signs, warnings, notices and procedures in the immediate environment; Give clear spoken instructions to another person on the safe use of familiar products and equipment; Follow simple first aid instructionsEveryday Writing This extensive module develops effective writing skills at an advanced level for a variety of social, professional and educational purposes.It covers six different genres, or types, of writing:* Business Letters - A Letter of Complaint* Descriptive Writing* Essay Writing* Narrative Writing* Report Writing* Summary Writing Author(s): No creator set
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Decimals, Fractions and Percent 2 On completion, learners will be able to add, subtract, multiply or divide decimal, fraction and percent numbers in order to solve practical problems. Learners also translate problems expressed in words to mathematical symbols. This module is part of the Certificate in Preparatory Education. Author(s): No creator set
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Quality Management Systems: Learners Guide Learners: Trainers Guide TrainersAdvanced Quality Concepts: Study Guide Study Guide.if Author(s): No creator set
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Advanced Quality Conceptsify and describ Author(s): No creator set
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Quality Improvement in the Workplace: Study Guide Study: Trainers Guide TrainersIntroduction to heritage tourism The module aims to introduce participants to the terminology and concepts involved in heritage tourism and to understand the difference between mainstream tourism and heritage tourism. Author(s): No creator set
AssEssIT - In the showcase project we encouraged and supported lecturers to use various technologies to assess their learners in and outside the classroom. They used voting systems, videos and MP3 recorders. Author(s): No creator set
Construction tutor from Cornwall College discusses the uses of UMPCs with students and issues of supporting tutors issued with mobile devices. Part of molenet project: "Phase 2: Embedding Molenet Across Cornwall (EMAC)" Author(s): No creator set | eng | f98b4090-76e1-4339-b853-f2243c339d02 | http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xpert/scoreresults.php?keywords=Protocol%20and%20project%20module&start=3140&end=3160 |
Wednesday - October 29, 2008
QUESTION:
Do you know where to purchase Cordia boissieri A. DC.?
I recently lost a tree during Hurricane Ike (I live in Houston, Texas)and have prepared the old area for a new tree. I've been researching the LBJ wildlife center website, and have fallen in love with the Cordia boissieri A. DC. Any information as to where to buy this tree would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks so much,
Karen
ANSWER:
The Houston Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas (NPSOT) has an extensive list of nurseries in the area that carry native plants. You could check for the availability of Cordia boissieri (anacahuita) at those nurseries listed. I did try a few of the ones with websites, but didn't find it listed. However, there are many nurseries without website, but that have telephone numbers you could call. Also, the ones with websites don't always have complete lists of available plants. Our nursery manager, Sean Watson, said that they are relatively hard to find in the Austin area and he thought that might be because of their sensitivity to cold. (Please see the answer to a previous question about the cold hardiness of this tree.) He thought, however, Houston should be warm enough for the tree to grow successfully and it might possibly be available at nurseries in south Texas. Looking through the nurseries in south Texas listed in our National Suppliers Directory, I did find that Rancho Lomitas Nursery in Rio Grande City lists it for sale on its website. | eng | f3aed411-a186-4027-98bb-e266ea9243f3 | http://wildflower.org/expert/show.php?id=3087&frontpage=true |
DDA compliance in universities
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In the News (Sat 25 May 13)
Champlain built the HabitationatPort-Royal in 1605, as a replacement for his initial attempt at colonising Ile-Ste.
PortRoyal is a small rural community in the western part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
The actual buildings of the Habitation were burnt to the ground in 1613 by an English invasion force from Virginia, but in the 1930s, the site of the Habitation was located and underwent archeological excavation.
A visit to the PortRoyalHabitation is enhanced by the costumed interpreters whose skills and knowledge base are as admirable as their craft of evoking life as it was on this spot 400 years ago.
PortRoyal would not be revived until 1610 when a new agenda would focus on increased settlement and the conversion of native peoples to Christianity, conceptually a quite different form of colonization.
PortRoyal was a fertile environment and life here was productive and promising – a model of self-sufficiency.
PortRoyal Park features reconstructed 17th-century buildings representing the former fur-trading post that was located here.
While most of the inhabitants of the PortRoyal area, settled along the banks of the river, did not take an active part in the military actions, the progress of the colony was delayed a great deal, both durring the French Regime and following the British occupation.
The Habitation was left in the care of Membertou and the local Mi'kmaq until 1610 when Sieur de Poutrincourt, another French nobleman, returned with a small expedition to Port-Royal.
The HabitationatPort-Royal is a National Historic Site located at
Today, this replica serves as the cornerstone of Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada, and coupled with the nearby Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada in Annapolis Royal, continues to commemorate this important historic region for Canadians and visitors.
During the summer and fall of 1606, while their friends were on their cruise south, PortRoyal was under the direction of L'Escarbot and Louis Hebert, and they and the men under them make a number of improvements to the living arrangements at the habitation.
22 There, at the head of PortRoyal (which today we call the Annapolis Basin), under the shelter of the north mountains they build their habitation, a closed quadrilateral dwelling, which has generally been accepted by historians as being the first European settlement, aside from Florida, to be established on the continent of North America.
The French, having established themselves atPortRoyal, Samuel de Champlain among them, had a pretty good hunch that the St. John River, just across the Bay, would be a wilderness highway down which the Indians might come in the interests of trade with their canoes full of animal pelts.
Although the habitationatPortRoyal had some success, it had been all but completely destroyed before 1615.
Even the 13 years of British occupation of PortRoyal, La Heve and St. John - 1653 to 1667 - had not largely affected the success and prosperity of the Acadian people who had spread out and settled much of what is now Atlantic Canada and Maine.
A much more successful attempt to establish a settlement atPortRoyal began in earnest in 1632.
But Champlain was a leading figure in the hard fight at St Croix and PortRoyal; he it was who first charted in any detail the Atlantic seaboard from Cape Breton to Cape Cod; and his narrative joins with that of Lescarbot to preserve the story of the episode.
Then Pontgrave decided to return to PortRoyal 'to see in what condition our companions were whom we had left there sick.' On their arrival Pontgrave himself was taken ill, but soon re-embarked, though still unwell.
On August 11, 1607, PortRoyal was abandoned for the second time, and its people, sailing by Cape Breton, reached Roscou in Brittany at the end of September.
As you arrive atPort-Royal National Historic Site, you will notice that the parking lot is in the forefront, washrooms are in the brick building adjacent to the parking lot, the picnic area is to the left, and the Habitation is about 150 metres (500 feet) west of the parking area.
Membertou was chief of the Port-Royal area at the time the French built the original Habitation.
The large wooden cross you see to the left of the pathway marks the existence, and one of the possible locations, of the burial ground at the Port-RoyalHabitation.
Isle Sainte Croix was situated just across the big bay with the highest tides in the world from Porte Royale, and very close to the modern border between the Canadian province of New Brunswick and the U.S. State of Maine.
During the difficult winter of 1606/1607, in a tiny wooden palisade at Porte Royale, on the Annapolis Basin in Nova Scotia, Samuel de Champlain created what was arguably the very first 'cooking club' or 'food fraternity' on Canadian soil.
In 1606, Samuel de Champlain had established his famous habitation on the fruitful shores of the Bay of Fundy, in the beautiful Annapolis Basin of what would much later become known as Nova Scotia, or New Scotland.
Poutrincourt and Champlain had been away from the Habitation on an expedition of exploration since early September and when they arrived atPortRoyal on the 14th of November they were greeted by a spectacle written, produced, and directed by Lescarbot.
The area around the reconstructed Habitation is now well populated, particularly on the road near Annapolis Royal, and the landscape of private homes and small businesses and farms is unremarkable, a scene that could be observed with slight variations of terrain across late 20th century North America.
In 1605 they relocated to the site of PortRoyal, on the mainland of what the French would identify as la Cadie or Acadia and what would later be called Nova Scotia.
He helped found the Saint Croix Island settlement which was abandoned the following spring 1605 when the settlers moved across the Bay of Fundy to found the HabitationatPort-Royal (which had been located with Champlain's assistance).
In May of 1607 PortRoyal was abandoned when de Monts's trading privileges were revoked and the expedition returned to France.
Champlain continued to work on improving his habitation, laying the first stone on May 6th, 1624.
AtPortRoyal he found the fort undefended, since the Acadians were working in the fields a few miles away.
Charles de la Tour, then 27, took over Biencourt's estate as Seigneur atPortRoyal by claiming that Biencourt had bequeathed it to him--a claim that would later be disputed.
In September 1749 another delegation, this time people from Annapolis Royal, Grand Pre, Beaubassin, Pisiquid, Cobequid, and Chopoudy, appeared before Cornwallis They brought a petition, with more than 1,000 signatures, declaring that they had signed oaths on the condition that they could not be conscripted for war.
In 1605 the Habitation of PortRoyal was built under the leadership of the Sieur de Mons who, on condition that he establish settlements and cultivate the land, was granted fishing and fur trading rights over a vast area.
The area changed hands several times until, in 1710, PortRoyal fell to the British for the last time and was renamed Annapolis Royal in honour of Queen Anne.
PortRoyal faced many difficulties and reversals as France and England struggled for control of the whole region.
By the fall of 1607, the colonists were en route to France and the Habitation was left in the care of Membertou, chief of the Mi'kmaq in the Port-Royal area.
Port-Royal is a national historic site because of its legacy: French culture, commerce and colonization, and the experiences of Mi'kmaq and French colonists, covering the period from 1605 to 1613; and the replica of the Habitation as a milestone in the Canadian heritage movement.
In November 1613, while the inhabitants of the Port-Royal settlement were away up river, Samuel Argall's expedition sailed into Port-Royal and looted and burned the Habitation.
Habitation A reconstruction of the original PortRoyalHabitation (1605), a french fur-trading post built by the company of Sieur de Mons and Samuel Champlain.
A beautiful community nestled in the Annapolis Valley, the National Historic District of Annapolis Royal continues to thrive after centuries of exciting history.
The Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens balances the historical and botanical aspects of horticulture, complementing the rich tapestry of heritage in one of the oldest European settlements in North America.
Now Annapolis Royal is a quiet town where many tourests come to see all the historic buildings and also visit the reconstruction of the PortRoyalHabitation where life in the 1600's is perserved and acted out on a daily basis by Parks Canada.
The original settlement was called PortRoyal named this because of the emmence basin of water that could hold the whole french navy at the time.
PortRoyal was then abandoned soon after and resettlement took place about 6mi (10km) to the east now called Annapolis Royal.
PortRoyal National Historic Site near Annapolis Royal has a replica of the Habitation—the French fort built in 1605 by...
Provides guides on careers in the Royal Navy and Marines including benefits information and reserve opportunities; a historical overview of the surface fleet, submarine flotilla, and the marines; and links to naval museums and the Portsmouth Historic Dockyards.
Founded in 1605 as PortRoyal by the explorers Samuel de Champlain and Pierre du Gua, Sieur de Monts, it was the first French colony in North America and is Canada's oldest
A 10-kilometre drive takes you to the HabitationatPortRoyal, the original French settlement, where a full-scale re-created wooden fort takes you back to the early 1600s.
Today it serves a population of about 320 families, most of whom can trace their ancestry back to the early days of PortRoyal.
Antique shops dot street corners and the overwhelming first impression is one of friendly welcomeÑwhich is what you'll find in Annapolis Royal, one of Canada's oldest European settlements (and a great base for exploring the Trail).
Nearby, PortRoyal National Historic Site is an exact replica of the Habitation built on the site in 1605 by Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de Monts.
The year was 1605, Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de Monts built the Habitation to house their company and so began the 385 year history of Annapolis Royal.
wo years before the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia, three years before the founding of Quebec and fifteen years before the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Massachusetts, a small party of French Explorers established PortRoyal.
The Acadian Room houses objects relating to Acadian history from 1603 to the dispersal, 1755, with the highlight being a handmade replica of The HabitationatPortRoyal, the first settlement in North America.
The history of Erath is shown in the Erath Room by photographs with legends.
PortRoyalhabitation is re-constructed based on Champlain's original plans for PortRoyal in 1605
A Black Loyalist, she developed her own modest transportation system using a wheel barrow to transport goods, and passed on the business to her descendants who expanded the business and operated it well into the 20th century.
Annapolis Royal becomes the terminus of the Windsor & Annapolis Railway thus beginning a major era of growth in the Town and area. | eng | 8943b3a1-5084-4787-af71-48f9fd47bb25 | http://www.factbites.com/topics/Habitation-at-Port_Royal |
Just keep swimming, swimming, swimming!
carol.sixteen.
hongkong.
I tend to make things awkward. Greatly impressed how the world has evolved to a new revolution. I hate being lonely, yet I'm strong enough to stand by myself. I can't afford losing friends, and letting go. I sometimes wonder whats after death, and is welcome to accept anything that is coming. Optimism is something I live by, but am deathly afraid of. I only lived less than half of my life, but I have my stories, happy and sad, but one day I want to find a happy ending to all of my stories. I want to live life to fullest, and die without any regrets. It doesn't matter what you did or who you are; I'll always be here to be your personal band-aid. Everyone deserves something good in their lives, so thats why it's not worth it to be lonely.
Greatest necessity?
To be Happy! | eng | 1dd9db95-812b-48ff-ba8b-400f8840f23e | http://imbecilic.tumblr.com/post/26386216471 |
You are a star! It was bothering me for such a long time.
You're amazing! Thank you for commenting. Thank you!
You are an absolute genius fees are standard for all vehicles:
Title fee - $4
Registration fee - $8
Air quality research fee - $1.50
The
If
Mobile home owners pay a title fee of $7 alone.
Several fees are standard for all vehicles: Title fee - $4 Registration fee - $8 Air quality research fee - $1.50 The If Mobile home owners pay a title fee of $7 aloneYou want to know that can you register a car in Arizona without license then let me tell you that you want some important papers for register a car and license is neccessory in these papers. co you can not register a car in Arizona without license. for more details about register a car check the website
To register your car in Arizona, you`ll need the following documents:
1. Completed Title and Registration application.
2. Notarized vehicle title.
Also sometimes, you may also need the following:
1. Lien release.
2. Power of attorney copy or personal representative papers.
If you buy the car from Arizona and register the car in California then it is wrong you cant register the car in one state and you are buying the car from the another state.You must register the car from that state where you can buy that car.Hope my answer will help you.
We need your help! Please help us improve our content by removing questions that are essentially the same and merging them into this question. Please tell us which questions below are the same as this one: | eng | eb55bf3b-2955-4374-9b86-874b70f3a180 | http://www.xmms.org/qna/What_if_you_cannot_afford_to_register_your_vehicle_in_arizona-qna336020.html |
4
The amount of resolution of the seismic data – the thickness of
stratal units that can be distinguished – varies by the shape of the
seismic pulse that was used to acquire the data and the velocity of the
rocks
Since velocities tend to increase with depth:
We can resolve thinner stratal units at shallow depths (e.g. 10
meters) than we can at intermediate depths (e.g. 25 meters) and
We can resolve finer stratal units at intermediate depths (e.g.
25 meters) than we can at great depths (e.g. 40 meters)
As shown on this slide, the seismic tends to "integrate" or
average the layering at a scale of 10s of meters
The seismic response can tell us that the upper part of this
outcrop is predominantly sand, while
The lower part of the outcrop is predominantly shale
There are finer-scale layers in the outcrop (beds and bedsets),
but we would not be able to distinguish these with seismic data
Slide 7
We generate energy at the surface (e.g., we set off a charge of
dynamite)
The energy travels down through the earth
At a boundary between one rock unit and another, there is a
change in either the velocity of the rocks or the densities of the
rocks, or both
We represent the acoustic properties of a rock layer by a
parameter called impedance
Impedance = velocity times density ( I = V * ρ)
Where there is a change in impedance (e.g., top of the yellow
layer), a fraction of the energy "bounces" or is reflected
Most of the energy continues down (is transmitted)
At the next change in impedance (top of the brown layer) some
of the energy "bounces" or is reflected
Let's say that the acoustic energy corresponds to a compression
(positive numbers) followed by a rarefaction (negative numbers)
In this case:
At a boundary where the impedance increases (lower layer has a
higher impedance than the upper layer) the reflected energy will be a
compression followed by a rarefaction – on the seismic section a black
peak followed
by a white trough
If there is a decrease in impedance at a boundary, the
reflected energy will be a rarefaction followed by a compression – on
the seismic section a white trough followed by a black peak
On this slide there is an increase in impedance at both
boundaries
– hence both events on the seismic trace are a black peak followed by a
white trough
On slide 1 there is an example on the right where there are 2
boundaries with an increase in impedance (between layers 1 and 2 and
also between layers 3 and 4) and one boundary where there is a decrease
in impedance (between layers 2 and 3)
Slide 8
At a certain location we have various layers with different
impedances
We can calculate the impedance of each layer by multiplying the
velocity by the density
On the far left, we show the impedance as a log curve
The amount of energy that is reflected is a function of the
magnitude of the impedance change across a boundary, a small change in
impedance results in a small amount of reflected energy; a large change
in impedance results in a larger amount of reflected energy
We can calculate a parameter called the Reflection Coefficient
(RC) using a formula that is given in Exercise 6a, which we will do in
a few minutes
An increase in impedance results in a positive RC
A decrease in impedance results in a negative RC
We display the RCs as a log of spikes where
Positive RCs are plotted to the right of zero
Negative RCs are plotted to the left of zero, and
The length of the spike is proportional to the value of the RC
(small spike = small change in impedance; large spike = large change in
impedance)
The shallowest spike on the slide indicates a positive RC (to
the right of zero) of a moderate change in impedance (a bigger change
in impedance at the boundary between layers 1 and 2 then between layers
2 and 3; but not as big a change as between layers 4 and 5
If we know or an can assume the shape of the acoustic pulse
(waveform)...
Then we can use a mathematical process called convolution to
model the seismic response for each of the boundaries individually
The actual seismic trace is the sum total of all the individual
responses!
As we will discuss further, there can be constructive or
destructive interference between the individual responses, something
that complicates the life of a seismic interpreter!
Slide 19
Slide 20
We want you to calculate the frequency and wavelength of the
seimic in each window
The relevant equations are in the upper right
We get the apparent (observed) frequency for each window by
counting the number of cycles (1 cycle = a black followed by a white)
over a certain time interval (e.g., how many black-white couplets occur
over 0.1 seconds)
We have an empirical formula to get the dominant frequency given
the apparent frequency
Once we have the dominant frequency, we can calculate the
wavelength (λ) using the third equation
Give the students a little introduction to the exercise, and then
some time to calculate | eng | cb9e7d17-1381-4522-afce-56642cbb62ff | http://www.aapg.org/slide_resources/schroeder/6/index.cfm |
This famous mix has been refined and improved every year since 1981. Literally hundreds of thousands of homeowners and commercial users have raved about its success. Great annual color right from the beginning, and a particularly permanent selection of hardy perennials that increase over the years. This premium mix includes 27 wildflowers: 13 annuals for first-year color. Plus 14 perennials/biennials for second and successive years' bloom.
In planning a wildflower meadow, you'll first need to choose your site and estimate the square footage of the area. Since most people are not that familiar with square footage calculations here's a little advice. To find the square footage of any square or rectangular area, simply multiply the length in feet times the width in feet. For example, a border 50 feet long and 10 ft. wide is 500 sq. ft. in area (50x10=500).
For a circle, the area is equal to "pi" r squared, or pi (3.1) times the radius of your circle, squared. If your circle is 20 ft. across, its radius is half of that or 10 ft. So to get the square footage of the circle: 3.1 x 10ft. x 10ft. = 310 sq. ft.
A common sense hint: As a size comparison, there are about 250 sq. ft. in the area of two parking spaces in a parking lot.
The amount of seed you should plant depends on the flower display you want. Most people usually want maximum bloom: (All mixtures are pure flower seed with no filler,no grasses.) | eng | 78a3de99-05f9-420b-8005-61b2e8511c8d | http://www.newenglandnatural.com/wildflower-seed.html |
While some consider language difference
an unusual or exotic holiday, others demand
nothing short of unique, unusual and downright
mysterious. From we
share a few of their ten strangest places to visit.
The incredible terraced pools of Pamukkale
in Turkey, now closed to tourists, were
formed thousands of years ago when earthquakes
created fractures that allowed hot
springs to bring calcium carbonate-rich water
to the surface. This chalkey material condensed
as the water evaporated, giving rise to
layer-upon-layer of Travertine.
The Blue Holes of the Bahamas, found on
land and in the ocean, are deep cavities that
are often entrances to large cave networks.
Aquatic creatures new to science have been
reported by divers, as well as stalactites and
stalagmites only formed in dry caves, considered
proof that sea levels in the Bahamas rose
substantially after the last ice age.
The spherical Moeraki boulders on Koekohe
Beach on the Otago coast of New
Zealand, formed on the sea floor from
sedimentary deposits in the same way a pearl
forms around a particle of sand can weigh
several tons and be up to three metres wide.
Maori legend attributes their origin to the
arrival of the first ancestors.
The little known Island of Suqatra off the
coast of Yemen is home to some of the most
bizarrely-shaped plants, the most famous of
which is the Dragonís Blood Tree. The sap
is used to make crystals that can allegedly be
used as an aphrodisiac. | eng | b7310089-4a6f-402b-9406-e19cca2cc934 | http://www.lifeinbalance.co.za/page/travel/326025-Strange-Places |
A: Paul Cappiello, the exectutive director of Yew Dell Gardens in Crestwood, Kentucky, responds: Something is going on that is making the tree less than happy. The easy response would be to suggest that the tree might be overfertilized, much the way we see tomato plants push all vegetative growth when we get a little too happy with the magic blue juice. But that is likely not the problem here. I've seen dogwoods from the lushest, most overfertilized landscape to plants on death's doorstep all produce some flowers. Likewise, flowering dogwoods in full sun to almost broom-closet shade will usually bloom if they are still alive.
The best thing to do here is to inspect the tree for clues. First, try to gauge the growth rate of the tree. How much shoot growth has been produced this year compared to last year and to the years when it was flowering? If the growth rate has been substantially reduced, there has to be a reason.
Second, look at the ground around the tree. Has the grade been changed, altering the depth of soil over the roots or changing drainage patterns around the tree? Remember that the most essential roots of most plants are located in the top 6 to 8 inches of soil. Any significant change in grade can have a major impact on essential carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange at the root level.
Third, closely inspect the base of the trunk for physical damage or signs of borer exit holes. Borers are a big problem for dogwoods, especially those stressed for other reasons. Once a family of borers takes up residence, you should start anew. Dogwoods are also notoriously sensitive to mower blight, and a seemingly insignificant bump into the trunk can spell disaster down the road.
Finally, the dreaded anthracnose could be to blame. This nasty fungal pathogen causes stem dieback and eventually will take the whole tree. The process may take several years. Look for the telltale dead stem tips and suckering shoot growth from the lower portion of the trunk. If the problem turns out to be the anthracnose, it might be best to look to Cornus kousa as a replacement. While it is not identical to Cornus florida in garden features, it tends to be highly resistant to the dreaded fungus. | eng | 9706896e-9699-4bd6-89c6-ec1814b80eeb | http://www.finegardening.com/how-to/qa/dogwood-dilemma.aspx |
Find millions of documents on Course Hero - Study Guides, Lecture Notes, Reference Materials, Practice Exams and more.
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(11-29-06) Nutritional Adaptationsthrifty genotype o adaptation of storing excess calories o excess is then burned off during times of famine or scarcity of foodHuman Populationgrowth estimates show that the population should grow to 10.8 billion
Quiz #7Billy Joe Nguyen Started: April 9, 2007 1:00 PM 10 Questions Finish Help Save All1.(10 point(s) Off-shoring is: a. transfer of an organizational function to a third party b. transfer of an organizational function to a third party, when th
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Final Exam Essays Essay Question #1 The Roman civilization started in the 8Th century B.C. and it collapsed in the 4th century A. D. During this period, the Roman civilization is broken down into three time periods. The first being the Roman Kingdom
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194Solutions Manual - Introduction to Digital Design - November 15, 2000Exercise 10.4 BCD Addition When we add two BCD digits (0.9), considering a carry-in bit, the range of values obtained is from 0 to 19. The output consists of a carry out and
192Exercise 9.22Solutions Manual - Introduction to Digital Design - November 15, 2000 Considering the network formed by the decoder and the multiplexer we have that ( 1 if (w; d; e) = (f; g; h) z = 0 otherwise(9:6)where w is the output of the
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1. Judging from the notes you have made on table page 9. How did the quantity and types of grave goods different between the Schultz, Strichler, and Cohestoga townsites? Is there a discernible pattern to how the composition and use of these grave goo
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191 abstract and literature review Instructor: Shelly PerdomoIdi Amin: Uganda's Fall into Economic AbyssJohn Dunn AbstractThe significance of this particular research topic was to get a better understanding of the conditions that existed in Afri
Ch. 19True/False:True Answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Utility is the benefit or satisfaction a person receives from consuming a good or service Utility and usefulness are NOT synonymous Marginal utility is the change in total u
Ch. 20 Essays 1. Explain the meaning of the opportunity cost of producing a product and the difference between an explicit cost and an implicit cost. How would you determine the implicit money cost of a resource? a. The opportunity cost of producing
Essays. Choose one prompt and write a well-developed essay of at least five paragraphs. Your response should include a thesis statement and examples from the text to support your claim (you do not need to include specific quotes). Explain the meaning
Seminar in Sociology Chapter 121. An overview of education and religion a. Both institutions provide: a. Socialization of values/beliefs/behavior (religious socialization is usually in the family) b. Stability and order through informal social cont
Marriage Systems Forms of Marriage Monogamy: A union between two people that is practiced in most societies. It is the most common type of marriage today even in societies that allow plural marriage Serial Monogamy: A person can only be married to on | eng | 3db0dd5a-07ad-405c-8d8a-aaa1487eed9a | http://www.coursehero.com/file/121163/10-23-06/ |
Four— Jeannette Meyer Thurber (1850–1946): Music for a Democracy
Emanuel Rubin
Although she was neither performer nor composer, Jeannette Meyer Thurber exerted as great an influence on the musical life of the United States as any other figure of her generation. From her early thirties until the last years of her life, she worked incessantly on behalf of greater public access to good music. She made possible the presentation of innumerable concerts, operas, and musical tours, promoted American musicians with special attention to the careers of minorities and women, and built the first American repertory opera company that traveled the breadth of the country. Admirable as those achievements were, what earned her a unique place in the history of American music was the creation, in 1885, of the National Conservatory of Music of America, one of the most influential music schools the United States has produced. Under her leadership, the school brought the great Bohemian composer Antonín Dvorak[*] to New York, initiated important features of American postsecondary music education, and in 1891 became the only arts institution ever awarded a congressional charter. Nevertheless, Jeannette Thurber, one of America's most far-sighted and influential music patrons, is "all but forgotten today, lost in the obscurity of a once bold enterprise."[1]
It is instructive to speculate why this fascinating woman has been so little recognized in the twentieth century. A glib answer, not entirely without validity, is the assumption that she was ignored simply because she was a woman. In her own day, though, she was too widely respected by people of talent, wealth, and influence to have been ignored; not only that, but Jeannette Thurber was a hard woman to ignore. If she wanted one's attention, she was quite good at getting it. Of the many reasons why such an important figure received so little recognition for her achievements, one stands out: her greatest successes were, from one point of view failures—and America has never been kind to even the appearance of losing.
The fates of her two most ambitious projects illustrate this. The National Conservatory, in spite of its unarguable influence on the history of American
This chapter draws on several earlier articles and papers by the author, with much revision and new material added for this book. Especially relevant are: "Jeannette Meyer Thurber and the National Conservatory of Music," American Music 8 (Fall 1990): 294–325; "American Opera in the Gilded Age" (paper presented to the National Meeting of the Sonneck Society at Hampton, Va., 6 April 1991); "Dvorak at the National Conservatory," in Dvorak[*]in America , ed. John Tibbetts (Portland, OR: Amadeus Press, 1993), 53–81; and "American Opera in the Gilded Age: America's First Professional Touring Opera Company," in Opera and the Golden West , ed. John L. DiGaetani and Josef P. Sirefman (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994), 78–96. I owe thanks for help with this essay to more people than I could possibly list here, but I must single out my wife, Serene, for her patience, encouragement, and emergency assistance as typist and rescuer of lost data.
Jeannette Meyer Thurber is cited in the notes as JMT.
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music, faded and finally disappeared about 1930, an apparent victim of the stock market crash of the previous autumn. Notwithstanding its pioneering curriculum, superior faculty, imaginative programming, and long list of influential graduates, its memory was crowded aside by the excitement of a new generation of private and state-funded music schools that flourished in the ground prepared by Jeannette Thurber's enterprise. Such scant attention was paid to the school after its demise that its institutional records, once relegated to a barn in upstate. New York, have now completely disappeared. Her other grand project, the American Opera Company, foundered in bankruptcy after only two brilliant seasons. Appearances, though, are not the whole story. Her work helped to mold the shape of music in twentieth-century America and to give American music an identity of its own.
Her obsession with the democratization of music flew in the face of most of her peers among America's wealthy, who claimed the concert hall and opera house as symbols of gentility and social status under the tutelage of tastemakers like John Sullivan Dwight.[2] She countered the thrust of New York's Metropolitan Opera Society in an attempt to establish opera that would be more accessible to the American public, and, as we shall see, actively encouraged African-American performers such as Harry T. Burleigh and Sissieretta Jones. Supported by her husband's idealism and capital, she devoted more than forty-five years of her life to wrestling with day-to-day management of the conservatory she lovingly founded and funded. She firmly believed, and demonstrated in her life, that wealth brought not just privilege, but obligation as well.
At the very least, Jeannette Thurber was an example of energy and imagination in arts patronage that few could match. Yet in spite of being constantly in the public eye for more than forty years, she remained an essentially shadowy figure. Although she was forever speaking out in the newspapers and writing articles in support of her projects, she was quiet in respect to her private life and avoided self-promotion. Charles N. Boyd, associate editor of the American Supplement to Grove's Dictionary , wrote across his confidential file card for Mrs. Thurber in 1918, "Averse to personal publicity,"[3] and the entry he finally published in the first American Grove's was a mere six lines.
Jeannette Thurber was a paradox. Simultaneously aristocratic and bohemian, she took pleasure in both country dancing and discussing new compositions with her friend Dvorak[*] . A tough negotiator, she wrested major funding commitments from the industrialists Andrew Carnegie and August Belmont and won contract concessions from the most hardened artists' representatives; yet she loved to spend summers in carefree play at her rustic country home in the Catskills, without indoor plumbing. Although she appeared in New York society in magnificent gowns, her preferred mode of dress was a suit tailored more like her husband's than most women of her day would have dared to wear.
She was strikingly beautiful, with a light, glowing complexion magnificently set off by dark hair and eyes. Years later the pianist and essayist James Gibbons
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Huneker, her secretary at one time, wrote, "She was a picturesque woman, Gallic in her 'allures', but more Spanish than French in features. She spoke French like a Parisian, and after thirty years, I confess that her fine, dark eloquent eyes troubled my peace more than once."[4] In the course of her career she trained those "dark eloquent eyes" in professional appraisal on Victor Herbert, Anton Seidl, Theodore Thomas, Emil Paur, Frank van der Stucken, and most of the other great names of American music at the turn of the century.
Upon Thurber's death in 1946 at the venerable age of 95, Olin Downes eulogized her in the New York Times under the headline, "Friend of Music,"[5] crediting her with preparing a national climate for the advanced study of music and with inspiring the emulation of her school and its high standards by other educational institutions. Under her guidance, the National Conservatory enlisted the support of wealthy and powerful patrons, established curricula and procedures now adopted by almost all American postsecondary music schools, attracted a faculty of international renown, and prepared several generations of composers and performers to play a significant role in shaping American musical life.
The Path to Patronage
Jeannette Meyer was born in Delhi, New York, on 29 January 1850 and died at her daughter's home in Bronxville, New York, almost 96 years later, on 2 January 1946. Her father, Henry, had come to the United States from Denmark, where he was born 9 November 1809 to a prominent family in Randers, a suburb of Copenhagen.[6] Henry Meyer was naturalized as an American citizen in November 1837 on the affidavit of Edward Valentine Price, his future brother-in-law. He was a cultured man with a fine library, and was an enthusiastic amateur violinist who participated in a string quartet that met weekly to "play the works of the masters."[7] Jeannette's mother, Annamarie (or Anne Maria) Coffin Price, came from old New England stock, stemming from Benjamin Price, who arrived in Boston about 1630 and was a founding father of both Saybrook, Connecticut, and Elizabeth, New Jersey. John Price, her great-grandfather, had fought in the Revolutionary War, and her grandfather, the Reverend Eliphalet Price, D.D., had been pastor of the Old Presbyterian Church at Wappinger's Creek from 1811 until his death in 1850, the year she was born.
Jeannette was sent to the Paris Conservatory to study music while still in her teens—suitably chaperoned, one would assume. After returning, she married Francis Beattie Thurber, of New York, on 15 September 1869, when she was just nineteen. Her husband was a wealthy wholesale food merchant who shared her love for music and supported her iconoclastic views. He sympathized with the anti-trust movement, hardly a popular position for a man in his circle, and he experimented with the development of a stock ownership scheme for his employees. Not only did Frank Thurber make personal contributions and loans to the National Conservatory, but his firm, Thurber, Whyland & Co., was also a major
Fig. 11. Jeannette Thurber as a young woman. Photograph from the Onteora Club archives, courtesy of E. Davis Gaillard, librarian.
donor. His sister, Candace Wheeler, also a strong personality, made a name for herself as an author, textile designer, and outspoken advocate of women's involvement in the commercial arts and crafts industry.[8]
In the spring of 1883, Candace Wheeler took her brother and his wife Jeannette to the Catskills near Tannersville, New York.[9] The intent of the trip seems to have been to provide a relaxed vacation in the mountains as a curative for Mrs. Thurber, who was suffering from bronchitis. All three fell in love with the area, so
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much so that within twenty-four hours of his arrival, Francis Thurber had bought land and signed contracts for construction of two cottages for his own and his sister's families. These would become the nucleus of a summer retreat for a fascinating collection of artists, writers, and people from the business world. It was Mrs. Thurber who dubbed the colony "Onteora": "Hills of the Sky," in the language of the Mohawk Indians who populated the area.[10] Over the next few years the Thurbers, Candace Wheeler, and Samuel Coykendall formed the Catskill Mountains Camp and Cottage Company, which later became the Onteora Club, a private corporation established to sell and rent summer cottages, build and manage a guest inn ("The Bear and Fox"), and maintain the land.
The housewarming for the Thurbers' cottage, "Lotus Land," provides a rare glimpse into their private life. A corn roast with "plenty of root beer and lemonade" was proposed, "But the head carpenter," Candace Wheeler wrote many years later, "changed all that."
"Give us exactly what you would give your friends in New York, Mr. Thurber," he advised. . . . So oysters and boxes and barrels of cake and ice and ice cream, and harmless things to drink, came. . . . [Then] wagons began to arrive . . . a long procession of them full of men and boys, and women and babies, and girl-children of all ages.[11]
Three local fiddlers provided music for dancing, led by Mrs. Thurber. "Occasionally," her sister-in-law chronicled, "she was at fault in some of the rapid changes, then the leading fiddler would shout, 'You there,' pointing his bow at her, 'come back here!' and back she would come laughingly to the point indicated, and begin over again."[12]
Perhaps it was the summer pleasures of Onteora, or perhaps it was that her children, Jeannette, Marianna, and Francis, Jr., were beginning to grow up; but 1883, the same year that she and her husband began their enterprise in the Catskills, was also the year that saw Jeannette Thurber begin to emerge as one of the most important American music patrons of the nineteenth century. In 1883 she underwrote Theodore Thomas's notable concerts for young people in New York City, the first "children's concerts" given in the New World, and the following year she underwrote a cross-country tour by Thomas and his orchestra that introduced the music of Richard Wagner to much of the United States. Deems Taylor noted that the repertoire for those concerts was so heavily weighted with Wagner that some wits referred to them collectively as the "Thomas Wagner Festival."[13] Thurber capped that by providing New York City with a real Wagner Festival later the same year, featuring the Thomas orchestra, increased to 150 players, and the combined forces of three choral organizations.[14] It was an artistic success, but lost money on a heroic scale, reportedly leaving its guarantor owing $1.5 million. Typically, rather than discouraging her, collapse of that project only spurred Thurber to greater efforts. She went on to sponsor a series of popular outdoor concerts and then the New York debut of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1888–89.
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As early as 1878 she had noted the lack of opportunity for young American singers and had persuaded a group of interested patrons to underwrite vehicles for them to appear on stage in New York. She carried that idea to its logical conclusion by organizing the American Opera Company and its companion corporation, the National Conservatory of Music, in 1885. Those two enterprises were to become her full-time occupation in the following years. Indeed, the National Conservatory would be the focus of her prodigious energy for the remainder of her life.
A National Opera
The American Opera Company was a professional stock company with the avowedly democratic intent of bringing world-class opera to a broad spectrum of the American public at affordable prices. The company's policies showed Mrs. Thurber's touch in several ways: it eschewed the "star system," championed native singers, and performed all operas in English translation. Its prospectus boasted that it had, among other features:
The largest regularly trained chorus ever employed in grand opera in America. . . . The largest ballet corps ever presented in grand opera in America and as far as possible, American in its composition. . . . Four thousand new and correct costumes for which no expense has been spared. . . . [S]cenery . . . painted by the most eminent scenic artists. . . . The musical guidance of Theodore Thomas . . . [and] the unrivalled Thomas Orchestra.[15]
Mrs. Thurber's goal was larger than the opera company itself, though. It was nothing less than the creation of a national infrastructure that would encourage and support American opera throughout the entire country. The foundation for that organization was to be a network of training schools in metropolitan centers across the country, bound together by a professional ensemble that would tour from one center to another, presenting professional productions of the highest musical quality at reasonable ticket prices. She firmly believed that great music would create its own audience and that opera could prosper without conceding anything to the demands of the business office. Mrs. Thurber entrusted the business end of the venture to Charles Locke, who had managed the tours of the Thomas orchestra, and concentrated her attention on production and promotion.
Another aspect of her plan was the desire to create a company that would, as much as possible, feature American rather than imported European productions and would encompass the artistic aspirations of the entire nation. It was a grand scheme: a national opera company coupled to a national conservatory, housed in New York, but with branches all over the country and a professional touring company to connect them into a single network. The new company proposed to present, as the prospectus breathlessly put it, "Artists . . . of the front rank of American singers . . . supported by an ensemble which has never been equaled in this country." We shall return shortly to the brochure's special emphasis on the word ensemble , a significant feature of Mrs. Thurber's thinking.
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An additional motivation for forming the company, one that was not announced openly, was social. The Academy of Music on East Fourteenth Street had been the socially preferred venue for opera at least since 1878 under the financing of August Belmont. The academy could not accommodate all the wealthy who hoped to take boxes, though, and the "old money"—the Bayards, Cuttings, Lorillards, Van Rensselaers, and their ilk—were not amenable to the influx of the nouveaux riches—the Astors, Vanderbilts, and their crowd. It was rumored that William K. Vanderbilt had offered $30,000 for a box but was politely turned away.
The Metropolitan Opera House, then, was created in 1883 to accommodate the needs of the new wealthy. Boxes, which cost $12,000 to $15,000 a season, sold out immediately. With a capacity of just over three thousand, one might think that there would be other seats in the hall from which to hear the performance; but a box at the opera was a statement of wealth and social position, not merely a listener's chair. "From an artistic and musical point of view," wrote Henry Theophilus Finck the morning after the opening of the Met, "the large number of boxes in the Metropolitan is a decided mistake. But as the house was avowedly built for social purposes rather than artistic, it is useless to complain about this."[16] The Met had been founded as a cathedral for celebrating the gospel of opera; the intent of the American Opera Company, by contrast, was to spread the faith.
The board of the American Opera Company included Andrew Carnegie as president, along with his fellow New York multimillionaires August Belmont, Levi P. Morton, Henry Seligman, Brayton Ives, H. J. Jewett, and Deacon White. With an eye toward the eventual development of "branches" throughout the country, Mrs. Thurber also included a number of westerners: the meat-packing magnate N. K. Fairbank and George M. Pullman, of sleeping-car fame, both from Chicago, D. Washburn, a flour and wheat distributor from Minneapolis, Charles Crocker, the railroad builder from San Francisco, and Nevada's John W. Mackay, who owned the Comstock silver mines and laid the first transatlantic cable.[17]
With the backing of that formidable list of incorporators, Mrs. Thurber approached the conductor Theodore Thomas, with whom she had already worked on projects such as the children's concerts and the Wagner Festival, and with whose ideas she sympathized. Thomas had recently had a bad experience with wealthy backers of the College of Music in Cincinnati, so he was a bit hesitant at first to get mixed up with another such group; but the attraction of a New York base of operations, combined with steady engagements for his orchestra, was irresistible. Besides, the support of all those multimillionaires made the scheme look foolproof. One of Thomas's biographers, filled with the wisdom of hindsight, lamented: "They approached him with this proposal and he accepted it. Despite the warnings of clearer-sighted friends, despite the lesson he had received at Cincinnati, he accepted. He believed with all his heart in the fable about the millionaire and art. God knows why he should have believed it, except for the reason that he wished it to be true."[18]
Thomas threw himself into the company enthusiastically, hiring singers, edit-
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ing scores, even making his own English translations for performances. This was to be an opera company that reflected his personality and his "ensemble" approach to production, which was almost certainly one of the reasons why Thurber was attracted to him as musical director. Unlike the symphony orchestra, where ensemble was all, opera from its earliest days had always depended on the personalities and vocal pyrotechnics of its stars. Balance and blend had long been one of Thomas's strongest points as an orchestra conductor, and this was a chance to show that those qualities could play an equally effective role in opera. He advocated opera in which "all the concomitant parts . . . [would be] equally balanced and excellent."[19]
The plan was initiated as announced: twenty-nine lead singers were employed, twenty of whom were Americans, most of whom were relatively unknown, and some of whom, like Emma Juch, would later go on to fame in other operatic enterprises. An astonishing number of productions, eclectically chosen from classic and modern works, were put into rehearsal for the first season. The anglicized titles used at the time are preserved in the repertoire of the American Opera Company's first (1885–86) season, as compiled from clippings in Mrs. Thurber's scrapbooks and elsewhere:
The company opened on 4 January 1886, at the Academy of Music, with the American premiere of Hermann Goetz's Taming of the Shrew . "It went without a hitch," wrote Russell, "a fact that caused universal comment and amazement."
The scenery, all specially painted by famous artists, was wonderfully good and beautiful, all the accessories were adequate, the chorus covered itself with glory, the soloists sang adorably. Critics, commentators, skeptics, joined the public in one swelling hymn of laudation. Operas had not been so produced in the memory of living man. What struck everyone was the flawless perfection of the details and their relation to the harmony of the whole.[20]
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Performing the best of the standard repertoire and featuring fine young artists in brilliantly staged productions, the company won the admiration of New York music lovers. A handful of deprecators carped at details, but there was a general outpouring of approval. Backers felt that the support warranted continuing with the plan for a national tour, and sure enough, the new company was greeted with popular enthusiasm and critical acclaim in major cities across the country. In view of the Metropolitan's single-minded emphasis on stars and its reputation for poor, if not downright shoddy, staging, there can be little wonder that Thomas's meticulous preparation brought such enthusiastic response. Of course, it also helped that chorus members were full-time employees with regular rehearsals conducted by their own chorus master.
Consistent with Mrs. Thurber's vision of a nationwide musical infrastructure united by a touring opera troupe, the company played with great acclaim in four major cities during its first year: New York in January, Washington, D.C., in February, New York again in March, followed by Philadelphia, and finally, in November, St. Louis. Only one flaw marked that first, brilliant season, but it was a most serious one: an enormous deficit. Many of Mrs. Thurber's co-sponsors, including Andrew Carnegie, whose name had headed the stationery as president, began to back-pedal away from the project. To avoid pending bills and frustrate lawsuits, the American Opera Company was dissolved and reorganized for 1886–87 as "The National Opera Company of New Jersey," a plan that allowed the new company to assume the assets of its predecessor but walk away from most of its debts. At this same time, as we shall shortly see, the name of its companion training institution was changed from "The American School of Opera" to the "National Conservatory of Music," further separating it from the sinking opera corporation.
Thomas, deeply committed to the project, soldiered on, reluctantly taking Carnegie's place as president. The renamed company opened its second season with great success in New York, and quickly became the musical conversation piece of the year. The season was crowned with the National Opera's American premiere of Anton Rubinstein's Nero at the Metropolitan Opera House, a production acclaimed as having been "placed upon the stage on a scale of splendor never before given to opera in this country . . . sung with enthusiasm, intelligence, and artistic devotion."[21] As far away as Chicago, a critic proclaimed, "The National Opera Co. is making a decided success at the Metropolitan Opera House, and notably with Rubinstein's Nero ."[22] In spite of rumored fiscal problems, Charles Locke, the company's manager, announced that the National Opera Company, like its predecessor, would undertake a transcontinental tour.
With the nearly unanimous acclaim of New York and Boston critics still ringing in the ears of Thomas and his troupe, the National Opera Company sped off across the country. The tour ran into increasing financial problems on its west-ward leg, culminating in a comic-opera-like fiasco in Omaha: unable to pay for the transportation of performers and baggage, the company had to be bailed out from New York before being permitted to leave. Hardly had the train departed Omaha,
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however, when it was halted; a mistake, it was now said, had been made and the company would have to pay $7,000 more if it wished to continue its journey. The money was supplied by Mrs. Thurber's Onteora friend Washington Connor, whose son was married to the Thurbers' oldest daughter, Jeannette.
Finally arriving in San Francisco on 17 April 1887, the company performed brilliantly. "Lohengrin by the National Opera Company, was the finest operatic performance ever presented to a San Francisco audience," one paper exclaimed on 23 April. Encouraged by such enthusiasm, the company stayed on for an additional, uncontracted, performance. That last evening in San Francisco was marked by a fiasco of a different kind: steam lines constructed under the stage to provide "smoke" for the final scene of Rubinstein's Nero —the burning of Rome—burst. Thomas whipped the opera through the resulting chaos without losing a beat. "People said it was the best fire scene ever put upon any stage and the newspapers praised Thomas for arranging it."[23]
Leaving San Francisco a day late, but showered with popular praise, the company chartered three trains to race to the next scheduled performance: Lohengrin , in Kansas City. That trip contributed still more stories to the mythology of the company, with breathless tales of hot-box fires and of railroad cars careening wildly as they took turns on one rail at seventy miles per hour to the accompaniment of prayers from the musicians. One member of the orchestra reported of the Kansas City performance, "I have never known it to go better. We were too excited to be tired. Sometimes a performance on bare nerves is the best in the world."[24]
Back in New York, the shell game that had buried the debts of the defunct American Opera Company only to shuffle them furtively to the National Opera Company did not go unchallenged. Thomas had gamely swallowed personal financial loss and continued as director because of his faith in the ideal, but the prima donna, Emma Fursch-Madi, was not of so benevolent a disposition, and she sued the manager, Charles Locke, for $679 in back salary more than a year overdue.[25]
The tour was an artistic triumph conducted against a backdrop of fiscal chaos and internal bickering. In Chicago, after one blowup, the choral director discharged a number of singers for incompetence; however, it was symptomatic that all those discharged were Americans, leaving a chorus of eighty-four, sixty-six of whom were Germans. When one of the fired American singers protested and threatened to sue, he was rehired as an assistant stage director, although he had no experience in stagecraft.
While Syracuse papers were heralding upcoming performances of Flotow's Martha , other, more foreboding newspaper articles were also appearing. "The American Opera Co., Limited, of New York, which started out with such grand prospects and was merged into the National Opera Company of New Jersey, has, in its legal evolutions toward dissolution, fallen into hands of a receiver," the St. Louis Tribune , for example, reported on 24 March. Mrs. Thurber quickly countered with a story that appeared just two days later:
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The Opera is Prospering No Receiver for the National Company False Report Denied
"There is not a particle of truth in the report that the National Opera Company has gone into the hands of a receiver," said Mr. Jaffre, the cashier of the company, to a Herald reporter who sought an interview with Mr. Locke at the Brooklyn Academy of Music last night.[26]
The press played a key role in keeping the story of the National Opera Company in the public eye. There were 84 articles about the National Opera Company in the 1887 New York Times alone, even more remarkable when one considers that the troupe was away on tour that year more than they were in the city. Articles such as "Mrs. Thurber's Triumph" (21 February 1887) supported the endeavor to the city's philanthropists:
Notwithstanding all, one cannot but admire the pluck of Mrs. Thurber, who has now raised for her scheme and spent about a quarter of a million dollars. Everyone hopes that the coming season will be the turning point in the company's career, and that New York capitalists will be found so impressed with the excellence of its performances as to put their hands in their pockets and establish the organization upon a firm footing.
Lawsuits, though, made better press than Mrs. Thurber's protestations or the critical acclaim the company was gathering around the country. On the same dates that the National Opera Company scored so brilliantly in San Francisco and Kansas City, New York papers were full of articles about the company fighting off suits from creditors. The tone often bordered on the salacious, as in the wonderful headline, "Six Poor Deceived Girls" atop the following story:
The American Opera Co. was a defendant in seven separate cases before judge Ehrlich in the city court yesterday. Six of the defendants were described by their lawyer, W. W. Badger, as "poor deceived girls." The other was a poor deceived man, William Parry, the stage manager. The poor deceived girls sat in two rows in the back part of the room, jauntily dressed and trying to look sad. One of them, Alice Richards, a ballet girl, who was engaged for $20 a week now enjoys the distinction of having sued more millionaires in a given time than any girl in New York. She first sued the American Opera Company for $380 or 19 weeks salary, and then, anticipating a failure to collect in that quarter, brought separate suits against C. P. Huntington, Charles Crocker, J. Pierpont Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and Henry Seligman, stockholders, each for $146 for damages.[27]
Somehow, the company managed to fulfill performance contracts on its return leg as far as Buffalo, but there Thomas finally threw in the towel, leaving on 15 June. About five days later, the company returned to New York after one last performance in Toronto without him. On 9 July Thomas severed all connection with the National Opera Company in a distressed letter, lamenting, "We have had in ourselves all the elements for good work and prosperity if only the first and vital
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condition of success in any undertaking had been observed . . . namely, prompt payment of all employees."[28]
Mrs. Thurber claimed that the company's financial difficulties had arisen because private subscriptions promised in several cities, amounting to $250,000, had not been paid. She engaged District Attorney Winfield to represent her in the Hudson County Civil Court in an attempt to recover at least the amount she had loaned the company. The assets of the company, originally valued at $150,000, were sold for $26,101, or just a little more than 17¢ on the dollar.
What had happened? Why, in the space of less than two years' time, had Jeannette Thurber's experiment in Americanizing opera gone from a brilliant beginning to such ignominious failure? There is no question about the quality of the company, the artistry of its performers, or the readiness of late-nineteenth-century American audiences to welcome opera enthusiastically. The combination of lavish productions and low prices, though, left the company with a deficit at the end of its first season from which it never recovered. One of Thomas's biographers puts it most succinctly:
The notion that any enterprise taking money from the public must be self-sustaining to justify its existence is bred in the Anglo-Saxon bone. . . . The eminent gentlemen that Mrs. Thurber's eloquence and the popularity of her husband had induced to join in the American Opera Company believed they were starting a business enterprise like any other, and when they heard that it had not paid its way in one whole season of experiment, they called it a failure and scrambled ashore.[29]
The assumption was that only those enterprises that survived in the marketplace could be called successes, and that in good, businesslike fashion, failures should be cut loose as quickly as possible. The robber barons were decisive and far from gentle in their manner. Cornelius Vanderbilt is reputed to have once sent a note to some businessmen who had tried unsuccessfully to best him, saying, "Gentlemen: I will not sue you for the law takes too long. I will ruin you. Sincerely, Cornelius Vanderbilt." Such men did not stand by a failing proposition for long, especially when there were more benefits to be had from a box at the Metropolitan than good reviews from Iowa. "Millionaires from other cities had no interest in financing an institution located in New York; while the millionaires of New York had no interest in financing an institution which was supposed to belong equally to other cities."[30]
With the clarity of hindsight we can readily see instances of the company's reach exceeding its grasp. When the National Opera Company arose in 1886 like a parody of the proverbial phoenix from the ashes of the American Opera Company, it did so with only five signatories on the articles of incorporation, registered with the state of New Jersey: Jeannette M. Thurber, Parke Goodwin, Charles G. Buckley, Washington Connor, and Cleveland Connor. The management of the renewed company announced its good intentions for the National Opera in a newspaper story on New Year's Day 1887. These included cutting expenses, reducing
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the performance season by 25 percent to less than thirty weeks, and restricting tours to the six or eight largest cities that could support the opera.[31] Nevertheless, the troupe left the next day on an eight-week tour to Boston, Worcester, Providence, New Haven, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburgh, and elsewhere to be followed by five weeks in New York—with assets of only $1,000 on hand and hopes to sell $500,000 in shares at $100 each. The Times opined:
Through bad management the enterprise lost heavily last season, and there is also a heavy shortage this season. It is said that Mrs. Thurber contributed not less than $100,000 of her private fortune to float the enterprise the first year. . . . She says the promoters of the enterprise are not trying to make money. There is not the least chance of their doing so with a daily expense of several thousand dollars.[32]
Theodore Thomas later attributed the American Opera disaster to "inexperienced and misdirected enthusiasm in business management, and to misapplication of money."[33] Charles Locke, manager of the company, seems to have been caught between Thomas on one side, demanding more rehearsal time, a larger chorus, and fuller instrumentation, and Mrs. Thurber on the other, calling for more elaborate stage effects and richer costumes. Liberal with her own money where artistic standards were concerned, Mrs. Thurber expected others to follow suit. The two complemented each other in their fiscal naïveté and trustingly left business matters which both found distasteful, in Locke's hands. There is no apparent reason to believe that the manager was dishonest, as some have charged; it rather appears that, confronted by two powerful personalities, he tried to please them both, a course of action that only contributed to the downfall of the company.
There were other causes as well. Although the principal singers were fine musicians, they did not engender the awe, adulation, or box-office draw of the international stars brought in by the Met, such as the De Reszke brothers and the brilliant, effervescent Marcella Sembrich. In addition, Thomas's successes had engendered resentment among some of New York's professional musicians, and, with the failure of the National Opera Company, many musicians, as well as patrons, turned against him. To add insult to injury, he was named as a defendant in suits brought by some of the same people whom he had supported out of his own pocket in the last days of the ill-fated tour.
A final factor in the collapse of the National/American Opera Company lay in Mrs. Thurber's failure—it might be better to say refusal—to court New York society sufficiently. Blakely Hall reflected on the results of that in an article that was reprinted across the country:
Society as such does not smile upon the National Opera. It is a pity and it is unfair to the last degree, for there can be no question of the critical excellence of the performances now being given [by the National Opera Company] at the Metropolitan Opera House. But society will not have it, so the great auditorium, which was ablaze with diamonds and showy toilets during the German opera season, is dimmed by the
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sober costumes of the poor relations and out-of-town cousins of the millionaire box-owners. It would be difficult to describe in detail the change that has come over the entire opera house, but the effect is palpable. When a small section of society does venture out to one of the performances of the National Opera, it comes late, talks as though bored to death by the performance, and retires early. It is a pity that nothing that is American can become fashionable in New York.[34]
The National Conservatory
The weight of such a failure would have been enough to crush most people. At the same time that all this was going on, though, Jeannette Thurber was also developing her other great project, the National Conservatory. For the formation of that school she persuaded Andrew Carnegie, William K. Vanderbilt, Joseph W. Drexel, and August Belmont to join with her in establishing a school of music whose most important goal would be to foster a "national musical spirit." Mrs. Thurber served as president and the eminent retired jurist William Gardner Choate as vice president. On 21 September 1885, the organizers obtained a certificate of incorporation from the state of New York.
The incorporators on the original petition constituted a select list of New York's most prominent industrialists and musicians, some of whom were also on the board of the American Opera Company:
Two adjoining houses at 126–128 East Seventeenth Street, near Irving Place, in New York City, were converted for the conservatory's use, and the school opened its doors in the fall of 1885 with 84 pupils. The opera and the conservatory were conceived of as interlocking, mutually supportive, institutions. The opera company, it was felt, would provide professional opportunities for the most gifted of the conservatory's students, as well as a model of artistry, a locus to bring leading performers into contact with students, and a means for recruiting outstanding talent from all over the country to the school in New York. The curricular model was the Paris Conservatory, where Mrs. Thurber had been a student; but its narrowly conceived purpose was originally to provide a venue for training young Americans to take their places in the opera company. It is hardly surprising, then, that the first account books of the conservatory show the name of the school as "The American School of Opera."[35] The school operated under that name for seven months until it was changed by petition of Mrs. Thurber on 15 April 1886 in the flurry of activity detaching assets from the opera company.
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The National Conservatory quickly outgrew its original narrow focus to become the outstanding institution for professional musical preparation in the United States, a reputation it would continue to hold for more than a quarter century. Unlike the more glamorous but ill-fated opera company, the National Conservatory achieved and sustained success, and as late as 1955 Victor Herbert's biographer still lauded the institution in the most glowing terms, writing that the National Conservatory "boasted a truly brilliant faculty, offered comprehensive curricula, and proved itself a vital force in this county's musical development. To this day no institute of musical instruction can be said to have surpassed it in potentialities."[36]
Mrs. Thurber initiated the school with a brilliant coup by naming the famous baritone Jacques Bouhy (1848–1929) as its first director, a post in which he served from 1885 to 1889. A product of the conservatories of Liège and Paris, Bouhy had established an outstanding international reputation on the European opera stage, where he had created the role of the fiery Don Escamillo in Bizet's Carmen . At the height of his career at the time of his appointment, he was an enormous asset as a voice coach. Under his direction the conservatory's first curriculum was dominated by sight-singing (solfeggio, or solfège, which was required of instrumentalists and vocalists alike), voice training, and opera. To head the voice department, Bouhy brought in the renowned French soprano Emma Fursch-Madi, who was also a box-office attraction for the American Opera Company.
Neither race nor gender, both of which placed insurmountable hurdles before applicants at other conservatories, played a part in the selection of students at Mrs. Thurber's school. Minority pupils made up a significant percentage of the conservatory's student body at every level. The African-American composers Will Marion Cook, Edward Bolin,[37] and Maurice Arnold Strothotte were all students there, and the great black soprano Sissieretta Jones was featured with the conservatory's orchestra and chorus. Following one of the school's orchestra concerts, a critic noted in wonder at the participation of female students: "The violins, especially, among whom there is a sprinkling of girls, covered themselves with credit."[38]
While studying in France Mrs. Thurber had been impressed by the French educational system, which provided advanced musical schooling at government expense. She planned to match it by subsidizing talented students from across the country without regard to their backgrounds, meeting the cost from private donations. The National Conservatory was the first such institution in the United States to make a special mission of seeking out and encouraging female, minority, and physically disabled students, and the school soon earned a reputation for being "specially successful in helping students of foreign birth and certain special classes, like the blind and those of negro blood."[39]
Mrs. Thurber's scholarship plan resulted in financial problems from the very beginning. She was reported to have donated $100,000 herself to get the project started.[40] Nevertheless, there were often shortfalls to be met from the Thurbers' own pockets. Mrs. Thurber's report to the trustees during the second year of op-
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eration reminded them pointedly that they had an "honorable obligation" to cover the debt of $15,000–20,000 "due to teachers only."[41]
General tuition was not free, as some have thought; it was $100 per semester, as an 1892 advertisement in the Musical Courier indicates. To compare that to tuition costs today, one might think in terms of how much $100 would buy then. In 1892, coal was $3.94/ton, and $100 would have bought over 227 pounds of sugar at 44¢/lb. Bacon was 11¢/lb. and eggs were 22¢/dozen. Free tuition had from the beginning been intended for only the most talented and needy students in the "artist" course. For them, Mrs. Thurber developed what appeared to be an ingenious, self-perpetuating loan scheme, in which a student's education would be underwritten and within a few years that same student would begin to provide funds to continue and enlarge the scholarship program. Gifted students who could not afford to pay signed an agreement that read, in part: "Students are bound, on the completion of their studies, to assist in carrying on the National Educational work of the Conservatory, by contributing, for a specified time in each case, one-fourth of all monies earned professionally by them over and above the sum of one thousand dollars per annum."[42]
Unfortunately, such a clause was not enforceable, because most students were minors at the time they entered into the contract. Furthermore, since many of those students were members of minority groups or women, their earnings after graduation were limited. Indeed, for most young women at that time, marriage meant the end of career aspirations and often abrogated such ephemeral obligations as school loans.
In November 1887, with the National Opera Company in a shambles and Mrs. Thurber beset by lawsuits, advertisements for the National Conservatory began appearing in the New York area, listing a faculty whose areas of specialization clearly reflected the school's original purpose as an opera training institute:
Advertisements of 1888 show seven new faculty members, whose addition reflected a philosophical change in the direction of a more comprehensive pro-
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gram, since ties to the opera company no longer existed. Other prominent musicians who would later join the faculty included Anton Seidl (opera conductor), Frank van der Stucken (orchestra conductor), Rafael Joseffy (piano), Adele Margulies (piano), James Gibbons Huneker (piano), Rubin Goldmark (piano, harmony, chorus), Horatio Parker (organ), Oscar Klein (piano, organ, and composition), Leopold Lichtenberg (violin), Victor Herbert (cello), and Henry Theophilus Finck (music history). By 1890–91 there were more than forty on the faculty, and the student body had increased proportionately, with some 207 registered in piano classes alone. Various sources mention other distinguished faculty as well.[43]
The school was aggressively advertised. In keeping with the conservatory's aspirations to national scope, marketing was not restricted to greater New York. Besides notices in national journals (Etude, Musical America, Musical Courier , etc.), announcements and paid advertisements of the New York auditions appeared in local newspapers all across the country, and the conservatory's secretary, Charles Inslee Pardee, fired off regular news releases trumpeting each new faculty acquisition. By 1890 the National Conservatory claimed, with some justification, to be "the only musical institute in America in which the ground work of a thorough musical education is laid, and its structure afterward carried to completion."[44] Courses of study were not designed exclusively for the aspiring professional, though. An admiring article in Harper's explained various aspects of the curriculum:
Among the few music schools in this country which really merit the name of conservatory, the National Conservatory of Music of America in New York deserves special attention because it was not organized as a money-making institution, but as a sort of musical high-school where pupils could prepare themselves for the career of concert, church, or opera singers, of solo or orchestral players, or of teachers, for a merely nominal sum, or if talented, without any charge for tuition. . . . The National Conservatory is not, however, intended solely for those who wish to devote themselves to music as a profession, but also for amateurs. . . . Church-choir singers who have passed through the [solfeggio] course will never thereafter experience any difficulty in singing at sight the most difficult harmonic parts of a sacred composition.[45]
As early as the third season of the conservatory's existence, when over 220 students had passed through its doors, Jeannette Thurber sought a federal endowment for the National Conservatory. Had her proposal been passed as submitted, it would have made it a truly national institution, chartered and subsidized by the federal government. "Among the arts the first rank is held by music," Thurber asserted in an 1888 petition to Congress.[46] Noting the near-universal subsidization of music in Europe, she argued that something similar was "inevitable" in the United States and should be instituted at once: "America has, so far, done nothing in a National way either to promote the musical education of its people or to develop any musical genius they possess, and . . . in this, she stands alone among the civilized nations of the world."[47]
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The crux of her proposal was to have a line item placed in the federal budget funding the National Conservatory in the amount of $200,000 per year. Each senator and each member of the House of Representatives would have the privilege of nominating one scholarship pupil, in much the same manner as was done at the military academies. Her prose was sweeping, her arguments persuasive, and circumstances seemed propitious: a large and embarrassing tax surplus existed, and Congress was looking for politically expeditious ways to spend it. Political support was weak, though, and the petition failed.[48]
She soon rallied her forces for another attack. The ground was laid with a concert of American music in Washington on 26 March 1890, in a program including music of John Knowles Paine, Dudley Buck, Frank van der Stucken, and Arthur Weld. The following year, 1891, with a new administration in place, she mustered support from the political and legal communities as well as the worlds of finance and the arts, and achieved partial victory in the form of a congressional charter. While there was no grant of funds attached to it, the distinction did provide an enormous boost for the school's prestige.
The congressional charter did not, however, address the central problem of public funding, a philosophical as well as a practical consideration that would occupy Mrs. Thurber for the rest of her life, and that would have enormous implications for American music. Mrs. Thurber was determined to win that point, and in another attempt to do so, devised a strategy revolving around an appeal to make the nation's capital the home of the National Conservatory. She included in her new proposal a clause reading, "Said corporation is hereby empowered to found, establish and maintain a national conservatory of music within the District of Columbia."[49] The District of Columbia, which was then regarded as something of a provincial outpost, could not help but be attracted by the idea of capturing an institution with the panache of the National Conservatory. Speaking on behalf of the bill, Representative Benton MacMillin told the House, "Mrs. Thurber . . . is engaged in a noble exertion to advance music and art in this country. . . . I hope there will not be a single objection to its passing."[50] There were none: it was approved by both Houses and signed into law within two days.
As might be imagined, passage of the bill was hailed by musicians and patrons of the art as a major step in raising the musical standards of the entire country. The prospect of moving the National Conservatory to Washington, though, seems to have lost its appeal almost immediately, if indeed it had ever been more than a ploy. The New York Post acclaimed the event as a cultural triumph and seemed untroubled about the supposed relocation to Washington: "[This is] the first instance of anything being done by the National Legislature on behalf of music. Hereafter the National Conservatory in New York will be nominally only a branch of the central establishment at Washington, but in reality it will continue, for some time, at least, to be of more importance than the Washington school."[51] The site in the District of Columbia never became a reality, however, nor does there seem ever to have been a serious effort to make it so.
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Whatever else the 1891 charter accomplished, it did not solve the continuing financial problems inherent in the very design of the conservatory. The financial burden of the school and its programs fell almost entirely on incorporators and donors, which, for the most part, meant the Thurbers. In addition to an original sum rumored to have been $100,000, gifts of $5,000 were contributed in 1885 and again in 1886 by Francis Thurber. The conservatory's account books also show several loans from F. B. Thurber noted, "to be repaid when in funds": one of $2,000 on 26 February and another on 2 April 1886, just as paychecks had to be written. Mrs. Thurber obtained another such open-ended loan of $5,000 (2 April 1886) from L. Horton, which enabled the conservatory to balance its books. Except for an initial $5,000 check from Andrew Carnegie, though, the books of those first years are silent about the other members of the board. Within a few years, as the conservatory's fame grew, the picture began to change, but little of the money generated by the school's success came from other incorporators. As an example, following the highly visible concert of American music in Washington, the account books for May and June of 1890 showed over $14,000 in gifts, mostly in checks for $100 or less.
Mrs. Thurber was well aware that the key to the school's quality and prestige lay in its faculty, and she herself made the principal appointments on the basis of prospective teachers' professional reputations rather than open advertisements or auditions. Her own trips abroad were often invested in identifying and interviewing prospective teachers, and it was not uncommon for her to press current faculty into that service as well when they were on tour.
She ruled the faculty graciously but firmly. Her strong personality and idealism inspired them to feel individually responsible for the success of her endeavors. An example of that can be seen in an exchange of letters from December 1889, made public by Charles Inslee Pardee, dean and secretary of the conservatory. Seven of the best-known members of the faculty submitted a letter with the proposal that "[recognizing] how hard and successfully you are laboring to establish a United States Conservatory which shall be truly national in character," they would volunteer their services for a scholarship fund-raising concert. The offer was quickly accepted.[52] Normally, Mrs. Thurber included the faculty as allies rather than employees, and members of the staff were made to feel privileged to have been chosen for their posts.
With the academic year of 1889–90, when the focus of the school had clearly shifted away from opera, Bouhy returned to Paris. For three years the school operated without a nominal director. It was hardly a fallow period though, for these were the same years in which Mrs. Thurber successfully petitioned the government for a congressional charter, involved the National Conservatory in plans for a concert in Washington to commemorate the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America, and announced a long-range plan to select the best young musicians from communities all across the country for their final stages of professional training in New York. Of that last, Harper's wrote enthusiastically: "It is the intention of Mrs. Thurber to follow the example of the [Paris] Conservatoire . . .
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in establishing branches of the National Conservatory, and tributary to it, in other large American cities. . . . These need not necessarily be newly founded schools, but of the already existing schools the best might be brought into connection with the National Conservatory, sending their advanced pupils to receive their 'finishing touches' in the centre of American musical activity."[53]
At the time, Mrs. Thurber was also busy searching for a new director whose prestige would be irresistible on the floor of Congress. Her choice finally fell on the Bohemian composer Antonín Dvorak. In the late spring of 1891, following some preliminary negotiations, Mrs. Thurber cabled Dvorak an offer of $15,000 a year for a two-year contract[54] with the stipulation that he was to conduct ten concerts of his own works. Dvorak, who had little inclination to travel to America, declined; but the composer was no match for Mrs. Thurber when it came to persistence. After several months of negotiations by post and personal emissaries, he succumbed to her entreaties, gently inquiring whether it might be possible to reduce the number of concerts he would have to conduct. Mrs. Thurber answered with a firm "No" and enclosed a completed contract for his signature.[55]
Dvorak arrived in New York on 27 September 1892, to become the second director of the National Conservatory. He served in that post until 1895, during which period the school undoubtedly reached its highest point. While there he developed a superb working relationship with Mrs. Thurber, who never exceeded, or even demanded in full, the terms of his contract. Mrs. Thurber also saw to it that "only the most talented students" were allowed into his composition class, as he had requested. In fact, Dvorak seems to have only conducted one concert of the conservatory's orchestra. A memo written by Mrs. Thurber says, in part: "[Dvorak] gave one concert, which was not a success financially. Fearing that he might not wish to return [out of disappointment], it was decided to give up the other concerts."[56]
The concert to which that memo refers was given at the Madison Square Garden Concert Hall on Tuesday evening, 23 January 1894, as a benefit for the New York Herald 's Free Clothing Fund. The African-American baritone Henry Thacker Burleigh and the soprano Sissieretta Jones (the "Black Patti") were featured in Rossini's Stabat Mater with "the colored male choir of St. Phillip's church under the direction of Edward H. Kinney." Dvorak opened the concert with Mendelssohn's Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream and introduced his own arrangement of Stephen Foster's "Old Folks at Home" for the full forces of the evening: soloists, chorus, and orchestra.[57]
"Long before the hour fixed for the opening the hall was filled with an immense throng,"[58] the co-sponsoring Herald exulted, and described the audience as overflowing into the aisles. Dvorak was presented with a gold-mounted ebony baton, and one of his composition students, the black composer Maurice Arnold
Fig. 12. Dvorak's[*] concert for the Herald clothing fund, 23 January 1894, featuring African-American musicians from Thurber's National Conservatory. From a drawing in the next day's New York Herald .
Strothotte, conducted the premiere of his own Plantation Dances ,[59] a composition based on African-American folk rhythms in keeping with Dvorak's continuing exhortation to his students, and for that matter, to Americans generally, to use folk material as the basis for a national music.
Correctly anticipating that Dvorak's presence would attract a group of talented young composers and national attention to the school, Mrs. Thurber established a $500 prize for "American" compositions in 1892. Judges included Dvorak[*] himself and a committee of seven other nationally known musicians.[60] The competition appears to have first been conducted in conjunction with the orchestra's concert for the festival in Washington celebrating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America, and was offered in at least one additional year as well. Henry Schoenefeld's Rural Symphony won first prize in 1892–93, with second place going to Joshua Phippen for a piano concerto, third to Frederick Field Bullard's Suite for Strings , and fourth place to Horatio Parker for his cantata The Dream King and His Love . Anton Seidl conducted a combined orchestra of students and professionals that joined with the National Conservatory Chorus to present a concert of the winning compositions in 1893. The following year (1893–94) George Whitefield Chadwick's Third Symphony won the prize, and Marguerite Merington received an award for her opera libretto Daphne .
Fig. 13. The soprano Sissieretta Jones, who sang in Dvorak's[*] concert of 23 January 1894. From a drawing in the next day's New York Herald .
Loomis, Harry Rowe Shelley, Maurice Arnold (Strothotte), Henry Waller, and Camille W. Zeckwer.[61] He also inspired many other young Americans with whom he came into contact at the conservatory, such as Henry Thacker Burleigh, Will Marion Cook, Horatio Parker, and Dudley Buck. Alois Reiser studied with Dvorak[*] in Prague after his return from the United States, and under his influence later came to this country, first as a performer, and after 1929 as a film composer.
During Dvorak's American stay, he wrote a number of his most important works. The first year he completed The American Flag , Op. 102, a patriotic cantata that was part of his contract, and, more important, his Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, which seems to have been written at least partly at Mrs. Thurber's urging. It appears that she might also be credited with suggesting its subtitle, From the New World . He spent an idyllic summer of 1893 in the predominantly Czech settlement of Spillville, Iowa, where he completed the "American" String Quartet in
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F Major (Op. 96) and the String Quintet in E-flat Major (Op. 97), and where he orchestrated the "New World" Symphony. "I should never have written these works 'just so' if I hadn't seen America," he wrote to friends in Prague.[62]
As the end of his two-year contract drew near, financial pressures made it necessary for Mrs. Thurber to offer less favorable terms of renewal. Reverses suffered in the panic of 1893 had created problems for Francis Thurber, the conservatory's chief backer. To make matters worse, Congress did not provide the hoped-for budget, and other major contributors drew back in the face of the bleak economic situation. Mrs. Thurber explained the nature of the school's difficulties and promised more dependable payments in the future. In the end, out of regard for this indefatigable woman, Dvorak[*] capitulated once again and returned against his better judgment. In spite of his disgruntlement, he wrote a number of important works that year. The best known of them were the Ten Biblical Songs , Op. 99, and the magnificent Cello Concerto, inspired by the Second Cello Concerto of his faculty colleague Victor Herbert. At the conclusion of the academic year 1894–95, Dvorak returned to Prague, where he accepted the directorship of the Bohemian Conservatory of Music.
The Years of Decline
The National Conservatory continued to be an important voice in American music for another 35 years or so, although it never recaptured the dominant position it had held during Dvorak's[*] directorship. His departure was followed by another period in which there was no director, until the appointment of Emil Paur in 1898–99. By then, the school's graduates populated the American musical scene at every level, and Mrs. Thurber could boast that "nearly 3,000 music students have received their sole tuition at the National Conservatory."[63] Paur continued as director of the conservatory until 1902, later becoming director of the Pittsburgh Symphony (1904–10). In the following years, the conservatory's orchestra was led by Leo Schulz, principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic. Paur was followed as director by Vassily Safonov, but not until after a four-year hiatus.[64] Safonov headed the conservatory from 1906 to 1909, during which time its address changed to 47–49 West Twenty-Fifth Street. Shortly after that, mention of the institution begins to grow increasingly sparse.
In 1913 Engelbert Humperdinck accepted the directorship but could not obtain release from his duties in Berlin. After that date, no one can be identified with the National Conservatory in the capacity of director, and daily management decisions must have been relegated entirely to Mrs. Thurber. In spite of a succession of celebrated directors, she had always been the real energy source of the conservatory; but trying to maintain that posture as she neared seventy must have become increasingly difficult. The end did not come suddenly, as in a bankruptcy or fire; rather, the school simply petered out as Mrs. Thurber's own strength began to wane and income from donors fell. New and vigorous schools of music with ener-
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getic young directors began to siphon students, faculty, and resources away from the National Conservatory.
Mrs. Thurber's forays into Congress had precipitated useful public debate over the appropriateness of a federally funded music conservatory in a capitalist society. Ranged on one side with Mrs. Thurber and her backers was the notable figure of Oscar Sonneck, who had virtually created the Music Division of the Library of Congress and was its first head. His position was summarized in a front-page article of 1909 in Musical America , "Should Our Government Establish a National Conservatory of Music?"[65] Sonneck's answer was a strong affirmative.
Directors of private music schools and conservatories across the country, on the other hand, did not find such a prospect attractive in the least. They were, in fact, appalled by the specter of federally funded competition, resented the downgrading of their schools to "feeder" status, and had legitimate concerns about entrusting the nation's advanced musical education to a single institution. Nor were they set at ease by Sonneck's characterization of many of them, in the article cited above, as having "tuition quite out of proportion to [their] merits."
Dvorak[*] , as might have been expected from his own background and affiliation with the conservatory, had supported Mrs. Thurber's viewpoint during his tenure. In 1895, when he made some remarks in favor of a national conservatory with a federal subsidy, the New England Conservatory reacted heatedly. Claude M. Girardeau, editorializing in the New England Conservatory Quarterly , sniped, "Indeed, we do not think that a single musical school in America is endowed in the way and to the extent that many in Europe are. Nor do we today think that state aid is the method best suited to the American nation."[66] The debate was eventually resolved in typical American fashion, with a compromise. Public funding of music schools became a reality, but funds came from the states through their growing university systems rather than being centralized in the federal government.
The forward-looking academic program of the National Conservatory played an important but little-acknowledged role in developing the profile of unified professional and humanities-oriented courses that came to typify later college-level music programs in this country. At that time history of music was most often taught, as is still the case in many other countries, in university courses separate from performance or theoretical studies, which take place at a specialized music conservatory. At the National Conservatory, though, Henry Theophilus Finck, music editor of the New York Evening Post (1881–1924), began lecturing on music history in 1888, and he continued to do so until his death in 1926. "The founder's [i.e., Thurber's] cardinal precept," noted one laudatory writer, "is that general culture should go hand in hand with special training."[67]
The introduction of solfeggio as early as 1885 was still another such innovation. Frank Damrosch, who had surveyed the programs of leading European conservatories in planning for the opening of the Institute of Musical Arts in 1905, also became an advocate of its inclusion in the curriculum, and in a 1912 article he spoke forcefully about the need for such study, with justifiable pride in his own institu-
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tion's course.[68] It was the National Conservatory under Jacques Bouhy's leadership, though, that had introduced solfeggio into the American musician's preparation. In 1890 Harper's Weekly hailed it as the "first to introduce [solfeggio] in this country in 1885,"[69] an approach most certainly influenced by Mrs. Thurber's own experience at the Paris Conservatory. Other features of the National Conservatory curriculum now considered standard in American music schools included required piano study for all students, "for the reason that it gives a solid basis to one's harmonic knowledge," and supervised "practice teaching," described by the same writer: "Teachers are literally made and by beginning their duties in preparatory classes they by a system of logical evolution become the masters of a singularly clear and inevitable method."[70] Those who showed exceptional gifts as teachers were often absorbed into the teaching staff, regardless of gender. Thus Leila LaFetra of Hyde Park, Massachusetts, appeared on a list of students in 1890; but in the next academic year she was shown as a teacher of solfeggio.
The stock market crash of 1929 and the ensuing withdrawal of funds that afflicted so many private institutions at that time seem to have been the final blows that brought down the faltering conservatory. While there was no formal announcement of the school's demise, there is no record of its operation after 1930. Continued agitation in musical circles and the press to create, or re-create, such a school attested to the void its disintegration left, but the National Conservatory was no longer capable of filling that role.
Even after the school's demise, Mrs. Thurber never relinquished her dream of a federally funded conservatory. As late as January 1939, at the age of 88, she wrote to Congressman James W. Wadsworth, representative of the Thirty-ninth District of New York, with a plan to once again introduce congressional legislation on behalf of a national conservatory. Wadsworth advised against any attempt to introduce legislation toward that end. "Such an attempt," he wrote, "I am sure, would fail, and through such failure the prospect of its success some time in the future would be diminished."[71] There was no future for such legislation, though. Support from the music world was spotty at best, especially with the wrenching turn from a depression to a war. The National Conservatory of Music was declared officially defunct by the state of New York on 15 October 1952, under section 57 of the Membership Corporations Law, for failure to file mandatory operational reports.
Success in Failure
The National Conservatory of Music of America, now forgotten by all but a handful of historians, its principals passed away, its records scattered and lost, might seem to be an issue without resonance in the present. Would the absence of Mrs. Thurber's efforts really have made a difference in the history of American music, or is that just a biographer's conceit? To weigh the answer, pick just one name from the list of the conservatory's students: Rubin Goldmark, for example, an accom-
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plished composer who went on to become head of the composition department at Juilliard from 1924 until his death in 1936. Among his students there were Henry Brant, Aaron Copland, Abram Chasins, Arthur Cohn, Lehman Engel, George Gershwin, Vittorio Giannini, Frederick Jacobi, Bernard Wagenaar, and many others who played leading roles in twentieth-century American music.
There are few instances in the history of American music, or indeed, the music of any country, where a single person influenced the musical life of an entire country as Jeannette Thurber did with her National Opera Company and National Conservatory. Her vision of music for a young democracy fused artistic excellence and popular participation. To that end she gathered some of the greatest names in music for her opera company and took world-class performances to cities all across the country; she built a music school for all Americans without the distinctions of class, race, and gender that marred many other institutions at the time. Her crowning achievement, unquestionably, was to bring Antonín Dvorak[*] to New York, where his own life and creative work were altered and where, as a composer, teacher, and thinker, he influenced the musical life of an entire nation.
And yet, as one looks over her life's work, it is hard to escape the fact that many of her projects came to be perceived as failures that miscarried financially and passed out of the public eye. It was all too easy for the vigorous musical establishment that grew up in twentieth-century America to neglect them as dead ends in American music, for as Charles Francis Adams, Jr., described the American ethos of that period, "Failure seems to be regarded as the one unpardonable crime, success as the one redeeming virtue." In the final summing-up, her "failures" took on importance, though, because they set the stage and created the standards to which all similar enterprises would later aspire. James Gibbons Huneker, that gifted coiner of epigrams from the National Conservatory faculty, once mused that Jeannette Thurber "had accomplished more by her failures than had most others by their successes."[72] | eng | 8cfb8652-92fc-4c09-8ba9-34c90fb928a2 | http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft838nb58v&doc.view=content&chunk.id=d0e5418&toc.depth=1&anchor.id=0 |
Shazam Encore And (Shazam) RED On Sale For The Holidays
Shazam Entertainment caused quite a stir when they announced that they would be crippling the free version of their popular music identifying app in order to make room for a more full-featured paid version, but no matter where you stand on that issue, you have to appreciate the fact that both paid versions of Shazam are once again priced lower than the competing Midomi SoundHound by $2.00 just for the holidays.
Shazam Encore contains all of the free version's features, including the ability to share song tags through a variety of services and purchase music directly through iTunes, but it also features a new interface, speed improvements, music recommendations, hot and popular music charts, song lyrics, the ability to search for music by artist, album, or track, a drive and tag mode that makes it easier to discover music while the device is docked, and, of course, unlimited song tagging.
(Shazam) RED is basically the same app as Shazam Encore except for a couple of differences. First off, the app features an entirely red interface instead of Encore's blue, and second, Shazam Entertainment will contribute $1.00 of (Shazam) RED's purchase price to programs that combat HIV and AIDS in Africa.
Both premium Shazam apps are normally priced at $4.99, but for the holidays they will be priced at just $2.99. | eng | fa9723e1-6824-44b2-9d25-5c11c5c97d5b | http://appadvice.com/appnn/2009/12/shazam-encore-and-shazam-red-on-sale-for-the-holidays |
only specific French word I can remember for this occupation/activity is pontier, but it's extremely rare (French definition here). I think in most cases this would be described rather than named like that. A direct translation of your example could be simply:
Il était pontier depuis des années.
but in some specific contexts it might as well be one of these periphrasis:
If I had to make myself clear about it, I'd use gardien de pont or responsable de pont, the former if it's not too incorect with regard to the real job, the latter to be less precise, and less natural, but easy to understand. | eng | bffc06d6-e277-4fdd-9865-2772e7271d6d | http://french.stackexchange.com/questions/2874/the-name-of-a-person-who-controls-a-bridge |
Good Intentions lyrics
Hot Rod Circuit Good Intentions lyrics
I see you with your book of good intentions that you haven't read
With your fear of confrontation
That's all in your head
Sorry that you so damn down
You said that you felt like you had been dealt a bad hand
You did exactly what they told you in the end
Id take you back under one condition
This is just a test
Overwhelming pressure pounding on mychest
Sorry that it's not my style
You said that you felt like you had been dealt a bad hand
You did exactly what they told you in the end
Why should I try when my back is against the wall.
Why should I try when my back is against the wall.
You said that you fwhy should I try when my back is against the wall.
You did exactly what they told you in the end | eng | 131692af-1fb2-4d55-93cc-51e41299b584 | http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/h/hot_rod_circuit/good_intentions.html |
...More
Description: There make those really nasty "Gangland Cream Pies"! It's gonna get messy! ...Less | eng | ae461156-13c9-4a6d-b250-94f37eba0d74 | http://vod.pornotube.com/dispatcher/movieDetail?movieId=93947&theaterId=37458&genreId=101&locale=en |
Nicki Minaj's Boo Caught Cheating?
Rumors are spreading that Nicki Minaj's boo Safaree Samuels aka SB might have cheated on her with a porn star. He attended a friend's party in LA and was said to be trying to hook up with a few girls that were there. The women at the party recognized SB once he walked through the doors and knew he was Nicki Minaj's boyfriend. For that reason they turned him down on his sexual requests. But one girl named Beauty Dior, who is a porn star, agreed to give him oral sex but he had to pay her, yes, something like a prostitute! SB denied this story by tweeting, "Jus found out a tabloid is trying to print a negative false story about me dis week Dnt yall got more famous ppl to to worry about???" Even though SB denies all of this happening, what do you think? Why pay for it when you have a rich chick? LOL! | eng | dcf25430-34a2-431a-82a7-84822c35a9a0 | http://www.power99.com/pages/cappuchino.html?article=10750914 |
This study provides detailed qualitative and quantitative information, analysis, and forecasts that help to answer the following key questions:
What are the defining characteristics of the South African EAS market?
What is the current size of the EAS market in South Africa, and what is the forecast potential of the market?
What is current spending on EAS software in South Africa in the various vertical markets and end-user segments?
Who are the leading players in the EAS market in South Africa, and how are they positioning themselves to capitalize on market potential?
Which industries are investing in EAS solutions, and how will future spending patterns affect market development?
What are the defining characteristics of the EAS installed base in South Africa in terms of vertical markets and end-user market segments?
How will the political and economic conditions specific to South Africa affect the market?
"In 2010, there was a rebound in EAS spending in South Africa, following the freeze in IT budgets caused by the recession. Hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup provided a significant boost to the South African economy, and investments made for the event served as a catalyst for longer-term investments that will continue to contribute to economic growth. However, EAS spending in the still-recovering market is conservative, with a focus on greater transparency and business efficiency. As a result of continued price pressures and the need to improve operational efficiency, EAS vendors should focus on high-growth business analytics applications, while educating clients on alternate software delivery modes." - Research Analyst Suzanne Nolan, IDC CEMA | eng | 3c774494-c971-4db0-9f95-2d834d14a6b2 | http://www.marketresearch.com/IDC-v2477/South-Africa-Enterprise-Application-Software-6789581/ |
A young woman named M is a human who works at a hospital. One day, her boss asks her to join a very secret project that may be the biggest medical and science breakthrough in the history of the world! The project? Shrink down humans to place inside a body to fight off germs! M is chosen to be shrunk, and when she is, she runs into a deadly virus who changes her life around..
Marina is a 16 year old girl living in America who has no past, no future, and no parents. All she has is her weird personality, her hobbies, her dreams, and her British grandmother. What will happen to her? Will she ever discover who she really is? R&R! | eng | 09d55ffe-44ac-4db5-bbe4-ef993b38c133 | http://www.fanfiction.net/u/3804791/PrincessMarMar |
Why does God allow suffering? Where is God when I'm hurting? For over 30 years, John MacArthur, trusted pastor and teacher, has delivered practical Biblical insights to help Christians grow in their own journey of faith. Why does God allow suffering? Even more perplexing, where is God when people hurt? The Power of Suffering holds the vital answers. MacArthur takes a look at the reality and role of suffering in the life of a believer. He offers listeners a profound message of hope, encouragement, and peace. | eng | efc1f8dc-ccd3-44d0-bb01-07b6c60ae356 | http://www.c28.com/products/books-power-of-suffering-library-edition-240222/ |
Visit small rural villages, ride elephants, shop in market bazaars,
hunt for tigers on a jeep safari and visit the newest wonder of
the world - the Taj Mahal - on this 12-day family adventure to
a country so rich in history and culture!
• Old Delhi Tour
• Painted havelis of Shekhawati
• camel ride
• Guided Amber Palace Fort tour and elephant
ride
• Cycle rickshaw tour of Jaipur
• Ranthambore National Park
• Orchha Palace Complex and evening puja
• Taj Mahal and Baby Taj
• Guided tour of Red Fort
• Entrance and guide at Fatehpur Sikri
Day 1 Arrive Delhi
Arrive in Delhi at any time.
Day 2 Delhi
We dive into the heart of India's capital to explore both Old
and New Delhi. Visit Delhi's famous Jama Masjid and count the
steps to the top of the minaret for a great view over the old
city. Walk through Chandni Chowk, one of India's oldest and busiest
markets, and learn the some of the history of the Sikh religion
at the Gurduwara. In the afternoon, discover the sites of New
Delhi. (B)
Days 3-4 Shekhawati Region
Situated along the old caravan trade route, the Shekhawati region,
named after its 15th century ruler Rao Shekha, resembles an open-air
museum. With forts, temples and brightly painted havelis (merchant
houses), you'll enjoy learning about history in this area! (B
both days, D on day 3)
Day 5 Jaipur
Travel to the Pink City of Jaipur. Visit India's second most viewed
site, the Hawa Mahal, or Palace of the Winds. Follow in the footsteps
of the royal harem and ride an elephant to the Amber Fort Palace,
which sits atop a rocky hill, or sing and dance up a storm when
you go see a Bollywood film at the art deco Raj Mandir cinema.
(B)
Day 6 Tonk
Tonk is a colorful small rural Rajastan town. With its mixture
of Muslim and old Rajput buildings, it is a lovely place to visit.
Famous for its leather and felt industry, you are sure to pick
up plenty of good bargains from the local markets. (BD)
Day 7 Ranthambore National Park
We go on safari into Ranthambore National Park, which is one of
the original Project Tiger Reserves, and look for deer, birds,
monkeys and, of course, tigers. With lakes, scrublands and ruined
palaces, this park is a fascinating area to visit. (BD)
Days 8-9 Orchha
Visit the picturesque town of Orchha located on the banks of the
Betwa River. Explore some of the many temples and palaces spread
along the river and surrounding countryside, including the town's
imposing 17th century fort, Chaturbhuj temple built on a vast
platform of stone, and the numerous cenotaphs that dot the landscape.
(B both days)
Day 10 Agra
Travel to Agra, visiting Fatehpur Sikri, the now deserted former
capital of the Mughals. In Agra, ride on one of the ubiquitous
cycle rickshaws to visit the Red Fort and Baby Taj. (B)
Day 11 Delhi
Before returning to Delhi for one final opportunity to shop, explore
or take more photographs, we visit the site of India's most famous
landmark, the Taj Mahal. Waking up well before sunrise to get
the best light, we enter this white marble testament to love.
(B) | eng | 0f0ce039-9468-4ee6-9241-996d2ddad517 | http://iiitechnologies.com/india-tour-packages/india-family-vacation-tour.html |
When we relocate I will build another wood fired kiln - the Greystoke kiln had over 70 firings and was the easiest kiln I have fired. Making cone 9 1280 deg.C. in 10 - 12 hours. Most firings were exactly 10.5 - really consistent. | eng | 145da14e-031f-4e10-bd8a-3456cb929228 | http://www.greystokegillpottery.co.uk/html/wood_fired_kiln.html |
The Officiant by Holly Lefevre
Finding just the right person to marry you is a crucial decision. The type of service and the way it is performed can make the ceremony that much more meaningful. If you regularly attend a house of worship or plan to marry in a house of worship, your first inquiry should be there. If you are marrying elsewhere, you have many options for finding just the right officiant to perform your service.
Finding an Officiant
If I am not marrying in a house of worship, how do I find an officiant? You can find an officiant who will marry you in the location of your choosing quite easily. Just as when you look to hire other vendors, consult friends, a wedding planner, the Internet, or a local bridal magazine/guide for leads on officiants.
If you attend a house of worship, you can ask that officiant if he will perform the ceremony elsewhere; he may or may not, depending on religious requirements.
Working with an Officiant
How much do I pay or tip my officiant? If you are marrying in a house of worship, there is typically a donation involved and other set fees for services, such as those of the venue coordinator, musicians, and other personnel related to the venue. If you are hiring an officiant, the fees will vary based on a number of factors, including location and type of service.
Questions to Ask the Officiant
How do I know if I am hiring the right officiant? Ask the officiant some important questions to determine if this person is right for your wedding.
Is premarital counseling required?
How do you charge for your services? Do you require a deposit to hold the date?
Do you have sample ceremonies we can work from?
How much personalization is allowed in the ceremony?
May we write our own vows?
What restrictions are there on photography or videography during the ceremony?
How long do your ceremonies typically last?
Are readings or solos allowed?
Will participation from another clergy be allowed?
What is your attire on the wedding day?
Are there any other rules we should know about?
Are you available for the rehearsal? If so, will you assist in conducting the rehearsal?
What is the cost for the use of the facility? Does this include the coordinator?
What is available to use in terms of aisle runners, altar/pew decorations, and musical talent?
What is the policy for bringing in our own musicians?
Will a receiving line be allowed at the facility?
Are there other events scheduled for that day? If so, how much time will we have for setting up and decorating?
Essential
If you are marrying at a house of worship, you will most likely be working with the site coordinator. This person, often a volunteer, has typically overseen numerous weddings and events at her particular location and knows it inside and out. She should be able to answer your questions and concerns and provide you with guidance. | eng | 0eb9e9ae-22a1-42bd-b547-9054578aae3a | http://www.netplaces.com/wedding-etiquette/getting-to-i-do/the-officiant.htm |
Many people new to Linux often ask, ``why should I build my own kernel''.
Given the advances that have been made in the use of kernel modules, the
most accurate response to that question is, ``unless you know why you need
to build your own kernel, you probably don't''. So unless you have a
specific reason to build a customized kernel (or you're just the curious
sort), you may skip ahead to Section 11.7.
It is important to begin a kernel build with the source tree in a known
condition. Therefore, it is recommended that you begin with the
command make mrproper. This will remove any configuration files
along with the remains of any previous builds that may be scattered
around the source tree. Now you must create a configuration file that
will determine which components to include in your new kernel.
Depending upon your hardware and personal preferences there are three
methods available to configure the kernel.
make config An interactive text program. Components are
presented and you answer with Y (yes), N (no), or M
(module).
make menuconfig A graphic, menu driven program. Components
are presented in a menu of categories, you select the desired components
in the same manner used in the Red Hat Linux installation program.
Toggle the tag corresponding to the item you want included; Y (yes),
N (no), or M (module).
make xconfig An X Windows program. Components are listed
in different levels of menus, components are selected using a mouse.
Again, select Y (yes), N (no), or M (module).
Please Note: In order to use kerneld (see Section 8.2.2
for details) and kernel modules you must answer Yes to
kerneld support and module version
(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) support in the configuration.
Please Note: If you are building a Linux/Intel kernel on (or for) a
machine that uses a ``clone'' processor (for example, one made by Cyrix
or AMD), it is recommended to choose a Processor type of
386.
In order to provide a redundant boot source to protect from a possible
error in a new kernel you should keep the original kernel available.
Adding a kernel to the LILO menu is as simple as renaming the original
kernel in /boot, copying the new kernel to /boot, adding a
few lines in /etc/lilo.conf and running /sbin/lilo. Here
is an example of the default /etc/lilo.conf file shipped with
Red Hat Linux:
Now you must update /etc/lilo.conf. If you built a new initrd
image you must tell LILO to use it. In this example of
/etc/lilo.conf we have added four lines at the bottom of the file
to indicate another kernel to boot from. We have renamed
/boot/vmlinuz to /boot/vmlinuz.old and changed its label to old. We have also
added an initrd line for the new kernel: | eng | 62fcd802-00d4-49c8-b793-b08e3f96db4b | http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/doc/redhat/redhat5.2/5.2install-guide-dos/manual/doc080.htm |
"The federal Clean Water Act requires the E.P.A. to update water-quality criteria to reflect the latest scientific knowledge," the group said in a news release. "Since the agency developed the pH standard back in 1976, an extensive body of research has developed on the impacts of carbon dioxide on the oceans | eng | f6d15914-c056-4554-a742-472d71a5478e | http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/water-laws-may-be-used-to-fight-warming/ |
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April is Autism Awareness Month
Did you know that 1 in 88 American children are living with autism but many people still do not understand what having autism really means?
Autism is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors.
Depending on the severity of the autism and the type of behavior being exhibited, it can be difficult for students with autism to learn in a social environment, like a brick and mortar classroom, so attending school online can really help them thrive.
Generally, the word disorder tends to have negative implications; however, what is found in autistic children is that they excel in particular subject areas like music, math, or art.
Did you know Albert Einstein was autistic? As a child he was considered a loner and obsessively repeated sentences until he was about 7 years old. As we all know, he won a Nobel Peace Prize for Physics when he was 42.
Einstein was just one of many famous historical figures who today, would be considered autistic, including artists Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, scientist Sir Isaac Newton, and musicians Ludwig van Beethoven and Mozart. The list goes on and on…
There are even more people with autism out there, not considered famous, but making really important contributions to the world as well. Temple Grandin is a professor of Animal Science at Colorado State University and has written several books about both about both autism and animals. You may have seen the HBO movie "Templin Grandin" based on her life, including the struggles of not being able to talk until she was three-and-a-half years old to revolutionizing the practices for the humane handling of livestock on cattle ranches. Temple can also be found sharing her experience with autism as a public speaker.
Educating yourself about autism is just the beginning. There are tons of charities and fundraisers out there doing great work by bringing awareness and offering support to families living with autism.
Watch the 'Temple Grandin' HBO movie, look for more in-depth information about Autism on the web, partake in one of the 30 Days of Action on Pinterest, walk for Autism Speaks™, attend an Autism Speaks™ event in your area, or ask a family living with autism about their experience. The more we know, the more understanding we can become. | eng | 3b2e768b-6437-4d52-86de-6bb063961a9c | http://blog.k12.com/2012/04/24/april-autism-awareness-month |
Om megI live in the north of England and I got myself a degree in sociology, which you will notice has had an impact on my bookshelf. My main area is in sexuality, so I often have more "exotic" books on the go. Why study something boring, hmm? I try to keep my reading taste really varied and often rely on recommendations from friends so I don't get stuck in a rut, though it has to be said, I often have to turn these down in favour of massive stacks of books picked up cheap from charity shops! | eng | 30c6470a-af47-43d8-b4d5-f764b2a1c8c9 | http://no.librarything.com/profile/BeeQuiet |
MovNat Workouts, Exercises & Training
MovNat® is both a physical education system and an activity that places at its core the full range of real-world, natural human movement skills – walking, running, balancing, jumping, crawling, climbing, swimming, lifting, carrying, throwing, catching, and self-defense. MovNat exercises and workouts are for everyone regardless of age, size, athletic ability, or health.
MovNat training aims to teach effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability so that you can respond to demands placed upon you by the environment and the situation you're faced with in life, every day or in an emergency. It's physical competence for practical performance.
Learn how to move naturally with ease, power and grace and become very fit through the practice of MovNat!
I have written several times about how MovNat can benefit your entire life – your health, fitness, and overall nervous system. I am also a MovNat Certified Trainer | eng | fb7f04f0-b32a-4909-8c42-a34fe8abc3a1 | http://sock-doc.com/movnat/ |
Alert Moderator
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Have you wondered why the public don't like Gillard? She hasn't even met most of them. Seriously, what has she actually done to them? Australia is the envy of the world and the public don't like Gillard. Why? Vast amounts of legislation passed, but the public don't like her. Why? Low unemployment, but the public don't like her. Why? Low interest rates, but the public don't like her. Why?
By what criteria is she not the best PM ever?
The media tell us not to like her. They tell us that only Gillard has inter-party squabbles. They tell us that only Gillard can't implement policy perfectly. They tell us that only Gillard is unpopular. They tell us that only Gillard lies.
No matter what the media says, Gillard was at the helm when Australia went through the GFC. And unlike so many other countries, we're fine. If the media aren't giving credit where it's due, they're biased. QED. | eng | 97a12ec5-f34a-4661-9ded-65fdfa216c78 | http://www2b.abc.net.au/tmb/View/AlertModerator.aspx?b=94&m=1102368&tpa=&r=%2Ftmb%2FView%2FMessage.aspx%3Fb%3D94%26t%3D5808%26a%3D0%26ps%3D50%26tpa%3D%26uto%3D1%26dm%3D4%26ci%3D0%26pd%3D1%26so%3DDateTime%26soa%3DFalse%26p%3D1%26p2%3D0 |
Sailing To Victory With A Needle And Thread
Ted Hood, whose 'Robin' took Class A in a race around Florida, is one skipper who makes his own sails and builds his own boats
Although Hood has designed many offshore racers and sailed them as well, his heart is really in round-the-buoys racing—the short events that can be completed in a single afternoon. "In ocean racing, the element of luck is too great," he says. "In the long-distance races you put all your eggs in one basket. Take the transatlantic race, for instance. You spend three weeks at it, then if something goes wrong the whole three weeks are shot. In round-the-buoys racing you spread the risks over a whole series. If you break down in one race, you make it up in another. Besides," he adds, looking at the matter from the point of view of a technician, "I think you learn more about boat speeds in round-the-buoys racing."
As Hood's newest Robin flew south in last week's race, there were no buoys in sight and no reliable index to her speed relative to the other boats other than the instinct of her skipper. But that instinct, as always, was sound. Given radar and other searching devices, the mark at Rebecca Shoals would not be hard to find, but radar is illegal in ocean racing and, like all the other boats, Robin had to rely on her navigator (ocean-racing veteran Junius Beebe who doubled as cook and watch captain) to find the way.
As the distance shrank, everyone searched the sea for the elusive but vital mark. There were boats two miles on one side of Robin, boats two miles on the other, and with Robin in the middle the speculation was that either one of the groups might have already spotted the mark and were sailing for it. For the first time in the race, Hood looked anxious. If Robin were wide of Rebecca Shoals, it would mean precious minutes lost and, with them, the race. But the navigation was all but perfect. Robin was right, the other boats wrong. The spinnaker thrashed down, the genoa up, as Robin turned the spidery steel marker and headed northward into the wind, bucking and pounding in the short, steep seas.
In the evening Robin passed a white-hulled sloop whose crew was huddled on her weather rail, using their combined weight to help reduce her angle of heel and thereby give her more power. Every wave that the boat sliced into threw arcs of spray over the crew, and one of Robin's hands, peering through the murk, observed smugly, "Look at those guys over there on her rail."
Hood laughed too, but pointedly. "Well," he said, "what are you waiting for?" And soon two of Robin'? crew were camped on her rail, as bedraggled as their rivals.
Early on Monday morning the wind switched. The big boats in the vanguard, Robin included, now were overtaken by little boats which, because they were smaller and slower, had rounded the mark just in time to take advantage of the wind shift. They were simply blown up on the bigger, less fortunate, leaders.
Hood, although he guessed what might be happening, strolled about his boat, fussing with the centerboard (Robin has a trick centerboard that not only goes up and down but, by mighty pushing and pulling on a winch handle, moves backward and forward, too), trimming the mainsail and winching in impossible inches on the genoa sheet all by himself.
On Monday afternoon in the middle of the strong, flowing, tepid Gulf Stream, the favorable wind that had been filling the spinnaker since morning faded. A fear began to grow aboard Robin that the wind would die altogether before she could reach the finish line ahead of the little boats. But the breeze kept whispering and, as the lights of Miami Beach came on. the end, at least for Robin, was a short 20 miles away.
A mile from the finish Jamel was a hundred yards ahead of Robin and silhouetted by the lights of Fort Lauderdale. She posed little threat since her handicap would place her far back in the race, but watching her made it obvious that a jibe was necessary if Robin was to fetch the line quickly. Jibing a big boat is a tricky job in daylight. At night it is a truly hairy maneuver, and for the first time voices were raised in earnest on Robin. "Let the sheet come forward," yelled a voice in the night. Then another voice joined in, then another. Another voice howled that the sheet had been let go. In a case like this usually the loudest complaints come from the skipper. Not aboard Robin. From Ted Hood came nothing but stoic silence, and the mess was cleared up all the quicker.
The finish line safely crossed, Robin powered slowly into the neon-lit canals of Fort Lauderdale. There, for the first time, her crew and her skipper learned that they stood where Ted Hood often stands in racing circles—at the head of his class. | eng | 20e87d97-200d-4cdd-a31a-3f12b6b445b4 | http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1075621/2/index.htm |
Oraline - SalivaConfirm Test
Information: In drug analysis, oral fluid drug screening has certain advantages over the screening of other biological fluids such as urine and blood. Oral fluid is readily accessible, and is less likely to be adu...
more | eng | 90f699ca-0ae4-4fd8-a31e-6d7fcb9bbc67 | http://2ols.com/item_9982_458349411-Oraline-SalivaConfirm-Test.htm |
5 month old mini horse colt, mother is a 32′bay and father is 28′ chocolate and white, the picture is when he was a day old, may trade for a different colt or stud, i dont want to take a chance on him breeding his mother or i would keep him, also may trade for guns, wire welder, etc send any questions or trade offers to 865—-209—-3912
very common ad actually.
I see it all the time. Or someone wants to trade an old horse for a young horse or a cow.
If you can't feed one, what makes you think you can feed another?
People…they never cease to amaze me. | eng | 1fa356a5-61b1-4441-8b06-702ca9da8d62 | http://www.horsenation.com/2012/08/23/hn-classifieds-adorable-miniature-horse-colt-may-trade-for-guns-wire-welder-etc/ |
Aransas National Wildlife Refuge
Short-eared Owl
Texas Aransas National Wildlife Refuge encompasses 110,000 acres of grasslands and prairies along the southern Gulf Coast of Texas. Each year, millions of birds representing nearly 400 species funnel through this area at the base of the Mississippi Flyway.
The Invaders The highly invasive Chinese tallow tree shades out native grasses and transforms grasslands, prairies and brushlands into tallow woodlands. The tallow trees grow virtually anywhere there is moisture in the ground, including dikes, the edges of impoundments, and fields. Chinese tallow has infested about 55,000 acres on Aransas Refuge, rendering half of the refuge unusable for a range of bird species, including many declining grassland birds.
Threat to Birds Short-eared Owls are declining due to the loss of open grassland habitat from agriculture, grazing, housing development, and the reforestation of grasslands following the abandonment of farming. Short-eared Owls require open grasslands for hunting prey. At Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Chinese tallow woodlands are destroying the open grasslands the imperiled owls need to survive | eng | 481b46cf-4e01-467e-add7-3dbea6009473 | http://policy.audubon.org/aransas-national-wildlife-refuge |
anatomy can you find diagrams of the bones or human skeleton on google or something that i could fill in?
anatomy is there a good way to memorize the bones of the body? I have to know names, location, and what they look like.
Calculus I need some help understanding this limit formula, could someone please explain how to solve for f(x)=x^2+1 using this formula: (f(x+Δx)-f(x))/(Δx)
Grammar i am wanting to make sure this is correct. the complete subject and the simple subjects of the following. The two-and-a-half-month-old child received 2nd degree burns across the bridge of his nose. Complete: The two-and-a-half-month-old child simple is child? It was suggested ...
CHEM How many grams of water and iron must react to produce 543 g of iron oxide, Fe3O4? 3Fe + 4H2O---> Fe3O4 + 4H2
Chemistry I think for the second one I need to to figure out how much the hydrate weighs by itself without the crucible then figure out how much weight the anhydrous salt lost during heating but I am not sure. For the first question I don't know how to figure it out without knowing ...
Chemistry What percent by mass does the water constitute in Na2SO4*10H2O? Determine the formula for the hydrate of cobalt (II) acetate from the following data. Mass of crucible and lid= 28.945g Mass of crucible, lid, and hydrate= 29.986g Mass of crucuble, lid, and anhydrous salt= 29.677...
chemistry Does the 15mL in the equation you gave me represent the total volume?
chemistry The fifth standard solution to be made and analyzed consiss of 10 mL of the 10ppm Fe3+ stock solution along with a total of 5 mL from the other solutions. What is the concentration of this diluted solution?
College microeconomics Opportunity cost for Michelle: 500 lbs of Potatoes per year 50 chickens per year Solve using line by line calculations Opportunity cost for James: 80 lbs of Potatoes per year 40 Chickens per year Solve using line by line calculations Who has absolute advantage in which activit... | eng | ee41929c-f274-416b-b2f4-f69b13cef146 | http://www.jiskha.com/members/profile/posts.cgi?name=Christian&page=17 |
Step 9 The Puppet Warp (Edit > Puppet Warp) can precisely reposition or warp any image element. To edit images in Puppet Warp, convert the image to a Smart Object before applying. Click on the mesh to add pins. To delete them, simply right-click on the pin and select Delete Pin or hold Alt and click on them. Experiment with the mesh's Expansion values and the Mode adjustment to get different results.
Step 10 Puppet Warp also allows you to rotate or change the depth of a pin. Move the cursor to a pin, press Alt and then move the cursor away from it to rotate it. To change the depth, use the shortcut keys [ and ].
Step 11 Now place all your completed objects onto the existing artwork. Use Levels (Cmd/Ctrl + L) and Hue/Saturation (Cmd/Ctrl + U) to adjust the lighting, shadow and colour of all the individual elements to make them blend as a whole. | eng | fed156b8-05c3-466a-925f-a83e70234708 | http://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/tutorials/photoshop/create-stunning-pin-up-collage/?pn=4 |
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Avoiding Plagiarism
Presented by the Writing Center and the Committee on Academic
Integrity
According to the Student Handbook, "Academic cheating
includes (but is not limited to) the following: falsification of
laboratory data, bringing unauthorized material to an examination
seat, copying another student's work on an examination, misrepresenting
someone else's work as one's own (including borrowing
or purchasing term papers), and plagiarism" (20).
At USciences, as in all institutions of higher learning, ideas are highly
valued, and so is the language that expresses those ideas. In both
a legal and moral sense, words and ideas are the property of
their authors. Plagiarism is the theft of that property. When
you plagiarize, you are presenting someone else's words
and/or ideas as if they are your own. This situation applies
to all printed material as well as to words and ideas found through
electronic sources.
Plagiarism may be intentional or unintentional. In either case,
the penalty for plagiarism can be severe, including failure of the
assignment, failure in the course, and/or expulsion from the institution.
While the various disciplines differ in the specific formats that
they use to cite sources, they share a commitment to academic integrity
and to the requirement that students use source material correctly.
If you have questions about avoiding plagiarism in an assignment
for a specific course, ask your professor. You can get assistance
with correct documentation at the Writing Center.
COMMON KNOWLEDGE
In general, you are expected to show the source of all information
(including facts, statistics, opinions, theories, lines of argument,
examples, research results, etc.) except common knowledge.
The definition of "common knowledge" may vary according
to the expertise of the writer and reader; however, information
may be considered to be common knowledge if it meets one of the
following requirements:
It is repeated in many sources.
It would be known by an ordinary educated person who had not
researched the subject.
For example, the date (December 7, 1941) of the Japanese attack
on Pearl Harbor is common knowledge; no source would be given for
this information. However, a specific historian's opinion
that the U.S. military should have been better prepared for the
attack would not be considered common knowledge, and a source should
be given for this view.
PARAPHRASE
Putting someone else's ideas in your own words is paraphrasing.
Usually, a paraphrase is about the same length as the original.
Careless paraphrasing can lead to plagiarism. When you paraphrase,
paraphrase completely. This means:
Don't use the original sentence structure.
Don't simply substitute a few words here and there.
Avoid using any of the author's key words or unusual words.
Disciplines vary in the amount of the original language that you
are permitted to use without quotation; check with your professor.
In any case, if it is difficult or impossible to paraphrase certain
language, then quote it exactly, and use quotation marks.
A good paraphrase takes work. An effective method is to read the
original sentence, think about its meaning, look away from
the original, write the idea in your own words, and then check
your version against the original to be sure that you have not
accidentally used too much of the original language.
Here are examples of acceptable and unacceptable paraphrases:
Original Version
The craft of hurricane forecasting
advanced rapidly in the sixties and early seventies, thanks
to fast computers and new atmospheric modeling techniques.
Now there is a lull in the progress, strangely parallel
to the lull in the storm cycle. The National Hurricane Warning
Center shoots for a 24-hour warning period, with 12 daylight
hours for evacuation. At that remove, it can usually predict
landfall within 100 miles either way. Longer lead times
mean much larger landfall error, and that is counterproductive.
He who misses his predictions cries wolf.
Hurricane forecasting made rapid
progress in the 60s and 70s due to fast computers
and new atmospheric techniques, but there
is now a lull in the progress. The Warning Center
tries for a 24-hour warning period, including
12 hours of daylight. That close to the storm's arrival,
the Warning Center can usually predict landfall within
100 miles either way. If lead times are longer, there
will be a much larger error, which will be
counter-productive (MacLeish 54).
Explanation:
Many phrases are stolen from the original. Leaving out or changing
a word here and there (for example, much larger landfall
error has become much larger error) is
not acceptable. Also, the plagiarized version duplicates the sentence
structure of the original, which is not permitted. Even though the
author (MacLeish) is supplied, the paraphrase is unacceptable.
Acceptable Paraphrase
During the past thirty years, powerful computers
and new techniques which allow modeling of the atmosphere have
significantly increased the accuracy of hurricane forecasting,
though there have been no improvements in forecasting during
the past few years. However, now it is possible to predict where
a hurricane will hit land with an error of not more than 100
miles if a warning of 24 hours is allowed. If more than 24 hours
is required, the error will be greater. Repeated forecasting
errors will cause the public to ignore the warnings (MacLeish
54).
Explanation:
This version uses different language and sentence structure from
that of the original. Note: Even when your paraphrase is
acceptable, you must show the source of the ideas. Putting ideas
into your own words does not make those ideas your own. They
are still the property of their originator, who must be given credit.
The reference to MacLeish provides that credit.
SUMMARY
A summary briefly conveys in your own words the main idea
of a passage. Like paraphrasing, careless summarizing can lead to
plagiarism. The same rules apply as in paraphrasing: use your own
language and sentence structure, and give credit to the originator
of the ideas. Here are examples of acceptable and unacceptable summaries
of the MacLeish passage given above:
Unacceptable Summary
(Plagiarized passages are in bold type.)
Hurricane warnings can be provided within a 24-hour
warning period, with 12 hours of daylight for evacuation,
and can identify landfall within 100 miles
(MacLeish 54).
Acceptable Summary
Using computers
and new techniques which allow modeling of the atmosphere, forecasters
can now provide a 24-hour hurricane warning and predict where
a storm will hit with an error of not more than 100 miles (MacLeish
54).
The chemical behavior of carbon makes it exceptionally versatile
as a building block in molecular architecture. It can form
four covalent bonds, link together into intricate molecular
skeletons, and join with several other elements. The versatility
of carbon makes possible the great diversity of organized
molecules, each with special properties that emerge from the
unique arrangement of its carbon skeleton and the functional
groups appended to that skeleton. At the foundation of all
biological diversity lies this variation at the molecular
level (Campbell 61).
Acceptable Summary
Biological diversity has its molecular basis in carbon's
ability to form an incredible array of molecules with characteristic
shapes and chemical properties (Campbell 62).
(This summary appears in the study outline of Chapter 4.)
COMBINING PARAPHRASE AND/OR SUMMARY WITH QUOTATION
When you want to include some of the original language of the source,
you may combine paraphrase and/or summary with quotation. Here is
an example of an acceptable summary which includes a quotation from
the original version presented above:
The public depends on accurate, timely hurricane
forecasting. When the forecasts are repeatedly wrong, the public
will stop believing them: "He who misses his predictions
cries wolf" (MacLeish 54).
COLLABORATION AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The purpose of most student assignments is to stimulate you to
do your own thinking. Thus, the written work you submit as your
own must be your own; otherwise, you are risking plagiarism.
Although discussion of assignments with other students may be beneficial,
you should never use the work--papers, notes, etc.--of another
student. The ideas, wording, and organization of your assignment
should always be distinctly your own.
Sometimes a professor will allow or encourage collaboration in
completing an assignment. If you are not sure whether you may work
with others, it is your responsibility to check with your professor.
When a professor requires a group to collaborate on an assignment
and to submit a single product for the entire group, fairness requires
that you take the responsibility of contributing your share of the
work.
Collaboration does not always result in a group producing a single
product. Instead, a professor may assign students to work in groups
to explore ideas or to work through a process, after which each
student may have to produce his or her own product--a written assignment.
In such a case, it is critical that students do not share
drafts of their written work.
USING ELECTRONIC SOURCES
The most important point to remember is that the rules
for printed sources also apply to material found through Internet
searches, electronic discussion groups, online databases, and other
electronic sources. Missing citations and/or failure
to use quotation marks when they are necessary constitute plagiarism.
Be careful to resist the temptation to simply cut and paste into
your paper material that you find on the web.
Each discipline has developed its own guidelines for the specific
method of documentation of electronic sources. In general, though,
more bibliographic information is included for an electronic source
than for a printed source because it may be harder to find the electronic
source after some time has passed. In fact, private sources, such
as email and electronic bulletin boards, may be impossible for anyone
else to locate, and therefore they are documented as personal communications.
If you find an electronic version of a printed journal or index,
you should cite the printed version because the reader may be unable
to access the same electronic source that you did.
You should evaluate the reliability and accuracy of all
sources, but because much of the material on the web has not been
screened by an objective viewer, you should be especially careful
to evaluate electronic sources. You may find inaccurate information
and biased opinions. Check on when the site was created or last
updated; for science and health-related topics, recent information
is likely to be essential. Find out about the qualifications and
motivations of the writer or sponsoring organization. The validity
of your paper will depend on the quality of your sources; don't
assume that whatever you find is equally valid.
Explanations and examples in this handout have been adapted
from the following: | eng | be3b5e27-3ec6-4610-9f79-948f21d0de56 | http://www.usciences.edu/writing/plagrsm.shtml |
CDC: More Kids with Food Allergies
The Centers for Disease Control released data this week showing that four out of every 100 children have a food allergy. That's an 18% increase over the past ten years — a significant increase, according to the CDC.
What's causing this ongoing rash of allergies? Nobody knows for sure. Theories abound, however, everything from we're not eating right to we're too clean — or too dirty.
Whatever the reason, it's clear that supermarkets need to get serious about addressing food allergies, if they haven't already. This means, of course, stocking plenty of allergen-free products, perhaps even creating a store-within-a-store concept, depending on the area. Even more than that, retailers need to make sure their labeling and marketing programs go the extra mile. Take the time, for example, to draw up ingredients lists for foodservice items like salad bar and hot plate lines. I'm allergic to peanuts and shellfish, and the only supermarket in the city I've found that does this is Whole Foods. I eat there at least twice a week.
On the manufacturing side, companies are rolling out more and more products made in dedicated facilities. But perhaps there aren't enough, given the increasing demand. One industry observer who recently sent along her impressions from last week's Natural Products Expo East noted that the show was lacking in allergy "free" products.
For allergy sufferers, nothing is more comforting than transparency. Given how many of us there are — more than 5 million — this shouldn't be too much to ask for. | eng | 72343965-51e2-4243-a7fc-c82bb050ccd2 | http://supermarketnews.com/print/blog/cdc-more-kids-food-allergies?group_id=15782 |
chris3dog
I agree with the previous comments, but you know, it hasn't been that long ago that many customers who wanted to cash a personal check at K-Mart, were subjected to even more indignities. I remember having to pee in a jar and allow blood to be drawn whenever I wanted to cash a check in excess of $50.00.
We're moving in the right direction, be it ever so slowly.
Oh how I miss the robber barons of old! How would the Railroads gotten so big if the government didn't allow for confiscation of private property? Wasn't that considered a "government subsidy"?
I also miss the six day work week, monopolies, children toiling away in underground coal mines, company towns, etc.
Remember Steve, it was our government that brought you the Internet. Be careful of what you wish, and please stop romanticizing history and the robber barons.
jabase, My sentiments exactly. I've never fired a shot in anger at any citizen of any foreign country. But somehow the bureaucrats want ME to cough up ridiculously high taxes to pay for weapons I'm pretty sure I'll never need. On top of that,...someone's been eating my porridge!
theseif, Look at it this way, the Republicans resisted gambling and any tax breaks derived from such immorality. In essence, they were offering taxpayers nothing, only a poke in the eye with a sharp stick.
On the other hand, Gov. Rendell was perhaps too optimistic in his estimate of tax refunds related to gambling. At the end of the day, would you be happier with a smaller refund, or .......a poke in the eye with a sharp stick?
Those same folks who claim the NAACP is outdated also believe labor unions, the Better Business Bureau, NRC, Department of Education, Roe V Wade, Miranda rights, Social Security, Medicare, SPCA, Healthcare reform, financial reform, Clean Water Act, etc. ad nauseum, are also outdated. These folks need to wake up and smell the roses. Wearing little tri-cornered hats and waving flags is only a display of their ignorance and naiveté.
It's time to boycott Pennsylvania Dutch and Katherine Beecher candies. Why should we stand by and allow them to offshore their production facilities without the expense and risks of moving to a third world country?
Not all rich people get rich people justice. Case in point; Lindsay Lohan is facing cruel and unusual punishment in the Los Angeles County jail. She will have to suffer through long days and nights without cocaine, cigarettes and Twitter, OMG!
Sorgre04 says,......"Once three-fourths of the States ratify this dissolving amendment, the Constitution is essentially null and void. This can be our salvation from the current Congressional and Presidential tyranny".
It is my belief that it would be easier to get President Obama to join the Tea Party movement, than it would be to get three-fourths of the States to ratify such an amendment.
The next big push by the NRA is to have unmanned Predator drones included as legitimate Second amendment weapons. We all understand that society will not be willing to allocate the required tax dollars to incarcerate all the gun toting criminals. Why wait til they're at your front door?
How perceptive of you Tom, as compared to the F.D.R. administration, the Obama administration is a total failure. BP is in fact a common criminal, and has a rap sheet longer than most of your frequent ill-informed missives to these pages.
I think most people commenting today missed the point completely. This was a suicide, assisted by CSX.
The old gentleman did not pull on to the tracks and stop for twenty minutes, trying to read a road map.
I find it curious that the US. Supreme Court has now ruled that guns cannot be banned by the individual states. Oddly though, these individual states can ban certain fireworks on this country's most important day of celebration.
The article points to injuries caused by fireworks, but compared to the number of injuries and deaths caused by guns, I find the outlawing of fireworks to be laughable, and has me wondering out loud at the insanity of it all. | eng | 5cba243d-7884-470c-8ba8-3b7b80d7123e | http://connect.pennlive.com/user/chris3dog/comments-4.html |
I am trying to render two shaded relief DEM one for Ace and the other for CleanTopo so that the render at different scales and other vector layers which are in a postgis database, but when i try to run the following code for the raster and load the xml file it draws nothing, its just blank in QGIS, I am trying to render it through quantum nik< what is it that I am getting wrong as I am a fairly new user.i have defined the srs | eng | 4c37f582-0933-4079-8a9c-f6c1065e5c4b | http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/42160/mapnik2-and-quantum-nik |
Jeff Lenk
added a comment - 16/Feb/12 10:56 PM Im not sure why you closed the bug that mikej agreed to look at. When you do this you are just making it more difficult for people to keep track of what was happening.
In the future just reopen the existing bug.
Richard, can you split this into 2 patches... one that does all the changes to configure.in minus the voicemail changes and one that does just the voicemail changes... that'll make it easier to evaluate everything
I have serious concerns with the voicemail changes as this will break backwards compatibility... however there is nothing that says we cant do that we just need to be able to properly evaluate just that change.
Ken Rice
added a comment - 01/Mar/12 8:18 AM Richard, can you split this into 2 patches... one that does all the changes to configure.in minus the voicemail changes and one that does just the voicemail changes... that'll make it easier to evaluate everything
I have serious concerns with the voicemail changes as this will break backwards compatibility... however there is nothing that says we cant do that we just need to be able to properly evaluate just that change. | eng | 5fe8aa63-d2e4-4bff-8856-59a634967419 | http://jira.freeswitch.org/browse/FS-3900 |
Dealing with Dissatisfaction
What do you do if you're dissatisfied with your cell phone? You find that it endlessly frustrates you. It's constantly interrupting you. It doesn't have the features you want. Quite often, you just want to throw it in a desk drawer and forget about it.
Quite often, in this situation, people will go shopping for a new cell phone. They'll feature-hunt, find one that matches what they think they need, and go out and buy a replacement.
Quite often, though, that's money lost.
Why not step back a little bit more? Do you need a cell phone at all? Or, perhaps, maybe you only need a prepaid phone for emergencies or occasional mobile calls? If you find that the regular ringing of the cell phone is annoying you and you often just ignore it or turn it off, why are you paying for that service and that expensive phone?
What do you do if you're dissatisfied with your television? The screen seems to be starting to go bad. It's not giving you images in HD. It doesn't "wow" you when you go into the room. In fact, you find yourself watching it less and less.
Sometimes, people will head to the store and pick out a nice new flat screen as a replacement in this situation. They'll go home, install it, enjoy it for a while, and then find that it's gathering dust, just like the one before it.
Why not step back? Do you really even need a television at all? Maybe you watch the few television series that you enjoy on your laptop or desktop computer instead – and you get your news there, too. If you're just not using it as much, why are you buying an expensive replacement?
What do you do when you're dissatisfied with your living room decor? The colors have been the same for a while and it's just time for something fresh.
Do you start looking to replace all the furniture in the room? Do you spend your time sitting on that couch flipping through home decor magazines and websites, dreaming of how the room could look better?
Why not step back? Quite often, a room can look fresh and new with just a few simple changes, like a fresh coat of paint or a few alterations in the decorations. After all, repainting the walls and matteing a few photographs to hang on the walls is a lot less expensive than a new living room set.
When you're dissatisfied with something, it's rarely a good idea to just go buy a replacement for it. Stop for a bit and ask yourself why you're dissatisfied. It might be that the item isn't functional, but it might just be that you don't really need that function in your life.
The best solution to dissatisfaction is, in the long run, rarely found in the | eng | 8e8ea31f-2a6a-4fc8-90f1-74535d67f97d | http://www.thesimpledollar.com/2010/02/15/dealing-with-dissatisfaction/ |
Jukes and Kallikaks
The Jukes and the Kallikaks were pseudonyms for two families used as examples during the latter 19th century and early 20th century to argue that there was a genetic disposition toward anti-social behavior or low intelligence. The arguments were used to bolster advocacy of eugenics, or the "scientific" breeding of human beings, by demonstrating that traits deemed socially inferior could be passed down from generation to generation. The Nams were another such family name used in a similar work.
The Jukes family was described by Richard L. Dugdale in 1877 in The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity. A follow-up to Dugdale's work was published by Arthur H. Estabrook of the Eugenics Records Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York in 1916 as The Jukes in 1915. This latter work studied 2,820 persons, including 2,094 descendants of the original six Juke sisters | eng | e95d3328-8237-4347-88e7-9af4415d637e | http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Jukes_and_Kallikaks |
Tim Rezvan Chief Executive Officer Aubrey McClendon has been adding oil fields to his personal holdings faster than he can find cash to drill them. He's steering the company down the same road | eng | 9fcc50e9-416a-4c9a-8553-2daedb606b11 | http://www.futuresmag.com/term/tim-rezvan |
Four travel tips for Botswana
As I was waiting on my colleagues to arrive after driving for what felt like forever I was alone and for the first time since we had entered Botswana the day before I could get it. I could understand why so many South Africans come here to experience the bush and the silence as we don't really know it back home.
The sun was already under but there was still a little bit of light, the horizon was coloured blood red with only thorn trees contributing to the silhouette. It was silent. Silence like I hadn't heard in a long time – the only sound in the air being the cool breeze moving through the branches of the tree above me and a few goats somewhere in the distance. Simply put, it was humbling.
But it took some going to get to this point, just a few kilometres south of Nata, and I felt obliged to share a few travel tips I picked up along the way to help you prepare mentally for your journey north.
1. Don't take your Joburg manners with you
You might think the old lady cleaning the washroom doesn't see you as you walk in but she does and she'll tell you all about it when you leave. "You come in, I'm cleaning, you go p*ss*ng and you don't greet me. You should say hello!" It was like being taught manners by my grandmother, I still feel bad about it.
2. Beware the A1
Before you get to "nice" part of Botswana, for me anyway, you have to travel through miles and miles of nothing but straight and congested roads. The A1 between Gaborone and Francistown is a nightmare on any day. Imagine driving on the road between Johannesburg and Hartbeespoort on a Saturday morning for five hours straight. Now throw in a few suicidal bus drivers, donkeys, cows and goats, people next to the road, police checkpoints every 20km or so and you might have an inkling of what this road is like. If you can avoid this route do so. If not, make sure you do it at the beginning of your journey or your Botswana safari will be long forgotten by the time you re-enter South Africa.
3. Get your Wimpy on
If you're looking for something quick and easy next to the road you're going to struggle to find anything but a Wimpy to remind you of home. If you're not willing to eat pap from a roadside stall prepare for cheese burgers and chips, Cheesegriller breakfasts, Farmhouse breakfasts and weak coffee.
4. It's never too late to go
If you're 60 years old and you've never been, make sure you get yourself there. Botswana, especially northern Botswana, is a magical place. It's filled with beautiful people, breath-taking moments and silence. Beautiful silence. You will come back more relaxed and seeing the world in a different way. | eng | 3ef0452e-ab66-4fb3-9288-669cc168cd51 | http://blog.getaway.co.za/travel-blog/travel-tips-botswana/ |
TC103: Tech Tools and Skills for Emergency Management
August 26, 2013 - September 20, 2013
Facilitated by Nick Martin
Course Description
This four-week online professional development certificate course will explore how new communication and mapping technologies are being used to respond to disasters, create early warning mechanisms, improve coordination efforts and much more. From the earthquake recovery efforts in Haiti and Japan to the monitoring of election violence in countries like Kenya to the recent floods in the Philippines, this course will consider a variety of real world examples from organizations working in the field and analyze some of the key challenges related to access, implementation, scale, and verification that working with new technology presents. The course is designed to assist professionals in developing concrete strategies and technological skills to work amid this rapidly evolving landscape.
Course Topics and Featured Tech
Mapping the Crisis: New Techniques for Disaster Response and Preparedness
Human Rights Violations and Elections Monitoring
The Power of the Crowd: Citizen Journalism in the era of Crowdsourcing
Information Overload: Verification, Analysis, and Decision Making in Real-Time | eng | 999c7a4c-5c08-4afc-b831-d2953ac85ee7 | http://techchange.org/online-courses/tech-tools-and-skills-for-emergency-management/ |
1. First impression: This person makes a lot of sexual jokes.. 2. Truth is: Once a person comes into the chat, you do your best to know the person and find that certain thing they like which tend to be what you give them 3. How old do you look: 18-19 4. Have you ever made me laugh: Yes. You crack a lot of jokes ok? 5. Have you ever made me mad: ..Yes. 6. Best feature: Being welcoming and finding a way to talk to someone about things 7. Have I ever had a crush on you: No 8. You're my: Friend who tends to make things a lot dirtier than it should be 9. Name in my phone: Yoshi (insert first name here) 10. Should you post this too?: Maybe. your choice. | eng | bc7c7949-1fea-4ee1-bd1f-7965a2477e41 | http://pink-koala.tumblr.com/tagged/yoshissupport |
Speech Therapy and Swallowing Problems
Swallowing problems are also called dysphagia. They are usually caused by diseases or damage to your brain or nerves, such as:
• Stroke or brain injury
• Parkinson's disease
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Alzheimer's disease
• Amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease
• Head and neck cancer
• Traumatic injury
How Do Swallowing Problems Affect Me?
You may face these problems when trying to eat or drink:
• Coughing or choking
• A wet/gurgly voice quality after swallowing
• Feeling like food is stuck in your throat
Serious swallowing problems can cause aspiration. Aspiration is when food or liquid goes into your lungs instead of your stomach. Aspiration can cause infection and pneumonia. Chewing and swallowing may be so difficult that you do not have enough energy to eat what your body needs to maintain nutrients. You may begin to lose weight or become dehydrated.
Who Can Help Me?
Speech-language pathologists (SLP) work with individuals with swallowing problems. They may run special tests to evaluate the function of your swallow, including:
• Bedside Dyphagia Evaluation: During this test the SLP gives you different things to eat and drink to assess your swallow function. This test does not require special equipment and can be conducted anywhere.
• Modified Barium Swallow or Cookie Swallow. This test uses an x-ray to see what happens when you swallow, to find out how serious the problem is and to see if you are aspirating. Your doctor or SLP can give you more information on this test if needed.
How Can I Improve My Swallowing?
Your SLP may recommend ways to make your swallow better, such as:
• Exercises to strengthen the muscles involved in swallowing
• Different positions or strategies to swallow more safely
• Recommending foods/liquids that you can swallow more easily
• Vital Stimulation: The use of electrical stimulation paired with swallowing exercises to accelerate strengthening and restore your swallow function
With the help of a speech therapist, prognosis for improved swallow function is good for most patients. | eng | 6900d296-ec62-434f-82e2-b5e787845c2d | http://www.sahc.org/rehab/speech-therapy-swallowing.aspx |
're online right now, so wanna trade?. If you're not on, but it just says that on your profile because you left yourself logged in, then I'll be on every hour. So the time that I'm posting this is 6:57. I'll be on when it's 10, 11, 12, 1, and 2 for you.
I know I said I couldn't be on today, but I couldn't go to Boxing today, (for reasons I will not say) so I'm free. | eng | a2708a2b-ac5a-4746-bfe2-4044927d0f19 | http://www.pokecommunity.com/member.php?tab=visitor_messaging&u=155330&page=3 |
The girl with the brown skin, said "come inside, yeah, come inside me" "you'll never feel cold again, you'll never feel tired again. I see you better, than you know, wanna keep you warm, I WONT let you go." 'Cause you've got lungs made from ice, and heart full of frost bite… She said- "come inside me, just push it in (break the skin), just push it in" she said- "come inside me…" To the man with the golden arms. -I said we'd been apart for so long, that it kinda seems wrong. she said "God made man from mud, besides, I've always been in your blood | eng | d8552d65-1b81-4ddb-b99a-125673891932 | http://escc9.tumblr.com/page/10 |
Mar 13
I've been seriously thinking about a very serious topic lately: romantic proposals. Of the "will you marry me?" variety. And I've come to the conclusion that something is genuinely f-ed up in our society when the young, groomed, well-rested women who aren't covered in poop and spit-up get to be on the receiving end of possibly the one and only truly romantic gesture a woman ever experiences in her life. Why THEM? Why not us: the toddler-wrestling, vomit-wiping, potty-training SUPERHUMANDROIDMOMS? Young chick who has time for a bikini wax and a movie, followed by mimosas and SATC reruns? You don't deserve an f-ing proposal; I do! What's more, you wouldn't even fully appreciate it. And I would. Oh, how I would.
When I think back to the day when Ethan popped the question, that lovely (okay, sweltering) afternoon in New York City when the only care in my head was whether or not I had time for a shower before dinner and whether or not Voldemort really had found a new body, I am genuinely resentful that SHE'S the one who got all the glory, while I'm sitting here loading the dishwasher for the fifty-thousandth time while sniffing my toddler's butt to see if a diaper change is in order. Pre-kid me doesn't need a bunch of romance BUT MOM-ME WOULD PAY GOOD MONEY TO BE GIFTED SOME BLING EVEN IF IT WILL JUST END UP GETTING PUREED PEAR STUCK ALL OVER IT.
I know I'm not alone. That's why I've come up with these uber romantic "proposals" that I know a lot of us moms would love to hear from our spouses or partners (these are guaranteed to elicit a "yes" and not an "Um, let me get back to you after I wipe up this spittle"). And if you're a mom and you popped the question yourself, OR if you aren't married because legally you can't get married because the world is dumb, OR if you and your significant other had a baby before getting married, OR some other condition is true that I'm not listing here, then you deserve to hear several of these, or perhaps even all:
"Honey, I just did all the dishes, fished cheddar bunnies out of the cracks in the car seat, and booked a babysitter for Friday night so you can watch the latest Twilight movie while I pour you a glass of Prosecco. Will you marry me?" (YES)
"What do you mean, your stomach looks poochy? I literally cannot see it. Like, I am staring at it and I cannot tell the difference between your stomach now and your stomach five years ago. Like, it is scientifically impossible to see any difference at all. Will you marry me?" (UM, YEAH!)
To colleague, friend, or even just a random human on the street: "My wife is [writing a novel/starting a company/molding young minds/running the preschool coat drive] AND she just finished a marathon. AND SHE DID ALL THAT WHILE OUR KIDS RODE ON HER BACK. AND ONE KID RODE ON HER FRONT. AND THE DOG RAN NEXT TO THEM. AND THE CAT WATCHED. I hope she will still symbolically remarry me even though all I did this year was a couple of Excel models." (SHE WILL)
"Babe, I asked the kids who their favorite person is in the whole word, and first they said Elmo, but then they said you. So I'm third behind you and Elmo. Elmo won't marry me but I hope you will." (WELL WHEN YOU PUT IT LIKE THAT…)
"You are an awesome wife and mom and I kind of think maybe you thought you were marrying somebody else but when you got to the courthouse and saw it was me it was too late so you just said "f it" but I'm really happy that you were cool about it. Will you, again, just say f it and marry me?" (UH-HUH!)
"I don't freakin' know how you do it, but somehow our child is asleep and the sofa is not painted with red nail polish. Please don't ever leave us." (I'LL THINK ABOUT IT)
"I didn't even know the bounds of your awesomeness until you birthed our precious offspring. I just bought you a ticket to a spa in a faraway land and you're going for a week, alone!" (HELLS YEAH | eng | 63908dd1-e9f0-4370-9976-6c00d8487343 | http://mommyproof.com/proposals-should-be-for-mothers-for-frogs-sake/ |
Take a look at a job description from one of the big acoustics manufacturers:
Develop, implement and evaluate the performance of potential new hearing instrument design using electrical and acoustic testing systems.
Evaluate performance of electro-acoustic components for potential use in hearing instruments. Develop electro-acoustic test specifications for hearing aid devices and the components used in those devices. | eng | c19d408d-4ac2-45ac-88cb-fcd6d69eced9 | http://thefunworks.edc.org/SPTUI--FunWorks/funworks/page.php?class=1&sub=5 |
La pink note
Immediate download of 6-track album in your choice of 320k mp3, FLAC, or just about any other format you could possibly desire (if you ever desire it 64kbps.. which can be real fun)
What you give is directly going to my paypal. Consider paypal will charge for a transaction fee.
credits
tags
license
feeds
about
wasn't a forward thinker, only a rather average guy making music in his bedroom for any possible reasons,
really. So basically, this place won't be updated and there'll never be any more music from the small redhead guy who called himself kaneel....more | eng | 250aae6b-9b32-4c12-8af7-bf63f2c078ae | http://kaneel.bandcamp.com/album/la-pink-note |
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Traditional French Food
France is found in Western Europe, and is the second largest country on the continent after Russia. The country is bordered by mountains on most sides, with the famous Mont Blanc being very close to the French/Italian border. The mild climate and rich soil provide ample opportunity for a variety of farming, from wine to wheat, fruits, vegetables and livestock. The country produces enough food to feed all the people living in France, and is considered self-sufficient.
Regional Differences
The French are very enthusiastic about incorporating other cultures and foods into their cuisine, and this is reflected in the variations of cuisine found in different regions of France. Brittany is renowned for it's crepes and cider, influenced by the proximity of the British. Eastern France, which is bordered by Germany, has many foods that are similar to German dishes containing sausages and cabbage. One of the most popular dishes in the region is called la choucroute which is a stew made of cabbage, containing sausages and spiced in a French manner. Regions that are bordered by the sea have cuisine that is heavily seafood based and focused on oysters, clams, squid and mussels.
Traditional French Food
The French are known for the quality of their baking, with baguettes and croissants being popular all over the world. Baguettes are commonly used in making sandwiches and are ubiquitous at the dinner table. Croissants are light and buttery pastries that can be either savoury or sweet, with chocolate croissants along with some strong coffee being a popular breakfast choice. The French are also generally known for their preference for duck, game and delicacies such as snails and frogs legs. Snails are traditionally served with garlic butter and bread and eaten as a starter. Bouillabaisse is a hearty meal traditionally served in Provence and is a fish stew. The broth and fish are served separately with toasted bread and a hot sauce called rouille. The rouille is spread onto the bread, which is then dipped into the stew and eaten. The fish can be eaten separately or also on the bread.
No discussion of French food is complete without discussing desserts. The French are known for their innovative use of chocolate and chocolate mousse is a common dessert after a hearty meal. Crème brûlée, apple tart and ile flotant are other heavenly desserts that should be sampled by visitors to the country. | eng | 7d12c89f-084a-4a4f-8355-0fe325f49b22 | http://totalguidetofrance.com/traditional-french/traditional-french-food/ |
As scholars together at the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health in New York City, public health researchers Kimberley Roussin Isett, PhD, and Miriam Laugesen, PhD, watched major policy changes unfold across the city over the past several years. They decided to look at New York City as a model for improving public health that other cities could replicate. "Things were happening in New York City rapidly, and in a health-focused way that really not seen before," says Isett. Since then, other cities across the country have enacted similar, comprehensive smoke-free policies. Voluntary calorie postings on restaurant menus were also integrated as a requirement in the Affordable Care Act. The researchers decided to look at New York City as a model for improving public health that other cities could replicate. NewPublicHealth recently spoke with Drs. Isett and Laugesen about their research. Dr. Isett recently took a new position as an Associate Professor in the School of Public Policy at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, and Dr. Laugesen is an Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Management at Mailman and a former Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholar.
NewPublicHealth: Because of its large budget and powerful public leaders, New York City isn't always seen as a model for other, particularly smaller, health departments. But your work shows some of their efforts to be important, maybe critical for other departments to study and replicate. How did you come to that conclusion?
Miriam Laugesen: In our research, one theme that kept coming across again and again was the scientific basis—the amount of research and data—that the Bloomberg administration and staff had collected to justify and design their policies. That was a very big component, we thought, of many of their policies and that New York City had many innovative, interesting examples of how policymakers can base their policies on evidence nationwideFoster interfaith dialogue and collaboration with leaders and scholars around the world, and at home
As part of HHS, the Partnership Center is a member agency of the National Prevention Council—a collaboration of 17 federal departments, agencies and offices to help promote prevention and wellness for individuals, families, and communities. The Council members are guided by the National Prevention Strategy, released two years ago by Surgeon General Regina Benjamin, which envisions a prevention-oriented society where all sectors recognize the value of health for individuals, families, and society and work together to achieve better health for all Americans.
NewPublicHealth recently spoke with Acacia Salatti, acting director of the Partnership Center, about their prevention efforts in U.S. communities.
NewPublicHealth: What is the role of the Center for Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships?
Acacia Salatti: Our office as is an open door for faith and community stakeholders. We see it as a two-way partnership—our center is able to provide information on health and human services programs, and we are able to gain a deeper understanding about what other types of best practices are happening in the community. We are one of 13 faith and neighborhood partnership offices in federal agencies and we all work to together to help faith and community stakeholders create a positive impact in their communities.
NPH: Why is prevention important to the office and how does the office align with the National Prevention Strategy | eng | 40480391-2a63-46af-a3bc-22b48313575d | http://rwjf.org/en/blogs/new-public-health.html?t=topics%3A334 |
Trivia, Notes, Quotes and Allusions
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TRIVIA (0)
QUOTES (2)
Annie: Jeff, it's just a little table in the corner of the room. Why don't we just let them have it? Jeff: Because that's called appeasement. And everyone knows if you give the Germans something small, like the study room or Austria, they end up wanting something big, like earth. | eng | bf9f9dce-aa9b-4212-a419-314f46b449ef | http://www.tv.com/shows/community/alternative-history-of-the-german-invasion-2662329/ |
I am strongly opposed to ANY telemarketer calls, especially to cellular phones. Please do not allow more room for telemarketers to sneak around the system by allowing this ammendment! People will be outraged when they have added their number to a DO NOT CALL list and telemarketers can still legally phone them due to loopholes. What then is the point of the list? If the number is on the list - it should not be able to be called. Period. | eng | c24d72bb-0e2c-4258-9613-8b9b67a5a33d | http://ftc.gov/os/comments/tsrcallabandon/OL-111644.htm |
Forcing a value's case
My question is regarding a case insensitive query. Is there a way
(other than triggers) to force a value that goes into a field to be all in one case -- either UPPER or LOWER? The database is in Oracle. | eng | afa8c322-8fa1-45f5-82b1-b5aa9246f08c | http://searchoracle.techtarget.com/answer/Forcing-a-value-s-case |
Cottage Makeover
Courtyard Before
Wendy's goal for the backyard was simple: "We wanted less grass and more living space," she recalls. In her Atlanta neighborhood,
lots aren't very large, so she decided to replace the existing small brick patio with a lush courtyard. The area is now a
backyard getaway where Wendy and Cleve can relax in a garden setting while their two corgis, Lulie and Gordy, run around | eng | 177a4d35-9d4e-4f87-aa7e-326a9777d6c0 | http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/decorating/cape-cod-cottage-makeover-decorating-ideas-00417000072851/page15.html |
iLearnwords : Power Your Child With Fun N Learn
iLearnwords an fascinating app meant for children to make learning a pleasurable experience for them.. In comparison to virtual babysitter apps, it contains solid information on varied, but important topics, critical for understanding.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
PRLog (Press Release) - Nov. 6, 2012 - iLearnwords – Nov,06, 2012 – Available today, the app iLearnwords, offers a complete tour of learn to play, while exploring the whole world around themselves. It allows tiny tots, as well as their parents, to easily commit new words and intensify more information to their brains.
The user here defines a subject, read a little (or a lot), favorite it for later reference, and then move on to other subjects. Thanks to the FIXATE category, its colorful and friendly graphics makes the child review their knowledge and TANGLE, the educational gameplay, make them learn the correct spellings of new words. Its subtle animations make learning entertaining and effortless.
The features which make iLearnwords FREE to stand out in the race of thousands of apps meant for kids are-
* Learning appended with quizzes
* Interactive puzzles increase vocabulary of your child
* Amazing sound effects
* Most loving categories can be easily added to favourites
* Question and answer format
* Engaging multiple choice quizzes
* Interesting facts are included in all categories
* In-depth knowledge has been supported by beautiful images
* Well supported audio files for Learn
* Easy sharing through facebook and twitter.
* Easy emailing of content under Learn.
* New versions can be easily downloaded from backend serves.
The following categories are extensively covered in this app:
* ANIMALS
* FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
* SHAPES
* NEIGHBORHOOD
* PLANTS
iLearnwords is now available worldwide, in several languages on the Apple Store.
Chrome Infotech | eng | 7583df84-e0d9-4690-addf-99742f38aea9 | http://www.prlog.org/12017322-ilearnwords-power-your-child-with-fun-learn.html |
Price Calculator
About this Calculator:
* Price (or Selling Price) = Revenue
In sales, it is often necessary to calculate the selling price based on the known cost of an item and the desired gross margin of the store or company. This calculator online will calculate the selling price you need to establish (revenue) in order to achieve a desired gross margin on a known product cost. Also, will calculate mark up percentage on the product cost and and, the dollar value of the gross profit. Enter the original cost and your required gross margin to calculate selling price, mark up and gross profit. This calculator is the same as our Mark Up Calculator.
Price Formulas/Calculations:
To calculate the selling price or revenue R based on the cost C and the desired gross margin G, where G is in decimal form:
R = C / ( 1 - G)
The gross margin is the Profit divided by the selling price or revenue R
G = P / R
So, the gross profit P is the selling price or revenue R times the gross margin G, where G is in decimal form :
P = R * G
The mark up percentage M, in decimal form, is gross profit P divided by cost C. | eng | fa546dc3-e8ce-4f58-810c-7890bb9c6048 | http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/financial/price.php |
Bouquet: Ripe plums, cherries and spice are complemented by a hint of tobacco.
Taste: Ripe red berries, balanced acidity and sweet tannins leading to a deliciously long finish.
critical acclaim:
"Warm dark fruit aromas of blueberry are accented by rubber and earth. The palate is deep and racy, with no dead weight and good flavors of berry, cassis, spice and chocolate. Bright in feel, focused and just oaky and dry enough to not be jammy and soft." | eng | bbd7cad2-1ce8-4dcd-abee-da371fc19392 | http://www.wine.com/V6/Salentein-Reserve-Malbec-2007/wine/103048/detail.aspx?ct=1 |
First off I would like to say that Paintball Outpost is basicly the same company as Paint Games Plus its just they decided to open a second location in Springfield. I don't know why they decided to delete the Paint Games Plus feild review.
PRICES
The prices are on there website.(to much information to put on here)
FIELDS
I really like the fields at Paintball Outpost they have two woodsball fields with all kinds of bunkers trees, big plastic tubes, pilled up brush, hand made wooden mini walls, and even a old gutted out millitary looking car. They have two speedball fields both air bunkers they have pictures of them on there website. Also they have a mounds feild. All it is is just a lot of piles of dirt close two each other so everyone is pretty close to each other. Sometime they're going to get an urban city field that is just some small shacks built to make a small city that reminds me more of tactical play.
PAINT
Both Paintball Outpost and Paint Games Plus make their own paint which they call Karnage. It is pretty good quality but it is a little expencive but it seems like everywhere you go people think it's expensive.
Overall I think its a pretty good place to play paintball the place is clean and there are fields there that everyone should like at least one field. That was the problem with Paint Games Plus it was all built up around them so they couldn't expand and make more feilds where here they can. | eng | 9f09eb12-ec9b-4a7d-9006-d8b84774f704 | http://www.pbreview.com/fcomments/?rev=35507 |
Posts Tagged 'practical atheist'
So, you go to church? Like the music? The preaching is good? But are you still an atheist? How can that be? Join us as Pastor Chuck Tilton leads us in a study of I Peter, and the difference between a "practical atheist" and a true follower of Christ. | eng | d2e7a437-c284-4a2c-94bb-d92cc65be048 | http://fathershousechurch.com/tag/practical-atheist/ |
Underwater Tomb of King Munmu the Great (문무대왕릉)
King Munmu's tomb (문무대왕릉)
Bonggil Beach (봉길해수욕장)
Billed as the world's only underwater tomb, King Munmu's final resting place is actually a set of rocks just 200 meters out from the beach. It's never been excavated, so archeologists are still unclear if King Munmu is actually buried here or if it's just where his ashes were scattered. Still, if viewed from above, it's obvious there's a large underwater cap stone smack in the center of cross-shaped waterways in the rocks. Until it's actually excavated, we won't know if this is man-made or simply work of nature.
Overhead View of King Munmu's tomb (문무대왕릉)
There's a pretty cool legend behind why King Munmu was the only Shilla King to be buried at sea. It's said he wanted to have his ashes scattered in the East Sea so his spirit could become a dragon to ward off Japanese pirates. These days I reckon he's got his hands full protecting the nuclear waste disposal facilities near by.
Drying Squid, Bonggil Beach (봉길해수욕장)
In Asian mythology, dragons are considered powerful water spirits who can give help to or wreck havoc on humans. Dragon spirits have a high place in Korean Shamanism, which (as in the Shilla or 신라 dynasty) happily coexists with Korean Buddhism. This makes King Munu's tomb a very sacred place for shamans, or "mudang" (무당) .
Mudang" (무당) performing a ceremony, or "gut" (굿), for King Munmu
Particularly around the full moon, you're bound to sea least one group of Shamans (usually women) drumming, chanting and making ritual offerings (known as a "gut" or 굿 in Korean) to King Munmu's dragon spirit. Korean shamans are usually a reclusive lot, so it's very unusual to see them in public. As such, they don't take kindly to being interrupted by camera toting tourists, so a zoom lens comes in quite handy.
Two shamans, or "mudang" (무당), performing a ceremony presumably for the dragon spirit of King Munmu
While you're out at Bonggil Beach , don't miss partaking in fresh sashimi at one of the dozen odd hoe jips (회집) along the beach. If raw fish isn't your bag, definitely try some freshly dried squid jerky from one of the market stalls near by. They sell for about 1,000 won a squid and the ajumas heat them up for you right there on the spot. They're a nice and warm chewy treat on a cold winter's day.
A Hoe Jip (회집) or Korean Sashimi Restaurant on Bonggil Beach
Squid & Seaweed Vendor, Bonggil Beach (봉길해수욕장)
Directions: If you're driving, take National Road 4 East out of Gyeongju and you can following it straight to Bonggil Beach (봉길해수욕장). It's about a 45 minute drive out past Bomun resort, then Deokdongho Lake, up over the mountain and then down through the market town of Yangbuk (양북). If you're on foot, you can catch the bus from the Gyeongju Shiwae Bus Terminal (check with the Tourist Info kiosk outside for the bus numbers and times).
Bonggil Beach and King Munmu's tomb make a great day trip combined with Gampo Port, Girimsa temple and Golguksa hermitage. | eng | 728a10c9-eb9f-4c1d-b741-0aa415175b50 | http://www.sherwinvjones.com/gyeongjublog/2010/01/underwater-tomb-of-king-munmu/ |
Here are just a few:
Promote group collaboration and creativity by having your students record their group projects together in a single doc.
Create quizzes and tests using spreadsheets forms, your students' time stamped answers will arrive neatly ordered in a spreadsheet.
Encourage collaborative presentation skills by asking your students to work together on a shared presentation and then present it to the class.
Students track and organize project data in a single spreadsheet, accessible to any group collaborator at any time.
Students create a math word problem solving exercise.
Embed their documents in a class wiki, blog, or LiveBinder for student use in projects or assignments.
Science Applications
The following are ready made documents you can use or modify for your classroom.
Storyboard Template – ideal for student use to create their podcast or video of science or math concepts.
Self-Assessment – allows students to assess their own confidence after practice of something, such as a lesson on one of the written multiplication methods.
Compare and Contrast – students use this Venn diagram template to compare and contrast science or math topics, ideas, or concepts.
Tips and Ideas for Using Google Docs
When collaborating with students, it's always best to create the doc, then share it with them. This will avoid any issues such as:
a document is erased from the student's account
the collaboration settings are changed
other avoidable problems having to do with ownerships rights
Here are some additional ideas for keeping your Docs list manageable and accessible:
Create a folder for each class, group of students, project, etc. Since you can add one doc to multiple folders, you can cross-categorize as much and as often as you'd like.
If you're working with a lot of documents on one project, make sure you give each document a clear and easily recognizable name, connected with the project at hand (e.g. "Short story project – group A").
Google Docs is a great tool for you and your students to use because of its cross platform accessibility, ability to use from anywhere with internet access, and student collaboration. So if you have not given Google Docs a try, now is the time to add this tool to your classroom's digital footprint.
Hey! My name is Carly Dougherty and I am currently a student at the University of South Alabama. I am taking an education media class and was led to your blog! First of all your blog is amazing. There are so many resources, tools and ideas to use! This post is wonderful. This is great list of of ideas to use for each subject! i never knew all you could use google docs for all of this! It is so great! Again, your blog is so great and I'm glad I was led to it! Thank you! I'll be writing a summary post onto my blog in the next couple weeks so please check it out!
I can see that you are a specialist in this region. I'm beginning a website soon, as well as your information will be very helpful for me. Thanks for all your own assist and wanting all of you the actual success in your business.
[...] Teach Science and Math Google (tags: math science googledocs teach templates) [...]
This is a great list of resources, thanks for sharing! I've made an assessment system template and shared it in Google Templates as well. I'm hoping to share it with as many people as possible. It has really helped bring loads of instructional data in guiding my daily instruction of students. Here's a link to the overview if you're interested:
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It's a technique of sounding like an ingenue, what is sexy to many men, what gets many little girls killed (watch Nancy Grace); don't fault the artist for the milieu, Lolita draws, and that's what they had Britney do, and she was able to do it really well. A mannish, hectoring voice it is not, it has its place. Don't call her a bad singer because the society is perverse. That is scapegoating. Shame on you, as a woman, to do that. | eng | a3ea107b-e6d9-438c-9ad4-1a4d8878f3f2 | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS6oeilzuzk&feature=related |
This short incident in the gospel of Luke forms part of a section which reveals the nature of the dawning kingdom of God. The raising of the widow's son takes place at Nain, which is a village located a few kilometers south of Nazareth overlooking the valley of Jezreel. As Jesus approaches the village, he and his disciples came across a funeral procession. It was bad enough that a mother's son had died, but in this case the woman was a widow. She now had no one to care for her in her old age. In the death of the son there was the death of the family line and inevitably her own death. Without being asked and without any demonstration of faith on the part of the woman, Jesus acts to bring to life the dead son. Both compassion and power are demonstrated in Jesus' act of kindness.
The passage
v11. Luke happily links the raising of the widow's son with the previous miracle story, the healing of the centurion's slave, although they are probably not related in time.
v12. As Jesus came near to the village, with his disciples and a large group of "sight-seers", he came upon a procession for the burial of a widow's only son. Probably the whole village is in the procession as it headed toward the local cemetery. As was typical of the time, the man was probably wrapped in a linen cloth and carried on a plank of wood, a bier, a kind of stretcher.
v13. Luke, giving Jesus his authoritative title, "the Lord", makes a point of noting Jesus' driving motive, his compassion, along with his authoritative word of command, "do not go on weeping."
v14. Halting the procession with a touch of his hand on the stretcher, Jesus commands the widow's son to wake up.
v15. Pulling himself up on the stretcher, as if waking up in his bed, the young man begins speaking. Jesus then presents him to his mother.
v16. The crowd responds with awe and respect, proclaiming that Jesus is obviously some sort of prophet; God is again visiting his people and blessing them.
v17. The news of God's visitation through a prophet spreads far and wide. As a consequence, the news reaches John the Baptist in prison. John had thought that Jesus was the messiah, not just a prophet. Could the Baptist be mistaken?
Discussion
Societal disintegration is addressed in the unfolding purpose of the mission of Christ to gather to himself a people to be with him eternally. How should we make that purpose known? What factors inhibit its hearing and how should we overcome them?
Life indeed
The presence of Jesus in our world is a life-giving presence, but it is a presence observed by very few.
As a young man I announced to my father that I would not be taking over the family business. If I remember rightly I didn't tell him in a very loving way, but then I suppose few kids, wet behind the ears, are tactful about anything. He didn't understand why someone would give up the chance of taking up a going concern like Cox Findlayson & Co. When I look back on that decision I am not sure I knew what I was giving up. My life had been essential oils and aromatic chemicals, blending and designing. Although, I would have to say I enjoyed driving trucks more than learning the art of my trade. Youthful energy - all hormones and few brains.
I had decided to enter Theological college, to train for the ministry. Somehow I felt that my life's path lay as a minister of the Word of God. To this day I can't really say why I felt this way, but Jesus' hand was in it all. And now, all these years later, I wouldn't exchange it for the power and status of my father's business. The business of my heavenly Father has been more to my liking.
It has not been an easy path, for you can never satisfy all the people all the time. There have always been the few who have regarded me as self-deceived, and such will always be the case. It is no fun to see the life-giving words of Jesus fall on deaf ears. Even in church there are the status ridden, the hate blinded, the self deceived, the proud. It is easy for the words of life to be hidden behind a mantle of self-confidence, even the self-confidence of the person in the pulpit.
Hidden in a world that rushes headlong toward oblivion, there dawns a new life-giving age. Like that crowd long ago in the village of Nain, our age sees the superficial, not the substantial; the prophet, not the messiah. To our world, the church is a useful organization for the welfare of children, the teaching of good manners, the maintenance of the moral fibre of our nation, and the visible marking of our life-stages. What our world doesn't recognize in the church is the gift of life itself. Our world rushes onward believing that a person's life is found in the abundance of their possessions and thus, too many of us leave this place, curled up, naked, and bereft of life itself. All that we possessed is then possessed by others. And as we rush forward to our doom, we share in the destruction of the very environment that maintains our species. The human population explodes and environmental resources deplete and the inevitable catastrophe moves closer. Yet, the life-giving Jesus is recognized as but a good man, a prophet maybe. Few see, few recognize the bondage of death, let alone the possibility of release from its captivity to eternal life.
"The dead man sat up", all the world slept, but in the farthest corners of the cosmos there came the sound of rejoicing angels. "The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it". In Him there is life, and that life is the light of mankind. | eng | a9c9363d-8821-4868-8575-1f478801061b | http://www.lectionarystudies.com/studyg/sunday10cg.html |
I'm excited to share content with fellow RD bloggers Julie Upton and Katherine Brookings of Appetite for Health. Each month, we exchange our favorite posts and re-post them on our own blogs. So, you will start to see some more of my writing on their blog. There is a whole crew of RDs there. Check it out.
You'll know I'm using one of their posts when you see this logo below
I could not help but choose their awesome post on eggs, which I love and have been eating daily my entire pregnancy. Lots of myths around eggs and I hope to clear them up next Tues on #EggChat on Twitter w/ @IncredibleEggs. 8 p.m. ET – full details here.
Hope you like the blog!
Here is what you need to know about one of nature's perfect foods and 7 eggcellent reasons to eat eggs.
There are plenty of reasons to enjoy eggs: They're delicious, convenient, versatile, inexpensive, nutrient-rich and are a dieter's BFF.
Many of my clients, however, have shied away from eggs because they've seen reports that the cholesterol counts in eggs may lead to increased risk for heart disease. While there have been observational studies that suggest a link between egg consumption and heart disease, upon closer inspection, the foods some individuals often eat with eggs—bacon, sausage, fried potatoes—are the problem, not eggs. Eggs have simply become guilty by their association with these foods.
Studies that carefully control for other diet and lifestyle factors, like saturated fat intake, smoking or exercise levels, show that eating eggs as part of a balanced, healthy diet, doesn't increase risk for heart disease and can may help prevent chronic disease.
Most of us can enjoy an egg a day without worrying about any increased risk for heart disease. (I eat about 10-12 eggs a week and my cholesterol levels are perfect, despite having a strong family history of high cholesterol and heart disease.) A large egg contains 185 mg dietary cholesterol and the American Heart Association recommends that healthy individuals get, on average, less than 300 mg of cholesterol per day. The saturated fat, however, in eggs is just 1.5 grams, which is much lower than many other protein-rich foods.
The most effective ways to improve your heart's health is to lose weight (if overweight); avoid trans fats; minimize saturated fat; fried foods and anything rich in added sugars like sweets, baked goods and desserts. These are much more effective ways to in your diet are better ways to improve your heart's health than eliminating eggs, shrimp and other foods that contain dietary cholesterol but are relatively low in saturated fat and nutrient-rich.
7 Eggcellent Reasons to Eat Eggs
Eggs are Nutrient-Packed
An egg has more than 10 essential nutrients, including iron, vitamin D, iron, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin and choline, and provides high-quality protein and antioxidants. Few foods naturally contain vitamin D or choline, and most animal-based proteins lack antioxidants, making eggs one of the most nutritious additions to your diet
Eggs are Diet-Friendly
A large egg provides just 70 calories and 6 grams protein and 5 grams total fat. Recent studies show that eating a high-quality protein breakfast of eggs vs. a breakfast of cereal or other carbohydrates helps turn down hunger hormones and enhances feelings of fullness. In an egg vs. bagel challenge, dieters who ate an egg breakfast versus the same calorie breakfast of bagels lost 65% more weight and significantly more belly fat compared to those who ate the bagel breakfast.
Egg Protein is High-Quality
Eggs are always considered the gold-standard for protein because they contain all the nine essential amino acids and in the exact combinations that are most usable by the body. Egg protein is so "bioavailable" that it is the standard by which all other proteins are measured.
Eggs Are Perfect Post-Exercise
A meal with eggs eaten after exercise can help aid in muscle recovery by providing the essential amino acids necessary to repair tissues and aid in gaining strength. Athletes are urged to eat about 20-30 grams of protein at each meal and especially post-exercise to help encourage muscle tissue repair protein synthesis. Some examples of perfect, post-exercise protein choices include protein pancakes, baked eggs in Canadian bacon and scrambled eggs with a high-protein English muffin.
Eggs are Choline-Rich
Choline is an essential nutrient that may help reduce your risk of breast cancer. In addition, choline has been shown to enhance memory and cognitive function in infants and toddlers and help prevent certain birth defects.
One egg yolk packs in 126 mg of choline, or nearly one-third of the 425 mg women need daily. In a population based study, researchers found that women who got the most choline in their diet slashed their risk of breast cancer by 24 percent. Women who consumed the most choline had a daily average of 455 mg of choline or more — mostly from coffee, eggs and skim milk. Women with the lowest intake consumed a daily average of 196 milligrams or less. Few foods contain significant amounts of choline, so eating eggs is one of the best ways to ensure you get your choline quota.
Eggs are a Good Source of Vitamin D
Vitamin D is thought to help protect against a wide range of conditions including certain cancers, diabetes, autoimmune diseases and may even aid in weight management. Most Americans are considered D-eficient because so few foods provide vitamin D and while sun exposure enables the body to make vitamin D, many people don't get enough daily sun exposure to meet their requirements. A large egg is now considered a "good" source of vitamin D, providing 41 IUs or 10 percent of daily value.
Eggs are Good for Your Eyes
Egg yolks contain lutein and zeaxanthin, two beneficial carotenoids that are concentrated in the macula of the eye and act to help block harmful UV rays from damaging eye tissues. Diets rich in lutein and zeaxanthin are known to help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. AMD is the leading cause of blindness among older Americans. What's more, the carotenoids in egg yolks are considered more bioavailable than carotenoids present in colorful fruits and vegetables because they're more absorbable. | eng | 903c9640-3306-493c-8f4d-8fd3b5cbcb9e | http://rebeccascritchfield.wordpress.com/2012/10/24/7-eggcellent-reasons-to-eat-eggs/ |
Hey! What Happened?!
October 7, 2007
Yup, had to move lyza.com again. This time I hope permanently. I was tempted to wait until I'd modified WordPress to my heart's content, making it awesome and all that, but I really need to get my ass in gear, so you'll likely see stuff blinking and changing and breaking occasionally. That's what makes it fun, no? | eng | 16005379-d56e-45f1-9a81-c664e9ad9e66 | http://www.lyza.com/2007/10/07/hey-what-happened/ |
Subscription preferences | eng | 0cb70350-ef3b-4905-9920-b83fdab0bb54 | http://www.youtube.com/user/USMastersSwimming |
Glia: the Other Brain Cells
Until recently, neuroscientists thought cells called glia were the nervous system's supporting players, helping keep brain cell communication in working order. Researchers focused more attention on the brain's 100 million nerve cells called neurons. Recent studies, however, suggest glia play a vital role in brain cell communication, and perhaps in the development of human intelligence.
Cells known as glia (Greek for "glue") were long believed to provide nothing more than support to nerve cells. Research is showing, however, that glia are active participants in brain function.
After legendary genius Albert Einstein died in 1955, his brain was removed from his body and placed in a jar of formaldehyde. For the next 30 years, scientists examined small slices of his brain, hoping to uncover clues to the great man's genius. Most people expected that Einstein's brain would be larger than average. But it was not. Nor was there anything unusual about the number or size of its neurons, the brain cells responsible for everything from breathing to thinking.
Then, in the late 1980s, a scientist discovered something that was different about Einstein's brain. It had more brain cells called glia, especially in the association cortex, an area of the brain involved with imagination and complex thinking. At first, scientists found this discovery surprising and confusing. They had long believed glial cells served solely as supporting actors to neurons. Glia's only known duties at the time — tasks like carrying nutrients to neurons and cleaning up dead nerve cells and other debris — were, after all, seemingly less important.
Recent research, however, has redirected the spotlight onto glia. Glia are now known to be active players in the formation and function of synapses, the tiny gaps between neurons that allow them to communicate with each other. Ongoing research in this field is leading to:
A better understanding of how brain cells communicate and process information.
Insight into brain development.
New approaches to treating neurological disorders, including chronic pain.
One reason why scientists underestimated glia for so long was because they saw no evidence that these cells communicated with each other. Neurons "speak" across synapses by generating action potentials, electrical impulses that trigger chemical communication between neurons and prompt more impulses in other neurons. But glial cells lack the ability to generate action potentials. Recent advances in imaging technology helped scientists discover that glia were actually communicating, although by chemical and not electrical means.
Research soon revealed that glial cells were "talking" not only among themselves, but also to neurons. Neuroscientists found that glia have receptors (receiving docks) for many of the same chemical messages used by neurons. These receptors enable them to eavesdrop on the neurons and respond in ways that help strengthen their messages.
Studies have shown that without glial cells, neurons and their synapses fail to function properly. For example, neurons removed from rodents were found to form very few synapses and to produce very little synaptic activity until they were surrounded by glial cells known as astrocytes. Once the astrocytes were introduced, the number of synapses jumped, and synaptic activity increased by 10 times.
Additional research supports the idea that glia are important in the formation of synapses. Researchers have discovered, for example, that astrocytes secrete a chemical called thrombospondin that encourages synapse formation in neurons.
Glia also contribute to the normal destruction of synapses that happens during brain development. Like trimming an overgrown tree, the developing brain cuts back unnecessary connections to simplify its circuits. Recent studies suggest that glia may encourage this process with the help of the immune system. The abnormal "pruning" of healthy synapses may be a factor in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, making it all the more important to understand how glia contribute to this process.
In addition to helping build and destroy synapses, glia may be involved in brain functions like learning in a more direct way. Some varieties of glia wrap around axons, the "wires" that connect neurons, forming insulation called myelin. When animals are raised in learning-rich environments, myelination increases, suggesting that glial cells may actively contribute to learning.
Understanding the how and why of glia communication is helping scientists rethink how the brain operates and how to treat it when it malfunctions. Glia have been associated with such varying neurological disorders as dyslexia, autism, stuttering, tone deafness, chronic pain, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and even pathological lying.
As research into glia continues, these formerly less understood brain cells — perhaps a source of Einstein's genius — will continue creating headlines.
Further Reading
Barres BA (2008) The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease. Neuron. 60: 430-440.
Fields RD (2009) The Other Brain: From Dementia to Schizophrenia, How New Discoveries about the Brain Are Revolutionizing Medicine and Science. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
About the Author
Susan Perry is a Minnesota-based medical and science writer with a special interest in neuroscience. A former writer and editor for Time-Life Books, she has been contributing educational and other materials to the Society for Neuroscience for almost two decades. | eng | 95b6d97d-c424-4a18-9610-42201f1191f4 | http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/neuroanatomy/articles/2010/glia-the-other-brain-cells/ |
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