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Alopecia Areata: An abstract using CALECIM® Advanced Hair System with a 1.2mm derma stamp and red light Alopecia Areata is a fairly common hair loss condition, however it can be difficult to manage due to its unpredictable nature. Patches of non-scarring hair loss appear with or without Dysesthesia in both men and women equally. Typically, 60% of patients presenting with their first patch of Alopecia Areata do so in their early 20's. Areata can affect beards and other parts of the body such as eyebrows. The cause of Alopecia Areata can be due to autoimmune disorders, genetics, stress or Thyroid-related issues and in some cases, causes are not entirely understood. Investigation and treatment are essential at the earliest opportunity. Traditional treatment for Alopecia Areata usually consists of topical intralesional steroids in patients with 50% or less of the scalp affected. For example, Triamcinolone 5mg/ml with Lidocaine or saline. Injections should be repeated every 6 weeks until hair regrowth starts to appear. Steroids are usually performed at 1cm intervals with topical anaesthetic cream prior. Patients with Fitzpatrick skin types 3-6 should be advised that hypopigmentation can occur. If after 6 months of treatment, there is no visible sign of recovery, treatment should be ceased. Topical treatment application of Dithranol 0.5% + 5% Minoxidil has been used for Areata treatment in a half head study, where regrowth appeared at 24 weeks in 11% of patients. As with all medications, some patients will experience side effects which can be unpleasant. Immunotherapy and systemic steroids are other options, such as Diphenylcyclopropenone, Ciclosporin, or 5% Minoxidil used without Dithranol, which have varying degrees of effectiveness, however in many patients when treatment is ceased, patches can start to appear again depending on the cause. To highlight this condition's unpredictability, in many cases of Alopecia Areata, some patients report regrowth without any medical intervention at all. CALECIM® Case Study When a lady in her early 50's presented in my clinic with a patch of Alopecia Areata, my immediate decision was to refer her to a colleague, a Dermatologist specialising in treating hair loss of this nature for investigation and therapy. However further into the consultation, I discovered she was in remission from cancer and was nervous about using steroids or medications. Her preference was to use a natural, non-toxic treatment if one was available and exhaust all the other options before deciding on the use of steroids or other medications. Her blood tests showed no signs of underlying causes, no autoimmune disease or medical conditions, however she had been under stress due to work-related issues. We discussed the use of CALECIM® Advanced Hair System with the permission of her doctor, given its cellular youth messaging and excellent anti-inflammatory effects. The patient was 2 years in remission from cancer, her hair had grown back following her treatment without the need for medical intervention, however her Alopecia Areata patch had appeared just a couple of months before her visit. Following further discussions, she was happy to try CALECIM® Advanced Hair System. - Advised the client to arrive with freshly washed and dry hair with no product in. - Sterilise the skin of the Alopecia Areata patch and surrounding tissue. (Using Clinisept or Clinell 2% Chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol wipe). - Using a Derma Stamp of 1.2mm depth, pass the needle stamp x3 vertically and x3 horizontally over the Areata patch & periphery, being careful not to damage surrounding hair which may be fragile. (An Alternative motorised derma pen or needling device can be used, however advised depth of 1.2mm for comfort) - Apply half the vial of CALECIM® Advanced Hair System and massage in gently until all serum is absorbed. (2.5ml for 1 patch) - Place the LED Red light device over the scalp area of concern for 20 mins. - Client must not wash hair for 24 - 48 hours after. - Repeat each week for 6 weeks. This outcome would suggest the need for more case studies and a greater volume of participants in a clinical trial. CALECIM® Advanced Hair System has shown to effectively help this patient treat her Alopecia Areata without the need for medical intervention, however due to its unpredictable nature, a higher number of case studies would identify more robust data. Photo 1: before the treatment, taken on 24th April 2022. Shows a patch of Alopecia Areata which had grown significantly over two months prior to her visit. Photo 2: after 6 treatments, taken on 8th September 2022. Baby hairs can be seen growing through. A maintenance session was performed on this visit as per the protocol above. Photo 3: Taken on 17th November 2022. Shows continued regrowth of the hair. Another maintenance session was performed as per the protocol above. In 5 months and with 7 completed sessions, the photos show continued hair regrowth in the Alopecia Areata patch. On the clients last follow up in December 2022 following 8 treatments in total, complete recovery of her Areata patch was evident. The hair had continued to grow strong and healthy, with no steroids or medication used.
We don't have any photos of this building yet. Why don't you be the first to send us one? Latitude: 55.5942 / 55°35'39"N Longitude: -5.1459 / 5°8'45"W OS Eastings: 201871 OS Northings: 637888 OS Grid: NS018378 Mapcode National: GBR FFNX.ZLC Mapcode Global: WH1MQ.XNQ8 Plus Code: 9C7PHVV3+MJ Entry Name: Main Gates And Entrance Drive, Brodick Castle Estate Listing Name: Brodick Castle Estate, Main Gates and Entrance Drive Listing Date: 22 July 2011 Category: B Source: Historic Scotland Source ID: 400738 Historic Scotland Designation Reference: LB51787 Building Class: Cultural ID on this website: 200400738 Location: Kilbride County: North Ayrshire Electoral Ward: Ardrossan and Arran Parish: Kilbride Traditional County: Buteshire Tagged with: Architectural structure MAIN GATES AND ENTRANCE DRIVE (NS 01876 37887): William Andrews Nesfield, circa 1852. Pair of carriage gates flanked by pedestrian gates hung between two pairs of piers, with low quadrant walls to sides. Hammer-dressed, pink stone square gatepiers with shallow pyramidal copes. Cast iron gates with standards in the form of half-length and full-length spears. Rosette pattern friezes to top and bottom rails. Gilded armorial emblem with Hamilton legend and motto on each carriage gate. Curved quadrant walls of 3 courses with chamfered coping forming parapets of retaining walls, surmounted by horizontal fence with flat profile bars. Curved carriageway on raised causeway across hollow, with random rubble retaining walls. Low parapets with flat coping, terminated by dwarf piers to the W. BOUNDARY WALL (E): Possibly 18th century. 1m tall, extending approximately 0.4 miles from Main Gate along coastal road to NE. Terminating with 1.5m tall ancient milestone. Drystane construction of granite and sandstone rubble. Coping of boulders, partially reinforced with mortar. BOUNDARY WALL (W): W A Nesfield, circa 1852. 0.9m tall, with 0.76m railings extending approximately 0.5 miles to SW from the Main Gate to the West Gate. Squared rubble with chamfered coping. Wrought iron railings with flat standards and 3 flat rails. Inscribed commemorative panel of 3 raised courses of ashlar, with flat coping. WEST GATES (NS 01414 37659): Arran Estate Office, 1911. Entrance to driveway at W end of coastal boundary wall. 2 pairs of rubble-built square piers with chamfered copes, linked by dwarf walls with plain iron railings. Iron gates of straight uprights and scrolled central floral motif. Part of A Group at Brodick Castle Estate comprising: Brodick Castle; Bavarian Summerhouse; Cnocan Burn Road Bridge; Greenhyde and Castle Cottages; Ice House; Walled Garden; the Nursery; Main Gates, West Gates and Coastal Boundary Walls; South Gates; Sylvania and Brodick Kennels. The Main Gates, are the principal point of entry to the Brodick Castle Estate. They mark the ceremonial entrance to the Castle as conceived by the 11th Duke of Hamilton in the mid-19th C, and their design was an assertion of ducal power. Formerly known as the East Gates, they are part of the only executed scheme out of several landscaping proposals drafted for the 11th Duke by the landscape designer, W A Nesfield (1793-1881), during the 1850s. Prominent in his field, Nesfield worked infrequently in Scotland, although he designed a similar curving drive at Inveraray Castle. The new eastern approach followed on from the extensions to Brodick Castle by James Gillespie Graham, in the 1840s, and it superseded the rather steep drive from Claddach, to the SW, which was the only approach to the castle of any significance at the beginning of the 19th century. The work involved substantial engineering works, including realignment and raising of the public coastal road, erecting sections of sea wall, cutting into rock and construction of the raised causeway at the gate itself. The earlier entrance at this point had been a service access only. The gate lodge proposed by Nesfield was never built. The designer of the gates themselves is not known, but it was likely a work of collaboration. Interestingly, the architect, William Burn, an occasional associate of Nesfield, was also engaged by the Arran estate around this time and may have had some involvment. The stretch of boundary wall extending from the entrance to the SW was also part of this development. A commemorative panel mounted on the wall opposite the quay celebrates the first Scottish landfall after their coronation King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902. The drystane dyke extending from the Main Gate to the NE is of earlier date, probably a surviving fragment of a much longer boundary wall that preceded Nesfield's scheme. It may be the dyke referred to in estate accounts of 1702-4. The West Gates appear to deliberately echo the piers of the Main Gates, but on a smaller scale, while the ironwork has an Art Nouveau flavour, rather than the armorial style of its predecessor. The Ordnance Survey of 1864 appears to indicate an earlier structure on the site, though not conclusively. The design was produced by the estate surveyors - a drawing dated 1911 is in the archives of Arran Estates. The gates stand at the head of the road giving access to the Nursery that links to the network of garden paths, providing an alternative garden entrance to, or exit from, the Castle. This work was part of the general improvements and modernisation carried out for Lady Mary Douglas-Hamilton, who inherited the estate in 1895 and married the 6th Duke of Montrose in 1906. The South Gates are likely to also have been part of this work - see separate listing. In May 2010, the West Gates had been detached from their piers. Brodick Castle Estate, now a discreet entity, was originally the nucleus of the Lands of Arran. Fought over during the Scottish War of Independence, it was transformed into an Earldom and granted to James Hamilton by his cousin, King James IV, in 1503. The Isle of Arran remained as one of the minor estates of the Dukes of Hamilton until the late 19th century. Agricultural improvements in the 18th century, culminating in the clearances of the early 19th century, eventually displaced the small scale and subsistence farming on the island. In the mid-19th, improved transportation made Brodick an attractive picturesque resort and hunting destination for the Hamiltons and the castle was substantially rebuilt with the area around it laid out as gardens and pleasure grounds. On the death of the 12th Duke, in 1895, Brodick passed to the future Duchess of Montrose. In 1957 the Castle and the policies immediately surrounding were conveyed to the National Trust for Scotland. Listed as part of the National Trust for Scotland Estates Review, 2010-11. External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry. Other nearby listed buildings
Electrocardiogram-Based Heart Age Estimation by a Deep Learning Model Provides More Information on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disorders - 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan - 2Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan - 3Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation and Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan - 4School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan - 5School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Objective: The biological age progression of the heart varies from person to person. We developed a deep learning model (DLM) to predict the biological age via ECG to explore its contribution to future cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: There were 71,741 cases ranging from 20 to 80 years old recruited from the health examination center. The development set used 32,707 cases to train the DLM for estimating the ECG-age, and 8,295 cases were used as the tuning set. The validation set included 30,469 ECGs to follow the outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-cause mortality, heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke (STK), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and hypertension (HTN). Two independent external validation sets (SaMi-Trop and CODE15) were also used to validate our DLM. Results: The mean absolute errors of chronologic age and ECG-age was 6.899 years (r = 0.822). The higher difference between ECG-age and chronological age was related to more comorbidities and abnormal ECG rhythm. The cases with the difference of more than 7 years had higher risk on the all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23–2.12], CV-cause mortality (HR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.74–7.01), HF (HR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.25–3.45), DM (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.53–1.89), CKD (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.41–1.97), AMI (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.20–2.57), STK (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.42–1.92), CAD (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37), AF (HR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.86–3.04), and HTN (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.51–1.85). The external validation sets also validated that an ECG-age >7 years compare to chronologic age had 3.16-fold risk (95% CI: 1.72–5.78) and 1.59-fold risk (95% CI: 1.45–1.74) on all-cause mortality in SaMi-Trop and CODE15 cohorts. The ECG-age significantly contributed additional information on heart failure, stroke, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation predictions after considering all the known risk factors. Conclusions: The ECG-age estimated via DLM provides additional information for CVD incidence. Older ECG-age is correlated with not only on mortality but also on other CVDs compared with chronological age. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important leading cause of death globally, placing a heavy burden on society and families. Most guidelines for the primary prevention of CVD recommend the estimated 10-year risk as the guide to make intervention decisions (1). Pooled Cohort equations, Framingham and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) use the following variables: age, sex, cholesterol level, blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes to predict the risk of CVD (2–4). Mathematical and statistical methods converting the cardiovascular risks into heart age were developed to make it easy to understand and to reflect the biological age (3). The book, Evolutionary Biology of Aging, offered the definition of aging: a persistent decline in the age-specific fitness components of an organism due to internal physiological deterioration. However, increases in mortality with age due to chronic infections were excluded by the definition (5). Chronological age represents how long a person has been alive. Biological age is the accumulation of time, genetic, environment, lifestyle, and other unknown variables that affect aging, which means it is more interrelated with the functional status of the organism. In the past, heart age calculations based on known risk factors might not provide additional information owing to lack of unstructured data, such as image and ECG. Bone age is used to determine the skeletal maturity of children, which is useful for diagnosing short stature by comparison with chronological age (6). The success of bone age in diagnosis highlights the importance of unstructured data. A deep learning model (DLM) is a technique used to learn useful features and provide an opportunity to speed up the process of converting unstructured data for analysis, which can also provide better accuracy in ECG interpretation (7). Previous studies have also developed a series of ECG-based DLMs on arrhythmia (8), acute myocardial infarction (9, 10), aortic dissection (11), dyskalemia (12–14), left ventricular dysfunction (15, 16), mitral regurgitation (17), aortic stenosis (18), glycemic profile (19, 20), etc. Moreover, the ECGs can even be used to predict the atrial fibrillation after a month (21). These impressive successes provided an opportunity to improve the CVD risk screening tools. A previous study used 774,783 patients to train a DLM for predicting the age of the patient, which confirmed the feasibility of age extraction from ECG (22). Furthermore, they investigated the residual between ECG-age and chronological age and found the residual is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (23). Currently, many research teams had pointed out the strength of mortality risk stratification using ECG-age (24–26). However, the application potential of ECG-age was not extensively explored. In our hypothesis (Figure 1), ECG-age provides more information on latent cardiovascular factors than chronologic age because ECG can reflect physiological status of the heart. The DLM can theoretically apply latent cardiovascular factors to generate the ECG-age for predicting biological age. The residual between chronological age and ECG-age may imply information of latent cardiovascular factors, which help us to promote the accuracy of CVD predictions. Here, we trained a DLM using an ECG to predict the biological age to validate the above hypothesis and to compare the correlations between chronological age, ECG-age, and the measured cardiovascular factors. Finally, we try to use the ECG-age to improve the accuracy of CVD prediction to validate the usefulness of residual between chronological age and ECG-age. Figure 1. (A) Chronological age is not direct correlation to cardiovascular outcome. Cardiovascular outcome is correlated with the influence period of unmeasured cardiovascular factors and measured cardiovascular factors. (B) Under the assumption of no direct correlation between ECG and chronological age, the DLM can theoretically use the latent cardiovascular factors to generate the ECG-age for predicting chronological age. The residuals between chronological age and ECG-age may imply the information of latent cardiovascular factors. The hypothesis of why ECG-age can more accurately predict the cardiovascular outcome than the chronological age. The ECG provide more information of latent cardiovascular factors. Data Source and Population This research was ethically approved by the institutional review board of Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (IRB No. C202005055). The electronic medical records of our hospital include digital ECG signals, and records from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019 were available. We only included ECGs from the health examination center to exclude the potential effect of acute diseases, and people younger than 20 years old or older than 80 years old were excluded, and Figure 2 shows the generation process of development, tuning, and validation sets. There were 71,741 first exam of ECGs and corresponding demographic characteristics in this study. We divided these ECGs into development, tuning, and validation set by date. The development set included 32,707 ECGs collected after January 1, 2016, and the corresponding ages were used to train the deep learning model, and then 8,295 ECGs collected during January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 were used to guide the model training as tuning set. The 30,469 ECGs collected before December 31, 2014 were used to follow the CVD-related outcomes, and cases were followed up from the date of the ECG exam to cardiovascular events or December 31, 2019, whichever came first. We also used two databases from cohort studies, the CODE-15% cohort (with 218,169 participants) and the SaMi-Trop cohorts (with 1,631 participants), to perform external validation (24). Figure 2. Development, tuning, and validation sets generation. Schematic of the data set creation and analysis strategy, which was devised to assure a robust and reliable data set for training, validating, and testing of the network. Once the data of patient were placed in one of the data sets, that individual's data were used only in that set, avoiding "cross-contamination" among the development, tuning, and validation sets. The details of the flowchart and how each of the data sets was used are described in the Methods. Observational Variables The outcomes of interest of this study were all-cause mortality, CV-cause mortality, heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke (STK), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and hypertension (HTN). For the mortality data, the survival time was calculated with reference to the date of ECG. Status of the patient was defined through electronic medical records and updated by each hospital activity. New-onset cardiovascular disease is defined as when the patient was first diagnosed and documented by ICD 9 or 10 codes in our hospital electronic medical records. Moreover, data for alive visits were censored at the patient's last known hospital alive encounter to limit bias from incomplete records. The cause of death was also reviewed to distinguish a CV-cause or other reasons. We used the corresponding International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision (ICD-9 and ICD-10) to define certain CVD-related outcomes. The detail codes were described as previously study (10, 13, 20, 27). For each CVD-related outcome, patients with ICD-9 or ICD-10 with corresponding diagnosis codes before the first-exam ECG collected in the physical examination center were excluded. The ECG-age was estimated by the DLM, which is described in detail in the next section. We also collected information on chronological age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, baseline comorbidities, and baseline biochemistry for risk evaluation and comparisons. Baseline comorbidities were extracted using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Baseline biochemistry was obtained within 3 days before and after enrollment. We used an automatic analysis system to interpret ECGs in this study. First, we divided our ECGs into normal and abnormal groups based on American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram, Part II: Electrocardiography Diagnostic Statement List (28). The quantitative measurements and findings within the final ECG clinical reports were extracted to identify the 31 diagnostic pattern classes and 8 continuous ECG measurements. The 8 ECG measurements included heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, correct QT interval, P wave axis, RS wave axis, and T wave axis. Patterns included abnormal T wave, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial premature complex, complete AV block, complete left bundle branch block, complete right bundle branch block, first degree AV block, incomplete left bundle branch block, incomplete right bundle branch block, ischemia/infarction, junctional rhythm, left anterior fascicular block, left atrial enlargement, left axis deviation, left posterior fascicular block, left ventricular hypertrophy, low QRS voltage, pacemaker rhythm, prolonged QT interval, right atrial enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, second degree AV block, sinus bradycardia, sinus pause, sinus rhythm, sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature complex, ventricular tachycardia, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The 31 clinical diagnosis patterns were parsed from the structured findings statements on the basis of the key phrases that are standard within the Philips system. The Implementation of a Deep Learning Model We have developed a DLM, ECG12Net, with 82-layer convolutional layers and an attention mechanism for potassium concentration estimation. The technology details, such as the model architecture, data augmentation, and model visualization, were described previously (10, 13, 27). We used the same architecture to train a new DLM for linking the ECG and the chronological age. The estimated age ranged from 20 years old to 80 years old is called ECG-age. The ECG recordings were collected using a Philips 12-lead ECG machine (PH080A). The sampling frequency was 500 Hz, with 10 s recorded in each lead. The standard input format of ECG12Net is a length of 1,024 numeric sequences, and the original length of our 12-lead ECG signal is 5,000. In the training process, we randomly cropped a length of 1,024 sequences as input. For the inference stage, the 9 overlapping lengths of 1,024 sequences based on interval sampling were used to generate predictions and averaged as the final prediction. All parameters of the networks were trained jointly using the optimization algorithm, Adam, with standard parameters. We trained the networks with mini-batches of size 36 and used an initial learning rate of 0.001 that was decayed by a factor of 10 each time the training loss plateaued after an epoch. The only regularization method for avoiding overfitting was a weight decay of 10−4. Our DLM was implemented based on the software package MXNet version 1.3.0. The presented performance in the validation cohort was only evaluated once, and the estimated ECG-age in the follow-up cohort was used to predict the CVD-related outcomes. This system is configured to visualize the basis for the AI predictions using class activation mappings (CAMs) and attention mechanism (10, 11, 13, 20, 29). Statistical Analysis and Model Performance Assessment We presented the characteristics of the different sets as the means and standard deviations, numbers of patients, or percentages. These values were compared using either analysis of variance or the chi-square test. The performance of the DLM was evaluated by the mean absolute errors, which were calculated in both the validation set and the tuning set. We used the scatter plot and Pearson correlation coefficient to compare the correlations between chronological age and ECG-age. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the predictive ability of ECG-age, chronological age, and other characteristics for CVD-related outcomes, which used standardized hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for comparison. We used an R package "pspline" version 1.0–18 to perform and to fit a polynomial smoothing spline of arbitrary order. For testing the proportional hazards assumption of our Cox models, we conducted the hypothesis test using a global Schoenfeld method. In principle, the Schoenfeld residuals are independent of time. A plot that shows a non-random pattern against time is evidence of violation of the proportional hazard assumption. The analyses that violated this assumption were emphasized and concluded a related conservative interpretation. A survival curve was used to visualize the people who has an older ECG-age. To evaluate the additional predictive contribution from ECG-age, we used the concordance index, also called the C-index, to present the global performance. The statistical analysis was carried out using the software environment R version 3.4.4. We used a significance level of p < 0.05 throughout the analysis. The patient characteristics in the development set, tuning set, and validation set are in Table 1. These sets showed different distributions of almost all the characteristics of the patient. As the output of the age estimation network was a continuous variable, the statistics of the mean absolute error were calculated with the overall correlation and the explained variance (R squared), which is presented in Figure 3. The difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 1.03 ± 8.69 years with a mean absolute error of 6.899 years. The explained variance by ECG-age on chronologic age in the validation set is 66.8% (r = 0.822), which showed in Figure 3A. For the multi-group classification to the age groups of <35, 35 to 49, 50 to 64, and >75 and the squared weighted kappa value was 0.76 in this analysis (Figure 3B). We further evaluate the impact of different groups on MAE. We divided the patients into 2 groups. One group is patients without any diseases. Another group is patients with any one of the diseases. Figure 3C showed that the difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 1.69 ± 8.53 years, with a mean absolute error of 6.86 years. Figure 3D showed a subgroup analysis about patients with one of any diseases. The difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 0.24 ± 8.82 years with a mean absolute error of 6.95 years. The MAE is highest in patient with any one disease. We further explored the contribution of residuals on CVD-related outcomes. Table 1. Characteristics of the patient and laboratory results in the development, tuning, and validation sets. Figure 3. The association between chronological age and ECG-age in validation set. (A) Shown is the ECG age (y-axis) vs. the reported chronologic age (in years; x-axis, dotted line). The difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 1.03 ± 8.69 years with a mean absolute error of 6.899 years. (B) It demonstrates a multi-group classification to the age (in years). There are 16 groups which divided by ECG age and chronologic age. The y-axis is ECG age and the x-axis is chronologic age. Each group is in terms of the percentage of patients with a specific chronologic age who had a specific corresponding ECG-age (eg, a patient from <35 y of age having a ECG age from <35 y). The squared weighted kappa value was 0.76 in this analysis. (C) Shown a subgroup analysis about patient without any diseases. The difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 1.69 ± 8.53 years with a mean absolute error of 6.86 years. (D) Shown a subgroup analysis about patient with one of any diseases. The difference between chronologic age and ECG-age was 0.24 ± 8.82 years with a mean absolute error of 6.95 years. The MAE is highest in patient with any one of disease. In the validation set, we further separated patients into three groups, one is high residual which means the ECG-age minus chronologic age more than 7 years, low residual which means ECG-age minus chronologic age <–7 years, and the group between high residual and low residual. In patients with discrepancy of chronologic age and ECG-age higher than 7 years, there was higher preexisting comorbidities including DM, HTN, CKD, AMI, CAD, and HF. These patients also have a higher BMI, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting glucose, HbA1c, white blood cell counts (WBC), triglyceride (TG), and lower eGFR. On the other hand, those with ECG-age of 7 years less than the chronological age have a lower comorbidities and better laboratory examination. The trend test is significant between higher residual (older ECG-age) and lower residual (younger ECG-age) no matter what comorbidities or laboratory examination (Figure 4). We further analyzed the relationship between residual and all the ECG features (Supplementary Figure 1) and demonstrated the most significant ECG abnormal features related to the higher ECG-age in Figure 5. High residual is associated with more ECG abnormal features such as atrial fibrillation, left bundle branch block, atrioventricular block and ventricular premature complex, and all ECG abnormal features which revealed the statistics significance. In summary, the high residual represented more of the risk factors of CVD and might lead to a higher incidence of extensive CVD events. Figure 6 presents an ECG from a typical patient with discordant ECG-age and chronological age. In this case, the AI model detected multiple concerning features and predicted a much higher ECG-age, and, finally, the patient suffered poor outcomes despite her related low chronological age (49-year-old) initially. Figure 4. The comparison between higher ECG-age and lower ECG-age for outcomes of interest in validation set. The plots display three groups, with ECG-age more than 7 years greater than the chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age >7, red columnar) those with ECG-age within a range of 7 years from their chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age-7 to 7, blue columnar); and, those with ECG-age more than 7 years smaller than the chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age <7, green columnar). X-axis is cumulative incidence and y axis is year. We can find red columnar is obvious with high hazard ratio on all outcomes of interest with statistics significant. Green columnar demonstrated opposite effect on all outcomes of interest. Figure 5. The relationship between ECG-age and ECG important features. The plots display three groups, with ECG-age more than 7 years greater than the chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age >7, red columnar) those with ECG-age within a range of 7 years from their chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age-7 to 7, blue columnar); and, those with ECG-age more than 7 years smaller than the chronological age (denoted by: ECG-age –Age <7, green columnar). Sinus rhythm is associated with ECG-age –Age <7, green columnar. ECG abnormal is associated with ECG-age –Age >7, red columnar. #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01; ###p < 0.001. Figure 6. AI-ECG visualization of a 46-year old female with older ECG-age. A 46-year-old woman who had type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia under regular OPD follow up. Her ECG-age is 61.4 years old which is much higher than her chronological age. Using the class activation mapping and attention mechanism to explain the AI-ECG prediction, we used white-to-red gradient to indicate the importance of each lead, and the darker-to-light gradient to indicate the contribution of each position in prediction of ECG-age. Light green and yellow mean older and younger rhythms. The most important part in this case is aVL, which accounts for 18.6%, while AI considered it was an old feature with widely green color. Although it presents sinus rhythm, we can see the part emphasized by AI-ECG shows relative irregular baseline, which may be caused by a patient with muscle tremor, muscle tension, dry skin turgor, and Parkinson's disease. We considered that AI-ECG may acquire information from these tiny changes. The patient was diagnosed of coronary artery disease, single vessel disease status has post-percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent implanted at left circumflex artery after 3 years. Figure 7A represents which new-onset CVD-related outcomes, including all-cause mortality, CV-caused mortality, HF, DM, CKD, AMI, STK, CAD, AF, and HTN, were most likely associated with a predicted ECG-age that is more than 7 years greater than the chronological age after adjustment for age and gender. We excluded the cases with corresponding histories of diseases to focus on the new-onset disease. During median follow-up years of 2.15 (interquartile range, IQR: 0.28–4.61), 2.15 (IQR: 0.28–4.61), 2.72 (IQR: 1.08–5.06), 2.55 (IQR: 0.91–4.90), 2.72 (IQR: 1.07–5.06), 2.76 (IQR: 1.10–5.12), 2.64 (IQR: 1.03–4.96), 2.47 (IQR: 0.92–4.72), 2.73 (IQR: 1.09–5.08), and 2.31 (IQR: 0.80–4.52), the at-risk patients of all-cause mortality, CV-caused mortality, new-onset HF, DM, CKD, AMI, STK, CAD, AF, and HTN initially were 38,764, 38,764, 32,164, 29,033, 32,635, 33,132, 31,636, 28,179, 32,749, and 22,849, respectively. The high residual group had an increased risk for the all-cause mortality (HR 1.61, 95%CI 1.23–2.12), CV-caused mortality (HR 3.49, 95%CI 1.74–7.01), newly onset HF (HR 2.79, 95%CI 2.25–3.45), and newly onset AF (HR 2.38, 95%CI 1.86–3.04). On the other hand, those with ECG-age of 7 years less than the chronological age have a lower cumulative incidence of new-onset CVD-related outcomes compared with predicted ECG-age range from −7 to 7 years. The low residual group had a decreased risk for CV-caused mortality (HR 0.37, 95%CI 0.19–0.76), newly onset HF (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.44–0.67), and newly onset AF (HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.49–0.75). Not only on mortality, but also other CVD-related outcomes were demonstrated with statistical significance in a high residual group. The low residual group demonstrates opposite results compared to the high residual group. We used the spline curves showing the relationship between the new-onset CVD-related outcomes and the residual of ECG-age and chronologic age. Abnormal ECG features account for about 25% of the total in our validation set, which is 7,729 ECGs. The high residual (ECG age - age >7) is significantly increased hazard ratio of new-onset CVD-related outcomes (Figure 7B). We conducted a Global Schoenfeld test for the above Cox models (the details were shown in Supplementary Figure 2). The analyses using all the ECGs, normal ECGs, and abnormal ECGs were conducted in this assumption test. The violated analyses were new-onset AMI (p = 0.04091), new-onset STK (p = 0.001849), new-onset AF (p = 0.01449), and new-onset HTN (p < 0.00001) in all ECG, and new-onset STK (p = 0.01883), new-onset CAD (p = 0.00127), and new-onset HTN (p < 0.00001) in normal ECG group. In the above violated cases, some of them were contributed from sex and age, and the new-onset AMI in all ECGs (p = 0.0229), new-onset AF in all ECGs (p = 0.0016), new-onset HTN in all ECGs (p = 0.0004), new-onset AF in normal ECGs (p = 0.0359), and new-onset HTN in normal ECGs (p = 0.0012). These violated analyses results should be interpreted carefully. In summary, the high residual represented that the patient might lead to a higher incidence of extensive CVD events. Figure 7. The comparison between higher ECG-age and lower ECG-age for outcomes of interest in validation set. (A) Long-term incidence of developing corresponding adverse event in patients at risk, stratified by the difference between chronological age and ECG-age. The table shows the at-risk population and cumulative risk for the given time intervals in each risk stratification. (B) Continuous association of the difference between chronological age and ECG-age on each outcome. The solid line and dashed line are the point estimation and the corresponding 95% conference interval, respectively. All hazard ratios were adjusted by gender and chronological age. "Normal" refers to the ECGs labeled as normal by the original interpreting physician at the time of ECG acquisition, "abnormal" refers to any ECGs not identified as normal. The black line, green line, and red line represent the risk curve in all ECGs, normal ECGs, and abnormal ECGs, respectively. Cox proportional hazard model and C-index are used as the performance assessment for a series of models in Figure 8. We conducted 3 kinds of models to analyze the additional contributions of ECG-age on each outcome. Model 1 includes significant demographic data selected by the stepwise program for each outcome. Model 2 includes variables in model 1 and additional significant comorbidities, and model 3 includes variables in model 2 and additional significant laboratory tests. The more valuable variables were included, and the better C-index was conducted on each interesting outcome. In model 1 and model 2, ECG-age almost provided additional contributions on each interested outcome with statistical significance. The analysis presented here shows that the ECG-age can provide more information of the CVD-related outcomes than traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In model 3, ECG-age provided additional contributions with statistical significance on newly onset HF, newly onset STK, and newly onset AF. While not statistically significant, ECG-age demonstrated a trend to improve the C-index on each interested outcome. Figure 8. Additional contributions of ECG-age on each outcome in validation set. Cox proportional hazard model and C-index are used as the performance assessment for a series of models. The model 1 includes significant demographic data selected by stepwise program for each outcome, the model 2 includes variables in model 1 and additional significant comorbidities, and the model 3 includes variables in model 2 and additional significant laboratory tests. #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01; ###p < 0.001. Figure 9 shows the DLM validation in two external cohorts, the SaMi-Trop and CODE-15% (24). During median follow-up years of 2.08 (IQR: 1.98–2.23) and 3.46 (IQR: 2.12–5.22), the initial at-risk patients in SaMi-Trop and CODE-15% were 1,556, and 218,070, respectively. Whether it be the SaMi-Trop cohort or the CODE-15% cohort, the high residual revealed a high all-caused death after adjustment for age and gender. The SaMi-Trop cohort showed an HR of 3.16 (95% CI: 1.72–5.78). The CODE-15% cohort showed an HR of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.45–1.74). In low residual, it also revealed a decreased HR in all-cause mortality. Figure 9. Survival analysis in SaMi-Trop and CODE15 datasets. Cox proportional model for each risk stratification on all-cause mortality in SaMi-Trop and CODE15 datasets. The table shows the at-risk population and cumulative risk for the given time intervals in each risk stratification. Both of the patients are taken into consideration: those with ECG-age more than 7 years greater than the chronological age (denoted by: ">7 years older"); those with ECG-age within a range of 7 years from their chronological age (denoted by: "±7 years"); and, those with ECG-age more than 7 years smaller than the chronological age (denoted by: ">7 years younger"). In this study, we trained our DLM to predict age by ECG. The mean difference between ECG-age and chronologic age was 6.899 years, which is consistent with a previous report (22). Such results indicated that the residual does not contribute to random errors. We considered that ECG-age was an independent risk factor correlated with CVD-related outcomes. In a previous study, patients with higher residual have more comorbidities such as low ejection fraction, hypertension, and coronary diseases (22). Our study evaluated the relationship between ECG-age and ECG abnormal features, and the results revealed that the high residual was the high frequency of ECG abnormal features. We further applied an ECG-age to predict CVD-related outcomes and found that patients with a high residual were significantly susceptible to an all-cause mortality, CV-caused mortality, and CVD-related outcomes after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Subgroup analysis showed the group with any one of diseases with bigger MAE than health group. In the external validation cohort, high residual was also demonstrated with an increased HR of all-cause mortality. Traditional risk factors, such as age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, DM, and cholesterol level, have been used to predict CVD-related outcomes (2–4). Interestingly, certain ECG abnormalities have been applied to predict adverse events (30). In the previous study, they proposed 4 ECG variables [i.e., AF/AF, Q/QS, intraventricular conduction delay, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by voltage] as independent predictors for CVD-related outcomes (30). Here, we also discovered a similar correlation between AI-derived ECG-age and ECG abnormal features. The CVD guideline which published by the National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance in Australia incorporates ECG and traditional CVD risk factors to achieve better CVD event risk prediction (31). Many studies were dedicated to obtaining more information from ECG, such as predicting serum potassium concentration (13), and the presence of AF in the future (21), or predicting mortality from a 12-lead ECG (24–26). Although current CVD risk prediction models and ECG abnormalities provide great information regarding CVD events and outcomes, they lack integration, which is not convenient for clinical use. Our study provides a practical approach model, the ECG-age, to predict not only the focus on mortality but also the CVD-related outcomes. Under normal development, the physiological age is the same as the chronological age. Many cardiovascular risk factors can lead to an early CVD and cause morphological changes on ECG. We used a class activation mapping to see which portion is AI-focused. However, we cannot fully understand how AI can predict the age and extensive CVDs. We can only find some abnormal ECG that is correlated with old ECG age. Some pathologic tiny change was probably observed by DLM. The heuristic previous study on ECG derived the heart age connected with the Bayesian approach. They used a P-wave duration, axis of QRS and T wave, RR interval variability, and QRS root mean squared voltages to estimate heart age. This study showed a good relation between ECG-age and chronological age in the adult health. It also found highly endurance-trained athletes and patient with CVD risk factors have older ECG age (32). The QRS-T angle is also a well-established ECG feature about sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia, and an all-cause mortality. It is considered a sensitive and strong predictor of heart ventricular remodeling. The widened QRS-T angle is also correlated with age (33, 34). The AI-derived ECG-age was used to evaluate a patient who received heart transplantation. The result demonstrated that the post-transplant ECG-age correlates more closely with the donor's than the recipient's chronological age, which means that the AI-derived ECG-age can reflect more of the heart age than the chronological age (35). All of the results partially elucidate the contribution of CVD to the morphological changes of ECG. Our ECG-age may present a more precise evaluation of the heart condition than the chronological age based on the obtained ECG information. This model exhibits an excellent predictive performance in AF and HF, for which ECG changes are related to pathological changes in the myocardium and structural changes (36, 37). In AF, the most frequent structural change of the atrial myocardium is interstitial fibrosis, which interferes with atrial conduction (38). Although these electrical signal changes are recorded by the ECG, they are difficult to observe due to subtle changes (21). With AI, these signals can be analyzed and integrated to make useful predictions (36). A previous study proposed that an AI-enabled ECG in normal sinus rhythm permits an excellent prediction of individuals with AF in the future (21). The CHF may be associated with several ECG characteristics (36), such as AF, a long PR interval, LVH, pathological Q wave, and widened QRS (37). A previous study had proposed the accurate diagnostic power for HF via ECG-based computer-aided detection systems (36). All of the evidence elucidates the ECG-ages on AF and CHF, and highlights the strength of our DLM in the prediction of CVD-related outcomes. In the target and application, our system could be applied to reduce the medical costs and screen for cardiovascular disease incident, which provides beneficial effects on public health. As illustrated by the British Whitehall II cohort study, people were classified into three categories by the severity of CVD risk, who received a different frequency of screening for CVD. Such a strategy reduced the number of person-years, which were unrecognized in the high-risk group by 62%, and decreased the major CVD events by 8% in the study (39). Appropriate risk stratification equals proper distribution of resources, which means that those with the highest risk have the clearest indication for various technologies. In another field, lung age was developed via a pulmonary function test that compares the expected effects of aging on the pulmonary system and the presumed additional damage from tobacco smoke inhalation. Lung age is a tool to motivate people to quit smoking. A previous study reported that providing patients with their lung age was associated with higher quit rates than the general smoking cessation protocol (40). Such evidence points out the promising role of ECG-age on motivating patients to conduct a lifestyle modification. If there is more precise risk stratification, we can detect CVD earlier and provide more precise medical interventions, which achieve a better prognosis and reduce medical costs. Some limitations of this study should be mentioned. First, this is a hospital-based retrospective study. The included samples were collected from our physical examination center, which could not represent the community-based studies. Yet, we used open access cohort databases to improve this problem, and similar results were found that high residual correlated with a higher hazard ratio of mortality. Second, there was a lack of a gold standard for the physiological age of the heart. We directly used ECG to predict chronological age, which was based on the assumption of the same aging speed of chronological age and heart age. Third, transparency, explainability, and bias are the limitations of using AI algorithms. We tried to use class activation mappings and attention mechanism to improve the explainability and provide a new figure to demonstrate it. Fourth, biological age is the accumulation of time, genetic, environment, lifestyle, and other unknown variables that affect aging. Our electronic medical records did not store this information, which may influence the biological age. This single-center study included a limited number of cases. Although the performance of our DLM has achieved the state-of-art results of previous studies, larger multicenter validations are needed. Finally, the Cox regression analyses in some outcomes of interest, such as the new-onset AF and the new-onset HTN, violated the proportional hazard assumption. Although similar risk curves were presented in all analyses that patients with the higher difference between ECG-age and chronologic age had a higher risk of CVDs, we should emphasize this limitation for future applications in these two outcomes. In this study, we have achieved comparable accuracy to previous studies in age predictions (23–26). The ECG-age is correlated with mortality which was known by many heuristic studies (24–26). Here, we demonstrated that ECG-age was not only correlated with mortality but also extensive CVD-related outcomes. Although the future study may perform better to reduce the difference between predictions and actual value, this study still revealed a part of difference including an extensive biological meaning. Deep learning accelerates the production of new risk factor prediction models by integrating unstructured data. We have shown that DLM has the potential to provide additional prognostic information by one of the most widely used medical tests, the 12-lead ECG, which, with further study, could prove useful in a clinical context, both for risk prediction and for improving outcomes. Data Availability Statement The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s. Ethics Statement The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (IRB No. C202005055). Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements. Author Contributions C-HC, C-SL, Y-TL, and CL conceived the idea of the study and reviewed the manuscript for final submission. Y-SL and CL screened the studies and performed data extraction. C-HC and CL drafted the manuscript. All authors were involved in the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. All authors have seen and approved the manuscript and have contributed significantly to the work. This study was supported by funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 108-2314-B-016-001 to CL, MOST 109-2314-B-016-026 to CL, MOST110-2314-B-016-010-MY3 to CL, and MOST 106-2314-B-016-038-MY3 to C-SL), the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan (TSGH-C107-007-007-S02 to C-SL), the National Science and Technology Development Fund Management Association, Taiwan (MOST 108-3111-Y-016-009 and MOST 109-3111-Y-016-002 to CL), and the Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taiwan (CHNDMC-109-19 to CL and CHNDMC-110-15 to CL). Conflict of Interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher's Note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. We would like to thank the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan for providing statistical and data support for the successful completion of this project. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.754909/full#supplementary-material CVD, cardiovascular disease; ECG, Electrocardiography; DLM, deep learning model; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AI, artificial intelligence; SCORE, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation; ECG-age, ECG-based heart age; BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; CI, conference interval; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under curve; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG, triglycerides; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; K, potassium; Na, sodium; Cl, chloride; Ca, calcium; Alb, albumin; GLU, glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; WBC, white blood cell count; PLT, platelet; Hb, hemoglobin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 1. 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(2019) 4:e189–99. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30023-4 Keywords: artificial intelligence, electrocardiography, deep learning, cardiovascular diseases, chronological age Citation: Chang C-H, Lin C-S, Luo Y-S, Lee Y-T and Lin C (2022) Electrocardiogram-Based Heart Age Estimation by a Deep Learning Model Provides More Information on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disorders. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9:754909. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.754909 Received: 07 August 2021; Accepted: 05 January 2022; Published: 08 February 2022. Edited by: Ruan Kruger, North-West University, South AfricaReviewed by: Vito Starc, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaGiulia Barbati, University of Trieste, Italy Copyright © 2022 Chang, Lin, Luo, Lee and Lin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. *Correspondence: Chin Lin, firstname.lastname@example.com
East African Trypanosormasis Research Organisation, Sfunyanga, Tanganyika (Received 6 July 1956) Preliminary to an investigation of the water balance of tsetse flies some experiments were carried out to determine the effect of humidity on general activity. Observa-tions previously made on this aspect of behaviour (Jack, 1939; Mellanby, 1936) have been too cursory to admit of general conclusions. Most of the experiments were carried out with Glossina morsitans Westwood. The flies were introduced into glass dishes about 20 cm. in diameter and 7 cm. high, one fly to each dish. The dishes were covered with glass lids and fitted with false floors of muslin stretched on wire frames about 2 cm. below the lids. Underneath the false floor were a number of small receptacles for solutions of potassium hydroxide or calcium chloride which controlled the humidity of the chamber. The chambers were placed at the bottom of a box lined with white paper, twelve chambers being used for each experiment. Continuous with the sides of the box were black curtains hung on a four-sided frame which had at its centre supports for a reflector and lamp. The lamp was about 2 m. from the top of the behaviour chambers, and the intensity of illumination was varied by using stronger or weaker globes. A water filter was interposed below the reflector to absorb heat radiation. Under these conditions tsetse flies were found to be extremely inactive; quite often a fly would stay in the same place for 10 hr. or more. To get an estimate of activity it was clearly necessary to use extended periods of observation. The procedure finally adopted was to record the position of flies relative to grids marked out on the lid of each dish. Readings were taken at 10 min. intervals every alternate hour from 08.00 to 17.00 hr.; this gave a total of thirty position records for each fly, and from these an empirical measure of activity was derived, namely, the number of records which showed a change in position of flies during the preceding 10 min. expressed as a percentage of the total number of changes which could have been recorded, i.e. thirty. This measure will be referred to as the percentage activity and gives an indication of the frequency with which flies tend to move under different conditions. During the greater part of this investigation temperature could not be controlled and it would rise in the course of an experiment from about 25 to about 300 C. Later on a constant-temperature room became available and a series of experiments was carried out at 25° C. (see Table 2); the results differed in no way from those obtained earlier. The activity of teneral flies (that is, flies which have not yet had a blood meal) was invariably high during the early morning, falling to a minimum about noon and rising again to high levels at 17.00 hr. when experiments were discontinued. These fluctuations occurred whether the temperature was constant or not, and they may represent some inherent rhythm of activity. But for the purpose of studying the effect of humidity they have been ignored, and values represent the mean activity for the experimental period as a whole. RESULTS (1) The effect of humidity on activity Fig. 1 a shows the activity of unfed G. morsitans at different humidities, and it is clear that the flies are more active in dry than in wet air. In the terminology of Fraenkel & Gunn (1940) the tsetse shows an orthokinetic reaction to humidity, with the eccritic humidity at or near saturation. It must be emphasized that only one part of the orthokinetic complex is dealt with by present methods (Ewer & Bursell, 1950); whether the speed of movement as well as the frequency of move-ment is affected by humidity has not been determined. The high level of activity in dry air as compared with wet is maintained through-out the experimental period. In other words, sensory adaptation is not involved in the orthokinetic reaction, or if it is, it occurs too rapidly to be detected by present methods. The relation between activity and humidity is influenced by the physiological state of the insect. If flies are tested on the day after emergence the increase in activity with decreasing humidity is more or less rectilinear (see Fig. 1 a, curve E^. If they are kept till the second day after emergence the activity is increased at all humidities below saturation; that is, the intensity of the reaction, as measured by the difference between activity in wet and dry air, is increased (Fig. 1 a, curve Et). Three-day-old tenerals tend to be still more active in dry air, but differences could not be statistically established, and the results have not been included in the graph. Fig. 1 b shows the effect of starvation on the humidity reaction of flies which have had one blood meal. On the day after a feed the flies are almost completely in-active, moving on an average once in 15 hr. (see curve Fx). Flies tested 2 days after a feed are somewhat more active, but as yet there is no effect of humidity on activity (F2). On the third day after feeding the orthokinetic reaction is well established (F9) and it increases with further starvation (F^). This is reflected in a disproportionate increase in activity at 80 % R.H. as compared with lower humidities; the result is a hyperbolic rather than a rectilinear relation between humidity and activity (see Fig. 1, curves E2 and Ft). A change of this kind would have the effect of aggregating the animals more efficiently in regions near the eccritic humidity. 4 0 , -20 40 50 80 Relative humidity 100 0 20 40 60 80 Relative humidity Fig. 1. The effect of humidity on the activity of G. morsitani. (a), the activity of unfed flies. Elt 1 -day-old flies; Et, 2-day-old flies. Flies were maintained at 80 % R.H. after emergence; 15-20 different flies were used at each humidity. AU differences greater than 4 are significant at the 0-05 level of probability, (b), the activity of flies after the first blood meal. Fu 1 day after feed; Ft, 2 days after feed, etc. Flies were maintained at 50 % R.H. after feeding; ten different flies were used at each humidity. All differences greater than 8 are significant at the 0-05 level of probability. Table i. The intensity of the orthokinetic reaction of 2-day-old flies after starvation at different humidities Starved in Activity (%) 15-8 12-9 8 8 Water content 7i-oo±-84 74-74 ±-26 Fat content I4"5±i'9 I2.O±I-7 i-co S.B. = standard error of the difference. Water content is given as a percentage of fatless weight; fat content as a percentage of dry weight. In this and subsequent tables N is the number of different flies used at each humidity; since each fly gives thirty position records the total number of records at each humidity in the above table is 240; given this figure, the raw data, that is, the number of' active' and ' inactive' records, can be calculated for any experiment. (2) The effect of light on the orthokinetic reaction The experiments described above were carried out with a 300 W. globe as the source of illumination. The same results were obtained with 100 and 75 W. globes, the difference between activities in wet and dry air being 15-0 and 11-7% re-spectively (N= 10 and P = o o i in both cases); but at still lower light intensities the orthokinetic reaction disappears completely—with a 40 W. globe the difference between activities in wet and dry air was 1-7% (N= 10; P=o-j), and at intensities so low that the flies could only just be seen it was 2-5 % (iV= 12; P=o-$). This abolition of the humidity reaction at low light intensities appears to be an all-or-nothing effect, since the intensity of the reaction does not increase and decrease progressively above and below the critical intensity. An absolute measure of the critical intensity could not be made, but using a Weston Light Meter it was found to be equivalent to the light from a cloudless sky at sunset (i.e. about 12 units). The effect of low light intensities in abolishing the orthokinetic reaction was confirmed by determining the activity of blinded flies in dry and wet air (see Table 2A); the general level of activity was reduced by the treatment, but there was no difference between activities in wet and dry air. Bunding of the compound eyes alone had the same effect as blinding both compound eyes and ocelli, whilst blinding of the ocelli alone had no effect on the orthokinetic reaction. It is clear that light exerts its effect on the humidity reaction by way of the compound eyes. The breakdown of the orthokinetic reaction of G. morsitans at low light in-tensities is perhaps related to the markedly diurnal habits of this species (see, for example, Nash, 1933); in insects which display reluctance to move during the night the persistence of a kinetic reaction to humidity after dark would be of little value. Table 2. The effect of blinding on the kinetic reaction to humidity 1. Complete blinding 3. Compound eyes blinded 3. Ocelli blinded 4. Ocelli extirpated 5. Control* B. 10 W. 1. Ocelli blinded 2. Ocelli extirpated 3. Controls % Activity 37-8 5i-7 37-2 39-4 49-5 31-1 14-4 33-3 24-3 4°-S 17-3 3i-7 46-6 25-5 Diff. 3-4 + 6-i 13-5 II'Z 19-9 7-7 3-9 S-6 P o-5 O-3 o-oi O-05 O-OI o-i 0-7 0-3 Flies were kept for 1 \ days after emergence in 70 % R.H.; they were blinded with a mixture of paraffin wax and Sudan Black and allowed 24 hr. to recover from operative shock. All experiments were carried out in a constant-temperature room at 25° C. N=6 throughout (3) The humidity receptors An attempt was made to identify the receptors responsible for the orthokinetic reaction, and the results of all experiments are shown in Table 3. The effect of each treatment was determined with reference to a concurrently tested control group. Table 3. The effect of various treatments on the intensity of the kinetic reaction to humidity Antennae covered with paraffin wax: Experimental Control Dealation: Experimental Control Tarsi covered with ' Duco': Experimental Spiracular niters extirpated: Experimental Control % activity O% R.H. 2O-0 21-2 22-5 24-2 28-6 23-0 46-S 29" I 1 1 4 1 1 9 1 0 3 1 3 6 1 5 0 N 1 2 16 1 3 1 2 IO 1 3 14 14 Diff. 15-3 9-8 io-6 1 3 9 9-0 9 4 -o-6 14-1 p <o-oi <o-oi <o-oi <o-oi <o-oi <o-oi 0-7 <o-oi Covering the antennae with wax caused a decrease in the general level of activity; but there was still a marked orthokinetic reaction, the difference between activity in wet and dry air being, if anything, greater than in the controls. The depressive effect of the treatment may perhaps be ascribed to the damping of a whole afferent field, leading to a decrease in central nervous tone; but it is clear that the receptors concerned with the kinetic reaction to humidity are not a part of this sensory field. Thin-walled sense organs occur on the leading edges of the wings (Dr C. T. Lewis, personal communication), and on the tarsi (Lewis, 1954); but neither of these types of receptors are responsible for the orthokinetic reaction, since an affect of humidity on activity persists after the wings have been removed and after the tarsi have been lacquered with 'Duco'. The thoracic spiracles of the tsetse fly are guarded by rows of branched hairs, the ' Reusenhaare' of Geigy & Huber (1952). To extirpate these spiracular filters they were first imbedded in droplets of paraffin wax melted on the loop of an electrically heated wire, and then scraped off with a flattened and sharpened needle. Flies treated in this way showed a marked increase in activity at all humidities, but the higher the humidity the greater the increase, so that there was no difference between activity in wet and dry air. This experiment has been repeated under different conditions of illumination with the same result. The operation had no apparent effect on the well-being of the flies; they were able to feed normally and lived as long as control flies under given conditions. Nor was the rate of water loss of operated flies greater than that of controls, showing that there has been no interference with spiracular control of water loss (see Bursell, 1956). It seems reasonable to conclude that these spiracular filters are the receptors responsible for the kinetic reaction to humidity. The spiracular filters have been described and figured by Geigy & Huber (1952); the hairs of thoracic filters consist of stout main stems carrying a number of short side branches, the whole beset with numerous, fine needle-Hke processes which interlace with those of neighbouring stems. In section the thicker branches are seen to be hollow and they contain, both in old and young flies, a great deal of cellular material. Many of the cells are of typical sensory type with granular cytoplasm, large nucleus and conspicuous nucleolus, and resemble in every respect such sensory cells as occur for instance in association with antennal sense organs. In some cases what appear to be exceedingly fine nerve fibres can be seen to have their origin in these cells. The histology of the thoracic spiracular filter is thus consistent with the view that they are of the nature of sense organs. of closure of spiracles (Bursell, 1956); and thence, at a given humidity, the drier the conditions to which the humidity receptors are exposed. The observed increase in the frequency of movement during starvation in unsaturated air (see Fig. 1) is perhaps a reflexion of this phenomenon, assuming that spiracular control occurs during rest as well as during activity. Furthermore, the difference in degree of spiracular closure between 1 and 2-day-old flies is greater at about 80 % R.H. than at lower humidities; this is in accord with the observation that at this humidity occurs the greatest increase in activity. It seems that the changes in intensity and form of the orthokinetic reaction described in § (1) may be a simple consequence of the association of humidity receptors with the thoracic spiracles. The results of extirpation experiments show that impulses from the humidity receptors cause central inhibition of locomotion; for when these impulses are cut off by destroying the sense organs, the level of activity is increased. An analogous situation seems to hold for Ptinus tectus in which elimination of the humidity receptors causes an increase in the activity of the insect at the eccritic humidity (Bentley, 1949). In Tenebrio, on the other hand, the orthokinetic mechanism appears to be based on excitation in so far as the removal of humidity receptors causes a decrease in activity in wet air (the insect has a dry preference) (Pielou, 1946), and the same applies to the reaction away from saturation in Peripatopsis (Bursell & Ewer, 1950). (4) The orthokinetic reaction in different species [image:7.451.63.389.484.603.2]The effect of humidity on activity has been studied in five species of tsetse; the results for 2-day-old flies are shown in Table 4. In all the activity is greater in dry than in wet air; G. pallidipes Austen has a significantly stronger reaction than the other members of the morsitans group. The reaction intensity of G. palpaHs fuscipes (Robineau-Desvoidy) is intermediate, but the general level of activity is twice as high as in the other species. Since this difference cannot be demonstrated in the dark, it is thought to represent an intolerance on the part of a forest fly to the high light intensities used in the experiments. Table 4. The orthokinetic reaction in different species of tsetse fly, two days after emergence I. Morsitans group: G. morsitans morsitans G. noyrmtrtom G. austem G. pallidipes II. Palpalii group G. palpalis fusdpes % activity 23 24 33 48 9 14 18 20 14 10 15 28 20 16 8 12 (5) Difference between the sexes Table 5 shows that in unfed flies there is no significant difference of activity between male and female flies; but in fed flies the males are more active than the females. These results are in accord with field experience; for instance, Jackson (1946), working with an isolated generation of G. morsitans, showed that whilst there is little difference in the activity of male and female before the first blood meal, in later life the females are relatively inactive. They are contrary to the findings of Mellanby (1936), that newly emerged females are much more active than newly emerged males of G. palpalis. Table 5. The percentage activity of males and females G. nayrmertoni unfed G. mortitant unfed G. morsitaru fed % Activity 18-4 16-1 19-8 ao-6 14-9 16-0 15 45 54 0-5-0-3 0-5-0-3 The values represent the sum of activities at three different humidities. There is still some doubt about the natural habits of the East African tsetse flies. Most field studies are based on the behaviour of the non-teneral male in its relation to a catching party. Where it perches and how it behaves in the absence of such catching parties are still open questions. This paucity of information makes it difficult to relate laboratory studies to the life of flies in the field. But the problem may be approached from another angle, by asking what are the environmental conditions obtaining in the field to which any response of the fly must be related. Taking the savannah flies as an example, the answer as far as humidity is concerned seems to be that differences between different parts of the habitat are very slight, probably of the order of 10% R.H., if that (see, for example, Buxton & Lewis, 1934, Fig. 13). The humidity of special sites, such as rot holes, may differ more from that of the general environment, but flies are very rarely encountered in such sites (Burtt, 1955). Thus there is an apparent discrepancy between the occurrence of a well-marked orthokinetic reaction to humidity on the one hand, and on the other the lack of opportunity under natural conditions of encountering differences in humidity sufficiently great to make such a reaction of significance. This anomaly could be resolved by considering the possible effect of the fly on the microclimate of its perching place. The normal rate of water loss of a resting tsetse fly is about o-i6mg./hr. (unpublished observation), and, since 1 c.c. of saturated air at 250 C. contains about 0-02 mg. of water, in 10 min. enough water would be lost to saturate 1-3 c.c. of air. A fly selects a perching place in response perhaps to visual and tactile °*;""''•'• if that perching place is exposed so that the water lost from the fly is rapidly dissipated, the air surrounding the fly will remain dry and the orthokinetic reaction will come into play to ensure that the insect moves quickly to another site. If, on the other hand, the fly perches in a well-protected crevice in the bark of a tree (Swynnerton, 1921; Lamborn, 1916), the water vapour lost may be to some extent retained in the vicinity of the fly, the ambient atmosphere will become moist and activity will be inhibited. In other words, there seems a possibility that the tsetse fly may produce its own microclimate as far as humidity is concerned, and that the significance of the orthokinetic reaction is to be sought in these terms. An investigation is in progress of the transpiration of resting tsetse flies in still and moving air, and it is hoped that results will throw further light on this possibility. In addition an attack is being made by this Organisation on the vexed question of natural perching places, and the extent to which sheltered places are frequented by flies in the field will be investigated. 1. The activity of hungry tsetse flies is greater in dry air than in wet, and the intensity of this orthokinetic reaction increases in the course of desiccation. 2. The orthokinesis is abolished at low light intensities; this effect of light is mediated by the compound eyes. 3. The thoracic spiracular filters are the sense organs responsible for the kinetic reaction to humidity. My thanks are due to Mr Yahya Mohamed for his careful preparation of histo-logical material; to Prof. D. W. Ewer, Dr R. F. Ewer, Dr J. P. Glasgow and Mr D. L. Johns for helpful discussion of the manuscript; and to the late Dr C. H. N. Jackson for his constant support and encouragement. BENTLEV, E. W. (1949). The biology and behaviour of Ptimu tectus Boie (Coleoptera, Ptinidae), a pest of stored products. V. Humidity Reactions, jf. Exp. Biol. 30, 152-8. BURSELL, E. (1956). Spiracular control of water loss in the tsetse fly. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. (in the Press). BURSELL, E. & EWER, D. W. (1950). On the reactions to humidity of Peripatopsis Mwseleyi (Wood-Mason). J. Exp. Biol. 36, 335-53-BURTT, E. (1955). Quoted in Ann. Rep. E.A.T.T.R.R.O. Tsetse Research (Jackson, C. H. N., 13-31), Nairobi. BUTTON, P. A. & LEWIS, D. J. (1934). Climate and tsetse flies: Laboratory studies upon Glotsina rubmortitaru and tachmoides. Phil. Trans. B, 324, 175-240. EWER, D. W. & BURSELL, E. (1950). A note on the classification of elementary behaviour patterns. Behaviour, 3, 40—7. FRAENKEL, G. & GUNN, D. L. (1940). The Orientation of Animals. Oxford: Clarenden Press. GEIGY, R. & HUBER, M. (1952). Untersuchungen ilber Bau und Funktion der Stigmen bei ver-schiedenen Glossina-Arten und bei Stomoxys calcitrans. Acta trop., Basel, 9, 233-63. JACK, R. W. (1939). Studies on the physiology and behaviour of Glossina morsitans Westw. Mem. Dep. Agric. S. Rhod. no. 1. JACKSON, C. H. N. (1946). An artificially isolated generation tsetse flies (Diptera). Bull. Ent. Res. 37, LAIUBORN, W. A. (1916). Third report on Gloaina investigations in N vasal and. Bull. Ent. Res. 7, LEWIS, C. T. (1954). Studies concerning the uptake of contact insecticides I. The anatomy of the tarsi of certain Diptera of medical importance. Bull. Ent. Res. 45, 711—22. MBIXANBY, K. (1936). Experimental work with the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis in Uganda. Bull. Ent. Res. 37, 611-33. NASH, T. A. M. (1933). The ecology of Glossina mortitans Westw., and two possible methods for its destruction. Bull. ent. Res. 24, 107—95. PIELOU, D. P. (1946). The humidity behaviour of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio motitor L. II. The humidity receptors. J. Exp. Biol. 17, 295-306. SWYNNERTON, C. F. M. (1921). An examination of the tsetse problem in North Mossurise, Portu-guese East Africa. Bull. Ent. Res., II, 315-85. WiGGLESWORTH, V. B. (1953). The Principles of Insect Physiology. London.
Gout treatments usually involve medications for both short-term and long-term management. A patient who is suffering from an acute gout attack should get an immediate treatment. In this case, medications can be used to relieve the pain and stop the acute joint inflammation caused by gouty arthritis. For the long-term management, medications are usually aimed to prevent the severity of gouty arthritis attacks in the future as well as to avoid the complications that may appear such as the development of tophi from urate crystal deposits, kidney stones, and joint destruction. Gout medications to treat acute attacks may include: - Pain relievers. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or other more potent analgesics can be used to relieve the intense pain of gout. - Anti-inflammatory agents. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids are used to reduce joint inflammation. 1) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are commonly prescribed to treat acute gout attacks, since they can reduce the joint inflammation effectively. NSAIDS may be prescribed at maximum dosage in the beginning to stop an acute attack, and then reduced as symptoms subside. NSAIDs include over-the-counter options such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen (Aleve, others), and more-powerful prescription NSAIDs such as indomethacin (Indocin). Side effects of NSAIDS include irritation of the gastrointestinal system, ulceration of the stomach and intestines, and even intestinal bleeding. 2) Colchicine. Colchicine is used to control acute attacks of gout and to prevent recurrent acute attacks. It can effectively relieve gout pain by reducing inflammation. Your doctor may prescribe colchicines, if you're unable to take NSAIDs. Some patients taking colchicine may develop diarrhea or have a greatly reduced number of white blood cells. 3) Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, like prednisone, are powerful anti-inflammatory agents to treat acute gout, and can be used for patients who cannot take NSAIDs or colchicine. They can be administered orally (in pill form) or injected directly into the inflamed joint. Long-term use of corticosteroids is not suggested due to its serious long-term side effects. The side effects of corticosteroids may include thinning bones, poor wound healing and a decreased ability to fight infection. Your doctor will help you reduce the risk of these side effects by trying to find the lowest dose that controls your symptoms and prescribe steroids for the shortest possible time. Aspirin should be avoided since it can abruptly change uric acid levels and may make symptoms worse. Medications that manage the underlying causes of hyperuricemia and gout (such as the elevated levels of uric acid), and reduce the risk of gout-related complications (such as the formation of tophi from urate crystal deposits) include: 1) Uric acid-lowering medications. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, including allopurinol (Aloprim, Lopurin, Zyloprim) and febuxostat (Uloric), control the levels of uric acid in your body. Allopurinol lowers the blood uric acid level by inhibiting uric acid production. It blocks the metabolic conversion from purines into uric acid. This medication should be used with caution in patients with poor kidney function, as it may also develop side effects, including rash and liver damage. Febuxostat was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the chronic management of hyperuricemia from gout in 2009. Febuxostat is considered effective in preventing acute gout attacks and in shrinking tophi deposits of uric acid in the tissues such as the fingers, elbows, and ears. The side effects of febuxostat include rash, nausea and reduced liver function. While taking febuxostat, the patient's uric acid levels and liver function are monitored regularly. These medications are used to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur. Even xanthine oxidase inhibitors may trigger a new, acute attack if taken before a recent attack has totally resolved. But if patients are already taking these medications, they are maintained at the same doses during the acute attacks. In some patients, increasing the dose of uric-acid-lowering medications can precipitate gout attacks.. 2) Uricosuric agents. These drugs (including probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone) are prescribed for chronic gout and gouty arthritis. They lower uric acid levels in the blood by improving uric acid excretion in the urine. Uricosuric agents are never started during a gout attack. They can be used to prevent gout attacks, but not to treat them once they occur. The side effects of probenecid may include a rash, stomach pain and kidney stones. Patients with a history of kidney stones might consider to avoid these drugs. Taking these medications with plenty of fluid can promote the rapid passage of uric acid out of the urinary system in order to prevent kidney stone formation. All of the aforementioned medications may be used in combination, to control symptoms, prevent future attacks, and maintain healthy uric acid levels. But here is a thing you must always keep in mind: consult a doctor before taking any of those medications. Seek medical care immediately if you have a fever and a joint is hot and inflamed, which can be a sign of infection. Other gout treatments that can be applied involve lifestyle changes, like limiting or avoiding the consumption of high-purine foods/ beverages, moderate exercises, losing weight, and avoiding medications that contribute to hyperuricemia, including diuretics.
Cellular junctions play a critical role in structural connection and signal communication between cells in various tissues. Although there are structural and functional varieties, cellular junctions include tight junctions, adherens junctions, focal adhesion junctions, and tissue specific junctions such as PECAM-1 junctions in endothelial cells (EC), desmosomes in epithelial cells, and hemidesmosomes in EC. Cellular junction dysfunction and deterioration are indicative of clinical diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ~20 nucleotide, noncoding RNAs that play an important role in posttranscriptional regulation for almost all genes. Unsurprisingly, miRNAs regulate junction protein gene expression and control junction structure integrity. In contrast, abnormal miRNA regulation of junction protein gene expression results in abnormal junction structure, causing related diseases. The major components of tight junctions include zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, claudin-5, and occludin. The miRNA regulation of ZO-1 has been intensively investigated. ZO-1 and other tight junction proteins such as claudin-5 and occludin were positively regulated by miR-126, miR-107, and miR21 in different models. In contrast, ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin were negatively regulated by miR-181a, miR-98, and miR150. Abnormal tight junction miRNA regulation accompanies cerebral middle artery ischemia, brain trauma, glioma metastasis, and so forth. The major components of adherens junctions include VE-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, P120, and vinculin. VE-cadherin and β-catenin were regulated by miR-9, miR-99b, miR-181a, and so forth. These regulations directly affect VE-cadherin-β-catenin complex stability and further affect embryo and tumor angiogenesis, vascular development, and so forth. miR-155 and miR-126 have been shown to regulate PECAM-1 and affect neutrophil rolling and EC junction integrity. In focal adhesion junctions, the major components are integrin β4, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Integrin β4 has been regulated by miR-184, miR-205, and miR-9. Paxillin has been regulated by miR-137, miR-145, and miR-218 in different models. FAK has been regulated by miR-7, miR-138, and miR-135. Deregulation of miRNAs is caused by viral infections, tumorigenesis, and so forth. By regulation of posttranscription, miRNAs manipulate junction protein expression in all cellular processes and further determine cellular fate and development. Elucidation of these regulatory mechanisms will become a new alternative therapy for many diseases, such as cancers and inflammatory diseases. 1. Introduction Cellular junctions are connective structures between cells existing in various tissues, such as epithelium, endothelium, and intestine. Although the cellular junction components and types may vary in different tissues, the majority of components in junctions are similar. Cellular junctions usually have tight junctions, adherens junctions, and focal adhesion junctions. In the endothelium, two identical PECAM-1s also form a junction and stabilize the major junctions. In addition to barrier function, some junction proteins, such as connexins, form a junction between cells which functions as an ion or water exchange channel (connexon). Integrins associate with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin to form a focal adhesion complex, anchoring cells on the basal membrane. The focal adhesion complex also functions as a mechanical sensor which transduces extracellular signal into an intracellular downstream signaling pathway. Thus, these cellular junctions regulate cell function in their own ways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs typically ~20 nucleotides in length and transcribed by RNA polymerase II from individual miRNA genes or coding gene introns. Most miRNAs are associated with RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and destabilize or inhibit target mRNA translation via binding to the 3′ untranslated terminal (3′UTR). miRNAs provide precise posttranscriptional control of target gene mRNA. Dysfunctional miRNA causes an abnormally high transcription level of the target mRNA and related clinical consequences. The large number and variable function of miRNA identified to date indicate that miRNAs are involved in a vast array of cellular processes, including development, growth, and tumorigenesis [1, 2]. However, the importance of miRNAs for cellular junction gene transcription has not been fully characterized. Here, we review the important role of miRNAs in the processes of endothelial junction protein transcription and clinical relationships. It will help us to better understand the mechanism behind miRNA regulation of endothelial junctions and provide alternative therapies for the diseases caused by endothelial junction abnormality. 2. Tight Junction Proteins 2.1. Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1)/Occludin/Claudin-5 miRNA regulation of tight junctions has been systemically reviewed [3], and more miRNAs have been found involving tight junction expression. Moreover, the clinical consequence of miRNA regulation has not been reviewed, particularly endothelial tight junction regulation. miRNA-107 abrogated the amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein-induced disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and endothelial cell dysfunction. 3-UTR assay showed that endophilin-1 mRNA is the direct target of miR-107, which further affected endothelial junction by upregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 [4]. The rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model showed that MCAO significantly increased BBB permeability in MCAO area. The expression of claudin-5 was decreased in MCA ischemic areas after upregulation of miR-150. Dual-luciferase assay confirmed that miR-150 directly regulated angiopoietin receptor Tie2 and then downregulated claudin-5 [5]. Deletion of miR-150 or knockout miR-150 caused irreversible increase in vascular permeability in mouse and cell model [6]. Interestingly, miR-21 increased in the brain following traumatic brain injury, promoting junction protein expression and exerting a protective effect on BBB by activating Ang-1/Tie2 axis [7]. In vitro and in vivo models showed that miR-98 negatively regulated tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1, by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) [8]. Diabetes (DM) rats had significant decrease in miR-126, claudin-5, occluding, and ZO-1 expression and worsened blood retinal barrier. Niaspan treatment reversed these deleterious effects and enhanced miR-126 level. This observation indicated that miR-126 plays an important role in the Niaspan-mediated antidiabetic effect and enhances endothelial barrier by targeting tight junction protein expression [9]. In glioma ECs, upregulation of miR-181a targeted Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), downregulating ZO-1, occluding, and claudin-5, and increased permeability of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) [10]. Similarly, by targeting runt-related transcriptional factor 1 (RUNX1), miR-18a downregulated mRNA of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in glioma vascular endothelial cells (GECs) and increased the permeability of BTB [11]. In metastatic breast cancer cells, miR-105 downregulated ZO-1 and increased endothelial barrier permeability, although the underlying mechanism was unclear [12]. By targeting HIV-1 Tat protein C (HIV-1 Tat C), miR-101 downregulated VE-cadherin, further downregulated claudin-5, and changed BMVECs permeability [13] (Table 1). 3. Adherens Junction Proteins 3.1. VE-Cadherin The major components of adherens junctions include cadherins, β-catenin, plakoglobin, p120, and vinculin. These adherens proteins play an important role not only in cellular connection, but also in cellular signal exchange, contact-induced growth inhibition, and so forth [14]. Adherens junctions exist in all types of cellular connections and are relatively stable. As a major component of adherens junctions, E-cadherin (CDH1, existing in epithelium), VE-cadherin (CDH5, existing in vascular endothelium), and N-cadherin (CDH2, existing in neurons) have been extensively studied in past decades and miRNA regulation has been reported. miR-9 downregulated E-cadherin accompanying tumor metastasis or osteoblast differentiation [15, 16]. Early studies showed that miR-99b, miR-181a, and miR-181b potentiated the mRNA and protein expression of PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin accompanying differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to vascular endothelial cells [17]. miR-21 also regulated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation into ECs by directly targeting VE-cadherin [18]. miR-125b inhibited VE-cadherin translation and in vitro tube formation by tumor ECs [19]. Overexpression of miR-142a-3p resulted in loss of vascular integrity, hemorrhage, and vascular remodeling during zebrafish embryonic development, while loss of function of miR-142a-3p caused abnormal vascular remodeling. MiR-142a-3p functions in part by directly repressing VE-cadherin [20]. VE-cadherin also played a role in HIV-associated neurological disorders. HIV-1 Tat protein C increased the expression of miR-101, which led to downregulation of VE-cadherin and further caused an adverse effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability [13]. By directly targeting VE-cadherin, ectopic expression of miR-27a blocked capillary tube formation and angiogenesis [21]. MiR-302c and miR-26b-5p also showed similar function during hepatocarcinoma vascular tube formation [22, 23]. By regulation of signal pathways, such as TGF-β and TGF-β2 signal pathways, several miRNAs, such as miR-20a and miR-21, indirectly modulated adherens junction protein expression and endothelial-mesenchymal transition [18, 24] (Table 1). 3.2. β-Catenin β-Catenin is not only a central molecule of many signaling pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathway, but also a critical part of the VE-cadherin junction complex. By association with VE-cadherin, the β-catenin/VE-cadherin complex plays an important role in maintaining EC junction integrity. By far, of the majority of these studies focused on the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis or EMT [15, 25]. For example, miR-1826 level was much lower in bladder cancer (BC) cell lines compared to normal bladder cell lines. Transfection of miR-1826 into BC cells inhibited BC cell viability, invasion, and migration by interfering with the VEGF-β-catenin-ERK signaling pathway [26]. Downregulation of miR-23b triggered glioma growth inhibition, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion by inhibition of β-catenin/Tcf4 and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways [27]. Moreover, miRNA-184 downregulated β-catenin and deleteriously changed endothelial cell adherens junction structure and functions in HUVECs and HCE [28] (Table 1). PECAM-1 is specifically expressed in blood and endothelial cells. PECAM-1 on circulating platelets and leukocytes functions as an inhibitory receptor that limits cellular activation responses. However, PECAM-1 is highly expressed at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it functions as a mechanical sensor, regulator of leukocyte trafficking, and in the maintenance of endothelial junction integrity [29]. Inhibition of miR-155 improved neurological impairment of rats with cerebral infarction accompanying enhancement of PECAM-1 expression and EC junction integrity improvement [30]. Interestingly, polyphenolics inhibited high glucose-mediated inflammatory response and decreased PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein levels in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). MicroRNA screens indicated that miR-126 may be modulated by polyphenolics as the underlying mechanism to inhibit expression of PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 [31]. A hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia study resulted in lower levels of PECAM-1 mRNA and protein. MicroRNA screening indicated miRNAs may participate in the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, including PECAM-1 expression. However, the underlying mechanism of miRNA-mediated PECAM-1 regulation and clinical consequence has not yet been determined [32] (Table 1). 5. Focal Adhesion Junction Proteins 5.1. Integrin β4 In EC focal adhesion junctions, the major components include integrin β4, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Integrin β4 associates with integrin α6 to form a complex which anchors ECs on the basal membrane and functions as a mechanical sensor. Unlike other integrin β isoforms, integrin β4 has a unique long cytosolic domain which functions as a dock for tyrosine kinases, such as Src and Fny. Once integrin β4 receives stimulation from the basal membrane, its cytosolic domain recruits a tyrosine kinase and activates downstream signaling pathway. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studies in breast cancer (BC) samples indicated that an A allele of the SNP rs 743554 in the integrin β4 gene has strong association with oestrogen receptor-negative tumors and it is believed to affect binding efficiency with microRNAs. Compared with wild type genotype carriers, those with the A allele have a poor survival significantly associated with aggressive tumor characteristics: high grade, lymph node metastasis, and high stage [33]. MicroRNAs miR-184 and miR-205 competitively bind to the complementary sequences within the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of integrin β4 mRNA. Mutated miR-184 failed to compete with miR-205 for the overlapping target sites on the 3′ UTRs of integrin β4 and resulted in familial severe keratoconus [34]. MiR-205 also regulated tumor cell basal membrane deposits of lamin-332 and its receptor integrin β4 [35]. Silico analysis showed that miR-9 also regulated integrin β4 mRNA but had no experimental results validating it [36] (Table 1). 5.2. Paxillin Knockdown of paxillin or ectopic expression of miR-137 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vivo. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay validated paxillin as a direct target of miR-137 [37]. A similar inhibitory effect of miR-137 was also observed in a non-small cell lung cancer model [38]. MiR-145 also inhibited paxillin expression by binding to the paxillin mRNA 3′UTR. Higher expression of paxillin and lower expression of miR-145 were observed in colorectal cancer tissues than corresponding paracancerous tissue [39]. Among high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-infected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSSC), HPV16/18 infection was negatively associated with miR-218 expression and positively associated with paxillin expression. This observation indicated there is an inverse relationship between miR-218 and paxillin in HPV-infected OCSCC [40]. More interestingly, microRNAs have been found to modulate paxillin expression by epigenetic mechanisms [41, 42]. Alternatively, paxillin also functions as a regulator of microRNA expression, such as miR-125b, to further regulate tumorigenesis [43] (Table 1). 5.3. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is the key component of the focal adhesion complex, which links focal adhesions to the cytosolic signaling pathway. By modification of FAK, such as phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of tyrosine or serine, FAK transduces extracellular stimuli into downstream signaling, further regulating the cytoskeleton and cellular junction. miR-7 has been shown directly targeting FAK and is negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis staging in colon cancer (CC) [44, 45]. miR-543 level decreased in endometrial cancer cells and inversely correlated with mRNA levels of FAK and Twist homolog 1 (TWIST1) [46]. By binding with the 3′UTR of mRNA, miR-138 and miR-135 inhibited FAK protein expression in different cancer cell lines, such as HeLa cell, SW480, and A375 cell. Moreover, regulation of FAK expression by miR-135 and miR-138 also affected cancer cell invasion, drug sensitivity, and tumor growth in both in vitro and in vivo models [47]. Finally, by targeting an upstream kinase of FAK, some miRNAs indirectly regulate FAK phosphorylation status and further affect cell functions, such as junction integrity, cell growth, and migration [48] (Table 1). 6. Summary Junction proteins are groups of structural proteins involved in various critical cellular processes, including cellular connection and signal communication, cell growth, and migration. So far, endothelial junction integrity has shown to be involved in many diseases, such as edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tumor cell invasion. Accordingly, comprehensive understanding of cell junction protein regulation is crucial for both junction function study and clinical therapy. Among all of the regulatory mechanisms of junction protein expression, miRNAs have emerged as particularly promising targets for their structural and functional characteristics. In this review, we systemically reviewed the miRNAs and their targeting proteins of tight junctions, adherens junctions, focal adhesion junctions, and PECAM-1 junctions. Although some miRNAs –junction protein regulatory relationships were observed in models other than endothelial junctions, they still provide insights into understanding the importance of these miRNAs (Table 1). Moreover, the phenotypes of these regulatory miRNAs on targeting junction proteins are also presented and certainly help us better understand the importance of these miRNAs in clinical regards. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' Contributions Yugang Zhuang and Hu Peng equally contribute to this study. This work was supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China (NSFC-81671938, Hu Peng; NSFC-81270133, Weiguo Chen).
At the same time, the campaign aims to increase the responsibility of all road users and contribute to greater consideration and tolerance on the roads. Whether you are on a cycle path or on the road, the rules apply everywhere. And because children are road users just like anyone else, it is very important to teach them the rules of the road and how to behave properly on a bike from an early age. What are the basic rules we should teach children about cycling? 1. Safe riding starts with a safe bike Cycling is not just fun, it's a responsibility. Therefore, safe riding starts with a properly serviced and perfectly fitting bicycle that allows your children to sit safely and ride comfortably. This is crucial not only for their comfort, but also for their safety in the event of an unexpected situation. 2. Only wear a helmet on the bike. Don't go out on your bike without a helmet. A helmet is a safety feature that can save you and your child's health or life. It doesn't matter if you're just riding on a bike path with no people or your child is riding with friends on the street behind your house, a helmet is always a must. An accident can happen anywhere, anytime. Luck favors the prepared. 3. Be aware of visibility. An important rule of thumb for staying safe on the road is to see and be seen. Wear reflective clothing, reflectors and lights to make yourself more visible to drivers and other road users, even in the dark. Choose clothing in bright colours and don't forget reflective elements on your helmet or backpack. Always adapt your driving to the current road and traffic conditions. Always ride in such a way that you have a safe view of the road ahead. 4. If possible, ride on the cycle path. If a cycle path is not available, ride on the right at the edge of the road and keep an eye on traffic at all times. 5. The cyclist is the driver. Therefore, the same rules of the road apply to him as to cars. Therefore, always obey traffic signs and signals. 6. Be considerate of your surroundings. It is important to be considerate of other road users when cycling. Respect drivers, pedestrians and cyclists and be predictable in your behaviour. Adjust your speed to the situation and keep yourself and others safe. 7. Give way to pedestrians. Watch out at crosswalks and cycle paths that are combined - i.e. for pedestrians as well. Learning as a shared activity Children learn best by imitation. That is why we should set an example. Follow the rules of the road and show children how to behave properly on the road. Practice is a hundred times better than theory! Drive around with your children and teach them what the rules are and how to behave in a given traffic situation. First, start by practising in a quiet environment - ideally in a park or near your home. Gradually progress to busier environments and learn to handle more complex traffic situations. Always try to explain the rules in the simplest and clearest way possible. Let your child ride under close supervision until you are sure he or she can move safely on the road on his or her own. Not only in April The topic of road safety is very important. Remember that safe driving starts with ourselves. Together we can change the statistics and make cycling a safer and more fun activity for everyone! For children and adults. Because the love of cycling blossoms at every age.
Presidents Day is widely known within the U.S. on the third Monday of February, a day put aside to commemorate the birthdays of each President George Washington and President Abraham Lincoln. Over time, the federal vacation has shifted right into a industrial occasion, with many retailers providing gross sales on Presidents Day to tempt customers to open their wallets after the Christmas holidays. That occurred after Presidents Day was shifted completely to the third Monday in February within the early Seventies, making a everlasting three-day weekend. Consequently, gross sales campaigns soared, historian C. L. Arbelbide wrote within the Nationwide Archives' Prologue journal in 2004. "For advertisers, the Monday vacation change was the goose that laid the golden 'promotional' egg," Arbelbide famous. "Utilizing Labor Day advertising and marketing as a information, three-day weekend gross sales had been expanded to incorporate the brand new Monday holidays." Here is what to learn about Presidents Day, which falls on February 19 this yr, together with what's open and closed. What's Presidents Day? The official identify of the Presidents Day vacation is Washington's Birthday, created to mark George Washington's Feb. 22, 1732 birthday. Over time, the vacation has come to be identified informally as Presidents Day. Arguments have been made to honor President Lincoln as nicely as a result of his birthdate falls close by, on February 12. A small variety of states, together with Illinois, observe Lincoln's birthday as a public vacation, in accordance with the Library of Congress. And a few commemorate each Lincoln and Washington on Presidents Day. However on the federal stage, the day continues to be formally Washington's Birthday. Is Presidents Day a federal vacation? Sure, Presidents Day is one among 12 federal holidays celebrated in the US. Are shops open on Presidents Day? Typically, sure. Retailers have remodeled the vacation right into a industrial bonanza, dangling gross sales to lure customers to their shops and web sites. Presidents Day is very identified for gross sales on mattresses, furnishings and different residence items, though retailers starting from Amazon to Nike are providing gross sales at present. To see among the finest gross sales discovered by CBS Necessities, click on right here. Is Costco open on Presidents Day? Costco shuts its doorways on seven main holidays, together with Thanksgiving and Christmas. However the warehouse retailer is open on Presidents Day, because the February 19 vacation is not one of many seven Costco observes. Does the U.S. Postal Service ship mail on Presidents Day? As a result of Presidents Day is a federal vacation, the U.S. Postal Service is just not delivering mail on February 19, nor will its retail places be open for stamp purchases or different transactions. Is the inventory market open on Presidents Day? The U.S. inventory market is closed on Presidents Day, in accordance with the Securities Business and Monetary Markets Affiliation. Nonetheless, markets in different international locations are open at present, together with in Europe and China. Are banks open on Presidents Day? February 19 can be a vacation for the federal banking system, in accordance with the Federal Reserve. Due to that, most main U.S. banks will shut their retail branches on Monday, though ATMs and on-line banking will likely be obtainable. — With reporting by the Related Press.
Research team Asynchronous Krylov methods with deep pipelines. In recent years a major trend towards solving scientific problems of ever larger scales that include larger and larger data sets can be observed in practically all academic and industrial applications. These include the simulation of vast ocean circulation models, global climate prediction models, extremely fine-scale combustion models, etc. The representation of these models on a computer requires the solution of a large-scale system of equations that typically consists of millions of unknowns. Due to the huge size of these model calculations, computations are often spread across parallel computer platforms to reduce the time-to-solution. Krylov methods have been established as the benchmark iterative solvers for the sparse linear algebra problems that appear in these applications. However, Krylov methods are not adapted to scale to future parallel hardware due to the long communication latencies. Hence, new numerical methods have to be designed and analyzed mathematically. The aim of this project is to develop and analyze new scalable iterative methods based on asynchronous communication that hide the communication latency by overlapping compute and communication tasks. Furthermore we will develop blocked versions of these algorithms for problems where the same matrix equation needs to be solved for multiple right hand sides. Demonstrators will be built that show the performance improvements for a wide range of applications in data science and scientific computing.Researcher(s) - Promoter: Vanroose Wim - Co-promoter: Cools Siegfried - Fellow: Cornelis Jeffrey Research team(s) Project type(s) - Research Project
Buying a house with bad credit can be a challenge, but it is possible. Some buyers rule themselves out of owning a home due to a low credit score and limited cash for a down payment. We hope this article helps you see there are ways to become a homeowner, even if you have bad credit or little money down. This article answers questions like: - What is considered a 'bad' credit score? - Can a first-time homebuyer buy a house with bad credit or no money down? - What is the lowest credit score to buy a house in Wisconsin? - Can you buy a house with bad credit but a good income? - How to improve your credit? - What should you not do if you're trying to buy a house? What is a Credit Score? A credit score is a prediction of your credit behavior. Credit scores are a tool mortgage lenders use to predict how likely you are to pay your loan back on time. The FICO score is commonly used among lenders, and it is any credit score provided by the Fair Isaac Corporation. Another fairly common scoring model is the VantageScore. Applicants with a higher score are predicted to use credit wisely, while applicants with a bad credit score are seen as more of a risk. How to Find Out My Credit Score? While many online articles will send you to online credit monitoring companies to check your credit score, lenders have warned that this is not the best option to get an accurate score. FICO scores can differ depending on what type of application is applied for. Meeting with a lender to pull an accurate report is the best way to get your actual credit score and answer questions. The only true way to know your credit score is to apply for a mortgage with a trusted lender. FICO scores can differ depending on what type of application is applied for, so the scores we see online from credit monitoring companies and our credit cards aren't usually accurate. –TORI WOOLLEY, Loan Officer @ Summit Credit Union What is Considered a Bad Credit Score? FICO scores range between 300 and 850, and scores between 300-570 are considered poor. FICO scores are broken down into five categories: - Poor = 300-579 - Fair = 580-669 - Good = 670-739 - Very Good = 740-799 - Exceptional = 800-850 Can You Buy a House with a Poor Credit Score? Yes! Some individuals can do it right away, while others may need to take steps to build their credit first. There are many different lending options and house assistance programs today that can help make owning a home possible–even if you have a bad credit history. Is a 500 Credit Score Enough to Buy a House in Wisconsin? FHA has set a minimum FICO credit score of 500, but it requires a 10% down payment and it's difficult to find a lender who can approve applicants with a score around 500. If you want to qualify for an FHA loan with a 3.5% down payment, your FICO credit score must be at least 580. It's more common to find a lender who can approve a mortgage for someone with a credit score around 580. We share a bit more about FHA loans in Wisconsin below. The minimum score varies among lenders, so talking to several lenders can help you find the best financing option for your credit score. Here is a list of our tips for picking a good lender and our top loan officers. Do I Need 20% Down to Buy a House? No! It is a myth that you need 20% as a down payment to buy a house. Many of our clients bought houses in Wisconsin without a 20% down payment, so be encouraged there are other options if you want to buy a house but don't have 20% in cash, such as special grants, government loans, and down payment assistance programs. Can First-Time Home Buyers Buy a House with Bad Credit? First-time home buyers often believe they can't buy a house because they have bad credit. Thankfully, there are home buyer grants and government loans to consider. Check out your local resources to see what housing assistance programs are available for you. Our main office is in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, so we will link to several housing programs in our area, but these are likely available in your area too! Jefferson County Home Buyer Grants Down Payment Plus Program The Down Payment Plus Program in Jefferson County offers grants that do not need to be repaid up to $10,000. Your total debt-to-income ratio cannot exceed 45% without special bank approval. Home buyers must contribute at least $1,000 toward the purchase of the property, so although you'd need to come up with some money, we all know coming up with $1,000 is a lot easier than $50,000 or more! HOME Consortium Down Payment Assistance Program Another option in Jefferson County is the HOME Consortium Down Payment Assistance Program. This grant is for up to $10,000 and your total debt-to-income ratio cannot exceed 50%. There are income and other requirements for these programs, which you can learn more about here. Home buyer programs are something you should check out if you're concerned about buying a house with bad credit or little money down. FHA Loans FHA loans are another popular loan choice for first-time home buyers who have low credit scores or want a lower down payment. If you want the lower down payment option of 3.5%, you'll need a FICO credit score of 580 or higher. If you have a credit score between 500 and 580, you'll need a 10% down payment. These down payments can be gifted by a family member. Note: Your home will have to go through a home inspection and appraisal, but if bad credit is a concern, an FHA loan is one way to make your dream of owning a home a reality. Hopefully, you are working with an awesome local real estate agent to help guide you through all of these necessary steps. Learn more about FHA loan requirements. WHEDA Programs There are several programs available through the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA), including First Mortgage and Down Payment Assistance Programs. Through WHEDA, home buyers may also be able to finance a down payment. If interested, ask a trusted lender about a down payment assistance program. Learn more about WHEDA programs. Shine Realtors are eager to continue learning to better guide clients to home ownership. Below Amy Fosdick of Bank of Sun Prairie tells Shine Agents about WHEDA's Home Ownership Programs. How to Buy a House with Bad Credit but Good Income If you have a good income, the odds of buying a home increase greatly, even if you have bad credit. You may just need to find a good lender who has more flexibility in the loan approval process. Professionals Program Johnson Bank, for example, has a unique Professionals Program for individuals in certain career fields: - Residents - Fellows - Physical Assistants - Nurse Practitioners - Nurse Anesthetists - Anesthesiology Assistants - Veterinarians - Optometrists - Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) - Attorneys - Physical Therapists - Pharmacists - Chiropractors People in these fields may qualify for a zero-down payment loan with fixed-rate terms. The Professionals Program is a great option to consider for buying a house even if you have a low credit score or no down payment. Contact Diane Rue from Johnson Bank to learn more about this unique home buyer program. - Phone: (920) 568-5641 - Email: email@example.com Shop Around for the Right Mortgage Lender & Program Mortgage lenders are not all the same, and the loan products they can offer are not all the same. Many lenders have in-house programs that offer more flexibility than conventional or FHA programs. Taking the extra time to connect with a few mortgage lenders to find the best loan options for your situation will be time well invested. Tips from Mortgage Loan Officers for Home Buyers with Poor Credit "Meet with a lender early on even if you know you're not ready yet. Having an accurate picture of where you are currently and where you want to be can help you plan the steps you need to take and a timeline to get you in a house, instead of wasting time and money guessing." –TORI WOOLLEY, Loan Officer @ Summit Credit Union "Low credit scores almost always will be an FHA loan. If you have troubled credit and feel it's an error, it's important to talk to us so we can dispute the errors and get your credit score up in a timely manner. –TRAVIS ROMENS & DAN "THE MORTGAGE MAN" O'BRIEN, Loan Officers @ Educated Mortgage Services DON'T Do These Things if You Want to Buy a House Soon Some things can hurt your credit and chances of getting approved for a loan. So if you're looking to buy a house soon, avoid doing these things, if possible until after you've purchased your home: - going self-employed (lenders like to see at least two years of steady income) - switching jobs - taking out a car loan, boat loan, camper loan, etc. as these lower your debt-to-income ratio How to Improve Your Credit Score Before Buying a House Here are some ways you can increase your credit score. A higher credit score typically increases your chances of getting approved for a home loan. Check Your Credit Report for Errors Credit reports are not perfect, so it's a good idea to periodically check your credit report for errors that may be harming your credit score. Sometimes a simple correction on a credit report can be all you need to raise your credit score high enough to get that home mortgage. "Once we dispute the errors and corrections are made, we can do a rapid re-score and that score should increase. Reach out to a lender and we will advise on your options, how to get your credit in line, and set a timeline and expectations on how the process will go." –TRAVIS ROMENS & DAN "THE MORTGAGE MAN" O'BRIEN, Loan Officers @ Educated Mortgage Services Make Payments on Time and Pay Off Debt The best way to build your credit if a higher score is needed to get a loan is by making your payments on time and pay off your debts. Credit cards, vehicle loans, and other debts can be the hurdle that's standing in your way of buying a home. "Paying off debts and keeping your balance at or below 30% of the credit line will help credit scores go up." –TRAVIS ROMENS & DAN "THE MORTGAGE MAN" O'BRIEN, Loan Officers @ Educated Mortgage Services Make a Monthly Budget Finding the cash to pay off debts and build your credit might mean making a monthly budget–and sticking to it. Here are some tips about how to make a budget for beginners. Sometimes just being more intentional with where your money goes is all it takes to improve your credit. You Can Buy a House Even With Bad Credit or No Money Down There are likely other loan programs and grants available too; these are just several examples of how to make buying a home more affordable for people with all kinds of credit scores and incomes. So don't your credit history or lack of money stop you from pursuing the dream of owning a home. If you're renting or living with family and don't have a house to sell, it's good to know your offer can be more appealing to sellers than someone who has to sell their house first in order to purchase the new one. Contact our office today and we can help connect you with a good lender for your unique situation. Additional Resources for Buying a House in Wisconsin - Buyer's Guide – A FREE Guide to Buying Your 1st Home - 15 Frequently Asked Questions about Buying a House - 10 Questions to Consider Before Buying Land - 7 Unusual Ways to Afford Buying a House in Wisconsin - 5 Real Estate Apps Realtors Recommend (That Are Not Zillow) - What to Do if Hail Damages Your Home - Downsizing Tips to Help You Downsize Your Home Share With a Friend If you know someone who thinks they can't buy a house because of poor credit history, share this article with them. With some of these unique programs available, perhaps they can get into a house sooner than they thought. This post was originally published in 2023 and updated in 2024.
Allie Greenleaf Maldonado speaks at a public meeting to address a new Indian Child Welfare Act regulation. Photo from National Indian Child Welfare Act Association / Facebook Matthew Scraper, a member of the Cherokee Nation, questions opposition to a new Indian Child Welfare Act regulation proposed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs: Scraper is a Cherokee name. More specifically, it is an English translation of the Cherokee word "di-su-ga-s-gi," which means, "he scrapes it" (Thanks David Cornsilk). I am registered as 1/16 Cherokee through the BIA, which makes me a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. This is because, like many Native people, I have a number of ancestors who (for whatever the reason) didn't register. In reality I am therefore actually at least 1/8, and possibly 3/8—depending on the blood quantum of a deceased ancestor, the questions about which will never be able to be answered. The Cherokee Nation follows a method of enrollment known as "lineal descent." While some Nations require 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, or 1/4 blood quantum, combined with many other stringent rules about ancestors that must have been or must currently be enrolled members of the tribe, the Cherokee Nation (like many others) requires instead that we be descended from an original Dawes enrollee. The result of this policy provides for a strong future for our culture, as restrictions on tribal citizenship based upon blood quantum tend to have the unforeseen consequence of potentially endangering a tribe's existence. Herein begins my rant, which represents nothing more than my own opinion...that being that blood quantum does not define one's cultural identity. I recently heard someone mention, with surprise, that a Native person with 1/4 blood quantum claimed their native heritage. As a citizen of a tribal nation, you are not 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, etc... a citizen of that nation, no more or less than you can be 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, etc... a citizen of the United States of America. I, and other Native people like me (mixed-race or not) are citizens of the tribal nations in which we are enrolled because we were born into those nations, just as many are citizens of the United States because we are born into the United States of America (I fully recognize and support that citizenship in the US is available via additional means). One is not barred from claiming American culture because they are not an American "full-blood," just as one is not barred from claiming the heritage and culture of one's family because members of that family line represent additional races and/or cultures.Get the Story: Matthew Scraper: In Response to War of the Words: ICWA Hearings Reignite Ancient Battle Over Indian Children (Indian Country Today 5/23) Also Today: War of Words: ICWA Hearings Reignite Ancient Clash Over Indian Children, Part 1 (Indian Country Today 5/21) Federal Register Notices: Regulations for State Courts and Agencies in Indian Child Custody Proceedings (March 30, 2015) Guidelines for State Courts and Agencies in Indian Child Custody Proceedings (February 25, 2015) Join the Conversation Related Stories:Cherokee Nation father supports Indian Child Welfare Act rule (05/14) Allie Greenleaf Maldonado: My personal ICWA success story (5/8) BIA hopes to implement new ICWA regulation by end of year (5/8) Court rebuffs Cherokee Nation in Indian Child Welfare Act case (05/04) South Dakota defendants seek reconsideration in ICWA dispute (04/28) Column: Commission takes on truth and reconciliation in Maine (04/24) Alaska to make changes to Indian Child Welfare Act procedures (04/16) Stephen Pevar: Tribes and families fight back with ICWA lawsuit (04/15) Albert Bender: A landmark victory for Indian Child Welfare Act (04/14) Nebraska measure seeks to improve Indian Child Welfare Act (04/06) South Dakota authorities quiet on ruling in landmark ICWA case (04/01) Non-Indian adoption group disputes BIA's new ICWA guidelines (03/31) Tribes and families in South Dakota win big victory in ICWA case (03/31) Alaska requests more time to consider position in ICWA dispute (03/18) BIA schedules consultations and meetings for ICWA regulation (03/18) Native Sun News: Lakota children in 'imminent danger' in state (03/11) Alaska tribes want state to join rehearing request in ICWA case (03/09)
VR for Good Week: Raindance curator Mária Rakušanová takes us through her top picks Mainstream VR games, like console games before them, tend to appeal to our baser interests, our bad sides. Case in point: I've smashed cars, shot people off rooftops and kicked dinosaurs to death in virtual reality, and that's just on one platform. Some people, then, might be surprised to know that there's one category of VR experience that just won't be beaten down by the glossy space shooters and Hollywood promos that dominate the stores. VR for Good, social impact, VR documentary shorts – whatever you want to call them, they're still on the scene in 2018 and they're higher profile than ever. They're also incredibly varied, using experiments in comedy, live action, animation and super slow mo to tell stories and change minds. Read this: Can VR really be used to reduce pain? To celebrate the year's VR for Good highlights, we asked Mária Rakušanová, curator of the Immersive Stories and Interactive Worlds program at London Raindance Film Festival, to talk us through the most exciting 360-degree films and interactive experiences as well as what we can expect in 2019. The Evolution of Testicles The winner of Raindance's Best Social Impact Experience for 2018, and first shown at SXSW, The Evolution of Testicles is part of Oculus' VR for Good Creators Lab. In this case, director Ryan Hartsell worked with loveable actor Chris O'Dowd and the charity Male Cancer Awareness Campaign to create the eight minute short which features a scrotum-shaped hot air balloon. The teaser trailer's on YouTube (above) but you'll need an Oculus headset to watch the full VR short. "As the name suggests, the experience aims to raise awareness about testicular cancer, but does so through the medium of laughter (which really makes all the difference!), brilliantly delivered by Chris O'Dowd, who can pretty much make any topic sound hilarious," says Rakušanová. "When receiving the award he said that the social impact of the medium was very important, but also marvelled at the fact that, in his words, 'we've won for a film about men checking their balls!'. He also gave Raindance kudos for 'having the balls to select a VR film about balls'." Grenfell: Our Home You can watch Channel 4's 360-degree VR doc, directed by Jonathan Rudd, on YouTube in up to 4K now (above) or via a VR headset. In some ways, it's what you'd expect – testimonies from families who lived in Grenfell Tower before the tragic July 2017 fire – but the added animation shows that virtual reality documentaries can experiment just as much as VR entertainment. Grenfell: Our Home won the Best Documentary Experience award, within the Immersive Stories program, this year. "It offers a view not only of how the fire affected the lives of those survivors, but also of the vibrant community that existed there before the tragedy, something that can now only be experienced through this type of virtual reconstruction," says Rakušanová. "It opens up very interesting possibilities around the power of VR to help address trauma and repair communities. This experience very much resonated both with this year's VR Jurors as well as the Londoners who experienced it at our Raindance Gallery of Immersive Stories showcase." Inside Tumucumaque This installation has been touring VR festivals and events – from London to New York to Japan – so it's not clear when it will make its way onto one of the major platforms. Its subject? The world's largest tropical forest park, Tumucumaque in north east Brazil, which is under threat. As part of the experience, though, you get to switch between a third person view and a first person view, through the eyes of an eagle, a tarantula, a vampire bat, a poison dart frog and a Black Caiman crocodile. "Perceptions from the perspective of wildlife is interpreted as a sensory experience that is comprehensible to the human perception system," explains Rakušanová, "with the aid of ultraviolet colour spectra, movements in super-slow motion, visualisations of echo sounder tracking and colour night vision as well as spatial 3D sound." Interactive Media Foundation collaborated with the Berlin Museum of Natural History to recreate the shapes and textures of over 2,000 plants in CG animation for the piece, and the binaural sound uses recordings from the actual rainforest. My Africa: Elephant Keeper The Raindance curator's final top pick is this two parter from Conservation International, consisting firstly of a 360-degree film about a community run elephant sanctuary called Reteti in Northern Kenya: "It's directed by David Allen and shot by cinematographer Chris Campkin, who literally had to battle lions running off with his camera rig during the shoot." The second part, by Adam May and Elliott Round, is a room-scale experience for Steam and the Vive Pro headset, with an HP backpack PC and voiceover from actress Lupita Nyong'o. "It uses Vive trackers that are attached to real life objects such as a stethoscope or a milk bottle," says Rakušanová. "The interactive experience allows you to become an elephant keeper and care for Dudu, an orphaned baby elephant, nursing her back to health. Dudu was created from thousands of photographs and detailed CGI to look incredibly real, and the experience proved extremely popular with kids and adults alike at the festival." VR for Good in 2019 As for what to expect in 2019, Rakušanová says that most of the VR submissions to Raindance Film Festival this year were 360-degree films, not fully fledged VR experiences, but that might be about to change. "I got the chance to see concepts and pitches, and try early builds for VR for Social Impact experiences that will come out in 2019, where creators are working on real-time interactive experiences created in game engines," she says. And the very fact that VR can alter how we experience the world, as in Inside Tumucumaque, means that there are many more real world issues which could benefit from the technology. "Some are even episodic, where the narrative evolves over a series of episodes. Whether it's fighting drug abuse or raising awareness about mental illness, these experiences dive you deep into a condition or help you experience an altered perception or a feeling one experiences under a particular substance."
Check out a free preview of the full Creative Coding with Canvas & WebGL course The "Introducing Color" Lesson is part of the full, Creative Coding with Canvas & WebGL course featured in this preview video. Here's what you'd learn in this lesson: Matt introduces color to the shader using the glsl-hsl2rgb npm module. Transcript from the "Introducing Color" Lesson >> Mathew DesLauriers: And then the next thing I'm gonna do is, I'm gonna introduce color. And we can introduce color in the same way we've been doing before, but we kinda wanna get it a bit more advanced just with another module. And so we're gonna require a module called glsl hsl to our gb. And so, the syntax, let's write this out, hsl2rgb and it's the same as above, except the module itself is just this. We don't need to do any slashes. And, you're gonna notice an error, that's cuz we have to install the module. So if I search on npm, ust googling npm glsl-hsl2rgb, you'll see the module. I'll leave that code there. So this is the code that we need here. And to fix that error, we have to just npm install, or npmi, glsl-hsl2rgb. And that's the command, we run that command. And now lastly, we have these these two utilities, we're using this one, we haven't started using this one yet. And what we wanna do using this this noise value, we wanna try and create different colors. And so what we'll do is we'll manipulate the hue, cuz h itself stand for hue saturation lightness. And so we'll manipulate the hugh based on this noise I'll do. So we're gonna create a new color, and we will use this hsl2rgb, and we're gonna give it three parameters. The first parameter is between 0 and 1. And it's hue, so we can just set them all to .5 for now, just so we can visualize what it'll look like. Once we've set that, we actually have to change the output color. And generally, what I like to do before I get too far into the code, is just test things out. There's no way to console log in a shader, and there's no way to use debugger. So you have to test by actually printing a colors as pixels. So that's what we're doing here, just making sure it works. By setting this color somewhere between 0 and 1 for the first parameter, we're changing the hue. Using 0.5 for this parameter is the saturation. Using 0.5 for this parameter is the lightness. And when it's 50% lightness and saturation, it's a nice pastel color. So if we just change this number here, the first parameter, we're gonna end up with different results. So, you can try putting in n, you're going to get some wonky, disco color. But we wanna make it a bit more polished and a bit more clean. And so, one thing to remember is that noise values go from negative one to one. So we have to turn this into, zeroo to one space. >> Mathew DesLauriers: And then the next thing we can do, or instead of doing that, we'll just do this. We'll leave it at n for now, and we'll choose a specific hue that we want as our base hue. So we'll say 0.2, let's say, which is 20% of 360 degrees of a hue. I don't know what color that is but we'll find out in a second. And then, we're gonna to add n, but we're going to make n very small. So we're going to add just a little bit of n, maybe even like, 0.2 or 0.5 or something. And what you're gonna start to see as you change these numbers, is you're gonna start to see the larger. This value is the larger, our offset is, the more the hue spectrum is gonna change. It's gonna become more of a rainbow and disco/ And the smaller it is the more it's just gonna be a single hue. So we can use 0.2 for now, and then we can change this value to be a different base value. So if we use something higher, it's gonna be more blue, or more purple. Maybe a bit closer to this reference that we are looking at with the color mask. And at this point, we're pretty close, I think, to getting these kind of images that we wanted. But the only thing we have to do now is bring back our masking. So we're gonna do that with the code that I commented out. >> Mathew DesLauriers: And this is just the Alpha. >> Mathew DesLauriers: So actually, right now, I didn't intend to make it this soft but, because we're using smooth step and because our values between a smooth step are very large, it's creating this really nice, soft image which is actually kind of cool. But to make it a bit more like a reference, we need to use values that are very close together. So for example, 0.25 and 0.245, or 0.235, something that's close to the first trailer. And the last thing we can do is just continue to tweak some of these settings, so I can increase the frequency of noise, or decrease the frequency, we can maybe. Reduce the time so by multiplying time by some low number, we slow down this animation, or bulk by multiplying it by some high number. We speed it up, and make it more frequent. Those are just things to keep in mind. And now we're pretty close to this sort of graphic that we were looking at earlier, and trying to recreate that encode with shaders. Learn Straight from the Experts Who Shape the Modern Web - In-depth Courses - Industry Leading Experts - Learning Paths - Live Interactive Workshops
In the area of creative activities, the Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology responds to the need for interdisciplinary technical education and research activities of students in accordance with the objectives formulated in the BUT 2021 strategy. Creative activities related to the field of Chemistry and Food Science education are very well provided for both in terms of equipment and personnel thanks to several successfully implemented infrastructure projects (2x OP R&D&I, 2x NPU, 2x OP R&D). The intensive development of natural sciences in general and food sciences in particular is currently characterised by the expansion of exact knowledge resulting from the gradual inclusion of sophisticated instrumental methods, molecular methods and nanotechnologies. The interdisciplinary approach is also growing considerably. Since 2009, the scientific activities of the Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology have been closely linked to the Centre for Materials Research (CMV), representing the key research infrastructure of the Faculty. The research work of the ICHPBT is carried out in several main areas, which partly overlap and may share some methods and procedures. Research is oriented towards the chemistry, analysis and technology of food and natural substances, the use of biotechnology and nanotechnology in the production of modern foods and raw materials, and the application of molecular biotechnology to the identification and characterisation of selected foods and supplements. Emphasis is placed in particular on a comprehensive approach to problem solving, combining appropriate progressive techniques to assess problems overall and to propose adequate solutions. The development of modern food sciences is dependent on the development and application of advanced methods for the preparation, characterization and processing of foods and raw materials and the analysis of all types of contents, including the assessment of effects on the body. Modern and sophisticated procedures are being developed for use in the production and optimisation of individual steps in the chemistry and technology of natural substances and foods, as well as in the control of the quality, sensory profile and safety of foods and their ingredients, food raw materials and final products. Specialist areas studied within the ICHPBT are mainly focused on the analysis of the content, effect and stability of beneficial substances, but also on the identification and quantification of contaminants, toxic substances and allergens in selected raw materials and food products. Considerable attention is also paid to the treatment of waste raw materials from the agro-food complex and their evaluation in the biotechnological production of industrially important metabolites such as bioethanol, bioplastics, enzymes and other specific metabolites. Currently, interdisciplinary cooperation is intensively increasing with the overlap of chemical sciences into the field of life sciences, where the ICHPBT has its irreplaceable place within the FCH. The quality of research at the ICHPBT is simultaneously developed and ensured, especially thanks to the involvement of the Institute in the activities of the Materials Research Centre. The Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomaterials operates within the CMV, whose issues are directly intertwined and interconnected with the research activities of the Institute. The creative activities of the ICHPBT are carried out in the following main areas: - Development of procedures for complex characterization of natural substances and their components in terms of chemical, biochemical, including the possibilities of technological processing and influence on the human organism, - Development of new food products and supplements with higher nutritional value, introduction and optimization of modern progressive methods for determination of content and physiological effect of tested substances, formulations and foods, - development of methods for the identification and quantification of sensory active flavouring, toxic and allergenic substances in foods and natural products, - development of biotechnological processes and biochemical technologies applicable to the food industry, - valorisation of wastes from food and agricultural production and their use for the production of industrially relevant substances with high added value, - development of molecular biotechnologies for the identification and quantification of micro-organisms in food, - the development of cosmetology, cosmetic technologies and methods to assess the interaction of natural substances with the human body, - applications of nanotechnology in food and natural substance chemistry. Research laboratories Research highlights It's easier with two. This is the motto of the project of Katarína Šlosárová from the Faculty of Chemistry BUT, which succeeded in the competition Brno Ph.D. Talent. The main heroes of the project are thermophilic bacteria that can produce bioplastics. The production of bioplastics could be introduced into the industrial sphere and thus compete with petrochemical plastics, and bioplastics also have interesting prospects for use in the field of biomedicine. The 11th International Conference on Biopolymers ESBP 2023 was held at the Brno Observatory and Planetarium. The conference traditionally brings together a range of experts from a variety of disciplines, from molecular biologists and biotechnologists, to experts in the characterisation and processing of biopolymers, to application specialists in fields such as agriculture, cosmetics and medicine. Some species of whales and turtles live to be up to 150 years old. However, their score is several times higher than that of the Greenland shark, which lives an impressive 400 years in the cold waters of the North Atlantic. But its genome is a great unknown to scientists. A scientific expedition led by Professor Václav Brázda from the Faculty of Chemistry of the BUT and the Institute of Biophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic set off to Iceland with the sole aim of deciphering its longevity gene. "We can improve the quality of life of the entire population," says Ivana Márová. The ICHPBT laboratories are testing whether it is possible to add an indicator of emerging disease, worsening diabetes or dehydration to incontinence devices. Everyone may need nappies or pads at some point in their lives, whether they are a toddler, an adult woman or a senior citizen. So why not add another useful function to these aids? During the last decade, waste has begun to be considered both as a relevant raw material resource and as an object of serious research. Scientists from the Faculty of Chemistry at the BUT (Brno University of Technology) are also working on this. We talked about the project to one of its designers, Stanislav Obruča.
At present, 80% of our world's energy is still coming from fossil fuels, which contributes significantly to climate change. The use of environmentally friendly energy is therefore the order of the day, but production around the clock is required. Corpower implemented a special power plant in Portugal that produces green electricity, even when the sun isn't shining or the wind isn't blowing. Its basis is the world's largest energy store, the ocean, with the energy of waves. Estimated potential on the Portuguese coasts for this purpose is about 34 gigawatts. Until now, however, the use of wave energy has met with major problems. For this reason, Corpower has developed a compound buoy in many years of trials, which absorbs the wave energy, is connected to the seabed and adapted to the respective conditions by means of an intelligent technology.
Lawmakers in Florida are debating a proposed bill aimed at facilitating the re-entry of retired teachers into the workforce. Reviving Retired Teachers Senate Bill 1482 proposes the abolition of the current requirement for educators and other school employees who have benefitted from the Deferred Retirement Option Program (DROP) to take a six-month break from work before re-employment. Re-employment Challenges DROP allows teachers to accumulate interest on their retirement savings in a trust while they continue working. Nonetheless, under the existing rules, Florida retirees from this program are obliged to wait half a year before they can rejoin the classroom. A Paradigm Shift for Retirees Senate Bill 1482 proposes to eliminate the current six-month waiting period for teachers wishing to re-enter the workforce, with no new timeframe specified for when retired staff may accept new positions. Awaited Decision Set to take effect from July 1, 2024, if passed, this bill complements HB 1097, which was sent to the Florida Senate last year. Battling Shortages in Florida's Schools Introduced in January this year by Democratic Representative Jennifer "Rita" Harris, SB 1482 addresses the concurrent challenges of staffing shortages and population growth. Staff Shortage and Population Growth "We're dealing with a staff shortage, and we're also dealing with population growth all at the same time," Harris stated in a Spectrum News 13 report, emphasizing the bill as a short-term solution while a long-term strategy is developed. Alarming Teacher Vacancies The Florida Education Association, the largest professional employee organization in the state, has highlighted a critical shortage in the education sector. As per their mid-year report, Florida schools are currently facing 4,096 vacant teaching positions and 3,457 support staff roles. Educational Gaps The gravity of the situation is underscored by their January 17 report, noting that the number of teacher vacancies exceeds the total teacher population in 19 of Florida's smallest counties. This shortfall implies that hundreds of thousands of Florida students may be without a full-time teacher. Chronic Shortages This issue isn't new; a 2023 Newsweek report shed light on the persistent teacher shortage in Florida, citing various reasons for the low recruitment of new teachers and the high turnover rate in the profession. A Teacher's Stress In Broward County, Florida, a 12th grade English teacher, 52 years old, is feeling the increasing strain of her profession. After nearly two decades in teaching, Turchin is contemplating leaving due to what she describes as "out of control" bureaucracy and the overwhelming focus on standardized testing. She's not alone, as many of her colleagues have already departed. Lost Flexibility in Modern Teaching Turchin shared with Newsweek her frustrations about being pressured to "teach to the tests," noting that deviating from test-related topics during lessons could negatively affect a teacher's performance review. Inadequate Pay She lamented the loss of flexibility to explore teachable moments, a once-valued aspect of teaching. Above all, however, it's the issue of inadequate pay that stands as her primary grievance, a sentiment echoed by many in the teaching profession. Ranking Low The National Education Association's data places Florida at 48th nationally in teacher salaries for the 2020-2021 academic year, with an average salary of $51,009, considerably below the national average of $65,293. Soaring Teacher Vacancie As of January 2023, the Florida Education Association reported 5,294 teacher vacancies, a significant increase from 4,359 in January 2022 and more than double the 2,217 vacancies in January 2019. DeSantis's Narrative Under Scrutiny Andrew Spar, president of the Florida Education Association, criticized Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, challenging the governor's narrative on education investments. A Critical View Spar stated, "We've all heard the governor's talking points about his investments in teachers and education, but the governor won't tell you the truth about education in Florida, which is that our state ranks 48th in the nation in average teacher salary, 43rd in the nation in per student spending, and doesn't even crack the top 10 in average teacher starting salary or average earnings for K-12 education support professionals." Read Next: What Really Causes Donald Trump's Skin to be So Orange Former President Donald Trump's distinctive orange skin has captivated attention, sparking curiosity about its evolution from average pale over the years: What Really Causes Donald Trump's Skin to be So Orange 21 of the Biggest Lies in American History Dive into the shadows of American history as we explore 21 of its biggest lies that have left an indelible mark on the nation's narrative: 21 of the Biggest Lies in American History 32 Things We Once Highly Respected but Are a Complete Joke Now Discover the amusing downfall of once-respected entities in our changing world: 32 Things We Once Highly Respected but Are a Complete Joke Now 23 of Donald Trump's Most Hilarious Moments as President Explore the lighter side of Donald Trump's presidency with 23 hilariously memorable moments that left the nation in stitches: 23 of Donald Trump's Most Hilarious Moments as President 27 Things MAGA Movement Ruined Forever for People How the MAGA movement left its mark on individuals and disrupted certain aspects of our everyday life forever:
Does your landscape have what it takes to win? Enter soon to find out. The Tampa Bay Community Water Wise Awards, sponsored by Tampa Bay Water, UF/IFAS Extension and Florida-Friendly Landscaping™, were created to recognize individuals and businesses committed to conserving our water resources, protecting the environment by using Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL) principles and including an attractive design. There are nine FFL principles, which include: right plant, right place; water efficiently; fertilize appropriately; mulch; attract wildlife; manage yard pests responsibly; recycle; reduce stormwater runoff; and protect the waterfront. Many of these principles are used as part of the landscape evaluation process for this awards program. The University of Florida/Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ teams in Hillsborough, Pasco and Pinellas counties and their county/city water departments evaluate your county's landscapes using specific criteria, which includes the following and more: - Landscape Design and Plant Selection: Organic/plant-based mulch is applied 2-3 inches deep throughout the plant beds. Plants with similar maintenance and water requirements are grouped together, no strips of grass less than 4 feet wide. - Stormwater Runoff Prevention: The use of rain collection devices, gutter downspouts and roof runoff is directed onto mulched/planted areas, not bare areas in the lawn/landscape which are subject to erosion. - Efficient irrigation: The landscape exists primarily on rainfall or is watered only as needed with an irrigation system. You can view photographs and watch short videos of past winners at https://awards.tampabaywaterwise.org/. The deadline for entries is Sunday, June 30. Complete your application now, which will take about five to 10 minutes, then submit online at the link above. Attaching a photo or two is helpful. On-site landscape evaluations will be scheduled and conducted in June, July and August with homeowners and business owners. Winning entries will receive a beautiful, handmade mosaic steppingstone for homeowners or a plaque option for businesses. Feedback is provided to all that enter the awards program. Today is a great time to complete and submit your application. We hope to receive your entry soon. Thanks in advance for participating. If you have questions regarding the Tampa Bay Community Water Wise Awards program and live in Hillsborough County, please contact me. If you live in Pasco or Pinellas County, contact your Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL) program coordinator. For more information about the FFL program, assistance with gardening and irrigation system-related questions, contact UF/IFAS Extension Hillsborough County at 813-744-5519 and visit our website at https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/events/?location=hillsborough for upcoming workshops. Contact Lynn Barber at firstname.lastname@example.com.
We all know how important it is to keep our car radiators topped up with water, but sometimes it can be difficult to check the radiator water level. In this article, we'll show you how to check your car radiator water level quickly and easily. To check the radiator water level, first make sure the engine is cool. Then, open the radiator cap and check the level of the coolant. It should be at or above the "Full" line on the side of the radiator. If it's not, add coolant until it reaches that level. Do you check coolant level when car is hot or cold? It's important to only check the coolant level once the engine has cooled down. Higher temperatures mean higher pressures, and opening the system while it is hot could cause hot coolant to spray everywhere. One tell-tale sign of low coolant is the high-temperature gauge on the dashboard. This gauge is designed to tell you when the engine is getting too hot. Most often, the gauge should stay near the center of the H and C symbols. If the gauge starts to move into the red zone, it's an indication that the engine is getting too hot and you should check the coolant level. How do I know if I need to add water to my radiator If you notice your engine temperature is rising, you should pull over and check the coolant overflow reservoir level. If it's low or empty, you'll need to add more fluid. Only use water in the radiator in an emergency. Make sure that the engine is cold and open up that cap. Dip your finger in and if there's water on your finger, the car needs coolant. How full should coolant be in radiator? If there is a cap on the radiator in your car and you can't see the coolant level, top it off until you can see coolant at the bottom of the filler neck. There may also be a line indicating the maximum fill level. It is never a good idea to add coolant/antifreeze to a hot car. The fill cap might be extremely hot to the touch and adding the coolant/antifreeze to a hot car can cause catastrophic engine damage. Do you check radiator fluid with the car running? When checking the coolant level in your car, be sure to wait until the engine is cool. Touching the radiator hoses or reservoir cap while they are still hot can cause burns. If you notice your coolant level is low, check for leaks first. A loss of coolant can also be normal, as your car's engine coolant system is sealed and will naturally lose a small amount of fluid over time. How often does a radiator need water Your car's radiator fluid should be changed every 24,000 to 36,000 miles, or every 24 to 36 months. However, your personal driving habits will also determine the frequency of needed radiator fluid changes. Peperomia plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, so they don't need a lot of water to survive. In fact, it's better to underwater your peperomia plant than to overwater it. Peperomia plants will start to droop or their leaves will start to bend into a "u" shape when they need water. Once you see these signs, water your plant until the soil is moist but not soggy. Peperomia plants also do well with bottom watering, which means watering the plant from the bottom up. To bottom water your peperomia, simply place the plant in a sink or basin filled with 1-2 inches of water and let the plant soak for about 15 minutes. Where do you put water in a car radiator? When your car overheats, you'll need to add water to the radiator by removing the pressure cap. Once your vehicle cools down, you can also add water to the coolant reservoir or recovery tank. If your car is overheating to the point where there's steam, be sure to take it to a mechanic as soon as possible. First remove the expansion tank pressure cap. Remember that it's vital that the engine is cold to do this, so if the car has been driven recently, wait for it to cool down first. Once the cap is off, place a finger over the valve hole and gently push down on the expansion tank itself. If there's any pressure left in the cooling system, you'll feel it here. How do you know when a car radiator is full The radiator is under pressure and filled with hot liquid, so it needs to chill before you can open the cap. If you try to open the cap while the system is still hot, you could get burned. Follow these steps to safely open the radiator cap: 1. Park the vehicle on a flat surface and let it cool down completely. 2. Pop the hood and locate the coolant overflow reservoir. 3. Look for the fill levels that say "Low" and "Full," or similar terms. 4. Once the radiator has cooled down, slowly unscrew the cap until the pressure is released. 5. Remove the cap and check the coolant level. If it's low, add more coolant until it reaches the "Full" line. 6. Screw the cap back on tightly and close the hood. Experts recommend draining and replacing the antifreeze in your radiator every five years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first. This process, along with running distilled water through the radiator before adding fresh antifreeze, is collectively called "flushing" the radiator. Can I top up coolant with water? Yes, you can top up your engine coolant with just water in an emergency, but keep in mind that this will lower the boiling point of the coolant and it may not work as efficiently. It's always best to use a coolant that contains antifreeze. There are many different types of engine coolants on the market, so it's important to know which one is right for your car or truck. The most important thing to consider is the climate you live in. If you live in an area with extreme cold weather, you'll need a coolant that won't freeze. If you live in an area with extreme heat, you'll need a coolant that won't boil over. There are many different formulas that meet these needs, so be sure to consult your owner's manual or a professional to find the right one for your vehicle. Warp Up If your car has a radiator overflow reservoir, check the level of coolant in that first. If it's empty or low, add coolant to bring it up to the "Full" line. If your car doesn't have an overflow reservoir, open the radiator cap and check the level of the coolant inside. It should be up to the top of the radiator. If it's not, add coolant until it reaches that level. If the radiator water is too low, it can cause the engine to overheat. To check the radiator water level, open the hood of the car and find the radiator. The radiator is usually located near the front of the engine. There is a small cap on the radiator that can be removed. Under the cap, there is a level indicator. The water level should be at the full line on the indicator. If the water level is low, add water to the radiator until it reaches the full line.
Mechanical Power Transmission encompasses a range of components and systems that transfer mechanical energy from one part of a machine to another. This category includes bearings, belts, bushings, chains, sprockets, gears, pulleys, and sheaves, all crucial for ensuring efficient and reliable machinery operation. Bearings reduce friction between moving parts, belts provide flexible power transmission, and chains synchronize movement between sprockets. Gears convert torque and speed, while bushings minimize vibration. Pulleys and sheaves guide belts and ropes, ensuring consistent power flow. These components are vital for maintaining the precision, safety, and efficiency of industrial equipment across various sectors, from manufacturing to agriculture.
Computer science is a discipline that encompasses the study of computation, information processing, and the design and implementation of computer systems. It is a field that deals with the theoretical foundations and practical applications of computers and their interaction with humans and the world around us. At its core, computer science focuses on understanding algorithms, data structures, and the principles of computation. It involves the systematic study of how computers work, how they can be programmed to solve complex problems, and how they interact with software, hardware, and networks. Studying computer science in the UK offers numerous advantages for aspiring students. With its renowned universities, strong academic programs, and vibrant tech industry, the UK provides a conducive environment for those interested in pursuing a degree in computer science. In this article, we will explore the advantages of computer science in the UK and why it is a popular choice among students. Visit This: Globalization and International Relations Advantages of Computer Science - World-Class Universities: The UK boasts prestigious universities known for their excellence in computer science education. Institutions like the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, and the University of Cambridge consistently rank among the top universities worldwide. Studying at these renowned institutions provides access to exceptional faculty, cutting-edge research facilities, and a rich academic environment that nurtures intellectual growth - Comprehensive and Specialized Programs: Computer science programs in the UK offer a comprehensive curriculum that covers a wide range of subjects, including programming, algorithms, artificial intelligence, databases, and cybersecurity. These programs provide a strong foundation in computer science principles, along with opportunities to specialize in various areas such as machine learning, data science, software engineering, and computer graphics. Students can tailor their studies to match their interests and career aspirations. - Industry-Driven Curriculum: Computer science programs in the UK often align their curriculum with industry needs. The UK has a thriving technology sector, with major tech companies, startups, and research organizations at the forefront of innovation. This close proximity to industry enables universities to design their courses to meet the demands of the job market, ensuring graduates are equipped with practical skills and relevant knowledge. Students may have opportunities for internships, work placements, and collaborations with industry partners, enhancing their employability. - Research Opportunities: The UK is a global leader in scientific research, and its computer sciences departments actively contribute to groundbreaking discoveries. Students pursuing computer science degrees in the UK can engage in research projects, work with renowned researchers, and contribute to cutting-edge advancements. This exposure to research enhances critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities, and fosters innovation. - Strong Alumni Network and Career Prospects: UK universities have extensive alumni networks, with successful science graduates making significant contributions in various industries worldwide. These networks' connections and networking opportunities can open doors to internships, job placements, and mentorship. Additionally, the UK's thriving tech industry offers a wide range of career prospects, including opportunities in software development, data analysis, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and more. - Cultural and International Exposure: Studying computers in the UK allows students to immerse themselves in a multicultural and diverse environment. The UK welcomes students from all over the world, fostering a global community. Interacting with peers from different backgrounds enhances cross-cultural communication skills, expands perspectives, and promotes cultural understanding. Moreover, the UK's central location in Europe provides easy access to other European countries, enriching the overall experience. Conclusion: Studying computer science in the UK presents numerous advantages, including access to world-class universities, an industry-aligned curriculum, research opportunities, a strong alumni network, and exposure to a diverse and vibrant culture. Students can acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the rapidly evolving field of technology while enjoying a rewarding academic journey. Whether it's pursuing a career in industry or pursuing further research, studying computer science in the UK can pave the way for a successful and fulfilling future. Also, check: Scientists capture the first image of a jet erupting from the edge of a black hole
How Just One Day of Sunbathing Can Harm Your Immune System How Just One Day of Sunbathing Can Harm Your Immune System When it comes to your health, it's no secret that burning your body in the sun isn't a good idea. Apart from the risks of sunburn or heatstroke, you could also increase your chances of developing skin cancer. Let's delve into the potential consequences of this situation together. Scroll Down to Continue When it comes to your skin, dermatologists have long warned that there's no safe way to tan, as even a bit of tanning is equivalent to sun damage. Scientists from the University of Louisville found that spending just one day in hot weather is enough to increase inflammatory markers in the body. However, prolonged inflammatory responses lasting weeks or months, especially in healthy tissues, can be damaging and fuel plaque buildup in arteries. The research, presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle, and Cardiometabolic Health conference in Chicago, has not yet been published in a scientific journal. Researchers specifically looked at levels of key compounds like cytokines (molecules that can trigger inflammation) released by the immune system when it detects injury. Scroll Down to Continue The results showed a connection between increased levels of various cytokines and hot weather. It's already known that people, especially those who are older or have existing cardiovascular diseases, are at risk of heat-related cardiovascular events and death. Scroll Down for Comments and Reactions
The Importance of Psychological Health in Life Orientation Lessons in South African Education psychological health definition The Importance of Psychological Health in Life Orientation Lessons in South African Education In the South African education system, Life Orientation is a crucial subject that aims to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to lead healthy and fulfilling lives. One essential aspect of this subject is the focus on psychological health. But what exactly does psychological health mean? Psychological health refers to the state of a person's emotional, mental, and social well-being. It encompasses a range of factors, including one's ability to cope with stress, maintain positive relationships, and have a sense of purpose and meaning in life. It also involves having a healthy self-esteem, being resilient in the face of challenges, and having good emotional regulation skills. The Role of Life Orientation in Promoting Psychological Health Life Orientation lessons play a vital role in promoting psychological health among South African students. These lessons provide a safe and supportive environment for students to explore and develop their emotional and social skills. They learn about the importance of self-awareness, empathy, and effective communication, which are all crucial for maintaining healthy relationships. Life Orientation also teaches students about stress management techniques, problem-solving skills, and decision-making strategies. By equipping students with these tools, they are better prepared to navigate the challenges and pressures they may face in their personal and academic lives. The Benefits of Psychological Health in Education When students have good psychological health, they are more likely to thrive academically. A positive mindset, good emotional well-being, and effective stress management skills can all contribute to improved concentration, motivation, and overall academic performance. Furthermore, psychological health is closely linked to physical health. Students who have a strong sense of well-being are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate sleep. This, in turn, can have a positive impact on their physical health and overall quality of life. Beyond the classroom, psychological health is also crucial for students' future success. Employers value individuals who can effectively manage stress, work well in teams, and demonstrate resilience and adaptability. By prioritizing psychological health in Life Orientation lessons, South African education is preparing students for the demands of the workplace and equipping them with essential life skills. In the context of South African education, Life Orientation lessons play a vital role in promoting psychological health among students. By focusing on emotional and social well-being, stress management, and effective communication, these lessons equip students with the necessary skills to lead healthy and fulfilling lives. The benefits of psychological health extend beyond the classroom, impacting students' academic performance, physical health, and future success. By prioritizing psychological health in education, South Africa is investing in the well-being and future of its students.
Modern homes evolve with creativity, sustainability, and technology, integrating smart solutions and trendsetting designs. Sustainable materials and smart home integration reduce environmental impact while enhancing security and convenience. Concepts like outdoor living areas blend indoor and outdoor spaces for a contemporary living experience. Stay informed on modern home construction advancements shaping today's living environments. Discover design innovations for modern homes that redefine comfort and efficiency. Key Takeaways - Incorporating sustainable materials for eco-friendly construction. - Implementing smart home technologies for enhanced living experiences. - Maximizing space with multifunctional furniture and innovative designs. - Redefining outdoor living with seamless indoor-outdoor connections. - Integrating trendsetting interior design concepts for unique and inviting spaces. Evolution of Modern Home Design The Progression of Contemporary Residence Style has been a fascinating journey marked by creativity, usefulness, and visual allure. From the sleek lines of minimalist architecture to the integration of smart technologies, modern home design continues to push boundaries. The evolution encompasses a blend of form and function, creating spaces that not only inspire but additionally cater to the needs of today's homeowners seeking a sense of belonging in their living environment. Sustainable Materials and Technologies Sustainable Materials and Technologies play a pivotal role in shaping the modern home construction e. Incorporating eco-friendly building materials not only reduces the environmental impact but c strengthens the overall sustainability of the structure. Furthermore, integrating energy-efficient home technologies and green construction practices further solidify the commitment to creating homes that are both environmentally friendly and i. Eco-Friendly Building Materials Incorporating environmentally-friendly building materials into modern home construction is a pivotal step towards sustainable living practices and environmental stewardship. Utilizing materials such as reclaimed wood, recycled glass, bamboo, and sustainable concrete can significantly reduce the ecological footprint of a home. These eco-friendly options not only contribute to a healthier environment but additionally create spaces that are stylish and modern, appealing to those seeking sustainable living solutions. Energy-Efficient Home Tech Exploring the latest advancements in energy-saving home technology reveals a realm of sustainable materials and cutting-edge technologies revolutionizing modern living spaces. From smart thermostats that regulate energy usage to solar panels that harness renewable energy, these innovations improve comfort while reducing environmental impact. Energy-saving appliances and LED lighting further contribute to creating eco-friendly homes that cater to the modern homeowner's desire for sustainability and efficiency. Green Construction Practices Revolutionizing modern home construction, the integration of eco-friendly practices involves implementing sustainable materials and advanced technologies. From bamboo flooring to solar panels and rainwater harvesting systems, green construction practices prioritize reducing environmental impact while enhancing energy efficiency. Utilizing recycled materials, low-VOC paints, and energy-efficient appliances are becoming standard in modern home design. These sustainable choices not only benefit the environment but additionally create healthier living spaces for homeowners. Smart Home Integration Solutions Smart home integration solutions are revolutionizing the way we interact with our living spaces. Home automation benefits, such as increased security and convenience, are becoming more accessible to homeowners. The integration of IoT devices is creating a seamless and tech-enhanced living experience for modern households. Home Automation Benefits Innovative home automation technologies offer a multitude of benefits through seamless integration solutions that enhance comfort and efficiency within modern households. From controlling lighting and temperature remotely to improving security measures through smart cameras and sensors, home automation streamlines daily routines and provides peace of mind. These technologies create a seamless living experience, allowing homeowners to manage their homes effortlessly and enjoy a more connected lifestyle. IoT Devices Integration Within the domain of modern home construction, the seamless integration of IoT devices is revolutionizing how households operate, offering advanced smart home integration solutions that cater to the needs of contemporary living. From smart thermostats that adjust based on usage patterns to security systems accessible via smartphones, these innovations improve convenience and efficiency, creating a connected environment that resonates with the desires of modern homeowners. Tech-Enhanced Living In the domain of modern home design, the seamless integration of technology has transformed the way households function, offering innovative solutions that enhance the living experience through smart home integration. From voice-activated assistants to automated lighting and security systems, tech-enhanced living brings convenience and efficiency to daily routines. These advancements provide a smooth and interconnected living environment, enhancing comfort and productivity for homeowners seeking a contemporary lifestyle. Innovative Space Maximization Strategies Exploring pioneering methods to maximize space within modern homes is vital for creating practical and aesthetically pleasing living environments. Innovations like multifunctional furniture, modular storage solutions, and built-in cabinetry help optimize space utilization. Moreover, utilizing vertical space through mezzanines or loft areas can expand living areas without increasing the footprint. These strategies provide homeowners with efficient and stylish ways to make the most of their living spaces. Trendsetting Interior Design Concepts Pioneering the forefront of modern home aesthetics, the world of interior design is currently witnessing a surge in trendsetting concepts that redefine living spaces with creative flair. From minimalist Scandinavian designs to bold industrial themes, homeowners now have a variety of options to personalize their interiors. Incorporating sustainable materials, smart technology, and original layouts, these concepts enhance the functionality and visual appeal of contemporary homes, creating unique and inviting living environments. Outdoor Living Redefined With the growing emphasis on creating seamless indoor-outdoor connections in modern home designs, the concept of Outdoor Living Redefined is revolutionizing the way homeowners interact with their exterior spaces. This trend encompasses inventive features like outdoor kitchens, cozy fire pits, and stylish furniture arrangements that blur the lines between indoor comfort and outdoor enjoyment. These design elements create a harmonious blend of nature and modern living, enhancing the overall home experience. Future-Proofing Your Modern Home Future-proofing modern homes involves integrating state-of-the-art technology and sustainable design practices to guarantee longevity and adaptability in the constantly changing environment of residential architecture. This includes smart home features, energy-efficient systems, and flexible layouts that can evolve with the needs of homeowners. By incorporating these elements, modern homes can stay relevant and functional for years to come, providing a sense of security and belonging for residents. Frequently Asked Questions How Can Design Innovations for Modern Homes Impact the Overall Construction Process? Creative design ideas for modern homes can transform the construction process by improving efficiency, sustainability, and functionality. By incorporating cutting-edge technologies and imaginative solutions, these advancements streamline operations, decrease costs, and enhance the overall quality of residential construction projects. What Are Some Unique Sustainable Materials and Technologies Being Used in Modern Home Construction? In modern home construction, unique sustainable materials like bamboo, reclaimed wood, and recycled glass are gaining popularity. Technologies such as solar panels, smart home systems, and green roofs are additionally being utilized to boost sustainability and energy efficiency. How Can Smart Home Integration Solutions Enhance the Functionality of a Modern Home? Intelligent residence integration solutions improve contemporary homes by smoothly linking devices and systems for improved functionality. From automated lighting and climate control to security and entertainment, these technologies offer convenience, energy efficiency, and a forward-looking living experience. What Are Some Innovative Strategies for Maximizing Space in Modern Home Designs? Creative approaches for optimizing space in contemporary home designs encompass versatile furniture, integrated storage solutions, making use of vertical space with shelving and wall-mounted fixtures, spacious floor plans, and integrating smart home technology for efficient and convenient living. How Do Trendsetting Interior Design Concepts Play a Role in Shaping the Aesthetics of Modern Homes? Trendsetting interior design concepts are crucial in shaping the aesthetics of modern homes. By integrating cutting-edge styles, materials, and layouts, designers create spaces that reflect latest trends and homeowner preferences, resulting in visually appealing and functional living environments. In e, the design innovations shaping modern homes represent a fusion of aesthetics and functionality that redefine the way we live. From sustainable materials to smart home integration solutions, the evolution of modern home construction is driven by creativity and ingenuity. By embracing espace maximization strategies and trendsetting interior design concepts, homeowners can create living spaces that are not only stylish but c future-proofed for the challenges of tomorrow. You May Also Like To Read:
United States: Manufacturers of melatonin hoping to avoid deadlines have 18 to 24 months to voluntarily improve labels and packaging or shun the child-proof packaging and provide more information, according to the Council for Responsible Nutrition, the leading trade association for the dietary supplement and functional food industry. More about Melatonin Melatonin is one of the many hormones produced by the deep brain as a result of darkness. It regulates the natural sleep-wake rhythm or circadian rhythm that our body can experience. Melatonin, which is a dietary supplement, is not considered by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a regulatory entity, yet some experts have reported an enormous increase in the use of this melatonin among both adults and children during the past decade. About Melatonin-related accidents in children The council's move over the weekend came on the recent reports of large rate of kids accidentally taking melatonin and the April 2023 study which reported that 25 melatonin-gummies contain dangerous amounts of melatonin. An over-the-counter product made up of up to 347 percent of the stated melatonin amount listed on the label, while another contained no melatonin at all — it was entirely composed of cannabidiol or CBD. Dr. Pieter Cohen, an associate professor of medicine at the Cambridge Health Alliance in Somerville, Massachusetts, who was also the author of a study conducted on melatonin gummies, said, "What's significant here is that the industry recognizes that melatonin supplements do pose serious risks — particularly to children— and that the industry needs to do a much better job at ensuring the products are safe and well-manufactured," as CNN Health reported. "Whether this voluntary recommendation will be followed is another matter entirely, and we'll need to see," Cohen added. Rise in Children's ER visits March 2024 report findings remark that melatonin poisoning was considered life-threatening as not less than 11,000 children were taken to the emergency wards between 2019 and 2022 in the US after they ate melatonin without supervision. Melatonin capsules accounted for around 5,000 out of those recorded incidents. These data have demonstrated that the children of most accidents had been children ages 3 to 5 years, and most visits were not associated with other medicines besides melatonin, according to CDC information. Three out of four of the recorded cases were found to include bottles in which it appears that babies were able to open the bottles or they were not properly closed. However, the minor incidences that did not require hospitalization or even did not end up in hospitalization may be the ones that were underreported in the study, the report mentioned. According to the FDA, in some of the melatonin gummies, the label states that it contains CBD, even when t's "currently illegal to market CBD by adding it to a food or labeling it as a dietary supplement," as CNN Health reported. As per Cohen, four of the gummies that he had tested possessed CBD levels between 4 percent and 18 percent higher than on the label. Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, a professor of pediatrics at Seattle Children's Hospital at the University of Washington, said, "There's no data that supports the use of CBD in children," and, "It's currently only recommended for a very specific use in children over 1 (year old) with intractable seizure disorders." Other than CBD, ingesting a gummy that unknowingly contains exceptionally high levels of melatonin, consequently much more than the 0.5 mg to 1 mg suggested per night to induce sleep in kids, is also dangerous, according to Breuner. Any "discrepancies between ingredients or strength" of melatonin products could have "procedural" implications for children, according to the CDC researchers in their April report.
Researchers discover protein complex that promotes cancer growth Disruption of complex hinders cancer growth without harming normal cells In a study published this month in Cell Reports, the team used small molecules known as peptides to disrupt a complex of two proteins, RBM39 and MLL1, that is found in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. The research team discovered that the abnormal interaction between RBM39 and MLL1 is required for breast cancer cells to multiply and survive. The team developed non-toxic peptides that prevent these proteins from interacting in breast cancer cells, disrupting their growth and survival. "Because these proteins do not interact in normal cells, the peptides we developed are not harmful to them," said Anne M. Moon, M.D., Ph.D., professor at Geisinger's Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics and senior author of the study. "This offers promise for future non-toxic cancer treatment." Further laboratory tests are needed before the treatment could be trialed in humans, Moon said. Geisinger's cancer research also includes the MyCode Community Health Initiative, which returns clinically relevant results to participants at increased genetic risk for cancer, including breast, ovarian and colon cancers. The National Cancer Institute recently awarded Geisinger a 5-year, $3.6 million contract to study the role of genetic variation in cancer through the MyCode initiative. Geisinger has an exciting research environment with more than 50 full-time research faculty and more than 30 clinician scientists. Areas of expertise include precision health, genomics, informatics, data science, implementation science, outcomes research, health services research, bioethics and clinical trials. About Geisinger Geisinger is among the nation's leading providers of value-based care, serving 1.2 million people in urban and rural communities across Pennsylvania. Founded in 1915 by philanthropist Abigail Geisinger, the non-profit system generates $10 billion in annual revenues across 134 care sites - including 10 hospital campuses, and Geisinger Health Plan, with 600,000 members in commercial and government plans. The Geisinger College of Health Sciences educates more than 5,000 medical professionals annually and conducts more than 1,400 clinical research studies. With 26,000 employees, including 1,600 employed physicians, Geisinger is among Pennsylvania's largest employers with an estimated economic impact of $14 billion to the state's economy. On March 31, 2024, Geisinger became the first member of Risant Health, a new nonprofit charitable organization created to expand and accelerate value-based care across the country. Learn more at geisinger.org or connect with us on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and X. For media inquiries: Ashley Andyshak Hayes Marketing Strategist Marketing & Communications
Search results You are looking at 1 - 10 of 23 items for - Author: Ali Rattansi x - Refine by access: All content x This book is a critical engagement with Zygmunt Bauman's ideas and arguments as found in selected texts and interviews of his postmodern and liquid modern phases. In Part I of the book, the focus is on Bauman's analysis of modernity, and his interpretation of the relationship between modernity and the Enlightenment as presented in Legislators and Interpreters. For Bauman, the deepest reason for sociology's failure to deal adequately with the Holocaust is to be found in sociology's being too much a part of modernity. Part II explores how Bauman's analysis of the postmodern condition develops in a variety of works throughout the 1990s. Questions of ethics and morality were central to Bauman's concerns, and Emmanuel Levinas's work was postmodern in the same sense that pervaded Bauman's sense of the postmodern. In the third part, the book deals with metaphoricity, liquid metaphor, and solid and liquid modernity. Bauman's deployment of metaphors is a defining feature of his sociology, and most commentators have argued that Bauman's sociology has a 'literary edge'. But 'liquid' metaphor throws up several questions, as liquids come in various degrees of viscosity, but Bauman assumes that 'liquid' simply implies the opposite of 'solid'. Bauman says, in Marx's time, and throughout the phase of 'solid modernity', socio-economic change, although rapid and ubiquitous, was always only a temporary state of affairs. There have been enough significant fluidities, varying between historical periods and across territories, to cast serious doubt on the appropriateness of the 'solid' metaphor. Zygmunt Bauman is one of that generation of Central and European intellectuals who literally lived through the disasters of the twentieth century. He experienced what others only write about. By the time he was twenty, Bauman had confronted anti-Semitism, Stalinism, Nazism and warfare. Bauman's recent writings travel light, burdened neither by research nor theoretical analytics, but borne up by an unusual life wisdom, a trained observer's eye and a fluent pen. Bauman himself cited the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci as a strong formative influence. Bauman absorbed from Gramsci the importance of 'culture' and in principle a non-deterministic Marxism. However, Bauman failed to do justice to the manner in which Gramsci saw cultural hegemony as a legitimating but always unstable process that shored up the power of the elites and upper classes in the Western European social order. Zygmunt Bauman analyzed the Enlightenment and indeed the whole of Western modernity and postmodernity from a perspective that focused on the changing status of intellectuals in relation to the state. Indeed, the very emergence of intellectuals as a separate and special social category is said by Bauman to be inextricably tied to the Enlightenment. Modernity and intellectuals were part and parcel of two major new phenomena that began to flourish during the eighteenth century. The term 'intellectual', Bauman points out, is a twentieth-century French invention. Bauman self-consciously presents an 'ideal-typical' version of the Enlightenment, but soon slips into a mode of argument which ignores the internal diversity of viewpoints. This argument begins to treat his deliberately selective portrayal of the Enlightenment as synonymous with the Enlightenment tout court. Hannah Arendt was one of the first intellectuals to confront, in 1945, the enormity of what had happened to six million Jews and millions of Roma, Poles and others in the Holocaust. Zygmunt Bauman's own thesis of the Holocaust's modernity, he argues, is impossible to formulate within conventional sociological frameworks. Without anti-Semitism the Holocaust, aimed first and foremost at Jews, would obviously not have been possible. Bauman's reflections on racism are marked by constant attempts to tie racism to social engineering and modernity, rather than seeing it as a broader phenomenon. Bauman's inspiration for his understanding of the nature and role of bureaucracy was Max Weber. Weber had analyzed bureaucratic authority as one ideal typical form of rule, which contrasted with traditional, charismatic and value-laden forms of authority. Zygmunt Bauman published Modernity and Ambivalence a mere two years after Modernity and the Holocaust. The book Modernity and Ambivalence reveals all too clearly Bauman's own deeply ambivalent perception of modernity. Bauman identifies modernity with the modern nation-state, and states that its origins lie in the period beginning with the seventeenth century, followed by the Enlightenment and the industrial revolution. In Modernity and Ambivalence Bauman argues that the uncertainty and contingency which Jewish intellectuals experienced foreshadowed an existential condition and experience that was to be the lot of large sections of the population in a later, postmodern period. Discourses of liberalism are central to understanding the formation of the West and its governing institutions, although Bauman, despite borrowing extensively from Foucault, fails to incorporate Foucault's more acute understanding of liberalism into his own analysis. Modernism' is a term usually reserved for a set of movements in the arts that gained a particular momentum in the early years of the twentieth century and continued to flourish until at least the middle of the twentieth century, the periodisation being dependent on when one believes that a new set of aesthetic strategies and products, dubbed postmodernist, began. This chapter discusses that for many commentators postmodernism in the arts was, by and large, a continuation of modernism, hence the doubts and debates about the periodisation of modernism. It describes Bauman's Legislators and Interpreters, which positions itself in a very specific manner in relation to these debates. The chapter talks about these debates from a serious exploration of Bauman's first text on the question of 'modernity', from a postmodernist perspective, which inaugurated a prolific period of publications by him on the subject. Zygmunt Bauman's first foray into a postmodernist evaluation of Western modernity is undoubtedly a tour de force. For Bauman, modernism was all of a piece with modernity's guiding assumptions of rationalism and the cultivation of order. The contradictoriness of modernity and modernism, and the blurring of boundaries between what is to count as modernist and what as postmodernist, are indicative of a notable oversimplification by Bauman in his descriptions of both. Bauman was only one among many who erroneously regarded the concept of postmodernism as having its origins in architecture rather than literary criticism. Bauman's pluralism and relativism in Legislators derive from both Gadamer's hermeneutical Truth and Method and Rorty's neo-pragmatist critique of the universalist philosophical pre-suppositions underlying the Western tradition of philosophy, especially what Rorty variously calls the 'Cartesian-Kantian' tradition and the 'Descartes-Locke-Kant' tradition. Zygmunt Bauman argues that the very notion of 'society', theorised within orthodox sociology as identical to a nation-state, needs to be rethought. For in a postmodern world of globalisation the sovereignty of the nation-state is being undermined, and a strict differentiation between what is 'inside' and what is 'outside' a society is increasingly implausible. Bauman calls the 'postmodern habitat' a complex system which is radically unpredictable and one which defies any kind of statistical analysis of regular patterns of behaviour. Social actors have agency, they have autonomy, such that they are 'only partly, if at all constrained, in their pursuit of whatever they have institutionalized as their purpose'. Bauman's 'sociology of postmodernity' remains within a conventional paradigm; nothing in Intimations leads to a rethinking of the methods of sociological research, and indeed Bauman explicitly rules out new ways of doing sociology.
Many people cannot imagine a day without an aromatic cup of coffee. It is a beverage that virtually everyone drinks. Coffee gives you energy and allows you to immerse yourself for a moment in the extraordinary aroma of freshly ground beans. There are many types of coffee, as well as methods for brewing it. Café, transfer or espresso machine? Choose your favourite brewing method The taste and aroma of coffee depends not only on the type of coffee, but also on the its brewing methods. Depending on your expectations and the result, you can choose coffee from a café, an espresso machine and a pour-over brewing method. Coffee is brewed in a café using the traditional method. What exactly does this mean? Brewing is done by heating water. This water passes through the ground coffee beans, creating an aromatic drink. It has a strong and quite distinctive flavour. This method is very popular in Italy. The advantage of the coffee maker is its low price, as well as its ease of use. There is also no need to clean it regularly. The pour-over method of brewing coffee is used in many coffee shops. Hot water is poured manually or aromatically through a filter containing freshly ground coffee. It has a light yet distinctive flavour. With the overflow method, you can experiment with different parameters, resulting in interesting flavours and aromas. Coffee machines that are very popular are those that make coffee in many different ways. In the shops, you can find automatic, vacuum coffee makers with a variety of functions to produce coffee with a variety of flavours. As you can see, there are quite a few brewing methods. The choice depends primarily on individual preference. Chemex, Aeropress, French press: Alternative ways to perfect espresso One of the favourite coffees of many Poles is espresso. This small dose of coffee puts everyone on their feet. Traditionally, a espresso machine is used for brewing. However, there are alternative ways to achieve a similar taste. The first way is to use a Chemex pot. This is a specially designed pot with a filter in which you can brew coffee using the pour-over method. To make espresso, use less water in relation to the amount of coffee. The Aeropress is a portable device with which an alternative version of espresso can be prepared. The machine uses a technology that combines the pour-over and pressure method. Coffee and water are placed in a cylinder. By pressing the piston, pressure is created. This is how aromatic coffee is obtained. The final method is the French Press method. It is brewed by maceration, which makes the coffee taste delicious. For best results, use finely ground coffee and the extraction time should be shortened. Latte art secrets: How to prepare beautiful designs on coffee? Many people go to cafés to drink a tasty latte art. However, taste is not everything. It is also the beautiful patterns that baristas have worked out to perfection that catch the eye. Can you make such designs yourself at home? Of course. To begin with, frothed milk is essential. It should always be fresh milk with a high fat content. The milk is heated to around 60 degrees. The next step is to create a creamy foam. If the foam is already made, then the coffee needs to be brewed. The coffee must be uniform so that perfect patterns can be made on it. Pour the frothed milk over the coffee. The pot must be close to the surface of the coffee. The patterns are created starting from the centre of the cup. Then lift the jug a little and try to create a shape. Of course, the beginnings can be difficult, but all you need is a little patience and perseverance. After just a few attempts, you can make a beautiful heart or leaf on the coffee. To start with a heart, which is a fairly easy pattern. Latte art is a coffee that can easily be created at home. With regular practice, experimentation and a variety of techniques, you can create masterpieces that all your guests will enjoy. Coffee grinder: why invest in a quality machine? Good coffee is made from freshly ground beans. It is therefore worth investing in a good quality coffee grinder. In a good quality grinder you can control the grinding. There are grinders with adjustments so that you can get different types of coffee. A better coffee grinder ensures uniform grinding, which is very important for even coffee extraction. Such machines are also more efficient and durable, so they will last for many years without any problems. High-quality coffee grinders offer possibility to brew coffee by the pour-over method, Chemex or French Press. This allows you to experiment with flavour and aroma. Coffee to go: the best ways to enjoy your favourite drink on the go Coffee is salutary during a long journey. It immediately makes the day better. You can buy take-away coffee at any petrol station, as well as in many shops or cafés. Take-away coffee can also be prepared at home. Simply invest in a thermal mug. Many cars have special holders for such mugs, so you can always have your coffee at hand and take a sip when your eyelids are closing or when you want to recharge with new energy.
Should I be worried to travel to Italy alone? Many people ponder this question when considering embarking on a solo journey to the enchanting country of Italy. In this article, we will explore the ins and outs of traveling alone in Italy, drawing from personal experiences and expert advice to provide valuable insights for solo travelers. Italy holds a special allure for travelers with its rich history, stunning architecture, and delectable cuisine. However, concerns about safety and cultural differences may give some pause when contemplating a solitary trip to this beautiful Mediterranean destination. By delving into various aspects of solo travel in Italy, we aim to address any worries or doubts that potential solo travelers may have. From safety tips specifically tailored for solo female travelers to cultural etiquette norms to be aware of, this article will cover a wide range of topics essential for anyone planning a solo adventure in Italy. Whether you are seeking budget-friendly accommodation options or delicious food recommendations, we've got you covered with valuable insights gained from personal experiences and expert knowledge. So sit back, relax, and let us guide you through the wonders of traveling alone in Italy. Safety Tips for Solo Female Travelers in Italy Traveling to Italy alone as a solo female traveler can be both exciting and daunting. While the country is generally safe for tourists, it is always important to take certain precautions when exploring a new destination on your own. Here are some safety tips to keep in mind during your solo trip to Italy: - Avoid walking alone late at night, especially in dimly lit areas or secluded alleys. It's always best to stay in well-populated areas and stick to main streets. - Keep your belongings secure at all times. Pickpocketing can be common in touristy areas, so be cautious of your surroundings and use a crossbody bag with a zipper closure. - Trust your instincts. If you feel uncomfortable or unsafe in any situation, remove yourself from it immediately. It's better to be safe than sorry. It is natural to have concerns about traveling alone, especially as a solo female traveler. The hustle and bustle of Italian cities like Rome or Florence may seem overwhelming at first, but with the right precautions, you can navigate through safely and enjoy all that Italy has to offer. - Consider sharing your itinerary with a trusted friend or family member back home, so they know where you are at all times. - Learn some basic Italian phrases or carry a translation app on your phone for easier communication with locals in case of emergencies. - Research the local customs and dress modestly to respect the cultural norms of the country. By staying informed, being vigilant, and using common sense while traveling alone in Italy, you can have a safe and memorable experience exploring this beautiful country on your own terms. So remember not to let fear stop you from embarking on this amazing adventure. Cultural Etiquette and Norms to Be Aware of in Italy Italy is a country rich in history, art, and culture, making it a popular destination for solo travelers. However, before embarking on your solo adventure to Italy, it is important to be aware of the cultural etiquette and norms that are unique to this Mediterranean country. By understanding and respecting these customs, you can have a more enriching and enjoyable experience during your solo trip. Respect for Traditions Italians take pride in their traditions and heritage, so it is important to show respect for their customs. When visiting churches or religious sites, make sure to dress modestly and avoid wearing revealing clothing. Additionally, when dining out at restaurants, it is common courtesy to wait for everyone at the table to be served before starting your meal. Taking the time to learn about Italian customs and traditions can help you blend in with the locals and avoid inadvertently offending anyone. Language Barrier While English is widely spoken in tourist areas of Italy, it is always helpful to learn a few basic Italian phrases like "hello" (ciao) and "thank you" (grazie). Italians appreciate when visitors make an effort to communicate in their language, even if just a few words. By showing respect for the Italian language, you can enhance your cultural experience and possibly make some new friends along the way. Greetings and Gestures In Italy, greetings are an important part of social interactions. When meeting someone for the first time, a handshake is common practice. It is also customary to greet friends and acquaintances with a kiss on each cheek (air kisses without touching). Be mindful of personal space boundaries when interacting with Italians, as they tend to stand closer than what may be considered comfortable in other cultures. By being aware of these subtle nuances in greetings and gestures, you can navigate social interactions with ease while traveling alone in Italy. Understanding Public Transportation in Italy for Solo Travelers Traveling solo to Italy can be an exciting and enriching experience, but navigating public transportation in a foreign country may seem daunting at first. However, with some preparation and knowledge, you can easily get around Italy's cities and explore its beautiful countryside. Whether you're taking the train, bus, or metro, understanding how public transportation works in Italy is essential for a smooth and enjoyable trip. Train Travel in Italy Italy has an extensive railway network that connects major cities as well as smaller towns and villages. The national railway company Trenitalia operates most of the trains in Italy, offering high-speed trains like Frecciarossa and regional trains that are perfect for shorter journeys. As a solo traveler, it's recommended to book your train tickets in advance to secure your seat and potentially save money on fares. Be sure to validate your ticket before boarding a train by stamping it at the designated machines on the platform to avoid fines. Using Buses and Metros In addition to trains, buses and metros are common modes of public transportation in Italian cities like Rome, Milan, Florence, and Venice. Buses are typically slower than trains but provide more flexibility in reaching destinations off the beaten path. Make sure to purchase your bus tickets from newsstands or tobacco shops before boarding as they are not usually sold onboard. Likewise, metros operate in major cities with easy-to-navigate routes that can take you to popular attractions efficiently. Familiarize yourself with the metro maps and schedules to make the most of your time exploring the city. Navigating Public Transportation Etiquette When using public transportation in Italy as a solo traveler, it's important to be aware of local etiquette and norms to ensure a positive experience for yourself and others. Always offer your seat to elderly or pregnant passengers on buses or trains as a sign of respect. Keep an eye on your belongings while traveling on crowded public transport to prevent pickpocketing incidents. Additionally, be mindful of noise levels and refrain from speaking loudly on the phone or playing music without headphones to respect other passengers' space. By being considerate and observant while using public transportation in Italy, traveling alone should not be something you need to worry about. Top 10 Must-See Destinations in Italy for Solo Travelers Traveling to Italy alone can be an exciting and unforgettable experience. With its rich history, stunning architecture, delicious cuisine, and beautiful landscapes, Italy offers a myriad of must-see destinations for solo travelers. Whether you are a seasoned explorer or embarking on your first solo journey, Italy has something for everyone. Should I be worried to travel to Italy alone? As long as you take necessary precautions and stay informed about your surroundings, there is no need to worry. One of the top destinations in Italy that solo travelers should not miss is Rome. Known as the "Eternal City," Rome is home to ancient ruins such as the Colosseum and the Roman Forum, as well as iconic landmarks like the Vatican City and St. Peter's Basilica. Walking through the cobblestone streets of Rome, you will feel like you've stepped back in time. Another must-see destination for solo travelers in Italy is Florence. This enchanting city is famous for its Renaissance art and architecture, including masterpieces by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Botticelli. Be sure to visit the Uffizi Gallery, Ponte Vecchio bridge, and Florence Cathedral (Duomo) during your stay in this cultural hub. Budget-Friendly Accommodation Options for Solo Travelers in Italy When traveling solo to Italy, finding budget-friendly accommodation options is essential to ensure you have a comfortable stay without breaking the bank. One of the most popular choices for solo travelers on a budget is staying in hostels. Hostels not only offer affordable rates but also provide opportunities to meet other travelers and make new friends along the way. Many hostels in Italy are well-maintained, safe, and centrally located, making them a convenient choice for solo female travelers. Another budget-friendly option for solo travelers in Italy is renting an Airbnb or a guesthouse. This allows you to have more privacy and flexibility in your accommodation while still saving money compared to traditional hotels. Additionally, staying with a local host can provide you with insider tips on hidden gems and off-the-beaten-path attractions that are not typically found in guidebooks. For those who prefer a more traditional hotel experience, there are still plenty of budget-friendly options available in Italy. Look for small family-run hotels or boutique accommodations that offer competitive prices without compromising on comfort. By doing some research and comparing prices online, you can find great deals on accommodations that suit your preferences and budget. Accommodation Option \| Key Features \| Hostels \| Affordable rates, opportunities to meet other travelers \| Airbnb/Guesthouses \| Privacy, flexibility, insider tips from local hosts \| Boutique Hotels \| Competitive prices, comfort, unique experiences \| Delicious Food and Drink Recommendations for Solo Travelers in Italy When traveling alone to Italy, one of the most exciting aspects is indulging in the delicious food and drink the country has to offer. From traditional pasta dishes to world-renowned wines, Italy is a paradise for food lovers. Here are some recommendations for solo travelers looking to explore the culinary delights of Italy: - Pasta and Pizza: You simply cannot visit Italy without trying authentic pasta dishes such as spaghetti carbonara, fettuccine alfredo, or lasagna. And of course, don't miss out on a slice of traditional Italian pizza topped with fresh ingredients. - Gelato: A trip to Italy would not be complete without indulging in some gelato. This creamy and flavorful frozen treat comes in a variety of flavors, from classic ones like chocolate and vanilla to unique combinations like pistachio or stracciatella. - Espresso and Aperitivo: Italians take their coffee seriously, so be sure to stop by a local café for an espresso or cappuccino. Additionally, participating in the Italian tradition of aperitivo is a must. Enjoy a pre-dinner drink accompanied by small bites at a bar while socializing with locals. Aside from these classic Italian treats, make sure to also sample regional specialties depending on where you are in the country. Whether you find yourself in Rome, Florence, Venice, or Sicily, each region offers its own unique cuisine that should not be missed. Embrace the flavors of Italy and savor every bite as you embark on your solo culinary adventure. Remember that experiencing the local cuisine is a key part of any travel experience. So don't let worries about dining alone prevent you from enjoying all that Italy has to offer in terms of food and drink. Instead, embrace solo dining as an opportunity to immerse yourself fully in Italian culture and taste some of the best dishes in the world. Traveling solo shouldn't hold you back from enjoying unforgettable meals and drinks across this gastronomic paradise. How to Handle Emergency Situations While Traveling Alone in Italy Handling emergency situations while traveling alone in Italy is a crucial aspect that every solo traveler should be prepared for. Despite taking safety precautions, unforeseen circumstances can arise, and being well-equipped to handle them can make a significant difference in ensuring your safety and well-being. So, should you be worried to travel to Italy alone? With the right knowledge and preparation, you can navigate through any emergency situation that may come your way. First and foremost, it is essential to have all necessary emergency contact information readily available. This includes the contact numbers for local emergency services such as police, ambulance, and fire department. It is also recommended to have the contact information for your country's embassy or consulate in Italy in case you find yourself in need of assistance. Keeping this information easily accessible on your phone or written down in your travel journal can prove to be invaluable during an emergency. Furthermore, having travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and other unexpected events is highly recommended for solo travelers visiting Italy. In the unfortunate event of a medical emergency or any other crisis situation, having travel insurance can provide you with financial protection and peace of mind. Before traveling to Italy alone, take the time to review your insurance policy thoroughly and understand what type of coverage it offers. Additionally, familiarize yourself with the nearest hospitals or medical facilities in the areas you will be visiting so that you know where to seek help if needed. By being proactive and informed about handling emergency situations while traveling alone in Italy, you can confidently explore this beautiful country without letting fear hold you back. Traveling alone to a foreign country can be daunting, especially for solo female travelers. However, my personal experience traveling to Italy alone has shown me that with proper preparation and awareness, it is absolutely possible to have a safe and enjoyable trip. As highlighted in this guide, there are various safety tips, cultural norms to be aware of, and transportation options to consider when traveling solo in Italy. One of the key takeaways from my solo trip to Italy is that despite initial worries and concerns, the country is generally safe for travelers. By following basic safety precautions such as staying alert, avoiding isolated areas at night, and keeping your belongings secure, you can greatly reduce any potential risks. Additionally, being respectful of the local culture and customs can help you navigate social interactions more smoothly and make meaningful connections with locals. In conclusion, if you find yourself asking "should I be worried to travel to Italy alone," my answer would be: don't let fear stop you from embarking on this incredible adventure. With careful planning, an open mind, and a sense of confidence in yourself, traveling solo in Italy can be a rewarding experience that allows you to explore the beauty of the country at your own pace. So pack your bags, embrace the unknown, and get ready for an unforgettable journey through the picturesque landscapes and rich history of Italy. Frequently Asked Questions How Safe Is It to Travel to Italy Alone? Traveling to Italy alone can be relatively safe, as it is a popular tourist destination with a low crime rate compared to other countries. However, like any other destination, it is important to take necessary precautions to ensure your safety, such as staying aware of your surroundings and avoiding risky areas. Can I Go to Italy Alone as a Woman? As a woman traveling alone in Italy, it is generally safe but it is important to be cautious and aware of your surroundings. While incidents of harassment or theft may occur, they are not specific to Italy and can happen anywhere in the world. It is advisable for women traveling alone to take standard safety measures such as sticking to populated areas and avoiding walking alone at night. What Are the Risks of Traveling to Italy? Risks associated with traveling to Italy include the usual tourist scams, pickpocketing in crowded areas, and occasional petty theft. It is important for travelers to be vigilant with their belongings and personal safety at all times. Additionally, there is also the risk of natural disasters like earthquakes or flooding in certain regions of Italy, so it's essential to stay informed about potential risks before traveling. I'm a passionate traveler, writer, and Italophile. My fascination with Italy's history, art, and culture has led me on countless adventures across the Italian landscape. Through "I Live Italy," I share my love for this extraordinary country and aims to inspire others to explore its boundless beauty.
Place2Be presents evidence to House of Commons Education Committee and Health and Social Care Committee This week, Place2Be presented evidence on the impact of the pandemic on children and young people's mental health. Our Chief Executive, Catherine Roche, joined Emma Thomas of YoungMinds, Dr Bernadka Dubicka of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and Dr Alex George, the UK Government's Youth Mental Health Ambassador to discuss the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on education and children's services. The Education Select Committee is a group of MPs from different parties. They investigate issues facing children and young people and make recommendations to the Government. Answering questions from the Committee, we emphasised the importance of: - Early intervention and prevention - A whole-school approach to mental health - Training for teachers and school leaders - 'Catch-up' being about much more than just academia. As a panel, we also discussed the gaps in the children's mental health workforce and the need for more routes into counselling, particularly for diverse or underrepresented communities. Watch the video below to see the full session, or read this live Twitter thread from the Children and Young People's Mental Health Coalition. We also recently submitted written evidence to the Health and Social Care Select Committee Inquiry into children's mental health in England. In this evidence, we recommend a cross-government strategy on children's mental health and wellbeing, focusing on prevention, early intervention, workforce capacity, and long-term sustainable funding. We also recommend a focus on whole-school approaches to mental health that reduce stigma, intervene early, prevent mental health problems from arising or escalating, and ensure that positive mental health is embedded in the culture of every school. Our full submission is now available online for those who would like to read more. News & blogs Making magical moments for foster families This Foster Care Fortnight is about celebrating those moments that define fostering journeys for children and their carers. Read moreThe Young BAFTA Roadshow with Place2Be arrives in Derby Children at Pear Tree Community Junior School were surprised with a Young BAFTA Roadshow visit on Friday. Read moreCreativity & Wellbeing Week – how can creativity improve children's wellbeing? Place2Be welcomes Creativity and Wellbeing Week's initiative to raise awareness of 'creative health'. Read more
William Shockley was an American physicist and inventor, known for his groundbreaking work on semiconductors that earned him a Nobel Prize in Physics. With a strong educational background from the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Shockley dedicated a significant portion of his career at Bell Labs, leading research teams and contributing to notable scientific studies. However, his later involvement in eugenics and controversial theories on black inferiority tarnished his reputation as an academic. Despite his professional achievements, Shockley's personal life was marked by estrangement, as evidenced by his strained relationship with his children and their absence at his funeral. Despite his flaws, Shockley's legacy lives on through his scientific contributions, overshadowing his shortcomings as a human being. Quick Facts - Also Known As: William Bradford Shockley Jr. - Died At Age: 79 - Family: - Spouse/Ex-: Emmy Lanning, Jean Bailey - Father: William Hillman Shockley - Mother: Mary - Born Country: England - Physicists - American Men - Died on: August 12, 1989 - Place of Death: Stanford, California, United States - Grouping of People: Nobel Laureates in Physics - Cause of Death: Prostate Cancer - City: London, England - Founder/Co-Founder: Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory - Discoveries/Inventions: Transistor - More Facts: - Education: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, California Institute Of Technology - Awards: Nobel Prize in Physics (1956), Comstock Prize in Physics (1953), Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (1953), Wilheln Exner Medal (1963), IEEE Medal of Honor (1980) Childhood & Early Life William Bradford Shockley Jr. was born on February 13, 1910, in London, England. His father, William Hillman Shockley, was a mining engineer, and his mother, Mary Bradford, was the first female US Deputy mining surveyor. His parents were American, and he grew up in Palo Alto, California from age 3. Shockley studied at the California Institute of Technology and received his Bachelors of Science in 1932. He studied for his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Professor J.C. Slater. His thesis was on the energy band structure of Sodium Chloride. He received his doctorate in 1936. The same year, he joined Bell Labs in New Jersey and began research on semiconductors. The research group was headed by Clinton Davisson. He wrote many fundamental papers and had them published in "Physical Review". At Bell Labs, Shockley was involved in radar research. This was when World War II broke out. During the war, in May 1942, he served as the director of research for the U.S. Navy's Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group. In 1944, he organized a training program for B-29 bomber pilots and took tours around the world to analyze results. The training involved the usage of new radar bomb sights. For this, he was awarded the "Medal for Merit" on October 17, 1946. He was asked to prepare a report on the casualties from Japan's invasion in July 1945 by the War Department. His report laid the foundation for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings and Japan's eventual surrender. In 1945, after the war ended, he was invited to form a solid-state group involving Stanley Morgan, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, Gerald Pearson, Robert Gibney, and Hilbert Moore. They were handed the responsibility of finding a solid-state alternative to glass vacuum tubes. After many failures and attempts, the group was able to submit a paper on their findings in 1946. Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain invented the point-contact transistor in 1947, which replaced traditional bulky transistors. This work earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics. He published a 558-page treatise, 'Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors', a collection of his research and work in 1950. This would go on to become a reference for other scientists working on the development of semiconductors and their variants. He invented the junction transistor in 1951 and announced his invention at a press conference on July 4 of that year. The same year, he was elected a member of "National Academy of Sciences" (NAS), a post that was too high for someone as young as 41. He received the "Comstock Prize" in 1953 from the NAS as well as many other honors. He moved to Mountain View in California in 1956 and set up the "Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory". After his Nobel victory, he became paranoid and autocratic, forcing 8 colleagues at his lab to resign. These 8 went on to form the "Fairchild Semiconductor" without him. He was appointed to the President's Scientific Advisory Committee in 1962. In 1963, he received the Holley Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. During the 1960s, he actively started questioning the intellectual differences between races. Many of his shocking proposals included paid sterilization of individuals with IQ below 100 and stated that a high rate of reproduction among blacks was retrogressive. He was appointed the first Alexander M. Poniatoff professor of engineering science in 1963 at Stanford University, a promotion from being a lecturer when he joined in 1958. He remained in this position until his retirement in 1975. Major Works Shockley's "point-contact transistor" was a major influence in helping usher an age of micro-miniature electronics. He managed a research team that consisted of himself, John Bardeen, and Walter H. Brattain and used semiconductors to amplify electronic signals. The transistor was further improved, which replaced the bulky and less-efficient vacuum tubes. Awards & Achievements His crowning glory was the "Nobel Prize for Physics" in 1956. It was awarded to him for the invention of the "point-contact transistor" in 1947. He was the co-recipient of the award along with his colleagues John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. He had to his name over 90 US patents, the first of which was the "Electron Discharge Device" on electron multipliers. His contribution to science earned him many honors and medals. The Institute of Radio Engineers (now, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE) awarded him the Maurice Liebman Memorial Prize in 1980. Personal Life & Legacy At the age of 23, he married Jean Alberta Bailey from Iowa in August 1933. In March 1934, they had their first child, Alison. Later, the couple divorced. He married Emmy Lanning, a psychiatric nurse, later. She outlived him by 18 years and passed away on April 28, 2007. He was an accomplished climber and made many hikes and climbs in the "Shawangunks" in the Hudson River Valley. A route there is named "Shockley's Ceiling". He was an amateur magician, speaker, as well as lecturer. He passed away on August 12, 1989, due to prostate cancer. He was estranged from his friends and family, and his children came to know about his death through media. His resting place is "Alta Mesa Memorial Park" in Palo Alto, California. Though his most significant work included semiconductors, he considered genetics his primary field. He was a sperm donor at the infamous "Repository for Germinal Choice", popularly known as "The Nobel Prize sperm bank". He was the only one to publicly acknowledge his contribution to the bank. He was home-schooled until the age of 8. This was because his parents thought they could provide an education better than any school. Another reason could have been that they often moved from one place to another. As a child, he was quite ill-tempered and spoiled; traits he inherited from his parents. But he also possessed a funny bone and was a practical joker in college.
Mumbai, often referred to as the "City of Dreams," is a captivating metropolis that pulses with energy and diversity. From its bustling streets to its iconic landmarks, this vibrant city has a unique charm that leaves a lasting impression on anyone who visits. In this article, we will delve into the rich tapestry of Mumbai, uncovering its history, culture, attractions, and more. Table of Contents - Introduction - A Brief Historical Overview - Cultural Kaleidoscope: Festivals and Traditions - Architectural Marvels: Landmarks of Mumbai - Culinary Delights: A Gastronomic Journey - Gateway to Bollywood: The Entertainment Capital - Serenity Amidst Chaos: Parks and Beaches - Hustle and Bustle: Markets and Bazaars - Navigating the City: Transportation Hub - A Closer Look at Dharavi: Mumbai's Largest Slum - Embracing Diversity: People and Communities - Economic Powerhouse: Industries and Economy - Education and Innovation Hub - Challenges and Opportunities - Conclusion - FAQs 1. Introduction Mumbai, the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra, is a captivating blend of history, culture, and modernity. With a population as diverse as its offerings, the city is a microcosm of India itself. 2. A Brief Historical Overview The history of Mumbai dates back to the ancient times when it was a collection of fishing villages. Throughout the centuries, it witnessed the rise and fall of empires, from the Mauryas to the Portuguese and eventually the British East India Company. 3. Cultural Kaleidoscope: Festivals and Traditions Mumbai is renowned for its myriad of festivals and traditions that reflect the mosaic of cultures within the city. From Ganesh Chaturthi to Diwali, the streets come alive with vibrant celebrations. 4. Architectural Marvels: Landmarks of Mumbai The city boasts impressive architectural marvels like the Gateway of India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, each telling a story of Mumbai's past and present. 5. Culinary Delights: A Gastronomic Journey Mumbai's culinary scene is a tantalizing journey through flavors and spices. Street food like vada pav and pav bhaji tantalize taste buds, while fine dining establishments offer a gourmet experience. 6. Gateway to Bollywood: The Entertainment Capital Mumbai is synonymous with Bollywood, India's prolific film industry. The glitz and glamour of the entertainment world converge in the city, offering a glimpse into the world of cinema. 7. Serenity Amidst Chaos: Parks and Beaches Amidst the urban hustle, Mumbai offers serene escapes such as Marine Drive and Sanjay Gandhi National Park, providing much-needed tranquility. 8. Hustle and Bustle: Markets and Bazaars Exploring Mumbai's bustling markets, like Crawford Market and Colaba Causeway, is a sensory overload with vibrant colors, aromatic spices, and a bustling crowd. 9. Navigating the City: Transportation Hub Mumbai's intricate transportation network of trains, buses, and taxis keeps the city moving. The local trains, in particular, are the lifeline of Mumbai. 10. A Closer Look at Dharavi: Mumbai's Largest Slum Dharavi, often misunderstood, is a hub of entrepreneurship and resilience. It's a testament to the spirit and determination of the city's inhabitants. 11. Embracing Diversity: People and Communities Mumbai's population is a diverse blend of cultures, languages, and religions. This harmonious coexistence is a true reflection of India's pluralistic society. 12. Economic Powerhouse: Industries and Economy As an economic powerhouse, Mumbai contributes significantly to India's economy through its financial institutions, corporate headquarters, and bustling trade. 13. Education and Innovation Hub The city is a breeding ground for education and innovation, hosting prestigious institutions and nurturing bright minds across various fields. 14. Challenges and Opportunities While Mumbai flourishes, it also faces challenges such as overpopulation and infrastructure strain. However, these challenges are met with resilience and a drive for progress. 15. Conclusion Mumbai is a city of paradoxes, where luxury and poverty coexist, and dreams are pursued with unwavering determination. Its indomitable spirit, rich heritage, and boundless opportunities continue to make it a symbol of hope and aspiration for many. 1. How did Mumbai get its name? Mumbai's name is derived from the local Marathi name "Mumbā," which is the name of the goddess Mumbadevi. 2. What is the best time to visit Mumbai? The ideal time to visit Mumbai is during the winter months, from November to February, when the weather is pleasant and dry. 3. Is Mumbai only known for Bollywood? No, Mumbai's significance goes beyond Bollywood. It's a hub of commerce, culture, and diverse communities. 4. How can I get around the city easily? Mumbai has an extensive public transportation system, including local trains and buses, which are cost-effective and convenient. 5. What is the significance of the Gateway of India? The Gateway of India holds historical and architectural significance as a commemoration of King George V and Queen Mary's visit to India in 1911.
Don't Know Where You Are Going Till You Get There-An Expository Narrative of Novice Nurse Practitioner Educators Nurse Practitioner (NP) education in Canada is evolving rapidly as the role gains a foothold in the fabric of health care. Expectations for existing NP faculty to be clinicians, teachers and researchers, as well as the increasing demand for NP graduates have created challenges and opportunities for inventive ways to expand the cadre of available NP teachers. The experiences of a group of Master of Nursing (Advanced Nursing Practice) graduates provide an innovative approach to filling this need. This narrative expository inquiry focuses on the student-to-teacher transition experiences of this group of NP sessional instructors as they transitioned from the student to teacher role in facilitating online NP courses. Their journey evolved into a unique extension of the student role; not only did the participants survive their student days and the transition from registered nurse to nurse practitioner, but they also made the shift to instructor and partnered as novice researchers shortly thereafter. Themes arising from the narratives reveal implications for NP distance education programs and future NPs who aspire to make the jump from NP student to graduate urse Practitioner (NP) education in Canada is evolving rapidly as the role gains a foothold in the fabric of health care. Faculty and administrators have been under increased pressure to become researchers as well as teachers. This emphasis on research has motivated the development of faculty research committees and other strategies to involve more front line teachers in research activities. Within NP programs, the demand for current clinical skills in addition to traditional research and education competency presents a challenge. These institutions require skilled professionals who practice, teach and conduct original research. Challenges exist in finding qualified individuals with preparation in both nursing education and the NP role; thus creating a need for innovative approaches to filling these positions. This project set out to examine the experiences of recent Master of Nursing (Advanced Nursing Practice) graduates as they transitioned from the student to teacher role in facilitating online NP courses. Their journey evolved into a unique extension of the student role; not only did the participants survive their student days and the transition from registered nurse to nurse practitioner, but they also made the shift to instructor and partnered as novice researchers shortly thereafter. This narrative expository inquiry focuses on the student-to-teacher transition experiences of these NP sessional instructors; revealing implications for NP distance education programs and future NPs who aspire to make the jump from NP student to graduate instructor. In Canada, the Masters prepared NP is an evolving role. According to the Canadian Nurses Association (2011a), legislation supporting NP practice now exists in all provinces and territories. Newly published data show that NP numbers have more than doubled over five years, including a 25% jump in a single year. By the end of 2010, there were 2,486 NPs practicing in Canada, up from 1,129 in 2006 and NPs now represent 0.7% of the total registered nursing workforce (Canadian Institute for Health Information [CIHI], 2010). NP distance education programs were created across the country, attracting Registered Nurses (RNs) eager for the challenge and professional growth that this new role could offer. The Canadian Nurse Practitioner Initiative (CNPI) was implemented over 18 months from 2004 to 2006. It made significant progress in establishing legislation, promoting educational requirements and defining and promoting the NP role (CNA, 2009). In 2006 the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) identified a shortage of Masters and Doctoral prepared NPs to take on educational roles (CNA, 2006), and called for creative strategies to address this need. In the 2011 Integration Plan for the Nurse Practitioner Role (CNA, 2011b) a key goal was to ensure that "doctorally-prepared and masters-prepared NPs teach in NP programs and/or use teaching or shared resource models" (p. 6). The potential impact of this identified shortage was recognized by the university prior to the publication of these guidelines, and although instructor compliment for the NP program was being met at the time; the university chose to look to the future and initiated a unique recruitment scheme built upon a 'grow your own' initiative (Hessler & Ritchie, 2006). This afforded the opportunity to balance the supply of qualified instructors with the demand of an ever-increasing student population. The online program functioned with a core group of full time faculty members who worked collaboratively with members of the NP and medical community as sessional or part time instructors. These sessional instructors or course facilitators worked full time outside of the university, usually in clinical settings and provided their clinical expertise and real life experiences to the students. Full time university faculty had the responsibility of course development, standards, and evaluation; the sessionals then delivered this content in small group settings asynchronously online. At the time of recruitment for this project, it was felt that the cadre of sessional instructors would better serve the student population if it comprised a larger portion of currently practicing NPs as opposed to physicians and/or PhD prepared registered nurses (RN) without formal NP training or current NP experience. To that end, a select group of recent MN:NP graduates were invited to join the teaching compliment with short term sessional instructor contracts. In some cases this invitation was through an open call in the final practicum course and in others it was targeted recruitment after graduation. In all cases, these prospective sessional instructors had been exemplary students who had demonstrated above average integration of the theoretical and clinical material mastered throughout their program. Those accepted as instructors had all demonstrated mastery of the RN role, met current entry to practice standards for NP licensure, and were actively engaged in NP practice. This approach offered a unique opportunity for these recent graduates to be part of a team that would nurture the next generation of NPs in Canada, while reinforcing the strength of the curriculum delivered. For the small group who undertook this challenge, the transition from student to instructor marked an important milestone in their professional development. Literature Review Benner's sentinel work conceptualizing the evolution from novice to expert constituted the theoretical framework for this project (Benner, 1984). Benner posits that each time a nurse encountered a new role or environment; they are "born again" when moving from novice to expert. In other words, nurses do not graduate as experts. This vision is coupled with descriptive milestones or domains of practice through which nurses pass as they develop in their role; specifically novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert (Benner 2004). While Benner's original work targeted RNs, these five stages can apply equally to the NP role and speak to its philosophical grounding within nursing. Yerger Huffstutler and Varnell (2006) go on to acknowledge the process of transition from RN to NP, and suggest that while RN experience has created their professional persona and cannot be overlooked, this RN expertise does not translate immediately to expertise as an NP. This is applicable across the domains of clinical practice and education, and speaks to the dual transitional journey being examined. There is little existing research specific to this particular mode of NP role evolution, which most certainly contributes to the age of many available references found in searching CINAHL, Medline and PubMed. Numerous publications discuss the experience of new faculty (Murray, Belgrave & Robinson, 2006; Beres, 2006). Hessler and Ritchie (2006) report strategies to recruit and retain new faculty, however the article does not provide sound research to back up the recommendations. In terms of specific NP education, Amella, Brown, Resnick and Behler McArthur (2001) published a descriptive study meant to increase the understanding of the US national trends in NP clinical education. The online environment was examined in numerous studies (Conrad, 2004; McKenzie, Mims, Bennett & Waugh, 2000; Wilson, Varnhagan, Krupa, Kasprzak, Hunting, & Taylor, 2003; Owston & Wideman, 2002). Online instruction themes related to quality of discussion, changes in teaching styles, time issues, attitudes to online learning and influences of online learning on classroom teaching. Certain published academic studies presented clear frameworks or recommendations for new faculty integration. Glanville and Porche (2000) describe a faculty development framework that ensures success of minority graduate faculty in the academic roles of educator, nurse scholar, service provider, and community leader. Few relevant role transition articles were found. Heitz, Steiner, & Burman (2004) examined the role transition that occurs in family NP students and Esper (1995) explored the transition from nurse clinician to nurse educator. A descriptive study by Siler and Kleiner (2001) examining the expectations of novice faculty in their first year of teaching revealed four common themes: expectations, learning the game, being mentored, and fitting in. Historically, storytelling has been a way of capturing and exchanging information and knowledge within nursing and society as a whole (Redman, 2005). The interpretation of stories is a powerful source of often hidden or undiscovered knowledge and can influence actions, opinions and the individuals' perceptions of themselves and others; while spawning personal and professional growth (Moen, 2006; Serrant-Green, 2006). "Telling narratives is a major way that individuals make sense of disruptive events in their lives" (Riessman, 1990, p. 1199). In addition, reflection can strengthen decision-making and coping strategies through practice (Sewell, 2008), and speaks directly to Benner's model by giving the new NP experiences to share with his or her peers and seasoned nurses. Narrative research, part of the qualitative genre, represents phenomena of interest along with analysis for common themes and interpretation of experiences (Klein & Janoff-Bulman, 1996; McQueen & Zimmerman, 2006). An inductive expository narrative research approach was chosen to explore the experiences of these sessional NP instructors as they made the transition from student to teacher, as it best captured the rich themes that sprung from their shared stories. The aims of this narrative are to identify and describe the lived experiences of the student to teacher transition. In the past decade narrative inquiry has manifested itself as a more recognized domain in the qualitative traditions of health research (Lapume, 2009). Research Team A faculty research committee activity called 'collaborative research group', offered an invitation to sessional or contract instructors to join with fulltime continuing faculty in inductive research development. The goal of this group was to build research capacity within fulltime educators as well as contracted sessional or part time instructors. To that end, the group comprised four novice NP sessional instructors, two full time continuing faculty members, and one sessional non-NP qualitative research resource person. One continuing faculty was the NP program manager as well as a practicing NP, one was the research coordinator for the faculty and provided process expertise, and the sessional instructor with recognized expertise in qualitative research methods was invited to join the group when the direction of the narration began to take shape to assist with coding and themes. A sample of four novice NP sessional instructors was purposefully selected to participate as narrators in the inquiry. This ensured that participants had ample rich data to contribute in describing the experiences of novice NPs transitioning to the teaching role. Secondly, it was important that participants had past nursing experience within which to frame their responses (Benner, 2004). In addition, recent experience in the program would ensure that they were aware of the content in order to facilitate course delivery. Finally, the group felt it was important to explore the program's unique online mode of delivery and its influence on their transition from student to teacher. Inclusion criteria appear in Table 1. Table 1. Inclusion Criteria 1. Meeting our definition of novice as any instructor that had less than two years part time or six months full time experience teaching at the NP level. 2. Hired to facilitate a group of online learners within six months of their graduation from the university's NP 3. Experienced nurses with more than 15 years as a RN prior to entering the NP program. 4. No previous experience in graduate teaching 5. No previous experience as an instructor in online education All participants had completed their graduate program within the last six months in the top 10% of their class. Between them, they brought a wealth of over 90 years of nursing experience, in the clinical, administrative and classroom settings. Although the experience and education mix differed with all involved, the constants among all narrators were the direct transition from graduate student to teacher, the passion for the NP role and the belief that a strong education foundation is essential for practice. One narrator correctly summarized one of the most important attributes of the selected narrators in stating: "I think she (the program manager) saw passion and interest in people and the profession, which is what I think I bring to this role." Data Generation and Management Participation in the research group was voluntary and in no way tied to the instructor's employment with the University. Consent was confirmed by participation and could be withdrawn at any time. The group initially met on a regular basis via teleconference to discuss the research process, to develop inclusion criteria and plan for data management. Although the outcome of the narrative inquiry was paramount, important also was the development of research skills within the NP faculty. Initial requests to generate data were focused upon capturing narrator's stories and understanding their transition experience. To that end, participant data was generated independently of one another in a web based format. There was no direction other than "let's tell it like it is". Participants recorded the narrative accounts of their experiences and feelings as they transitioned from NP student to NP teacher. Once all narrators had produced an initial product, they were then asked to redirect their writing into themes. Themes which emerged included the feeling of fear when assigning first marks, the imposter phenomenon when placed in their first course and the enriching nature of teaching when applied to their clinical practice. Once each narrator had completed this step, the group met to examine the initial data. Interestingly the similarities were overwhelming. Although the narrators had not discussed their writings with each other during the process, their feelings were mirrored in their colleagues identified themes. The outcome of successful graduate instructors had been produced in all participants by apparently following the same paths. Data Analysis As is common practice in qualitative research, thematic analysis was used to identify common concepts from the data. Following the initial data generation and resultant narratives, an independent full time faculty member created themes to guide analysis. Data analysis focuses on how the narrators assign meaning to their stories, while considering the context and past experience from which the accounts cannot and should not be separated (Moen, 2006). The analysis concentrated on exploring the project aims. This approach is especially suited to nursing as it encourages nurses to "explore, emphasize but most of all give voice to the subjects of research" (Serrant-Green, 2006, p.3). In this situation, new knowledge was generated through the sharing and analysis of the participants' separate transition experiences. Coding was initially used only for the purpose of placing the various narrative aspects into themes. Several themes arose from analysis of the narrative accounts submitted by the four participants. Non-narrative participants in the project placed all the data into general categories. These themes were developed by the entire research team as it was felt they best reflected the narratives and experiences presented. Interwoven through all narratives were four threads: accepting the challenge, assuming responsibility, sessional growth, and to teach is to learn again. Common Threads from the Narratives Accepting the Challenge For the narrators, the first step in making the role transition from NP student to NP teacher involved accepting the challenge of the position, an exercise which triggered a flood of introspection and excitement. All narrators described initial feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt that changed to excitement and apprehension with the offer of a sessional instructor position. They shared a sense of homecoming; a return to a familiar environment but on a different footing. The first small leap had been taken! Table 2. Accepting the Challenge Participant A Why me? I am a graduate, but I haven't walked across that stage yet! I was flattered, excited and, to tell you the truth honoured to be approached. My goodness, I'm thinking this will be uncomfortable, and, whom? Oh well, I'm up for it. I am going to respond to the offer with pride and not worry about the small stuff." Participant B glanced at the offer and thought that looks interesting. I knew I was a very dedicated student with good marks but not the top of the class. When the interview was complete the manager said "You have been a student with us for 3 ˝ years we know you well. Welcome!" I had started the journey from student to Participant C I was thrilled and frightened when the offer came for a sessional instructor position. I was suffering a bit of anticipatory separation anxiety…graduation was looming and I could not see being disconnected from my academic "family". I inquired why I was given the honor of this job and I was told that I would figure it out as I began to teach… Participant D I have been practicing as a primary health care nurse practitioner in Ontario since 1999. I completed the Master of Nursing program in the spring and began a role as a sessional instructor in September of that same year. Prior to taking on this role, I had just less than two years of part time experience as a sessional instructor in the post-graduate NP program in Ontario. The Awesome Responsibility Making the role change provided an eye-opening view from "the other side of the fence"! The instructor role carries a sense of responsibility for student outcomes. After all, the students' dreams and career aspirations were contingent upon achieving passing grades! In the traditional bricks and mortar education system, students are socialized to believe that the teacher is the expert. As new instructors, narrators noted it was sometimes difficult to present themselves as established experts despite their credentials. As new NPs themselves, they repeatedly stated that the responsibility for future clients of the graduate NP students rested heavily on their minds. The NP who engages in self-reflection, the act of calmly looking inward or giving attentive meditation to a subject, will work through the transitional process more effectively, as opposed to spending time on fears or denying one's limitations (Yerger Huffstutler & Varnell, 2009). Another repeating theme was empathy for the students, given the narrators' recent status as students themselves. They noted that it was not unusual to agonize over poorly written papers, even to the point of practically rewriting them; and returning that first failing grade was described as "sickening". One of the hardest lessons for any instructor to learn is that the teacher does not fail the student; rather the student fails themselves. Table 3. The Awesome Responsibility Participant A It's not about me anymore, it's about them. I just opened an e-mail and the student is quite vocal about what she thought she should make for a mark on the first assignment. I must say, I feel intimidated…I even start to second guess my marking. This is so strange for me because I am a leader, I am confident and I love to teach. It's not like me to second guess what I do and that bothers me. I think it is because I am so new in so many roles at the same time, I really do. Participant B I was surprised at the work load. The most difficult part of the role was marking papers that were poorly written which happened with the very first paper I had to mark. I felt sick! I did not want to fail my first paper. Could I be wrong? Participant C My goal was to lead and facilitate without disrespecting, condescending, nagging or sounding like Charlie Brown's school teacher! Challenges were numerous: marking my first assignment and failing my first student! I felt a great responsibility for the outcomes of these students, even though I know they are responsible for their own efforts. My role impacted their career aspirations…their dreams…to a great extent, and when I placed myself in their shoes (which I had only recently left); I could understand their feelings, fears and frustrations. Participant D I had several years of experience in marking papers. Even so, I initially had anxiety in sending back a failing grade or low mark. I was caught up in the feeling that I wanted everyone to like me and was unsure of the expectations with respect to the amount of leniency I should give. I do not feel that I compromised the integrity of the assessments that I made, but it did take some time for me to feel comfortable hitting that "send" key. Fostering Growth Past experiences as students of the same program proved valuable for the new instructors as they transitioned. Being a graduate of the program helped narrow the experience gap between the student and instructor roles, since the instructors already had an understanding of the course format and content from their own student days. The steep learning curve was supported by a virtual connection among members of the instructor group, similar to the one apparent in the online classroom environment. Over that first semester, a sense of kinship and respect grew between team members that went a long way in nurturing the confidence of the new instructors in their abilities as instructor and practitioner. Instructing and practicing at the same time had beneficial reciprocal relationships; instructing benefitted NP practice and active practice improved the breadth, quality and credibility of the instructor. Their experience and enthusiasm was mixed with knowledge of the format and content of the program and the reality of NP practice. This combination of credential, experience as students, and understanding of the process through mentorship reassured the instructors. Table 4. Fostering Growth Participant A I remember being challenged by a student. Feeling uncertain as to next steps, I contacted my program manager. I was supported in the decision I had made; and my confidence was on the uphill climb again. Participant B The University suggested that new instructors buddy up with those who had taught before and were teaching the same course. I found this buddy system very useful as we could talk to each other about how we were doing things, get ideas and support each other. It was a definite advantage to have gone through the course myself…I was able to identify with the students. Participant C The instructor role turned me back into a student because I found myself studying right along with my class. In addition, the university provided a connection to more experienced instructors; a buddy system of sorts, that was a wealth of knowledge, time-saving ideas and support that I consider to be my most valuable return from that first semester. Participant D Because I had not completed the clinical components of this program, I quickly discovered that details that were clear to the other instructors certainly did not seem clear to me…I relied a great deal on the program manager to guide me through those first months until I had a sense of the structure. To Teach is to Learn Again The instructors quickly realized that their new role challenged them to stay abreast of current healthcare evidence as well as familiarize themselves with NP scopes of practice and legislation from multiple jurisdictions in order to effectively respond to their students. In reflecting on this process, one narrator recalled saying, "to teach is to learn again". This resulted in the reciprocal understanding of the full breadth and depth of the NP role in Canada and jurisdictions abroad. Table 5. To Teach is to Learn Again Participant A When I look back to many "firsts" in my professional career, none of them were without fear, apprehension and challenges. One of my daytime co-workers said to me, "your eyes light up when you talk about the course your teaching and the student's progress and what they teach you". My response, "I know, I just can't get enough of it". At least so I thought. I think it is because I have a heart to be an educator. I have a passion and now after this first course is under my belt; my passion is stronger than ever. I remember what it was like to be a student. I didn't realize the amount of work on the instructor side…I do now. Participant B One of the greatest benefits...was the opportunity to keep my education fresh in my mind. You learn from your students...perhaps through sharing a situation from their clinical that impacts the care I provide to my patients. Participant C I think I read the articles and references in a different way than I had as a student two years prior…if anything, I studied harder as a teacher if that makes sense! It absolutely confirmed that whole idea that you only really begin to learn when you finish your education! This has grown now to a more mature outlook on how to handle all of my various practice roles and for that I am thankful. Participant D The difficulties were far overshadowed by my love for the challenge of using the technology, providing valuable instruction and offering up myself as an example of how a nurse practitioner could practice. This last feature was especially rewarding as many of the students were studying without the benefit of witnessing NPs in action. I have found, like anything else in life that the initial highs and lows of instructing have evened out a bit. However, I love the work as I "mature" into the role and look forward to continuing for a long time. A retrospective narrative of NP instructors as they transition to their first teaching role provided an opportunity for self-reflection on their NP roles, both as clinician and educator, as well as enhanced competency in research. Mentorship of NP instructors, facilitation of the transition of sessional NP instructors into their clinical practice environment, support for their evolution along the novice to expert continuum, and a full exploration of all NP competencies have been accomplished in a meaningful and professionally fulfilling way. Since first sharing their stories that comprised the narratives, all four participants have maintained both clinical practice and educational roles; and credit their passion for excellence in the realms of both clinical practice and education to those early steps on their journey from student to teacher. About the Authors Kimberely Lamarche, RN NP, DNP, is a Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner at the Canadian Coast Guard College in Sydney, Nova Scotia and is an Assistant Professor with Athabasca University. Contact Dr Lamarche at firstname.lastname@example.com. Bev Justin Muldoon, RN NP, MN Med, is a Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner in North Sydney, Nova Scotia and a Sessional Instructor with Athabasca University. Contact Ms Justin Muldoon at email@example.com. Lynn Miller, RN NP, MN (DNP Student), is a Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia and a Sessional Instructor with Athabasca University. Contact Ms Miller at email@example.com. Key words: nurse practitioner, online education, role transition, narrative inquiry Amella, E.J., Brown, L., Resnick, B., & Behler McArthur, D. (2001). Partners for NP education: The 1999 AANP preceptor and faculty survey. Journal of The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 13(11), 517-523. Benner, P.E. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, Ca: Addison-Wesley. Benner, P.E. (2004). Using the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition to describe and interpret skill acquisition and clinical judgment in nursing practice and education. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 24(3),188–19. Beres, J. (2006). Staff development to university faculty: reflections of a nurse educator. Nursing Forum, 41(3), 141- 145. Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2010). Canada's nursing workforce grows 9% in five years. Retrieved from http://www.cihi.ca/cihi-ext-portal/internet/en/document/spending+and+health+workforce/workforce/nurses/release_09dec2010 Canadian Nurses Association. (2006). Education framework for nurse practitioners in Canada. Ottawa: Author. Canadian Nurses Association. (2009). Recommendations of the Canadian nurse practitioner initiative progress report progress report. Ottawa: Author. Canadian Nurses Association. (2011a). Canadian Nurses Association says "It's About Time". Retrieved from Canadian Nurses Assocation. (2011b). Collaborative integration plan for the role of nurse practitioners in Canada. Ottawa: Author. Conrad, D. (2004). University instructors' reflections on their first online teaching experiences. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 31. Esper, P.S. (1995). Facing transition: Nurse clinician to nurse educator. Journal of Nursing Education, 34(2), 89-91. Glanville, C., & Porche, D. (2000). Graduate nursing faculty: Ensuring cultural and racial diversity through faculty development. The Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 6(1), 6-13. Heitz, L.J., Steiner, S.H., Burman, M.E. (2004). RN to FNP: A qualitative study of role transition. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(9), 416-420. Hessler, K., & Ritchie, H. (2006). Recruitment and retention of novice faculty. Journal of Nursing Education, 45(5), 150-154. Klein, I., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1996). Trauma history and personal narratives: Some clues to coping among survivors of child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 45-54. Lapume, J.L. (2009). Patients' narratives of open heart surgery: Emplotting the technological (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from McKenzie, B.K., Mims, N., Bennett, E. & Waugh, M. (2000). Needs, concerns and practices of online instructors. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 3(3)1-6. McQueen, L. & Zimmerman, L. (2006). 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Reflections on the role of faculty in distance learning and changing pedagogies [Electronic version]. Nursing Education Perspectives. Retrieved from Serrant-Green, L. (2006). Narrative methods offer a valuable opportunity to us all. Nurse Researcher, 13(3), 3. Sewell, E. A. (2008). Journaling as a mechanism to facilitate graduate nurses' role transition. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 24(2), 49-52. Retrieved from Siler, B.B., & Kleiner, C. (2001). Novice faculty: Encountering expectations in academia. Journal of Nursing Education, 40(9), 397-403. Wilson, D., Varnhagan, S., Krupa, E., Kasprzak, S., Hunting, V., and Taylor, A. (2003). Instructors' adaptation to online graduate education in health promotion: A qualitative study. Journal of Distance Education, 18(2), 1-15. Yerger Huffstutler, S., and Varnell, G. (2009). The imposter phenomenon: New NPs: Strategies for success [Electronic version]. Topics in Advanced Practice eJournal, 6(2).
International Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Awareness Day #Awareness#HealthRaising awareness about the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. International Sudoku Day #Fun#ActivitiesHonoring the game that captivates millions worldwide. Teddy Bear Day #FunA delightful occasion for people to cherish and share their love for Teddy bears. Interesting Facts of September 9th - California was admitted as the 31st state of the United States on September 9th, 1850. - The first known instance of a computer bug was recorded by Grace Hopper on September 9th, 1947 when a moth was found in a relay of the Harvard Mark II computer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. This led to the use of the term "bug" to describe software errors. - Tajikistan declared independence from the Soviet Union on September 9th, 1991. - On September 9th, 2015, Queen Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing the record held by her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria.
Becoming the best version of yourself is an ongoing journey of self-discovery, growth, and personal development. It requires conscious effort and a commitment to nurturing your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. In this article, we will explore practical steps and valuable insights on how to be the best version of yourself, unlocking the doors to a more fulfilling and rewarding life. But before we start, we need to accept that everyone has the capacity to evolve into a better version of themselves. A magnificent journey of self-improvement begins when you accept the idea that you have the ability to control your own fate. This opens the door to a future filled with achievement and fulfillment. How To Be The Best Version Of Yourself: 10 Steps To Self-Improvement Each of these transformative ways has the potential to resonate with the path toward self-improvement. These 10 easy ways will help you in the process of understanding yourself and the kind of self-improvement you require. 1. View Failure as a Pathway to Success: Instead of fearing failure and worrying about others' opinions, recognize that it is a natural part of life's journey. High achievers like Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, and Michael Jordan have all experienced setbacks. Failure provides valuable lessons and insights that propel personal growth and success. Embrace failure as an opportunity for learning and growth, and let go of the fear that holds you back. 2. Prioritize Self-Fulfillment over External Validation: Shift your focus from seeking approval and validation from others to living a life that brings you joy and fulfillment. Live the present moment and celebrate your small victories along the way. By prioritizing your own happiness and well-being, you regain self-confidence and free yourself from the detrimental effects of people-pleasing. Always remember self-love is the best love, so pursue your own passions and dreams to be the best version of yourself. 3. Cultivate Positive Surroundings: Surrounding yourself with positivity is vital for self-improvement and being the best version of yourself. Pay attention to your inner voice and replace negative thoughts with positive ones. Eliminate negative vocabulary from your life, such as "but," "can't," "try," "should," and "won't." By consciously choosing positive self-talk, you create an environment of optimism for self-improvement. Read more here: 12 Habits of Positive People and What They Do Differently 4. Foster Self-Trust and Embrace Risks: Develop trust in your abilities and have faith in yourself. Come out of your comfort zone by taking calculated risks. For example, if you have a fear of facing interviews, confront it head-on and take the opportunity to grow. Learning to trust yourself and embracing risks can open doors to new opportunities and self-improvement. You should believe in your capacity to overcome challenges and the goal should be to be the best version of yourself. 5. Nurture Daily Creativity: Indulge in creative activities that bring you joy and fulfillment. It could be painting, writing, playing an instrument, or any other creative pursuit you enjoy. Creativity has a positive impact on your life, stimulating your mind that makes you believe self-love is the best love and encourages individual to be the best version. Additionally, make a point to learn something new each day that aligns with your interests and somehow helps you to be the best version of yourself. 6. Recognize the Power of Positive Associations: Surround yourself with positive and inspiring individuals who uplift and support you. Choose to associate with people who contribute positively to your growth and well-being. These individuals can provide guidance, motivation, and constructive feedback on your journey of self-improvement. Building a network of like-minded individuals creates a supportive and empowering environment for personal growth. 7. Seize Life's Opportunities: Seize the amazing opportunities that come your way. Don't wait for others to join you in saying "yes" to life; take charge and start living fully on your own terms and be the best version of yourself. Even when faced with challenges, remind yourself of the great things you already have and the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. Keep your excitement and gratitude levels high, and enjoy the amazing life you have. 8. Cultivate Self-Love: Understanding self-love is a crucial part of the process of becoming the best version of yourself and it is one of the most important ways to better yourself. Remember self-love is the best love and nobody in the world is perfect, and that's okay. Take a deep breath, affirm "I love myself," and observe how that feels, and helps you to be a better version of yourself. Practicing self-love is not selfish; it makes you resilient and unbreakable. Let go of self-criticism, learn to forgive yourself, and shower yourself with love. By embracing self-love, you create a strong foundation to be the best version of yourself for self-improvement and transformation. Read more here: How Self Love Is The Key To Codependency Recovery 9. Look for Growth in Overcoming Weakness: Remember that strength often arises from overcoming weaknesses. If smoking is a weakness for you, consider quitting to improve your health and confidence. While quitting smoking can be challenging, there are alternatives like vaping that can help in kicking the habit. By addressing your weaknesses, such as smoking, you open doors to self-improvement and personal growth, transforming your confidence and overall well-being. 10. Dress for Confidence and Impact: Dressing in attire that reflects your personal style and makes you feel confident can significantly elevate your self-assurance and draw attention from others. Confidence is a key factor in achieving success and presenting your best self. If the right clothing has the power to enhance your confidence and attract attention, why wait? Take action and dress in a way that empowers you to be the best version of yourself. While external appearance is not the sole determinant of self-improvement, it can positively impact your self-perception and interactions with others. Remember, it's not enough to simply read about self-improvement; you must actively engage in these ways to better yourself. If you desire to be the best version in any aspect, don't delay. Start taking action immediately, as the effort must come from within.
Product Description Product Description Custom Aluminum 6061 Turning Part Precision Steel CNC Fabrication sheet metal stamping Machining Parts 1. Product Details: Material: bronze, brass, copper, aluminum, steel, stainless steel, hardend metal Technology: CNC machining, Welding pressed Surface treatment: sand blast, polishing, painting, powder coating Machining: grinding, tapping, drilling, cnc machining,Laser cutting Application: constructional equipment, machinery 2. CNC Machining Material \| Aluminum,Stainless steel, Brass, Copper, Carbon steel, Plastic (POM,PVC,PEEK,PU etc) \| Surface treatment \| Anodized, Passivation, heat treatment, painting, Power coating, Black Oxide, Silver/Gold plating \| Application Industry \| Aerospace, Automotive, Medical, telecommunications, electronic, \| Sensors, Optical instruments, computers,Motorcycles etc. \| \| Processing method \| CNC machining, CNC turning, 3/4/5 axis CNC milling, wire-cutting, EDM, grinding. \| Drilling, Tapping, welding, bending,die casting, stamping and etc. \| Precision of workpiece: \| +/-0.005~+/-0.002mm \| \|\| Roughness of workpiece: \| Ra≤0.1 \| 3.QC Inspection Inspection Euqipment: We have the chemical elements analysis centre and the mechanical testing centre which include the following quality control measures: Spectrographic analysis, magnaflux crack detection, ultrasonic detection, dynamic fatigue testing, hardness testing, proof and ultimate breaking strength test… TUV DIN EN ISO 9001: 2000 & ISO/TS16949 available In order to ensure the quality of the orders, our independent QC members to carry out strict inspection at each stage: (1)Incoming material inspection (2)Inspection of work-in-progress (3)Finished product inspection (4)Random warehouse inspections All of our operations are strictly compliant with ISO 9001: 2008 guidelines We own automated casting lines, CNC machining, CMM inspection, spectrometers and MT testing equipment, X-ray. To benefit from our strong OEM/ODM capabilities and considerate services, contact us today. We will sincerely create and share success with all clients. After-sales Service: \| Yes \| Warranty: \| 12 \| Condition: \| New \| Certification: \| ISO9001 \| Standard: \| DIN \| Customized: \| Customized \| Samples: \| US$ 1/Piece 1 Piece(Min.Order) \| \| Customization: \| \| Customized Request \| Types of Bevel Gears Bevel Gears are used in a number of industries. They are used in wheeled excavators, dredges, conveyor belts, mill actuators, and rail transmissions. A bevel gear's spiral or angled bevel can make it suitable for confined spaces. It is also used in robotics and vertical supports of rolling mills. You can use bevel gears in food processing processes. For more information on bevel gears, read on. Spiral bevel gear Spiral bevel gears are used to transmit power between two shafts in a 90-degree orientation. They have curved or oblique teeth and can be fabricated from various metals. Bestagear is one manufacturer specializing in medium to large spiral bevel gears. They are used in the mining, metallurgical, marine, and oil fields. Spiral bevel gears are usually made from steel, aluminum, or phenolic materials. Spiral bevel gears have many advantages. Their mesh teeth create a less abrupt force transfer. They are incredibly durable and are designed to last a long time. They are also less expensive than other right-angle gears. They also tend to last longer, because they are manufactured in pairs. The spiral bevel gear also reduces noise and vibration from its counterparts. Therefore, if you are in need of a new gear set, spiral bevel gears are the right choice. The contact between spiral bevel gear teeth occurs along the surface of the gear tooth. The contact follows the Hertz theory of elastic contact. This principle holds for small significant dimensions of the contact area and small relative radii of curvature of the surfaces. In this case, strains and friction are negligible. A spiral bevel gear is a common example of an inverted helical gear. This gear is commonly used in mining equipment. Spiral bevel gears also have a backlash-absorbing feature. This feature helps secure the thickness of the oil film on the gear surface. The shaft axis, mounting distance, and angle errors all affect the tooth contact on a spiral bevel gear. Adjusting backlash helps to correct these problems. The tolerances shown above are common for bevel gears. In some cases, manufacturers make slight design changes late in the production process, which minimizes the risk to OEMs. Straight bevel gear Straight bevel gears are among the easiest types of gears to manufacture. The earliest method used to manufacture straight bevel gears was to use a planer equipped with an indexing head. However, improvements have been made in manufacturing methods after the introduction of the Revacycle system and the Coniflex. The latest technology allows for even more precise manufacturing. Both of these manufacturing methods are used by CZPT. Here are some examples of straight bevel gear manufacturing. A straight bevel gear is manufactured using two kinds of bevel surfaces, namely, the Gleason method and the Klingelnberg method. Among the two, the Gleason method is the most common. Unlike other types of gear, the CZPT method is not a universal standard. The Gleason system has higher quality gears, since its adoption of tooth crowning is the most effective way to make gears that tolerate even small assembly errors. It also eliminates the stress concentration in the bevelled edges of the teeth. The gear's composition depends on the application. When durability is required, a gear is made of cast iron. The pinion is usually three times harder than the gear, which helps balance wear. Other materials, such as carbon steel, are cheaper, but are less resistant to corrosion. Inertia is another critical factor to consider, since heavier gears are more difficult to reverse and stop. Precision requirements may include the gear pitch and diameter, as well as the pressure angle. Involute geometry of a straight bevel gear is often computed by varying the surface's normal to the surface. Involute geometry is computed by incorporating the surface coordinates and the theoretical tooth thickness. Using the CMM, the spherical involute surface can be used to determine tooth contact patterns. This method is useful when a roll tester tooling is unavailable, because it can predict the teeth' contact pattern. Hypoid bevel gear Hypoid bevel gears are an efficient and versatile speed reduction solution. Their compact size, high efficiency, low noise and heat generation, and long life make them a popular choice in the power transmission and motion control industries. The following are some of the benefits of hypoid gearing and why you should use it. Listed below are some of the key misperceptions and false assumptions of this gear type. These assumptions may seem counterintuitive at first, but will help you understand what this gear is all about. The basic concept of hypoid gears is that they use two non-intersecting shafts. The smaller gear shaft is offset from the larger gear shaft, allowing them to mesh without interference and support each other securely. The resulting torque transfer is improved when compared to conventional gear sets. A hypoid bevel gear is used to drive the rear axle of an automobile. It increases the flexibility of machine design and allows the axes to be freely adjusted. In the first case, the mesh of the two bodies is obtained by fitting the hyperboloidal cutter to the desired gear. Its geometric properties, orientation, and position determine the desired gear. The latter is used if the desired gear is noise-free or is required to reduce vibrations. A hyperboloidal cutter, on the other hand, meshes with two toothed bodies. It is the most efficient option for modeling hypoid gears with noise concerns. The main difference between hypoid and spiral bevel gears is that the hypoid bevel gear has a larger diameter than its counterparts. They are usually found in 1:1 and 2:1 applications, but some manufacturers also provide higher ratios. A hypoid gearbox can achieve speeds of three thousand rpm. This makes it the preferred choice in a variety of applications. So, if you're looking for a gearbox with a high efficiency, this is the gear for you. Addendum and dedendum angles The addendum and dedendum angles of a bevel gear are used to describe the shape and depth of the teeth of the gear. Each tooth of the gear has a slightly tapered surface that changes in depth. These angles are defined by their addendum and dedendum distances. Addendum angle is the distance between the top land and the bottom surface of the teeth, while dedendum angle is the distance between the pitch surface and the bottom surface of the teeth. The pitch angle is the angle formed by the apex point of the gear's pitch cone with the pitch line of the gear shaft. The dedendum angle, on the other hand, is the depth of the tooth space below the pitch line. Both angles are used to measure the shape of a bevel gear. The addendum and dedendum angles are important for gear design. The dedendum and addendum angles of a bevel gear are determined by the base contact ratio (Mc) of the two gears. The involute curve is not allowed to extend within the base diameter of the bevel gear. The base diameter is also a critical measurement for the design of a gear. It is possible to reduce the involute curve to match the involute curve, but it must be tangential to the involute curve. The most common application of a bevel gear is the automotive differential. They are used in many types of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and even construction equipment. They are also used in the marine industry and aviation. Aside from these two common uses, there are many other uses for bevel gears. And they are still growing in popularity. But they're a valuable part of automotive and industrial gearing systems. Applications of bevel gears Bevel gears are used in a variety of applications. They are made of various materials depending on their weight, load, and application. For high-load applications, ferrous metals such as grey cast iron are used. These materials have excellent wear resistance and are inexpensive. For lower-weight applications, steel or non-metals such as plastics are used. Some bevel gear materials are considered noiseless. Here are some of their most common uses. Straight bevel gears are the easiest to manufacture. The earliest method of manufacturing them was with a planer with an indexing head. Modern manufacturing methods introduced the Revacycle and Coniflex systems. For industrial gear manufacturing, the CZPT uses the Revacycle system. However, there are many types of bevel gears. This guide will help you choose the right material for your next project. These materials can withstand high rotational speeds and are very strong. Bevel gears are most common in automotive and industrial machinery. They connect the driveshaft to the wheels. Some even have a 45-degree bevel. These gears can be placed on a bevel surface and be tested for their transmission capabilities. They are also used in testing applications to ensure proper motion transmission. They can reduce the speed of straight shafts. Bevel gears can be used in many industries, from marine to aviation. The simplest type of bevel gear is the miter gear, which has a 1:1 ratio. It is used to change the axis of rotation. The shafts of angular miter bevel gears can intersect at any angle, from 45 degrees to 120 degrees. The teeth on the bevel gear can be straight, spiral, or Zerol. And as with the rack and pinion gears, there are different types of bevel gears. editor by CX 2023-05-22
A new study published by UNESCO has warned of gender biases in generative artificial intelligence tools, affirming that models such as "GPT-2" and "GPT-3.5" from "OpenAI" and the "LaMDA 2" program from "Meta" show "clear bias against women." Conducted between August 2023 and March 2024, the study revealed linguistic models from both "Meta" and "OpenAI" tend to associate feminine names with words like "home," "family," and "children," while masculine names are more linked to words like "commerce," "salary," and "job." Researchers requested these AI tools to write stories about individuals from diverse backgrounds and genders. The results indicated that stories related to "minority individuals or women were often more repetitive and relied on stereotypical views." To combat these biases, UNESCO recommends companies operating in this sector embrace greater diversity within their engineering teams, specifically increasing the number of women. In this context, UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay stated, "With their increasing use by the general public and companies, these artificial intelligence applications can shape the perceptions of millions of people. Thus ensuring minimal gender bias in their content can significantly reduce inequality in the real world."
DSA Feed This is a feed aggregator that collects news and updates from DSA chapters, national working groups and committees, and our publications all in one convenient place. Updated at 9:30 AM ET / 6:30 AM PT every morning. Alexandria residents pass "People's Ceasefire" resolution, to chagrin of city council "Doing this Job According to the Schedule is Impossible": An Interview with Bus Operator/Assistant Shop Steward Jack Watkins At the start of the COVID pandemic, AC Transit cut bus service dramatically. The District has been slow in spending budgeted funds toward restoring cuts because it lacks the workforce to operate additional service. The same hiring and retention crisis faces many other transit agencies, and impacts other sectors like education and healthcare, as well. At AC Transit, one of the major drivers of the retention crisis is bus schedules that don't build in enough time to ensure workers get a break to stretch, use the bathroom, or eat a meal. Nathaniel Arnold, vice president of Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) Local 192, spoke at the April 24 board meeting about the dire situation, expressing the union's frustration that the agency has "not been putting the time on the runs that they said that they were going to," and adding, "We'll be able to retain our workforce by also making better working conditions for them so that they don't leave." AC Transit's board has called a special meeting on Wednesday, June 5, as part of its service realignment initiative. The issue of schedules that don't work for bus operators and are unreliable for riders will be a major topic of discussion. A petition for workers and riders is circulating this month, and the union is calling on its members, and riders who support them, to turn out on June 5. Majority spoke with ATU 192 member, AC Transit bus operator and assistant shop steward Jack Watkins about the stakes in the struggle for better schedules. – The Editors Majority: What's the problem with the schedules? What impacts are they having on you and your co-workers as bus operators? Jack Watkins: The schedules are designed to be unsustainable. They're designed to place subliminal stress onto the driver to where we internalize the necessity to make it to the end of the line [on time], with the implicit understanding that we know that it's not possible to do safely. And that gets coupled with the [AC Transit] District constantly putting out "drive safely, drive safely," to cover themselves. They put up paperwork and memos around driving safely, but then they create schedules and cut time off of the schedules, and create a situation where they know that it's impossible to do that, and they expect us to silently adhere to that, to walk that impossible tightrope. And that eats into our mental health, our physical health and the way that we're able to show up for the community. Majority: Talk more about the impacts on the drivers. JW: Most simply, we are pressured to strategize when and how to step away from the bus and take a moment to breathe. When we get to the end of the line, we're often feeling that pressure of calculating to the minute how much time we have to find a bathroom, use the bathroom, come back from the bathroom and get back to that bus. So that we can make that next trip on time. The same regarding our ability to take breaks to recover mentally, to have water, and to have food. I know drivers that say that they don't get the opportunity to eat their lunch so often that they've stop packing lunches. And then when they get off work late they end up stopping to get some fast food on the way home which negatively affects their bodies. With us having a sedentary job, we do try to plan for our mental and physical health needs, and that gets undermined by trying to maintain the schedule because even if we pack a salad or something that is nutritionally beneficial to us, we are often unable to eat it and we find ourselves eating when we get off work late at night, which throws off any healthy routine. And also our mental health is messed up because we do a good amount of mental math at all times in addition to driving: our brain power is used up doing math to figure out how long it's gonna take to get from one time point to the next time point. "I have to make it from Seminary and MacArthur down to MacArthur and Fruitvale in five minutes. How can I do that?" Driving safely and doing that is impossible. On a busy day or even at nighttime, it's impossible to make it that many miles in five minutes with the lights and all that stuff while trying to drive safely. Calculating the risk-reward with me running through this yellow light? Keeping our heads on the swivel looking out for other cars driving around us and making sure that we maintain a safe distance from other vehicles. How fast are we trying to pull off from red lights or stop signs? We're compromising all of these safety aspects, trying to maintain the schedules which is unreasonable. And it's this pressure that goes unaddressed. Management functions in a space where they're able to pretend it doesn't exist. Majority: How do the unsustainable schedules affect your riders? JW: Bus drivers make decisions to pass up passengers, particularly disabled passengers, passengers in wheelchairs. Not a week goes by that I don't have somebody in a wheelchair that says the last bus passed them up. I believe that is a calculation that the bus drivers are making based on trying to maintain time. Every day, a passenger says "hey, this bus passed me up," if not the bus directly in front of me a bus earlier today or a bus on a different line. In addition to the way that we treat the passengers when they get on the bus with a pocketful of change, the immediate reaction to every bus driver that I know when they think about a passenger with a bunch of pennies is, "oh man, they're so slow," and that in itself is evidence that they're thinking about the speed at which they can operate the bus. And the passengers feel that; we treat the passengers like they're a nuisance or we treat them like we're rushing them. When I talk to passengers about my personal actions they talk to me about how they wish bus drivers were nicer to them, or they wish that bus drivers would take more time with them. The passengers regularly will apologize preemptively about doing regular things because they have been mentally trained to feel like by default they are going to be an inconvenience to the bus driver. Majority: How do the schedules impact attendance by operators? JW: We get burned out. I said to myself the other day, "Man, I wish I could call off today. I'm tired. Oh man, this day was really really stressful for me." And a sizable amount of that stress comes from the constant act of doing all this math, finding these shortcuts, risk-reward, safety measures, all in effort to maintain these schedules. In addition to driving the bus, traffic, passengers, mental health, all of these things. That pressure from the schedules is making a job that's already difficult, far more difficult. And so people decide, "hey, I might not even have any hours available to take off but I'm calling off because I CAN NOT do this tomorrow." And that's when people have to make a difficult decision between their mental health and their ability to feed their families. And that's a position none of us should have to be forced in to. And sometimes they end up making the decision to just come in to work because we need the money, but ultimately in a largely unfit position to drive the bus that day. And then, they may get into an accident or burn out one way or another, cuss somebody out and end up getting some type of disciplinary response. Because of the way that they've responded to the stresses, they get a one day suspension or whatever, and those things can certainly be mitigated through designing these schedules with operators in mind. Majority: What are the impacts on riders when an operator calls off due to stress? And what about longer-term absences like when they are injured or have kidney disease? When people are out on injury or health reasons, that's difficult. Because there is a culture that I believe has been created that automatically assumes that the people who are out on injury are not being honest about their injuries. When I hear people talk about injury, they say "no, no, it's legitimate. I wish I didn't have to do this but I have to go out because my shoulder is in so much pain." If somebody's out and they don't have enough people to cover that shift, then that bus just won't show up and then somebody's waiting for an extra 20 minutes. And things like repetitive motion injury is a regular part of the job. But I think a lot of injuries are exacerbated by our schedules being so awful. And then that ends up affecting everybody. East Bay DSA stands in solidarity with ATU 192's contract fight in 2019. (Photo: Keith Brower Brown) Majority: What needs to be done to fix this? JW: We need better schedules. The District creates the schedules. And they're creating them knowing that they're not sustainable, but also knowing that drivers have been internalizing the stress and the pressure to adhere to the schedules. The District uses these metrics around "is the bus physically making it to the location on time?" Without any care or consideration for the internalized pressure. They value the bus making it to the end of the line, but not the driver making it happen. And the way that operators can push back is by rejecting that internalized pressure. "Hey, I know you want me to do this job in this way, according to the schedule, but it is impossible." We must show management how impossible it is. I think operators need to be vocal about it, and they need to move to action by following not the schedule itself, but following the safety protocols primarily. And I think that would make it harder for the district to justify their schedule cuts. A lot of passengers do have consideration for bus drivers driving safely. The way that bus drivers will be able to show the District, management, and the board of directors the severity of the unsustainable schedules is by taking that power back, rejecting the internalized stress that the management and district puts on our shoulders. That's how we use our power as bus drivers to show them that "hey, I understand that you're telling me to do these contradictory things. But you're paying me to drive this bus safely – and not even paying well enough to do that – the labor that you're asking me for contractually is in regards to driving this bus safely, not in regards to doing these mental gymnastics and mathematical calculations on how I can thread an impossible needle." Majority: How can your riders support ATU workers in this struggle? JW: The riders can can show up with us to the AC Transit board meeting on June 5. They can sign the petition asking the board to meet drivers' needs by fixing the schedules to address our harsh working conditions. But mainly by showing up to the board meetings and speaking out to let the board of directors know about the conditions of the bus drivers and how that affects their ability to get where they need to go reliably. Riders can tell the board the conditions that they see for the bus drivers and how that translates to them. Members of the community can speak out at the AC Transit Board Meeting on June 5, 2024, at 5pm. The meeting will be held at AC Transit's Oakland headquarters, at 1600 Franklin Street, second floor. Arizona's Fight for Abortion Rights 1864. That's the year Arizona's abortion ban was passed. The archaic law has remained dormant since 1976, when Roe v. Wade made abortion legal nationwide, but a little over a month ago, on April 6, the Arizona Supreme Court resurrected the law, banning abortion in almost all cases. The Arizona State Legislature has since passed another law to repeal the 1864 ban, which would default the state to a still strict, 15-week ban on abortion because of a law that was passed and signed by former Republican Governor, Doug Ducey, in 2022. Meanwhile a coalition called, Arizona for Abortion Access has been gathering hundreds of thousands of signatures to get a constitutional amendment on the November ballot that would create a "fundamental right" to receive abortion care up until fetal viability. Tonight, we'll bring you a dispatch from the frontlines of the fight for abortion rights here in Arizona and talk to socialist organizers about how they're trying to change the dynamic so reproductive rights can no longer be tossed around like a football during election years. For more info on Arizona abortion ballot measure visit: https://www.arizonaforabortionaccess.org/ Weekly Roundup: May 14, 2024 Upcoming Events Wednesday, May 15 (6:00 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.): What is DSA? (In person at 1916 McAllister) Wednesday, May 15 (7:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.): DSA Board Game Night! (In person at 1916 McAllister) Thursday, May 16 (6:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.): Palestine Solidarity Working Group (Zoom) Thursday, May 16 (7:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.): Labor Board Meeting (Zoom) Friday, May 17 (12:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.): Office Hours (In person at 1916 McAllister) Saturday, May 18 (10:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.): Jackie Fielder for D9 Supervisor Mobilization (In person at 3389 26th St) Saturday, May 18 (11:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.): Homelessness Working Group Office Hours (In person at 1916 McAllister) Saturday, May 18 (12:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.): Kickball(s) for Abortion Access (Location TBD) Saturday, May 18 (1:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m.): Homelessness Working Group Independent Outreach, Platform, and Education (In person at 1916 McAllister) Sunday, May 19 (10:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.): Extreme Dean x Labor Door Knock Mobilization (Meet in person at Alamo Square Park, Hayes and Scott) Sunday, May 19 (12:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.): Anti Chevron Day From Richmond to Palestine: A Community Gathering for Global Solidarity (In person at 1605 Ohio Ave, Richmond, CA) Tuesday, May 21 (7:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.): Mutual Aid Priority Meeting (Zoom) Sunday, May 26 (2:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.): DSA SF Picnic (In person at Dolores Park) Check out https://dsasf.org/events/ for more events. Events & Actions Solidarity with Pro-Palestine Student Protesters for BDS DSA SF stands in solidarity with university student protesters across the country occupying their campuses to demand their administration divest from companies complicit in the apartheid state of Israel. Israel and the United States continue to perpetrate genocide and enforce apartheid upon the people of Palestine. Universities that use their endowment to invest in and support military contractors and Israeli companies are also complicit. In response to these protests, universities have called on law enforcement to begin the forcible removal and arrest of students. DSA SF strongly condemns the arrest, suspension, or expulsion of any participating students. Universities must meet the demands of their students – fully divest from the companies profiting from genocide, apartheid, and occupation in Palestine; institute academic boycotts and sever ties with Israeli universities; and drop all charges against student activists. Universities and police have allied to support the US's imperialist ambitions and Zionist settler colonialism. We must all play our part in fighting for a free Palestine. To support our local student protests, check dsasf.org/events for ongoing mobilizations, and follow your local universities for turnout and donation asks! Jackie Fielder For D9 Supervisor Mobilization This Saturday Jackie Fielder's campaign landed an office! To celebrate, the campaign is hosting an office opening party with a volunteer mobilization this Saturday, May 18th at 10 a.m. at 3389 26th Street! Come see the new home base of the campaign, get a sign, and grab some voter ids for Jackie Fielder! There will be coffee and donuts! Extreme Dean x Labor Door Knock Mobilization This Sunday Please join the Extreme Dean priority at our mega mobilization with local IFPTE 21, SEIU 1021, and more union friends Sunday, May 19th at 10 a.m. at Alamo Square at the corner of Hayes and Scott! Signatures for ComMUNIty Transit Act DSA SF is endorsing the ComMUNIty Transit Act, a ballot measure to tax Uber and Lyft to fund Muni! Transportation should be a human right – not a way for corporations to profit by harming workers and the planet. Help us gather signatures to get the ComMUNIty Transit Act on the ballot. Board Game Night This Wednesday DSA board game night is coming up this Wednesday, May 15th from 7:30 to 9:30 p.m. at 1916 McAllister! Join us to play some fun games with snacks, drinks, and good vibes. Kickball(s) for Abortion Access on May 18th Connect with your neighbors on Saturday, May 18th at 1:00 p.m. while raising money for abortion access! San Franciscans don't need to be reminded that the struggle for bodily autonomy is universal. Or, that when someone is denied an abortion it's more than a hardship for the individual and their family—it's a test of our community and our commitment to basic human rights. So, let's put our money where our mouths have been, are, and always will be: BALLS DEEP FOR ABORTION! We'll have a friendly fundraising competition, kickball tournament, snack bar, prizes & more! 100% of proceeds will be donated to Texas grassroots abortion access orgs Frontera Fund and Buckle Bunnies (recommended by our comrades at DSA Austin). For more information about how to get involved, RSVP below! Spring Socials with DSA SF Come hang out with your friendly neighborhood socialists this spring! For the next few months we will be having a variety of outings and you are invited – be sure to mark your calendars and watch this space for more details! Our next event is a picnic at Dolores Park on Sunday, May 26 from 12:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. and we can't wait to see you there! Chapter Movie Night: The Battle of Algiers Join us for a film screening of "The Battle of Algiers," which isn't just a re-enactment of historical events but a powerful portrayal of the struggle for independence and the resilience of the occupied fighting against the occupier. It focuses on Algerian revolutionary fighter Ali La Ponte and his fight against the French occupation forces in Algiers, the capital city of Algeria, from 1954 to 1957 during the Algerian War of Independence. This film showing is as timely as ever as the fight for liberation continues in Palestine. This film was directed by an Italian communist who led the anti-fascist resistance against Nazi Germany and also had an actual FLN leader play as one of the characters, making this one of the most classic anti-imperialist films to date. Food and drinks will be provided. Masks are highly recommended. DSA SF Convention Bake Sale We're holding a bake sale fundraiser at our upcoming chapter convention on June 15th. If you're interested in contributing to the bake sale, you can access the sign-up sheet here! Behind the Scenes The Chapter Coordination Committee (CCC) regularly rotates duties among chapter members. This allows us to train new members in key duties that help keep the chapter running like organizing chapter meetings, keeping records updated, office cleanup, updating the DSA SF website and newsletter, etc. Members can view current CCC rotations. Questions? Feedback? Something to add? We welcome your feedback. If you have comments or suggestions, send a message to the #newsletter channel on Slack. For information on how to add content, check out the Newsletter Q&A thread. GND Campaign Commission March & April 2024 Recap There has been a lot of exciting DSA Green New Deal Campaign action so far this Spring! Here is our March and April recap. Chapter Organizing and Training We held our monthly Building for Power (B4P) campaign huddles, a space for DSA members working on local B4P campaigns to strategize and collaborate. In March, we discussed fundraising. We had a mix of comrades of all experiences— from chapter leaders to brand-new members—get creative and share best practices for fundraising for campaigns. Here are the slides. We followed up the March huddle with a Green New Dues solidarity dues phonebank on April 9th asking members to increase their dues to 1% of their yearly income. We dialed almost 2,000 comrades, and of the people we connected with and had conversations, 53% agreed to make the switch! Our April huddle was a group discussion about working with unions. Organizers from San Diego, Milwaukee, and New Orleans were able to compare notes on engaging with IBEW. Check out our full Strategist's Guide here for further reading on navigating these relationships. bUILDING FOR pOWER Campaign Highlights Here are some highlights from B4P campaigns from the last two months: Milwaukee DSA's Power to the People campaign recently passed 7,000 signed petitions in support of public power and they held a rally at Milwaukee City Hall on March 1st. Chicago DSA's Fix the CTA public transit campaign built pressure to oust Dorval Carter, the Chicago Transit Authority board president currently overseeing a substantial decline in the transit system's service, reliability, and working conditions. Louisville DSA's Get On The Bus campaign held a screening of Taken for a Ride, a 1996 documentary about how auto and fossil fuel companies sabotaged public transit in the US to devastating effect. They also circulated a petition to demand that their local government fund the Transit Authority of River City (TARC). Metro DC DSA's We Power DC sent in almost 150 comments to DC's Public Service Commission, opposing a multi-year utility rate hike that would raise rates by 20% over three years, resulting in unaffordable energy rates for one fifth of district households—worsening DC's crisis of energy injustice. While Pepco claims these costs are necessary for decarbonization goals, DC's Office of the People's Council found that 95% of the proposed investments cannot be tied to any reductions in greenhouse gasses. We Power DC also hosted a night school on the Environmental Justice Amendment Act, developed by We Power DC in partnership with local EJ organizations and a DSA-endorsed DC Councilmember. The legislation would transform the District's zoning and permitting laws to protect overburdened communities. Charlottesville DSA's green social housing campaign hosted a panel in March about land trusts, land banks, and how to create deeply affordable housing that welcomed over 80 attendees. This was Cville DSA's largest event to date, and it truly was a multiracial, socioeconomically diverse gathering of voices. They also authored a sign-on letter for their demands that has garnered signatures from several housing and environmental justice organizations in town to submit to Charlottesville City Council. If your chapter is ready to Build for Power, fill out our interest form and come to our May huddle! The post GND Campaign Commission March & April 2024 Recap appeared first on Building for Power. Portland DSA Welcomes Wrath of Landlords, Realtors in Fight To Lower Rents "But as socialists, we welcome this fight." If you are a working person in Portland, housing is your major expense, and a constant struggle. Portland declared a 'housing emergency' in 2017, and the number of folks living on the street has only increased ever since. The politicians' response has been to call for the construction of 'affordable housing' — certainly needed and completely insufficient to the scale of the problem. Clamping down on rent speculation would seem a no-brainer, however any move in this direction unleashes the full wrath of the National Realtors Association, via our own Portland Metro Chamber of Commerce. But as socialists, we welcome this fight. We created a Renters' Survey and a Renters' Rights Pledge. In the coming months, the Housing Working group will lead door to door canvasses to sign up hundreds of renters in support the Renters' Rights Pledge. We will also demand that all local candidates for city council, and others, support of the Pledge. We will make Renters' Rights the #1 political issue in our region's politics. Join us and sign the Pledge! On March 10, 2024, the Portland DSA General Assembly passed the Renter's' Rights resolution. The resolution was put forward by Portland DSA's Housing Working Group after three months of door-to-door renters canvassing. The Housing Working Group based the resolution on the successful 2023 Tacoma 4 All ballot measure. To the six planks of the Tacoma 4 All platform, we added our own Eviction Representation for All demand, as well as a call for the State of Oregon to lift its ban on local rent control — and to raise the minimum wage so that one worker can pay for an apartment with not more than 30% of their income. Maine Mural Podcast: Democrats or Breakaway? In early 2019, the Maine Democratic Socialists of America held a public debate. The motion was stated as, "The Democratic Party is a viable vehicle for the Left." Each side had two representatives, and the event was recorded. Today, the Maine Mural offers that recording for you to enjoy. On the side arguing in favor of the motion was Aaron B (Maine DSA) and Owen H (the now defunct ISO). Arguing against the motion was Al C (Maine DSA) and Todd C (ISO). Please share and enjoy the program! The post Maine Mural Podcast: Democrats or Breakaway? appeared first on Pine & Roses. Protesting Genocide Is Not Anti-Semitism! After a top Israeli leader promises "total annihilation" of Rafah, Washington State's congressional delegation backed a bill branding criticism of Israel and Zionism as "anti-semitic," providing further legal pretext for police repression. The following is a joint statement from the following Washington DSA chapters: Seattle DSA, Tacoma and Pierce County DSA, Snohomish County DSA, Olympia DSA, and Palouse DSA. Last week, in a 320-91 vote, the House of Representatives passed a bipartisan bill that brands criticism of Israel and Zionism as "anti-semitism." The bill is designed to create further legal cover for the massive police crackdown on non-violent Palestine solidarity protests. As the death toll in Gaza surpasses 35,000; as Netanyahu's government unleashes further horrors on civilians in Rafah; as international outcry grows against Israel's policy of mass starvation; and as arrests of student protesters surpass 2,000 nationally, Washington's entire congressional delegation – with the exception of Pramila Jayapal – voted in favor of the bill. Our DSA chapters condemn this "new McCarthyism,' and we join with Jewish Voice for Peace in rejecting this cynical attempt by elected leaders to distract us from their complicity in genocide. JVP spelled this out in an April 25th statement: "As the largest anti-Zionist Jewish organization in the world, we unequivocally reject the conflation of antisemitism with anti-Zionism and reaffirm in the strongest terms that there is no place for antisemitism in our movements. We condemn the false accusations of antisemitism leveled against principled, anti-war protesters to discredit our movements. We understand these accusations for what they are: a cynical distraction from the ongoing atrocities in Gaza." A follow-up JVP statement continued: "The peaceful student protesters have been portrayed in the mainstream media as violent, antisemitic mobs, even though it's clear that the only violence happening on campuses is being perpetrated by Zionist agitators and cops. These smears are a distraction from the urgent work at hand. Now more than ever, we must stay focused… During Passover, we held Seders in the Streets to protest U.S. complicity in genocide, refusing to let our traditions, our histories, and our identities be used to justify the mass slaughter of Palestinians. On college campuses, student chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace have been involved in organizing dozens of encampments." Politicians from both parties, alongside corporate media outlets, have ignored widespread hate-speech, doxing, and violence directed against Arab and pro-Palestinian organizers, while amplifying anti-semitic statements from a small number of individuals – usually unaffiliated with protest organizers. They downplay the leading role of Jewish students in the movement; they ignore the multi-racial solidarity on display in the protest encampments; they twist the meaning of protest chants and slogans; and they refuse to acknowledge the clear statements from movement leaders condemning all forms of discrimination and prejudice. Worse still, the vote in Congress came just days after the widely reported statement by Israeli Finance Minister and security cabinet member Bezalel Smotrich: "There are no half measures. [The Gazan cities of] Rafah, Deir al-Balah, Nuseirat — total annihilation… You will blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven." This specific bible verse referenced by Smotrich, in which God commands the death of the entire Amalek nation, has been repeatedly invoked by Israeli officials, especially since October 7th. It forms part of South Africa's case in the International Criminal Court that Israel is carrying out a genocide in Gaza. The utter hypocrisy of our political leaders in the face of this openly declared genocidal policy by Netanyahu's government cannot be accepted. Despite the calls by DSA's elected leaders and others to end US military aid to Israel, despite the global condemnation of Israel's racist Apartheid system, our political leaders in Washington – from both parties – are focusing their fire on the mass movement against genocide. We are proud of the Young Democratic Socialists of America chapters across the country who are at the forefront of many campus protests and Gaza solidarity encampments. We are committed to building a mass socialist, working-class movement powerful enough to end the bloody and racist legacy of US imperialism, which we see on full display in Gaza today. We must use this moment of mass student protests to further expand the anti-war movement into working-class communities and within organized labor, aiming to build enough power to challenge the foundations of US capitalism. There is no shortcut to winning socialist change, but with our eye on this prize we must focus our efforts today on broadening and strengthening the Palestine solidarity movement. A critical part of this is organizing to popularize the following demands: - Immediate and unconditional ceasefire, withdrawal of all Israeli military forces from Gaza and the West Bank, and the return of all hostages and political prisoners on both sides. - End Israel's siege of Gaza, end the occupation, settlements, and apartheid system on Palestinian lands, and ensure the right for all refugees to return. - End all US military aid and arms sales to Israel and to reactionary regimes throughout the region – for a massive infusion of humanitarian aid to rebuild Gaza. - Money for healthcare, climate action, housing, and education, not war and occupation! - End all police repression of the Palestine solidarity movement and drop the charges against all those arrested – reverse all laws designed to silence criticism of Israeli and US policy. - Build a mass Palestine solidarity movement rooted in the US working-class and linked to the project of constructing an independent, workers' party in opposition to far-right Republicans and pro-imperialist Democrats. The post Protesting Genocide Is Not Anti-Semitism! appeared first on Seattle Democratic Socialists of America. Columbus DSA Stands in Solidarity with the DSA Union Contact: [email protected] COLUMBUS – The Columbus chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America released the following statement regarding DSA's ongoing layoffs: As part of DSA's ongoing budget process, the National Political Committee ("NPC"), our political leadership, has sought to lay off seven unionized staff members. Through successful fundraising, non-staff cuts, and seven voluntary resignations, DSA was able to exceed its financial goals for this year before laying off a single staff member. Yet, the NPC insists it will not negotiate with the DSA Union or adjust the number of layoffs to our new circumstances. This is a damaging maximalist posture from our leadership and, simply, an economically unnecessary number of staff to eliminate. Last year's successful abortion rights campaign in Ohio depended on DSA's Electoral Campaigns Organizer and Org Tools Coordinator and could not have happened without the support of these staff members. The NPC's plan to fire them along with five other union members is immensely short-sighted and would seriously harm our basic organizing capacities. As DSA chapters around the country seize a historic political moment with ambitious organizing projects for reproductive rights, Palestinian liberation, and more, it is a mistake to eliminate the staff who play a key role in getting these efforts off the ground and scaling up our organizing. During this process the NPC has engaged in bad-faith negotiation, and their insulting offer to the union would see workers sign away their rights and relegate all unionized staff to at-will employment. This and multiple other violations of the DSA staff's union contract have led the union to file grievances against several NPC members. We stand in solidarity with all members of the DSA Union and reject any politics that seeks to sacrifice or compromise workers' rights. Columbus DSA affirms the statements of the DSA Union and calls on the NPC to move away from its destructive approach by negotiating in good faith to minimize the number of layoffs. We Power DC The post We Power DC appeared first on Metro DC Democratic Socialists of America.
Crafts from polymer clay with their own hands. A large selection of tips and examples of products from polymer clay https://clay-crafts.com/ What is the Meaning of Common Good? The concept of common good is a broad term that has been used in many different ways throughout history. In general, it refers to the idea that the welfare of the entire community should be taken into account when making decisions. This means that individual interests should not be prioritized over the interests of the collective. In the political realm, the concept of common good is often used to describe policies and laws that are designed to benefit the larger population rather than just a few individuals. This includes things like public education, infrastructure, and healthcare. It also includes things like environmental protection and social welfare programs. Alles über Träume und Träume. Interpretation und Bedeutung der Träume https://traumauslegung.com/ The concept of common good is also used in the moral and ethical realm. In this context, it refers to actions and decisions that are beneficial for the greater good. This includes things like charity, volunteerism, and helping those in need. It also includes things like respecting other people's rights and working to create a more just society. At its core, the concept of common good is about looking beyond our own interests and considering the interests of the collective. It is about recognizing that our individual welfare is intertwined with the welfare of the whole. It is about understanding that our actions have consequences for others and that we should strive to make decisions that are beneficial for all.
- Home - Medical news & Guidelines - Anesthesiology - Cardiology and CTVS - Critical Care - Dentistry - Dermatology - Diabetes and Endocrinology - Gastroenterology - Medicine - Nephrology - Neurology - Obstretics-Gynaecology - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Orthopaedics - Pediatrics-Neonatology - Psychiatry - Pulmonology - Radiology - Surgery - Urology - Laboratory Medicine - Diet - Nursing - Paramedical - Physiotherapy - Health news - State News - Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Andhra Pradesh - Arunachal Pradesh - Assam - Bihar - Chandigarh - Chattisgarh - Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Daman and Diu - Delhi - Goa - Gujarat - Haryana - Himachal Pradesh - Jammu & Kashmir - Jharkhand - Karnataka - Kerala - Ladakh - Lakshadweep - Madhya Pradesh - Maharashtra - Manipur - Meghalaya - Mizoram - Nagaland - Odisha - Puducherry - Punjab - Rajasthan - Sikkim - Tamil Nadu - Telangana - Tripura - Uttar Pradesh - Uttrakhand - West Bengal - Medical Education - Industry First-of-its kind hormone replacement treatment shows promise in patient trials A first-of-its kind hormone replacement therapy that more closely replicates the natural circadian and ultradian rhythms of our hormones has shown to improve symptoms in patients with adrenal conditions. Results from the University of Bristol-led clinical trial are published today [20 October] in the Journal of Internal Medicine. Low levels of a key hormone called 'cortisol' is typically... A first-of-its kind hormone replacement therapy that more closely replicates the natural circadian and ultradian rhythms of our hormones has shown to improve symptoms in patients with adrenal conditions. Results from the University of Bristol-led clinical trial are published today [20 October] in the Journal of Internal Medicine. Low levels of a key hormone called 'cortisol' is typically a result of conditions such as Addison's and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. The hormone regulates a range of vital processes, from cognitive processes such as memory formation, metabolism and immune responses, through to blood pressure and blood sugar levels. When low, it can trigger symptoms of debilitating fatigue, nausea, muscle weakness, dangerously low blood pressure and depression. Although rare, these adrenal conditions require lifelong daily hydrocortisone replacement therapy. Although existing oral hormone replacement treatment can restore cortisol levels, it is still associated with an impaired quality of life for patients. Scientists believe this is because the current treatment does not mimic the body's normal physiological timing, missing cortisol's anticipatory rise and lacking its underlying ultradian and circadian rhythms. The new 'Pulsatility' therapy, the culmination of ten years research by the Bristol team, is designed to deliver standard hydrocortisone replacement to patients via a pump which replicates more closely cortisol's natural rhythmic secretion pattern. The pulsatile subcutaneous pump has now revealed promising results in its first clinical trial. Twenty participants aged 18 to 64 years with adrenal insufficiency conditions were assessed during the double-blinded PULSES six-week trial and treated with usual dose hydrocortisone replacement therapy administered either via the pump or the standard three times daily oral treatment. While only psychological and metabolic symptoms were assessed during the trial, results revealed the pump therapy decreased fatigue by approximately 10%, improved mood and increased patient energy levels by 30% first thing in the morning-a key time frame when many patients struggle. Patient MRI scans also revealed alteration in the way that the brain processes emotional information. Dr Georgina Russell, Honorary Lecturer at the University's Bristol Medical School, and the lead author, explained: "Patients on cortisol replacement therapy often have side effects which makes it difficult for them to lead normal lives. We hope this new therapy will offer greater hope for the thousands of people living with hormone insufficiency conditions." Stafford Lightman, a neuroendocrinology expert and Professor of Medicine at Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences (THS), and the study's joint lead author, added: "Besides reduction in dosage, cortisol replacement has remained unchanged for many decades. It is widely recognised that current replacement therapy is unphysiological due to its lack of pre-awakening surge, ultradian rhythmicity, and post dose supraphysiological peaks. The new therapy clearly shows that the timing of cortisol delivery- in line with the body's own rhythmic pattern of cortisol secretion – is important for normal cognition and behaviour. "Our findings support the administration of hormone therapy that mimics natural physiology, and is one of the first major advances in adrenal insufficiency treatment to date." Joe Miles, a participant on the PULSES trial, explained: "The Crono P pump has been life changing. I noticed a very quick improvement compared to tablets when I was on the PULSES study. I went from feeling tired all the time to having sudden energy. "When the PULSES study ended and I had to return the pump, I simply couldn't cope with going back to how I used to be, so I made it my mission to write to as many doctors to have it prescribed privately. "I've now been on it for six years and have introduced a number of other people with Addison's disease to the pump, and all of them have said it's life changing. Some have gone from being seriously ill to feeling better than they have done for years." Dr Russell said: "Approximately 1% of the UK population is taking steroids at any moment in time, these individuals can experience debilitating psychological side effects. This trial has shown that even at physiological levels, brain functioning is disrupted and that we need to explore not only the dose but the pattern of steroids delivery when considering any type of steroid treatment." Georgina Russell, Konstantinos Kalafatakis, Claire Durant, Nicola Marchant, Jamini Thakrar, Russell Thirard, Jade King, Jane Bowles, Thomas Upton, Ngoc Jade Thai, Jonathan C. W. Brooks, Aileen Wilson, Kirsty Phillips, Stuart Ferguson, Meryem Grabski, Chris A. Rogers, Theodoros Lampros, Sue Wilson, Catherine Harmer, Marcus Munafo, Stafford L. Lightman, Ultradian hydrocortisone replacement alters neuronal processing, emotional ambiguity, affect and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency: The PULSES trial, https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13721 Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: email@example.com. Contact no. 011-43720751
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Spirituality #07 – YOU Will Get What You Intended Channel: Mohammed Hijab Series: Mohammed Hijab - Spirituality File Size: 4.38MB - Ali Hammuda – A Dhul Hijjah Series Day 1 – Position Your Heart Correctly - Ahmed Hamed – Allah Calls You Unto Paradise And Forgiveness Jumuah Khutba Summary - Haifaa Younis – Ramadan Series Day 15 – The Month of Reading Quran - Tom Facchine – Minute with a Muslim #265 – What Are Your Pronouns - Haifaa Younis – Builders of a Nation #09 Zainab bint Khuzaymah (ra) - Faith IQ – What Should I Do If I Cannot Make Dua In Arabic - Mohammed Hijab – This Is What You Have Done AI: Summary © The speaker discusses the concept of intentions in Islam, which is based on intentions rather than actions. They use the example of Hara's instinctive behavior as an example of a pure intention, and how it can be broken into various forms of intentions. The speaker also discusses the importance of intentions in shaping behavior and bringing others into their own realm.Transcript © The whole religion really of Islam is based on intentions. The Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam told us in the Malama Lavinia to in the medical limit in Manila, that certainly all actions are based on intention. So what is intentions and intentions what Nia loosely translates into intentions are really things that Iran will which is usually presents as well cost, and that they are synonyms as well for for the word near. But what is it it's really like, having knowledge and then acting upon that knowledge. It's interesting when he starts off his book, he's got a book of intentions here and then he starts off his book talking about the purest type of intention, and something we can all relate to like, a Hara is the the the instinctive intentions, for example, it gives example of an individual is walking in the street or something and a wild animal, a dog tries to attack him, his will to want to run away from that dog or to avert the danger of that dog, for example, or a wild animal of some sorts, His will or his intention to not be in that particular place at that particular time, will be very pure, instinctive to the court. That is the purest kind of intention. But there are sometimes we have more than one intention by doing something like allows IT managers for example, an individual who fosse Yes, he may foster supererogatory, Foster, a supplementary Foster School it, but he might, he may do so not just for the fact that he wants to get an award, but he might feel like you know, this is good for my health, obviously. So if someone thinks that this will be good for my health, now they're mixing their attention, is that a bad thing necessarily? Well, it's not the same as having a pure intention, a fully pure intention. And so if you divide it into different kinds of things, like for example, in the sinful acts, you can never have good intention for that. Then we'll have the Met in Islam, the Haram things that will prohibited things, you can never have a good intention for that. As for the mobile hat, or the halal things in Islam, you can have a good intention, and you can transform them into a kind of worship, but you must be sincere and so doing, like, for example, if I drank something, or ate something, because I know that, okay, I've got, I've got some prayers I've got to do. So let me me drink this so that I can get stronger so I can do these things. Now, the act of eating itself SCORM has ever the act of eating and drinking itself will itself be an act of worship. But ironically, the third, if you like category of when you have to have good intentions is the most important, but it's where some of the biggest problems can be, which is worship itself, because that's when ostentation, can creep in, or the idea of React, the idea of doing something for show. And if, for example, if someone prays, obviously praying is meant to be purely for Allah subhanaw taala. Like if you're praying the fire prayers or fasting all these things, it'd be built of Allah, if you're doing it so other people can see you. Now you've added this aspects of RIA and this is the thing that the Prophet Muhammad wa salam says, worth the thing he fears the most of afflicting the Ummah is a React or he called the Usher as far as the minor shock, is a minor Shabbat is not so difficult to to absolve yourself from this. Someone saw that Allah Himself counsel does not have answers that Omar, Abdullah meclizine, Bella Hadid, that in sort of a unit that would they have not just they have not been commanded, except that they worship Allah alone. And the idea of having a sincere intention is something which is is central to the religion of Islam. And it's not so difficult. And some people might think this is so difficult. And a good litmus test for for its practicality would be if they if you're alone, and you pray, and you fast, and there's no one watching you, then this is most likely to be sincere action. Obviously, if you remove people from the equation, then there's no one to not object, a third party objects that you can show off to them that you're most likely therefore to be absolved of RIA. So ARIA ostentation is something which is the most amazing really think carefully about and as it really is, like the the basis of the religion of Islam. If you enjoyed that and you want to watch the next episode, click here.
SM5.0 Theory of Constraint (TOC) Find Remove Bottleneck The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is an important optimising technique that focuses on improving the throughput of work at the (usually) single bottleneck or constraint in the workflow. This Skills Module draws together a number of the 12Faces articles on the subject. One research project demonstrated that 89% of improvement in a manufacturing business came from the application of TOC. Yellow Belt. Marketing Channels: How to Choose the Best for Your Business The term Marketing Channel refers to avenues that you can use to direct people, who may be interested in your product (called Leads) , into the very top of your Sales Funnel. From here, they move down stages in your Sales Funnel while you try to convert them to customers who buy from you. This is an introductory article to assist you to begin to shortlist suitable Marketing channels. Yellow Belt. SM2.0 80/20 Principle – Double Sales, Triple Profits Introducing the 80/20 Principal The 80/20 Principle asserts that a minority of causes, inputs or effort usually lead to a majority of the results, outputs or rewards. Taken literally, this means that 80 percent of what you achieve in your job comes from 20 percent of the time spent. This implies that: 80% of your […] SM5.3 TOC to Optimise Your Sales Funnel Rapid Optimisation of Your Sales Funnel to Improve Profit The Sales Funnel is a well-known method of describing the several layers that a possible customer needs to pass through en route to becoming a customer. Each layer contributes more information about your business to the potential customer to encourage them to purchase. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is an optimising technique that can show you the very first place you should look at in your Sales Funnel for maximum increase in sales and ultimately profit yellow belt SM2.10 80/20 Sales Growth; Double Sales, Triple Profits The 80/20 Rule is readily applied to your sales team and processes. We outline some of the ways to improve sales performance in this discussion. The 80/20 Rule points out that sales can improve by as much as 16 times through diligent implementation of its principals. That might be a bit too far fetched for now but doubling Sales and tripling Profits is rather more likely. Yellow Belt Further reading on this topic was discussed in the article: SM2.1 The Amazing 80/20 Rule Tool 5 Whys Meets Sales Funnel The sales funnel concept refers to the process of tipping sales "leads" into the top of a "funnel". They then progressively move through the sales process ideally converting them to a sale at the bottom of the funnel. The 5 Why technique is a method of working our why something is not working or has gone wrong. As there is a great deal of uncertainty in the Sales Funnel process, applying the 5 Whys to sort through the unknowns can be useful. yellow belt
Market volatility can make even the most seasoned investors nervous, so with the 10-year bull market expected by many to end soon, it's important that advisors understand how attitudes, preferences and biases can impact investor decision-making. Behavioral finance – the field that combines psychology, economics and other social sciences to identify and understand why people make certain financial choices – can help advisors develop long-term relationships with their clients and build portfolios better suited to their clients. Investors are human, and therefore have the tendency to make emotional, biased investment decisions. Understanding the psychological or emotional factors that predispose investors to behavioral biases can help advisors differentiate their services and ultimately better serve their clients. To raise awareness about the impact behavioral biases can have on investors and advisors, Charles Schwab Investment Management and the have teamed up to host Behavioral Finance Week. Throughout the week of September 23-27, the two organizations will share information and resources on behavioral finance, including a new study that they published in collaboration with Cerulli Associates, the BeFi Barometer 2019. In honor of Behavioral Finance Week, I spoke to Omar Aguilar, CIO of equities and multi-asset strategies at Charles Schwab Investment Management, to discuss behavioral finance concepts and why it's important to understand them in this market environment. Omar holds a PhD from Duke University's Institute of Statistics and Decision Sciences, and has been analyzing global equity markets through a behavioral finance lens for more than two decades. What are the core principles of behavioral finance, and why is this field important in today's market environment? Omar: Human nature is complex, and behavioral finance studies how emotional, cognitive, and psychological factors influence investment decisions. Thousands of studies have confirmed that human beings are perfectly irrational in their decision making. Behavioral finance helps to explain the difference between expectations of efficient, rational investor behavior and actual behavior. In the midst of heightened market volatility, advisors will need to focus on behavioral aspects of wealth management, and develop a greater understanding of how biases can impact clients' investment decisions. Incorporating behavioral finance into their practice is key to enhancing the client experience, deepening relationships, retaining clients and potentially delivering better outcomes. How do biases show up in investor behavior or decision making, and how can they be detrimental to long-term financial goals? Omar: Behavioral finance proposes psychology-based theories to explain stock market anomalies (e.g., dramatic rises or falls in stock price), and to identify and understand why people make certain financial choices. Individual behaviors and thoughts impact spending, investing, trading, financial planning and portfolio management. The market is not one person, of course, but it represents the collective actions of individuals whose personal behavioral biases may be more or less dominant depending on their unique experiences. As bubbles and busts have unfolded over the last three decades, the insights into market behavior provided by behavioral finance have become harder to brush aside. First, even if prices are rational and investors are not, that still leaves a huge potential source of friction. Absent some framework for managing that disconnect, rationalizing investors' expectations with their actual needs becomes a perpetual challenge. Do behavioral biases differ among generations? If so, can you talk about the most common biases you see by different age groups, and why we might see those discrepancies? Omar: Addressing clients' generational biases can lead to more effective communication, stronger client relationships and potentially better investment outcomes. The BeFi Barometer 2019 survey showed, for example, that Millennials are most likely to fall prey to herding bias, which is the propensity to gravitate to the latest investment trend for fear of missing out. Baby Boomers tend to have anchoring bias (a tendency to focus on specific reference points when making investment decisions) and be overconfident. They like to take risks and believe that markets will eventually deliver positive performance. Generation X tends to exhibit recency bias (being easily influenced by recent news events or experiences) the most. Finally, the Silent Generation tends to be affected by home bias. Can you talk a little bit about recency bias and what it means when markets are volatile? Omar: Recency bias often manifests itself by seeking information that reinforces established perceptions. In volatile markets, investors may overestimate the risk in their portfolio and rotate towards safety assets without any economic or fundamental reason for it. Conversely, positive short term gains can lead to investors taking unnecessary risks. The BeFi Barometer 2019 shows that recency bias is the number one behavioral bias advisors observe impacting their clients' investments decisions. Often investors work with advisors who are not immune from holding biases themselves. What are the top biases that impact advisor perspectives and decision-making? Omar: We're all human, so all investors, advisors and professional money managers are subject to biases. According to our survey, advisors tend to be risk averse therefore loss aversion is the most prevalent bias. Feeling worse about losses than gains is the most relevant behavioral bias that affects their decision making. How can investors mitigate these risks? Omar: To mitigate these risks, the main objective for advisors is to find the right balance between what their clients want and what their clients need. A robust portfolio construction process with a disciplined and systematic implementation plan can help provide a solid framework to mitigate biases and potentially enhance client outcomes. Advisors should look to understand their clients' needs and biases, and then adjust client needs and the initial asset allocation to account for these emotional and behavioral biases. Advisors that can recognize the risk profile of their clients during the portfolio construction process will be more prepared to deal with behavioral biases as they arise, and help clients stick with their long-term plans. At CSIM, we have a program, Biagnostics, that can help advisors incorporate behavioral finance into their practice. It's designed to create an emotionally and financially customized client experience by addressing behavioral biases and generational challenges. I'm an experienced professional in the field of finance, specializing in behavioral finance and investment analysis. With a background in statistics and decision sciences from Duke University, I've spent over two decades analyzing global equity markets through the lens of behavioral finance. My expertise lies in understanding how emotional, cognitive, and psychological factors influence investment decisions, and I've been actively involved in researching and applying behavioral finance principles to real-world investment scenarios. Now, let's break down the concepts mentioned in the article you provided: Behavioral Finance: This field combines psychology, economics, and other social sciences to understand why people make certain financial choices. It acknowledges that investors are not always rational and examines how emotional and psychological factors influence investment decisions. Biases: Behavioral biases refer to systematic patterns of deviation from rationality in judgment and decision-making. They can lead investors to make suboptimal decisions based on emotions rather than facts. Market Volatility: Refers to the degree of variation in trading prices over time for a financial instrument. High volatility often leads to increased uncertainty and can trigger emotional responses from investors, impacting their decision-making. BeFi Barometer 2019: A study conducted by Charles Schwab Investment Management and Cerulli Associates to assess the impact of behavioral biases on investors and advisors. It provides insights into common biases and their effects on investment decisions. Generational Biases: Different age groups exhibit distinct behavioral biases influenced by their unique experiences and perspectives. The article mentions biases observed among Millennials, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Silent Generation. Recency Bias: This bias involves giving more weight to recent events or information when making decisions, leading to overreaction to short-term market movements. Herding Bias: The tendency to follow the crowd or the latest investment trend, often driven by fear of missing out (FOMO). Anchoring Bias: The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions, even if it's irrelevant. Overconfidence Bias: The tendency to overestimate one's own abilities or the accuracy of one's predictions. Home Bias: The inclination to invest a disproportionate amount of wealth in domestic assets rather than diversifying globally. Loss Aversion: The tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring equivalent gains, leading to a greater sensitivity to losses than gains. Portfolio Construction: The process of selecting and allocating assets to achieve specific investment objectives while considering factors such as risk tolerance, time horizon, and diversification. Robust Portfolio Construction: Building portfolios that are resilient to market fluctuations and behavioral biases by incorporating disciplined and systematic investment strategies. Biagnostics: A program offered by Charles Schwab Investment Management designed to help advisors incorporate behavioral finance principles into their practice. It aims to create emotionally and financially customized client experiences by addressing behavioral biases and generational challenges. These concepts illustrate the importance of understanding behavioral finance in navigating today's market environment, where emotions and biases can significantly impact investment decisions and outcomes.
Huntington Highsteppers Heading to HawaiiHuntington Highsteppers Heading to HawaiiThe dance team from Huntington High School will be performing at the 80th anniversary Pearl Harbor Concert Series.Danny MerrellDanny Merrell Pearl Harbor – A Day Which Will Live In 'World History'?Pearl Harbor – A Day Which Will Live In 'World History'?As we mark the remembrance of this, the 70th anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, there are images that stay with us, such as the vision of the USS Arizona engulfed in flames. There are words as well, such as 'A day that will live in infamy'. However, how close were we to never hearing those words?Danny MerrellDanny Merrell Pearl Harbor Day Remembered by Billy Ray Cyrus, Rascal Flatts' Jay DeMarcusPearl Harbor Day Remembered by Billy Ray Cyrus, Rascal Flatts' Jay DeMarcusToday marks 70 years since the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on Dec. 7, 1941, which killed 2,402 Americans and wounded more than half as many, effectively starting World War II. People worldwide are undoubtedly taking time out of their day to think about the devastating attack that changed everything, country music stars included.Amanda HenselAmanda Hensel Pearl Harbor Day 2011 – We Remember [VIDEO]Pearl Harbor Day 2011 – We Remember [VIDEO]Today marks the 70th anniversary of the 'day that will live in infamy'. 2403 brave men and women lost their lives on December 7th, 1941. To many, unfortunately, it's just a number. I was able to find a video which scrolls the names of all who were killed...it certainly gives you a better personal appreciation of the loss of life. That video and another video honoring the day follow the jump. ReDanny MerrellDanny Merrell 9/11, Pearl Harbor, And My 11th Grade History Class9/11, Pearl Harbor, And My 11th Grade History ClassI was not alive when Pearl Harbor happened. Heck, my mom was only 4 years old at the time. Much like anyone born years after 1941, I knew the details about the attack on Pearl Harbor, but I could hardly fathom the feelings of the profound significance of that terrible day on December 7th. That all changed for me in 1980, and even more so in 2001.Danny MerrellDanny Merrell
De Quervain's tenosynovitis causes swelling of the tendons around the base of your thumb, resulting in tenderness and pain along the inside of your wrist. This condition can make turning your wrist, making a fist, or grasping an object uncomfortable. What is De Quervain's Tenosynovitis? What is De Quervain's Tenosynovitis?Tendons are soft tissues that attach muscle to bone. Two of the primary tendons that help move your thumb extend through a passageway in your wrist called a sheath. The tendons are covered by a slippery tissue called synovium, which helps them slide smoothly through the sheath. In people with de Quervain's tenosynovitis (also known as de Quervain's syndrome, de Quervain's disease, or de Quervain's tendinosis), the tendons become swollen or the sheath thickens. This puts pressure and friction on the tendons and inhibits their ability to slide smoothly through the sheath, causing inflammation and pain. Signs & Symptoms of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis SymptomsIf you have de Quervain's tenosynovitis, you may experience the following symptoms: - Pain over the thumb side of the wrist. This is the main symptom of de Quervain's tenosynovitis. The pain may appear either gradually or suddenly. Pain is felt in the wrist and can travel up the forearm. The pain is usually worse when the hand and thumb are in use. This is especially true when grasping, pinching, or lifting objects, or when you twist your wrist. - Feeling a sensation of catching or snapping when you move your thumb - Swelling over the affected area. In some cases, a cyst forms - Difficulty moving your thumb or wrist due to discomfort What Causes De Quervain's Tenosynovitis? CausesDe Quervain's tenosynovitis most often happens from overuse, when you do too much of a certain type of movement (repetitive stress injury). It may also result from a direct injury to the thumb or rheumatoid arthritis. Common gripping activities that can cause de Quervain's tenosynovitis include: - Racquet sports - Gardening - Frequent lifting of an infant or a young child - Using tools such as a hammer - Skiing Risk Factors Risk FactorsPeople at increased risk of de Quervain's tenosynovitis include: - Women - People who are pregnant or breastfeeding - People with rheumatoid arthritis - Childcare workers who frequently lift young children - Athletes such as tennis, racquetball, and squash players and skiers - Workers whose jobs require repetitive use of hand tools - People who garden PreventionThere are numerous steps you can take to prevent the chance of developing de Quervain's tenosynovitis: - Avoid repetitive wrist movements - Take frequent breaks if your job or hobby puts repetitive strain on your wrist - Consider doing certain de Quervain's tenosynovitis exercises that can stretch your thumb and wrist and relieve the pressure on those joints - Wear a splint or brace to provide support and limit movement in your thumb and wrist during your activities Trust NewYork-Presbyterian for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis Care If thumb or wrist pain is interfering with your daily activities, visiting a hand specialist can help. The hand surgeons and occupational therapists at NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia Orthopedics are experts in the care of de Quervain's tenosynovitis and other conditions affecting the hand, wrist, and arm. Our team will carefully assess your symptoms and provide the most effective treatment to meet your needs. Call us to make an appointment for a consultation.
The Uncooled IR Camera Diaries The Uncooled IR Camera Diaries Blog Article The composite wing was created at the Cranfield composite lab, Using the know-how that it is made up of no defects. Nonetheless, to display the UAV NDT inspection, debris was positioned inside the wing to reveal an abnormality. The SF6 release experiment is performed outdoors. SF6 is unveiled in the sealed metal cylinder ten m absent by using a movement charge of 2 L/min. The subsequent figures present the classification benefits frames with SF6 colored in yellow. Images of a handprint on a wall taken with the uncooled thermal imaging camera, and once more following two minutes. Developing inefficiencies for example heat decline due to lousy insulation, air leaks in HVAC units, and h2o leaks in structures. SF6 launch experiment and classification final results colored in yellow. Each individual image is taken eight s intervals. content posted less than an open accessibility Resourceful Frequent CC BY license, any Section of the write-up could possibly be reused with no Indium antimonide Thermal imaging units are getting to be mainstream devices in a variety of industrial, scientific, procedure Manage, and armed forces environments. Given that enhancement started during the late 1960's, thermal imaging methods have developed into extremely moveable, simple to operate, and inexpensive devices. The calibration fitting in Determine 5 aims to adjust the temperature worth altered by filter installment, that's represented as coefficient The camera will obtain radiation from the thing of fascination, combined with radiation from its surroundings that was mirrored on to the thing's surface area. Both of those radiation elements grow to be attenuated every time they pass through the ambiance. Even though the cooling equipment may very well be comparatively cumbersome and high priced, cooled infrared cameras present enormously top-quality impression top quality when compared with uncooled kinds, specifically of objects in close proximity to or underneath space temperature. Additionally, the better sensitivity of cooled cameras also permit the use of bigger File-quantity lenses, making significant general performance prolonged focal size lenses both lesser and less costly for cooled detectors. Far more not too long ago, the decreasing of selling prices has assisted gasoline the adoption of infrared viewing engineering. Innovative optics and sophisticated program interfaces proceed to improve the versatility of IR cameras. An infrared scanner actions human temperature, often mounted for ongoing checking and with a large Exhibit. Inside the medical discipline, thermal imaging cameras can detect improvements in human body temperature, aiding during the early detection of circumstances like breast cancer. SNR1 is here dependent upon the average qualifications level, and the outcome exhibited had been noticeably distinct than the Other folks, thus incorrectly quantifying the defect.
Location: Kuralt Trl, Beargrass, NC 27892 Within the Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge, approximately two miles north of Williamston, is the Charles Kuralt Trail. This 1.3 mile trail provides opportunities for visitors to birdwatch and observe other wildlife, with a variety of different species all native to eastern North Carolina calling the refuge a home. Due to it's proximity to North Carolina's inner sounds and the coastline, as well as the region's unique geography, a wide variety of migratory birds can be observed in this area, especially from March to May and September to October when migration seasons are at their peak. Parking is available at the trail and the trailhead is located on the US Highway 17 (northbound), where an information sign and guided brochures can be found to enhance the relaxing nature experience which the trail brings, as well as help visitors identify different plants and wildlife. The namesake of the trail, Charles Kuralt, is a North Carolina native who spent many of his years as a journalist highlighting the various National Wildlife Refuges across the nation, and throughout his career took a special interest in exploring and showcasing the more remote natural areas of the country. The trail is open to the public during daylight hours year-round. Managed hunts take place on designated days during the spring turkey and fall deer hunts, which requires closing the trail to the public. You can contact the Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge Admin Center to get more information on when the trail will be closed. Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge Admin Center Contact Information – 252-794-3808 Please practice Leave No Trace when enjoying the trail and be courteous of others. *When leaving the trail entrance, please note that it is RIGHT TURN ONLY onto US Highway 17.
Giant Language Fashions (LLMs) have contributed to advancing the area of pure language processing (NLP), but an current hole persists in contextual understanding. LLMs can typically produce inaccurate or unreliable responses, a phenomenon often known as "hallucinations." As an example, with ChatGPT, the prevalence of hallucinations is approximated to be round 15% to twenty% round 80% of the time. Retrieval Augmented Era (RAG) is a robust Synthetic Intelligence (AI) framework designed to deal with the context hole by optimizing LLM's output. RAG leverages the huge exterior information by retrievals, enhancing LLMs' capacity to generate exact, correct, and contextually wealthy responses. Let's discover the importance of RAG inside AI methods, unraveling its potential to revolutionize language understanding and era. What's Retrieval Augmented Era (RAG)? As a hybrid framework, RAG combines the strengths of generative and retrieval fashions. This mix faucets into third-party information sources to help inside representations and to generate extra exact and dependable solutions. The structure of RAG is distinctive, mixing sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) fashions with Dense Passage Retrieval (DPR) elements. This fusion empowers the mannequin to generate contextually related responses grounded in correct data. RAG establishes transparency with a strong mechanism for fact-checking and validation to make sure reliability and accuracy. How Retrieval Augmented Era Works? In 2020, Meta launched the RAG framework to increase LLMs past their coaching information. Like an open-book examination, RAG allows LLMs to leverage specialised information for extra exact responses by accessing real-world data in response to questions, somewhat than relying solely on memorized info. Authentic RAG Mannequin by Meta (Picture Supply) This modern method departs from a data-driven method, incorporating knowledge-driven elements, enhancing language fashions' accuracy, precision, and contextual understanding. Moreover, RAG capabilities in three steps, enhancing the capabilities of language fashions. Core Parts of RAG (Picture Supply) - Retrieval: Retrieval fashions discover data linked to the consumer's immediate to reinforce the language mannequin's response. This includes matching the consumer's enter with related paperwork, guaranteeing entry to correct and present data. Strategies like Dense Passage Retrieval (DPR) and cosine similarity contribute to efficient retrieval in RAG and additional refine findings by narrowing it down. - Augmentation: Following retrieval, the RAG mannequin integrates consumer question with related retrieved information, using immediate engineering methods like key phrase extraction, and so forth. This step successfully communicates the knowledge and context with the LLM, guaranteeing a complete understanding for correct output era. - Era: On this part, the augmented data is decoded utilizing an acceptable mannequin, reminiscent of a sequence-to-sequence, to provide the final word response. The era step ensures the mannequin's output is coherent, correct, and tailor-made in accordance with the consumer's immediate. What are the Advantages of RAG? RAG addresses crucial challenges in NLP, reminiscent of mitigating inaccuracies, lowering reliance on static datasets, and enhancing contextual understanding for extra refined and correct language era. RAG's modern framework enhances the precision and reliability of generated content material, enhancing the effectivity and adaptableness of AI methods. 1. Decreased LLM Hallucinations By integrating exterior information sources throughout immediate era, RAG ensures that responses are firmly grounded in correct and contextually related data. Responses may characteristic citations or references, empowering customers to independently confirm data. This method considerably enhances the AI-generated content material's reliability and diminishes hallucinations. 2. Up-to-date & Correct Responses RAG mitigates the time cutoff of coaching information or inaccurate content material by repeatedly retrieving real-time data. Builders can seamlessly combine the most recent analysis, statistics, or information straight into generative fashions. Furthermore, it connects LLMs to reside social media feeds, information websites, and dynamic data sources. This characteristic makes RAG a useful instrument for purposes demanding real-time and exact data. 3. Value-efficiency Chatbot growth typically includes using basis fashions which are API-accessible LLMs with broad coaching. But, retraining these FMs for domain-specific information incurs excessive computational and monetary prices. RAG optimizes useful resource utilization and selectively fetches data as wanted, lowering pointless computations and enhancing general effectivity. This improves the financial viability of implementing RAG and contributes to the sustainability of AI methods. 4. Synthesized Data RAG creates complete and related responses by seamlessly mixing retrieved information with generative capabilities. This synthesis of various data sources enhances the depth of the mannequin's understanding, providing extra correct outputs. 5. Ease of Coaching RAG's user-friendly nature is manifested in its ease of coaching. Builders can fine-tune the mannequin effortlessly, adapting it to particular domains or purposes. This simplicity in coaching facilitates the seamless integration of RAG into numerous AI methods, making it a flexible and accessible resolution for advancing language understanding and era. RAG's capacity to unravel LLM hallucinations and information freshness issues makes it an important instrument for companies trying to improve the accuracy and reliability of their AI methods. Use Instances of RAG RAG's adaptability gives transformative options with real-world influence, from information engines to enhancing search capabilities. 1. Information Engine RAG can remodel conventional language fashions into complete information engines for up-to-date and genuine content material creation. It's particularly precious in eventualities the place the most recent data is required, reminiscent of in academic platforms, analysis environments, or information-intensive industries. 2. Search Augmentation By integrating LLMs with serps, enriching search outcomes with LLM-generated replies improves the accuracy of responses to informational queries. This enhances the consumer expertise and streamlines workflows, making it simpler to entry the mandatory data for his or her duties.. 3. Textual content Summarization RAG can generate concise and informative summaries of huge volumes of textual content. Furthermore, RAG saves customers effort and time by enabling the event of exact and thorough textual content summaries by acquiring related information from third-party sources. 4. Query & Reply Chatbots Integrating LLMs into chatbots transforms follow-up processes by enabling the automated extraction of exact data from firm paperwork and information bases. This elevates the effectivity of chatbots in resolving buyer queries precisely and promptly. Future Prospects and Improvements in RAG With an rising deal with customized responses, real-time data synthesis, and decreased dependency on fixed retraining, RAG guarantees revolutionary developments in language fashions to facilitate dynamic and contextually conscious AI interactions. As RAG matures, its seamless integration into various purposes with heightened accuracy gives customers a refined and dependable interplay expertise. Go to Unite.ai for higher insights into AI improvements and expertise.
Interlayer diffusion. Earlier research (7, 24, 402) showed that the properties of a profitable blocking layer depend on the diffusing species under consideration as well as the conditions of diffusion. Some have identified that covalent cross-linking could be the only method to cease interlayer diffusion of polymers (7, 43), whereas others have noted that electrostatic interactions might be used to cease interlayer diffusion (24, 44, 45). Of interest to this study is how blocking layers allow the controlled production of freefloating PEM films by preserving the desired dissolution properties of a sacrificial area that anchors a pH-stable PEM film to a substrate surface. When released, these free-floating assemblies have already been made use of for tissue engineering (46) and drug delivery (five, six). Within this paper, we created a model method that enables the study of common attributes of interlayer diffusion identified in several PEM systems, which includes blocking-layer effectiveness. The sacrificial component of this model PEM technique is actually a hydrogen-bonded area [poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide)] (PAA/PEO) that's insoluble at low pH but becomes soluble at a essential larger pH. A pH-stable PEM technique depending on chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) is assembled on major of this sacrificial area with the aim of developing an on-demand pH-triggered release of the chitosan /HA multilayer films. Previously, we utilized a related approach to make cellular backpacks that attach to immune technique cells via certain interactions involving HA and CD-44 receptors on the cell surface (five). From these earlier studies, it became apparent that the assembly of chitosan /HA onto a hydrogen-bonded area rendered the entire multilayer technique insoluble under pH situations that should dissolve the sacrificial region.Enterolactone manufacturer As a result, this operate seeks to determine no matter whether interlayer diffusion of chitosan/HA causes the adjustments in solubility and how suitable blocking layers can avoid these alterations. From a fundamental viewpoint, this model program enables the exploration of elements including the competitors between hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in multilayers, the design of an effective blocking layer, the exchange of film elements with a surrounding remedy, plus the extent and kinetics of interlayer diffusion.Triolein supplier Applying XPS depth-profiling information acquired with C60+ cluster ion sputtering, we discover that chitosan diffuses properly in to the hydrogen-bonded region from the multilayer film and displaces the hydrogen-bonded component PEO.PMID:26895888 Moreover, we show that this interlayer diffusion procedure might be blocked entirely with only a single adsorbed layer of a polycation. Benefits and Discussion The model PEM films examined within this function were assembled on glass slides coated with an 80-nm poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (SPS) adhesionpromoting multilayer. Above this adhesion layer, was a hydrogenbonded film composed of PAA and PEO. The solubility of this hydrogen-bonded PEM system is pH sensitive, and above a pH of 3.6, itwill dissolve in water (47). Fig. 1 shows a cartoon representation of your multilayer heterostructures examined within this function, together with the experimentally determined thicknesses of your different regions from the multilayer. In Fig. 1A, the experiments involved immersing a hydrogen-bonded multilayer film within a chitosan answer for varying amounts of time. In Fig. 1B, blocking layers containing varying numbers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and SPS layers.
Today's word of the day is 'Malice.' Let us understand more about this word. [responsivevoice] Malice [/responsivevoice] [mal-is ] What is this word's grammar? The word is a noun, i.e., it is the main subject of a sentence. Does the word have a past tense? What is it? 2. Vengefulness 3. Rancor 4. Bad blood How is the word pronounced in popular languages? 1. Hindi- Dvesh 2. Spanish – Malicia 3. French – Malice 4. Mandarin – Èyì How to use this word in a sentence? 1. She would confute the malice spoken by Koúmé, by parent and child. 2. His malice towards Smith was of the bitterest character, and he had an opportunity now of making it felt. 3. Newman gave him a friendly nod, to show that he bore him no malice, and retraced his steps. 4. However, it was not merely his personal attack on me that made me imagine that he was actuated by malice. 5. Observe how you unfit yourselves for all holy duties, and communion with God, while you cherish wrath and malice in your hearts. What are some synonyms of the word of the day? Some synonyms of the word are: What are some antonyms of the word of the day? Some antonyms of the word are: friendliness, friendship, goodwill, happiness, kindness, like, liking, love, loving, respect, sympathy, morality, benevolence, thoughtfulness etc. The rising sun can dispel the darkness of night, but it cannot banish the blackness of malice, hatred, bigotry, and selfishness from the hearts of humanity. David O. McKay Social Example: Did you miss out on reading this Word of the Day? Catch up now! Click here to read.
While I am only a first-year photographer for The Daily Princetonian, I have already taken dozens of photos of Nassau Hall. Frequently I have passed by a print copy of the 'Prince' or opened the app only to be greeted by one of my own stock photos above an Opinion column or a News article. Indeed, the building has become a stand-in for a photo of the school administration, or more abstract events such as an antisemitism investigation, the admission of the Class of 2028, or even the recent earthquake that struck campus. These stock photos can be used as a visual shorthand for Princeton as a whole, including the school's reputation of existing within an "Orange Bubble" that separates campus from the "real world." By this logic, if nothing worth photographing ever happens on campus, another photo of Nassau Hall will do. In addition to the ubiquitous stock photos, I frequently take photographs of demonstrations happening on campus. These demonstrations typically take place in front of Nassau Hall, with chants and signs addressed directly to school administration, whose offices lie within. At this point, I have photographed so many events there that it is no exaggeration to say that I know exactly what to expect, where to stand, and where the light will fall at any time of day. Nassau Hall has also been closely tied to the major issues of the nation since its construction in 1756. As any tour guide can tell you, the walls withstood cannonballs during the Battle of Princeton, and the building even served as the provisional capital of the United States during the end of the Revolutionary War. However, what is less likely to be discussed on admitted students' days is the tradition of activism associated with the building, such as the 2015 Black Justice League sit-in of Nassau Hall that demanded a reckoning with the school's deeply racist past, the 1995 takeover that demanded the creation of ethnic studies and a more diverse faculty, and several occupations, blockades, and encampments related to divestment from the South African Apartheid. By staging events outside of Nassau Hall, student organizers knowingly enter into dialogue with these past movements and historical moments. Indeed, the site continues to be relevant to the Princeton community as a focal point for more contemporary issues that reach beyond the Orange Bubble such as the national resurgence of the labor movement. After the summer break, students, workers, and labor organizers held a rally in front of Nassau Hall — the first collaborative labor action on campus of the 2023–2024 academic year. "There's a flurry of labor activity [around Princeton]. It's really energizing and really good to see. And obviously it's connected to the broader labor movement that we see in the nation, in the country." Abby Leibowitz '26 said, the electoral coordinator of the Princeton Young Democratic Socialists of America (YDSA). Leibowitz is a senior News writer for the 'Prince.' This symbol — so entrenched in our idea of Princeton — is also one of the spots where the campus dialogue escapes the bubble and reaches into the broader Princeton community. "[Princeton is] the belly of the monster, as one can say — there's so much wealth and power and privilege here, and yet there's still employees who are not able to afford housing anywhere nearby by working multiple jobs," Leibowitz added. "I think as students, it's important to leverage our power to just show that we value them." Princeton University Postdocs and Scholars (PUPS) recently organized a demonstration in which organizers marched from the north lawn of Frist Student Center to Nassau Hall in order to deliver an open letter to the university administration. Though the discourse may take place at Nassau Hall, the labor issues seen on Princeton's campus discourse are not unique to the Orange Bubble. "Our postdoc unionization effort is part of a much larger movement in higher ed," Jessica Ng, a member of the PUPS Organizing Committee, told the 'Prince.' "The vulnerability of academic workers — graduate students, postdocs, even faculty — has been exposed, so we're realizing that we have to work together and organize ourselves just to afford to live near our workplace and maybe even have a child in our thirties." PUPS is currently set to hold an election in early May. Organizers with Princeton Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) also look beyond the limits of Princeton's campus. On Friday, April 19, students protesting against the mass arrest of pro-Palestinian student organizers at Columbia assembled on the north side of Nassau Hall, while the Class of 2026 simultaneously celebrated Declaration Day just on the other side of the building, on Cannon Green. Later, the demonstration would move to the other side of Nassau Hall to interrupt the Declaration Day activities. Nipuna Ginige '26, the treasurer of Princeton SJP, led chants at the demonstration while wearing a white keffiyeh over his black and orange Declaration Day class sweater, with several other sophomores in the crowd doing the same. To me as a photographer, the visual contrast between the events on either side of the building was striking. While one crowd of students celebrated among colorful food trucks, the other protested the mass arrests of nonviolent pro-Palestinian student protesters in New York. In an interview, Ginige additionally framed the pro-Palestine demonstration as a part of an international movement. "There's a huge history of student organizing and a huge lineage that's horizontal, connecting us to all the other SJPs, all the other college students, and even outside of the United States," Ginige said. Additionally, he placed the action within the context of historical movements whose protests also took place at Nassau Hall. "Take a look at South African Apartheid. If you look at the Vietnam War, a big push for why the United States pulled out of those is because of college campuses." These protests contain a celebration of what the University is and can be, as well as a demand for it to be better. Demonstrations on campus may be visually similar to one another, but that is intentional. Speaking on contemporary issues from the steps of Nassau Hall is an echo of the past, reaching through history like the vines of ivy that crawl up the old walls. Nassau Hall is not only an ambiguous stock photo to represent anything Princeton related — it is also a shorthand for both the institutional history of Princeton and the hopes of its community for the future, a site of revolutionary ideas and reconciliation and where Princeton's 278-year history meets the present moment. So as long as things keep happening at Nassau Hall, I will keep showing up to take photos there. Calvin Grover is an associate Photo editor for the 'Prince.' Please send any corrections to corrections[at]dailyprincetonian.com.
Learn tenses Future, past, or present? We break down each English grammar tense. Continue learning English »English grammar can be learned much more easily if the different English word types are recognized and distinguished. You will lay a foundation for understanding English grammar that will make it much simpler. Discover the nine English parts of speech, which include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and more, as well as their functions in sentences. Part of speech \| example \| \| Noun \| Designates person, place, thing, event or concept \| apple, dog, car \| Pronouns \| Substitutes noun or other part of speech for efficient speech \| He, I, We \| Adjectives \| Describes a noun or pronoun in more detail \| beautiful, scary, nice \| Adverbs \| Describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb more closely \| daily, annually, extremely \| Prepositions \| Expresses place, time, direction, relationship of another part of speech \| up, down, after \| Conjunctions \| A conjunction is a word that connects words, sentences, or parts of sentences. \| \| Interjections \| Express emotions, moods, or sensations. \| Ahh!, Whoa!, Oops! \| Articles \| Accompanies nouns and determines accuracy. \| a, an, the \| English \| Meaning \| Example \| Noun \| Noun: Denotes persons or things. \| Malta is a beautiful destination. \| Verb \| Activity Word: Expresses an action or state. \| I travel to Malta. \| Adjective \| Property word: Describes the noun in more detail. \| The trip to Malta was beautiful. \| Pronouns \| Proverb: Stands in place of a noun \| He is travelling to Malta. \| Adverb \| Circumstance word: Describes a verb, an adjective, or another He immediately decided to travel to Malta. \| \| Conjunction \| Connecting word: Connects words or groups of words together \| He travelled to Malta and liked it there. \| Preposition \| Proportion word: Expresses in which relation persons or objects are located. \| She is on a flight to Malta. \| Interjection \| Exclamation: Expresses a sentiment or request. \| Look, he is learning English. \| English \| Explanation \| Example words \| Possessive pronoun \| Possessing \| Mine, Yours, His, Hers, My, Your \| Demonstrative pronoun \| Denotes and identifies a noun \| This, These, That, Those \| Personal pronoun \| Refers to a specific person \| I, You, He, She, we ... \| Reflexive pronoun \| Refers to the subject of the sentence \| Myself, Yourself, Herself, Himself, Itself, Ourself, Yourself, Themselves \| Definitely one of the most beautiful English language schools in Malta. About the English school »English courses for adults (Business English also available). About English courses »Supervised English programme for kids between the ages of 14 and 21. English classes for kids »
When learning a language, sometimes it's good to check in with oneself and reassess one's goals. Why are you learning Chinese? What's your motivation? Whether it's for personal growth, interest, or obtaining a specific objective, there is a myriad of good reasons to learn Mandarin Chinese. And, just in case the pandemic and the closed borders have been dampening your spirit a little, here are 9 meowsome reasons to learn or keep learning Chinese. All posts tagged tips The super hidden (and insanely useful) tone trick no one tells you about Ninchanese December 7, 2018An easy way to memorize and pronounce tones! The first time you hear a Chinese speaking a sentence, were you like "wow, I understand nothing and why do they sound like they're going on a rollercoaster"? No wonder, you're hearing tones for the first time! They may seem daunting, but I have a secret to tell you. There's a super easy tone trick to know: you're actually already using tones in English, so all you need to do is apply that knowledge to your Chinese! Read on so I can explain more. read moreSometimes you think you know a Chinese word, but when you try to type it in your Chinese IME, you can't find it. I'm sure this has happened multiple times to you. It could be for various reasons, maybe you don't have the right pinyin. Or maybe there's a spelling mistake in what you're typing. How do you know? How do you find the Chinese character you are looking for? read moreSummer is almost here! Time for many outdoor activities such as picnics, tanning, swimming but also forgetting about your Chinese learning. How can you prevent that from happening? Check out these 10 ways to avoid summer Chinese learning loss in having fun. read more10 Popular Chinese TV Shows to Help You Learn Chinese Ninchanese April 12, 2016Are you a big TV show fan and looking for a fun way to improve your Chinese? You can do both by watching Chinese TV shows. Watching Chinese TV shows is a really good and enjoyable method to level up your Chinese. The Nincha team knows that having fun makes learning more effective so we've made a list of popular Chinese TV shows to watch to practice your listening skills. Who said you can't have fun when studying? read moreChinese Names: The 5-Step Guide to Create Yours Ninchanese April 7, 2016Living the life in China but still being considered as a Laowai? Well, it's time for you to get yourself a Chinese name. Chinese names are a great way to show you want to fit in Chinese society… that is if you choose your name well! So we put together a 5-step guide to help you choose the perfect Chinese names according to your personality or your taste. All you have to do is to keep a paper and a pen next to you and write down your ideas as you go along. read moreSaying thank you in Chinese is as essential as saying hello in everyday life and is a must-know in your Survival Chinese toolkit. Whether you're traveling to China or living in China, thank you in Chinese is a basic word you'll find yourself using all the time. As you know, being polite and thankful towards people will always bring you good things, especially if you make the effort to say them in their native language. Try these expressions to see! read more20 fundamental Chinese phrases you need to know Ninchanese March 4, 2016First time going to China? Lucky you! You're going to have such an amazing time there! What? You're excited but a little worried because you don't know many useful Chinese phrases? You know how to say 你好 nǐhǎo hello, 谢谢 xièxie thank you, 不客气 búkèqi you're welcome, and 请 qǐng please in Mandarin Chinese, but these don't seem enough? If you have some time before you go, we suggest you learn Chinese a little more (we know a great place). No time, you're leaving next week? Worry not; we've got your back. We've prepared 20 survival sentences that you'll find yourself using all the time in China! This Mandarin survival kit has everything you need to face anything. Learn these 20 phrases and know that, whatever happens, you'll be ready to deal with it! Ready? read more10 tips to get the most out of Ninchanese Ninchanese February 18, 2016Welcome to Ninchanese! Ninchanese has a simple and intuitive interface and system you can use to have fun learning Chinese, but we've found some features and aspects that can sometimes be overlooked. We want you to have a blast learning Chinese on Ninchanese, so here are a few great tips to have a fully enjoyable Chinese learning experience on Ninchanese. Use these 10 tips and tricks to get the most out of Ninchanese. read more7 ways to say Yes in Chinese Ninchanese August 22, 2014Yes is a very useful word to learn in any language. You use it to show you agree, to show your enthusiasm, to seal a deal and in many many different situations. As a Chinese learner, you were surely taught that while there is no direct equivalent to Yes in Chinese, 是 is an acceptable substitute. But there is more!
Gutter hangers play a crucial role in home maintenance, ensuring the stability and functionality of gutter systems. Essential for directing rainwater away from a home's foundation, they prevent water damage and maintain the structural integrity of the property. This guide delves into seven key types of gutter hangers, each catering to different structural needs and preferences. Hidden hangers offer a seamless look and are valued for their aesthetic appeal and easy installation. T-Bar hangers, known for their robustness, stand out with their unique design, providing both strength and durability. Spike and Ferrule hangers, traditional yet effective, are favored for their straightforward installation and reliability. Strap hangers, adaptable to various roofing types, are recognized for their longevity and versatility. Half-round hangers, chosen for their visual appeal, can pose installation challenges but offer distinct style benefits. Wrap around hangers, notable for their weather resistance, ensure a strong hold in harsh conditions. Lastly, vinyl hangers present a modern, cost-effective solution, balancing price with performance. This exploration aids homeowners in making informed decisions about gutter hangers, considering factors such as compatibility, durability, aesthetics, and maintenance requirements. Hidden Hanger Systems Hidden hanger systems, integral to modern home maintenance, offer a sleek and efficient solution for gutter installation. These hangers, concealed within the gutter, lend a clean, unobtrusive appearance to a home's exterior. Their design facilitates straightforward installation and robust support for gutter systems. Installation Process of Hidden Hangers The installation of hidden hangers involves securing them directly into the fascia board, a method that enhances the overall stability of the gutter system. This process typically requires fewer hangers compared to traditional methods, yet provides superior strength. The strategic placement of these hangers, typically every 24 inches along the gutter length, ensures a balanced distribution of weight, preventing sagging and promoting longevity. Advantages and Limitations of Hidden Hangers Hidden hangers boast numerous advantages, including aesthetic appeal and enhanced durability. Their design minimizes visibility, thereby not detracting from the home's exterior. Durability-wise, they are less prone to rust and corrosion, thanks to their concealed position and often higher-quality materials. However, limitations exist in terms of compatibility; hidden hangers may not be suitable for all gutter types or older homes. Additionally, while they offer increased strength, improper installation can lead to issues like misalignment or inadequate support, underscoring the importance of professional installation for optimal performance. T-Bar Hangers T-Bar hangers stand out in the realm of gutter systems for their distinctive design and robust performance. Suited for homeowners prioritizing strength and durability, these hangers offer a reliable solution for long-term gutter stability. Unique Features of T-Bar Hangers T-Bar hangers are characterized by their T-shaped design, which provides a strong anchoring point for gutters. This design feature allows for a more secure attachment to the fascia, reducing the risk of detachment under heavy loads or severe weather conditions. T-Bar hangers are also versatile, accommodating various gutter shapes and sizes, making them a preferred choice for diverse home styles. Comparing T-Bar with Other Gutter Hangers When compared to other hanger types, T-Bar hangers exhibit superior load-bearing capacity. This makes them particularly effective in regions with heavy rainfall or snow. However, their installation might be more complex and time-consuming than simpler hanger types like hidden or spike and ferrule hangers. While T-Bar hangers are typically more expensive, their investment is justified by their longevity and minimal maintenance requirements, making them a cost-effective choice in the long run. Spike and Ferrule Hangers Spike and Ferrule hangers are traditional components in gutter systems, known for their simplicity and effectiveness. These hangers are well-suited for homeowners seeking a straightforward, time-tested solution for gutter support. Understanding Spike and Ferrule Mechanism The mechanism of Spike and Ferrule hangers involves a metal tube (ferrule) that fits inside the gutter, providing structural support. A long nail or spike is then driven through the gutter, ferrule, and deep into the fascia board. This setup secures the gutter firmly in place. The simplicity of this design is its key strength, ensuring ease of installation and a moderate level of support suitable for various climates and gutter types. Maintenance Tips for Spike and Ferrule Hangers While Spike and Ferrule hangers are relatively low-maintenance, regular checks are crucial to ensure their integrity. Over time, spikes may loosen due to weather exposure or wood contraction in the fascia, potentially leading to gutter sagging. Periodic tightening of the spikes can prevent this issue. Additionally, homeowners should inspect for rust or corrosion on the ferrules, particularly in areas with high rainfall or humidity, to maintain optimal performance and longevity of the gutter system. Strap Hangers Strap hangers offer a versatile and reliable solution for gutter installation, particularly in complex roofing situations. Their adaptability makes them a favored choice for homeowners facing unique architectural challenges. Suitability of Strap Hangers for Different Roofs Strap hangers are known for their flexibility in accommodating a range of roofing types and styles. These hangers attach directly to the roof rather than the fascia, making them ideal for situations where fascia is non-existent or not suitable for mounting. This feature is particularly beneficial for homes with metal or tile roofs, where traditional hanger systems might not be applicable. The adaptability of strap hangers ensures a secure gutter installation regardless of the roof type, providing a tailored solution to meet diverse architectural needs. Longevity and Durability of Strap Hangers Durability is a key attribute of strap hangers, designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Made typically from high-quality, weather-resistant materials, they offer enhanced longevity compared to some other hanger types. Their design also distributes weight evenly across the gutter length, reducing the risk of sagging and extending the lifespan of the gutter system. Regular inspections and maintenance, such as checking for loose straps or corrosion, can further ensure their long-term performance and reliability. Half-Round Hangers Half-round hangers are a distinctive choice in gutter systems, offering both functional and aesthetic advantages. They are particularly suited for homeowners who value the combination of performance and visual appeal in their home maintenance choices. Aesthetic Appeal of Half-Round Hangers The aesthetic appeal of half-round hangers lies in their classic, curved design, which complements a variety of architectural styles, especially traditional or historic homes. Unlike more utilitarian gutter hangers, half-round hangers add a touch of elegance, enhancing the overall appearance of the property. They are available in various materials and finishes, allowing homeowners to match them seamlessly with their gutters and home exteriors. Installation Challenges with Half-Round Hangers While half-round hangers are visually appealing, they can present certain installation challenges. Their unique shape requires precise placement and mounting to ensure proper gutter alignment and functionality. This often necessitates professional installation to achieve optimal performance. Additionally, the choice of material for half-round hangers can impact their longevity and maintenance requirements, with options like copper and aluminum offering different benefits and considerations. Wrap Around Hangers Wrap around hangers are a robust solution for gutter systems, known for their strength and resilience. These hangers are particularly suitable for homeowners in regions experiencing severe weather conditions, ensuring reliable gutter performance. Why Choose Wrap Around Hangers? Homeowners opt for wrap around hangers due to their enhanced security and stability. These hangers encircle the gutter, providing support from both the top and bottom, which significantly reduces the risk of detachment during heavy rain, snow, or high winds. This comprehensive support system makes wrap around hangers a preferred choice for homes in areas prone to extreme weather, offering peace of mind through increased gutter protection. Wrap Around Hangers: Weather Resistance and Strength The design of wrap around hangers not only offers superior strength but also exceptional weather resistance. Typically constructed from durable materials like aluminum or galvanized steel, they are designed to withstand corrosion and rust, maintaining their integrity over time. The added strength of wrap around hangers minimizes maintenance needs, as they are less likely to bend or break under stress, ensuring the long-term functionality of the gutter system. Vinyl Hangers Vinyl hangers represent a modern and cost-effective option in the array of gutter hangers, appealing to homeowners seeking a balance between affordability and performance. They are especially suited for contemporary home maintenance requirements. Benefits of Using Vinyl Hangers in Modern Homes The primary benefits of vinyl hangers include their lightweight nature and corrosion resistance. These characteristics make them an ideal choice for homeowners in coastal areas or regions with high humidity, where metal hangers might be prone to rust. Additionally, vinyl hangers are known for their ease of installation and minimal maintenance needs. Their versatility in color and style also allows for seamless integration with various gutter systems and home exteriors, making them a popular choice for modern homes. Vinyl vs. Metal Gutter Hangers: A Comparative Analysis When comparing vinyl to metal gutter hangers, several factors come into play. While metal hangers are typically stronger and can support heavier loads, vinyl hangers offer the advantage of not corroding or rusting over time. However, vinyl may not perform as well in extreme temperature variations, potentially becoming brittle in cold weather. The choice between vinyl and metal hangers ultimately depends on the specific environmental conditions and aesthetic preferences of the homeowner, as well as considerations of durability and cost. Key Considerations for Choosing the Right Gutter Hanger Selecting the right gutter hanger is vital for the longevity and effectiveness of a home's gutter system. This section guides homeowners through the crucial factors to consider when choosing a gutter hanger, ensuring an informed decision that aligns with their specific home maintenance needs. Assessing Your Home's Gutter Needs To determine the most suitable gutter hanger, homeowners must first assess their home's specific needs. This includes considering factors like the local climate, the type and weight of the gutter, roof type, and the frequency of rainfall or snowfall in the area. Homes in areas with heavy precipitation or snow will require hangers with higher load-bearing capacity, while those in milder climates may prioritize aesthetic appeal. The assessment should also take into account the architectural style of the home, ensuring that the chosen hanger complements the overall design. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Different Gutter Hangers Cost is a crucial factor in the decision-making process. However, it should be evaluated alongside the long-term benefits and durability of the hanger. While some hangers may have a higher initial cost, their durability and reduced maintenance needs can offer greater value over time. Homeowners should compare different types of hangers, such as vinyl, metal, or specialized designs like strap or T-Bar hangers, to understand their cost-effectiveness in relation to their performance and lifespan. This analysis helps in making a cost-efficient choice without compromising on quality or suitability for the home's requirements. Troubleshooting and Maintenance of Gutter Hangers Effective troubleshooting and regular maintenance are essential for ensuring the longevity and functionality of gutter hangers. This section provides homeowners with crucial insights into common issues and maintenance practices, aligning with the central entity of home maintenance. Common Problems with Gutter Hangers Homeowners may encounter several common problems with gutter hangers, such as loosening, sagging, or detachment of the hangers, often due to weather exposure or structural shifts in the home. Rust and corrosion can also affect certain types of hangers, impacting their strength and stability. Identifying these issues early is key to preventing more significant problems, such as water damage to the home's foundation or walls. Preventative Maintenance Tips Regular inspection and maintenance play a vital role in the upkeep of gutter hangers. Homeowners should conduct periodic checks, especially after severe weather events, to ensure hangers are securely fastened and free of damage. Cleaning gutters to prevent clogging and checking for signs of wear or rust are also critical. For certain hanger types, applying protective coatings or tightening fasteners can extend their lifespan. Proactive maintenance not only prolongs the life of gutter hangers but also ensures they function effectively to protect the home.
Deliverable 7 - Constructing a Sustainable Energy Plan josieposieAssignment Content - Competencies Describe the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and how they interact. Analyze the root causes, effects, and solutions of environmental problems. Determine how the environment and economies are interconnected. Analyze the importance of water and soil in the production and distribution of food. Evaluate the relationship between energy use, waste, and pollution and their impacts to the environment. Apply stewardship and sustainability solutions to environmental issues. Student Success Criteria View the grading rubric for this deliverable by selecting the "This item is graded with a rubric" link, which is located in the Details & Information pane. The community of Greenburg is located near sea level at the base of a snow-capped mountain, on a secluded ocean inlet, surrounded by rugged, forested land. The only access to the city is by ferry or plane; no roads connect it to other communities in the region. Winters are wet, mild, and long. The city serves as the capital for the state of Newbridge. As such, government agencies are its leading employer, though tourism is also a major source of income, followed by commercial fishing. The city is renowned for its scenic beauty; tall mountains capped by glaciers can be seen from downtown. - Population: 32,000 - Avg. High Temp (Dec): 34oF - Avg. High Temp (June): 62oF - Annual Precipitation: 62 in. - Urban Area: 15 sq. mi. - Main Power Source: natural gas - Instructions Construct a plan for sustainable energy for the hypothetical city of Greenburg. Your plan should consist of the following elements: - Specific measures to promote energy conservation measures (e.g., promoting biking by implementing a bicycle sharing program) - Specific steps to move the city toward sustainable energy production (e.g., solar facilities/greenhouses/community food production) - Consider actions that involve switching from traditional (non-renewable) energy sources to renewable sources, for both vehicles and buildings/homes - Reducing energy will help, but your plan should include a detailed plan that will move the city forward using renewable energy - Resources Please click here for information on Academic Search Complete. Please click here for information on ProQuest Central. Please click here for information on the Science Reference Center. Please click here for information on how to use the Online Library. - a year ago - 5 other Questions(10) - d2 - annotated bibliography - Achievement Goals - There are 2 different prompts answer them separately - Business essay6 - Law enforcement - Stakeholder Eco-system & Strategy - Consider one segment in your work that can be considered your customer. Using the design and prompts on page 131... - Finance Cases
Could community forestry reverse deforestation? August 6, 2013Community forestry involves handing over parts of the forest land over to villagers to run for common grazing, agriculture and to harvest timber sustainably. Around 200 to 300 groups have been set up in Myanmar since the implementation of the Community Forestry Instruction in 1995, a slow start for the program, says Oliver Springate-Baginski, who specializes in forest governance reform in developing countries at the University of East Anglia in the UK. "It's quite expensive to do the paperwork and the bureaucracy and there's not much incentive for the government to give away land," he said. "[But] I think there are a lot of villages where communities have [unofficially] asserted control and tried to run it, or they've applied for official ownership and it hasn't been approved yet." Community forestry has been successful in Nepal, he added, where around 25 percent of the forest land is managed by the community. In Myanmar, community forest management has been shown to regenerate the forest across "virtually all villages" where it is implemented, according to a paper put together by Springate-Baginski in 2011.
What would we do with a trauma so vague and vast that we have no name for it? I think there is such a trauma, and the British Psychoanalyst D. W. Winnicott identified it over half a century ago. Winnicott (1989) wrote specifically about trauma, but I'm not going to write about that. I'm going to write about the implications of his work in general. The trauma identified by Winnicott doesn't fit the definition of PTSD. Nor does it fit any of the categories by which experts think about developmental trauma, such as DESNOS (disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified), C-PTSD (chronic or complex PTSD) or DTD (developmental trauma disorder). All these categories, with the exception of PTSD, are traumas that primarily affect the developing child, though they may occur in any long term abusive situation, such as wife abuse. With children C-PTSD is generally the result of physical or sexual abuse or obvious neglect. A website explaining C-PTSD begins this way. As a child, Olivia, who never knew the identity of her father, was consistently abused and neglected by her mother. Her mother's emotional temperament was highly variable—shifting from dark moods during which she was verbally and physically abusive to her daughter, and manic periods during which she left Olivia to fend for herself for days at a time. (http://www.elementsbehavioralhealth.com/mental-health/what-are-the-symptoms-of-complex-ptsd/) There are differences between C-PTSD and DESNOS, but they are primarily terminological (see my post http://traumatheory.com/?p=178). DTD is identical to C-PTSD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) does not officially recognize C-PTSD, but its new subcategories of dissociative and pre-school subtypes of PTSD come close. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) will include C-PTSD.
Cialis, featuring the active ingredient Tadalafil, is a renowned medication that has revolutionized the landscape of erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the realm of Cialis 60mg, examining its uses, benefits, potential side effects, and crucial considerations in medication management. Cialis, developed by Eli Lilly, is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, and its active ingredient Tadalafil is known for its prolonged duration of action. This medication works by enhancing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation, aiding men with ED in achieving and maintaining erections for a more extended period compared to some other ED medications. Uses of Cialis 60mg: - Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Cialis 60mg is primarily indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, a condition characterized by the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is an oral medication that has garnered popularity due to its extended duration of effectiveness. Benefits of Cialis 60mg: - Prolonged Duration of Action: One of the standout features of Cialis is its prolonged duration of action. The 60mg dosage, in particular, allows for a window of opportunity for sexual activity that extends up to 36 hours after ingestion. This extended timeframe provides increased flexibility and spontaneity for individuals and their partners. - Flexibility in Timing: Due to its extended duration, Cialis 60mg offers flexibility in choosing the timing of sexual activity. Users do not feel constrained by a specific timeframe, enabling a more relaxed and natural approach to intimate moments. - Rapid Onset of Action: While not as rapid as some other PDE5 inhibitors, Cialis still has a relatively quick onset of action, typically taking effect within 30 minutes to an hour after ingestion. This characteristic allows for a smooth transition into sexual activity. - Efficacy in Various ED Causes: Cialis has shown efficacy in treating ED arising from various causes, including both physical and psychological factors. Its mechanism of action, promoting increased blood flow to the penis, addresses a fundamental aspect of ED pathophysiology. - Positive Impact on Quality of Life: Beyond its physiological effects, Cialis has been associated with a positive impact on the quality of life for individuals dealing with ED. By providing a more extended window of effectiveness, it allows for improved planning and enjoyment of sexual activities. Considerations and Precautions: While Cialis 60mg offers significant benefits in managing ED, certain considerations and precautions are essential for safe and effective use. - Interaction with Nitrates: Similar to other PDE5 inhibitors, Cialis should not be used concurrently with nitrates, as the combination can lead to a significant drop in blood pressure. Individuals taking nitrates for chest pain or heart conditions should avoid Cialis, and consultation with a healthcare provider is imperative. - Cardiovascular Health: Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions should consult their healthcare provider before using Cialis. The cardiovascular effects of sexual activity should be assessed, and the overall cardiovascular health of the individual should be taken into consideration. - Priapism: While rare, priapism, a prolonged and painful erection lasting more than four hours, is a potential side effect of Cialis. Individuals experiencing an erection lasting longer than four hours should seek immediate medical attention to prevent potential damage to the penis. - Hypotension: Cialis can cause a mild, transient decrease in blood pressure, particularly when taken with other antihypertensive medications. Caution is advised, especially in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension. - Vision Changes: Some individuals may experience mild and transient changes in vision, such as a blue tint or increased sensitivity to light. While these side effects are usually temporary, individuals experiencing persistent visual disturbances should seek medical attention. - Hearing Loss: Rare cases of sudden hearing loss have been reported with the use of PDE5 inhibitors, including Cialis. While a causal relationship has not been definitively established, individuals experiencing sudden hearing loss should discontinue the medication and seek prompt medical attention. - Alpha-Blockers and Other Medications: Caution is advised when using Cialis with alpha-blockers or other medications that may lower blood pressure. Healthcare providers should be informed about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, to assess potential interactions. - Liver and Kidney Function: Individuals with impaired liver or kidney function may require dose adjustments. It is essential to inform healthcare providers about any pre-existing liver or kidney conditions for proper dosage recommendations. Dosage and Administration: The standard starting dose of Cialis is 10mg, but based on individual response and tolerability, it can be adjusted to 60mg or reduced to 5mg. Cialis is typically taken on an as-needed basis approximately 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity. It should be taken with a full glass of water, and individuals are advised to avoid high-fat meals as they may delay the onset of action. It is crucial for individuals to adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines. Exceeding the recommended dosage can increase the risk of side effects without necessarily enhancing the therapeutic effects. Interaction with Lifestyle Factors: Several lifestyle factors can influence the effectiveness of Cialis and should be considered: - Alcohol: While moderate alcohol consumption is generally considered safe with Cialis, excessive alcohol intake may reduce its effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects. It is advisable to limit alcohol consumption when using Cialis. - Food Intake: High-fat meals may slightly delay the onset of action of Cialis. Taking the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal is recommended for optimal absorption and efficacy. - Stress and Anxiety: Psychological factors, including stress and anxiety, can impact sexual performance. Open communication with a healthcare provider and addressing any psychological barriers to intimacy may enhance the effectiveness of Cialis. Cialis 60mg, with its active ingredient Tadalafil, stands as a distinctive option in the spectrum of treatments for erectile dysfunction. Its extended duration of action, flexibility in timing, and efficacy in addressing various causes of ED have contributed to its popularity among individuals seeking reliable and prolonged relief. While Cialis offers substantial benefits, a thorough understanding of its mechanism of action, potential side effects, and interactions is crucial for safe and effective use. Open communication between individuals and healthcare providers is essential to address any concerns, tailor the treatment plan to individual needs, and optimize the therapeutic outcomes of Cialis in the management of erectile dysfunction. As with any medication, a personalized and patient-centered approach ensures that the benefits of Cialis are maximized while minimizing potential risks.
Welcome to the law world where we can give you all the information about the Albany asbestos legal question. Navigating legal matters related to asbestos in Albany can be complex, prompting individuals and businesses alike to seek clarity on various aspects. Whether it involves determining liability, understanding regulations, or pursuing compensation for asbestos-related illnesses, legal questions regarding asbestos in Albany often require specialized knowledge and guidance. Given the historical prevalence of asbestos in buildings and industrial settings, coupled with its known health risks, such inquiries are paramount for ensuring proper adherence to laws and the protection of individuals' rights. Legal professionals with expertise in asbestos litigation can provide invaluable assistance in addressing these concerns, offering insights, representation, and advocacy tailored to the specific needs of clients in Albany and beyond. I. What are Albany Asbestos Legal Questions Albany Asbestos Legal Question involves understanding the legal complexities surrounding asbestos exposure and related health issues. Here are ten common questions about the Albany Asbestos legal and their corresponding answers: Question: What are the legal obligations for property owners in Albany regarding asbestos management? Answer: Property owners in Albany must adhere to specific regulations governing the management and removal of asbestos to ensure the safety of occupants and workers. Question: How can individuals determine if they have a valid legal claim related to asbestos exposure in Albany? Answer: Individuals exposed to asbestos in Albany should consult with experienced legal professionals to assess their situation and determine if they have grounds for a legal claim. Question: What steps should businesses take to mitigate legal risks associated with asbestos in Albany? Answer: Businesses in Albany should implement comprehensive asbestos management plans, including regular inspections and appropriate abatement measures, to minimize legal liabilities. Question: Are there specialized law firms in Albany that focus on asbestos-related legal matters? Answer: Yes, several law firms in Albany specialize in handling asbestos-related legal issues, offering expertise and representation to individuals and businesses alike. Question: Can landlords be held legally responsible for asbestos hazards in rental properties in Albany? Answer: Yes, landlords in Albany have a legal duty to ensure rental properties are safe and free from asbestos hazards, and they can be held liable for failing to address such risks. Question: What legal recourse do Albany residents have if they develop asbestos-related illnesses? Answer: Albany residents diagnosed with asbestos-related illnesses may pursue legal action to seek compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering caused by exposure. Question: How do Albany's asbestos laws compare to state and federal regulations? Answer: Albany's asbestos laws may align with or complement state and federal regulations, and understanding these legal frameworks is crucial for compliance and liability management. Question: What role do environmental agencies play in regulating asbestos in Albany? Answer: Environmental agencies in Albany enforce regulations related to asbestos management, including monitoring compliance and issuing permits for asbestos abatement projects. Question: Are there any recent legal precedents in Albany regarding asbestos litigation? Answer: Yes, recent legal cases in Albany have set precedents for asbestos litigation, influencing how courts handle claims and determine liability in similar cases. Question: How can individuals and businesses stay updated on changes in Albany's asbestos laws and regulations? Answer: Staying informed about changes in Albany's asbestos laws and regulations can be achieved through regular updates from legal professionals, industry publications, and relevant government agencies. II. Overview of Asbestos Laws in Albany: Albany, like many other municipalities, has stringent regulations governing the handling, removal, and disposal of asbestos. These laws are in place to protect public health and safety by minimizing the risks associated with asbestos exposure. In Albany, asbestos regulations typically cover a wide range of activities, including renovation and demolition projects where asbestos-containing materials may be disturbed. Property owners and contractors must adhere to specific procedures outlined in these regulations to ensure proper handling and disposal of asbestos-containing materials. The enforcement of these laws is overseen by key agencies such as the Albany Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the Albany Department of Health. These agencies are responsible for monitoring compliance with asbestos regulations, conducting inspections, and taking enforcement actions against violators to ensure the protection of Albany residents and the environment. Explanation of local regulations governing asbestos handling, removal, and disposal: Albany's regulations regarding asbestos handling, removal, and disposal are comprehensive and designed to minimize the risk of exposure to asbestos fibers. These regulations typically require property owners and contractors to conduct asbestos surveys before commencing renovation or demolition projects to identify any asbestos-containing materials present. Depending on the findings of the survey, specific procedures must be followed for the safe removal and disposal of asbestos, including the use of licensed professionals and approved disposal sites. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in significant penalties, including fines and potential legal action. Identification of key agencies responsible for enforcing asbestos laws in Albany: In Albany, the enforcement of asbestos laws falls under the jurisdiction of several key agencies, including the Albany Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the Albany Department of Health. These agencies play a crucial role in monitoring compliance with asbestos regulations, conducting inspections, and investigating complaints related to asbestos handling and disposal. Additionally, the New York State Department of Labor oversees regulations related to asbestos exposure in the workplace, ensuring that employers provide a safe working environment for their employees. By working together, these agencies strive to safeguard public health and the environment from the dangers of asbestos exposure in Albany. III. Liability in Asbestos Cases: In asbestos cases, liability pertains to the legal responsibility for damages resulting from asbestos exposure. Asbestos, a mineral once widely used in construction and manufacturing, poses severe health risks, including lung cancer and mesothelioma, when its fibers are inhaled or ingested. Establishing liability involves assessing the actions or negligence of various parties involved in the production, distribution, or management of asbestos-containing materials. Property owners may be liable if they knew or should have known about the presence of asbestos on their premises but failed to take adequate precautions to protect occupants and visitors. Contractors and subcontractors could share liability if they disturb asbestos during renovation or demolition projects without proper safety measures. Manufacturers of asbestos-containing products may bear responsibility for failing to warn users about the health hazards associated with their products. Additionally, employers have a duty to provide a safe workplace and may be held liable for failing to protect employees from asbestos exposure. Analyzing liability in asbestos cases requires a thorough examination of factors such as duty of care, negligence, and causation. Discussion of legal responsibility for asbestos exposure-related damages: In asbestos cases, legal responsibility revolves around the duty to prevent harm resulting from asbestos exposure. Individuals or entities may be held liable if their actions or negligence contributed to asbestos-related damages. This liability extends to property owners, contractors, manufacturers, and employers who fail to adequately address the risks associated with asbestos-containing materials. Analysis of liability for property owners, contractors, manufacturers, and employers: Property owners have a duty to maintain safe premises and protect occupants from known hazards, including asbestos. Contractors and subcontractors are responsible for ensuring proper safety protocols during construction or renovation projects involving asbestos-containing materials. Manufacturers are expected to provide adequate warnings about the health risks associated with their products, while employers must create a safe work environment and provide appropriate training and protective equipment to prevent asbestos exposure. Analyzing liability for each party involves assessing their specific roles and responsibilities in managing asbestos risks. IV. Filing Asbestos-Related Lawsuits in Albany: When considering filing asbestos-related lawsuits in Albany, individuals need to navigate a structured legal process. This process typically begins with compiling essential evidence to support the claim, such as medical records documenting asbestos-related illnesses and proof of exposure. Consulting with experienced asbestos attorneys in Albany is essential to ensure a thorough understanding of the legal requirements and to receive guidance throughout the litigation process. These attorneys can offer valuable assistance in determining the appropriate jurisdiction for filing the lawsuit and ensuring all necessary documentation and filings are completed accurately and timely. Step-by-step guide to the legal process for filing asbestos lawsuits: Filing asbestos lawsuits in Albany involves several sequential steps to ensure legal compliance and the best chance of success. Initially, individuals or their legal representatives must gather pertinent evidence supporting their claims, including medical records detailing asbestos-related illnesses and evidence of exposure. Next, it's crucial to consult with experienced asbestos attorneys in Albany, who can provide guidance on the specific requirements and procedures involved in filing a lawsuit. They can assist in preparing the necessary documents, including complaints and petitions, and filing them with the appropriate court. Throughout the process, communication with legal representatives and adherence to deadlines is vital to ensure a smooth and effective legal proceeding. Explanation of statute of limitations and deadlines for filing asbestos claims: Understanding the statute of limitations is critical when filing asbestos claims in Albany. The statute of limitations sets forth the time frame within which legal action must be initiated, and failing to file within this period can result in the loss of the right to seek compensation. In Albany, the statute of limitations for asbestos claims may vary depending on factors such as the type of claim and the date of diagnosis. Therefore, individuals must act promptly to preserve their legal rights and increase the likelihood of a successful outcome. Experienced asbestos attorneys can provide valuable guidance on meeting deadlines and navigating the complexities of the legal system to pursue rightful compensation for asbestos-related injuries. V. Role of Legal Professionals: Consulting with experienced asbestos attorneys in Albany is crucial when dealing with asbestos-related issues. Asbestos litigation involves complex legal processes and navigating intricate regulations specific to Albany. Experienced attorneys specializing in asbestos cases possess the expertise necessary to guide individuals through these complexities. They can offer invaluable insights into the legal landscape, assess the strengths and weaknesses of potential cases, and provide strategic advice tailored to each client's unique situation. Additionally, asbestos attorneys can advocate on behalf of their clients, ensuring their rights are protected and pursuing fair compensation for any asbestos-related injuries or damages suffered. Importance of consulting with experienced asbestos attorneys in Albany: In Albany, consulting with experienced asbestos attorneys is essential for individuals dealing with asbestos-related matters. These attorneys possess specialized knowledge of local laws and regulations governing asbestos exposure and litigation. By seeking guidance from experienced attorneys, individuals can better understand their legal rights and options for pursuing compensation. Additionally, asbestos attorneys can provide valuable assistance in navigating the complex legal process, including filing claims, gathering evidence, and representing clients in court. Their expertise and advocacy can significantly increase the likelihood of a successful outcome in asbestos-related cases. Services provided by asbestos lawyers, including case evaluation and representation: Asbestos lawyers in Albany offer a range of crucial services to individuals affected by asbestos exposure. These services typically include case evaluation, where attorneys assess the merits of potential asbestos-related claims based on factors such as the extent of exposure and the severity of resulting illnesses. Following a thorough evaluation, asbestos lawyers provide representation throughout the legal process, advocating for their client's interests at every stage. This representation includes drafting legal documents, negotiating settlements with opposing parties, and representing clients in court proceedings if necessary. Additionally, asbestos lawyers offer support and guidance to clients, ensuring they understand their legal options and receive the compensation they deserve for their asbestos-related injuries or damages. VI. Workers' Rights and Asbestos Exposure: Workers in Albany have fundamental rights regarding asbestos exposure in their workplaces. These rights are crucial for ensuring their health and safety while on the job. Firstly, workers have the right to be informed about the presence of asbestos in their workplace. Employers are obligated to provide workers with information about asbestos-containing materials, including the risks associated with exposure and the measures in place to mitigate those risks. Additionally, workers have the right to receive proper training on how to handle asbestos safely. This training should include instruction on identifying asbestos-containing materials, using appropriate protective equipment, and following established procedures for handling and disposing of asbestos. Furthermore, workers have the right to participate in workplace safety programs and committees to address concerns related to asbestos exposure. Overall, these rights empower workers to protect themselves and advocate for their safety in Albany workplaces. Explanation of workers' rights regarding asbestos exposure in Albany workplaces: Workers in Albany have important rights regarding asbestos exposure in their workplaces to ensure their health and safety. These rights are established to protect employees from the risks associated with asbestos exposure. Firstly, workers have the right to be informed about the presence of asbestos in their workplace. Employers are obligated to provide workers with information regarding asbestos-containing materials, including their location, potential risks, and measures in place to minimize exposure. Additionally, workers have the right to receive comprehensive training on how to handle asbestos safely. This training should cover topics such as identifying asbestos-containing materials, using proper protective equipment, and following established procedures for handling, removal, and disposal of asbestos. Furthermore, workers have the right to participate in workplace safety programs and committees to address concerns related to asbestos exposure. By being aware of these rights, workers can take proactive measures to protect themselves and ensure a safer work environment in Albany workplaces. Discussion of employer responsibilities for providing a safe working environment: Employers in Albany bear significant responsibilities for providing a safe working environment, particularly concerning asbestos exposure. It is the employer's duty to identify and assess asbestos hazards in the workplace and to implement measures to control these hazards effectively. This includes conducting regular inspections to identify asbestos-containing materials, assessing the risk of exposure, and developing appropriate control measures, such as encapsulation or removal. Employers must also provide workers with necessary training on how to safely handle asbestos and use protective equipment. Additionally, employers are responsible for maintaining accurate records of asbestos-related activities, including inspections, training, and any incidents of exposure. By fulfilling these responsibilities, employers can create a safer work environment and protect their workers from the dangers of asbestos exposure. VII. Environmental Regulations and Asbestos Abatement: In Albany, environmental regulations play a crucial role in governing asbestos removal and abatement projects to ensure the safety of the public and the environment. These regulations outline specific guidelines and procedures that must be followed when handling asbestos-containing materials to minimize the risk of exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos abatement refers to the process of safely removing or encapsulating asbestos-containing materials to prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air. It typically involves thorough planning, containment, removal, and disposal of asbestos materials in compliance with regulatory standards. By adhering to these regulations, contractors, and professionals can effectively mitigate the risks associated with asbestos exposure during abatement projects, safeguarding the health and well-being of workers and the community. Overview of regulations governing asbestos removal and abatement projects: Albany has stringent regulations governing asbestos removal and abatement projects to protect public health and the environment. These regulations outline requirements for conducting asbestos surveys, obtaining necessary permits, and implementing proper abatement procedures. For example, before commencing any renovation or demolition project, property owners are required to conduct asbestos surveys to identify the presence of asbestos-containing materials. If asbestos is found, licensed asbestos abatement professionals must be hired to safely remove or encapsulate the materials according to established guidelines. Additionally, regulations dictate proper containment measures, disposal methods, and post-abatement clearance testing to ensure that asbestos fibers are effectively controlled and removed from the environment. Explanation of licensing requirements for asbestos contractors and professionals: In Albany, asbestos contractors and professionals must meet specific licensing requirements to perform asbestos abatement work legally. These requirements are in place to ensure that individuals and companies involved in asbestos removal and abatement projects have the necessary training, expertise, and qualifications to perform the work safely and effectively. Licensing typically involves completing accredited training courses, passing competency exams, and obtaining appropriate certifications from regulatory agencies. Additionally, asbestos contractors and professionals may be required to maintain liability insurance and adhere to strict guidelines and standards set forth by regulatory authorities. By obtaining proper licensing, asbestos contractors and professionals demonstrate their commitment to upholding safety standards and protecting the public from the dangers of asbestos exposure. Community Resources and Support: VIII. Recent Developments in Asbestos Litigation: In Albany, recent developments in asbestos litigation have brought attention to the ongoing efforts to seek justice for those affected by asbestos exposure. There have been notable updates on asbestos-related legal cases and settlements, highlighting the continued pursuit of compensation for individuals suffering from asbestos-related illnesses. Recent cases have underscored the importance of holding negligent parties accountable for their roles in exposing individuals to asbestos and failing to adequately warn about its dangers. Additionally, settlements reached in asbestos litigation have provided much-needed relief to affected individuals and their families, helping cover medical expenses and other damages resulting from asbestos exposure. These developments emphasize the significance of asbestos litigation in addressing the harms caused by asbestos exposure and ensuring that victims receive the support and compensation they deserve. Updates on recent asbestos-related legal cases and settlements in Albany: In recent years, there have been significant updates in asbestos-related legal cases and settlements in Albany. These developments reflect ongoing efforts to address the consequences of asbestos exposure and provide justice and compensation for affected individuals and their families. Some of the notable updates include: Landmark Settlements: Several high-profile asbestos-related lawsuits have resulted in landmark settlements, where plaintiffs have received substantial compensation for their injuries. These settlements often involve large corporations or entities found liable for exposing individuals to asbestos-containing products or materials. Verdicts in Favor of Plaintiffs: In various asbestos-related trials, juries have rendered verdicts in favor of plaintiffs, finding defendants responsible for their asbestos exposure and awarding significant damages. These verdicts underscore the importance of holding accountable those responsible for asbestos-related harm. Legal Precedents: Recent legal cases have established important precedents in asbestos litigation, shaping the legal landscape and influencing future lawsuits. These precedents may affect how courts interpret liability, causation, and damages in asbestos-related cases. Continued Litigation: Asbestos-related litigation remains ongoing in Albany, with new cases continually being filed and litigated. These cases involve individuals diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases seeking compensation for their medical expenses, pain and suffering, and other damages. Legislative Reforms: In response to the challenges posed by asbestos exposure, there have been discussions about potential legislative reforms to strengthen regulations, improve access to compensation for victims, and enhance public awareness about asbestos-related risks. Discussion of legislative initiatives addressing asbestos issues in the community: In response to the ongoing asbestos issues in the community, legislative initiatives have been introduced in Albany to address various aspects of asbestos regulation and management. These initiatives aim to strengthen existing laws and regulations governing asbestos handling, removal, and disposal to better protect public health and the environment. Legislative efforts may include proposals to enhance oversight of asbestos abatement projects, improve training and certification requirements for asbestos professionals, and increase funding for asbestos-related research and public education campaigns. Additionally, legislative initiatives may seek to establish or expand programs to assist individuals affected by asbestos exposure, such as providing access to medical screenings and treatment services. By addressing asbestos issues through legislative action, Albany aims to mitigate the risks associated with asbestos exposure and ensure safer communities for all residents. In conclusion, the landscape of asbestos-related legal matters in Albany is multifaceted and continually evolving. From navigating liability issues to pursuing compensation for affected individuals, addressing asbestos-related concerns requires a comprehensive understanding of legal intricacies and local regulations. Recent developments in litigation, settlements, and legislative initiatives underscore the ongoing efforts to address the consequences of asbestos exposure and uphold justice for impacted individuals and their families. As Albany continues to grapple with asbestos-related legal questions, it remains imperative for stakeholders to remain vigilant, advocate for necessary reforms, and ensure that those affected receive the support and compensation they rightfully deserve. Through collaborative efforts and a commitment to transparency and accountability, Albany can strive towards mitigating the risks associated with asbestos exposure and fostering safer environments for its residents.
473 research outputs found Discussion of "Estimating Random Effects via Adjustment for Density Maximization" by C. Morris and R. Tang Discussion of "Estimating Random Effects via Adjustment for Density Maximization" by C. Morris and R. Tang [arXiv:1108.3234]Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS349A the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org Introducing Monte Carlo Methods with R Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises This is the solution manual to the odd-numbered exercises in our book "Introducing Monte Carlo Methods with R", published by Springer Verlag on December 10, 2009, and made freely available to everyone.Comment: 87 pages, 11 figure Comment: On Random Scan Gibbs Samplers Comment on ``On Random Scan Gibbs Samplers'' [arXiv:0808.3852]Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-STS252B the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org Estimation in Dirichlet random effects models We develop a new Gibbs sampler for a linear mixed model with a Dirichlet process random effect term, which is easily extended to a generalized linear mixed model with a probit link function. Our Gibbs sampler exploits the properties of the multinomial and Dirichlet distributions, and is shown to be an improvement, in terms of operator norm and efficiency, over other commonly used MCMC algorithms. We also investigate methods for the estimation of the precision parameter of the Dirichlet process, finding that maximum likelihood may not be desirable, but a posterior mode is a reasonable approach. Examples are given to show how these models perform on real data. Our results complement both the theoretical basis of the Dirichlet process nonparametric prior and the computational work that has been done to date.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS731 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org Shrinkage Confidence Procedures The possibility of improving on the usual multivariate normal confidence was first discussed in Stein (1962). Using the ideas of shrinkage, through Bayesian and empirical Bayesian arguments, domination results, both analytic and numerical, have been obtained. Here we trace some of the developments in confidence set estimation.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS319 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org Consistency of objective Bayes factors as the model dimension grows In the class of normal regression models with a finite number of regressors, and for a wide class of prior distributions, a Bayesian model selection procedure based on the Bayes factor is consistent [Casella and Moreno J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 104 (2009) 1261--1271]. However, in models where the number of parameters increases as the sample size increases, properties of the Bayes factor are not totally understood. Here we study consistency of the Bayes factors for nested normal linear models when the number of regressors increases with the sample size. We pay attention to two successful tools for model selection [Schwarz Ann. Statist. 6 (1978) 461--464] approximation to the Bayes factor, and the Bayes factor for intrinsic priors [Berger and Pericchi J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 91 (1996) 109--122, Moreno, Bertolino and Racugno J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 93 (1998) 1451--1460]. We find that the the Schwarz approximation and the Bayes factor for intrinsic priors are consistent when the rate of growth of the dimension of the bigger model is for . When the Schwarz approximation is always inconsistent under the alternative while the Bayes factor for intrinsic priors is consistent except for a small set of alternative models which is characterized.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS754 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org Explaining the saddlepoint approximation Saddlepoint approximations are powerful tools for obtaining accurate expressions for densities and distribution functions. \Ve give an elementary motivation and explanation of saddlepoint approximation techniques, stressing the connection with the familiar Taylor series expansions and the Laplace approximation of integrals. Saddlepoint methods are applied to the convolution of simple densities and, using the Fourier inversion formula, the saddlepoint approximation to the density of a random variable is derived. \Ve then apply the method to densities of sample means of iid random variables, and also demonstrate the technique for approximating the density of a maximum likelihood estimator in exponential families Testing for the existence of clusters Detecting and determining clusters present in a certain sample has been an important concern, among researchers from different fields, for a long time. In particular, assessing whether the clusters are statistically significant, is a question that has been asked by a number of experimenters. Recently, this question arose again in a study in maize genetics, where determining the significance of clusters is crucial as a primary step in the identification of a genome-wide collection of mutants that may affect the kernel composition. Although several efforts have been made in this direction, not much has been done with the aim of developing an actual hypothesis test in order to assess the significance of clusters. In this paper, we propose a new methodology that allows the examination of the hypothesis test H0 : =1 vs. H1 : =k, where denotes the number of clusters present in a certain population. Our procedure, based on Bayesian tools, permits us to obtain closed form expressions for the posterior probabilities corresponding to the null hypothesis. From here, we calibrate our results by estimating the frequentist null distribution of the posterior probabilities in order to obtain the p-values associated with the observed posterior probabilities. In most cases, actual evaluation of the posterior probabilities is computationally intensive and several algorithms have been discussed in the literature. Here, we propose a simple estimation procedure, based on MCMC techniques, that permits an efficient and easily implementable evaluation of the test. Finally, we present simulation studies that support our conclusions, and we apply our method to the analysis of NIR spectroscopy data coming from the genetic study that motivated this work.Peer Reviewe Consistency of Bayesian procedures for variable selection It has long been known that for the comparison of pairwise nested models, a decision based on the Bayes factor produces a consistent model selector (in the frequentist sense). Here we go beyond the usual consistency for nested pairwise models, and show that for a wide class of prior distributions, including intrinsic priors, the corresponding Bayesian procedure for variable selection in normal regression is consistent in the entire class of normal linear models. We find that the asymptotics of the Bayes factors for intrinsic priors are equivalent to those of the Schwarz (BIC) criterion. Also, recall that the Jeffreys--Lindley paradox refers to the well-known fact that a point null hypothesis on the normal mean parameter is always accepted when the variance of the conjugate prior goes to infinity. This implies that some limiting forms of proper prior distributions are not necessarily suitable for testing problems. Intrinsic priors are limits of proper prior distributions, and for finite sample sizes they have been proved to behave extremely well for variable selection in regression; a consequence of our results is that for intrinsic priors Lindley's paradox does not arise.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS606 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org - …
In today's fast-paced world, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can often feel like an uphill battle. Fad diets and extreme exercise regimens promise quick results, but they rarely deliver sustainable outcomes. Instead of resorting to drastic measures, adopting a holistic approach to weight loss can yield better and more lasting results. Understanding the fundamentals of healthy weight loss, emphasizing proper nutrition, making lifestyle modifications, and practicing mindful eating are essential components of a successful weight management journey. Go on reading! Understanding Healthy Weight Loss Healthy weight loss isn't just about shedding pounds; it's about improving overall well-being. It involves losing excess body fat while preserving lean muscle mass and promoting optimal health. Crash diets and rapid weight loss methods may offer temporary results, but they often lead to nutrient deficiencies, metabolic slowdown, and rebound weight gain in the long run. True success lies in making sustainable lifestyle changes that support gradual, steady progress. The Role of Nutrition in Sustainable Weight Loss The role of nutrition in sustainable weight loss cannot be overstated. While exercise is important for overall health and can aid in weight management, it's what you put into your body that truly drives long-term success. Optimal nutrition involves consuming a balanced diet that provides essential nutrients while also supporting calorie control and satiety. By focusing on nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats, you can fuel your body with the nutrients it needs to thrive while keeping calories in check. These foods are not only rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants but also high in fiber and protein, which promote feelings of fullness and satisfaction. Additionally, prioritizing whole, minimally processed foods over highly processed, calorie-dense options can help stabilize blood sugar levels, reduce cravings, and support sustainable weight loss. Ultimately, by nourishing your body with wholesome, nutrient-rich foods, you can achieve and maintain a healthy weight while enjoying delicious, satisfying meals. Lifestyle Modifications for Effective Weight Management Beyond dietary changes, lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Incorporating regular physical activity into your routine is key; it not only burns calories but also boosts metabolism and promotes overall health. In fact, people who take medications like Wegovy for weight loss often make drastic changes in their lifestyle to achieve maximum results. Especially in states like Virginia, wegovy Virginia Beach treatment is quite popular among diabetic patients who want to shed some pounds. Moreover, finding activities you enjoy ensures sustainability, making it easier to stick to your exercise regimen in the long term. Additionally, prioritizing quality sleep is crucial, as inadequate sleep disrupts hunger hormones and can lead to increased appetite and weight gain. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule and creating a relaxing bedtime routine can improve sleep quality and support weight loss efforts. Managing stress is also essential, as chronic stress can trigger emotional eating and cravings for unhealthy foods. Incorporating stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature can help mitigate stress levels and promote better overall well-being. Mindful Eating and Portion Control Mindful eating and portion control are two powerful strategies that can greatly contribute to successful weight loss and overall well-being. Mindful eating involves paying full attention to the sensory experience of eating, including the taste, texture, aroma, and even the sounds of your food. By slowing down and savoring each bite, you become more attuned to your body's hunger and fullness cues, allowing you to eat in response to physical hunger rather than emotional or environmental triggers. This heightened awareness can help prevent overeating and promote better digestion, leading to a more satisfying and enjoyable eating experience. Portion control, on the other hand, involves managing the amount of food you consume at each meal and snack. While it's important to eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods, portion sizes matter when it comes to weight management. Many people underestimate the serving sizes of foods, leading to overconsumption of calories and potential weight gain. By practicing portion control, you can better regulate your calorie intake and prevent excess calories from accumulating. Combining mindful eating with portion control can be a powerful tool for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. By incorporating these healthy weight loss hacks into your lifestyle, you can shed pounds without feeling hungry or deprived. Remember that sustainable progress takes time and consistency, so be patient with yourself and celebrate small victories along the way. With dedication, mindfulness, and smart choices, you can achieve your weight loss goals and enjoy improved health and vitality for years to come. Wellness on the Go: Staying Healthy Amid a Busy Lifestyle What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Are Stinging Nettles The New Superfood And How Do You Get Them Into Your Diet?
Greetings, young champions of the cue! Today, we embark on an exciting journey into the realm of snooker, a captivating cue sport that tests your skill, precision, and strategizing abilities. Get ready to learn the basic rules and guidelines of this intriguing game, as we dive into its magical realm step by step! What is Snooker? Snooker, my young friends, is a game that is played on a table with pockets, much like its close sibling, pool. However, it has its unique charm and sets of rules that make it distinct. Snooker utilizes twenty-one colored balls and one white ball (also known as the cue ball). Each color holds a different point value, adding an element of excitement and strategic decision-making to the game! Essential Equipment: Cue Sticks and Snooker Table You might wonder, dear young cue masters, what equipment do we need for a thrilling snooker game? Well, the two main items are cue sticks and a snooker table. The cue sticks are long, slender, and designed to strike the balls with precision. On the other hand, the snooker table is rectangular and covered with a smooth green cloth that ensures a controlled ball movement. The Basic Rules of Snooker Now, let's uncover the basic rules that govern the game of snooker: 1. Starting the Game: To commence a snooker game, players take turns hitting the cue ball from a designated "cue ball in hand" position towards the colored balls. 2. Potting: The primary objective is to pot the colored balls into any of the six pockets using the white cue ball. However, players must first hit the least valuable red ball on their initial shot. 3. Adding Points: Each time a player successfully pots a ball, they earn points equivalent to the value of that particular ball. The colored balls hold different point values, with the black ball being the highest. 4. Snookered!: As the game progresses, players aim to strategically position the balls so that their opponent is "snookered" or obstructed, making it challenging for them to strike the desired ball. 5. Fouls: In snooker, there are various fouls that can occur, such as not hitting any ball, hitting the wrong ball first, or failing to pot a ball. Fouls result in point deductions or passing the turn to the opponent. Let the Snooker Adventure Begin! Now that you understand the basics of snooker, my eager young learners, it's time to grab a cue stick, set up a snooker table, and venture into this captivating cue sport. Remember, practice makes perfect, and with each game, you'll enhance your precision, strategic thinking, and overall cue mastery!
- Piracetam - (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286567581_Piracetam ) - Piracetam: A Review of Pharmacological Properties and Clinical Uses - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741724/ ) - Piracetam and platelets--a review of laboratory and clinical data - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10338108/ ) Information about Piracetam Generic Name : PiracetamUp-to-date prescription details regarding Piracetam are provided here. Understand it's uses, recommended dosages, its indications, how to take, when to take, when not to take, side effects, special precautions, warnings and its and its storage instructions.You will also find a list of the medication's International and Indian brand or trade names, as well as its pricing information. For verification of the information presented on this page or for additional clarifications, it's advisable to consult your doctor. Therapeutic Classification : Central Nervous System Agents Trade Names/Brand Names of Piracetam India : Overview of Piracetam • Piracetam is a nootropic drug which enhances the cognitive function of the brain, an act of thinking, perceiving and understanding.• It is used widely in Asia and Europe. • In the United States, it is not approved by FDA but in U.K it is used in treating myoclonus. Why is Piracetam Prescribed? (Indications) Piracetam is used to treat cortical myoclonus, a movement disorder that causes short and uncontrollable twitching or jerky movements of arms and legs.Piracetam is often prescribed to improve cognition and memory and slow brain aging. It has been used to improve the neurological conditions of Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, dementia and dyslexia (learning disorder). When should Piracetam not be taken? (Contraindications) Piracetam is not recommended in:• Allergic to the piracetam drug • Children below 16 years of age • People with the history of bleeding in brain (cerebral hemorrhage) or at a risk of bleeding • Severe kidney and liver disease • Pregnancy and lactation • Huntington's chorea, a progressive brain disease that causes movement disorders, emotional problems and loss of thinking ability. What is the dosage of Piracetam? a) For treating as a cognitive enhancer in cerebrocortical insufficiency:Oral: • The usual adult dose is 2.4 g taken in two or three divided doses. • The maximum adult dose is 4.8 g daily. • The recommended adult dose is 1-2 g three times daily through intravenous or intramuscular administration. b) For treating myoclonus: • The starting dose is 7.2 g daily in two or three divided doses which may be increased if needed. • The maximum dose should not exceed 20g daily. How should Piracetam be taken? • Piracetam comes as a tablet or syrup or injection. The tablets and the oral solution should be taken with sufficient quantity of water or soft drink to mask the bitter taste of piracetam.• It can be taken with or without food but taken with food helps to minimize gastrointestinal disturbances. • The injection can be given by either intramuscular or intravenous route of administration. What are the warnings and precautions for Piracetam? • Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels should be monitored regularly in patients with kidney impairment.• Liver enzymes and related parameters must be monitored to assess the liver function during the treatment with piracetam. • Caution is required in treating patients with severe heart disease, the elderly or people with bleeding problems or who have recently undergone surgery. • Piracetam may cause drowsiness and the user should not carry out skilled tasks such as driving or operating heavy machinery. • Abrupt withdrawal of the medication should be avoided. What are the side effects of Piracetam? Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomitingCentral Nervous System: Headache, drowsiness, nervousness, agitation, anxiety, and insomnia (inability to sleep), confusion, and hallucination Skin: Allergic skin reactions such as skin rashes, itching or hives Others: Increased body movements, weight gain, and general weakness What are the other precautions for Piracetam? • Avoid excess dose.• In case of overdose, the nearest emergency medical center should be contacted. What are the Drug Interactions of Piracetam? • Piracetam may increase the prothrombin time in patients who are taking anticoagulants such as warfarin. It may increase the risk of bleeding with other drugs with a similar effect on the blood.• Anticonvulsant effects of anti-seizure drugs are reduced when taken together with piracetam. • Piracetam could alter the effects of thyroid hormones, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants and psychotropic drugs. • Avoid piracetam with alcohol intake. What are the storage conditions for Piracetam? • Store in a cool, dry place away from excess heat and moisture.• Keep the medicines out of reach of children.
Show/Hide Menu Hide/Show Apps Open Science Policy Open Science Policy Communities & Collections Communities & Collections Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Thesis submission Thesis submission MS without thesis term project submission MS without thesis term project submission Publication submission with DOI Publication submission with DOI Publication submission Publication submission Supporting Information Supporting Information General Information General Information Copyright, Embargo and License Copyright, Embargo and License Contact us Contact us Urban metabolism of İstanbul: waterfronts as metabolized socio-natures between 1839 and 2019 Sert, Esra Show full item record This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License Item Usage Stats Cite This Viewing the construction processes of urban spaces through urban political ecology reveals a context that deals with the production of nature as space. Considering the age of ecological rift in which we live, the urgency for understanding and altering the complicated relationship between society and nature, institutionalized mainly through urban design and architectural projects in modern times, is apparent. For doing this, unfolding the urban metabolism of cities will have an essential place in the future. This dissertation explores the concept of urban political ecology as a perspective for understanding the shifting urban metabolism of İstanbul in the period between 1839 and 2019. It aims to develop an approach for understanding socio-natural production and the transformation of the urban space concerning the actions of political events and forces in the context of waterfronts through urban metabolism embedded in particular metabolic flows. First, it traces the particular metabolic flows that constitute the space-making agenda embedded in the political-economic vision, projection, and struggle of each studied sub-period. Second, it records the transition and struggle from a labor-intensive urban metabolism to a capital-intensive urban metabolism in İstanbul between 1839 and 2019. Third, it follows the critical role of architectural practice and urban agenda as political instruments that operate through metabolic flows concerning the shifting urban metabolism of İstanbul within the perspective of urban political ecology. In short, this dissertation makes an original contribution to the context of urban metabolism and the efforts of urban studies at large to transcend the dualities between the social and natural. Moreover, it contributes to discovering the shifting ideology of nature through the space-making agenda and keeping the records of the unfinished urban projections of one period in İstanbul that were completed in another. Above all, this dissertation aims to criticize waterfronts as metabolized socio-natures under the capitalist mode of production. It focuses on the evolution of different types of visions and projections for waterfronts and relationally inner parts of the city throughout the metabolic flows of land, water, urban voids, oil, coal, iron, and cement, respectively. Accordingly, this study seeks to provide critical insights for the next generation of research on the urbanization process in critical architectural and urban studies as well as how this process may affect the socio-natural landscapes of human health and ecosystems. Subject Keywords Metabolic flows Urban Political Ecology Urban Metabolism Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis Agriculture in urban areas as a socio-economic and townscape value : the case of Rize Üstoğlu, Deniz; Günay, Baykan; Department of City and Regional Planning (2012) Rapid urbanization, which is one of the major problems of contemporary era, created cities as the major destroying centers of nature and ecology by human beings. In this respect, urban agriculture takes place in urban areas as a new way to meet nature and urban for improving the quality of life in the last decades. Despite the belief that agricultural activities always take place in rural areas, agriculture in urban areas would provide citizens many opportunities in terms of social, economic and environment... Space organisation in urban block :interfaces among public, common and private spaces based on Conzen method in Bahçelievler Songülen, Nazlı; Günay, Baykan; Department of City and Regional Planning (2012) Space organisation of urban blocks is a significant topic of urban design field to achieve correlated urban parts that enhance the variety in urban spaces. However, the rapid urban transformation experienced in the Turkish cities resulted in the generation of similar urban blocks with the lack of spatial variety. Therefore, a re-evolution of space organisation concepts for urban blocks emerges as a design problem in order to cope with the defined problem. From this point of view, the interfaces among public... Urban compactness : a study of Ankara urban form Çalışkan, Olgu; Günay, Baykan; Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Department (2003) Sustainable urban development is mentioned together with the concept of urban form in contemporary planning literature. The main reason behind this is a need for determining an ideal physical development scheme and its main principles of urban future in a broad term. Besides, the operational side of urban planning requires a concrete set of design codes in order to transform urban space in both macro and mezzo scale. At this point, the concept of urban compactness and the idea of Compact City have come into... Urban spaces re-defined in daily prectices : the case of "minibar", Ankara Altay, Deniz; Sargın, Güven Arif; Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Department (2004) This study, preconceives space as a social phenomenon, and emphasizes the fact that the urban space cannot be separated from its inhabitants. Accordingly, it suggests that the investigation of both the city and its inhabitants is crucial with respect to everyday life and practice. Hence, the study questions how inhabitants create their spaces following their needs and demands, and how the urban space is re-defined and re-produced through appropriation. Moreover, the study aims to understand how the inhabita... Urban conservation legacy of the Turkish planning system: tracing spatial change in the Ankara Acropolis, from 1923 onwards Demiroz, Merve; Şahin Güçhan, Neriman (Informa UK Limited, 2020-04-16) This paper examines the conservation history of the Ankara Acropolis, today named 'Haci-Bayram District', and the spatial change in this historic environment linked to the development of urban conservation since the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. We drew upon archival research such as old maps, aerial images, former analyses, technical plans and project reports, legal decisions by conservation boards and a field survey to illustrate the morphological change triggered by conservation attempts. H... Citation Formats E. Sert, "Urban metabolism of İstanbul: waterfronts as metabolized socio-natures between 1839 and 2019," Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2020.
Anthony King enjoys a collection of instructive failures. Fail Better Science Gallery, Trinity College Dublin. Until 27 April 2014. An exhibition exhorts us to embrace failure. Each of the 20 objects displayed in Fail Better at the Science Gallery, Trinity College Dublin, has been chosen by a luminary to represent an inspiring or arresting story of the role of failure in stimulating creativity. Inspired partly by the mantra of start-up entrepreneurs — "Fail early, fail fast, fail often" — the show also recalls the words of Trinity College Dublin graduate Samuel Beckett: "Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail better." He saw failure as the ultimate goal of art. Science, too, is built from mistakes that are, as Jules Verne wrote, "useful to make, because they lead little by little to the truth". For example, astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell's pick for the exhibition is the Mars Climate Orbiter, the US$125-million spacecraft that went missing in September 1999. A week later, NASA announced: "people sometimes make errors". Notoriously, one team had used metric units, the other imperial — a simple mistake that probably led to the orbiter disintegrating in the Martian atmosphere. Says Bell Burnell's programme note: "Even at the highest level errors happen and can go unnoticed, proving that attention to detail is always paramount." On show is a toy replica of the orbiter, which was hastily withdrawn by NASA and is now a collector's item. The loss prompted NASA to look anew at its 'faster, better, cheaper' approach. By contrast, to signify how it is important to fail on a small scale rather than spectacularly, there is a humble fuse — a reflection by economist Tim Harford on how our economic system lacked such a 'fuse' to prevent the 2008 financial meltdown. The most bizarre exhibit is a mock up of a Blonsky device. Granted a patent in 1965 but never built, the machine was designed to spin a woman during childbirth at up to 7g to assist delivery. It features a baby-blue 'safety net' to catch the new arrival. The choice of Ig Nobel Prize founder Marc Abrahams, the device won inventors George and Charlotte Blonsky one of the gongs in 1999. Too often, the messiness of experimentation is obscured, and the lessons of failure squandered. That mistakes can be costly and destructive is rammed home by The Ice Pick Lobotomy, an installation by Trinity neuroscientist Shane O'Mara. One of several medical instruments on show, the macabre lobotomy kit from the Wellcome Collection of medical artefacts reminds us of a terrible, telling failure of medical ethics. But it is a shame that the exhibition does not delve more into the issue of hidden failure in research. Too often, the messiness of experimentation is obscured, and the lessons of failure squandered, thanks to the bias towards publishing successful results. What we do see is the role of serendipity in discovery, and the importance of persistence. A structure sculpted from purple acrylic thread embodies the accidental invention of the colour mauve, when a botched 1856 attempt by chemist William Perkin to make quinine from coal tar ended up founding the synthetic-dye industry. Meanwhile, a cutaway Dyson vacuum cleaner is described as the result of more than 2,000 prototypes by its selector, James Dyson. Finally, there are three manuscript drafts of Beckett's Worstward Ho, the 1983 novella in which he lauded failure. Each uses different iterations of the line quoted here, as Beckett made revisions. He reputedly railed against winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, fearing that the publicity would distract him from his writing. He knew, it seems, that the path to success through a thicket of frustration is often the more instructive journey. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Related links Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article King, A. Research and development: No matter, try again. Nature 506, 294 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/506294a Issue Date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/506294a
St George's, University of London Background These immortal melanocyte lines are held in the Wellcome Trust Functional Genomics Cell Bank at St George's. This unique Cell Bank specializes in mouse melanocyte and melanoblast lines carrying a wide range of pigmentary mutations. Other cell types include mouse and human melanoma cells, fibroblasts, mouse neural crest stem cells, keratinocytes, and several differentiating cell types. The cells from the bank are available to research groups in any country. Technology Overview The researchers at St George's have specialized in generating a matched set of mostly congenic melanocyte lines [melan-xx] carrying different pigmentary mutations, by crossing the mouse mutant of interest with Cdkn2a-null mice (usually to homozygosity) before explantation. Cdkn2a-null cells do not senesce, so that the primary diploid melanocyte cultures are already immortal and do not have to acquire mutations in order to establish in culture. Accordingly, these lines are expected to be still diploid, highly homogeneous, and differing from strain control lines only by the mutation of interest, enabling rigorous testing of hypotheses for functional defects due to the mutation, and removing the need to use animals. The team at St George's offer advice on the protocols needed to grow and cryopreserve differentiated mouse melanocytes. The researchers have also derived melanoblast (melanocyte precursor) lines from neonatal mouse epidermis [melb-xx] by developing suitable media in which these cells will grow. Some popular cell lines are shown below. Melanocytes: All the following melanocyte lines are on the C57BL/6J mouse strain background and therefore have genotype a/a. All are also Cdkn2a null as well as any other listed mutation, so melan-Ink4a-Arf1 to -4 are syngeneic control lines. Melanoblasts: This unpigmented precursor line is also C57BL/6J (a/a) but spontaneously established in culture rather than with an initial Cdkn2a deletion. Valuable for studying cell differentiation and normal cell migration (melanoblasts are naturally migratory cells). The control melanocyte line is melan-a2, derived by cell differentiation from melb-a. Further Details: Sviderskaya, E.V. et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94, 446-454 (2002). Plowright, L., PhD thesis (University of London) Hida T et al, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 22, 623-634 (2009). Plowright, L., PhD thesis (University of London) Sviderskaya, E.V. et al. Development 121, 1547-1557 (1995) Sviderskaya, E.V. et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94, 446-454 (2002). Sviderskaya, E.V. et al. Development 121, 1547-1557 (1995). Melanocytes derived from mice with pigmentary mutations provide a leading model system for studying diverse and fundamental areas of gene action and interaction. The mouse is the animal of choice among mammals for genetic analysis, with its fully sequenced genome, inbred strains and the vast database of functional information from mutant and genetically manipulated stocks (Mouse Genome Informatics, http://www.informatics.jax.org/ ). Melanocyte and melanoblast lines are used in research on topics including: Cell differentiation Organelle biosynthesis and transport Protein transport Growth control Many others Some examples of interest are listed here. See the Cell Bank website http://www.sgul.ac.uk/depts/anatomy/pages/WTFGCB.htm for more detail and more lines. Available for non-commercial research purposes
Our easy-to-use UT GPA Calculator, Tyler, will help you calculate your semester GPAs. With the UT Tyler GPA Calculator, you will get your results in seconds and have the advantage of referencing them at any time. Note: If you are looking to convert your GPA, follow this link to convert your GPA into any GPA scale. Related: UT GPA Calculator (Austin) How to use the UT Tyler GPA Calculator Calculate your UT Tyler GPA within minutes with these three simple steps: 1. Select Your Grade To start calculating your UT Tyler GPA, first select your grade. To get your grade, you can ask your teacher or check your noticeboard to find it. Grades can range from an A to an F. For each course, choose a letter grade from the drop-down menu. 2. Input Your Credits Hour Then you can input the value of earned credit hours for each course. For example, if you have earned an A in a 4-credit-hour course, then Input 4 in the box next to the course name. Typically, at the University of Texas at Tyler, the number of credits is 3 or 4. You can also use a weighted GPA calculator for a more accurate calculation. If you have more than four courses to calculate in each of your semesters, Just Click the Add Course button to add more courses. And if you equally need to calculate your CGPA, you can click the +Add semester button to Add another semester. 3. See the Result of Your UT Tyler GPA After selecting your grade and inputting your credit hours, you would see your GPA and the Overall GPA update. Make sure you save the result by clicking the SAVE RESULT button, and also bookmark the calculator for reference for the next semester. How is UT Tyler's GPA Calculated? The UT GPA is calculated by adding up all the grade points you have earned and dividing by the total number of credit hours earned. To convert your UT GPA, (grade point average) on a 4.0 scale. You need to know your top grade, which is an A and equals 4.0. The overall GPA is calculated by averaging the scores of all your classes, which is the standard scale at most colleges, and many high schools. How To Calculate your UT Tyler CGPA To calculate your UT Tyler CGPA for all your semesters, you need to click on the +Add Semester button. And repeat the whole process again. The semester GPA would keep updating at the bottom as you keep adding your grade and Credit Unit, while the CGPA would keep updating on the overall GPA box. Updating your GPA throughout the year will enable you to see if you are on track to reach your education goals. The feedback you get when you figure out your UT Tyler CGPA score will let you know if you need to make adjustments to your study habits for assignments, reviews, and exams. UT Tyler GPA scale Below is the UT Tyler GPA scale used while developing the UT Tyler GPA calculator. Grade \| Level of Performance \| Grade Points \| A \| excellent \| 4 \| B \| good \| 3 \| C \| fair \| 2 \| D \| poor \| 1 \| F \| failing \| 0 \|
Marine Weather The primary source of Marine Weather Services in Canada is Environment Canada. In addition to marine weather forecasts, the department also publishes a National Marine Weather Guide as well as Regional Marine Weather Guides geared to the different regions of Canada. These guides provide very valuable information about conditions that are unique to certain parts of the country. If you have access to the internet, windy.com is an impressive site with accurate forecasts. Weather Concerns for Boaters Visibilty (Fog) Of utmost importance when out on the water is being able to see where you are going. Fog is one of the more significant weather hazards you will have to deal with. Wind is described based on the direction from where it is blowing, i.e. a west wind is blowing out of the west. In marine forecasts, wind speed is expressed in knots (nautical miles per hour). If you are a sailor, wind can be fun, particularly if there are no significant waves. Waves are generated by the wind. Sea surface conditions (waves)are influenced by 4 factors; wind speed time (that the wind is blowing out of the same direction) fetch (the distance travelled by the wind over open water) depth of water
Poker is a card game where players place bets to compete for a pot of money that is awarded to the player with the highest-ranking hand. The game is a mix of chance and skill, and players can work to develop their chances of winning through practice and studying the strategies of other players. The rules of poker vary depending on the variant, but all games begin with a forced bet: either an ante or blind. In some cases, players can raise their bets, but in others, this is not permitted and the player with the strongest hands wins the pot. There are many variations of poker, but No-Limit Hold'em is by far the most popular, both online and offline. It is a simple, entertaining game that requires very little in the way of strategy and equipment, making it ideal for beginners to learn. The rules are straightforward, and it is easy to find a game anywhere you go. As in any game of chance, luck will play a role in poker, but it is important to realize that poker is primarily a game of skill and that the more you play, the better you will become. There are many factors that come into play, including reading other players, calculating odds, and adapting your strategy based on the situation. The best players also have patience and know when to call it quits. One of the most important skills in poker is deception. A skilled player can make other players think they have a strong hand when they really don't, and this can lead to big wins. The most common form of deception in poker is bluffing, where the player bets strongly on a weak hand in the hopes that they can induce other players to fold their superior hands. A player can also win the pot by raising the bet on a good hand and putting other players in a difficult position to call. This is known as "stealing" a pot and is very common at high stakes games. Another important aspect of the game is determining how much money to bet, or "betsize," on a given hand. This is a matter of risk versus reward, and it is a concept that every player must understand in order to maximize their profits. A good poker player must be able to calculate the odds of their hand and compare them to the pot size in order to determine how much they should bet. A player must also have a solid understanding of the different types of poker hands in order to choose which ones to play and when. A good poker player must also be able to read other players, which includes knowing when to fold. The best poker players are able to make this decision quickly and quietly, and they can also spot tells when their opponents check and raise. They are also able to calculate pot odds and percentages.
Embed Size (px) Citation preview 420 SPO Abstracts 443 PERIPARTUM BLOOD/SECRETION CONTACT LINKED TO VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV INFECTION. K. Kondurix, T. Jones, E. Moorex, D. Harrisonx, N. RoumayahX , S. Bottoms, F. Cohenx. Dept. Pediatrics and Ob/Gyn, Wayne State Univ., Detroit MI OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the effect of intrapartum and postnatal events in vertical transmission of HIV infection. STUDY DESIGN: The records of 78 HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants delivering between 1985 and 1991 were evaluated. Infants were divided into two groups: infected (26) and non-infected (52). Factors analyzed included ruptured membranes, scalp electrode, fetal scalp sampling, episiotomy, vaginal bleeding prior to delivery, cesarean section, baby bath after 120 minutes, baby blood draw prior to bath, and whether HIV status of mother was known at time of delivery. Data were analyzed using multiway contingency table analysis. RESULTS: Membrane rupture >2 hours, vaginal bleeding, episiotomy, and fetal scalp sampling were associated with infant infection (p< 0.05). There appeared to be a trend for baby blood draw prior to bath (p < 0.07) and scalp electrode (p < 0.08) to be linked to infant infection. Cesarean section, time of baby bath, or whether maternal HIV status was known at time of delivery were not significantly associated with infant infection. CONCLUSION: Peripartum contact with maternal blood and secretions significantly increases the risk for vertical transmission of HIV infection; every effort should be made to minimize it. 444 RAPID DNA PROBE FOR GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS. R. Welch, M. Jordan,x N. Tierney,X E. Horowitz,X W. LeBar.x Dept Ob/Gyn, Providence Hospital/WSU, Southfield, MI. OBJECTIVE: Group B streptococci (GBS) is the most common life-threatening neonatal infection. Rapid screening of women for GBS during labor is currently unavailable. We evaluated the ability of a new, rapid DNA-probe (AccuProbetm , GEN-Probe, San Diego) to detect maternal GBS colonization. STUDY DESIGN: Vaginal/rectal swabs were obtained at the first prenatal visit. Results of AccuProbe assay were compared with bacterial cultures. Colonization was classified as light (colonies present in only one quadrant of the culture plate), or heavy (growth in the second through fourth quadrants). Analysis was by Chi-Square test of proportions. RESULTS: Of the 232 women tested for GBS, 34 had positive vaginal/rectal cultures (14% prevalence). Compared with vaginal cultures, AccuProbe's overall sensitivity was 47%; specificity 92%. With heavy vaginal colonization alone, AccuProbe detected 75%, compared with 12% with light colonization. CONCLUSIONS: The AccuProbe appears to detect 3 out of 4 patients with heavy vaginal GBS colonization. While the risk of vertical transmission to the neonate is greatest with heavy GBS colonization, risk from light colonization is alsQ present. It appears that AccuProbe screening during labor will only partially reduce neonatal GBS risk. January 1993 Am J Obstet Gyneco1 445 ANTENATAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS PREVALENCE: IS SCREENING WORTHWHILE? G. Gilson, M. Wellhoner, M. Platt" L. Nimms" L. Volpicelli" L. Curet. Depts. Ob/Gyn and Microbiology, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prevalence of group B streptococcus (GBS) carriage in our obstetric population to assess whether carrier status might be predicted, and if knowledge of same would intluence peripartum management. STUDY DESIGN: Vaginal and rectal swabs for GBS from 352 early third trimester women were incubated in selective medium. GBS carriers were treated with intrapartum antibiotics if they had a high-risk condition. Characteristics of GBS (+) and (-) women were compared. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of GBS carriage in this population was 18.5%. Of the GBS (+) patients, rectal (R), vaginal (V) and both sites were (+) in 25%, 29%, and 46% respectively. There was no significant difference in age, parity, ethnicity, gestational age, birth weight, Apgars, c-section, amnionitis, preterm labor, PROM, endometritis, or neonatal sepsis between GBS( +) and (-) women. Six high-risk women received intrapartum antibiotics because of being unexpectantly GBS( +). CONCLUSIONS: I)Antenatal screening appears to be beneficial for timely recognition of infants at risk. 2)No patient characteristic studied is capable of predicting who will be GBS (+). 3)Use of selective medium and sampling from both (R) and (V) sites are crucial for carrier detection. 4)We recommend that GBS screening be incorporated into standard obstetric practice. 446 A RANDOMIZED, PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF AMOXICILLIN VERSUS ERYTHROMYCIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHLAMYDIA IN PREGNANCY. N. Silverman. M. Hochman,x M. Sullivan,x M. Womack.x Dept. of Ob/Gyn, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, P A. OBJECTIVE: The importance of treating maternal chlamydia infections prior to delivery, along with high reported rates of noncompliance with traditional erythromycin therapy, led us to evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin as an alternate therapy, comparing its chlamydia cure rate and side-effect profile to that of erythromycin. STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized, prospective fashion, 39 pregnant women with chlamydia infection diagnosed by McCoy cell culture were assigned to receive either amoxicillin (AM) 500 mg, 3 times daily (20 patients) or erythromycin (ER) 500 mg, 4 times daily (19 patients) for 7 days. Patients' parmers received doxycycline. Compliance information was obtained via a standardized questionnaire. Patients with positive follow up cultures were crossed over into the alternate treatment arm and recultured at a later visit. Cure and side effect rates between the two treatment groups were compared by chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: The initial cure rates were 83.3% (15/18) for the AM group and 82.4% (14/17) for ER, prior to crossover (p=O.71). Two patients in each group were lost to followup, while one patient stopped ER therapy due to side effects and was placed in the AM group. Overall cure rates after crossover were 85.7% (18/21) for AM and 85.0% (17/20) for ER (1""0.71). In the AM group, 14.3% of patients reported side effects compared to 35% treated with ER (p=O.24), though 5 ER-treated patients compared to none of those in the AM arm stopped therapy due to side effects (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data from this study suggest that amoxicillin offers a reasonable alternative to erythromycin for the treatment of chlamydia in pregnancy, on the basis of both cure rates and patient compliance.
Exploring the Efficiency of Ball Mills in Lime Slaking Processes Lime slaking is the process of converting quicklime into hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) by reacting it with water. This chemical reaction is used extensively in various industries, such as wastewater treatment, mining, and construction. One crucial aspect of lime slaking is to achieve a high-quality hydrated lime product efficiently. This is where ball mills come into play. Ball mills are commonly used in the lime slaking process due to their adaptability and wide range of applications. They can handle both wet and dry grinding, and their efficiency is closely related to the grinding media's characteristics. The grinding media in a ball mill plays a significant role in the efficiency of the slaking process. The selection of proper grinding media allows the mill to consistently achieve the desired product quality while maintaining high grinding efficiency. The media should have sufficient hardness to grind the quicklime effectively, yet not too hard that it damages the mill lining. In addition to the grinding media, the design and configuration of the ball mill also affect its efficiency in lime slaking. Key factors to consider include the mill's diameter and length, speed of rotation, and the type of discharge system. The diameter and length of the ball mill determine its capacity for grinding quicklime. A larger diameter and longer length provide higher capacity, allowing for a greater amount of quicklime to be processed in a shorter time. However, it is important to strike a balance between capacity and efficiency, as an oversized mill may consume more energy without significantly improving the grinding process. The rotational speed of the mill influences the grinding action and the residence time of quicklime inside the mill. A higher rotational speed generally results in finer grinding, but it may also increase energy consumption. Achieving the optimum speed is crucial for maximizing the mill's efficiency and maintaining a consistent product quality. The discharge system of the ball mill affects the slaking process by controlling the product particle size distribution. The types of discharge systems commonly used in lime slaking include overflow, perforated overflow, and grate discharge. Each system has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the slaking process. Efficiency in ball mills can also be enhanced by adding grinding aids, such as organic compounds, that reduce the inter-particle adhesion in the slurry. This can result in increased mill throughput and improved grinding efficiency. In conclusion, ball mills are highly efficient tools for lime slaking processes. Their adaptability and flexibility make them the preferred choice for various industries. The selection of proper grinding media, mill design, and discharge system are crucial in achieving high grinding efficiency and producing high-quality hydrated lime. By optimizing these factors, industries can not only improve the performance of their lime slaking process but also reduce energy consumption and operational costs. Contact us - Whatsapp: +8613661969651 - Online Service(chat now) - Boosting Efficiency and Productivity: How Screening and Wash Plant Manufacturers in South Africa are Making a Difference - From the Depths of Earth: Captivating Photos of Iron Ore Heavy Duty Equipments in full Operation - The Advantages of a Stationary Jaw Crusher in Quarries for Increased Efficiency - Barite Grinding Companies: Boosting the Economic Growth of Local Communities - From Raw Materials to Quality Aggregates: How Terrex Stone Crushers are Meeting the USA's Demands - The Advantages of Investing in a Stone Crusher Machine Sale in Germany
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have devastating effects on a person's cognitive and physical abilities. Rehabilitation is crucial for individuals with TBI to regain their independence and quality of life. In recent years, the use of biometric data in TBI rehabilitation has gained significant attention. Biometric data provides valuable insights into the patient's physiological and cognitive functioning, enabling healthcare professionals to customize treatments and monitor progress more effectively. This article explores the importance of biometric data in TBI rehabilitation and strategies for optimizing rehabilitation using this data. The Importance of Biometric Data in TBI Rehabilitation Biometric data, such as heart rate, blood pressure, brainwave activity, and eye movements, can provide objective measurements of a patient's physiological and cognitive state. This data helps healthcare professionals gain a deeper understanding of how TBI affects the brain and body and identify areas that require attention during rehabilitation. By tracking these biomarkers, clinicians can tailor rehabilitation programs to meet the specific needs of each patient, optimizing their recovery process. Moreover, biometric data allows for real-time monitoring of patients during rehabilitation sessions. For example, wearable sensors can measure heart rate variability, which indicates the body's stress response. By monitoring this data, therapists can adjust the intensity of exercises and interventions accordingly, ensuring the patient remains within their optimal range. This personalized approach is crucial for preventing overexertion or under-stimulation, both of which can hinder progress and compromise safety during rehabilitation. Strategies for Optimizing Rehabilitation Using Biometric Data One strategy for optimizing rehabilitation using biometric data is biofeedback therapy. Biofeedback therapy uses sensors to measure physiological responses, such as muscle tension or brain activity, and provides real-time feedback to the patient. This feedback helps individuals with TBI become more aware of their bodily processes and learn to control them, leading to improved motor function, reduced pain, and enhanced cognitive abilities. By incorporating biometric data into biofeedback therapy, clinicians can precisely measure the patient's progress and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. Another strategy is the use of virtual reality (VR) technology, combined with biometric monitoring. VR-based rehabilitation programs allow patients to engage in simulated environments that mimic real-life scenarios. By monitoring biometric data during these VR sessions, clinicians can assess the patient's emotional state, attention levels, and physical responses. This data can then be used to modify the VR environment, introducing challenges or adjusting the difficulty level to match the patient's capabilities. By leveraging biometric data, VR rehabilitation becomes more personalized and effective. Optimizing TBI rehabilitation is crucial for ensuring the best possible outcomes for individuals with brain injuries. Biometric data provides healthcare professionals with invaluable insights into the patient's physiological and cognitive functioning, enabling a more personalized and effective approach to rehabilitation. By incorporating biometric monitoring and analysis into rehabilitation strategies such as biofeedback therapy and VR-based interventions, clinicians can tailor treatments to meet the specific needs of each patient, maximizing their recovery potential. As technology continues to advance, harnessing biometric data in TBI rehabilitation promises to revolutionize the field and pave the way for further advancements in patient care.
Sometimes when you're slathering on the sunscreen and reading the ingredients, it can cause you to wonder if what you're rubbing into your skin is more hazardous than the sun's rays! One easy way to select a safer sunscreen is to look for a Reef-Safe or Ocean Friendly sunscreen as they are better for sea life and humans. Generally, they exclude harsh chemicals such as benzophenones, parabens, and other skin irritants and are mineral-based. Always apply a waterproof sunscreen that is SPF 30 or higher at least 20 minutes before going outside. Wearing a broad-brimmed sun hat with a brim of 3 inches is an effective way to protect your head, face, neck, and ears from harmful UV rays. The World Health Organization has determined that the continuous exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) produced by the sun has harmful effects on the skin, eyes, and immune system. It is always best to avoid the sun's direct rays between 10 am and 4 pm but finding the shade can be challenging when you're at the beach. So if you're looking to kick back and relax with a good book seaside, invest in a beach umbrella or sunshade and chair that will protect your skin and allow you to enjoy a piece of paradise a little longer and more comfortably.
Order top-quality essays and research papers now One of the mostly used tools in risk assessment is Missouri Risk Assessment tool. The tool is used in both informal and formal perspectives. It determines the risks that an individual poses to the current society during prosecution. It also applies to determine risks accompanying the release an individual from custody or detention to the society. The Missouri Assessment tool is important in assessing the scales of juvenile offenders. Its application is different since they refer to different cases. The assessment classifies the scales as being at high, moderate, or low risk. The scale also emphasizes on different social factors of the offender both the social and psychological perspectives. The Missouri Risk assessment has ten risk factors. The first and the second factors are the age of the first referral and the age of prior referrals respectively. In these cases, the assessment tries to determine the mental capabilities and the social expectations of an individual at different ages. The age of an individual is the main determinant of the moral justification of one's actions. Coleen is 15 years old which means that she has not yet attained majority age. This assessment also considers peer relationships, family, and general behavior. It also considers history of abuse, neglect, home placement, substance abuse, and parental incarceration. Order top-quality essays and research papers now A little information is available in the case study about Colleen's relationships. She has experienced both outright abuse and neglect. There is no proof of any existing friends from the case. She does not have pro-social ties and the only person with full responsibility for her is the aunt. From the study, it is evident that she interacts with random people since she runs away from home. Her social history is complicated considering her age. She has a criminal history since she admits to running away from her aunt. From the assessment tool, her score on both criminal history and social history risk is 7 and 17 respectively. Her level of risk from the combination of social and criminal history is 9. She does not have any police records according to the information in the study. She does not also have any record of lying since she has admitted her past crime, which is running away from home. In committing the crime, the girl admits that she poured pesticide on her neighbor. She goes ahead to admit that she was trespassing. Her explanation that she was trying to put out the fire is not adequate since the study does not show the actual distance between Colleen, her neighbor, and the burning scarecrow. However, her assessment indicates that she has a high risk factor as a measure of social and criminal history. Therefore, she has the motive to commit the crime. The earlier threats that the neighbor gave also add to her motive of committing the crime. The simple reason of putting out the fire on other's property with full knowledge of the cause of the fire is a vague justification (Baldry, 2013). First, the case study should provide the age of Colleen's neighbor. This would provide a better explanation of Colleen's actions and her response to the neighbor's actions. The study does not show whether the neighbor is a teenager or an adult in which case it would assist in showing why the girl acted as she did. The age would also help in determining the reasons why the neighbor threatened Colleen by burning the scarecrow in order to warn her. Second, the study does not explain on the criminal and social history of the neighbor. It should show on what social circumstances the neighbor was living and would affect Colleen's motive and behavior. The study should also give past police records considering her neighbor's behavior. This would also assist in determining the neighbor's relationship with Colleen. It would also assist in explaining what risks the neighbor poses to Colleen which may have led to the dog's bite (Heilbrun, Goldstein & Redding, 2005). The study should also present enough information about the response to the peers of both referrals on past actions. This would determine the social relationship of both Colleen and her neighbor to the actions which happened. It should also present exhaustively the information from the families of both individuals other than relying on the information from the individuals themselves. This additional information will be important to provide correct risk assessment. Each state has specific risk assessment for juvenile offenders. The assessments assist in deciding the appropriate punishments. From the above assessment, several recommendations can be provided on how to handle Colleen's case. The above assessment also assists in determining the appropriate steps that the juvenile court should take to assist her. It outlines her social and psychological difficulties at her age. However, her past problems should not be a justification of a crime and make the society feel sorry for her. Therefore, she ought to have a punishment for involuntary manslaughter, but a lighter one than for a juvenile with normal social circumstances. Her evaluation should also include a rehabilitation process to assist in regaining her mental consciousness. Buy essay help from us and we guarantee that there will be no chance of plagiarism found in your paper. What our client say Fantastic work, writer #44948! The job you did on my research project cannot be matched. It was perfection! Thank you for working this hard and for helping me get another A+. I really appreciate what a good job you did. I sincerely thank you, SuperEssay.org, for doing such wonderful work on my research proposal. 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The FINANCIAL — A Food and Drug Administration advisory panel recommended that the agency approve the cholesterol-lowering drug Praluent, the first of a wave of such cardiovascular drugs expected to raise billions of dollars in revenue and perhaps alter the treatment of cardiovascular disease, according to Nasdaq. But many panelists said the use of the drug should be limited to certain high-risk groups, such as people with very high cholesterol for genetic reasons because of a condition called familial hypercholesterolemia. The committee voted 13-3 in favor of Praluent, from France'sSanofi SA and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., of Tarrytown, N.Y. But enough panelists expressed caution about the evidence in the companies' studies, and so it may take longer than the industry would like to get these medicines widely used. Panel member Brendan M. Everett, director of the cardiology inpatient service at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, said he would limit the drug's immediate use to certain patients with genetic high cholesterol. "I would not allow broader use," Dr. Everett said. The new injectable medicine is administered every two weeks, and is generically called alirocumab. It could help some patients who can't tolerate or aren't effectively treated with statin drugs such as Lipitor. Another such drug, Repatha from Amgen Inc., will go before the panel on June 10. The panel's recommendation on June 9 boosted shares of Sanofi, which was up 3% in after-hours trading at $50.92. Shares of Regeneron had been halted in regular trading June 9 pending news. This new class of medicines is often called PCSK9-inhibitors, because they block a protein called PCSK9, which interferes with the liver's ability to clear so-called bad cholesterol from the bloodstream. That cholesterol, called LDL, is linked to cardiac disease, albeit imperfectly. Several members of the panel said that while statin drugs have been shown to lower cholesterol and reduce cardiac disease, it's not clear if these new PCSK9 drugs will do the same. "I don't believe we have enough data today," said William R. Hiatt, a cardiologist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Statin drugs have been used by millions of people for more than two decades. The committee's chairman, Robert J. Smith of Brown University, also expressed the wider concern among several panel members that the effect of LDL "may be different for different patient groups." The two companies say they already have a study under way to see if cardiac outcomes improve with the drug, and results are expected in 2017. The link between LDL and cardiac events like heart attack and stroke isn't exact, although it has been shown to be significant in a number of cardiovascular studies previously. One impediment to use of the drug, if it should win FDA approval, is its likely cost. Some Wall Street analysts say such drugs could cost about $1,000 monthly. The FDA doesn't always follow the recommendations of its advisory committees, but generally does so. In clinical studies evaluated by the FDA and advisory committee, Praluent showed "no marked disparities in deaths, serious adverse events or adverse events leading to discontinuation" of the drug, wrote James P. Smith, deputy director of the FDA's division of metabolism and endocrinology products in the agency's drug center. He wrote that there was some memory impairment in a greater incidence of patients with Praluent than in comparison- group patients, but that "was not characterized as serious" in the eight patients reporting this reaction. Also, there were more liver problems with Praluent, with 2.5% of patients suffering them, compared with 1.8% on placebo. Regarding the effectiveness of the drug, most of the studies showed patients with the drug had their cholesterol lowered by approximately 40% to 60%. Reviewers for the FDA, in a report for the panel, said the drug "demonstrates early and sustained" lowering of LDL cholesterol, "regardless of background lipid-modifying therapies and is generally well-tolerated." Various members of the expert panel, while saying they were overall comfortable with the data on the drug, expressed the concern that studies so far hadn't gone on for long enough. Kenneth D. Burman, a professor of medicine at Georgetown University and a panel member, said "it seems probable that the drug will be safe over time," but that, "We need longer-term studies."
'On a very large proportion of chemicals in everyday use – we either know nothing about their toxicity or very little,' Prof John Sumpter says Humans and wildlife face escalating risks from potentially harmful chemical because the production of new compounds is outstripping capacity to test their toxicity, experts warned. The warning comes from a panel of UK experts behind a review of scientific research on the effects of hormone-disrupting chemicals leaching into ecosystems from everyday items like medicines, detergents and flame retardants. Commonly used products are causing male fish to turn females and building up in the bodies of whales and other large predators to levels which prevent them from reproducing entirely. With more than 140,000 chemicals approved for regular use in the EU alone these issues are often only spotted when they have caused wildlife populations to collapse. Even seemingly harmless chemicals approved as soaps in human use can have radically different properties when they break down in the environment.
Why Everyone Should Embrace Global Citizenship September 9, 2023In today's interconnected world, the concept of being a global citizen has gained immense significance. A global citizen is someone who identifies with the world beyond their immediate surroundings and takes responsibility for its well-being. Being a global citizen means recognizing the interdependence of nations, cultures, and individuals, and working towards creating a better world for all. In this article, we will explore why everyone should embrace global citizenship. We will discuss how it fosters empathy, promotes understanding, and encourages active participation in shaping the future of our planet. By embracing global citizenship, we can build a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable world, where everyone has a voice and a stake in the future. So, let's dive in and discover why being a global citizen is essential for creating a better world for all. What is a global citizen? Characteristics of a global citizen A global citizen is an individual who identifies with the world beyond their immediate surroundings and has a sense of responsibility for its well-being. They recognize that their actions and decisions have an impact on others, and they strive to make a positive difference. The following are some of the key characteristics of a global citizen: - Cultural awareness: Global citizens are open-minded and respectful of different cultures. They understand that cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, and they actively seek to learn about and appreciate different ways of life. - Environmental consciousness: Global citizens are aware of the environmental challenges facing our planet and take steps to reduce their own impact on the environment. They advocate for policies and practices that promote sustainability and protect the earth's resources. - Social responsibility: Global citizens recognize that they have a responsibility to help others and make a positive difference in the world. They are willing to take action to address social and economic inequalities and to support human rights. - Technological literacy: Global citizens are comfortable with technology and use it to communicate, collaborate, and access information from around the world. They understand the potential of technology to bridge cultural and geographic divides and to create new opportunities for connection and collaboration. - Leadership potential: Global citizens are not afraid to take on leadership roles and to work collaboratively with others to achieve shared goals. They are able to inspire and motivate others to take action and make a positive difference in the world. Benefits of being a global citizen - Gaining a broader perspective: - Being a global citizen means recognizing that one's actions and decisions have an impact beyond their immediate surroundings. - It encourages individuals to consider the global implications of their actions and to take responsibility for the world around them. - Expanding cultural understanding: - Global citizenship promotes the exploration and appreciation of different cultures, fostering a deeper understanding and respect for diversity. - This can lead to more empathetic and inclusive attitudes, helping to break down barriers and build bridges between different communities. - Access to greater opportunities: - As a global citizen, one gains access to a wider range of resources, networks, and opportunities, both locally and internationally. - This can open doors to education, employment, and personal growth, allowing individuals to reach their full potential and contribute to positive change. - Strengthening social and environmental responsibility: - Embracing global citizenship encourages individuals to take an active role in addressing global challenges, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. - By working together and taking shared responsibility, global citizens can create meaningful change and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable world. The Importance of Global Citizenship Understanding the interconnectedness of the world - In today's globalized world, it is important to recognize that events and decisions made in one part of the world can have a significant impact on other parts of the world. - The interconnectedness of the world is becoming increasingly apparent in areas such as economics, politics, and the environment. - Understanding this interconnectedness can help individuals and countries make more informed decisions that take into account the potential consequences of their actions on a global scale. - For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how a health crisis in one country can quickly become a global pandemic, highlighting the need for a coordinated global response. - Additionally, the increasing impact of climate change is a global issue that requires collective action from all countries to mitigate its effects. - Therefore, understanding the interconnectedness of the world is crucial for individuals and countries to navigate the complexities of the globalized world and work towards common goals. Taking responsibility for global issues As a global citizen, it is important to take responsibility for the world's problems and work towards finding solutions. This means being aware of the impact of our actions on the environment and other people, and striving to make a positive difference. By taking responsibility for global issues, we can help create a better world for ourselves and future generations. Some ways in which we can take responsibility for global issues include: - Reducing our carbon footprint by using public transportation, biking, or walking instead of driving, and reducing our consumption of meat and other products that have a high environmental impact. - Supporting fair trade products, which ensure that workers are paid a fair wage for their labor and that products are produced in an environmentally sustainable manner. - Advocating for policies that promote social and environmental justice, such as access to clean water, education, and healthcare for all people. - Educating ourselves about global issues and sharing our knowledge with others to raise awareness and inspire action. By taking responsibility for global issues, we can make a positive impact on the world and help create a more just and sustainable future for all. Promoting peace and understanding Embracing global citizenship promotes peace and understanding in several ways. By developing a broader perspective and appreciation for diverse cultures, individuals can become more empathetic and tolerant towards others. This can help to reduce prejudice and discrimination, leading to greater social cohesion and stability. Additionally, global citizenship encourages people to work together to address global challenges, such as poverty, climate change, and conflict, which can lead to a more peaceful and prosperous world for all. Barriers to Global Citizenship Stereotypes and prejudices Stereotypes and prejudices are significant barriers to embracing global citizenship. These biases are deeply ingrained in societal structures and are often based on race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality. Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people, which can lead to prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behavior. Some common stereotypes that can hinder global citizenship include: - The "foreigner" stereotype: People from different countries are often perceived as foreigners, and this label can create an "us vs. them" mentality. This can lead to prejudice and discrimination against those who are perceived as outsiders. - The "model minority" stereotype: Some groups, such as Asian Americans, are often portrayed as the "model minority," implying that they are successful and have achieved the American Dream. This stereotype can be harmful because it creates unrealistic expectations and can lead to discrimination against those who do not fit this mold. - The "terrorist" stereotype: Muslims and people of Middle Eastern descent are often stereotyped as terrorists, which can lead to discrimination and profiling. Prejudice can also lead to the denial of basic human rights, such as access to education, healthcare, and employment. Prejudice can also manifest in the form of hate speech, hate crimes, and discrimination. It is important to recognize and challenge these stereotypes and prejudices, as they can be harmful to both individuals and society as a whole. By embracing global citizenship, we can work towards a more inclusive and equitable world, where everyone is valued and respected regardless of their background. Lack of education and awareness Education and awareness are critical components of global citizenship. Without proper education and awareness, individuals may not understand the importance of global citizenship or the role they can play in promoting it. There are several reasons why a lack of education and awareness can be a significant barrier to global citizenship. Firstly, many people are not aware of the concept of global citizenship and its implications. They may not understand that their actions have an impact on people and the planet beyond their immediate surroundings. Secondly, without proper education, individuals may not have the knowledge and skills needed to engage in global issues effectively. For example, they may not know how to advocate for policies that promote global justice or how to participate in international organizations that work towards global goals. Finally, a lack of awareness can lead to a lack of empathy and understanding of people from different cultures and backgrounds. This can make it difficult for individuals to engage in cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration, which is essential for promoting global citizenship. Overall, addressing the lack of education and awareness is crucial for promoting global citizenship. This can be achieved through educational programs, media campaigns, and public awareness initiatives that raise awareness about global issues and the importance of global citizenship. By increasing education and awareness, individuals can develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to become effective global citizens and contribute to a more just and sustainable world. Economic and political inequality Economic and political inequality pose significant barriers to global citizenship. Economic inequality refers to the disparities in income, wealth, and access to resources between individuals, groups, and countries. Political inequality, on the other hand, is the unequal distribution of power and influence in decision-making processes at local, national, and international levels. The consequences of economic and political inequality are far-reaching and can limit opportunities for social mobility, hinder access to education and healthcare, and exacerbate poverty and social exclusion. These inequalities are often rooted in historical legacies of colonialism, slavery, and exploitation, which have shaped the global economic and political order. Economic inequality is perpetuated by neoliberal economic policies that prioritize market-driven approaches to development, privatization, and deregulation. These policies have resulted in a global economy that is dominated by multinational corporations and financial institutions, while marginalizing local economies and small businesses. This has led to a widening gap between the rich and poor, with the top 1% of the global population owning more than half of the world's wealth. Political inequality is perpetuated by the concentration of power in the hands of a few wealthy and powerful nations, which dominate international institutions and decision-making processes. This has resulted in a global order that prioritizes the interests of the wealthy and powerful over those of marginalized communities and countries. The lack of representation and participation of marginalized voices in global decision-making processes has led to policies that often ignore their needs and concerns. In conclusion, economic and political inequality are significant barriers to global citizenship. Addressing these inequalities requires a concerted effort to challenge the existing economic and political order and to promote policies that prioritize social justice, equity, and sustainability. It also requires engaging in global dialogue and cooperation to find ways to address these challenges collectively. Ways to Become a Global Citizen Educate yourself on global issues One of the most effective ways to become a global citizen is to educate yourself on global issues. This involves acquiring knowledge about the world's most pressing problems, such as poverty, climate change, and political instability, and understanding how they impact people's lives around the world. Here are some steps you can take to educate yourself on global issues: - Read books and articles: There are numerous books and articles written by experts in various fields that provide insights into global issues. Some of the best books to read include "The World is Flat" by Thomas Friedman, "No Logo" by Naomi Klein, and "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith. - Watch documentaries: Documentaries can be an excellent way to learn about global issues. You can find many documentaries on platforms like Netflix, Amazon Prime, and YouTube. Some of the most informative documentaries include "An Inconvenient Truth," "The True Cost," and "Icarus." - Attend workshops and conferences: Attending workshops and conferences is an excellent way to learn about global issues and network with like-minded individuals. You can find workshops and conferences on various topics, such as sustainability, human rights, and global health. - Engage in online discussions: Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn provide an excellent opportunity to engage in online discussions about global issues. You can follow experts in various fields and participate in discussions on relevant topics. - Join global organizations: Joining global organizations is an excellent way to connect with people from different parts of the world and learn about global issues. Some of the most prominent global organizations include the United Nations, Amnesty International, and Greenpeace. By educating yourself on global issues, you can develop a deeper understanding of the world and the challenges it faces. This knowledge can help you become a more informed and engaged global citizen, who is better equipped to make a positive impact on the world. Volunteer and engage with local and global communities Embracing global citizenship means recognizing the interconnectedness of the world and our responsibility to make a positive impact. One way to become a global citizen is by volunteering and engaging with local and global communities. Here are some ways to do so: - Volunteer with non-profit organizations: Non-profit organizations are often working to address global issues such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. By volunteering with these organizations, you can make a tangible difference in the lives of people and communities around the world. - Engage with local community groups: Even if you don't have the resources to volunteer on a global scale, you can still make a difference in your own community. By engaging with local community groups, you can help address issues such as homelessness, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. - Support global initiatives: There are many global initiatives that rely on support from individuals like you. You can support these initiatives by making a donation, sharing information about them on social media, or by volunteering your time and skills. - Learn about global issues: To become a global citizen, it's important to educate yourself about global issues. This can include reading books and articles, attending workshops and conferences, or taking online courses. - Engage in cultural exchange: One of the best ways to become a global citizen is to engage in cultural exchange. This can include traveling to other countries, hosting international students, or participating in cultural events in your community. By volunteering and engaging with local and global communities, you can make a positive impact on the world and become a true global citizen. Support ethical and sustainable businesses As a global citizen, it is important to support businesses that prioritize ethical and sustainable practices. Here are some ways to do so: - Research the company's policies and practices: Before supporting a business, it is important to research its policies and practices to ensure that they align with your values. Look for information on the company's environmental impact, labor practices, and community involvement. - Shop from small and local businesses: Small and local businesses often have a smaller carbon footprint and can have a more significant impact on the local community. By supporting these businesses, you can help promote sustainable and ethical practices at a local level. - Consider the supply chain: When purchasing products, consider the supply chain and how the materials were sourced. Look for businesses that use sustainable materials or that prioritize fair trade practices. - Support B Corps: B Corps are businesses that meet rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency. By supporting B Corps, you can help promote sustainable and ethical business practices on a larger scale. By supporting ethical and sustainable businesses, you can make a positive impact on the world and promote global citizenship. Embracing Diversity and Inclusion Recognizing and respecting cultural differences As we live in an increasingly globalized world, it is essential to recognize and respect cultural differences. This involves acknowledging that people from different parts of the world have different beliefs, values, and practices that are shaped by their unique historical, social, and environmental contexts. By recognizing and respecting cultural differences, we can foster greater understanding and empathy between people from different backgrounds. This is important because it allows us to appreciate the diversity of human experience and to learn from one another. It also helps to prevent cultural misunderstandings and conflicts that can arise when people assume that their own culture is superior to others. Furthermore, recognizing and respecting cultural differences can also help to promote social justice and human rights. By understanding the cultural context of social issues, we can develop more effective strategies for addressing them. For example, we may need to adapt our approaches to addressing gender inequality in different cultural contexts, taking into account local norms and values. Overall, recognizing and respecting cultural differences is an essential aspect of global citizenship. It involves being open-minded, curious, and respectful towards people from different backgrounds, and seeking to understand and appreciate their perspectives and experiences. By doing so, we can build a more inclusive and peaceful world that values diversity and promotes the well-being of all people. Promoting social justice and human rights Embracing global citizenship involves advocating for social justice and human rights, regardless of one's nationality, ethnicity, or cultural background. This entails recognizing the inherent dignity and worth of every individual and working towards ensuring that everyone has access to basic human rights such as education, healthcare, and freedom from discrimination and violence. By promoting social justice and human rights, global citizenship helps to create a more equitable and just world, where everyone has the opportunity to reach their full potential and lead fulfilling lives. This involves recognizing and addressing systemic inequalities and structural barriers that prevent marginalized communities from accessing education, healthcare, and other essential services. One way to promote social justice and human rights is by supporting grassroots movements and organizations that work to advance the rights of marginalized communities. This can include supporting efforts to combat poverty, promote gender equality, and address environmental issues that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Another important aspect of promoting social justice and human rights is holding governments and institutions accountable for their actions. This involves advocating for transparency and accountability in government and corporate actions, and pushing for policies and practices that prioritize the well-being of all people and the planet. In conclusion, promoting social justice and human rights is a critical component of global citizenship. By working towards a more just and equitable world, we can create a brighter future for all people and the planet. Building bridges between communities Building bridges between communities is an essential aspect of embracing global citizenship. In today's world, communities are often segregated and isolated from one another, leading to a lack of understanding and empathy. By building bridges between these communities, we can create a more inclusive and diverse world. One way to build bridges between communities is through cultural exchange programs. These programs allow individuals from different communities to come together and learn about each other's cultures, traditions, and values. By doing so, they can break down stereotypes and misconceptions, and build a deeper understanding and appreciation for each other. Another way to build bridges between communities is through community service projects. These projects can bring together individuals from different backgrounds to work towards a common goal, such as cleaning up a local park or building a community center. Through these shared experiences, individuals can learn about each other's strengths and weaknesses, and develop a sense of empathy and understanding. In addition, technology can play a significant role in building bridges between communities. Social media platforms and online forums can provide individuals with opportunities to connect with others from different backgrounds and share their experiences and perspectives. By engaging in meaningful conversations and collaborations, individuals can build stronger relationships and create a more connected and inclusive world. Overall, building bridges between communities is crucial for creating a more diverse and inclusive world. By engaging in cultural exchange programs, community service projects, and online conversations, individuals can develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for each other, and work towards a more harmonious and connected global society. The Future of Global Citizenship The role of technology in global citizenship Technology has played a significant role in shaping the concept of global citizenship. In the past, people were limited by geographical boundaries, but with the advancement of technology, it has become easier for individuals to connect and collaborate with people from different parts of the world. The following are some ways in which technology has impacted global citizenship: Social media Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for people to connect with others from different parts of the world. Through these platforms, individuals can share their ideas, experiences, and opinions with people from different cultures, thereby promoting a sense of global community. Virtual workspaces The rise of remote work has created virtual workspaces where people from different parts of the world can collaborate on projects. This has enabled individuals to work with people from different cultures, learn new languages, and develop a deeper understanding of different perspectives. Online education Online education has made it possible for people to access educational resources from anywhere in the world. This has enabled individuals to learn about different cultures, languages, and traditions, thereby promoting a sense of global citizenship. Crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter and GoFundMe have made it easier for people to support causes and projects from different parts of the world. This has enabled individuals to become more involved in global issues and make a positive impact on the world. In conclusion, technology has played a significant role in shaping the concept of global citizenship. Through social media, virtual workspaces, online education, and crowdfunding, individuals can connect with people from different parts of the world, learn about different cultures, and make a positive impact on the world. The impact of global citizenship on sustainable development As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the concept of global citizenship has gained significant attention. Global citizenship refers to an individual's identification with the wider global community, rather than solely with their national or cultural identity. Embracing global citizenship has the potential to greatly impact sustainable development efforts around the world. Advancing Global Cooperation Global citizenship promotes a sense of shared responsibility for addressing global challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. By recognizing the interconnectedness of these issues, individuals can work together to develop solutions that benefit the entire global community. This collective effort is essential for achieving sustainable development, as it requires cooperation and collaboration across borders and cultural boundaries. Promoting Sustainable Practices Global citizenship also encourages individuals to adopt sustainable practices in their daily lives. This includes reducing consumption of non-renewable resources, supporting local and global environmental initiatives, and advocating for policies that promote sustainability. By adopting these practices, global citizens can help mitigate the negative impact of human activity on the environment and contribute to a more sustainable future. Fostering Cultural Understanding Global citizenship fosters cultural understanding and respect, which is essential for promoting sustainable development. By learning about and appreciating different cultures, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by communities around the world. This understanding can inform the development of more effective and culturally sensitive solutions to global challenges. Supporting Global Governance Finally, global citizenship supports the development of effective global governance structures. By recognizing the need for coordinated action on global challenges, individuals can advocate for the creation and strengthening of international institutions that promote sustainable development. This includes supporting international agreements on climate change, biodiversity conservation, and human rights, among others. In conclusion, embracing global citizenship has the potential to greatly impact sustainable development efforts around the world. By promoting cooperation, sustainable practices, cultural understanding, and effective global governance, global citizens can help create a more sustainable future for all. The future of a more connected and interdependent world In an increasingly globalized world, it is essential for individuals to adopt a global citizenship mindset. This involves recognizing that our actions and decisions have an impact beyond our immediate communities and considering the well-being of the planet and all its inhabitants. One of the key benefits of embracing global citizenship is the potential for greater interconnectedness and interdependence among people and nations. As the world becomes more connected through technology, transportation, and communication, individuals have the opportunity to learn from and collaborate with others from different cultures and backgrounds. Moreover, the challenges facing the world today, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality, require collective action and cooperation on a global scale. By adopting a global citizenship mindset, individuals can play a part in addressing these issues and working towards a more sustainable and equitable future for all. In addition, global citizenship can promote greater empathy and understanding among people from different backgrounds. By recognizing the commonalities and differences between us, we can build bridges of connection and cooperation, rather than walls of division and conflict. Overall, the future of global citizenship is one of increased interconnectedness and interdependence, where individuals recognize their role in shaping the world and work together to create a better future for all. 1. What is a global citizen? A global citizen is an individual who identifies with being a part of a larger global community, and takes an active interest in the world's affairs. This includes understanding the impact of their actions on the environment, other people, and society as a whole. 2. Why should I embrace global citizenship? Embracing global citizenship can help you to develop a deeper understanding of the world around you, and your place within it. It allows you to see beyond the boundaries of your own country, and to appreciate the diversity of people and cultures around the world. By doing so, you can develop a more empathetic and compassionate view of the world, and work towards creating a more just and equitable society for all. 3. What are the benefits of being a global citizen? Being a global citizen can bring many benefits, including the ability to see multiple perspectives on a given issue, the ability to understand and appreciate different cultures, and the ability to work towards creating positive change in the world. Additionally, being a global citizen can also provide you with a sense of belonging to a larger community, and a sense of purpose and fulfillment in your life. 4. How can I become a global citizen? Becoming a global citizen is a journey that requires time, effort, and a willingness to learn and grow. It involves developing an understanding of global issues, engaging with people from different cultures, and taking action to make a positive impact in the world. You can start by reading books and articles about global issues, engaging in discussions with people from different backgrounds, and taking action on issues that you care about. 5. What are some examples of global citizens in action? There are many examples of global citizens in action, from individuals who work to promote human rights and social justice, to organizations that work to address global issues such as climate change and poverty. Examples of global citizens in action include Malala Yousafzai, who advocates for girls' education, and Greta Thunberg, who has led global protests against climate change. By following in their footsteps, you too can become a global citizen and make a positive impact in the world.
The Little Prince - How Did I Miss Out On This Famous Book? It's what the world needs now It's all Bob Fosse's fault. A few years back I tore through Fosse, the giant tome-of-a-biography about the prolific dancer and choreographer. Within its pages I learned he'd appeared in a film I'd never heard of, 1974's The Little Prince. The author went on to explain Fosse had a featured role as The Snake, getting to showcase his signature moves himself. I searched the streaming services. Nothing. I combed my local libraries. No DVDs available. So in time, I gave up. Until last night, when 'lo and behold, Netflix actually — actually! — had a non-Netflix-produced piece of content on there, and I had to gasp. The Little Prince? Wait, that's that movie with Fosse that I've been trying to see for years. (I've since also found the number on YouTube). He didn't disappoint, and I was in musical-theater-nerd heaven, watching the master displaying his moves the way he wanted them performed, on the perfection of his own body. Bliss! Deciding to watch the whole piece for context, I found myself mystified, mesmerized and enchanted. The 50-year-old special effects somehow don't make one cringe but are instead super creative and still effective. But how had I never heard of it? And not even the book? I was in a crib when the 1974 version first arrived on the scene, and since it hadn't been a smash and was deeply poetic, I'd never been introduced. But hold on now! A quick look at Wikipedia and I'm gasping. My eyes scan the facts — "… one of the best-selling books in history, translated into over 505 different languages and dialects worldwide, being the second most-translated work ever published, trailing only the Bible." "… has been adapted to numerous art forms and media, including audio recordings, radio plays, live stage, film, television, ballet and opera." I'm a major reader — how had I missed out on this? I recently read Flowers For Algernon for the very first time last month, but at least I was aware of that one (and the film adaptations) — I just hadn't taken the time to read it. But there's no denying The Little Prince is deep. Written by French former military pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery, it presents the age-old conundrum — adults who just accept "the world is as it is," then being confronted with children asking too many questions and wanting answers about the foibles of humanity. - Who writes our history? - Why do we have borders between countries? - Why is money important? - Why are grown-ups so busy all the time? Why are they so unimaginative? - Why are there wars? The movie doesn't include every character visited by the Prince in the book, but each interaction is comical, where the viewer is simultaneously forced to ask oneself again and again - Hmm, that's right, why are we adults this way? Why, despite once being children ourselves, are we so hardened, so self-deceptive, so aggrandizing and out for our own gain? I'm going to have to sit down and read this famous book for the first time. Like The Giving Tree, Charlotte's Web and many others, these packaged-as-children's-book titles are often chock full of lessons that can only fully be appreciated and reflected upon when the readers are adults with a bit of history — to ponder those melancholic paradoxes of life, and why, no matter how many times we tell these stories, we just can't get it right in real life. Rather than becoming devastatingly depressed though, somehow I found comfort in Wikipedia facts on the many adaptations. There was a 1966 Soviet-Lithuanian film production of The Little Prince. Richard Burton had read it aloud for a popular 1954 record, which then was reproduced on cassette, then CD. A Japanese anime version was created in 1978. A Turkish version was produced for direct-to-video in 1987. There have been multiple illustrated versions. The themes — the inherent messages within the book — are resonating no matter what the culture, no matter what the country. Hence, the second-most-published book after the Bible. On bad days I can be up to my neck, drowning in thoughts of how terrible the world is, how the entire planet seems to have lost its mind. The media certainly wants us to believe it's so — there's more money in that. But the fact that these multiple iterations of The Little Prince exist? That reaches into my soul and reminds me, reassures me, there are people like me, just as concerned about the world, just as thoughtful and creative and empathic — my tribe — to be found in Lithuania, in Pakistan, in Wales and in the little villages in Mongolia, in Norway, Iran and Venezuela. The book's popularity, and its staying power, proves it. I love that. That gives me hope. And yet... Yet simultaneously, the next day, I'm mystified that a generation brought up devouring Harry Potter books — introduced to the evil ways of Lord Voldemort's minions and the sneaky, underhanded, censorial ways of Dolores Umbridge — are now adults tricked into voting for real-life people taking the same rights-extracting and racist actions against fellow countrywomen and men. Did we learn nothing from the Mudblood entanglements? I'm the first to complain when Hollywood and publishers only give us rehashes and remakes again and again. Are there no original ideas out there?, I lament. Some say there are only seven basic plots, seven basic stories. Why do we have to hear it all again? Why does a property like The Little Prince resonate and need to be retold and reintroduced again and again? Because it's what the world needs now. Because apparently, nobody was paying attention the first time. Thanks for reading words written by a human for humans. This piece was originally published on Medium.com. About the Creator Joe Guay - Dispatches From the Guay Life!! Joe Guay is a recovering people-pleaser who writes on Travel, Showbiz, LGBTQ life, humor and the general inanities of life. He aims to be "the poor man's" David Sedaris. You're welcome! - Andrea Corwin 2 months ago Unfortunately, no one ever pays attention. Aren't lessons to learn? Why do they keep repeating then? I tell my kids the universe is sending you the same lesson over and over until you learn it and move on. So as long as ONE of us hasn't learned, it will repeat, ugh, sad. What true serendipity that you looked for the video and it appeared, fancy that! P.S. I will always love Charlotte's Web and A Wrinkle in Time.
IBS SIBO and Its Connection to Hypothyroidism IBS, SIBO, or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, is a digestive disorder characterized by an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. This condition is often IBS, SIBO, or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, is a digestive disorder characterized by an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. This condition is often Supporting the Brain-Gut axis is one of the most important ways to improve any kind of digestive problem. What If I told you that there Probiotics for Diarrhea: How Can They Help? Millions of friendly bacteria live in your intestines, and they're important for various aspect of gut health including Looking to Supercharge Your Gut Health? You may want to learn more about lactoferrin. This multifunctional protein commonly found in mammalian milk and various bodily If you are like many people struggling with SIBO, you probably started taking some probiotics in the hopes of improving your bloating, gas or constipation. Fat Malabsorption refers to decreased intestinal absorption of fat from the diet. If you are struggling with Symptoms such as feeling bloated all the time, Studies show that nearly 42 percent of women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) also have a case of IBS, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Only Q: Is the Pill wrecking Your Gut and Causing IBS, SIBO, Crohn's, Leaky Gut and Gut dysbiosis? Last week I did a video on Birth Hey everybody Dr Hagmeyer here and last week I got off the phone with a lady who lives down in Mississippi and the reason she The entire contents of this website are based upon the opinions of Dr. Richard Hagmeyer unless otherwise noted. Individual articles are based upon the opinions of the respective author, who retains copyright as marked. The information on this website is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. It is intended as a sharing of knowledge and information from the research and experience of Dr. Hagmeyer and his community. Dr. Hagmeyer encourages you to make your own health care decisions based upon your research and in partnership with a qualified healthcare professional. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Hagmeyer products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition, consult your physician before using any products. Copyright © 2022 Dr. Hagmeyer · All Rights Reserved · Powered by drhagmeyer.com
Key takeaway: - Affirmations are powerful tools in manifestation: Affirmations are positive statements that help reprogram your subconscious mind and align your thoughts and beliefs with your desires, making them essential in the manifestation process. - Affirmations influence thoughts and beliefs: By consistently repeating affirmations, you can replace negative thoughts and limiting beliefs with positive and empowering ones, creating a mindset conducive to manifesting your goals. - Techniques for effective affirmation practice: Choosing specific affirmations for your goals, practicing them with intention and emotion, and incorporating them into a daily routine can enhance the power of affirmations and accelerate manifestation. Affirmations hold immense power in the process of manifestation. In this section, we will explore the definition and explanation of affirmations, along with understanding their significance in the process of manifestation. By examining the role of affirmations and their impact on shaping our thoughts and actions, we unlock the potential to attract our desires and create positive change in our lives. Definition and Explanation of Affirmations Affirmations are positive statements you repeat or write with the aim of making your desired outcomes come true. The law of attraction states that what's similar attracts each other, and affirmations use this power to reprogram your subconscious mind and change your beliefs and thoughts to get closer to your goals. By constantly repeating positive affirmations, individuals can reprogram their subconscious and align their energy and concentration with what they want to draw into their lives. When using affirmations for manifestation, it's important to use specific affirmations that go along with your desired goals. Say these affirmations in the present tense, like your desired outcome has already happened. Techniques like visualization, repetition, and emotional involvement can make affirmations work better. If you want to manifest job offers, use affirmations about career success and opportunities. Financial abundance affirmations can help you attract wealth. Those looking for a dream house should use affirmations that show their ideal living situation. Affirmations related to positive relationships can create healthy relationships and strong bonds. You may have doubts or challenges when doing affirmations, so replace any negative self-talk with positive affirmations. Limit beliefs can be overcome by challenging them with evidence of past successes or different views. Success stories can inspire people starting their affirmation journey. Personal experiences teach valuable lessons. These case studies show how individuals successfully manifested desired results through repeating affirmations constantly. Pro Tip: Add daily affirmation rituals to your morning routine to start the day in a positive way. This can include reciting affirmations while appreciating what you have or meditating or visualizing. Keeping a gratitude journal amplifies the power of manifestation and encourages an attitude of appreciation and abundance. Affirmations are like magical spells for bringing your dreams to life! Importance of Affirmations in Manifestation Affirmations are vital for manifestation. By saying positive statements and beliefs, people can get their thoughts and desires in line, eventually attracting what they want into their lives. Affirmations have the power to shape our thoughts and beliefs, which shape our reality. Through regular practice and repetition, affirmations can reprogram the subconscious mind, replacing limiting beliefs with more empowering ones. This shift in mindset is essential for manifesting goals and dreams. To understand the importance of affirmations, it is helpful to know the Law of Attraction. This rule states that similar attracts similar, meaning positive thoughts and emotions will bring positive experiences. Affirmations act as tools to use this energy and send clear messages to the universe about our desires. By constantly affirming what we wish to manifest, we can focus more on our desires and create a magnetic pull. Affirmations work by changing our thoughts and beliefs at a subconscious level. Our subconscious mind plays a role in shaping our reality, as it stores memories, experiences, and belief systems. But these beliefs can be limiting or negative, blocking us from manifesting our goals. By using affirmations often, we can challenge these beliefs and replace them with more positive ones. To maximize the impact of affirmations on manifestation, we must choose specific ones that align with our goals. Each affirmation should be written positively and in present tense to show that we believe our desired outcome is already achievable. Visualization techniques while reciting the affirmations can further improve their effects by creating clear mental images of the desired outcome. When facing doubts and challenges during the manifestation process, it is important to address negative self-talk properly. To do this, we can consciously replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations. By redirecting our focus towards more empowering statements, we can shift our perspective and maintain a positive attitude. We also need to identify and overcome any limiting beliefs that might block our desired outcomes. This can be done through self-reflection, therapy, or other personal growth practices. Case studies and personal experiences can inform us of the power of affirmations in manifestation. Success stories provide proof that affirmations work, if we practice them consistently and with conviction. Learning from each other's journeys and perspectives on using affirmations effectively can help us see results. To maximize the use of affirmations for manifestation, incorporate them into your morning routine. Starting the day with positive affirmations sets an intention for the rest of the day, allowing us to manifest our desired outcomes. Keeping a gratitude journal further helps by fostering an attitude of appreciation towards what we already have, while opening us up to receive more abundance. The Power of Affirmations in Manifestation The power of affirmations in manifestation lies in understanding the Law of Attraction and how affirmations can influence our thoughts and beliefs. By aligning our internal dialogue with our desires, we have the potential to attract positive outcomes into our lives. Understanding the Law of Attraction in Manifestation The Law of Attraction is a fundamental principle of manifestation. It suggests that our thoughts and beliefs create our reality. To align yourself with what you desire, direct your thoughts towards positive outcomes and visualize them with intent. Affirmations are critical to understanding and using the Law of Attraction. Craft positive statements that reflect the desired outcomes, replacing any limiting beliefs. Practice repeating these affirmations daily to reprogram your mind. Align affirmations with specific goals to enhance manifestation ability. Whether it's a job, financial abundance, a dream home, or relationships, focus on the intention to make it happen. To make affirmations work for you, visualize your desired outcome as already achieved. Repeat affirmations with conviction and emotion. Incorporate them into a daily routine or ritual. Combine them with gratitude practices, like a gratitude journal. Challenge negative self-talk and limiting beliefs to maximize the potential of affirmations. Reframe doubts or insecurities into supportive beliefs through affirmations. Case studies and personal experiences demonstrate the effectiveness of affirmations. Success stories show how people have achieved their goals. Personal experiences provide insights into using affirmations wisely. To amplify your manifestation results, create a morning routine centered around affirmations. Keep a gratitude journal to cultivate gratitude and attract abundance. FAQs about affirmations and manifestation help to understand aspects like time to yield results and manifesting money. This helps to use affirmations effectively. Affirmations: A sneaky way to train your mind to think positively and make it believe all good stuff is possible. How Affirmations Influence Thoughts and Beliefs Affirmations have an immense impact on our ideas and convictions. They form our attitude and, ultimately, affect the process of manifestation. By picking encouraging statements purposely and rehearsing them continually, we can reprogram our subliminal mind and change entrenched examples of reasoning. This is on the grounds that affirmations work by supplanting negative or restricting convictions with positive and empowering ones, driving our contemplations towards what we need to show in our lives. When we practice affirmations reliably, they sink into our subliminal and start to shape our essential convictions. Our musings are influenced by these newly embraced convictions, prompting an adjustment in point of view and discernment of the world around us. Subsequently, we become increasingly ready to acknowledge openings that adjust to our wants and are bound to take action in accomplishing them. Besides, affirmations help to counter negative self-talk and self-questioning. They make a feeling of self-empowerment and trust, fortifying the conviction that we are equipped for showing what we need. With proceeded with practice, affirmations reinforce the neural pathways related to positive reasoning, making it simpler for us to keep up an idealistic attitude regardless of testing circumstances. To put it plainly, when utilized viably, affirmations have the intensity to profoundly affect our considerations and convictions. By purposely picking empowering statements and reliably rehearsing them, we can reprogram our minds for success and upgrade the manifestation process. How to Use Affirmations for Manifestation Discover the transformative potential of affirmations for manifestation as we delve into how to effectively use them to manifest your desires. From choosing affirmations aligned with specific goals to mastering powerful techniques, this section provides valuable insights into the art of affirmation practice. Unlock the power within and learn how to harness the incredible force of affirmations to manifest your dreams into reality. Choosing Affirmations for Specific Goals Affirmations are a potent way of bringing desired objectives to life. We can choose affirmations that match our dreams. It's important to be clear and exact when deciding what we want to accomplish. We should make our affirmations personal. Instead of "I am successful," say "I am successful in my work as a [specific profession]." It's essential to use affirmations that feel real and make us feel strong. Present tense words should be used. "I have a loving and supportive partner" not "I will find a loving and supportive partner". Adding visualisation to our affirmations can help them to be more powerful. Imagine ourselves already having what we desire while repeating the affirmations. To summarise, when using affirmations for goals, we need clarity, personalisation, authenticity, present tense language and visualisation techniques. By using these elements, we can use affirmations to make our dreams come true. For example, one person wanted to get a job offer. They repeated "I am attracting lucrative job opportunities that align with my passion and skills" daily, picturing themselves getting offers from desirable companies. After a few weeks of this affirmation practice, they got offers from well-known organisations in their field. This is proof of the power of using affirmations that are precise, encouraging and fit with our goals. With a focused and optimistic attitude, we can achieve amazing results. Techniques for Effective Affirmation Practice Affirmations are powerful tools that can help manifest desired outcomes. By using affirmations effectively, individuals can use their thoughts and beliefs to create positive changes. Techniques for effective affirmation practice can enhance the manifestation process and bring results faster. Here is a 6-step guide: - Choose the right affirmations: Select affirmations aligned with your goals and desires. For example, if you aim to attract job offers, choose affirmations related to career success and opportunities. - Repeat affirmations regularly: Consistency is key. Repeat daily, multiple times a day. This helps reinforce positive thoughts and beliefs. - Use present tense and positive language: Phrase affirmations as if the desired outcome has been achieved. This sends a strong signal to your subconscious mind. - Visualize while reciting affirmations: Imagine yourself having achieved your goal. Engage all your senses and imagine how it feels, looks, sounds, and even smells. - Feel the emotions associated with manifestation: Emotion adds power to affirmations. Allow yourself to feel joy, excitement, gratitude, or any other positive emotions. - Practice gratitude alongside affirmations: Expressing gratitude creates an abundance mindset that enhances manifestation. Acknowledge and appreciate the blessings in your life. Consistency is key. Make it a daily habit and stay committed, even when facing challenges or doubts. With practice and persistence, affirmations can be a powerful tool for manifestation. Pro Tip: Keep a journal to track progress and reflect on changes in your life from practicing affirmations regularly. This will motivate you and serve as a reminder of the power of affirmations in manifestation. Affirmations for Different Areas of Manifestation Unlock the potential of manifestation with powerful affirmations tailored to different areas of your life. Discover affirmations for attracting job offers, achieving financial abundance, manifesting your dream house, and cultivating positive relationships. Harness the transformative power of affirmation in each domain and witness the profound impact it can have on your manifestation journey. Affirmations for Attracting Job Offers Affirmations for attracting job offers involve utilising positive statements and beliefs to manifest desired employment opportunities. These affirmations aid individuals in focussing on their goals, visualizing success and drawing the correct job opportunities to them. Examples of affirmations are: - I am qualified and deserve my dream job. - Fulfilling and rewarding work come easily to me. - I attract job offers that match my skills and passions. - Each interview I attend is a step towards my ideal job. - I radiate confidence and positivity, making me appealing to potential employers. - My perfect job offer is coming, and I excitedly await it. Repeating these affirmations can reprogram one's subconscious to align with their career goals. This influences their thoughts, actions and decisions in a way that draws job opportunities and allows them to realise their desired employment. Employing these affirmations with visualization techniques can enhance the manifestation process. By picturing oneself already succeeding in a dream job, individuals can increase the effectiveness of their affirmations and reinforce their faith in achieving this outcome. It is significant to remember that consistent practice is essential when using affirmations for attracting job offers. Daily repetition reinforces positive beliefs and assists in overcoming any doubts or negative self-talk that may arise. It is also beneficial to create a morning routine which includes reciting affirmations prior to beginning the day. In conclusion, by capitalising on the power of affirmations and maintaining a positive attitude, individuals can draw abundant job opportunities that match their ambitions and guide them towards professional fulfilment. Affirmations for Financial Abundance Affirmations for financial abundance are effective statements that can help bring wealth and success into one's life. By speaking positive affirmations about wealth and abundance regularly, people can alter their thoughts and beliefs to align with the manifestation of wealth. These statements work by affecting thoughts and beliefs, and as a result, activate the Law of Attraction in the realm of finances. Here are some specific affirmations for financial abundance: - "I am deserving of financial abundance and have a right to live a life of prosperity." - "Money effortlessly and generously flows into my life from various sources." - "I am open to receiving wealth and chances that match my highest good." - "I feel financially safe, knowing that all my needs are always taken care of." - "Every day, I attract new ways of gaining wealth and achieving financial success." - "My actions are driven by an attitude of abundance, enabling me to make wise financial decisions." To make these affirmations a part of daily life, recite them out loud or write them down frequently. It is vital to pick affirmations that appeal to personal financial goals and desires. With consistent affirmation practice, people can overcome problems such as negative self-talk and beliefs around money. Creating financial abundance through affirmations requires understanding of specific money goals. By concentrating on desired results instead of restrictions, individuals can adopt a mindset of abundance and raise their chances of manifesting real financial prosperity. Affirmations for Manifesting a Dream House Affirmations are powerful for manifesting a dream house. With positive statements, we can reprogram our subconscious to align with our goal and attract the resources we need. Here are 5 affirmations for manifesting a dream house: - I am worthy of owning my dream house. - Abundance and prosperity guide me to my dream house. - My dream house is coming to me. - I am thankful for my dream house. - I take inspired actions to own my dream house. Repeating these affirmations can help us stay focused, overcome doubts, and create a positive mindset. We should also visualize ourselves in our dream house to strengthen our belief in its manifestation. Here's an example: one person used affirmations and received unexpected financial help to manifest their dream home. By using affirmations and being consistent, we can tap into our manifestation ability and make our dream house a reality. We need to align our thoughts, beliefs, and actions with our goal to create an energetic magnetism that attracts what we need to manifest our ideal living space. Also, we can use affirmations to manifest amazing relationships! Who needs a soulmate when you can manifest a whole soul tribe? Affirmations for Positive Relationships "I am surrounded by love and support." This affirmation helps to manifest a mindset of abundance and openness. This allows individuals to draw in people who are loving and supportive. "I am worthy of healthy, fulfilling relationships." This helps people recognize their worth and let go of any negative beliefs that might be blocking positive connections. "I attract people who align with my highest good." Repeating this can create intention to draw in people who are in line with one's values, objectives, and overall well-being. For more effectiveness, visualization techniques should be used alongside affirmations. Visualizing oneself in positive and harmonious relationships can help solidify the belief in the potential for such connections. Affirmations should not be viewed as a quick fix or a guarantee. Building strong connections needs effort, communication, and mutual respect from all involved parties. Sarah, an individual, used affirmations to attract better romantic relationships. She constantly repeated affirmations like "I am deserving of love" and "I am open to receiving love from a partner who cherishes me." After some time, Sarah noticed she attracted partners who were more emotionally available and more dedicated to the relationship. By adding affirmations to her practice of manifestation, Sarah was able to transform her attitude and eventually better the quality of her romantic partnerships. Overcoming Challenges and Doubts Overcoming challenges and doubts in manifestation is key to harnessing the power of affirmations. In this section, we will address two important aspects: dealing with negative self-talk and overcoming limiting beliefs. By understanding how to navigate these obstacles, we can empower ourselves in our journey towards manifestation success. Dealing with Negative Self-Talk Negative self-talk is the harmful and critical thoughts we have about ourselves. It's a constant stream of negative beliefs, doubts, and self-criticisms that impede growth and success. To combat negative self-talk, one must understand its source and challenge the truthfulness of these thoughts. Awareness of our negative self-talk patterns helps us to replace them with positive affirmations. Affirmations are strong statements that reprogram our subconscious mind and substitute negative beliefs for encouraging ones. Self-awareness and mindfulness are essential for overcoming negative self-talk. This means observing our thoughts without judgment and consciously selecting to focus on the positive aspects of ourselves. Reframing negative thoughts into positive affirmations helps to gradually modify our viewpoint and form a more optimistic mindset. Having a supportive circle of people who lift and motivate us also helps reduce negative self-talk. Developing a strong support system provides validation, challenges limiting beliefs, and gives new perspectives. Practicing positive affirmations and calling out negative self-talk will transform our inner dialogue and establish an empowering mindset. This will improve our overall wellbeing, confidence, and ability to manifest success in different areas of life. Individuals have shared their personal experiences of dealing with negative self-talk through affirmations. They emphasize the transformative power of consistent practice. By regularly repeating positive affirmations related to their challenges or insecurities, they were able to reprogram their subconscious and alter their view of themselves. Eliminate doubts and watch your dreams come true by demolishing those limiting beliefs. Overcoming Limiting Beliefs Limiting beliefs can block our progress and keep us from fulfilling our true potential. These beliefs are rooted in our subconscious and are often from past experiences or social conditioning. But, it is possible to overcome these beliefs and create a mindset that gives us the power to make our dreams come true. To beat limiting beliefs: - Recognize and challenge them: To beat limiting beliefs, become aware of them. Take time to think about your thoughts and pinpoint any negative or self-limiting beliefs that can get in the way. Once you see them, dispute their validity and look for evidence that goes against them. - Modify negative self-talk: Negative self-talk is usually due to underlying limiting beliefs. To fight this, be conscious of yourself and replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations. Use the power of affirmations to change your mindset and back up new empowering beliefs. - Look for help and guidance: Overcoming limiting beliefs can be hard on your own. Get support from a mentor, coach, or therapist who can give you advice and help you manage any emotional blocks that come up. Surround yourself with positive people who trust in your capability. By purposefully recognizing and questioning limiting beliefs, adjusting negative self-talk, and looking for help and guidance when needed, you can slowly beat these obstacles and shape your mindset to fulfill your manifestation goals. Pro Tip: Being consistent is key to beating limiting beliefs. Do daily affirmations, hang around positivity, and remain dedicated to your personal growth journey. From getting dream homes to getting job offers, these case studies and personal stories will leave you feeling motivated and ready to try affirmations yourself. Case Studies and Personal Experiences Delve into real-life examples and personal narratives showcasing the power of affirmations in manifestation. Discover success stories of individuals who have harnessed affirmations to bring their desires to life and gain insights from the firsthand experiences and lessons learned along the way. These stories and personal accounts serve as powerful evidence of how affirmations can transform our lives and shape our reality. Success Stories of Manifestation with Affirmations Success stories of manifestation with affirmations display the potency and usefulness of utilizing affirmations to manifest wishes. These tales serve as proof that affirmations can bring about positive change and help individuals reach their objectives. Through routinely practicing affirmations, individuals have encountered noteworthy transformations in different areas of their lives. For example: - A woman employed affirmations to attract job offers. By constantly using affirmations, she established a solid conviction in her capabilities, which ultimately resulted in multiple job openings appearing. - An individual used affirmations for financial abundance and observed remarkable outcomes. Through repeating affirmations focused on wealth and success, they were able to attract unexpected financial profits and enhance their overall financial condition. - Someone's dream house materialized through the consistent use of affirmations. By picturing their ideal home and repeating affirmations related to living in their dream house, they were able to draw the perfect property that coincided with their desires. - Favorable relationships have also been effectively manifested through affirmations. People who practiced affirmations centered around love, connection, and healthy partnerships discovered themselves attracting fulfilling relationships into their lives. These success stories indicate that by aligning thoughts and beliefs with wanted outcomes through the practice of affirmations, individuals can manifest their dreams into reality. The power of affirmations lies in their capability to reprogram the subconscious mind, permitting individuals to conquer challenges, doubts, negative self-talk, and limiting beliefs that may impede manifestation efforts. Through consistent affirmation practice and unwavering faith in the process, these success stories stand as motivation for anyone seeking to manifest their desires. Applying affirmations goes beyond mere positive thinking; it is an intentional practice that molds one's mindset and vibration towards achieving particular aims. The testimonies mentioned above serve as testimony to people who have experienced considerable transformation by utilizing the force of words through affirmative statements. Recalling these success stories can provide encouragement and enthusiasm during times of doubt or when tackling obstacles on the manifestation journey. By incorporating affirmations into a regular routine, individuals can tap into the boundless potential of their subconscious mind and manifest their deepest desires. Personal Experiences and Lessons Learned My personal experiences have shown me the power of positive thinking and beliefs in attaining desired outcomes. I've used affirmations to harness the Law of Attraction and align my thoughts and emotions. This has led to job offers, financial abundance, my dream house, and positive relationships. Along the way, I've had to overcome negative self-talk and limiting beliefs that could have hindered my manifestation. These experiences have highlighted the effectiveness of affirmations for achieving goals. I now realize that part of the manifestation process is overcoming doubts and challenges. To do this, I consciously reframe my thoughts and use positive affirmations instead. I also identify and challenge limiting beliefs. Replacing them with empowering affirmations creates a more supportive environment. For successful manifestation, combine affirmations with other techniques like creating a morning routine. This sets a positive tone for the day, allowing me to maintain a high vibrational frequency. I also keep a gratitude journal, expressing gratitude for what I have and attracting more things to be grateful for. In summary, affirmations are key to manifesting desires. Through positive thinking and beliefs, I've attracted my goals and conquered challenges. Aligning thoughts and emotions, and replacing limiting beliefs, creates a supportive environment. By using a morning routine and gratitude journal, I've amplified my manifestation efforts and experienced a cycle of abundance and success. Tips for Amplifying Manifestation with Affirmations Amplify your manifestation journey with powerful tips! Discover the magic of creating a morning routine infused with affirmations, setting the tone for an abundant day ahead. Additionally, explore the transformative effects of keeping a gratitude journal, a manifestation tool that cultivates a positive mindset. Embrace these practices and watch as the power of affirmations unlocks your true potential. Creating a Morning Routine with Affirmations Creating a morning routine with affirmations is a powerful way to start your day. Positive statements and beliefs can set the tone for success and fulfillment. The Law of Attraction says like attracts like. Repeating positive statements can create a mindset that attracts the desired outcomes. When making a morning routine, it's important to choose affirmations that align with the goals. If the goal is job offers, financial abundance, a dream house, or positive relationships, pick affirmations tailored to these. There are techniques that can enhance the effectiveness of the practice. Visualize yourself already having achieved the manifestations while repeating affirmations. Write affirmations in a journal, record reciting them, and create vision boards. Other supportive habits alongside affirmations can further enhance manifestation. Gratitude journaling is one such habit. Write down things you're grateful for each morning to shift focus to abundance and appreciation. Incorporate these techniques and habits into your morning routine with affirmations. Begin the day with positive statements and watch your dreams come true. Keeping a Gratitude Journal for Manifestation Gratefully journaling is a mighty practice for making dreams come true! Writing down what you're grateful for on a regular basis can help you bring positive experiences into your life. - At the end of the day, jot down three things you are thankful for. - Be detailed, noting the emotions that come with these blessings. - Appreciate the big and small, to foster a feeling of abundance. - Review past entries to remind yourself of the good in your life. - Use the journal to make a shift in mindset to gratitude and attract what you want. Keeping a gratitude journal assists in making manifesting real. It serves as a reminder that, even in tough times, there's something to be thankful for. It helps you focus on abundance rather than lack, creating a positive and magnetic energy that's great for manifestation. Writing in this journal helps you understand what matters to you. As you contemplate what you're grateful for, you become more aware of what you want to manifest. This helps you see the areas of life where positive change can be made. To really get into the routine, set aside time every day or evening to write in your gratitude journal. Make it a habit and be involved in the process. After a while, the consistent practice will increase manifestation in your life. Don't miss the incredible benefits of a gratitude journal for manifestation. Start today by finding a notebook or digital document for it. Embrace the practice and watch how it brings greater joy, abundance, and fulfillment into your life. Unleash the power of your mind with affirmations and see your dreams become reality! Frequently Asked Questions about Affirmations and Manifestation Have you ever wondered how long it takes for affirmations to work or if they can help manifest money? In this section, we'll answer these frequently asked questions about affirmations and manifestation. Backed by reliable sources, we'll provide insights and discuss the effectiveness of affirmations, shedding light on the timeline for results and the potential impact on attracting wealth. Get ready to unravel the mysteries and harness the power of affirmations in your manifestation journey. How Long Does it Take for Affirmations to Work? Affirmations – modern-day alchemy! How long do they take to work? It varies from person to person. Result times depend on factors such as belief levels, consistency, and emotional intensity. Choose affirmations that are tailored for specific goals and desires. Morning routines and gratitude journals are powerful techniques to boost effects. Start experiencing positive results sooner with these practices! Can Affirmations Help Manifest Money? Affirmations are powerful tools that can manifest money. Positive affirmations around financial abundance can shift thoughts and beliefs, creating a mindset that attracts wealth. The Law of Attraction plays a role in manifesting money; affirmations influence the subconscious which affects thoughts and behaviors towards money. Repeating affirmations for financial success can reprogram the mindset to be open to wealth opportunities. When using affirmations for manifesting money, choose specific ones that align with goals. Personalize them and use techniques such as visualization and repetition to enhance effectiveness. In addition to job offers and money, affirmations can be used for other things like dream houses and positive relationships. Focus on the outcome and create affirmations that reflect those goals. Overcoming challenges and doubts is key. Deal with negative self-talk and limiting beliefs to achieve financial success. Recognize and reframe negative thoughts to create an empowering mental environment. Success stories from those who achieved financial abundance with affirmations provide inspiration. Personal experiences give valuable insights into the journey of manifestation. To amplify manifestation, create a morning routine dedicated to practicing affirmations. Keep a gratitude journal to cultivate an attitude of appreciation and attract more abundance. Affirmations can be a powerful tool in the manifestation process. When used right, they help individuals bring their desires into reality. Studies show that affirmations rewire the subconscious mind and create a positive mindset. Through repeating positive statements, individuals can alter their thought patterns and beliefs, ultimately leading to a shift in their actions and attracting their desires. Positive affirmations are most useful when they're specific, present tense, and emotionally charged. By saying affirmations in the present tense, individuals signal to their subconscious mind that their desires are already real. Including emotionally charged words or phrases to affirmations boosts the feelings connected with the desired outcome. This emotional link strengthens the manifestation process and increases the chance of success. Including affirmations into a daily routine is key for maximum effectiveness. Repeating affirmations regularly helps to reinforce the desired beliefs and override any negative thought patterns that may exist. Through meditation, journaling, or simply using flashcards with affirmations, finding a method that works for individuals and incorporating it into their daily lives will give great manifestation results. Remember that alone, affirmations aren't a magic solution. They are a tool to support the manifestation process, but action is still essential. Taking inspired action aligns individuals with their desires and lets them actively participate in the manifestation process. This combination of affirmations and action creates a powerful synergy that speeds up the manifestation of desired outcomes. To sum up, affirmations hold great power in the manifestation process. When used correctly and consistently, they can reprogram the subconscious mind, generate positive beliefs, and attract desired outcomes. By incorporating affirmations into daily routines and taking inspired action, individuals can tap into the true potential of affirmations in their manifestation journey. Some Facts About The Power of Affirmations in Manifestation: - ✅ Affirmations are positive statements that can change mindset, attitude, and attract opportunities. (Source: Team Research) - ✅ Manifestation affirmations can help manifest money, a job, and love by triggering the law of attraction. (Source: Team Research) - ✅ Using manifestation affirmations with intention, belief, and certainty can increase their effectiveness. (Source: Team Research) - ✅ Affirmations can be used to manifest money, a dream job, and love. (Source: Team Research) - ✅ Manifestation affirmations require avoiding doubts, limiting beliefs, and negative thoughts. (Source: Team Research) FAQs about The Power Of Affirmations In Manifestation What is the power of affirmations in manifestation? The power of affirmations in manifestation lies in their ability to shift your mindset, attitude, and internal state. By repeating positive statements, you can align your thoughts and beliefs with what you want to manifest in your life. How long does it take for affirmations to start manifesting? It usually takes a few weeks of consistent practice to start manifesting using affirmations. The key is to stay in alignment with the belief that you are the creator of your own reality and to repeat the affirmations regularly. How can affirmations help in manifesting a dream life? Affirmations can help manifest a dream life by aligning your thoughts and actions with your desires. By focusing on positive and clear thoughts, affirmations can guide you towards creating the life you want and attracting opportunities that align with your goals. What can I do to overcome negative self-talk and align with wealth? To overcome negative self-talk and align with wealth, you can use manifestation affirmations that focus on abundance, money, and financial success. By replacing negative thoughts with positive affirmations related to money and wealth, you can shift your mindset and attract financial abundance into your life. How can affirmations help in manifesting a satisfying job or higher paying job? Affirmations can help manifest a satisfying or higher paying job by directing your focus towards attracting job opportunities that align with your goals and desires. By repeating affirmations related to your dream job or financial success, you can create a positive mindset and take actions that move you towards those career goals. Can affirmations change your external reality? Affirmations have the power to influence your thoughts and actions, which can ultimately shape your external reality. By consistently practicing affirmations and aligning your actions with your desires, you can create positive changes in various areas of your life, including relationships, finances, and career.
2020 Soybean Gall Midge Alert Network In 2018, soybean gall midge (Figure 1ab) emerged as a new species causing significant injury (Figure 1c) and yield loss to soybean in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota and Minnesota. The rapid widespread emergence of this new pest has left growers, consultants and researchers with significant gaps in critical information that is necessary to mitigate and manage this new threat. In 2019, an alert network was established with funding from the North Central Soybean Research Program (NCSRP), Nebraska Soybean Board (NSB) and North Central IPM Center to monitor soybean gall midge adult (Figure 2) emergence using cages (Figure 3) across 27 sites in four states providing growers and consultants with information to aid in the timing of insecticide applications. Continued support from the NCSRP and NSB has allowed for the establishment of 18 sites in Nebraska (Figure 4). Sites for tracking adult emergence are also set up in Iowa and Minnesota. Covid-19 restrictions have limited South Dakota's participation in the project. To sign up to receive alerts regarding adult emergence, send an email with your name, phone number and email address to email@example.com with the subject line "SGM Alert Network". Those that signed up in 2018/19 do not need to sign up again. Soybean Gall Midge Mangement Strategies As a grower or consultant, many of you may be wondering what the best strategies are for managing soybean gall midge in 2020. Our 2019 data suggests that we had no single management strategy that could eliminate soybean gall midge injury. Here are some potential considerations for high risk fields during 2020 season. - Plant your high-risk fields last (many of you have likely already planted soybean) - Mowing grassy borders around infested fields prior to emergence showed a potential for reduced infestation in 2019 (this was one field and more research is needed) - Seed treatments may reduce infestation, but more data is needed - Foliar insecticides (pyrethroids) applied at 2 days prior to adult emergence and up to 10 days after first emergence showed a yield response. Caution should be taken as this study was conduct on a field with soybean the previous year. - Soybean gall midge egg laying appears to be limited to plants that are at about the V3 stage and later, as they may need natural fissures (cracks) that form at the base of the stem. Insecticide applications should be delayed until plants are susceptible to gall midge. As growers consider these management practices, one primary consideration should be the duration of soybean gall midge adult emergence. Data from 2019 indicated an average of 16 days of adult emergence from a given site. This means that foliar insecticide application is unlikely to provide protection for the entire duration of adult emergence. Although there is no specific indication of when soybean gall midge adults will emerge, we anticipate emergence will occur sometime in early to mid-June. Online Master of Science in Agronomy With a focus on industry applications and research, the online program is designed with maximum flexibility for today's working professionals.
Effects Of Etching Process (Few Terminology and Effect in the Thickness variation) Chapter 3: Manufacturing Effects and Their Modeling \| \|\|\|\|\|\| 3.1 \| 3.2a \| 3.2b \| 3.3a \| 3.3b \| 3.3c \| 3.4 \| Introduction \| Effect Of Etching Process \| Effect Of Etching Process \| Chemical Mechanical Planarization \| Importance Of CMP process \| Dishing & Erosion (CMP effects) \| Lithography \| 3.5a \| 3.5b \| 3.5c \| 3.5d \| 3.5e \| 3.5f \| 3.5g \| Metal Width Variation (Type:1-2) \| Metal Width Variation (Type3) \| Metal Width Variation (Type:4-5) \| Metal Width Variation (Type6) \| Metal Width Variation (Type7) \| Metal Width Variation (Type8) \| Metal Width Variation (Summary) \| In the previous post we have discussed the etching process and its main effect. If you remember then you can yourself figure out that those effects contribute in the width variation. Similarly there is another effect of Etching which contribute in the thickness of the layer. In this post I will discuss about that. To understand this I will discuss few of the terminology related to etching. Few are going to help me in my story building (Means while I will explain the concept – how etching effects thickness), while few are for you info. Terminology used in Etching Process: - Etch Rate - Selectivity - Anisotropy - Uniformity - Etch Profile - Loading effect - Over etch - Residue Let me try to provide one line definition… Etch rate is a measure of how fast material is removed in the etch process. Etch rate = (Thickness before etch - Thickness after etch)/Etch time Etch rate depends on:- Gas flow / gas composition - Pressure - Source power - Bias voltage - Wafer temperature Selectivity is a ratio of the etch rates between the different materials, especially the material that needs to be etched with respect to the material that we do not want to remove. Where: S->; Infinity if ER1 >> ER2 ER is dielectric Constant. The etching should be uniform within the wafer, from wafer-to wafer, from tool-to-tool. The uniformity is measured with wafer thickness by measuring the thickness at certain points before and after the etch process, and calculating the etch rates at these points. (Max Etch rate – Min Etch rate)/(Max Etch Rate + Min Etch rate) Etch Profile: One of the most important characteristics of etch is the etch profile, which affects the next deposition processes. The profile is grouped into isotropic, anisotropic etch, and in between. Regarding these we have already discussed in the previous post. Loading effect: When the etch rate is dependent upon the amount of etchable surface exposed to the etchant, the phenomenon is called a Loading effect. There are 2 type of loading effects (Note: below figures are copied from the Internet – not original version) - Macro Loading effect - In the Constant supply of Reactants, Etch rate goes down with increase the Surface Area - Micro Loading effect - For contact and via hole etch processes, the smaller hole has a lower etch rate than the larger holes because it is more difficult for the etchants to pass through the smaller hole, and etch by products are harder to diffuse out. Micro loading effect can be decreased by the low pressure process because the mean free path is longer. Note: "Loading Effect" effects the thickness of the layer. Above few figure demonstrate this very well. Over Etch: When we do the etching, sometime (or I should say most of the time) unwanted material etched during the process. Like in the below example, we don't want to etch Substrate but while etching FILM, some part of the substrate also etched. This is known as "Over Etch". (Below Figure is copied from the Internet) Note: "Over Etch" effects the thickness of the layer. Above figure try to show the same. Residue is reverse of the "over etch". It usually happen as the corners. In short we want to remove the Film but because of corners/shapes, etch process don't able to remove the Film completely. (Below Figure is copied from the Internet) When I have discussed a lot about the ETCH, let me give you some introduction of 2 different etching process here also (next article will be more focused on Manufacturing variation). - Positive Resist Etching Process - Positive photoresists develop at the exposed areas, while the unexposed resist remains on the substrate after development. - Negative Resist Etching Process. Note: "Residue" effects the thickness of the layer. Above explanation try to prove this. Last 3 (Loading effect, Residue, Over etch) are root cause of the thickness variation of layers. So before I close the ETCH process, let me summarize the concepts from manufacturing variation point of view. Because of different etch process (which we have discussed in this post and last post), the actual shapes may be any of the above. (Blue is what we need ideally and brown is what we will get actually/practically). If you have gone through above post seriously– you can easily figure out the reason of these (else message me). Let's discuss few other fabrication related concepts in next few articles before we talk about the modeling of different type of variations.
When Mackenzie McNeill went into labour with her first and only child in the winter of 2021, she never imagined the delivery would be so traumatic and frightening. Her daughter Emersyn, known as Emmy, was born at full-term. But the birth McNeill dreamed of quickly turned into her worst nightmare when her baby wasn't breathing and needed 16 minutes of CPR. "You think you will be handed your baby in your arms and that's taken away from you," McNeill said. "Emersyn ended up with a brain injury at birth and it was from a long period of time with needing CPR and struggling to breathe on her own," her father Jared Hardie told Newshub. Her brain damage is known as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Baby Emmy spent a month in hospital in NICU on breathing support. Her family say an MRI scan confirmed her brain was damaged from lack of oxygen in the basal ganglia area. She was then diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Medical professionals told Emmy's family she would likely never walk, talk, eat or even move. "She is a fighter because she's really not supposed to be here. She had such a long period of CPR, but she came back and she's here and she's doing everything that she's not supposed to be able to do," McNeill said. Emmy is now two-and-a-half years old and has made remarkable progress. A recent Instagram video of Emmy standing up by herself for the first time has been viewed more than 12 million times. However, the incredible moment didn't happen by chance. McNeill had been on social media and saw videos of another young child with cerebral palsy who seemed to be meeting milestones. McNeill realised this child was receiving intensive therapy at a centre on the Gold Coast. The therapists there work with children with disabilities for a programme three hours a day for three weeks. "I searched for something like this in New Zealand and there was nothing like it," she told Newshub. McNeill said she wasn't sure how she would fund the programme as it costs approximately $8000 to $10,000 for three hours every day, for three weeks. But family stepped up and were able to help fund Emmy's first visit to the centre, which proved to be a success for the toddler. "The first time she developed control of her head and was more cognitively aware and there was a spark in her. "I got told by a physio in New Zealand that she would never be able to use her hands to play with her dolls. We came home and she was playing with dolls," McNeill said. "The ability to hold up her head really allowed the rest of her body to sort of do what she wanted it to do," Hardie added. Because the change in Emmy was so dramatic, their friends started a Givealittle page to fund another visit. Hardie has also been working 60-hour weeks to help support the six trips they've now taken to the Gold Coast for their daughter's intensive therapy. She then started sitting up independently - now she can almost commando crawl and has also stood up on her own. - To support Emersyn you can donate here Cerebral Palsy Society of New Zealand researcher Amy Hogan said while there are paediatric rehabilitation gyms in New Zealand that are mostly privately operated, there are no special centres dedicated to intensive therapies. "Intensive therapy is still a relatively new initiative in New Zealand. However, there are people offering intensive blocks of physiotherapy and movement-based training, rather than the traditional model of spreading occupational therapy and physiotherapy out over many months," Hogan told Newshub. "There is no dedicated funding for intensive therapy in New Zealand. However, families and individuals with cerebral palsy can apply to use avenues like Individualised Funding to do intensive therapy blocks," she added. Hogan said people should have access to a variety of therapy programmes that could potentially benefit them, using an accessible funding model. "Our concern is that services like intensive therapies are almost entirely privatized and rely on the individuals to find them, advocate for funding and make arrangements," she said. "This puts considerable burdens on caregivers that may be stressed with other responsibilities and limits who can access these programmes. "There should be a home-grown option available to anyone who sees benefit." McNeill and her husband believe there needs to be more funding for Kiwi children with cerebral palsy to receive therapies. The family is currently locked in another battle, challenging a decision by ACC to decline Emmy's treatment injury claim. ACC deputy chief executive of service delivery Amanda Malu told Newshub: "The balance of medical evidence didn't find a link between Emersyn's condition and a failure to provide medical treatment." McNeill believes all children who need intensive therapy should be able to access it. "It breaks my heart. We go to the hospital and New Zealand group therapies and there's other kids like Emersyn who were born at similar times and they haven't had the same opportunities as Emmy. I almost feel guilty," she told Newshub. She recently helped organise for Australian therapists to come to New Zealand. They held a three-week programme in Rotorua for 10 children. "In those three weeks, every child met a milestone," McNeill said. She recalled the moment she saw a boy of about school age sitting up for the first time. She told Newshub there was "not a dry eye" in the room. "It was really good to connect with families in similar situations as they get it. Friends and families may find it hard to relate. But it was nice to meet other families fighting the same battle," Hardie told Newshub. McNeill and Hardie hope that by sharing their daughter Emmy's story, they will help others see the potential in their own children. "You imagine what life is going to be like, and I used to be so upset because I was like 'I'm never going to walk her down the aisle, I'm never going to hear her walk down the hallway'," she said. "I used to cry so much about the unknowns and what I thought her life was going to look like but she's just so happy." Their next goal is to get Emmy walking independently. "A friend of mine is getting married and it would be really cool if she could walk down the aisle as the flower girl. That would be my goal," McNeill smiled. If you have a story to share please contact our journalist at firstname.lastname@example.com
As technology continues to advance, it has become crucial to educate students about digital safety, online privacy, and responsible internet usage. With the increasing prevalence of online platforms and social media, students need to develop the skills to navigate the digital world safely. By teaching digital safety, educators can create a secure online environment and equip students with the necessary knowledge to protect themselves from cyber threats. In this article, we will explore effective strategies for teaching digital safety to students in the United States. Table of Contents - The Importance of Teaching Digital Safety - Creating a Safe Online Environment - Teaching Responsible Internet Usage - Understanding Online Privacy - Addressing Cyberbullying - Ensuring Online Security - FAQs - Conclusion The Importance of Teaching Digital Safety In today's digital age, students are constantly exposed to various online platforms, websites, and social media. While the internet offers countless opportunities for learning and communication, it also presents certain risks. By teaching digital safety, educators can empower students to make informed decisions and protect themselves from potential dangers. Digital safety education helps students develop critical thinking skills and understand the consequences of their online actions. Key Takeaways: - Teaching digital safety is essential to protect students from online risks. - It helps students develop critical thinking skills and understand the consequences of their online actions. - By teaching digital safety, educators can create a culture of responsible internet usage. Creating a Safe Online Environment One of the first steps in teaching digital safety is creating a safe online environment for students. This involves setting clear guidelines and establishing expectations for online behavior. Educators should emphasize the importance of respectful communication, responsible sharing of information, and appropriate use of technology. By fostering a positive online culture, students will feel more comfortable discussing issues related to digital safety and seeking help when needed. Additionally, educators should familiarize themselves with the various online platforms and tools commonly used by students. This allows them to identify potential risks and provide relevant guidance. Regularly monitoring online activities and providing constructive feedback helps students understand the importance of accountability and responsible internet usage. Key Takeaways: - Create a safe online environment by setting clear guidelines for online behavior. - Foster a positive online culture to encourage open discussions about digital safety. - Regularly monitor online activities and provide constructive feedback to students. Teaching Responsible Internet Usage Teaching responsible internet usage is crucial for students to develop healthy online habits. Educators should emphasize the importance of verifying information, identifying reliable sources, and avoiding plagiarism. Encouraging students to critically evaluate online content helps them distinguish between credible and misleading information. Furthermore, educators should educate students about the potential risks associated with sharing personal information online. Students should be taught to protect their privacy by using strong passwords, adjusting privacy settings on social media platforms, and being cautious when interacting with strangers online. Key Takeaways: - Teach students to verify information and identify reliable sources online. - Encourage critical evaluation of online content to distinguish between credible and misleading information. - Educate students about protecting their privacy and using strong passwords. Understanding Online Privacy Understanding online privacy is essential for students to safeguard their personal information and maintain control over their digital footprint. Educators should explain the concept of online privacy, including the potential consequences of sharing sensitive information online. This includes discussing the importance of consent, the risks of oversharing, and the potential long-term impact of online posts. It is also important to teach students about the privacy settings available on various online platforms. Educators should guide students on how to adjust these settings to control who can see their posts and personal information. Key Takeaways: - Explain the concept of online privacy and the consequences of sharing sensitive information. - Teach students how to adjust privacy settings on online platforms. - Discuss the importance of consent and the risks of oversharing online. Addressing Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is a serious issue that can have detrimental effects on students' well-being. Educators should educate students about cyberbullying, including its definition, the different forms it can take, and the impact it can have on individuals. By promoting empathy and teaching students how to respond to cyberbullying, educators can help create a supportive online community. Additionally, educators should establish reporting mechanisms and provide resources for students who experience or witness cyberbullying. By addressing cyberbullying promptly and effectively, educators can ensure a safe and inclusive online environment for all students. Key Takeaways: - Educate students about cyberbullying and its impact on individuals. - Promote empathy and teach students how to respond to cyberbullying. - Establish reporting mechanisms and provide resources for students who experience or witness cyberbullying. Ensuring Online Security Teaching students about online security is crucial to protect them from various cyber threats. Educators should educate students about the importance of using strong, unique passwords and regularly updating them. Additionally, students should be taught about the dangers of clicking on suspicious links or downloading files from untrustworthy sources. Furthermore, educators should emphasize the importance of antivirus software and keeping devices and software up to date. By teaching students about these security measures, educators can empower them to protect themselves from online threats. Key Takeaways: - Teach students the importance of using strong, unique passwords and regularly updating them. - Educate students about the dangers of clicking on suspicious links or downloading files from untrustworthy sources. - Emphasize the importance of antivirus software and keeping devices and software up to date. 1. How can I teach digital safety to students effectively? To teach digital safety effectively, create a safe online environment, educate students about responsible internet usage and online privacy, address cyberbullying, and ensure online security. Use interactive activities, real-life examples, and case studies to engage students in the learning process. 2. What resources are available to teach digital safety? There are numerous resources available to teach digital safety, including online courses, educational websites, and lesson plans. Organizations such as Common Sense Education and the National Cybersecurity Alliance offer free resources specifically designed for educators. 3. How can I involve parents in teaching digital safety? Involving parents in teaching digital safety is crucial for reinforcing the lessons learned in school. Educators can organize parent workshops, share resources and tips for promoting digital safety at home, and encourage open communication between parents and students about online experiences. Teaching digital safety to students is essential in today's digital age. By creating a safe online environment, teaching responsible internet usage, understanding online privacy, addressing cyberbullying, and ensuring online security, educators can equip students with the necessary skills to navigate the digital world responsibly. By instilling the importance of digital safety from an early age, educators can empower students to make informed decisions, protect their privacy, and contribute positively to the online community.
Sustainability is one of the key buzzwords circling agriculture today. Many eyes are thus focused on farming insects as the main sources of protein for animal feed. And even human consumption. Many consumers might find the idea of chewing on a cricket revolting. But there is a growing number accepting insects as cheaper forms of food. The global population today hovers around 8 billion people and is estimated to be 9 billion by 2050. Farmers and governments are under severe pressure to ensure that growth's food security. The main issue farmers face in producing extra food is a lack of land on which to grow food. Climate constraints, use of chemical regulations, and consumer pressure are also a problems. With this in mind, numerous companies producing insects and the equipment to help are evolving and finding lucrative niche markets. Insects Approved For Human Consumption Experts claim that insects represent less than 1% of the carbon footprint of livestock. Edible insects can offer between 35% and 60% of their dry weight as protein. It is more than some plant sources, including soybeans, and more than traditional meat and eggs. Insects are already part of the staple diet of around 2.5 billion people worldwide. But in Europe, it's only been more recently that some insects have been approved to eat. For example, the European Commission has approved more varieties of insect protein for human consumption. These include house crickets and lesser mealworm larvae. The mealworms can be sold in dried, frozen, paste, and powder form. The crickets can only be offered as a partially defatted powder ingredient. For the European Commission: "It is up to consumers to decide whether they want to eat insects or not. The use of insects as an alternate source of protein is not new and insects are regularly eaten in many parts of the world." Feeding Animals With Insects Higher usage of insects will be in the animal feed industry as alternative sources of protein. The levels of this protein from insects can vary between 55% and 75% when used in animal feed. Farmers are under pressure to reduce the emissions of animal feed with protein that has been shipped thousands of miles away. Soybeans from Brazil are an example. However, some hurdles are preventing farmers from using animal feed made with the inclusion of insects such as cost and usage legislation. French-based Ynsect was founded by scientists and environmental activists in 2011. It is on a path to present the benefits of mealworms to the human and animal world. They believe there are huge benefits to using insects in the poultry industry. An efficient use of protein is key for bird growth. Accounting for over 40% of total meat produced globally, 25 billion chickens are produced in the world each year. Nine billion are broilers. Ynsect says using mealworms in the diets of poultry helps improve their food conversion rate. It can offer good bacteria when made into a probiotic and can lead to improved digestibility and breast tissue. According to Alice Pabst, Head of Marketing at Ynsect: "For livestock farming, Ynsect provides solutions to the issues of nutrition, health and well-being, digestion, microbiome, reduction and cessation of medication, environmental impact, decarbonization, and therefore overall performance in growth or reproduction stages." The company cultivates its mealworms in state-of-the-art vertical farms powered by advanced robotics, computer vision, and cutting-edge AI. Insect Farming in Containers Dutch company Amusca, along with Mavitec, has developed the first scalable, mobile Insect Breeding Unit. Insect expert Dr. Ir Walter Jansen of Amusca developed the idea. His mission is to produce living insect larvae from waste organic material. The objective is the production of protein for the poultry and aqua-feed industries. The company says this new unit can unveil the potential for insects in animal feed, human nutrition, and biochemicals. The Insect Breeding Unit can produce up to 5,000 kg of living larvae per day. The flies are kept in two 40 ft containers stacked on top of each other. This is the home where the flies grow from eggs to larvae. In these containers, Amusca and Mavitec manage to control the perfect climate for flies. Smart software and high-tech engineering create ideal living conditions for flies as well as their eggs and larvae. A cloud-based software system monitors the breeding process. It generates information on the performance 24/7. UK company Better Origin is also manufacturing mini insect farms housed in shipping containers. Food waste goes in one end and the larvae come out the other. Filled with AI, the system is completely automatic and uses cameras and algorithms to control the entire process. Better Origin leases the units to farmers on a monthly fee basis and retains all control of the production process. Farmers can access the information via an app. Welsh farmer Osian Williams, owner of Wern Farm, uses insect feed for his poultry layers. According to him, "Avian flu measures increase our concern for the welfare of hens as they can become stressed when forced to remain indoors for long periods of time. However, supplementing their feed with the live larvae not only provided them with better nutrition but also appeared to have welfare benefits. I could see they were less stressed, and their feather coverage looked better than ever."
Subscribe to RSS DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786714 Interfragmentary Compression of Tibial Osteotomies Having been introduced more than 25 years ago by Barclay Slocum, the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure was both revolutionary and controversial, yet it has stood the "test of time" while undergoing numerous modifications. The original Slocum TPLO plate was a cast stainless steel plate that had a triad of "compression" holes in the proximal part of the plate. This plate needed to be bent and twisted intra-operatively to match the contour of the proximal tibial metaphysis, and it was usually applied with cortical screws. However, it became apparent that both the material properties of this plate and its design features could be improved. Introduction of the AO Locking Compression Plate in early 2000 was a critical impetus for the development of a procedure-specific, anatomically precontoured locking compression plate for the TPLO procedure in dogs.[1] Some of the major advantages of the AO TPLO plate were the capacity to maintain alignment of the osteotomy and the tibial plateau position during the insertion of locking screws, abolition of any requirement for intra-operative plate contouring, directed fixed angle locking screws (to avoid articular penetration), and greater construct stability compared with plates fixed with cortical screws. Insertion of a cortical load screw in the Combi hole of this locking plate generated interfragmentary compression across the more distal transverse part of the curvilinear tibial osteotomy. However, this is often accompanied by loss of compression and widening of the curvilinear osteotomy more proximally, just caudal to the tibial tuberosity. An in vitro study published in this issue of the journal aimed to record the pressures generated at the interface of the TPLO using a pressure-sensitive film.[2] The application of point-to-point bone holding forceps across the TPLO in combination with insertion of a load screw distally in the compression hole of the plate provided more even interfragmentary compression within the tibial osteotomy, in comparison to other combinations of techniques.[2] These findings support the use of point-to-point forceps during the application of a TPLO plate with compression. Clinical studies in humans who underwent compression knee arthrodesis found that maintenance of interfragmentary compression at the osteotomy resulted in primary bone healing with woven and trabecular bone within 4 weeks.[3] [4] However, continued interfragmentary stability across a tibial osteotomy and primary bone healing relies on both the on-going maintenance of interfragmentary compression and friction between the cut bone surfaces, for this to occur. Loss of construct stability due to implant loosening, for example, can compromise healing. Readers of this in vitro study[1] should appreciate that the pressures recorded by the pressure-sensitive film are the maximal pressures at a single time point during the "surgical" procedure. We do not know if they are maintained in the postoperative period. Also, it is difficult to determine the magnitude of compression that needs to be generated by load screws or other instruments to produce the pressures within the TPLO, as recorded in this study.[2] These are interesting questions for future studies. Kenneth A. Johnson Editor-in-Chief, Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedic and Traumatology Publication History Article published online: 14 May 2024 © 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany - 1 Kowaleski MP, Boudrieau RJ, Beale BS, Piras A, Hulse D, Johnson KA. Radiographic outcome and complications of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy stabilized with an anatomically contoured locking bone plate. Vet Surg 2013; 42 (07) 847-852 - 2 Alvarez R, Motta C, Miraldo D. In-vitro assessment of compression patterns using different methods to achieve inter-fragmentary compression during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024; 37 (03) 130-137 - 3 Charnley J, Baker SL. Compression arthrodesis of the knee; a clinical and histological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1952; 34-B (02) 187-199 - 4 Sevitt S. Bone Repair and Fracture Healing in Man. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1981: 145-147
Strength training is a cornerstone of enhancing functional capacity, directly targeting the muscles and movements needed for daily activities. It improves balance, stability, and coordination, which can help prevent falls and injuries, especially in older adults. By progressively overloading muscles through resistance training, individuals stimulate muscle growth, increasing strength, power, and endurance. This improvement in muscular strength translates into enhanced performance in various functional tasks, such as lifting objects, climbing stairs, or carrying groceries. Old, young, fit, unfit… the benefits of strength training are far-reaching. Strength makes everything easier and helps people live longer and, more importantly, live better. Research tells us that regular strength training can reduce all-cause mortality by up to 17%, improve sleep and significantly help in the fight to diminish anxiety and depression. Without strength training, we lose muscle mass and strength every decade. If we don't use it, we lose it! Improved bone health Regular strength training has been shown to increase bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. By placing stress on the bones through resistance exercises, the body responds by making them stronger and less susceptible to fractures. Enhanced mental well-being: Regular strength training has been linked to improved mental health. It can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, boost self-confidence, and enhance overall cognitive function. Injury prevention Strengthening the muscles and connective tissues can provide greater joint stability and reduce the risk of injuries. This is particularly important for individuals involved in sports or physical activities requiring repetitive or high-impact movements. Enhanced metabolic rate Strength training increases muscle mass, and muscles are more metabolically active than fat. Having more muscle can lead to a higher resting metabolic rate, meaning you burn more calories even at rest. This can be beneficial for weight management and overall body composition. Speaking of body composition… Better body composition: Strength training helps to increase lean muscle mass while reducing body fat. This leads to a more favourable body composition, giving a toned and sculpted appearance. Chronic disease management: We've all heard the term "exercise as medicine". Strength training has shown positive effects on managing various chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and back pain. It can improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions. VAMOS Strength Training VAMOS offers a bespoke 12-week strength training programme with guaranteed results. We run 4 Training Seasons a year. Each Season is a set 12-week training block catering to a limited number of Athletes. Every Athlete is provided with a bespoke 12, 24 or 36-workout programme and all the support required to complete it.
Head to your laptop's settings and turn your screen's brightness all the way up. Turn on your WiFi and open up an internet connection. Leave something that auto-refreshes open in a browser window, like sports scores. And if your computer is equipped with Bluetooth, turn that function on, too. Turn on Auto-brightness Auto-brightness is a feature that adjusts the screen brightness based on the ambient light. If you're using your android device in low light conditions or at night and have it set to auto, then the brightness level will help drain your battery. There's no danger of overcharging a battery if you leave it plugged in all the time, even 24/7. As soon as it hits 100 percent, it will cease charging and won't start again until the voltage falls below a certain level. Fully discharging a battery will damage it. 95 degrees Fahrenheit can damage your laptop battery permanently. Yes, this means on hot or cold days do not leave your laptop sitting in a car, sunporch or anyplace that temperatures may reach above 90 or below 40. Store your laptop indoors and avoid direct sunlight. How do I discharge my laptop battery? Allow the laptop computer battery to drain completely. To do this, disable all power management utilities or use the computer until it powers itself down. Once drained, recharge the battery to 100%. So, it's important to do your research when buying a new laptop and check reviews to see how long of a single charge battery life you can expect. Overall, the average lifespan of a laptop battery on a single charge probably ranges from as low as 2-3 hours to as high as 7-8 (or more) hours. Laptop batteries usually only last from 2 to 4 years, which amounts to about 1,000 charges. However, there are a few factors that determine how long a battery will last before it finally gives out: The material that the laptop battery is made from. How much you use the laptop. Leaving your laptop plugged in will not cause short-term damage, but if you only ever use it on AC power, you'll almost certainly find that after a year, the battery's capacity has been significantly reduced. Similarly, if you only ever use it on battery power, you'll get through the battery's discharge cycles quicker. No matter how well you take care of it, your laptop battery doesn't last forever. Most are good for at least a few years, but eventually they start to weaken due to wear and tear, exposure to extreme heat, and even lack of use. Letting the battery of your laptop drain entirely is not a good idea for most laptop batteries nowadays. Lithium-ion batteries don't last long if you let them drain and recharge completely, so you need to make sure to keep the battery between 20 and 80 percent. Laptop Battery Draining Problem: Key Reasons You are using the display of your laptop at brightness levels higher than usual. Your laptop is connected to numerous peripherals. The laptop is being operated in High-Performance mode. There are many applications/programs running in the background. If the battery is removable, remove the battery and hold the Power button down for 15 seconds. If the battery is non-removable, while the computer is ON, hold the power button down and wait for the computer to shut down and still hold the power button down for another 15 seconds. Leaving the battery in your car when it is parked for an extended period will allow the car battery to go from fully charged to completely dead in a little under two months. Experts recommend driving your vehicle for at least 30 minutes a week to recharge the battery. While a seldom-used and well-maintained computer could, theoretically, continue working for decades, its practical lifespan is usually between three to eight years. Water is perhaps one of your computer's worst enemies, causing damage even in small amounts. Water can damage every component inside your computer, including the motherboard, CPU, hard drive and optical drives. A power outage can do devastating damage to your computer if it is not protected properly. The reason for the damage is usually not the fact that the computer does not receive any power during an outage, but rather the suddenness of the power outage and the potential power surges associated with it. But these currents are very weak and not hazardous for humans. The connection between your laptop's charger and its power source should be such that current flows from the source into the laptop, through all the circuits, and back into the source, forming a closed loop. Laptop Batteries Once your battery is charged to full capacity, it will simply stop charging, so keeping your laptop plugged in will not cause any issues to your battery. Keeping a laptop battery at a partially charged level for as much of its lifespan as possible will help the battery last longer. Whether your laptop is plugged in or using battery power can also impact the environment. This largely depends on the time of day when your laptop is plugged into an outlet. Disconnect the power adapter from your computer. Remove the base cover. Remove the battery. Press and hold the power button for 20 seconds to drain the flea power. About Drain Power Drain Opener This professional strength drain cleaner powers through standing water and goes straight to the clog. Drain Power works in minutes on hair and grease clogs and is effective on both clogged and slow running drains. 2. With power, drain refers to anything that uses up power. For example, as you use your laptop the charge in the battery is drained.
When shall appoint its favorite-Winston Churchill there are a few pieces to choose from. Brian Cox ("Churchill"), John Lithgow ("The crown") and Gary Oldman ("the Darkest hour") have all made decent efforts lately, even if none of them can compete with Albert Finney in "The gathering storm". But if you are talking about Winston Churchill, the fictional creation, it is no doubt that the original version is the best. One of the nobel Prize in literature is usually subjected to the most derision is precisely what went to Churchill, 1953. But the question is if it is not the most well-deserved. Rarely has a literary creation made such an impression on the history of the world that the Winston Spencer Churchill right from the beginning. biography we meet again a figure in the basis formed by the same literary and rhetorical tradition, he then devotes his life to contribute to. Already as a 21-year-old in 1895, when he manages to talk to in an assignment as a war correspondent in Cuba, initiating the Churchill a career as a högbetald journalist and author of bestsellers about the same war in which he himself participates. As a politician, he sees himself as a part of the same mythological history which the he suggestive up in the speeches and books – the one about the heroic English people on his island, the carrier of all that is best and most beautiful in the history of mankind. As Tolkien's world, populated both by the good-natured hobbits and noble knight of Gondor, decent and peace-loving but ready to resist against Sauron's hordes next to the last blodsdroppe. To discover all the myth excludes is no art. Churchill bornerade formulations about the working class, or of the british empire's coloured subjects are easy prey for Roberts quips (Winston complaining about how uncomfortable it is to be transported in a sedan chair during a visit to Kenya in 1907, "it was probably worse for the carriers," commented the cinema). He was a creature of his time and his class, the british empire and its aristokratis thin top layer, and he was an obvious racist, in the sense that he believed that different "races" were at different stages of development (and that he himself, as a white englishman, belonged to the highest). It was a practical load for him also as a military commander, because he severely underestimated both the turks combat during the first world war and the japanese during the second. He could, as evidenced by all the fictional portraits of him, to be hopeless to work with – egocentric, impulsive, vain. Image 1 of 2 Winston Churchill makes segertecknet during the election campaign in the summer of 1945 – but he lost. Photo: (c) Underwood & Underwood/Corbis Slide 2 of 2 Ungdomsbild with his wife Clementine. Slideshowconclusion that he was a complete impossible, as politicians, except in the mythological situation that occurred, when he was called by Destiny to lead The armies against Hitler and his orcs. Yet there is one redeeming trait that all of Churchill's many ill-wishers find it difficult to get past. He had a sense of humor. He had a contagious good mood. His rhetoric was never spiteful, petty or rancorous pedantic. His disgust for nazism (and communism) was based in a kind of, admittedly patriarchal, but deeply known humanism – it was simply not fair play with åsiktsförföljelse and terror. He had a kind of svåremotståndlig charm, which is captured quite well in an anecdote Roberts tells of his first time as prime minister. Churchill is annoyed with a whistling teen on the street and command him to stop. The boy's jaws back: "You can always close your ears, or how?". Churchill goes fond of there, and repeat the laughing reply throughout the day. It is, as Roberts reflects, it is difficult to imagine the same situation with Hitler and a German teen. Roberts, a dry objectivity that works better than a nervous apology or flåsig indignation. The longest sentence in the entire 1.105 pages thick book is one that occupies half a page, and where Churchill's political blunders line up, from the resistance against women's suffrage as a young member of way to cling to power as strokedrabbad 80-year-old (recently portrayed in "The crown"). His mistakes were many, but his historical importance is undeniable. No, of course Churchill was not the man alone, who crushed Hitler; without the Soviet union or the USA, would the Uk have never won the war (which Churchill himself was the first to admit). But he was the one who prevented the united kingdom to conclude a peace with Nazi germany in the summer of 1940, something that Hitler, points out Roberts, would have been very willing to do, and then be able to take on his true dream project and crush the Soviet union. Winston Churchill. Photo: Rue des Archives / IBL BildbyråWhen it comes to the personal Roberts british button. It in popular culture now established the claim that Churchill would have been bipolar, constantly haunted by his "black dog", dismissed as an exaggeration of the untrustworthy livläkaren Moran. He would have been an alcoholic also – that Churchill drank copious amounts cannot reasonably deny, but Roberts points out that he is still, as sjuttioåring, had days of 18 hours, and quotes approvingly a friend, the novelist C P Snow – "he had been an alcoholic, he had never managed to drink so much". the myth of Churchill can still have its intoxicating effect. If you have a weakness for the heroic rhetoric – for Gullbergs "Dead amazon", for Shakespeare's Henry V at Agincourt – it is easy to let the legend of the great bulldog's rise to the head. The cheap copies are not lacking. Boris Johnson would like to imitate his great model, and dreams about fighting against the EU superstate on the beaches and on the landing in the fields and in the streets. Donald Trump has approprierat a Churchillbyst to its oval room. But it is home brewed and fulöl. Nothing beats the original Winston Churchill, as Andrew Roberts's biography reminds us, even if he is supposed to be enjoyed with responsibility. Albert Finney in "The gathering storm". Photo: WENN.com From the "years in the wilderness" in the 1930s with Churchill as the lone voice against Hitler's rearmament. Albert Finney finds the nuances in the Churchillfigurens combination of childish tjurighet and magnificent people, in addition, in the magnificent interplay with Vanessa Redgrave as lady Clementine. Gary Oldman and Kristin Scott Thomas in "the Darkest hour". Photo: Supplied by LMK / IBL Bildbyrå Difficult klichétyngd version of the most sönderberättade episode of all in Churchill's life, when he takes over as prime minister in 1940 and brings together the country against Hitler. Gary Oldman gets to ride the subway to show their communion with the English people, while the real Churchill would rather have been sober in a week. However, the stylish peppversion of the classic "We shall fight on the beaches"-century. Brian Cox in "Çhurchill". Photo: Supplied by LMK / IBL Bildbyr on Brian Cox makes a shaky has-been who been counterfeited by the iraq war, agonizing over the soldiers who died at Gallipoli in the first world war and trying to sabotage D-day. More omprövande than credible, but the strong performance of Miranda Richardson, who severely tested wife Clemmie.
Objects serve as the lively foundations of software engineering, encapsulating real-world items and functionalities within code. These dynamic entities, identical to players on a digital stage, play an essential role in modern programming, encapsulating attributes and behaviors within instances of classes. Join us on a tour through the immersive world of OOP's objects as we examine their significance, dive into their creation, and observe how important they are in developing powerful and adaptive software applications. In Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), objects are instances of classes that contain data (attributes or properties) and behavior (methods or functions). They represent real-world entities, concepts, or instances in a program. Here are some crucial points regarding objects: Instances of Classes: Objects are formed based on the blueprint or template defined by a class. Each object created from a class is an independent instance with its own set of properties and behaviors defined by that class. Properties: Objects contain attributes or properties that define their state. These properties store data relating to the object. For example, a Car object might have properties like brand, model, color, etc.Behaviors or Methods: Objects can perform actions or behaviors using methods. Methods are functions associated with objects that allow them to interact with their own data or perform certain tasks. For instance, a Car object might have methods like startEngine(), accelerate(), stop(), etc. //Object Example class Car public string Brand { get; set; } public string Model { get; set; } public void DisplayInfo() Console.WriteLine($"Car Information: {Brand} {Model}"); class Program static void Main() // Creating an instance (object) of the Car class Car myCar = new Car(); // Setting properties of the Car object myCar.Brand = "Toyota"; myCar.Model = "Corolla"; // Accessing a method of the Car object myCar.DisplayInfo(); // Outputs: Car Information: Toyota Corolla
The lottery is a form of gambling in which people place bets on numbers that will be randomly selected. It is one of the most popular forms of gambling in the United States, and it contributes billions to state coffers each year. While many people play for fun, others believe the lottery is their only chance to get a better life. However, the odds of winning are extremely low. The casting of lots to determine decisions and fates has a long history, including several references in the Bible. However, the use of lotteries for material gain is much more recent. The first recorded public lotteries were held in the Low Countries in the 15th century, when towns used them to raise money for municipal repairs and to help poor citizens. The first lotteries to distribute prize money were probably even older, since a record from 1445 in Bruges mentions selling tickets to win cash prizes. Most modern lotteries have similar basic elements: a centralized organization to collect bets and record the results, some kind of system to shred or otherwise arrange bets for selection in the draw, and a method to verify whether bettors have won. In addition, bettors must be able to withdraw their winnings in order to comply with federal gambling laws. In the US, most state lotteries operate as monopolies. The monopolies are created by state legislatures, who usually establish a separate agency to run them (as opposed to licensing private firms in return for a share of the profits). In most cases, state agencies start with a relatively modest number of games and gradually expand their operations. A lottery must also have a system to record the identities of bettors and the amounts they stake on each ticket. This can be as simple as a numbered receipt that a bettor gives to the lottery operator, or it may involve a specialized form of identification card or computer file. The identity of bettors and the amount they stake is then matched to the winners in a database. This database must be able to distinguish between multiple entrants who are trying to claim the same prize. Many people believe there are ways to increase their chances of winning by analyzing the results of previous draws. They might choose the same set of numbers in every drawing, or they might look for patterns in the winning numbers, such as numbers that end with the same digits. This type of analysis is likely to waste money. It is very unlikely that any number grouping will give you an advantage, since the winners are chosen by random draw. In a crowded market, state lotteries compete for consumers by offering more games and increasing jackpots. They also rely on publicity and marketing campaigns to promote their products. Moreover, state governments are often dependent on the revenues from lotteries, which means that they can't afford to reduce their prizes or stop running them altogether.
Here are 3 famous actors from Poland died in 1955: Kazimierz Wajda (December 3, 1905 Lviv-May 8, 1955 Warsaw) otherwise known as Szczepko was a Polish actor. He came from a family of actors and began his acting career in his late teens. He became a prominent actor in the Polish theatre scene, which eventually led to his roles in notable Polish films such as "Czarna perła" (1947) and "Skarb" (1948). Wajda was known for his versatility as an actor and was respected for his ability to portray both comedic and dramatic roles. His film career was cut short due to his sudden death at the age of 49. Read more about Kazimierz Wajda on Wikipedia » Aleksander Zelwerowicz (August 14, 1877 Lublin-June 18, 1955 Warsaw) a.k.a. Zelwer was a Polish actor, theatre director and teacher. He had one child, Lena Zelwerowiczówna. Zelwerowicz was one of the most influential figures in 20th-century Polish theatre. He was the founder and director of the Warsaw-based Theatre Academy (Akademia Teatralna), which trained many of Poland's most celebrated actors and directors. Among his students were many leading figures of the Polish theatre, including Tadeusz Kantor, Jerzy Grotowski, and Andrzej Wajda. Zelwerowicz was known for his innovative approach to acting and direction, emphasizing the importance of psychological realism and emotional authenticity on stage. He was particularly interested in Stanislavski's system of acting, and was one of the first Polish theatre practitioners to incorporate it into his teaching. Throughout his career, Zelwerowicz was recognized for his contributions to Polish culture. He was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of Poland's highest civilian honors, in 1952. In 1953, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Warsaw. Zelwerowicz's legacy continues to be felt in the Polish theatre world today. The Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art (PWST) in Warsaw, which he founded, is one of the most prestigious theatre schools in Poland. Read more about Aleksander Zelwerowicz on Wikipedia » Stanisław Sielański (August 8, 1899 Łódź-April 28, 1955 New York City) also known as S. Sielanski, Stanisław Nasielski or Stanislaw Sielanski was a Polish actor and comedian. He made his acting debut at the age of 19 and quickly became a popular figure in the entertainment industry. Sielański was known for his versatile acting skills and his ability to portray a wide range of characters. He appeared in numerous films, stage productions, and radio programs throughout his career. In the 1930s, he was one of the most prominent comedians in Poland, often hailed as the "Polish Charlie Chaplin." During World War II, Sielański continued to perform despite the danger it posed to his life, and he was eventually arrested by the Nazis in 1942. He spent time in several concentration camps before being liberated by the Allies in 1945. After the war, Sielański emigrated to the United States and continued to act in Polish-language productions in New York City. Sielański's contributions to Polish entertainment were recognized with several awards, including the Order of Polonia Restituta in 1951. He passed away in 1955 at the age of 55, leaving behind a legacy as one of Poland's most beloved entertainers. Read more about Stanisław Sielański on Wikipedia »
Anyone who has delicate and reactive pores and skin will know simply how scary it may be when making an attempt out a brand new skincare product. But for pores and skin inclined to rosacea (an inflammatory pores and skin situation that impacts the face), searching for skincare can really feel like navigating a minefield—particularly as a result of what works for one individual may not work for an additional, and it isn't at all times simple to spot and diagnose rosacea."I first began noticing my rosacea signs—elevated redness, flushing, dryness, and normal irritation and breakouts throughout my cheeks—in 2016, however it might truly take me 4 years from then to truly get a prognosis," says my buddy, freelance magnificence editor Tori Crowther. "I believed it was zits so was utilizing components like glycolic acid and it was unsurprisingly getting worse."As with different inflammatory pores and skin circumstances like zits and eczema, among the best locations to begin when coping with rosacea is by determining what's triggering the situation. Some severe circumstances of rosacea would require prescription therapies, however small changes within the varieties of merchandise you utilize or the components in them could make an enormous distinction in lowering rosacea signs. "You'll need to select your skincare merchandise and make-up rigorously as many skincare merchandise and cosmetics can irritate your pores and skin when you might have rosacea," says dermatologist Sonia Khorana. "Triggers may be completely different for various individuals, however acids, retinoids, alcohol or perfume can usually set off signs of rosacea."For Crowther, glycolic acid, important oils, and robust retinoids are a no-go. "When I'm in a flare-up, I keep away from perfume and something too lively," she provides.Instead, Khorana advises selecting merchandise that really feel snug, present anti-inflammatory advantages, and that can neutralise the redness related to rosacea. "Look for calming and moisturising components like hyaluronic acid, cica, niacinamide or ceramides." Likewise, Crowther has discovered that sticking to merchandise based mostly round components like pantothenic acid, glycerin, and ceramides have helped considerably, plus azelaic acid which she counts as being the principle ingredient in serving to to maintain her rosacea breakouts underneath management.If you're coping with your first flare-up or have but to determine what's triggering your pores and skin, you're in the correct place. Scroll down for a dermatologist-approved checklist of the 5 merchandise to keep away from if in case you have rosacea-prone pores and skin.1. Avoid: Exfoliating AcidsAcid exfoliants may be useful to rosacea when utilized in small doses and when the pores and skin barrier is powerful sufficient to cope with them, however as a normal rule, Khorana advises towards utilizing them on a frequent foundation. Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) like glycolic and salicylic can irritate pores and skin and trigger momentary redness, due to this fact worsening rosacea signs.Try: Azelaic Acid Paula's Choice 10% Azelaic Acid Booster Instead, Khorana recommends utilizing azelaic acid, which exfoliates the pores and skin in a barely completely different (and far more mild) method to AHAs and BHAs. It's well-tolerated by delicate pores and skin and can also be extremely soothing and calming so can rapidly assist to cut back the redness and irritation related to rosacea. 2. Avoid: Retinoids"Retinoids can be utilized in individuals with rosacea however are greatest to keep away from when the situation has flared or is lively," advises Khorana. Like AHAs and BHAs, retinoids may be drying and aggravating—particularly if pores and skin is already sensitised—so it's really helpful to incorporate these into your routine solely when suggested to by your physician or dermatologist.Try: Mineral SPF Naked Sundays SPF50+ Collagen Glow 100% Mineral Priming Perfecting Lotion SPF is the one completely non-negotiable product in any skincare routine, and particularly if in case you have an inflammatory pores and skin situation like rosacea, which may be triggered by UV publicity. Khorana particularly recommends utilizing a mineral, zinc oxide-based sunscreen. "Zinc oxide is nicely tolerated by individuals with delicate pores and skin, which makes mineral sunscreens a fascinating choice for these with rosacea," she explains. 3. Avoid: Alcohol & PerfumeAlcohol is up there on Khorana's checklist of components to keep away from if in case you have rosacea. It's usually present in merchandise like toners and face mists because it capabilities as an antibacterial and may dry out oily pores and skin. When alcohol is utilized in excessive concentrations, it may be too drying and have irritating results, so might nicely trigger your rosacea to flare up. "I'd additionally advise avoiding perfume as it could irritate the pores and skin if in case you have rosacea," provides Khorana. Cut out any cleansers, serums, and face lotions that scent overly perfumed and search for these labelled as 'fragrance-free' as an alternative.Try: Hydrating Ingredients Water Bank Blue Hyaluronic Acid Serum Since it's greatest to keep away from something that can dry out or irritate rosacea-prone pores and skin, merchandise with soothing and hydrating components are those you need to use as an alternative. "Look for calming and moisturising components like hyaluronic acid, cica/centella asiatica, niacinamide or ceramides," says Khorana. Cooling toners, hydrating serums, and calming moisturisers will assist not solely to replenish misplaced moisture however to soothe any uncomfortable staining or burning sensations. 4. Avoid: Foaming Cleansers"Ideally cleansers needs to be mild and non-foaming," says Khorana. If you're searching for a brand new cleansers, test the components checklist and be sure that sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) isn't featured, as that is the ingredient which causes merchandise to foam up.Try: Gentle Cleansers Dr Sam's Flawless Cleanser SLS-free cleansers received't really feel as harsh on pores and skin and your complexion received't be left feeling tight and stripped after use. Gentle cleaning milks and lotions or non-foaming gel cleansers will nonetheless be efficient when it comes to eradicating make-up and clearing congestion, however will achieve this with out triggering a rosacea flare up. 5. Avoid: Physical ScrubsFace scrubs can irritate even the healthiest and most resilient of complexions, so it solely is smart to keep away from them in case your pores and skin is inclined to the irritation and sensitivity that comes hand-in-hand with a rosacea flare up—particularly in case your pores and skin barrier is broken.Try: Skin Barrier Treatments "I like to recommend in search of merchandise which might be non-comedogenic and comprise mild components that assist together with your pores and skin barrier, like glycerin, hyaluronic acid, ceramides and niacinamide," advises Khorana. There are loads of pores and skin barrier therapies in the marketplace, all of which supply soothing reduction and hydration whereas stopping moisture loss and defending pores and skin from exterior irritants.
Rigaku, a leading manufacturer of X-ray analysis and inspection equipment, has determined the composition of the asteroid Ryugu, providing valuable insights into unlocking secrets behind the formation of our solar system. The results of the WDXRF and thermal analysis studies were published in the prestigious journal Science on June 10, 2022, and will be used as a benchmark for various analyses of the Ryugu sample to be conducted by research groups around the world in the future. Image credit: Rigaku The sample from Ryugu—a C-type asteroid that exists in the asteroid belt closest to Earth and is estimated to be 4.6 billion years old—is the oldest known material ever identified. It was collected by Hyabusa2, a probe launched by the Japanese state space agency JAXA. Hyabusa2 was launched in 2014, returning the sample in December 2020. The asteroid sample is significant as it has not been modified, unlike samples that have landed on Earth as meteorites. Rigaku was selected from a pool of local XRF manufacturers, and the team used their ZSX Primus IV wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer with its tube-above optical configuration to determine the elemental composition. Rigaku's team, led by Dr. Hisashi Homma, optimized experimental conditions enabling them to measure trace samples such as rock dust, not otherwise possible using conventional methods. When asked about the project, Dr. Homma said, "Of the 66 elements analyzed by the chemical analysis team, we were able to determine the content of a total of 20 elements, including major elements with percent or greater and minor elements with tens of ppm or greater. The results show that wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a suitable tool for this type of analysis. Elemental composition is a fundamental property, and our data will definitely be necessary for future detailed studies of Ryugu and other asteroid samples. It was a valuable experience for me to be involved in this kind of analysis." Rigaku also used simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis with gas chromatography mass spectrometry system (TG-DTA/GC-MS) based on a Thermo Plus EVO2 to analyze a 1 mg sample from Ryugu. Results showed that CI chondrites are the most common type of chondrites. The measurements revealed that the water content of a CI chondrite meteorite differs from that of the Ryugu sample. This difference has been attributed to the pristine nature of the Ryugu sample, which has not been modified during its trip to Earth. This means that the Ryugu samples are of great value for space science research, such as the formation history of the solar system and the origin of water on Earth. Yoshiyuki Sanada, Director and Senior Managing Executive Officer of Rigaku Corporation, commented on the use of Rigaku's thermal analysis equipment in the analysis of the Ryugu sample. "The origin of the elements that make up life on Earth and the origin of water, which was also essential for the birth of life, are hot topics in the fields of earth and planetary science and astronomy, and we are honored to be able to contribute to this important project with our analytical equipment and analytical technology. We are honored to be able to contribute to the achievement of JAXA and other project partners through our analytical instruments and technology." The paper, titled "Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites," can be accessed at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7850 and the results will be reported at international conferences, including Goldschmidt Conference 2022 (July) and MetSoc2022 (August). About Rigaku Co., Ltd. Since its foundation in 1951, Rigaku Co., Ltd. has provided leading-edge analytical and industrial equipment with X- ray and thermal analysis as its core technologies. Today, based not only in Japan, but also in the United States, Europe, China and other parts of the world, the Rigaku Group plays an advanced role in the fields of general-purpose X- ray diffraction (XRD), thin film analysis (XRF, XRD, XRR), X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF, EDXRF, WDXRF), small-angle X-ray scattering analysis (SAXS), protein and low molecular X-ray crystal structure analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray optical elements, semiconductor inspection (TXRF, XRF, XRD, XRR), X-ray generators, CT scans, non-destructive inspection, and thermal analysis. By leveraging its extensive knowledge of X-rays and related technologies, Rigaku has built collaborative relationships with customers and promoted partnerships, communication, and innovation globally through academic societies and industries. Rigaku will continue to provide integrated solutions for a wide variety of fields, including protein structure analysis, nanotechnology development, general-purpose X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), material analysis, and quality assurance. For more information, please visit http://www.rigaku.com. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Rigaku Corporation. (2022, June 21). Rigaku's Analysis of the Asteroid Ryugu by WDXRF and Thermal Analysis Will Be Invaluable for Future Research Projects. AZoM. Retrieved on May 24, 2024 from https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59381. Rigaku Corporation. "Rigaku's Analysis of the Asteroid Ryugu by WDXRF and Thermal Analysis Will Be Invaluable for Future Research Projects". AZoM. 24 May 2024. <https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59381>. Rigaku Corporation. "Rigaku's Analysis of the Asteroid Ryugu by WDXRF and Thermal Analysis Will Be Invaluable for Future Research Projects". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59381. (accessed May 24, 2024). Rigaku Corporation. 2022. Rigaku's Analysis of the Asteroid Ryugu by WDXRF and Thermal Analysis Will Be Invaluable for Future Research Projects. AZoM, viewed 24 May 2024, https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59381. Do you have a review, update or anything you would like to add to this news story? Cancel reply to comment Your AI Powered Scientific Assistant Hi, I'm Azthena, you can trust me to find commercial scientific answers from AZoNetwork.com. A few things you need to know before we start. Please read and accept to continue. Great. Ask your question. While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. 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Want to experience the greatest in board studying? Check out our interactive question bank podcast- the FIRST of its kind here: emrapidbombs.supercast.com Author: Blake Briggs, MD Peer Reviewer: Mary Claire O'Brien, MD Objectives: review cardiac arrest and approach to ACLS, discuss ROSC, its goals; explain guidelines for hemodynamic support, discuss indications and contraindications for TTM and TH. "Arrest" is another word for a sudden cessation in effective blood circulation due to cardiopulmonary failure. Arrest = death. If no medical intervention is performed these patients remain dead. On average, sudden cardiac arrest is responsible for nearly 500,000 deaths annually. It is difficult to truly measure what actually causes patients to arrest. See our handout on our website, "Shot through the heart: sudden cardiac arrest and its causes" Guidelines have been shifting for several decades now. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) are clinical management guidelines for various life-threatening conditions. It is the standard for emergent healthcare delivery in North America. It provides the rubric (or "playbook") for managing sudden cardiac arrest, colloquially known as "running a code". Despite its portrayal in Hollywood, the majority of patients do not reach hospital discharge, and even fewer survive with good neurologic outcome. As research continues, clinicians should focus on what has been shown to provide the best possible chance at survival with good neurologic outcome. Accelerate your learning with our EM Question Bank Podcast - Rapid learning - Interactive questions and answers - new episodes every week - Become a valuable supporter The most critical actions to perform in running a code: 1) Excellent CPR 2) Defibrillation as soon as possible (if indicated for shockable rhythms) Without CPR and defibrillation, survival from cardiac arrest caused by VF declines by ~10% for each minute, and after more than 12 minutes without CPR, the survival rate is <5%. Survival to hospital discharge for those treated between 1998 and 2001 has not significantly changed, and this is most likely due to delayed CPR onset and/or poor CPR in general. It cannot be understated how CPR education needs to be a priority. Running a code Patient enters cardiac arrest —> not breathing + no pulse. CPR needs to be started immediately. Studies have repeatedly shown that the sooner CPR begins, the better chance of survival. If you do not feel a pulse, YOU start CPR. Do not call for others to come start CPR. YOU DO. It is the single, most important intervention. This is so incredibly high yield for boards and life, it cannot be overstated. If you are in a hospital, begin CPR and alert someone. If you are not in a healthcare setting, begin CPR and tell someone nearby to call 911. If you are alone, perform CPR while yelling for help and if you are still alone after 2 minutes quickly look for help and secure an AED if nearby. The AED should be turned on and pads placed. While charging the defibrillator, continue CPR. The time from pulse check to hitting "shock" on the defibrillator should not take more than 5 seconds. Let's proceed with the basic overall approach of "running a code": -Key points: defibrillation is ONLY used in pVT and VF. Decreased time to defibrillation improves the likelihood of successful conversion to a perfusing rhythm. If a patient sustains witnessed VF or pVT arrest and a defibrillator is immediately available and pads are in place, immediately charge the defibrillator and deliver a shock. The ten seconds or fewer of CPR are unlikely to generate any substantive perfusion. First dose of epinephrine should be given during the 2nd round of CPR and given from then on, every 3-5 minutes. After the third round of epinephrine, give a dose of 300 mg Amiodarone instead, followed by a 2nd dose of 150mg 2 rounds later. In summary, you should be alternating amiodarone and epinephrine every 3-5 minutes along with defibrillation when indicated on the monitor. The success of defibrillation is directly dependent on the duration of VF/VT and speed to initiate defibrillation. Pulse checks should take <5 seconds in between CPR breaks and should NOT occur after shock delivery. Immediately resume CPR. *Lidocaine has been found to be no different in outcomes than Amiodarone and can be given in place of it. See our podcast on iTunes/Soundcloud- "Episode 42. Precious Joules: Cardioversion in the ED" -Key points: NO defibrillation should be performed in PEA/asystole. No evidence supports its use. The patient is suffering from some nonelectrical pathology that is impairing cardiac muscle contractility. This is where we remember those dreaded H's and T's: When do I deliver ventilations? The ratio of 30:2 (CPR to ventilation) has long been preferred but if no bag is available, straight CPR takes precedence until help arrives. Giving "mouth-to-mouth" breathes has fallen out of favor. If the patient has an advanced airway, deliver ventilations at 6-8/minute. End-tidal CO2 should be utilized during CPR to reflect cardiac output and cerebral perfusion. Decreased EtCO2 suggests poor compressions and/or poor prognosis. In children, it has been found 30:2 and 15:2 ratios are preferred since the #1 cause of arrest in children is respiratory. When do I intubate? Despite popular belief, endotracheal intubation is NOT a priority during CPR. In fact, studies support ventilations via bag-valve-mask. Airway adjuncts are encouraged such as an LMA or other supraglottic airway. Endotracheal intubation can drastically drop BP and create more problems. Also, intubating during CPR is difficult and halting compressions for 5-10 seconds is undesirable. If a dedicated, experienced airway physician is available and CPR is unhindered, a supraglottic airway or ETT can be placed and may improve ventilatory effort. Where's all the evidence? Since survival rates are abysmal, and solid evidence is difficult to come by, the most controversial being medications. As of this writing, a growing body of evidence raises doubt over the effectiveness of epinephrine and its possibly deleterious effects during resuscitation. Several studies have shown epinephrine does not improve survival to hospital discharge. Other studies suggest epinephrine can worsen neurologic outcomes. Maybe the circulating catecholamines cause a negative effect on brain perfusion leading to worse neurologic outcomes. Maybe epinephrine needs to be at lower and less frequent dosing. Maybe we shouldn't be using epinephrine at all. As of now, unless clinical gestalt dictates overwise, you should refer to published ACLS guidelines as defined above- THAT is what is being tested. In real life, you don't necessarily have to give epinephrine every 3-5 minutes- we sure don't; however, this is advanced level thinking among experienced providers. Amiodarone/lidocaine has been found to provide little survival benefit as well and does not result in increased survival to hospital discharge from several studies. When to terminate efforts: little data published to guide decision-making. The following factors strongly suggest halting efforts: -duration of resuscitation >30 minutes, initial rhythm of asystole/PEA, unwitnessed arrest, prolonged time between arrest and initiation of CPR, low EtCO2 even after 20 minutes of high-quality resuscitation. -bedside echo showing no cardiac wall motion. This finding alone should never terminate resuscitation, and it should never interfere with CPR. Therapies that should never be done: Atropine (no role in PEA/asystole), vasopressin, cardiac pacing for asystole or PEA. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC): Once pulses have been achieved, every possible attempt should be made at making sure you don't lose them again. At the same time, there should be a vigorous investigation into what was the cause of arrest. Critical objectives during ROSC: -managing hemodynamics post-arrest -minimizing brain injury -securing a definitive, endotracheal airway if not done so already -diagnose and treat suspected causes of arrest Immediately, an EKG should be performed. The #1 cause of sudden cardiac arrest worldwide is MI. MI's go to the cath lab. Reassess the patient post-arrest. What did you miss while you were running the resuscitation? Rigid abdomen? Loud, harsh cardiac murmur? Decreased lung sounds unilaterally? Tachycardia is expected after ROSC, but bradycardia is ominous. Blood in the OG tube or rectum suggests GI bleeding and warrants emergency release blood products, unilateral leg swelling suggests PE. Track marks on the skin suggest IVDA which in turn place the patient at risk for endocarditis and septic emboli. Tests you should order: EKG #1, CXR, CT head. Bedside echocardiography should be encouraged. Other studies: Blood gas (because, why not), CMP, CBC, serial troponins, lactate, +/- others depending on patient presentation. Any evidence of STEMI requires emergent reperfusion therapy. Even in those without STEMI but had VF or pVT arrest might also benefit. In any case, cardiology should be consulted after ROSC in all patients who suffered VF/VT arrest. You should also conduct a neurologic evaluation. Patients who cannot perform any purposeful movements on basic command meet indication for therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management (TTM). Hemodynamic support: Maintain MAP goal >65 mmHg, preferably 80-100 to prevent cerebral vasoconstriction. -IV fluids can assist in maintain a normal CVP ~8-12. Lactated Ringers should be the fluid of choice. -There is no specific guideline or standardized research that clearly shows one vasopressor or inotropic agent that is superior to another in these patients. Commonly used agents: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine. There has been a gradual shift towards preferring norepinephrine in these patients, although the data is incomplete. In terms of inotropic agents, dopamine or milrinone has been used. Both cause hypotension; dopamine predisposes patients to tachyarrhythmias. -It's now time to intubate if you haven't. Optimize BP first though, as the most common post-intubation complication is hypotension. -Maintain normal ventilation (PaCO2 35-40), Normoxia >94% (not hyperoxia which can have worse outcomes). -Monitor closely with end-tidal CO2 Fever = worse neurologic outcomes. It is the most common cause of death in patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital. 32-36 C improves outcome. (89-93 F). Targeted temperature management (TTM) refers to temperature control no higher than 36 Celsius. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) refers to active range maintenance of 32-34 Celsius. -Indications of TTM: any patient not following commands or having purposeful movements following any cardiac arrest. Specifically, patients who have suffered from VF or pVT seem to respond better and have greater chances of improved neurologic outcomes. Discussion of initiating TTM and TH needs to occur with the intensivist in the correct setting, as they will be the ones managing the patient's care much longer than the ED. -Contraindications of TTM: no absolute contraindications. Relative contraindications include cardiogenic shock, uncontrolled bleeding -Duration: 24-48 hours -Methods: infuse cold saline, >2 C per hour (1 L in 15 min can lower 1 C). Surface blankets work too. Do not give fluids in those with ESRD/CHF. Instead, prefer blankets. -Side effects: shivering (sedate patient) poor coagulation, increased infection risk. -Serial blood gases should be performed as ventilation requirements will decrease as temperature decreases. The goal PaCO2 is 35-40. 1. Ali MU, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Kenny M, et al. Effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs for shockable cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 2018; 132:63. 2. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:557. 3. Donnino MW, Rittenberger JC, Gaieski D, et al. The development and implementation of cardiac arrest centers. Resuscitation 2011; 82:974. 4. Eftestøl T, Sunde K, Steen PA. Effects of interrupting precordial compressions on the calculated probability of defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2002; 105:2270. 5. Gaieski DF, Band RA, Abella BS, et al. Early goal-directed hemodynamic optimization combined with therapeutic hypothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2009; 80:418. 6. Gebhardt K, Guyette FX, Doshi AA, et al. Prevalence and effect of fever on outcome following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2013; 84:1062. 7. Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:549. 8. Laver S, Farrow C, Turner D, Nolan J. Mode of death after admission to an intensive care unit following cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:2126. 9. Link MS, Berkow LC, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2015; 132:S444. 10. Kim F, Olsufka M, Longstreth WT Jr, et al. Pilot randomized clinical trial of prehospital induction of mild hypothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with a rapid infusion of 4 degrees C normal saline. Circulation 2007; 115:3064. 11. Metter RB, Rittenberger JC, Guyette FX, Callaway CW. Association between a quantitative CT scan measure of brain edema and outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2011; 82:1180. 12. McKenzie N, Williams TA, Tohira H, et al. 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144 Public Relations Essay Topics & Examples Looking for inspiring public relations topics? This field is really worth exploring! - 🔝 Top 10 PR Topics - 🏆 Best PR Essay Examples - 🕵 Current PR Topics to Research 👍 Interesting PR Topics to Write About - 🔥 Hot PR Assignment Topics - 🎓 Controversial PR Research Topics ❓ Public Relations Discussion Questions In your public relations essay, you might want to focus on mass communication or media relations. Corporate PR is another current public relations assignment topic. In this article, we've gathered hot PR topics that will be suitable for essays, research papers, presentations, theses, and other projects. A collection of public relations essay examples is a nice bonus! 🔝 Top 10 Public Relations Topics - Public relations in business - History of public relations - Crisis management in political public relations - Public relations in non-governmental field - Ethical issues of public relations - Public relations and advertising: compare and contrast - Social media marketing as one of the key PR tactics - Audience targeting as a PR technique - Public relations campaign: the main stages - Classification of the publics in PR 🏆 Best Public Relations Essay Examples - The Coca Cola Public Relations: PR Strategy and Examples — Case Study Example The Coca Cola Company is an international firm based in the United States and is one of the leading manufacturers of soft drinks and other related products. - Discussion on Grunig and Hunt's Public Relations Model In regard to this model, Grunig and Hunt propose that communication is two-way between the organization and the public. In these models, the writers present communication to the public and the organization and therefore the […] - Four Models of Public Relations So, the use of the press agentry model can be considered the most harmful when applied with the purpose of gaining money whereas the application of a two-way symmetric model is considered to be the […] - Public Relations and its importance in Modern Society Public relations is the procedure of checking the flow of information between an institution and its community. This became a success and thus led to creation of awareness to the Americans of the influence that […] - Model of Excellence Theory in Public Relations Department For the public relations department, establishing good relationship with the clients and people associated with the company is most important and more important is the way to retain this relationship. - Public Relations Campaign To understand the problem at hand, it is important to give a brief overview of the project and the need to launch the campaign. - Advertising, Publicity, and Public Relations Publicity is the act of drawing the attention of the media in order to improve the visibility of a brand, product or a company in the public. Second, publicity is cost-effective and provides a lot […] - Public Relations However, it is important to understand that balancing the company's need and those of the customer is a crucial step, and any strategy used by the company in the marketing process must be guided by […] - Rex Harlow as a Historical Figure in Public Relations Rex Harlow is considered one of the most influential pioneers in the history of public relations. Harlow's involvement in the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce and experience in publication provoked a public relations interest. - The Coca-Cola Company's Public Relations The Coca-Cola Company uses paid, earned, shared, and owned media to advertise its products to its customers to increase its sales. - How Does Internal Public Relations Impact the Employee Productivity and Loyalty in Saudi Arabia? This study therefore intends to synthesize the issue of internal public relations and how it impacts the productivity and loyalty of employees in Saudi Arabia. - Public Relations in Healthcare and Their Features Practically, healthcare PR has many objectives, the most vital of which are the improvement of the quality of care, the establishment of a good reputation, and the reduction of cost of care. - "Public Relations – Strategies and Tactics" by Wilcox A public relations practitioner of a company is supposed to identify the strategy with whom the company should have relationships. The department of public relations should assure the clients that Evergreen flooring system is committed […] - Public Relations and Their Functions One of the common scenarios with organizations is the characteristic of any organization trying to influence the general public hence the public relations initiatives help the organization to develop a good understanding of the organization […] - Public Relations and Relationship Marketing The organizers of the 2011 Mobile Research conference should consider using public relations and relationship marketing in order to ensure that the event promotion is successful. - McDonalds-Public Relations Practice in Global Contexts Like other retail organizations, McDonald's believed that they have a social and moral responsibility for the people around the world to produce a positive impact to the stakeholders although the bottom line is the concern […] - Essential Foundations of the Public Relations According to Curtin and Gaither, there exists four main criticisms of the paradigm of the public relations: "the definition of public relations as a management function; the reliance on functional, transmission models of communication; the […] - Public relations and sales promotion It will analyze them based on the regularity of the chosen strategy, the target audience which covers the customers, the potential customers and the community and also PR and its impact. - Public Relations and Crisis Management Link The significance of developing a CMP lies in the fact that it aids in the process of collecting the necessary information to deal with the crisis. - Public Relations Practice Improvement by Public Opinion In order to understand how this happens, it is necessary to define a public opinion, examine its connections to public relations, describe what improvements in public relations mean, and explain the ways in which understanding […] - Toyota Company's Public Relations and Marketing The recall crisis has led to the development of a negative perception and public image of Toyota Company. The internal society within the Toyota Company forms the first and most important stakeholders in this campaign. 🕵 Current Public Relations Topics to Research - Apple and Samsung Companies Virtual Public Relations According to Gregory, a website is like an ambassador of the firm to the world, and the impression it gives will be assumed to be the real image of the firm it represents. - Solving Ethical Dilemmas in Public Relations In the case study, the main problem arises from the client's deceit concerning the independent nature of the scientist testing the products in a bid to ensure a favorable public image of the products to […] - Public Relations and Customer Loyalty When a firm has a strong brand image in the market, the perception of the public would always be influenced positively towards the firm, and this will increase loyalty of the customers towards the firm. - Propaganda, Persuasion and Public Relations For example in the case of the Australia's cancellation of the Fuel Watch program Senator Xenaphon utilized propaganda stating that Fuel Watch was not an effective means of helping consumers stating the need to tackle […] - Fire and emergency public relations management The video publications are significant in the provision of information to the public and employees as well as educating the fire service employees on issues concerning fire and emergency management. - The Airbnb Firm's New Public Relations Campaign As a result of this, the company is available in a majority of the countries in the world, which gives it an advantage over local entities. - Public Relations Issues in the Music Industry TikTok is at the top of the funnel, and the issue with content-based marketing is that it diverts attention from the artists and interaction with their profiles. - Henry Booth House's Marketing and Public Relations The identified elements of a well-developed marketing and public relations plan are consistent with the current trends in business and marketing. - Public Relations Campaign for Hewlett-Packard's Recycling Program in Britain Part of the activities of this program is the sensitization of consumers on e-waste and the recycling of computers and their components. - Burke's Pentad: Public Relations, Social Theory, and Rhetoric On the example of one of Jeff Wall's photographs, it is illustrated how the motivation of an actor in this paradigm can be described in different ways in terms of the viewer's focus. - Public Relations Plan and Implementation Strategies The goal of the training will be to ensure the team develops the confidence to sell the brand to the consumers. - Zappos Corporation Public Relations Zappos is one of the corporations that have handled the issue of public relations well in the past. Being a company that was in the limelight, it needed a way to give back to the […] - Framing: Social Media and Public Relations Notably, the media echoed the impact of the government's behavior on increasing students' tuition fees, citing that it would limit the students' ability to pay the debts amidst the prevailing economic problems. - Walmart: New Perspectives on International Public Relations Walmart is one of the largest multinational corporations, which uses its public relations in order to establish its brand and influence public opinion regarding the company. - Careers in Marketing, Branding & Public Relations Among the competencies of marketing, a specialist is the way of presentation of the product, the methods of informing the target audience about it, and collecting and analyzing the data for evaluating the success of […] - Public Relations Plan: Toyota In particular, the most significant among the dilemmas that have currently emerged around Toyota is in serious allegations on the level of quality of automobiles, produced by the company. - Chemco Crisis Resolution and Public Relations In the real estate case mentioned in the case study, it is fundamental to note that the real estate company is in a crisis hence the need to resolve the conflict. - Public Relations Representative Possible Strategies If Erickson decides to come to the governor, he will have to announce a request to stop the fertilizer production in order to clarify the circumstances and to address problem-solving methods. - Public Relations Agencies in Business Development As for the opinions of the heavyweight people and organizations on the agency, they seem to be undivided, and this is a result of the hard work of public relations specialists from Iris PR. - Ethics in Public Relations in Three Big Companies Lastly, Facebook claims it enlisted the help of the PR company to verify people's negative attitudes towards the inclusion of their Facebook data in Google's Social Circles. - Public Relations: The Four Models This is because the three models involve use of a reciprocal communication method that enables corporations to understand the public's worries while enabling the public to appreciate the firm as a well meaning entity. - Public Relations Campaign Harbour Town Rural Council Green Gift group; why are the locals against or in support of the plan; what are the issues in conflict between the locals and the council, the green Gift and the council, the locals and […] - Roe v Wade: Public Relations Industry Therefore, the burden of responsibility lies on this very industry to heal the wounds of the past and address the concerns of rights groups on both sides of the debate. - The Role of Journalists and Public Relations Professionals in Information Sphere Hurst et al noted that journalists are usually concerned with the interests of the public and that they use the media to communicate to the public but for the public relation officers they usually release […] - Public Relations. Press Release of J.Sanisbury It is precisely for gaining a larger market share and serving more customers, that JS has launched its money-saving and discount voucher schemes, off the counter to add value to client purchases and offer a […] - Public Relations Law in Australia Defamation cases in Australia are said to be too expensive in terms of time, reputation and money. Defamation cases in Australia are said to be too expensive in terms of time, reputation and money. - Public Relations and Crisis Plans for Schools The members of the school will develop a good reputation with the general community. The idea, operation and basis of the relationship should be well known by the community and school. - Public Relations and Integrated Marketing Communications in Organization Under the globalization regime, with the availability of a wide variety of tools for marketing communication to cater to a diverse target segment located in geographically diverse regions across the globe, an integrated approach is […] - What the Public Thinks About Public Relations? Public relations is one of the marketing communications disciplines, best thought of as an arsenal of weapons employed to induce adoption of an advocacy position, trial or purchase of a product or service, and assent […] - Public Relations Efforts Evaluation Taking into account the objectives of the rideshare week, it is necessary to emphasize, that the increase of participants may be defined either using the registration data of Ohio Rideshare, or arranging surveys and questionnaires […] - Public Relations: a Method to Organize and Boost Sales In any business situation, the public relations role is to harmonize the internal and external workings of an organization. To enhance the corporate image of the organization and boost the sales of the products and […] - Aramco Company's Public Relations Department Considering this, the establishment of a public relations department in Aramco is important, and the present report aims to demonstrate why the launch of such a unit can provide the company with advantages in dealing […] - Effects of Public Relations in the United Arab Emirates Arguments made in the essay will support the premise that public relations are equally important in the strategic positioning of countries on both the global and regional levels. - Public Relations and Sponsorships: Emirates Airlines and the NFL in 2020 Super Bowl Super Bowl is often held in the first week of February and it involves the winners of the National and American Football Conferences. - Obesity: Public Relations Campaign It will aid in educating youths about the dangers of childhood obesity and the factors that expose them to the condition. - Public Relations Strategy and Campaigns The main aim of the strategy is to build a viable relationship between a company and its target audience. The main goal of the strategy was to increase the sales of soda globally. - Public Relations: Profession and Practice 2 This gives a good image of the company since the community feels part of the organization, and, therefore, the community supports fully the activities of the organization. - Australian Volunteers International: Public Relations The intention of this proposal is to endorse a conservation volunteer campaign that is aimed at reducing the pollution levels in China, which is among the countries that have high levels of environmental degradation in […] - Public Relations Plan Implementation The interview is to be properly developed, the questions are to be directed at understanding why people still refuse to use the services of the company and to buy their products rather than search for […] - Sunrise Ltd.'s Public Relations Management In the aspect of the power of buyers, it is clear that Sunrise Ltd.is under threat, considering the value of the houses that are traded to the real estate clients. - Canadian Public Relations and Management Functions The functions within this specific field of study can make or break a particular person or corporation since it has been noted that the perception of the general public towards a particular entity can result […] - Public Relations in Canada and the United States Practicing public relations in Canada and the United States has both differences and similarities in terms of educational orientation, required skills, and constructs involved in communication and public relations integration. 🔥 Hot Public Relations Assignment Topics - Augmented Reality in Public Relations Domain The rationale behind this suggestion has to do with the fact that the integration of AR into the very philosophy of PR is fully consistent with the most fundamental principles of the human brain's functioning. - Public Relations: Ethics, Technology, Communication The study addresses the problem of ethics in public relations by proving that it is a global issue and is implemented worldwide. - Public Relations and Marketing History: The Stages of Development and Progress It is reasonable to review the literature on this subject matter to get a better understanding of the stages of development and progress that was shown over the years. - Press Secretary Profession in Public Relations This study aims to research the history of the public relations industry and to examine the effects of government regulations, the internet, and the international community on the industry. - The Online Public Relations Concept Organizational transparency can be measured by identifying the degree to which it shares the information and to which it allows contact with people who can provide this information. - E-Newsletters: Online Public Relations Further, the emergence of the internet has provided a wide variety of approaches that organizations can use to reach their customers and potential users of their products in the market. - Job Advert for a Public Relations Manager This paper, therefore, addresses the implications of the operational gap and provides a memo to a hiring manager to solve the issue. - Excellent Public Relations: Organizational Factors The chapter supports the view that PR is not only to be appreciated and valued by the C-suite but the representatives of PR departments should also be present in the dominant coalition. - Public Relations: Media Tools and Communication Technology The central goal of transparency is it to ensure that all the critical information about the company is available to consumers, and it helps to increase the level of trust. - Etisalat's Entrepreneurial Decisions and Public Relations The full title of the company is Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, its headquarters are situated in the UAE, and, at the moment, it appears to provide more than a half of all the telecommunication, mobile, and […] - Wind Future Company's Public Relations Plan In support of Windy City Council marketing objectives and community relations, the following objectives of its PR plans are: To increase the council's recognition and credibility. - Photography Company's Public Relations Campaign The accomplishment of each aim will be performed following the specificity of the targeted audience that is supposed to be composed of the middle-class population of the Seattle Area. In the meantime, they expect that […] - Public Relations and Cultural Intermediation The significance of PR studies as such is both theoretical and practical; as for the narrow topic of the study, the primary importance of recognising PR as a cultural mediator, in the view of Edwards, […] - Effective Writing Skills in Public Relations Writing Same as writing style, the length of a public relations writing is determined by the nature of the message in terms of content, and the need for an in-depth explanation. - Public Relations in Not-For-Profit Organisations In the context of non-profit organisations, PR departments can be viewed as semi-autonomous systems that can make their independent decisions with regard to the type of information that should be shared with the public. It […] - Public Relations in the United Arab Emirates The Middle East Public Relations Association is a not-for-profit establishment with the sole prerogative of securing the welfares of the public relations industry in the region. - Public Relations: Omnicom Group Website Analysis It is also involved in the control of the flow of information from the client to the media or the public. - Breast Cancer Public Relations Campaign Audiences It is clear that the breast cancer campaign will target at women in their 30-40s as this is one of the most vulnerable categories of women as they often pay little attention to the […] - Public Relations and the Big Brother Legislation The current developments in technology that have warranted the development of the internet has reduced the amount of money invested in communication as well as increased the number of people that are communicated to and […] - Strategic Communication in Public Relations Slogans, staged events, and being the first to reach the public and using a sustained approach to saturate the public with campaign messages are old tricks that have passed on from the informal forms of […] - Importance of Public Relations and Relationship Marketing The study also intends to incorporate relationship marketing theory to further the understanding of how the organization can manage to achieve the desired goal in a manner that would be convincing to all the stakeholders […] 🎓 Controversial Public Relations Research Topics - Public Relations Theory And Campaign These tools assist in conveying a message to the public, and in return, the public begin to act according to the influence of the communication. - A Public Relations Campaign Plan In the USA, for example, there have been complaints regarding increased healthcare costs, a lack of stringent rules to guide people, especially the young, on proper usage of prescribed drugs, inability to take care of […] - Effectiveness of Public Relations & Relationship Marketing to the Successful Promotion of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games To conclude, it is evident from the assessment that public relations and relationship marketing are effective to the successful promotion of international events. - The Effectiveness of Public Relations and Relationship Marketing to the Successful Promotion of Winbeldon Championships This is referred to as the relationship marketing and is aimed at achieving the objective of creating customer loyalty for products offered by the company, interaction between the company and the market it serves, and […] - Public Relations and Relationship Marketing in Business Organisations One of the factors behind this dynamism is the change in the means of communication, the rate of dissemination of information and the advancement of technology. - Public Relations Campaign Strategy: Newlandia Education Foundation The aim of communication campaign among people in these regions will be to enhance public awareness of NEF activities, increase public participation in activities of NEF, outline the various ways donations and support for NEF […] - Strategic Planning for Public Relations BP oil's public relations team had to work round the clock to disseminate information, answer questions and win the hearts and minds of the people closest to the site of the accident. - Public Relations Plan – New Startup Company The revitalization of the image of the company will be helpful in attracting customers and improving the performance of the company. The chief objective of the company is to restore the image of the company […] - 2011 NBA Lockout: Public Relations Failure The NBA strike began on the 1st of July, 2011 and is still in effect until the time when the NBA owners and the National Basketball Players Association will make a deal. - The Effectiveness of Public Relations and Relationship Marketing to the Successful Promotion of an International Event Due to the size and the caliber of the fair, the event attracts world renowned media houses such as BBC, The Telegraph, The Times, among others. - Regent College Public Relations This includes the definition of the problem, the definition of the audience, identification of the communication avenues and finally employing the best tactics and strategies to ensure that the project is successful. - Public Relations and Ethical Decisions Basing the discussion on the fact that public relations and ethics include "the client good that is served by professionals public relations, and the principle ordering the theoretical ground of public relations the public pledge […] - The Effectiveness of Public Relations and Relationship Marketing Unlike the firms in the industries that deal with tangible goods, the firms in the service industry highly depend on their relationships with the customers in order to survive in the market. - Impact of Social Media on Public Relations Practice Many organizations in the modern world have employed PR personnel to improve the company image and products to the public in a bid to improve the reputation and performance of the firm. - Social Media and Public Relations In addition, Wikipedia has streamlined the process of information delivery on the internet because it allows individuals to add or delete unwanted information. The media has been accused of bias in almost every instance it […] - Career Path Paper in Public Relations For an individual to successfully acquire a job opportunity in the field of public relation, the specifications depend on the level of the job. - Public Relations Strategies and Tactics The process of communication involves the sender encoding the message and sending it through a medium to the receiver, who is required to decode the message. The practitioners in this case are the senders of […] - The History of Public Relations The intention of these drives was to cultivate a favourable image in the eyes of the public and especially to the consumers and to the society in general. - Public Relations Plan for Regent's College In Regent's College case, the primary objective is to increase the visibility of the school to the public, as well as raise the profile of the institute. - Integrating Public Relations in Market Communication The objective of the public relations campaign was to communicate the value of Dawn to the customers as being a strong dishwasher. - What Kinds of Objectives Can Be Accomplished Through Public Relations Research? - What Are the Practical, Ethical, and Legal Implications of Astroturfing for Public Relations Practitioners Under Current Australian Law? - What Are the Standard Tools of Public Relations? - What Is Secondary Research in Public Relations? - How Can the Dairy Farmers Use Public Relations Coursework? - How Has the Public Relations Changed Over the Past Decade? - Is Public Relations More Important than Marketing? - What Are the Weakness of Public Relations? - What Are the Types of Public Relations? - What Is the Main Aim of Public Relations? - What Are Public Relations Doing in a 'Place' Like Place Marketing? - Why Should Public Relations Professionals Use Facebook? - What Are Public Relations Research and Evaluation? - Public Relations: What Does This Job Entail? - How Do Luxury Fashion Brands Centralize Public Relations? - How Companies Use Public Relations to Launch New Products and Lessen the Effects of a Crisis? - What Is the Difference between Marketing and PR? - What Does a Career in Public Relations Look Like? - What Comes First Marketing or PR? - What Is the Difference between Journalism and Public Relations? - How Psychoanalysis Changed Society With Consumerism and Public Relations? - Did the Board Cover Any Guidelines Be a Public Relations Policy? - How Do Public Relations Programs Work? - What Are the Functions of Public Relations? - What Are the Three Dominant Approaches in Public Relations Research? - What Is Research in Public Relations and Advertising? - Why Honesty and Ethics Are Crucial for Public Relations? - How Can Teachers Motivate Students to Study Theoretical Modules in Public Relations? - How Can Public Relations Communications Theory Help Us Understand the Role of New Media? - How Gender Issues Affect Income in Public Relations? - Chicago (A-D) - Chicago (N-B) IvyPanda. 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March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/public-relations-essay-topics/. - Broadcasting Paper Topics - Communication Research Ideas - Corporate Communication Questions - Bureaucracy Paper Topics - Crisis Communication Essay Ideas - Dispute Resolution Questions - Public Speaking Research Ideas - Telecommunications Questions Presentations made painless - Get Premium 101 Public Relations Essay Topic Ideas & Examples Inside This Article Public relations is a crucial aspect of any organization's communication strategy. It involves managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public. Writing an essay on public relations can be a challenging task, but with the right topic, it can be an engaging and informative piece of work. To help you get started, here are 101 public relations essay topic ideas and examples: The role of public relations in building a company's brand image Crisis communication strategies in public relations The impact of social media on public relations The importance of transparency in public relations The ethics of public relations Public relations in politics How public relations can help manage a company's reputation The role of public relations in the healthcare industry The use of influencers in public relations campaigns The future of public relations in the digital age Public relations strategies for non-profit organizations The impact of fake news on public relations Public relations in the entertainment industry The role of public relations in corporate social responsibility The relationship between public relations and marketing The role of public relations in employee communication Public relations strategies for small businesses The importance of media relations in public relations Public relations in the sports industry The role of public relations in crisis management The impact of celebrity endorsements on public relations Public relations strategies for startups The role of public relations in government communication The use of storytelling in public relations campaigns The impact of global events on public relations Public relations in the fashion industry The role of public relations in event planning The impact of influencers on public relations Public relations strategies for technology companies The role of public relations in investor relations The impact of employee advocacy on public relations Public relations strategies for universities and colleges The role of public relations in crisis communication The impact of social movements on public relations The role of public relations in managing online reputation Public relations strategies for the hospitality industry The impact of corporate social responsibility on public relations The role of public relations in building customer relationships Public relations in the automotive industry The impact of data analytics on public relations Public relations strategies for healthcare organizations The role of public relations in managing internal communication The impact of influencer marketing on public relations Public relations in the food and beverage industry The role of public relations in crisis prevention The impact of social media influencers on public relations Public relations strategies for e-commerce companies The role of public relations in managing investor relations Public relations in the travel and tourism industry The impact of digital marketing on public relations Public relations strategies for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) The role of public relations in building trust with stakeholders The impact of employee advocacy programs on public relations Public relations in the music industry The role of public relations in managing customer feedback The impact of influencer partnerships on public relations Public relations strategies for financial institutions The role of public relations in managing employee communication Public relations in the gaming industry The impact of social media engagement on public relations Public relations strategies for law firms The role of public relations in managing crisis communication The impact of influencer collaborations on public relations Public relations in the beauty industry The role of public relations in building brand loyalty The impact of employee engagement on public relations Public relations strategies for real estate companies The role of public relations in managing media relations Public relations in the pet industry The impact of influencer endorsements on public relations Public relations strategies for fashion brands The role of public relations in managing customer relationships Public relations in the fitness industry The role of public relations in building community partnerships The impact of influencer sponsorships on public relations Public relations strategies for technology startups The role of public relations in managing brand reputation Public relations in the wellness industry The impact of influencer marketing campaigns on public relations Public relations strategies for healthcare providers The role of public relations in managing internal communications These 101 public relations essay topic ideas and examples can serve as a starting point for your research and writing. Whether you are studying public relations as part of a course or simply interested in the field, there are plenty of interesting and relevant topics to explore. Remember to choose a topic that interests you and that allows you to delve deep into the subject matter. Good luck with your essay writing! Want to create a presentation now? Instantly Create A Deck Let PitchGrade do this for me Hassle Free We will create your text and designs for you. Sit back and relax while we do the work. Explore More Content - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service © 2023 Pitchgrade Home / Essay Samples / Business / Management / Public Relations Public Relations Essay Examples The history and role of public relations throughout time. The concept of public relations is probably as old as human communication itself. Some of the government implemented techniques included things such as speeches, art, and literature; but no one knew to call them public relations. Public relations is the strategic communication process that builds... Functions of Public Relations Practice in Government Public Relations (PR) refers to the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics. It entails building sustainable relationships between an organisation and all its publics in order to create a positive brand image. Public... Application of Attribution Theory in Public Relations A social psychology theory that can be applied to many disciplines is the attribution theory. The attribution theory is the theory of how people explain others' behavior by attributing it to internal dispositions or external situations. There are many different parts that make up this... Role and Impact of Social Media in PR: Taylor Swift The use of social media is one of the best strategies to reach out to potential clients in the music industry. The case presented shows how Taylor Swift uses social media to remain relevant and competitive in the industry. She uses the media differently from... Gender-related Differences of Public Relations Managers There are various journals that have inspected the differences in men and ladies working experience in public relations field. However, there are only few case studies had discovered the perception of difference gender issues. This paper attempts to provide some current information and insight, discusses... The Importance of Public Relations in Business As it states in the book, "Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics". In my own words I would say the main objective of public relations is to maintain a positive reputation of the company... The Use of Public Relations to Promote Government-investor Relations Public relations play a paramount role in an organisation be it private or public. It promotes and aids the realisation of goals set by an organization goals and productivity, PR builds and maintains reputation of any institution that uses it effectively. As the world is... The Rise of Public Relations in India and Its Effect on Society Over Time Promotion means a set of activities devised to increase the reach of the product, brand or service to the general public. The main aim of promotional activities is to attract people and to persuade them to buy the product by making them aware about its... The Role of Ethics in Public Relations and Ethical Film Analysis Ethics in public relations begins with the individual and is directly related to its own value system and to the good of society. This article provides ethics in public relations and learning public relations through film analysis. Evidenced from historical trend, public relations have been... The Influence of Social Media on Public Relations Social media's impact on the practice of public relations has grown exponentially in the past few years, so much to the point that most brands choose to rely heavily on social media and popular figures on social media platforms known as "influencers" to generate attention... Trying to find an excellent essay sample but no results? Don't waste your time and get a professional writer to help! You may also like - Project Management - Human Resources - Product Placement - Comparative Analysis Essays - Total Quality Management Essays - Accounting Essays - Customer Service Essays - Decision Making Essays - Supply Chain Management Essays - Leadership Essays - Outsourcing Essays - Audit Essays - Strategic Management Essays samplius.com uses cookies to offer you the best service possible.By continuing we'll assume you board with our cookie policy .--> -->
Regressive and repressive gender policies are taking hold in many places around the world. Cases in point: anti-feminist presidents in Argentina and Ecuador, the continued crises for women in Afghanistan, even the 1864 anti-abortion law recently revived in Arizona. Kate Gilmore, a former United Nations deputy high commissioner for human rights and a professor-in-practice with the London School of Economics and Political Science spoke about why these types of reproductive and gender-based policies have gained such traction in a recent event at Perry World House (PWH). Gilmore is the 2023-24 Thakore Family Global Justice and Human Rights Visiting Fellow at PWH. She shares this academic year's fellowship—a gift from alumni Hemal N. Mirani and Paritosh V. Thakore—with Philip Alston. The discussion titled "What's Gender Got to Do With it?"—a riff on the Tina Turner hit "What's Love Got to Do With It?"—was moderated by Sarah Banet-Weiser, dean of the Annenberg School for Communication. In introducing Gilmore at the start of the event, Perry World House Professor of Practice of Law and Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein called her "an extraordinary and loud champion of the rights of gender, always thoughtful, strong and funny; loving and caring to those who need her—and that's many of us—and scary to those who oppose her. Above all she's utterly brilliant." Gilmore took to the podium, first leading the audience through a litany of dates, nation states, and sweeping changes and laws that governments around the globe have made targeting gender and gender ideology. She started with 2013, the year Ecuador's president publicly denounced sex education, and ended with last month, when Gambia announced it was considering a repeal of the ban on female genital mutilation. She went on to highlight the ways in which it doesn't add up that world leaders should be promoting these regressive laws, since the data shows that gender equality is a better predictor of peace and prosperity than something like the GDP. When "22 white men hold more wealth than all the women of Africa," people need to look at this topic differently, she said. Gilmore connected the dots of anti-abortion groups from CitizenGO to the World Congress of Families to Citizens United, then painstakingly outlined the movers and shakers who made it their goal to create the U.S. anti-abortion movement as a way to retain power and lure support from a formerly-ignored voting bloc, including Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, former President Ronald Reagan, and activists Phyllis Schlafly and Jerry Falwell. Repressive laws benefit rich, white men, she said. "I tell you this story because I am so troubled we are not asking the right questions," she said. "We've allowed ourselves to be drawn into a polarized debate as if between arguments of equal merit, as if you're either for or against abortion. And I'm saying that is not the right question. The question we have to ask is, who is winning? And who is losing with homophobia, transphobia, and anti-abortionism?" She cited political theorist and feminist writer Cynthia Enloe, who urged those interested in gender equality to be more curious. "'You've got to ask better questions,' she said to us all. What's gender got to do with it? Everything, it seems," Gilmore said. In launching the discussion, Banet-Weiser asked Gilmore to talk about the threat that women's bodies pose. "There's this idea that there is a zero-sum game; if women win, men lose. Period," Banet-Weiser said. "The threat that is posed by this notion of gender equality is something that is not really addressed." Gilmore said she thinks that all humans are insecure in their sexuality and genders. While many struggle describing and discussing these issues, "the science shows us that if we develop these skills, many good things will come from it: better self-esteem, less sexual violence, better sexual health," she said. "So why are we having sex education books removed from the libraries?" Behind gender-based repression is the intention "to preserve and uphold the wealth and privilege of a tiny minority of people," Gilmore said. "What happens to us when we're distracted and divided? We are far easier to fool." Audience questions tackled topics like whether religion is partly to blame for these regressive policies and what are some bright spots in the world where progress has been made. One audience member asked Gilmore's thoughts on whether cisgender women's rights and transgender women's rights are butting up against each other. Gilmore called it a manufactured issue. "There's only one answer," she said. "Each and every one of us—to the exclusion of none of us—is entitled to dignity in identity and intimacy in self-determining what it means to be human. Under human rights, states cannot legitimately declare one identity is better than the other, or that one identity only can be protected from abuse, discrimination, and attack. And that, sadly, is what some of us in the women's movement have been falling for."
Colorado winters are no joke. Get ready with our 8 HVAC essentials to keep your home toasty all season long! Winter in Colorado can be beautiful but bone-chilling. Preparing your HVAC system is your key to a cozy, comfortable season. In this guide, we'll explore the eight essentials that will ensure your home stays warm and welcoming even in the coldest of winters. Before we dive into the specifics, it's essential to create the right ambiance. Dim the lights, light some scented candles, and put on your favorite sweater. Set the stage for a cozy Colorado winter that starts from the moment you walk in the door. Your HVAC system is the backbone of your home's winter comfort. Neglecting its care can lead to chilly days and high energy bills. That's why preparing your HVAC system is crucial to make your winter not only bearable but enjoyable. A thorough HVAC system inspection is like a wellness check for your home's heating. It ensures that your system is in top-notch condition, ready to tackle the coldest days with ease. Hiring a professional HVAC technician is often the best choice. They have the expertise to catch issues that might go unnoticed during a DIY inspection. A pro will inspect your system's components, clean and lubricate moving parts, and make necessary repairs. If you're a hands-on homeowner, there are some steps you can take to inspect your HVAC system yourself. This includes checking for visible damage, unusual sounds, and ensuring your thermostat is functioning correctly. However, always consult a professional for a comprehensive assessment. Your furnace is the workhorse of winter heating. A well-tuned furnace operates efficiently, providing reliable warmth. Regular maintenance ensures it runs smoothly, without sudden breakdowns or costly energy waste. Regularly changing your furnace's air filters is a small task that delivers big results. Clean filters promote better airflow, reducing strain on your system and improving indoor air quality. Furnace components like burners, igniters, and blower fans need regular inspection and maintenance. A well-maintained system is not only more energy-efficient but also safer. Drafty windows and doors can sabotage your home's warmth. Seal gaps with weatherstripping, caulk, or door sweeps. Don't forget to inspect your attic and basement for drafts as well. Proper insulation is a game-changer in retaining heat. Consider insulating your windows with thermal curtains and your doors with draft stoppers. These simple solutions can make a significant difference. To optimize your HVAC system's efficiency, ensure your home is well-insulated. This includes insulating walls, attics, and floors. An adequately insulated home retains heat better, lowering your energy bills. A programmable thermostat allows you to set temperatures based on your schedule. Lower the temperature when you're away or sleeping, and raise it when you're home and awake. This strategy saves energy and money. For comfort and efficiency, aim for an indoor temperature between 68-72 degrees Fahrenheit when you're home and awake. Lower it when you're asleep or away. Smart thermostats take control to the next level. They can learn your preferences, be controlled remotely, and provide energy usage reports. Investing in a smart thermostat is a step towards modern comfort and convenience. Maintaining proper indoor humidity is vital for comfort and health. In winter, indoor air tends to be dry due to heating systems. Balanced humidity levels help prevent dry skin, sore throats, and even protect your wooden furniture. Use a hygrometer to measure indoor humidity. Aim for a level between 30-50%. If it's too low, consider using humidifiers, and if it's too high, use dehumidifiers to find the sweet spot. Humidifiers add moisture to dry indoor air, while dehumidifiers remove excess moisture. Both can be valuable tools in maintaining a comfortable and healthy home environment. Winter often means closed windows and doors. To ensure that the air you breathe indoors is clean and healthy, focus on air quality management. Proper ventilation, such as using exhaust fans, helps remove indoor air pollutants. Additionally, consider high-efficiency air filters to trap dust, allergens, and other particles. Winter allergies are real. Dust mites, pet dander, and mold can trigger discomfort. Regular cleaning, vacuuming, and using allergen-resistant covers can make a significant difference. Even with the best preparations, HVAC systems can sometimes fail. Know how to address common issues like loss of heat and seek professional assistance promptly. Power outages can leave you without heating. Have a backup plan, such as portable heaters or a generator, and ensure you have access to warm blankets and clothing. Space heaters, heated blankets, and thermal sleeping bags can provide temporary relief in case of an HVAC system failure. Wintertime energy bills can be a burden. Implement energy-saving practices like setting your thermostat efficiently, using zone heating, and closing unused vents. Consider investing in energy-efficient HVAC upgrades, such as high-efficiency furnaces and heat pumps, to reduce long-term energy consumption. Energy efficiency doesn't mean sacrificing comfort. Modern HVAC systems offer a perfect balance between warmth and cost savings. Learn to seal drafts, insulate, and perform minor maintenance tasks to keep your home cozy without breaking the bank. Routine cleaning and maintenance of your HVAC system, like changing filters and lubricating moving parts, are essential for optimal performance. Stay vigilant for signs of HVAC issues and address them promptly. Some problems can be easily solved, while others may require professional intervention. Embrace Colorado's winter confidently, knowing that your well-prepared HVAC system will keep you warm and comfortable. By ensuring your HVAC system is in top shape, practicing energy efficiency, and being prepared for any situation, you can enjoy a winter filled with warmth and coziness. If you have any heating or HVAC needs, don't hesitate to reach out. Follow us on our social media links below to stay updated on the latest in home comfort, and feel free to send us a message or give us a call.
Understanding Toilet Tank Bolt Leaks Identifying the Problem When it comes to troubleshooting toilet leaks, one of the most common culprits is a faulty tank bolt. These bolts secure the tank to the bowl, and if they become loose or deteriorate over time, they can cause water to leak from the tank into the bowl or onto the floor. Identifying the problem early is key to preventing further damage and costly repairs. Gathering the Necessary Tools Before diving into the repair process, it's important to gather the necessary tools and materials. You'll typically need an adjustable wrench, screwdriver, pliers, and a replacement tank bolt kit, which can be found at most hardware stores. Having everything on hand will streamline the repair process and ensure that you're prepared for any unexpected challenges that may arise. Shutting Off the Water Supply Before attempting any repairs, it's essential to shut off the water supply to the toilet to prevent any further leaks or flooding. Locate the shut-off valve, which is typically located behind or near the toilet, and turn it clockwise until the water flow stops. Flushing the toilet once or twice will help drain any remaining water from the tank and bowl, making it easier to work on. Removing the Tank Lid With the water supply shut off, carefully remove the tank lid and set it aside in a safe place. Inspect the interior of the tank for any visible signs of damage or corrosion, paying close attention to the area around the tank bolts. If you notice any cracks, rust, or deterioration, it may be time to replace the tank bolts and washers to prevent further leaks. Inspecting the Tank Bolts and Washers Next, inspect the tank bolts and washers for signs of wear or damage. Oftentimes, leaks occur when the washers become worn out or deteriorate over time, allowing water to seep through. If the bolts are loose or the washers are cracked, it's essential to replace them to ensure a tight seal and prevent future leaks. Replacing the Tank Bolts and Washers To replace the tank bolts and washers, start by loosening the nuts located on the underside of the tank using an adjustable wrench or pliers. Once the nuts are removed, carefully lift the tank off of the bowl and set it aside. Remove the old bolts and washers, and replace them with the new ones included in the replacement kit. Tighten the nuts securely to ensure a watertight seal. Reattaching the Tank to the Bowl With the new tank bolts and washers in place, carefully lower the tank back onto the bowl, making sure to align the bolts with the corresponding holes in the bowl. Once the tank is in position, reattach the nuts to the bolts and tighten them securely using an adjustable wrench or pliers. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can cause damage to the tank or bowl. Testing for Leaks With the tank securely reattached to the bowl, turn the water supply back on and allow the tank to fill. Once the tank is full, flush the toilet several times and check for any signs of leaks around the tank bolts and washers. If you notice any leaks, tighten the nuts further or replace the bolts and washers again as needed until the leaks are resolved. Replacing the Tank Lid and Restoring Water Supply Once you're confident that the leaks have been resolved, carefully replace the tank lid and restore the water supply by turning the shut-off valve counterclockwise. Flush the toilet again to ensure that everything is functioning properly, and monitor for any signs of leaks over the next few days to confirm that the repair was successful. Read more about toilet leaking from tank bolts
As we navigate the ever-evolving technological arena, small businesses find themselves poised to harness the transformative power of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This realm of technology, once the preserve of large corporations with seemingly unlimited resources, has now become affordable and accessible for smaller enterprises. In this piece, we'll delve into the manifold ways small businesses can tap into AI's potential to secure a competitive advantage in their respective markets. Comprehending AI and its Boundless Potential Prior to examining the practical implications of AI in small business environments, it is crucial to understand the concept of AI. Defined broadly, AI represents the simulation of human intellect in machines, programmed to conduct tasks without explicit instructions. These tasks often include intricate data analysis, pattern recognition, and decision-making. Due to developments in machine learning and deep learning algorithms, AI possesses the capability to learn from data and enhance its performance over time. AI is radically reshaping business operations by enabling the following: - Automating Routine Tasks: Small businesses can conserve valuable time and resources by automating repetitive tasks, such as data entry, inventory management, and customer support. For instance, AI-powered chatbots can handle customer queries and deliver immediate responses, thus freeing up human resources for more strategic roles. - Extracting Actionable Insights: AI can analyze large data volumes and distil crucial insights to inform business decisions. By examining customer behaviors, market trends, and competitive strategies, small businesses can make data-driven decisions to optimize operations, enhance products/services, and discover new market opportunities. - Personalizing Customer Experiences: AI algorithms can scrutinize customer data to tailor marketing campaigns, suggestions, and customer service interactions. By customizing offerings to individual preferences, small businesses can boost customer satisfaction and loyalty, leading to increased sales and customer retention. - Enhancing Productivity and Efficiency: AI-powered tools and software can automate workflows, enhance efficiency, and decrease errors. From project management and task allocation to predictive maintenance and quality control, AI can streamline processes, resulting in cost savings and improved productivity. Implementing AI in Your Small Business Having established AI's potential benefits, let's examine how small businesses can practically apply AI solutions to catalyze growth and innovation. - Identify Areas for AI Integration: Begin by pinpointing areas within your business operations where AI could have a significant impact. Focus on tasks that are time-consuming, prone to errors, or require complex data analysis. - Choose Appropriate AI Tools and Platforms: Upon identifying the areas for AI integration, research and select suitable AI tools and platforms aligned with your business needs. Plenty of ready-to-use AI solutions are available, catering to different business needs. - Prepare and Organize Your Data: AI algorithms depend on high-quality data for precise predictions and insights. Your data should be clean, organized, and ready for AI analysis. This may involve data cleaning, standardization, and integration from multiple sources. - Begin with Pilot Projects: Implementing AI across your entire business may be daunting and resource-intensive. Start with smaller pilot projects to test and validate AI solutions in real-world situations. - Embrace Automation and Augmentation: AI aims to augment human capabilities, not replace them. Identify tasks that can be automated to save time and reduce errors. - Invest in Employee Training: As you incorporate AI into your business, invest in training your employees to work efficiently with AI technologies. Provide opportunities for upskilling and reskilling to ensure your workforce understands how to utilize AI tools and platforms. - Monitor and Evaluate Performance: Consistently monitor and assess the performance of your AI systems. Collect feedback from employees and customers to identify areas for improvement. - Stay Abreast of AI Advancements: The AI landscape is rapidly evolving. Keep up-to-date with the latest AI advancements relevant to your industry to identify new opportunities for AI integration. In Conclusion Incorporating AI into your small business can unlock a plethora of opportunities for growth, efficiency, and innovation. By automating tasks, generating insights, personalizing customer experiences, and enhancing productivity, small businesses can compete with larger market players. Harness AI's power, identify the optimal areas for implementation, and leverage the available tools and platforms to propel your small business into the future. Stay adaptable, keep learning, and embrace the potential that AI holds for your business success.

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