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Why Pneumatic Tool Oil Is Important Figure 1: Air lubricator Pneumatic tool oil lubricates and maintains pneumatic equipment. The oil reduces the friction between moving components and prevents rust buildup, o-ring breakdown, and moisture buildup within the tool. Tools driven by compressed air, such as a paint sprayer, nail gun, air hammer, or impact wrench, use pneumatic tool oil to lubricate their parts. Table of contents - Oil for pneumatic tools - When to add pneumatic tool oil? - Other equipment needed with pneumatic tool oil - Micro fog vs oil fog lubricator - Do all pneumatic tools need oil? - Pneumatic tool oil selection criteria - Common applications - FAQs View our online selections of lubricating oils and FRL systems! Oil for pneumatic tools There are different kinds of oil. Petroleum-based hydraulic fluid transfers energy from one component to another. Pneumatic tool oils, which are mineral-based or synthetic, differ from other oils. It has a low viscosity; the oil is easily atomized and transported throughout the tool by compressed air. As the oil is either synthetic or mineral-based, it does not leave behind the sticky buildup found with petroleum-based oils. While mineral-based and synthetic oils are suitable for lubricating pneumatic systems, it may be worth using one over the other, depending on the application. For example, mineral-based oils are commonly used in small residential applications, whereas synthetic oils are used in industries. Read our lubrication guide for more details on the types and functions of lubricants. Mineral-based pneumatic tool oil Mineral-based oil is the most common and standard oil type. However, it is more volatile, meaning it will evaporate more quickly; this increases the total amount of oil necessary. Mineral-based pneumatic tool oil is also more reactive and tends to react with other materials and clump up, thus shortening the tool's life span. Synthetic-based pneumatic tool oil Synthetic-based oil is more expensive than standard oil. It has a higher performance, allowing the air tool to last up to 50% longer by reducing friction. In addition, it will not gum up inside the tools like mineral-based oil. When to add pneumatic tool oil? Adding pneumatic tool oil to air tools is essential in maintaining the equipment. The best way to determine the quantity of the oil is to read the pneumatic tools manufacturer's recommendations. - Add oil to the tools at regular intervals, for example, daily or weekly. - Another factor determining the frequency of oiling is how often the tool is used. A tool that has frequent use will require more oil. A helpful tip is to add oil throughout the day, as waiting till the end of the day may risk the tool running low on oil and eventually damaging it. Read our article on pneumatic tool oiling for more information on how and when to oil pneumatic tools. Other equipment needed with pneumatic tool oil Figure 2: A filter, regulator, and lubricator unit. The equipment necessary to add oil to the pneumatic tools can vary between tools, so refer to the user manual to confirm the oil type and quantity. Most of these products release the oil slowly. This can be helpful as having too much oil or too little oil could damage the tools. - Toolless option: Add a few drops of oil to the tool's air inlet, allowing the compressed air to distribute the oil. - Oil reservoir: Certain air tools contain an oil reservoir that may need a screwdriver or hex wrenches to access. Air tool oiler: An air tool oiler attaches to the air line right before the tool's air inlet. It contains air tool lubricant, distributed as air passes through the oiler. Figure 1 shows an air tool oiler. - Note: This device is at the tool end of the air system and not at the compressor side of the system. An air system may run off of only one compressor, and different tools or components may have different oil requirements. - Lubricator: A lubricator fits in the air line before the equipment downstream, which requires lubrication. As with the air tool oiler, it is necessary to ensure that all downstream equipment requires the same type and amount of oil. Lubricators release a controlled mist of oil into the compressed air. The drip rate (oil-fog or micro-fog) depends on the amount of oil needed for the tool. - FRL: An FRL (Filter, Regulator, Lubricator) unit (Figure 2) lubricates the air tool like the oiler or lubricator. An FRL also contains an air filter to prevent dirt and dust from entering the tool and uses a regulator to maintain the required pressure for the tool. Micro fog vs oil fog lubricator A lubricator is a device in the air line that provides oil to the tool. There are two types of lubricators, an oil fog lubricator and the micro fog lubricator. Oil fog lubricator An oil fog lubricator is the most common type of air line lubricator. The oil fog lubricator adds oil droplets directly to the airflow. This allows relatively large droplets to pass downstream. This lubricator type is beneficial when the equipment requires more oil, such as equipment that moves slower, requires the oil to move a relatively short distance, or has a large bore. Micro fog lubricator In a micro fogger, the oil droplets in the reservoir atomize and sit above the oil droplets. This mist of oil moves into the airflow and heads downstream. This type of lubricator is ideal for more complex equipment, such as equipment with valves, manifolds, or air that travels a further distance due to the smaller and lighter size particles. Figure 3: A micro fog lubricator Do all pneumatic tools need oil? Whether or not a tool needs pneumatic tool oil depends on the tool and its driving mechanism. A tool not driven by air does not need pneumatic tool oil. However, there is an exception; some pneumatic tools, such as oil-free nail guns used in wood finishing work, are manufactured to be oilless. The best way to determine if the tool needs oil is to refer to the owner's manual and check to see if your tool is oilless or not. Pneumatic tool oil selection criteria Selecting a pneumatic tool lubricant requires considering several factors. - Temperature: The air tool oil should rate for use at the temperature of operation. - Condensation: Condensation is due to the outside temperature or compressed air being heated and cooled rapidly. It is crucial to choose an oil that can handle condensation. Read our article about condensate drain valves to learn more about condensation in a pneumatic system. Additives: Additives assist with improving the performance of the oil and thus protecting the equipment better. Some common additives are: - Anti-oxidants (such as zinc dithiophosphates) that combat sludge build-up and rust prevention - Anti-foaming agents (such as silicone polymers) that weaken the oil bubble wall causing the bubble to burst - Mineral or synthetic: Depending on the tool's usage frequency, it may be worth looking into these two options. If the tool is rarely used, it may be better to use mineral-based oil as it is cheaper. For tools working daily, it may be worth looking into the additional performance of synthetic base oils. Common applications All air-driven tools that do not operate oil-free require pneumatic tool oil for maintenance. Air tool oil is applicable in devices such as axial grinders, impact wrenches, pneumatic screwdrivers, air nail guns, pneumatic blowers, air cylinders, angle grinders, pneumatic sanders, and pneumatic rivet guns. Figure 4: Pneumatic tools from left to right: axial grinder, impact wrench, pneumatic screwdriver, angle grinder, pneumatic sander What oil do you use to lubricate air (pneumatic) tools? Mineral oil that contains anti-foaming and anti-gumming additives work best in air tools. What's the best oil for air tools? Mineral and synthetic-based oils are considered the best oil for air tools. Can I use WD40 as an alternative to air tool oil? No, WD40 is not an air tool oil substitute. Pneumatic tools require oil specifically designed for these types of tools. What is air tool oil? An air tool oil lubricates the parts of air-powered tools and maintains them properly.
A significant heritage restoration project has begun at one of Manchester's landmark museums. The Science and Industry Museum in Castlefield, sits on the site of the world's oldest surviving passenger railway station at the heart of the world's first industrial city. Essential repair work is now taking place to restore its iconic 1830 Viaduct and the gantry connected to the Power Hall, a piece of once cutting-edge technology that shows how the historic station was transformed into a busy goods depot. Both structures are long-standing symbols of Manchester's industrial past. The 1830 Viaduct is in need of essential repairs to reverse historic water ingress and protect it from predicted increase in rainfall, while the gantry requires old paint to be stripped, rust removed and areas impacted by water damage, repaired. This next stage of conservation work is part of a multi-million-pound restoration programme taking place across the Science and Industry Museum's globally significant site. Visitors will be able to see engineering in action as scaffolding is erected around the gantry to enable much-needed repair and conservation works. Innovative waterproofing solutions are also being put in place across the 1830 Viaduct to futureproof it for years to come. These works have been made possible by the museum's current £14.2 million worth of national capital funding by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to complete urgent repairs across New Warehouse, the gantry and the 1830 Viaduct. The Science and Industry Museum celebrates ideas that change the world, from the Industrial Revolution to today and beyond. It's uniquely placed to tell this story – on the site of the world's oldest surviving passenger railway (formerly known as Liverpool Road Station), in the heart of the world's first industrial city. The 1830 Viaduct is part of the site's original railway station, which opened in September 1830. Liverpool Road Station was the Manchester terminus of the world's first inter-urban railway, which connected industrial Manchester with Liverpool's docks. The railway's engineer, George Stephenson, designed the Viaduct to solve the problem of Liverpool Road's sloping land, creating a flat upper level to support the railway tracks. Mostly hidden by the station's buildings, the Viaduct runs from the middle of the Power Hall out towards Water Street. Together with the1830 Station, it makes up the most complete surviving early railway station complex in the world and serves as a tangible reminder of Manchester's key role in the Industrial Revolution. The gantry was built during the 1880s. It supported travelling cranes that moved heavy goods from one wagon to another. This was cutting-edge technology at the time and was designed to help workers handle the loads coming on and off the railway. Sally MacDonald, director of the Science and Industry Museum, said: "We are so excited that another stage of the site's multi-million-pound restoration project is underway. The gantry is an iconic structure in Castlefield's skyline and we're looking forward to repairing and restoring it for generations to come. The 1830 Viaduct also plays such an important part in telling the story of our historic site in connecting Manchester with the wider world. "This work may cause some disruption which we will try to keep to a minimum, but we hope visitors continue to enjoy visiting the museum where they can see live engineering and innovation in action as we continue to care for our historic site." The restoration work is expected to be complete by Spring 2025 when the museum also plans to reopen its iconic Power Hall. The museum will remain open throughout and is available for evening events in the Revolution Manchester Gallery and in the 1830 Warehouse across 2024 and 2025.
Figuring out your anxiety and how it can be managed in a healthier way is one of the most frequently asked questions on Google and also in the therapy room, so without further ado, let's just get straight to it. What is Anxiety? Anxiety is a natural response to stress or perceived threats, often characterised by feelings of apprehension, worry and nervousness. While occasional anxiety is a normal part of life, chronic or excessive anxiety can significantly impact your daily functioning and overall wellbeing. The biology behind anxiety At its core, anxiety involves complex interactions within the brain and body. The amygdala, a small almond-shaped structure in the brain, plays a central role in processing emotions, including fear and anxiety. When faced with a perceived threat, the amygdala triggers the body's "fight or flight" response, releasing stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones prepare the body to react quickly to danger by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and sharpening focus. In individuals who experience chronic anxiety, this response can become dysregulated, leading to prolonged feelings of anxiety even in non-threatening situations. Factors such as genetics, brain chemistry, traumatic experiences and environmental stressors can all contribute to the development of chronic anxiety. It may seem trivial but simply reminding yourself that anxiety is a natural response and thinking about what's going on in your nervous system and how that's affecting your physical sensations, may help to bring your thoughts away from the irrational worry and ground you in the moment. This diagram taken from Veronica Walsh's post on CBT, highlights what can happen when we are constantly exposed to stress and our brain function becomes dysregulated. It is suggested that the connection between the Hippocampus and Amygdala intensifies turning on the threat response whilst the connection between the Prefrontal Cortex and our Hippocampus weakens, meaning we are less able to rationalise our thoughts. Common Symptoms of Anxiety Anxiety can manifest in a multitude of symptoms, both physical and psychological. Some of the most common symptoms you're probably aware of include: Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Muscle tension Trembling or shaking Upset stomach or gut issues Excessive worrying Difficulty concentrating Trouble sleeping Fatigue or tiredness However, if you've ever experienced: Heart palpitations - feeling as though your heart is pounding, fluttering or skipping a beat Excessive yawning Feeling as though you can't catch your breath Jaw pain Skin rashes / chronic itching These can also be signs of anxiety caused by stress in the body, that can sometimes go unnoticed or unrecognised. It's important to note that anxiety symptoms can vary widely among individuals and may fluctuate in intensity over time. Why do you feel anxious? Anxiety can feel so debilitating and because we all cope with it in different ways, it can be very hard to understand what's 'normal'. Rather than comparing ourselves to others, it is more helpful to dig deeper into what's normal for you - how long have you felt the way you do currently? What impact is it having for you? What helps or hinders your anxiety? These are all questions we can consider when trying to identify triggers, so that we know how to better manage our symptoms. Common triggers may include: Stressful Life Events: Major life changes such as moving, starting a new job, or experiencing loss can trigger feelings of anxiety Traumatic Experiences: Past traumas or negative experiences can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders, making them more susceptible to experiencing anxiety Environmental Factors: Factors such as excessive noise, overcrowding, or financial pressures can exacerbate feelings of anxiety It can be really uncomfortable to sit with some of these thoughts and feelings especially when we are so used to pushing away difficult emotions, so don't face this alone if you do not feel able. If you are struggling and would like to know whether counselling could help, feel free to get in touch with me and book a free consultation. By understanding the biology, symptoms and triggers of our anxiety, we can take proactive steps to create healthier coping strategies and improve our overall wellbeing. Remember, you are not your anxiety, you are so much more. **Polite reminder: I am not a medical professional, the information in my blog posts is purely from my own experiences, learnt knowledge and wider resources, if you are seriously worried about anything mentioned please get in touch with your GP.
Patients infected with COVID-19 often lose their sense of smell or taste, or both, particularly if their symptoms are mild. While research has focused on the causes of COVID-19 patients' lung infections, the causes of neurological symptoms have remained unknown. Researchers have now elucidated the mechanisms underlying the loss of smell (anosmia) in SARS-CoV-2 patients at various stages of the disease. This article was published in Science Translational Medicine under title "COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters." SARS-CoV-2 induces loss of cilia in the nasal lining. [Source: Pierre-Marie Lledo/Institute Pasteur]. Scientists from the Institute Pasteur, CNRS, Inserm, University of Paris, and Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris examined the nasal linings of 11 COVID-19 patients who reported a loss of smell and found SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and inflammation in several cell types in the lining of the nasal cavity (olfactory neuroepithelium), including sensory neuron cells. SARS-CoV-2 infects and multiplies in the olfactory epithelium of hamsters and in individuals with COVID-19 for several months after infection, according to the researchers. Golden Syrian hamsters contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 lose their sense of smell, according to the team led by Pierre-Marie Lledo, PhD. This is linked to virus spread in the nasal mucosa and central nervous system, as well as persistent inflammation. The authors discovered SARS-CoV-2 presence in the nasal mucosa in four patients who experienced chronic loss of smell, even though the virus RNA could not be identified in nasopharyngeal swabs using routine diagnostic RT-qPCR. Because of this surprising discovery, the authors propose that nasal brushing may be used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 in patients who have lost their sense of smell, in addition to nasopharyngeal swabbing for PCR research. In chronological order, the analysis showed the step-by-step process of COVID-19-related loss of smell. The cilia on the surface of sensory neurons vanish when they are infected with a virus. Cilia are slender extensions of the cell's bounding membrane that lock onto odorant molecules and are the first step in smelling. The researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can survive in human nasal sensory neurons for several months after the disease symptoms have subsided. The nasal epithelium is a flattened cell bed with a well-organized structure that allows us to smell. SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts the nasal epithelium's structure by inducing programmed cell death, according to the authors (apoptosis). The authors added, "We also discovered that this inflammatory process that occurs in the nasal cavity extends to the olfactory bulb." The first cerebral relay station of the olfactory system is the olfactory bulb. These results are in line with previous research on COVID-19 patients who died with inflammatory signatures such as microgliosis in the olfactory bulb. SARs-CoV-2 infection of nasal sensory neurons and subsequent infection of the olfactory bulb, according to the authors, serves as a gateway for the virus's entry into more distant parts of the brain, such as the brainstem and cerebral cortex, through a mechanism known as "retrograde invasion." "The results we obtained are clinically important in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, since olfactory function loss could be regarded as a sensitive sign of recurrent viral infection, and should be considered in-patient management," the researchers wrote.
Polyisocyanates are especially usefull in human health applications. However, these applications are of course very strict and should enhance human health instead of affecting it. For biomedical applications it is important using a very high purity product in order to exclude toxic impurities, starting materials, or catalytic reagents. [1] Furhtermore the used materials should not release any toxic products upon degradation. The next table gives an overiew of hard segment monomeric isocyanates and their products created when degrading. Monomer \| Chemical structure \| Degradation remarks \| Reference \| (butane diisocyanate) \| Results in putrescine, a naturally occuring product which enhances cell growth and differentiation. This effect is advantageous for tissue engineering, regeneration, and other biomedical applications \| [2] \| \| (hexamethylene diisocyanate) \| Upon degradation diamines are released, a product which is noted to be toxic for several human organs such as the liver and kidney. \| [3] \| \| (Isophorone diisocyanate) \| The degradtion product of IPDI is less toxic than aromatic isocayanates. \| [3] \| \| (lysine diisocyanate) \| Upon degradation LDI would degrade into lysine, a non-toxic by-product. \| [3] \| \| (methylenebis (phenyl isosocyanate)) \| Toxic aromatic diamine degradation products \| [3] \| \| (toluene diisocyanate) \| Like other other aromatic diisocyanates TDI has been noted to release aromatic diamines, a toxic degradation product known to stimulate carcigogenesis and mutagenesis. \| [4] \| Reference table [1] Severian Dumitriu, Valentin I. Popa, CRC Press, 2013, Pylermic biomaterials: structure and function, Volume 1. [2] J. Guan, M. S. Sacks, E. J. Beckman, and W. R. Wagner, Biomaterials 2004, 25, 85 [3] Cooper, S. L., & Guan, J. (2016). Advances in polyurethane biomaterials. Duxford: Woodhead Publishing. [4] Jeffrey O. Hollinger, 2005, CRC Press, An introduction to biomaterials.
Hexaware Strengthens Data Capabilities with Acquisition of Softcrylic. Know More This website uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies Digital & Software Solutions September 14, 2023 In today's technological landscape, innovation isn't just an advantage; it's a requirement. One of the most promising disruptors in this space is Generative AI. But have you ever considered using AI for crafting product roadmaps, creating user personas, or even generating Agile user stories? If not, this blog post is for you. What the Experts Say Traditional product roadmapping has often relied on the collation of extensive market research, user feedback, and a series of iterative discussions among the product team. While this approach is still valid, Generative AI can add a layer of data-driven suggestions based on a wider dataset than a human could easily manage. How it Works Through machine learning algorithms, AI can analyze user feedback, competitor landscapes, and current market trends. It can then generate roadmap suggestions, identifying possible short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals. Once these milestones are established, product managers can work on refining the generated roadmaps, giving them a head start in the planning phase. Here is an example expanding on the new healthcare app vision that we started in the previous blog: Prompt: "Help me create a product roadmap for this product. Please write in the English language." Certainly! A product roadmap is a strategic document that outlines the vision, direction, and progress of a product over time. For your health center's mobile application, I'll draft a high-level product roadmap based on the information provided. Let's break this down into short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals: Given the myriad of potential features, prioritization will be key. Here's a recommendation: Remember, a roadmap is a dynamic document. It should be revisited and revised as you gather more data, feedback, and as market conditions evolve. AI can contribute to planning for scalability. If you remember our health center app example, it aimed to grow into mental health features over time. AI can identify similar existing solutions in the market and analyze their scaling timelines to provide a recommended scaling strategy. This is an area that we believe holds significant promise to provide input into user story prioritization, validation, and creation. Typically, creating user personas involves user interviews, surveys, and market segmentation. However, Generative AI can quickly analyze extensive datasets containing user behaviors, preferences, and demographics to generate user personas. These personas can be used as starting points that are later refined through human interpretation and qualitative research. For instance, if you aim to create a health app, AI can generate personas that will most likely use your app—like "Eager Emily," a 24-year-old fitness newbie or "Corporate Carl," a 35-year-old busy professional. These AI-crafted personas can save enormous amounts of time by offering a comprehensive overview of user types based on real-world data. Here is my output from asking ChatGPT to help create 5 personas for our healthcare example: Absolutely, personas are essential in UX design as they help in understanding the users' needs, experiences, behaviors, and goals. Since your health center's mobile application aims to offer a highly personalized and community-oriented experience, the following five personas can capture a broad yet nuanced view of your potential user base: Key Features Relevant for Emily: Key Features Relevant for Carl: Key Features Relevant for Maya: Key Features Relevant for Chris: Key Features Relevant for Olivia: While not perfect, I hope you would agree that this content gives product owners and designers a significant head start in defining key user types for this kind of application. Agile and AI: A Perfect Pair Agile relies on quick iterations and rapid adaptation to change. AI can complement this approach by automating the generation of Agile user stories and acceptance criteria based on the product roadmap and user personas. Take a look at this output from asking ChatGPT to create user stories for creating a profile for our healthcare app: User Story 1: Basic User Profile Creation As a new user, I want to be able to create a basic profile with my essential information, So that I can have personalized experiences in the app. Acceptance Criteria: User Story 2: Profile Picture Upload As a registered user, I want to upload a profile picture, So that I can make my profile more personalized. Acceptance Criteria: User Story 3: Health History Input As a registered user, I want to add details about my health history, So that the app can offer me more tailored fitness and nutrition plans. Acceptance Criteria: User Story 4: Personal Preferences Setting As a registered user, I want to set my workout and content preferences, So that I can receive recommendations that suit my tastes and needs. Acceptance Criteria: User Story 5: Profile Privacy Settings As a registered user, I want to control who can see my profile and activity, So that I can maintain my privacy within the community. Acceptance Criteria: Each of these user stories can be further broken down into tasks to be completed by your development team. This approach keeps the development process agile, facilitating quick iterations and allowing the team to adapt to changes and feedback effectively. Generative AI algorithms can review the planned features on the roadmap, consider the needs of each user persona, and then generate a set of user stories with associated acceptance criteria. For example, our AI could generate a user story for "Eager Emily" that would focus on enabling a beginner-friendly fitness journey, complete with acceptance criteria like a guided tour and a selection of beginner workouts. While Generative AI's role in product development is still an evolving field, the potential is enormous. Not only can it significantly accelerate the development process, but it can also introduce data-driven methodologies that can vastly improve the final product. By incorporating AI in crafting product roadmaps, user personas, and Agile user stories, we're not just keeping up with technological trends; we're leveraging them to create better, more user-centric products. However, it's important to remember that the human element—your intuition, empathy, and understanding of your user's needs—cannot and should not be fully replaced by AI. Consider Generative AI as a tool in your toolbox, one that you can wield to augment your capabilities, rather than replace them. So, are you ready to let AI guide your next product development cycle? With the rapid advancements in machine learning and AI technologies, this concept is fast becoming our reality. About the Author Neil Fox Neil's background contains more than 35 years of technology leadership. The first chapter of Neil's career was spent in software commercial product development companies including TRW, MRI, Lawson Software, and Red Hat. For the past 15 years, Neil has served as CTO and Chief Innovation officer for several IT services firms. During this time, he has led technology strategy, adoption and culture change for some of the world-leading enterprise organizations. He is seen as a thought leader and partner to Hexaware's leading clients. Read more Every outcome starts with a conversation
Offered by Galerie Sismann Thanks to the patronage of the ducal family and its court, sculpture experienced a veritable golden age in the Bourbonnais at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance. This very beautiful Virgin and Child carved in walnut is a moving testimony to this. Marked by her high rounded forehead, her very elongated half-moon eyes surmounted by faded eyebrow arches, and by her slender mouth with a melancholy pout, Marie's face, presents all the characteristics and the delicacy of the particular features of the Bourbonnais corpus, observable among others on the Virgin of the famous group of the Education of the Child, dated around 1500 and preserved in the Louvre museum (RF 2763). However, it is a monumental Virgin and Child in painted wood preserved in the small chapel of the Desert of Saint-Alban-les-Eaux which offers the most striking comparison with our sculpture. Despite a few minor deviations in the treatment of the hair of the Virgin and of Christ, or even in the neckline of Mary's dress, this sculpture dating from the beginning of the 16th century offers itself as the perfect reflection of our work, which make us think that both could have been made by the same workshop or even the same sculptor. On these two works, Jesus pulls a section of Mary's veil with his left hand, highlighting this symbolic attribute of the Virgin. This gesture finds a certain echo within the famous group of the Virgin of Ivoy-le-Pré (1520, MBA of Tours), attesting to the close links that the sculpture of Bourbonnais maintains with that of the Loire Valley, demonstrating once again the essential role that the river played at the time in the dissemination of artistic forms and modes, but also in the movement of artists.
When your startup disk is full-on MacBook or iMac, you may be prompted with a message like this, which asks you to delete some files to make more space available on your startup-up disk. At this point, how to free up storage on a Mac can be a problem. How to check the files taking up a large amount of space? What files can be cleared to free up space and how to remove them? If these are the questions you are asking, this article is bound to answer them in detail and solve your problem. How to Check Storage on Mac Wait a minute before you are going to free up your Mac space. It's important to check what's taking up space on your Mac. It is very easy to find them out. Just go to the Apple menu on your computer and go to About This Mac > Storage. Then you will see an overview of the free space as well as the occupied space. The storage is divided into different categories: Apps, Documents, Systems, Other, or the undescriptive category – Purgeable, and so on. Looking at the category names, some are intuitive, but some of them like other storage and purgeable storage are likely to make you confused. And they usually take up a large amount of storage. What on earth do they include? Here's a brief introduction: What is Other Storage on Mac? The "Other" category is always seen in macOS X El Capitan or earlier. All the files that are not categorized as any other category would be saved in the Other category. For example, the disk images or archives, plug-ins, documents, and caches would be recognized as Other. Similarly, you may see other volumes in containers in macOS High Sierra. What is Purgeable Storage on a Mac? "Purgeable" is one of the storage categories on Mac computers with macOS Sierra. When you enable the Optimize Mac Storage feature, you may probably find a category called Purgeable, which stores the files that will move to iCloud when storage space is needed, and the caches and temporary files are also included. They are noted to be the files that can be purged when there is a need for free storage space on a Mac. To know more about them, click How to Get Rid of Purgeable Storage on Mac to see. Now that you have figured out what has taken up much space on your Mac, keep it in mind, and let's begin to manage your Mac Storage. How to Free up Space on Mac Actually, there are a number of ways to free up space and manage your Mac storage. Focusing on different situations and different types of files, here we will introduce 8 ways to free up Mac storage, from the easiest ways to the ones that require some time and effort. Free up Space with a Reliable Tool Dealing with a big chunk of unneeded and junk files is often bothersome and time-consuming. Also, freeing up Mac storage manually may leave out some files that certainly can be deleted. So, it's great to manage Mac storage with the help of a reliable and powerful third-party tool, and can be the easiest way to free up storage on Mac. MobePas Mac Cleaner is an all-in-one Mac storage management app that aims to keep your Mac in its new status. It provides a variety of scanning modes for you to manage all kinds of data effectively, including the Smart Scan mode to remove caches, the Large & Old Files mode to clear unused files in large sizes, the Uninstaller to completely delete apps with their leftovers, the Duplicate Finder to locate your duplicate files, etc. The usage of this Mac cleaning software is also very easy. Below is a brief instruction: Step 1. Free Download and Launch MobePas Mac Cleaner. Step 2. Choose a scan mode and the specific files you want to scan (if provided), and then click "Scan". Here we will take Smart Scan as an example. Step 3. After scanning, the files will be shown in size. Select the files you want to delete and click the "Clean" button to free up your Mac storage. With a few clicks, you can successfully manage your storage and free up space on your Mac. To see more details about how to free up Mac storage with it, you can head to this page: Guide to Optimize Your iMac/MacBook. If you are going to manage storage on Mac manually, read on to see the useful tips and instructions in the following parts. Empty the Trash To be honest, this is more a reminder than a method. Everyone knows that we can directly drag files to Trash when we want to delete something on Mac. But you may not have the habit of clicking "Empty Trash" afterward. Remember that the deleted files will not be completely removed until you empty the Trash. To do this, just right-click Trash, and then select Empty Trash. Some of you may surprisingly have got some free Mac storage. If you don't want to manually do this every time, you can set up the feature Empty Trash Automatically on Mac. As the name indicates, this function can automatically remove the items in the Trash after 30 days. Here are the instruction to turn it on: For macOS Sierra and later, go to Apple Menu > About This Mac > Storage > Manage > Recommendations. Choose "Turn on" at Empty Trash Automatically. For all macOS versions, select Finder at the top bar, and then choose Preferences > Advanced and tick "Remove items from the Trash after 30 days". Use Recommendations to Manage Storage If your Mac is macOS Sierra and later, it has provided useful tools for managing storage on Mac. We just mentioned a little part of it in Method 2, which is to select dumping the Trash automatically. Open Apple Menu > About This Mac > Storage > Manage > Recommendations, and you will see three more recommendations. Note: If you are using the macOS X El Capitan or earlier, it's sorry that there is no manage button on Mac storage. Here we will simply explain the other three functions for you: Store in iCloud: This feature helps you store the files from Desktop and Documents locations to iCloud Drive. For all of the full-resolution photos and videos, you can store them in the iCloud Photo Library. When you need an original file, you can click on the download icon or open it to save it on your Mac. Optimize Storage: You can easily optimize storage with it by automatically deleting the iTunes movies, TV shows, and attachments that you have watched. It's the easiest way for you to delete movies from your Mac, and with this option, you can clean up some of the "Other" storage. Reduce Clutter: This function can help you quickly identify large files by arranging files on your Mac in a sequence of size. Check files with this option, and delete the ones you don't need. Uninstall the Unneeded Apps Many people usually download hundreds of apps on the Mac but hardly use most of them. If you are one of those people, it's time to go through the applications you have and uninstall the unneeded ones. It can sometimes save up a lot of space because some of the apps can occupy a big chunk of storage even if you don't use it. To delete an application, there are also different ways: - Use Finder: Go to Finder > Applications, identify the apps you no longer need, and drag them to Trash. Empty the Trash to uninstall them. - Use Launchpad: Open Launchpad, long-press the icon of the app you want to remove, and then click "X" to uninstall it. (This way is only available for apps downloaded from the App Store) For more details on removing apps, click How to Uninstall Apps on Mac to see. But remember that these methods cannot completely delete the apps and will leave out some app files that you have to clean up by yourself. Delete iOS Files and Apple Device Backups When your iOS devices are connected to your Mac, they may back up without your notice, or sometimes you just forget and have backed them up multiple times. IOS files and Apple device backups may take up a lot of space on your Mac. To check and delete them, just follow the ways: Again, if you are using macOS Sierra and later, click the "Manage" button where you check the Mac storage and then choose "iOS Files" in the sidebar. The files will show the last accessed date and size, and you can identify and delete the old ones that you no longer need. Besides, most of the iOS backup files are stored in the backup folder in the Mac Library. To access the folder, open your Finder, and select Go > Go to Folder at the top menu. Enter ~/Library/Application Support/MobileSync/Backup to open it, and you will be able to check the backups and delete the ones you don't want to keep. Clear Caches on Mac We all know that when we run the computer, it generates caches. If we don't clean caches regularly, they will take up a large proportion of the Mac storage. So, an important point to free up space on Mac is to remove the caches. The access to the Caches folder is similar to that of the Backup Folder. This time, open Finder > Go > Go to Folder, enter "~/Library/Caches", and you will be able to find it. The caches are usually divided into different folders in the name of different apps and services. You can sort them by size and then delete them. Erase Junk Mail and Manage Mail Downloads If you frequently use Mail, it's also probable that the junk mail, downloads, and attachments have mounted up on your Mac. Here are two ways to free up storage on Mac by removing them: To erase junk mail, open the Mail app and choose Mailbox > Erase Junk Mail at the top bar. To manage the downloads and deleted mails, go to Mail > Preferences. In General > Remove unedited downloads, choose "After Message is Deleted" if you haven't set it up. In Account, choose a period to erase junk messages and deleted messages. Clear Browsing Data This method is for the ones who use browsers a lot but seldom clear the browsing caches. The caches of each browser are usually stored independently, so you need to manually remove them and free up your Mac storage. For example, if you want to clear browsing data on Chrome, open Chrome, choose the three dots icon at the top right corner, and then go to More tool > Clear browsing data. For Safari and Firefox, the method is similar, but the specific options may differ. That's what you should know and the things you can do when you want to clear your disk space on your Mac. There are several ways to manage Mac storage, like emptying the Trash, using Apple built-in tools, uninstalling apps, deleting iOS backups, removing caches, clearing junk mail, and browsing data. Using all the methods may require a lot of time, so you can choose the ones that are suitable for you, or just turn to MobePas Mac Cleaner for help to free up storage on your Mac effortlessly.
Your mini spent days cramming for a huge algebra test and now she comes home with a big grin on her face and an "A." You couldn't be prouder of her and, of course, you should let her know how great she is. But before you congratulate her on her top score, you may want to heed the advice of Rachel Lugo, a licensed professional counselor at The Watson Institute in Pittsburgh. Compliment traits and not states, Lugo says. "It's natural for kids to see outcomes, without connecting the dots to the processes that brought them about." So, instead of saying, "You aced that test—you're so smart!" Lugo advises saying something like, "I'm proud of you for working hard!" This simple shift is a great way to teach your child the importance of hard work and persistence. And perhaps even more importantly, it will also help her understand that while she can't always control her circumstances, she can control her actions. A Columbia University study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology echoes this theory. In the study, researchers found that children who were praised for their intelligence (as opposed to their effort) became overly focused on the result. This, in turn, caused them to attribute their failure on a test due to a lack of ability—something they believed that they could not change. These children then performed poorly in subsequent tasks. Meanwhile, children who were praised for effort, attributed their failure to lack of trying (which they believed they could change), and they performed well in future activities. They also worked harder and enjoyed new challenges more than the "intelligent" group.
You could have seen a security camera perched on the corner of a building or dangling from a pole next to the road as you were driving down the street. It appears to be aiming straight at you and your vehicle. You start to wonder: can security cameras see inside cars? Under different lighting conditions, security cameras are typically able to see inside cars, but the camera's ability to see inside the car clearly depends on a variety of factors. These variables include, among others, the kind of camera being used, the amount of ambient light, and the kind and characteristics of the glass. Continue reading. Table of Contents Reasons For Security Cameras' See Inside Cars In The Daytime Window Tinting If the home windows of the automobile are tinted, it will be extra challenging for the protection digital camera to see inside. Tinted home windows can block out a lot of mild and make it challenging for the digicam to see inside. The quantity of visibility blockage will rely on the window tint darkness which is measured by way of the share of mild that is allowed to ignore via the window and is known as seen mild transmission (VLT). The decrease the VLT, the darker the tint. Most states permit up to 50% VLT. Distance From The Car The similarly away the protection digital camera is from the car, the extra tough it will be to get a precise image. If the digital camera is too some distance away, the pix might also be blurry or distorted. Light Reflection Depending on the perspective of the solar and the role of the safety camera, the home windows may also mirror the daylight producing a glare and making it hard or even not possible for a digital camera to see inside. Ambient Light It goes besides pronouncing that for a digicam to see something for the duration of the daytime, there wants to be adequate ambient light, and the mild need to be in a position to pass by thru the window glass to grant visibility inside. Similarly, if the automobile is parked in darkish storage or below a tree, the lack of mild can make it hard to see inside. Type Of Glass Privacy glass is regularly used in more recent mannequin vehicles. This glass has a dye that is brought to it all through manufacturing to produce a darkish color. This dye will minimize the potential of mild waves in the seen spectrum from passing thru the window thereby decreasing the visibility of the indoor vehicle. Reasons For Security Cameras See In The Dark Let's first examine how security cameras see in the dark before examining the variables that affect their capacity to see through a car window at night. Most "night vision" cameras contain infrared LED lights surrounding the lens. The IR mode is turned on when it gets dark and there is no ambient light, and the LED lights start to generate infrared light. Although this light cannot be seen by the human eye, it is reflected off surfaces and returned to the camera. The IR light can then be picked up by the camera sensor, which will subsequently create a black and white image. Signs Of A Security Camera Is Watching You Verify the LEDs on the IP security cameras are working properly. It's also an easy way to see if a security camera is capable of night vision. You can block light from reaching your surveillance camera's lens by using a book or another cover. When the lights become red, security cameras turn on. Read about Do Security Cameras Have Audio? How Far A Security Camera Can See? Depending on the resolution, sensor, and lens, home security cameras can typically see up to 70 feet away. On the other hand, professional cameras like the high-resolution PTZ can see up to 700 feet, ranging from 0 to 100 meters. How To Hide Security Cameras In Window? Security Camera Hiding in a Box Near a Window Simply cut a hole in the box and insert the security camera to accomplish this. Make sure that the cords and wires for wired security cameras are also tucked away in the box to keep them hidden. How About Putting A Camera In Your Window? Yes, provided that the right safety measures are taken. The vast majority of individuals install CCTV in their houses to discourage burglars and trespassers. This is a perfectly valid justification for installing monitoring technology at home. Are There Cameras Inside Cars? As a way to collect more information, more and more cars are outfitting themselves with cameras. The use of video cameras in automobiles has both benefits and drawbacks. There are many reasons why autos utilize cameras, especially those outside the vehicle. Are Cars Having Hidden Cameras? Definition of the Operation of Covert Car Cameras. Most in-car cameras are activated by motion detectors. By placing something or someone in the camera's line of sight, you can turn the device on. Read about How To Spot A Fake Security Camera Do You Want A Security Camera To See Inside A Car? In some cases, it is very useful for the security camera to see the situation in the car, such as when your car is parked in a public area, if you want to monitor it, or if you are worried about suspicious activities in the car parked on the street. Another useful example is if a security camera is installed at the entrance or gate to monitor who is entering and leaving the house. Many open street parking lots and multi-story parking lots are equipped with security cameras at different locations to monitor the safety of the parking lot or the interior of vehicles and any illegal or improper activities. On the other hand, if the security camera installed outside the building or enterprise can capture the picture of you or your family sitting in the car in front of the traffic lights, this function may also become a privacy issue. However, it is important to remember that security cameras are not perfect, and they may not be able to see what is happening in the car even during the day. Can Parking Lot Cameras See Inside Cars? If the vehicle is parked close to the camera, then yes, parking lot cameras can see inside the vehicle. The camera might not be able to capture every detail inside the car, but it might be able to capture what is clearly visible. If the car is parked close to the location where the camera is set up, parking lot cameras may be able to see inside the cat's cage. If the interior lights are on and the car does not have a dark tint, parking lot cameras can also see inside the car at night. If the interior lights are on and the car hasn't been darkened, parking lot cameras can see inside the car in the dark. The camera is able to recognize the light coming from inside the car and perhaps even see what is happening there. If a parking garage has lighting and no darkening tint, it is also possible for cameras to see inside the car at night. The camera can detect any movement inside the car and possibly capture what's happening. Beyond a certain range, certain cameras are invisible. They are unable to see inside the car as a result. Although not as clearly, others can see inside. The ability of the camera to see inside the car is greatly influenced by the time of day. cameras may be able to observe what's going on inside the vehicle during the day, but the opposite is true at night. Using a night vision camera can be useful here. When the lights are on inside the vehicle, cameras can also keep tabs on what is happening there. The resolution of the camera and how light or dark the window appears will determine the view from inside a car with tinted windows. Do Parking Lots Have Cameras? Since some parking lots have cameras while others don't, it is impossible to give an exhaustive response to this question. Parking lots without cameras because other security and security measures are in place. Because security cameras are electrically powered and therefore connected to the same source of light, they are frequently found on light poles but can also be installed on buildings. The majority of the time, cameras are placed in places where they are hidden from view. If you install security cameras, make sure they are in the right spots in the parking lot and have enough coverage for as many blind spots as you can. Why Are Cameras Inside the Parking Lot for Security? In this section, we'll go over some of the justifications for parking lot security camera use. For Video Proof The video captured by the parking lot's security cameras could be used to prove that a crime has taken place. the crime that took place. They could also be used to demonstrate the damage done to the property. In the event that a crime or altercation occurs in the parking lot, this video may be useful as courtroom evidence. A Sense of Safety and Security In order to deter theft and vandalism, the majority of businesses rely on cameras. Because they are less concerned about losing something valuable, customers feel more secure knowing that their vehicle is secured. By recording any activity occurring in the parking area, cameras installed in parking lots can also give businesses the impression of security. If a crime occurs, the video can be used to demonstrate that there were disagreements. It Discourages Criminal Activities To deter thieves from doing their thing, security cameras in the parking lot are one of their purposes. Security camera footage may provide specific answers and dispel claims of damage. The company will save money and time as a result. Security cameras can also be used to monitor traffic flow and identify potential issues, like illegal parking or careless driving. A Way to Identify Unpaid Vehicles For a number of purposes, parking lot cameras are useful. They can aid in identifying unpaid-for vehicles. After that, the information is put to use to improve the features' intelligence, which is based on footage from the cabin cameras. Additionally, you can always change your settings to share data. The use of cameras in the parking lot is a great option if you want to feel more secure or improve your parking experience. Is It a Crime If Parking Lot Cameras See Inside Cars? Yes, if parking lot cameras have the capability to view inside cars, that could be regarded as a violation of privacy. It's not necessarily a violation or an invasion of privacy if you are aware that the camera can look inside your car. It might be considered a privacy invasion if you weren't aware that the camera could see inside your car. What to Do If Parking Cameras See Inside Car? There are ways to prevent security cameras from peeping into your car if you're worried about it. Keep in mind that when your car is parked, you should be careful what you do inside. You can check out the locations of the cameras as well as the various angles from which the parking lot is seen. It is best to carefully choose and park your vehicle in areas that the camera cannot cover. You can keep security cameras from seeing through by turning off the lights in your car at night. As you exit the car, you should also think about lowering the window coverings and using a window curtain. What Camera Should You Use to Protect Your Vehicle? Here are the best security camera specifications for viewing inside a car. Interior Dash Cam For safety and to provide backup in the event of an accident, dash cams are small mounted cameras that can record videos from the back of the car. The most useful models are those that are intended to be mounted inside the car, typically on the dashboard or windshield. The best tool for documenting police chases and encounters is a dash camera. if coupled with a GPS tracker. Professional Security Cameras (or Security Camera) System Many people want to protect their homes by using high-quality security cameras and camera systems. There are numerous explanations for this, which can be categorized into two groups: general security and vehicle security. General-purpose security cameras can be used to search the neighborhood for theft, vandalism, or other types of crime. Security cameras for cars can be used to keep an eye on a car's interior and exterior to deter theft and vandalism. Security cameras have numerous applications and can be mounted in a variety of places. They can be mounted on stands, walls, or ceilings. They can also be placed in the area of the property in a strategic manner. Security cameras come in a wide variety, each with specific benefits and drawbacks. Although some security cameras are more expensive than others, the video they typically produce is of higher quality. Dual Dash Cameras Dual dash cameras are a great way to monitor activity both inside and outside of your car. The Vava Dual Dash Cam, which has HD video recording capabilities and night vision, will be the most expensive dual dash camera option. Additionally, it has built-in G-sensors that alert the user to any emergencies or police involvement. Security cameras can see inside cars in a variety of lighting situations, but how well they can see inside the car is dependent on a number of variables. Knowing how these factors affect the camera's ability to see through glass can be useful, and using these straightforward tips can help you achieve your desired goal. Whether your preference is to reduce the visibility into your car for privacy or to improve the visibility into your vehicle or those of your visitors for added security.
Cats are delightful companions, but their curious nature can pose challenges when it comes to maintaining a flourishing garden. If you've found your feline friend frolicking amidst your prized flowers, fear not—there are effective and humane ways to deter cats from your garden. In this guide, we'll explore practical strategies on how to keep cats away from flowers while ensuring your garden remains a vibrant and cat-friendly space. 1. Choose Cat-Repellent Plants: Strategically incorporating plants that cats find unappealing can naturally deter them from exploring your garden. - Coleus Canina (Scaredy Cat Plant): - Known for its pungent odor that cats dislike. - Plant near flowers or at garden borders to create a natural deterrent. 2. Utilize Citrus Peels or Sprays: Cats often steer clear of citrus scents, making them an excellent deterrent for your flower beds. - Citrus Peels: - Scatter citrus peels around the base of your flowers. - Refresh the peels regularly to maintain the citrus scent. - Citrus Spray: - Create a homemade citrus spray by mixing water with citrus essential oil. - Lightly mist the flower bed with the citrus spray. 3. Deploy Coffee Grounds: The strong scent of coffee grounds can act as a natural deterrent without harming your plants. - Sprinkle Coffee Grounds: - Sprinkle used coffee grounds around the flowers. - Reapply after rain to maintain effectiveness. 4. Lay Down Pine Cones or Twigs: Creating a physical barrier using natural materials can discourage cats from venturing into your garden. - Pine Cones or Twigs: - Place pine cones or twigs around the base of your flowers. - Cats find the uneven surfaces uncomfortable to walk on. 5. Invest in Commercial Cat Repellents: Several cat repellents are available in the market, utilizing scents that cats find unpleasant. - Spray or Granule Repellents: - Apply commercial cat repellent sprays or granules around the flower bed. - Follow the product's instructions for optimal results. 6. Install Motion-Activated Sprinklers: For a high-tech solution, consider motion-activated sprinklers that startle cats without causing harm. - Motion Sensors: - Install motion-activated sprinklers in areas where cats frequent. - The sudden burst of water deters cats and prevents habituation. 7. Create Physical Barriers: Install barriers that make it challenging for cats to access your flower beds. - Chicken Wire Fencing: - Surround your flower beds with chicken wire fencing. - Ensure the fencing is tall enough to prevent cats from jumping over. 8. Use Natural Scents Cats Dislike: Cats have a heightened sense of smell, and certain scents are known to repel them. - Lavender, Rosemary, or Rue: - Plant cat-repelling herbs like lavender, rosemary, or rue. - These plants not only deter cats but also add beauty and fragrance to your garden. 9. Create Distraction Areas: Offer an alternative space for cats to explore, diverting their attention away from your flowers. - Catnip or Cat Grass Beds: - Designate a corner of your garden for cat-friendly plants like catnip or cat grass. - Encourage your cat to explore this area instead. 10. Provide Shelter and Resting Spots: Cats often seek comfortable spots for rest and relaxation. By providing designated areas, you can minimize their impact on your flower beds. - Cat-Friendly Shelters: - Place cozy cat shelters or beds in corners of your garden. - Cats may prefer these areas over your flower beds. Maintaining a harmonious coexistence between your flowers and feline friends is possible with the right strategies. By incorporating cat-friendly plants, deploying natural deterrents, and creating alternative spaces, you can keep cats away from your flowers without compromising their well-being. Implement a combination of these methods to find the most effective solution for your unique garden, ensuring a flourishing haven for both you and your cherished cats.
After successful completion of the course, students are able to... ... set up an audio setup with DAW, sound card, mixing console, speakers and microphone.... operate audio multi-channel software.... install and use VST plug-ins.... configure and use MIDI & OSC.... perform field recordings, near-field recordings and impulse-response recordings.... perform and understand the visualisation of audio data using iAnalyse.... ... programme different types of modulation synthesis: frequency modulation, ring modulation, additive and subtractive synthesis.... perform an audio FFT analysis.... perform sound generation using granular synthesis.... operate audio software such as Reaper, Pure Data, GRM Player and iAnalyse. Recall: Students will be able to name the parameters of hearing and acoustic space characteristics, list functionalities of a DAW and a real-time system, and state sound modulation techniques and ausio-synthesis techniques. Understanding: Students will be able to describe the acoustic world around them by performing and classifying acoustic interactions using the tools they have learnt. Apply: Students will be able to use the tools learnt to interpret the acoustic environment. Analyse: Students will be able to differentiate the results, relate them to each other and experiment with them. Synthesise: Students will be able to use the results to assess the acoustic situation and develop a scenario for change. Evaluate: Students will be able to evaluate the acoustic situation and develop solution strategies from the collected data. * History of electronic music, sociological and media-theoretical categorisation.* Methods of different measurement procedures for personal listening, the understanding of musical content and the development of listening training programmes.* Knowledge of different digitisation and sound transformation methods.* FFT analysis and granular synthesis - two different domains of sound analysis and sound transformation.* Knowledge of different modulation methods.* Introduction to the methods of artistic-technical research. - Carrying out an acoustic room measurement and testing your own hearing ability.- Create, evaluate and improve audio recordings.- Carry out basic sound optimisation processes.- Introduction to the Pure Data, Reaper, iAnalyse and GRM Player software.- Programme different modulation methods.- Perform an FFT sound analysis.- Perform granular synthesis.- Develop the basics for a technical-musical research project. - Delivery of the hearing test.- Delivery of sound examples (ambient, near field, impulse response).- Delivery of modulation synthesis examples.- Sound analysis submissions.- Sound examples for granular synthesis.- Submission of a sound collage.- Submission of the research project draft. The number of participants has been reduced to 15. However, there is a waiting list. Anyone who is not present at the first appointment cannot take part in the VU and the next person on the list gets this place.
Posted By : Admin / On : April 11, 2024 / In : Health,Uncategorized In a world where sedentary habits and prolonged sitting dominate our daily routines, it's incredibly important we take steps to both preserve and improve our mobility. How do we do this? The simple answer is physical activity. However, the type and quality of our physical activity matters, and Pilates is a particularly effective form of movement when it comes to mobility. Throughout this article, we'll examine exactly why mobility is so important and the ways Pilates can help. To appreciate the positive effects Pilates can have on your mobility, we need to understand exactly why it is important. Of course, the benefits of being able to perform everyday tasks without pain or discomfort don't really need an explanation. You only need to pull a muscle to recognise the consequences that compromised mobility can have in your daily life. Yet, the advantages of mobility reach far beyond simply allowing you to perform everyday tasks, but because we tend not to notice mobility issues until later in life, they can often go unnoticed. For example, mobility is essential for our mental wellbeing, and studies have linked limited mobility to poor mental health, including symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mobility issues have also been associated with higher rates of diseases, hospitalisation, and even disability. Whilst these consequences are concerning, we can minimise our risk through regular physical activity. Throughout the next section, we'll look at some k ey reasons Pilates is one of the most effective forms of movement for enhancing mobility. Pilates serves as a holistic form of exercise, engaging virtually every muscle group in the body. Its emphasis on functional movements—such as rotation, extension, pushing, and pulling—mimics the activities we perform in our daily lives. Getting out of bed, sitting down, climbing stairs, and a host of other mundane activities use the same muscles that you will use in your Pilates class. By training these movement patterns, Pilates enhances our ability to navigate daily tasks with efficiency and ease, thereby improving overall mobility. Its full-body approach not only optimises time efficiency but also ensures comprehensive muscle engagement for a well-rounded workout. Core strength and stability are central to Pilates. By targeting the deep muscles of the abdomen, back, and pelvis, Pilates strengthens the foundation for all movement. A robust core not only supports the spine and pelvis but also enhances overall body control and coordination. This, in turn, improves balance, stability, and proprioception—key components of optimal mobility and injury prevention. With a strong core, you can move confidently and freely, reducing the risk of musculoskeletal issues and enhancing overall mobility. Whilst flexibility and mobility are two distinct things, you can't really have one without the other. Why? Flexible muscles improve how easily you can move your joints, meaning your flexibility has a direct effect on your mobility. Given your Pilates class will include a combination of stretching and lengthening exercises, your flexibility will improve overtime, which will therefore bolster your mobility. Plus, Pilates exercises often target specific areas of the body prone to stiffness, such as the spine, hips, and shoulders, helping to alleviate tension and improve mobility in these areas. Deep breathing techniques employed in Pilates can help release tension and promote relaxation in the body. When muscles are relaxed, they are better able to stretch and lengthen, increasing flexibility and mobility. Also, Pilates emphasises lateral breathing, which involves expanding the ribcage laterally and into the back as opposed to just the chest. This type of breathing promotes mobility in the ribcage and thoracic spine, enhancing overall spinal flexibility and movement capacity. This improved ribcage mobility can translate to greater freedom of movement in daily activities. All-in-all, mobility is an incredibly important aspect of our day-to-day lives, and it's crucial we incorporate exercises to sustain and improve it. By nature, Pilates is a wonderful form of movement for enhancing mobility, thanks to its focus on flexibility, breathwork, and more. Hopefully you are one of those many people who have benefited from a Pilates class, if not we would love to help The Pilates Movement
Can defence and security companies operate ethically? With some of the biggest fines for corporate corruption imposed upon leading multinational defence companies, the latest GoodCorporation debate at the House of Lords asked: Can defence and security companies ever operate ethically? Hosting the debate, Baroness Pauline Neville Jones stressed that we should focus the discussion on how the industry moves forward. Corruption scandals within the defence sector damage countries as well as corporations. The industry must move towards an agreed code of conduct in order to avoid the reputational damage that we have witnessed in recent years. Pedro Montoya, Chief Compliance Officer for EADs opened the debate by acknowledging that marketing defence products internationally is a challenge. The competition is tough, the procurement process is not always transparent and widespread corruption does exist. However, the majority of defence procurement is conducted with integrity, namely in the NATO countries. He said that EADS was promoting the level playing field with defence companies operating within a tightly controlled compliance programme to ensure a high standard of ethical conduct. Going a step further he suggested that the defence and security sector does, in fact, operate more, not less, ethically than many other industries. Delegates were asked if they felt that this was so. A significant number felt that they operated more ethically. A similar number felt it was about the same and more steps were needed. Very few felt they operated less ethically than those in other sectors. Many felt that there was a clear gap between the public perception of what was going on in the industry and the reality. The scandals that hit the headlines today, generally took place some years ago. However, it is essential that defence companies are honest about how well their policies and processes are actually implemented. It was agreed that this is an industry where bribes are solicited and undue influence is still a problem. Consequently companies need to be very secure that they have the right regimes in place to combat such behaviour. The era of complicit governments in deal making was felt to be over, paving the way, many thought, for an industry-wide code of conduct. A sizeable majority felt that corruption within this sector would never be eradicated until an industry-wide approach was agreed upon and implemented forcefully. This would also ensure that emerging countries in this market would be required to comply with a global code ensuring that the playing field remains level for all participants. Others felt that leaving compliance in the hands of corporations would allow businesses to use it in order to develop a competitive edge. It was suggested that market intelligence from other industries operating in areas where the defence sector does and wishes to do business should be valued and shared. This would provide the opportunity for partnership and co-operation that would raise the bar significantly. There was some discussion on new approaches to defence procurement, whereby equipment is purchased along with some agreement and a view was expressed that this might reduce the scope for unethical practice. The industry is clearly focused on the necessity for robust and transparent ethical conduct. All felt strongly that the sector was taking significant measures to operate ethically. The draft Bribery Bill was discussed at some length. It was felt that further guidance is needed to ensure that the legislation is both clear and workable. It was also suggested that internal audits are likely to become an essential part of compliance with the proposed Bill as the only way to really check that the rules are not only in place but are working. Boards, the debate concluded, have a huge role to play here: not only enforcing and maintaining ethical standards but reporting that the required standards are being implemented. GoodCorporation Business Ethics Debate October 2009
Protecting the health and safety of Philadelphia's school children from hazardous school conditions is a fundamental and urgent public obligation. While certainly not all of the 214 District-operated schools have widespread, persistent and dangerously unacceptable building conditions, currently available data indicates there may be as many as 60 percent or more of our schools that are in need of serious remediation in order to adequately protect students and staff from exposures to lead, mold growth, inadequate air quality, and numerous "asthma triggers" in addition to other hazards. According to District data about 85 percent of all Philadelphia school students are people of color and 87 percent are considered to be "economically disadvantaged." These numbers matter when it comes to student health, well-being and educational achievement because this population is placed at increased risk from exposures to in-school environmental hazards. In my first blog post, I talked about how I believe that deficient building conditions are at an unacceptable degree for students and staff. I also said that we can do something to remedy this situation and that we – the Philadelphia Federation of Teacher's Union and Health and Welfare Fund – were developing an action plan to do just that. A critical first element of that plan requires incorporating all relevant data into the process of understanding the true scale and scope of the environmental hazards and building condition deficiencies we face. This is necessary for data-driven, evidence-based decision making. Describing, in detail, the current state of our schools, what specific problems exist where, how widespread the issues are, and what has been done to address them to date is crucial. Parents, the public, policy makers, school staff and the organizations that represent them, external stakeholders, and even school district managers, all require a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of what is known about school environmental-building condition deficiencies, how they impact student health, learning and achievement, and the ways in which these conditions continue to undercut fiscally and environmentally sustainable school operation and management. This is necessary if we are to make sound, credible and practically implementable solutions, that are fiscally responsible at the same time as ensuring safe and healthy school buildings for all. Working together and ensuring comprehensive and accurate data and information, full transparency and effective stakeholder/public participation, engagement and inclusion in the conversation about school improvement will, we believe, result in positive change. Our plan starts by calling for assembling a Comprehensive Data Inventory of all existing environmental and building condition-related data sets and information currently available. Doing this requires close internal collaboration between District leadership and managers, as well as District managers working with the organizations representing school staff [that is those with specific knowledge about existing data sources]. The inventory of data sets created, as well as the information and data itself, should be reviewed and verified for completeness and descriptions of the data, and data fields, should be provided. Once developed, the inventory and data should be made publicly available so that all stakeholders are able to review and comment on what is currently known and what may still be needed. All information should be posted on the District's Open Data portal; the District has a robust and growing "Open Data Initiative" designed to share data publicly but, to the best of my knowledge, none of the data sets referenced here relating to school building conditions or occupant health and safety are currently included [they may otherwise be available however]. We recommend immediately including this data as part of the District Open Data Initiative now. Below I have provided a partial listing of specific data sets that I am aware of and that are available and should be included in a data inventory. I have provided titles for each of the data sets but, for reasons of space, I have not included data set descriptions. [These can be obtained at: Healthy School Buildings.com or Philly.com resources or ??] 1) Indoor Environmental Quality [IEQ] Dashboard; 2) Asbestos Location & Condition Survey [AHERA].; 3) Paint & Plaster Condition Survey 4) Attic & Crawlspace Condition & Asbestos Survey 5) Lead-in-Water Testing Data [1999-2010] & School Reports. 6) Drinking Water Outlet Operational Survey [March, 2016] 7) Door Sweep Survey 8) Facilities, Operations & Maintenance Work Order System Data 9) Facility Condition Assessment [FCA] Survey, Data & Reports [completed 3/2016] 10) Asthma Prevalence Data by School – [Aggregate] 11) Energy Use/Efficiency Data Additional data sets should be included as identified. Only through full transparency of publicly funded and collected data, and a more publicly inclusive and open review and analysis of that information, can truly responsive priorities be established and realistic assessments of remedial action costs and time frames, to include addressing short, medium-range, and long-term needs be made. I encourage people to reach out to District leadership and SRC members, requesting that data sets and information immediately be made fully open and publicly available. Additionally, parents, community and other stakeholder groups can contact the Philadelphia Federation of Teacher's Health & Welfare Fund and Union to discuss school conditions and approaches so far pursued in addressing deficiencies. Finally, public involvement calling for collaboration involving internal and external stakeholders, parents, District leadership, and policy makers should occur to help accomplish a goal that has eluded us for too long.
If you happen to're a graphic designer, I've to provide you reward as a result of, with out your creativity and your eager eye for design, it will be a wrestle for advertising and marketing to create campaigns that catch their viewers's consideration. And what higher option to present my appreciation to graphic designers than to jot down a put up with useful graphic design resume examples and suggestions that may provide help to land your subsequent job? You've got come to the precise place for those who're a graphic designer in search of your subsequent gig or wish to refine your resume. Let's dive in! Graphic Design Resume Finest Practices Graphic Design Resume Examples Graphic Design Scholar Resume Examples Graphic Design Resume Finest Practices Earlier than I get into the graphic design resume examples beneath, I will break down some finest practices it's best to know when placing your resume collectively. Use a clear structure. Graphic design is a discipline that naturally attracts inventive individuals like your self, so that you may be tempted to create a colourful, distinctive structure that reveals off your eye for design. Nevertheless, your resume ought to have a clear structure that's simple to learn and will not confuse any applicant monitoring techniques (ATS) your potential employers use. In her YouTube video, "The Resume That Bought Me Employed As A Designer," graphic designer Victoria Gillerlain says a clear structure is the best way to go. "In case your resume is tough to learn, onerous to have a look at, overly contrasted, or simply makes individuals [wince] after they have a look at it as a result of it is so overwhelming — that is not good," she explains. "[Recruiters] are in all probability not going to even trouble to look into the content material itself, and also you need them to have a look at it!" Gillerlain makes use of her personal resume for example of what to do, and he or she notes the absence of colour in her doc. "The rationale behind that's that your resume is an expert doc, and though you are in a inventive discipline, utilizing this as a inventive doc—not everybody who's taking a look at your resume goes to essentially be in a inventive discipline," she says. "A lot of occasions, there are going to be HR managers or recruiters who're taking a look at your resume and don't have anything to do with the inventive discipline." Gillerlain says these individuals could have a look at an excessively colourful resume and assume, "Why does it have so many colours and graphics?" "On prime of that, if you are going to be in an on-site position in any respect, numerous occasions individuals will print out your resume … there's an opportunity that none of that's going to really print, and so they may simply print it in black and white — so it'd now look as you meant it," she says. Embody hyperlinks to your portfolio. Even probably the most well-put-together resume on this planet cannot change a glowing portfolio. So, ensure your resume contains hyperlinks to your work. Graphic design is a inventive and visible business, and together with hyperlinks to your portfolio will enable recruiters to see your expertise and {qualifications} in motion. Tailor your resume for each utility. That is golden recommendation for any business. You need to all the time tweak and tailor your resume for every job you are making use of for. This implies incorporating key phrases from the job posting and highlighting experiences and expertise which are related to the job. One graphic design job alternative could require a talent that is not as related in different alternatives within the business, and you don't need your resume to depart out that key element. So, learn the job description carefully and tailor your resume in order that it applies and units you up for fulfillment. Point out your training. "When you've got a level, even when it is unrelated, record it," Gillerlain says. "Having a level reveals that you simply're credible and dedicated, and numerous locations prefer to see that you've got one these days." Gillerlain suggests itemizing your diploma, your minor ("If you'd like," she says), the place you bought it, and when. To be taught extra common resume finest practices, no matter business, verify you my colleague Martina Bretous's put up about resume suggestions that can provide help to get employed. Graphic Design Resume Examples 1. Victoria Gillerlain's Graphic Design Resume I discussed this resume earlier, however I wish to dig a bit deeper. Discover how the resume is easy, simple to observe, and to the purpose. It isn't very colourful however nonetheless contains small, distinctive design components (like the massive V emblem within the nook) that assist it stand out with out being distracting. Gilerlain additionally features a hyperlink to her web site portfolio, so recruiters can discover her work with out having to do any further digging. Professional-Tip: It is okay so as to add distinctive components to your resume to point out your creativity, however maintain these components easy, like within the instance above. Cool-toned colours for headlines and a easy emblem may be simply sufficient to separate you from different candidates with out overshading the contents of the doc. 2. Anna Chen's Graphic Design Resume The above resume includes a minimalist design that retains the recruiter's focus squarely on the applicant's expertise, {qualifications}, expertise, and work historical past. Professional Tip: Whereas I like this resume for its easy design, I discover it does not embrace an area for Chen's training historical past, reminiscent of if she has a level or is actively working towards one. A easy design is superb for resumes, however it's best to nonetheless embrace area in your training credentials. Additionally, discover the latest work expertise is just not bulleted. Candidates ought to embrace bullet factors to make their resume extra readable. 3. Charles Bloomberg's Graphic Design Resume This resume is superb as a result of it is clear and contains all related data. I particularly love how the applicant made positive to incorporate his training and related certifications. Professional Tip: Discover the small icons on the prime symbolizing his location, electronic mail, cellphone quantity, and LinkedIn. This data is a must have, however icons and symbols can confuse applicant monitoring techniques and might hurt the possibilities of your resume getting the eye of a recruiter. So, keep away from symbols and icons in your resume every time potential. 4. Clara Thompson's Entry-Stage Graphic Design Resume This resume features a pop of colour that catches the attention with out distracting from its contents. Thompson's contact data is listed neatly within the higher proper nook of the web page, leaving loads of room for her work expertise. What I Love: The resume is a wonderful instance for people simply beginning their careers. I like the way it highlights related initiatives the applicant accomplished earlier than freelance work. 5. Samantha Angel's Senior Graphic Designer Resume Instance I am biased as a result of purple is my favourite colour, however that is one in all my favourite examples. Samantha's resume contains her work expertise and a bulleted record of obligations. It additionally options her actions outdoors work and diploma, including extra legitimacy to her utility. Professional Tip: Like Samantha, think about including actions and certifications you have accomplished outdoors of your profession to beef up your resume and present you are a well-rounded candidate. Graphic Design Scholar Resume Examples If you happen to're a scholar attempting to interrupt into the graphic design business, listed here are some examples to get you stepping into the precise course. 1. Minimalist The pattern resume is a wonderful instance for graphic design college students in search of entry-level alternatives. If you happen to're new to the sector however have internship or volunteer expertise that applies to the position, embrace them as your work expertise. What I Love: The resume is easy and clear, with practically all related data listed. 2. Black and White Just like the earlier instance, this resume lacks colour—that is okay! As I discussed earlier, it isn't important to have colour. A pop of colour can present you creativity, however there isn't any assure a recruiter or hiring supervisor will see it or care. What I Love: I can not emphasize sufficient the significance of getting a clear, easy-to-read resume. This format will cross ATS with out points and neatly show your {qualifications}. 3. Conventional with a Pop of Shade If you'd like a pop of colour in your resume, this instance is a wonderful template to emulate. It showcases the applicant's inventive aptitude whereas highlighting all of the important data. Nevertheless, be conscious of including odd symbols and icons. Once more, they'll pose an issue for ATS. Professional Tip: If utilizing colour, use it sparingly and choose a colour that is not too jarring. Just like the one within the instance, a chilled blue is a good selection. Graphic design, like most inventive fields, is usually a harsh business to interrupt into. Nevertheless, you could have one of the best likelihood when you have a portfolio, expertise, expertise, and a clear resume to vouch for you. Good luck!
An Introduction… to Wales' CHC Framework and the Decision Support Tool Related Sector: Health & Social Care The 2014 CHC Framework and the Decision Support Tool (DST) underwent a review in 2019 and the revised versions were published in July 2021. They were due to take effect in November 2021 but have been delayed until 1 April 2022. In the run up to the commencement date, Bond Solon Trainers, Sue Inker and Max Duddles provide an analysis of: What Continuing Healthcare is? What the revised framework aims to address. Key issues with the framework (which will be expanded on in training). What the revised continuing healthcare framework means for practitioners. What is Continuing NHS Healthcare? Continuing NHS Healthcare (CHC) is a package of care and support that is provided to meet all the assessed needs of an individual where it has been assessed that the individual has a "primary health need". It is a key component of the Local Health Board (LHB) business and is arranged and funded solely by the NHS. Being a health care service, CHC is free at the point of delivery. What does the revised framework aim to address? The CHC framework has been revised to address the following: Clarification on the concept of, and what is a "primary health need". Extensive criticism of the original 2014 framework. Concerns around inconsistency and unfairness of decisions on eligibility. A number of complaints to the Public Services Ombudsmen for Wales both around eligibility and administration of the system. Concerns that there is a regional approach to CHC around Wales. Concerns around the lack of implementation of the 2014 policy and guidance. Questions around the extent to which individuals and families are being involved in the assessment process and the gaining and recording of consent and assessing mental capacity are inconsistent. Key issues with the framework The revised framework significantly expands upon the 2014 version and correctly reflects the current law. There are, however, several key concerns that practitioners should be aware of: The key aim of the guidance was to clarify the concept of "primary health need" to make it much clearer for practitioners to interpret. This has not been achieved due to the ambiguous wording in the legislation underpinning health services and The Social Services and Wellbeing Act 2014, which defines the concept. The guidance makes no attempt to define what it thinks an input being 'ancillary' or 'incidental' to the provision of a social care service, means in practice. There is currently no case law on this point. Assessment timescales and legal responsibility to fund remain vague and open to interpretation. The framework does not provide specific guidance on how to assess someone with a learning disability. This means that, unless the assessment takes specific account of a learning disability, there is a danger that the individual will be treated less favourably than other applicants. The "draft" framework does not attend to the thorny issue of Direct Payments. This omission and oversight will continue to have a significant impact on many disabled people due to the legal constraints on providing a direct payment for someone eligible for CHC in Wales. Our training course will explore these issues amongst others, in much more depth. What does the revised CHC framework mean for practitioners? The Welsh Government official website recommends that organisations use the months running up to implementation to amend any internal guidance, processes and protocols in line with the new framework. They also mention that they will be making some minor corrections to the 2021 documents but have not provided further information as to what they relate to. CHC is fundamentally about an entitlement in law to funding from the NHS based on a finding of a "primary health need". The lawful assessment and process which leads to this entitlement demands a high level of legal literacy from the professional. In addition, as we've highlighted above there are several potential issues with the revised framework, which highlight the need for health and social care practitioners to come together in the spirit of partnership, co-operation and joint working and embrace training on the subject to ensure that the framework is understood and implemented for the benefit of the citizen. It is in the interest of LHBs, Local Authorities and, most importantly, those receiving care, for practitioners to ensure that timely care and support is provided. To that end, Bond Solon will soon be rolling out four core training offers on this topic that have been designed to provide unbiased support and training to health and social care practitioners alike: Continuing NHS Healthcare for NQSWs. Advanced Continuing NHS Healthcare. Continuing NHS Healthcare for Mangers and In-house Legal. Capacity and Continuing NHS Healthcare Assessments (2 days). Please leave a comment Name (Leave blank to remain anonymous) Job Title Email * (This will not be displayed on the site) Comment * 0 comments Want more information? Please call us on...020 7549 2549If you require any help or would like to discuss how Bond Solon can assist you in your training needs, please call us on: +44 (0) 20 7549 2549 Want more information? Please call us on...020 7549 2549If you require any help or would like to discuss how Bond Solon can assist you in your training needs, please call us on: +44 (0) 20 7549 2549
Zero Waste Events What is a Zero Waste Event? Zero Waste Events (ZWE) aim to reduce, recycle, and compost as much waste as possible before, during, and after an event. UM-Dearborn follows common university standards that define zero waste events as those that divert 90% or more of the waste from the landfill. The remaining percentage that might be sent to landfill is considered acceptable because it discourages wish cycling, which is when non-recyclable items are incorrectly placed in the recycling stream. We don't need a handful of people doing zero waste perfectly. We need millions of people doing it imperfectly.Ann Marie Bonneau, Award-winning Zero Waste Chef and Author How to host a Zero Waste Event at UM-Dearborn All UM-Dearborn organizations are invited to host zero waste events. Plan ahead, and request to make your next event zero waste! What goes where during Zero Waste Events? Sustainability at UM-Dearborn
This narrative review offers an update of the most important recent articles published in the previous year of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), focusing on care and management. Age-related disparities may play a significant role in the clinical and laboratory characteristics of cSLE, as well as its performance in distinct classification criteria. Monogenic lupus is associated with higher disease damage scores and mortality rate compared to sporadic cSLE. Adolescent face unique challenges, with comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, low resilience and nonadherence posing relevant challenges. A recent international task force has outlined pivotal principles and points-to-consider for treat-to-target (T2T) in cSLE patients. While the past year did yield new randomized controlled trial for cSLE treatment, publications focused on broader management strategies, including the impact of ultraviolet radiation exposure, immunization, and strict blood pressure control. Additionally, case reports and series have evaluated the efficacy/safety profiles of both available and emerging treatments. Current studies highlighted the various facets of cSLE, epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, classification criteria, adolescent issues, prognosis, surveillance, T2T approach and drug management. Despite notable progress, the scarcity of randomized trials emphasizes the need to delineate safer and more efficacious treatment modalities in cSLE.
The Symptoms of Oesophageal cancer are the various signs or sensations that indicate that a person may be suffering from a particular condition or disease. People with Oesophageal cancer have reported a wide range of symptoms, from mild symptoms to severe illness. Possible symptoms of Oesophageal cancer include: - Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) - especially solid foods; pain or discomfort in the chest or throat; unexplained weight loss; persistent heartburn or indigestion; coughing or hoarseness; regurgitation of food; choking sensation; vomiting blood; black or tarry stools; fatigue; symptoms may progress gradually and vary depending on the stage of cancer. This list does not include all possible symptoms of Oesophageal cancer. Remember that these symptoms can vary based on the specific condition, and not everyone will experience all of them. We will continue to update this list as we learn more about Oesophageal cancer. Feeling Sick? When you're feeling sick, it's important to take care of yourself and prioritize your well-being. Here are some practical steps to consider: Stay home and rest: Rest is vital to your healing process. Studies have shown that sleep is closely related to immune function. Take time to recover and prevent the disease from spreading to others. If you feel unwell, consider calling in sick to work and staying home for at least 24 hours after the fever goes away. Stay hydrated: Some illnesses can cause dehydration due to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Replace lost fluids by drinking plenty of water or electrolyte-rich drinks like Pedialyte. Adequate fluid intake prevents complications and promotes recovery. Listen to your body: Pay attention to your symptoms of Oesophageal cancer. While colds and flu generally do not require a visit to the emergency room, severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or pain when coughing may require medical attention. Feel-good foods and herbal remedies: Ginger and peppermint tea can help relieve nausea. Smaller, more frequent meals and choosing healthy, comforting foods can also provide relief. Seek immediate medical attention for testing and/or treatment if you have risk factors for serious illness. Treatment can help reduce the risk of serious illness. If you suspect any health issues, consult a medical professional for proper evaluation and guidance When should you seek emergency medical attention? if you have symptoms of Oesophageal cancer Look for emergency warning signs* for Oesophageal cancer: Here are some guidelines to help you recognize situations that require immediate medical care: Symptoms of Oesophageal cancer For Children: - Rapid or labored breathing - Skin appearing bluish or gray - Inadequate fluid intake - Intense or prolonged vomiting - Unresponsiveness or lack of interaction - Excessive irritability, resisting being held - Initial improvement in flu-like symptoms followed by a return of fever and a more severe cough Symptoms of Oesophageal cancer For Adults: - Difficulty breathing or breathlessness - Chest or abdominal pain or pressure - Sudden onset of dizziness - Mental confusion - Persistent or severe vomiting - Initial relief from flu-like symptoms followed by recurrence of fever and exacerbation of cough If someone have any of these signs, then call to your local emergency facility. Notify the operator that you are seeking care for someone who has or may have Oesophageal cancer. *This list does not contain all possible symptoms. Call your doctor if you have other symptoms that are serious or worry you..
Crystal Structures of Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052) and B (NPI-0047) in Complex with the 20S Proteasome Reveal Important Consequences of ti-Lactone Ring Opening and a Mechanism for Irreversible Binding Michael Groll,,† Robert Huber,‡ and Barbara C. M. Potts,§ Contribution from the Ludwig-Maximilians-UniVersity of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, Building B, 81377 Munich, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, and Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121 Received December 7, 2005; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: The crystal structures of the yeast 20S proteasome core particle (CP) in complex with Salinosporamides A (NPI-0052; 1) and B (4) were solved at <3 Å resolution. Each ligand is covalently bound to Thr1Oγ via an ester linkage to the carbonyl derived from the ti-lactone ring of the inhibitor. In the case of 1, nucleophilic addition to the ti-lactone ring is followed by addition of C-3O to the chloroethyl group, giving rise to a cyclic ether. The crystal structures were compared to that of the omuralide/CP structure solved previously, and the collective data provide new insights into the mechanism of inhibition and irreversible binding of 1. Upon opening of the ti-lactone ring, C-3O assumes the position occupied by a water molecule in the unligated enzyme and hinders deacylation of the enzyme-ligand complex. Furthermore, the resulting protonation state of Thr1NH2 deactivates the catalytic N-terminus. Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052; 1), a small molecule second- ary metabolite of the marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica,1,2 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of the 20S proteasome that is currently in development for the treatment of cancer.3 Although structurally related to omuralide (2),4 a ti-lactone derived from the natural product lactacystin,5 salinosporamide A (1) contains several unique substituents, including a cyclo- hexene ring in place of the isopropyl group at C-5 and a chloroethyl group in place of methyl at C-2 (Chart 1), which collectively enhance its potency both in vitro and in vivo.1,6 We have recently shown that analogues with leaving groups such as bromine or iodine in place of chlorine are equipotent with 1 across a variety of biological assays. We also reported that cleavage of the ti-lactone ring results in intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the chloroethyl group and concomitant formation of a tetrahydrofuran ring (3; Scheme 1). Together, these findings led us to propose a mechanistic role for the chloroethyl substituent.6 † Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich. ‡ Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry. § Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1)Feling, R. H.; Buchanan, G. O.; Mincer, T. J.; Kauffman, C. A.; Jensen, P. R.; Fenical, W. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 355. (2)Maldonado, L. A.; Fenical, W.; Jensen, P. R.; Kauffman, C. A.; Mincer, T. J.; Ward, A. C.; Bull, A. T.; Goodfellow, M. Int. J. Syst. EVol. Microbiol. 2005, 55, 1759. (3)Chauhan, D. et al. Cancer Cell, 2005, 8, 407. (4)Corey, E. J.; Li, W. Z. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47, 1. (5)Omura, S.; Matsuzaki, K.; Fujimoto, T.; Kosuge, K.; Furuya, T.; Fujita, S.; Nakagawa, A. J. Antibiotics 1991, 44, 117. (6)Macherla, V. R. et al. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 3684. Chart 1. Structures of Salinosporamides A (1) and B (4), and Omuralide (2), Derived from Lactacystin Since FDA approval of Velcade for the treatment of multiple myeloma in 2003, the 20S proteasome has represented a validated target for the treatment of cancer.7 This multicatalytic proteolytic complex plays a critical role in intracellular processes such as cell cycle regulation and cytokine-stimulated signal transduction.8 Current understanding of proteasomal structural biology has benefited from previous detailed studies, which have (7)Bross, P. F. et al. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004, 10, 3954. (8)Adams, J. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2004. 5136 9 J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2006, 128, 5136-5141 10.1021/ja058320b CCC: $33.50 © 2006 American Chemical Society Crystal Structures of Salinosporamides A and B A R T I C L E S Scheme 1. Mechanism of Hydrolysis and Further Rearrangement of 1 in Aqueous Solution (R ) H) and Analogous Reaction Sequence that Occurs in the Binding Pocket of the Proteasome CP to Form 5 (R ) Thr1Oγ)6 revealed 28 subunits forming four stacked rings.9,10 The two central rings each contain three subunits (ti 5, ti2, and ti1) that catalyze substrate hydrolysis with the following specificities: chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), trypsin-like (T-L), and PGPH or caspase-like (CA-L) activity, respectively. These six catalytic subunits each possess an N-terminal nucleophilic threonine residue and are thus members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family of enzymes.11 Proteasome CPs have substrate binding channels of about eight amino acids in length, denoted S1-S8. The S1 binding pocket is involved in key enzyme- substrate interactions during hydrolysis of peptide bonds and confers specificity to each of the catalytic subunits. Understand- ing of the molecular mechanism of this catalytic machinery has evolved from detailed studies of the 20S proteasome core particle (CP) in complex with a wide variety of inhibitors, including 2 (derived from its naturally occurring precursor lactacystin) and epoxomicin, two natural product proteasome inhibitors that form covalent adducts with the catalytic threonine residue.9,12 Given the structural similarities between 1 and 2, it is reasonable to expect that the ti-lactone ring of 1 reacts similarly to 2, forming an ester linkage between the Thr1OHγ and the ti-lactone carbonyl. However, the enhanced potency of 1 requires further explanation. We therefore determined the structure of 1 in complex with the yeast 20S proteasome, presented herein at 2.8 Å resolution. For comparative analysis, we also evaluated an analogous complex comprising the recently described deschloro analogue 46,13 and the proteasome CP at 2.9 Å resolution. 2.Results and Discussion Salinosporamide A (1) was cocrystalized with the yeast 20S proteasome by soaking a single proteasome crystal with 1 for 60 min at a final concentration of 5 mM; a complex with compound 4 was prepared similarly. Crystallographic refinement started from the coordinates of the yeast 20S proteasome9 followed by anisotropic overall temperature factor correction and positional refinement using CNS14 and cyclic 2-fold symmetry averaging using MAIN.15 Electron density maps (9)Groll, M.; Ditzel, L.; Lo¨we, J.; Stock, D.; Bochtler, M.; Bartunik, H. D.; Huber, R. Nature 1997, 386, 463. (10)Lo¨we, J.; Stock, D.; Jap, B.; Zwickl, P.; Baumeister, W.; Huber, R. Science 1995, 268, 533. (11)Groll, M.; Bochtler, M.; Brandstetter, H.; Clausen, T.; Huber, R. Chem- BioChem 2005, 6, 222. (12)Groll, M.; Kim, K. B.; Kairies, N.; Huber, R.; Crews, C. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1237. (13)Williams, P. G.; Buchanan, G. O.; Feling, R. H., Kauffman, C. A.; Jensen, P. R.; Fenical, W. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 6196. (14)Bru¨nger, A. et al. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D 1998, 1, 905. (15)Turk, D. 1992. Improvement of a programm for molecular graphics and manipulation of electron densities and its application for protein structure determination. Thesis, Technische Universitaet Muenchen. calculated with phases after averaging allowed a detailed interpretation of compounds 1 and 4 (Figure 1). Both inhibitors are covalently bound to the N-terminal threonine residues of all six catalytic subunits. These findings are in contrast to results achieved with omuralide (2), which was found to occupy only the two ti5 subunits.9 The experimental electron density map of 1 in complex with subunit ti5 is shown in Figure 1a. As anticipated based on previous studies with 2,9 the carbonyl carbon atom derived from the ti-lactone ring is covalently bound to the catalytic N-terminal Thr1Oγ. Uniquely, however, C3-O forms a cyclic tetrahydro- furan (THF) ring with the C-2 side chain (5). These findings, together with the knowledge that 3 (which contains a free carboxylic acid and preformed THF ring) does not inhibit the proteasome (IC50 > 20 mM),6 support a two-step mechanism in which addition of Thr1OHγ to the ti-lactone carbonyl is followed by nucleophilic addition of C-3O to the chloroethyl group, giving rise to cyclic ether 5. The reactivity at the enzyme active site is analogous to the pathway predicted from reactions in aqueous solution (Scheme 1).6 To directly compare salinosporamides A (1) and B (4) with omuralide (2) in their bound forms, subunit ti5 of the various CP/inhibitor complexes were structurally superimposed (rms values for all atoms of CP/1 versus CP/4 and for CP/1 versus CP/2 are 0.36 Å and 0.49 Å, respectively) (Figure 1d). Comparison of all three crystal structures reveals a unique binding mechanism for this class of inhibitors. Key interactions (Figure 2) comprise the covalent bond with Thr1Oγ and hydrophobic interactions between the C-5 substituent and the S1 binding pocket, as well as strong implications of an important role for C-3O in the inhibition and an irreversible binding mechanism. With respect to the ligands, 1 is structurally distinct from 2 and 4 by virtue of its leaving group ability. The unreactive methyl and ethyl C-2 substituents of 2 and 4, respectively, circumvent formation of the THF ring. The positions of the methylene carbons of the bound form of 1 are fixed by the THF ring, while the corresponding carbon atoms of 4 are unrestricted and assume a different orientation. The C-2 substituents project into empty space. Thus, there is sufficient space to accommodate a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a THF ring, and perhaps larger side chains, some examples of which have been reported previously.6,19 However, because the S2 pocket is an open cavity, there are no apparent contacts between P2 (the C-2 substituent) and the protein. It is therefore difficult to predict the optimal structure for the side chain based on the X-ray crystal structure of the complex. The C-3 methyl group of 1 and 4 points toward a small pocket and weakly interacts with the protein. Clearly, both a hydrogen (2) and a methyl group are accommodated within this pocket, with the latter having distances of e3.6 Å to neighboring residues Arg19O, Thr21N, Thr21Oγ, and Tyr168O. Previously reported results for a fermentation analogue containing an ethyl group at this position demonstrate that this compound does not inhibit the proteasome.6 This is consistent with the structural (16)Merritt, E. A.; Murphy M. E. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D 1994, 1, 869. (17)Esnouf, R. M. J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 1997, 15, 132, 112. (18)Nicholls, A.; Sharp, K.; Honig, B. Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet. 1991, 11, 281ff. (19)Stadler, M. et al. International Application Published Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, WO 2004/071382 A2. Figure 1. Stereo representation of the CT-L active site of the yeast 20S proteasome (subunit ti5, white; subunit ti6, gray) in complex with (a) Salinosporamide A and (b) Salinosporamide B (colored in cyan). Covalent linkage of inhibitors with Thr1 is drawn in magenta. Met45 (orange) of subunit ti5 specifically interacts with the P1-side chain of both ligands. Electron density maps (green) are contoured from 1σ in similar orientations around Thr1 (black) with 2FO-FC coefficients after 2-fold averaging. Apart from the bound inhibitor molecules, structural changes were only noted in the specificity pockets. Temperature factor refinement indicates full occupancies of all inhibitor binding sites. Inhibitors have been omitted for phasing.16,17 (c) Surface model of 1 bound to subunit ti5. Thr1 (white) is covalently linked to the inhibitor. Colors indicate positive and negative electrostatic potentials contoured from 15kT/e (intense blue) to -15kT/e (intense red).18 (d) Superposition of the coordinates of 1 (green) and 4 (blue) with 2 (orange). The protein is represented as coils, whereas ligands, Thr1 (black), and Met45 (color coded according to the various inhibitors) are shown as ball-and-stick representation. Note the similar binding mode for all three inhibitors within the active site of the proteasome but different architecture of the S1 pocket due to the relative position of Met45 in the presence of 1 and 4 versus 2. Groll et al. data reported herein, which indicate that the ethyl group is too large and would result in steric interactions that do not accommodate binding. With respect to C-5OH, we have previously shown that epimerization or oxidation to the ketone results in analogues that do not show any proteasomal inhibition.6 The crystal- lographic data presented herein indicate that both forms would introduce unfavorable steric interactions with the protein (specifically, epi-C-5sOH would clash with Lys33, and C-5d O would clash with Arg19CO). In contrast, the reduced form of 1 containing a methylene group at C-5 is a potent proteasome inhibitor, albeit 20-fold weaker than 1 in terms of CT-L inhibition.20 This is consistent with findings for the C-5H2 analogue of 2, which was over 10-fold less potent than omuralide.4 The diminished potency of the C5-H2 analogue suggests an important role for C5-OH in 1, 2, and 4. In all three crystal structures, hydrogen bonds are evident between C-5-OH and Thr21NH. In terms of the γ-lactam ring, the amide NH binds to Gly47O (2.9 Å). The most critical observations deduced from the crystal structures of the ligand/CP complexes reported herein relate to the consequences of ti-lactone ring opening and our proposal for the mechanism for irreversible binding of Salinosporamide A. It is therefore important to discuss the catalytic mechanism in some detail (Scheme 2). The collective data from this and previous studies10,21 support a mechanism whereby nucleophilic addition of Thr1Oγ to the substrate peptide bond carbonyl is catalyzed by a deprotonated N-terminus, which is positioned to accept the Thr1Oγ proton, either directly or via a water molecule. Peptide bond cleavage likely occurs through a tetrahedral intermediate in which the oxyanion is stabilized by Gly47N. Finally, the deprotonated N-terminus catalyzes the addition of a nucleophilic water molecule to the Thr1Oγ-CO acyl ester intermediate, cleaving the ester bond (Scheme 2a). A structurally prearranged water molecule termed NUK was previously implicated in shuttling a proton between Thr1Oγ and the N-terminus during this process.10,22 Our current evaluation indicates that unligated forms of the proteasome CP retain a series of well-defined water molecules23 in close proximity to Gly47N, in the vicinity of Thr1Oγ, and adjacent to Thr1N. This suggests that there is not just a single water molecule involved in proton shuttling but a defined number of water molecules comprising a small hydrogen bonding network that are activated by the formation of hydrogen bonds to the protein. Interestingly, the structures of the CP in complex with 1, 2, and 4 indicate that the water molecules are generally disordered. Significantly, after the lactone ring of 2 or 4 is cleaved, C-3OH occupies the position formerly assumed by a well-defined water molecule in the unligated form. The γ-lactam ring prevents free rotation about the C-3/C-4 bond, helping to maintain C-3O in this position. In 1, C-3O is similarly situated and further fixed in position by the THF ring. As the preferred trajectory of nucleophilic addition24,25 is along the path approximately (20)Reed, K. A.; Manam, R. R.; Mitchell, S. S.; Chao, T.; Teisan, S.; Lam, K. S.; Potts, B. C. M., in preparation. (21)Groll, M.; Heinemeyer, W.; Ja¨ger, S.; Ullrich, T.; Bochtler, M.; Wolf, D. H.; Huber, R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 10976. (22)Ditzel, L.; Huber, R.; Mann, K.; Heinemeyer, W.; Wolf, D. H.; Groll, M. J. Mol. Biol. 1998, 279, 1187. (23)The electron density in this region is rather large, indicating that there are more water molecules (about 3 to 4). It also has high I/SigmaI values, indicating that these locations are specific. Crystal Structures of Salinosporamides A and B A R T I C L E S Figure 2. Key contacts between amino acids of the ligand binding site of the 20S proteasome core particle and 1 (left) and 4 (right). Atoms within hydrogen bonding distance are shown in purple. Hydropobic interactions between P1 (cyclohexene) and S1 are shown in yellow. perpendicular to the plane of the ester group, the two possible faces of attack on Thr1Oγ-CO by water are blocked by C3-O on one side of the plane (re) and by the P1 side chain (C-5 substituent) and protein residues on the other side of the plane (si). By blocking access to nucleophilic water, C-3O would be expected to interfere with deacylation of Thr1Oγ. However, based on published data for a synthetic analogue of 2, the covalent ester bond between the proteasome and inhibitors 2 and 4 should be slowly reversible.26 The reversibility could be attributed to aqueous hydrolysis, suggesting that water may ultimately penetrate this "C-3O barrier." Alternatively, it may result from reformation of the ti-lactone ring. The energetics of both pathways is not defined,27 but the N-terminus could catalyze either of these reactions by deprotonating C-3OH, which is well positioned to deacylate ThrOγ, or a water molecule. In the case of 1, C-3O is engaged in the THF ring, circumventing any possibility of regenerating the ti-lactone. Finally, based on the mechanism outlined above for substrate hydrolysis, it is reasonable to hypothesize that upon opening the ti-lactone ring of 2 and 4, the Thr1Oγ proton is transferred to C-3O (instead of water). As C-3OH is within hydrogen bonding distance of the N-terminus (2.7 Å), a partial positive charge is effectively placed on Thr1NH2. In the case of 1, upon opening of the ti-lactone ring, the N-terminus is positioned to abstract the proton from C-3OH and catalyze formation of the cyclic ether. In the final adduct, C-3O is tied up within the THF ring (3.6 Å from the N-terminus) and therefore not protonated, thus, the proximal N-terminus fully absorbs the proton and bears the full positive charge. While the partially protonated N-terminus (in the presence of 2 and 4) might retain some potential to catalyze deacylation (vide supra), the fully protonated N-terminus (in the presence of 1) should be completely inactivated, rendering the proteasome irreversibly inhibited.28 In addition to the unique protonation states of the N-terminus resulting from interactions with 1 versus 4, the improved potency of 1 may be further attributed to the C-2 substituent as follows. While both molecules contain flexible C-2 side chains that putatively generate entropic loss upon binding, the chloroethyl "trigger" of 1 may provide an enthalpically and entropically favorable binding mechanism associated with the release of HCl. Thus, the chlorine may enhance proteasome inhibition through more favorable binding energy while providing the parallel benefit of increased potential for membrane permeability.29 It is interesting to note that omuralide (2) is found in nature in the form of its precursor thioester lactacystin, which contains a free C3-OH group (Chart 1). In contrast, thioesters of 1 have not been reported; such forms of the molecule would give rise to chlorine elimination, prematurely releasing this trigger. A final point of discussion relates to the impact of increasing the size of the P1 site (i.e., the C-5 substituent) from an isopropyl group (2) to a cyclohexenyl ring (1 and 4). These substituents interact with Met45 of the ti5 S1 binding pocket, which is involved in key enzyme-substrate interactions during hydrolysis of peptide bonds containing hydrophobic amino acids (i.e., CT-L activity).30 To accommodate the larger cyclohexenyl ring of 1 and 4, Met45 shifts 2.7 Å from its position in the 2/ti5 structure (24)Huber, R.; Bode, W. Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 114-122. (25)Bu¨rgi, H. B.; Dunitz; J. D.; Shefter, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5065. (26)While 2 has been reported to bind irreversibly to the proteasome (Fenteany, G.; Standaert, R. F.; Lane, W. S.; Choi, S.; Corey, E. J.; Schreiber, S. L. Science 1995, 268, 726), data on a closely related synthetic analogue PS- 519 indicate that the binding, while covalent, is reversible, with full recovery of blood 20S proteasome activity to basal levels within 24 h post administration (Shah, I. M.; Lees, K. R.; Pien, C. P.; Elliot, P. J. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002, 54, 269). In contrast, blood 20S proteasome activity was only partially recovered after 7 days in mice treated with 1;3 this recovery (Figure 1d). Although the flexibility of side chains in proteins makes it difficult to predict optimal substitution at this site, we note that 1 and 4 are more potent inhibitors of the CT-L activity of rabbit 20S proteasome31 than 2 (IC50 2.6 nM, 27 nM, and 57 nM, respectively).6 Our structural data indicate that additional hydrophobic interactions are found between atoms of the may be attributed to red blood cell turnover. (27)In studies of ti-lactone inhibitors of serine proteases, it has been suggested that the initial acyl-enzyme intermediate formation may be largely driven by relief of the high strain energy of the ti-lactone ring and that the putative tetrahedral intermediate may not be stabilized by an oxyanion hole, i.e., may not be enzymatically driven (Kim, D.; Park, J.; Chung, S. J.; Park, J. D.; Park, N.; Han, J. H. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2002, 10, 2553). Reformation of the ti-lactone ring would require overcoming a high energy barrier. Although this might be enzymatically catalyzed, once reformed, it would be expected to once again react quickly with the ThrOγ nucleophile. (28)A similar mechanism has been proposed for the inhibition of serine proteases. See Li, Z.; Bulychev, A.; Kotra, L. P.; Massova, I.; Mobashery, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 13003. (29)1 is 2-3 log units more potent in whole cell assays than 4,6 which may be partially attributed to enhanced membrane permeability. (30)Because 2 does not bind to ti1 and ti2 in the crystal structure, our discussions are focused on ti5. (31)A structural superposition of a yeast wild-type core particle and bovine liver core particle shows a near perfect fit, validating structural comparisons of yeast and mammalian proteasome structures. Scheme 2 a Groll et al. a (a) Hydrolysis of the peptide substrate as catalyzed by the active site amino acids. The unprotonated N-terminus catalyzes the abstraction of the Thr1Oγ proton and nucleophilic addition of Thr1Oγ to the substrate carbonyl, which results in hydrolysis of the peptide bond via a tetrahedral intermediate. Deacylation of Thr1Oγ is catalyzed by an unprotonated N-terminus. (b) Thr1Oγ is similarly acylated by the inhibitor as has been described for the peptide substrate and might similarly occur through a tetrahedral intermediate (not shown).27 Cleavage of the acyl-ester intermediate by the nucleophilic water molecule is challenged by the spacial arrangement of C-3O of the inhibitor at the active site. In the case of 2 and 4, the N-terminus is positioned for hydrogen bonding with the inhibitor C-3OH. In the case of 1, chlorine is eliminated and the N-terminus is fully protonated. cyclohexene ring and residues of the S1-pocket for subunit ti5, thus corresponding to the enhanced potency of 1 and 4 as compared to 2. Nevertheless, the C-5 substituent presents a relatively limited surface for binding to the enzyme. In the context of proteasome inhibitors, which typically bind to several substrate binding pockets of the proteasome (S1, S3, and S4), 1, 2, and 4 are comparatively short, yet they still show excellent inhibitory activity, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions between the C-5 substituent and the S1 site allow sufficient residence time in the binding pocket for covalent addition by the N-terminal threonine residue to occur. This unique class of ligands may represent the ultimate in efficiency among proteasome inhibitors.32 The C-5 substituent provides sufficient interaction with the S1 binding site to allow the highly reactive ti-lactone ring to form a covalent adduct with Thr1Oγ, resulting in the spontaneous unveiling of C-3O, which is fixed in position by the γ-lactam ring and ultimately protects the inhibitor from hydrolysis and elimination. In the case of the salinosporamides, the cyclohexenyl ring offers additional hydrophobic interactions at the S1 binding site that are not available to omuralide. Furthermore, the unique chlo- roethyl trigger of 1 is expected to provide favorable enthalpic and entropic binding energy, with release of this trigger catalyzed by the N-terminus. In its final cyclic ether form, Salinosporamide A is irreversibly bound by virtue of the "C- 3O barrier" to penetration by water and a fully protonated and deactivated N-terminus that collectively prevent Thr1Oγ from being deacylated. It is difficult to envision a more elegant design than that created by nature, which has provided for streamlined binding, reactivity, and irreversible inhibition in a densely yet (32)Groll, M.; Huber, R. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2004, 1695, 33. minimally functionalized inhibitor. Crystal Structures of Salinosporamides A and B A R T I C L E S 3.Experimental Section Cocrystallization. Crystals of the 20S proteasome from S. cereVisiae were grown in hanging drops at 24 °C as already had been described9 and incubated for 60 min with the natural compound 1 or 4. The protein concentration used for crystallization was 40 mg/mL in Tris-HCl (10 mM, pH 7.5) and EDTA (1 mM). The drops contained 3 µL of protein and 2 µL of the reservoir solution, containing 30 mM of magnesium acetate, 100 mM of morpholino-ethane-sulfonic acid (pH 7.2), and 10% of MPD. The space group belongs to P21 with cell dimensions of about a ) 135 Å, b ) 301 Å, c ) 144 Å, and ti ) 113° (see Supporting Information). Data to 2.8 Å for the CP/1 and to 2.9 Å for the CP/4 complex were collected using synchrotron radiation with λ ) 1.05 Å on the BW6-beamline at DESY/ Hamburg/Germany. Crystals were soaked in a cryoprotecting buffer (30% MPD, 20 mM of magnesium acetate, 100 mM of morpholino-ethane-sulfonic acid pH 6.9) and frozen in a stream of liquid nitrogen gas at 90 K (Oxford Cryo Systems). X-ray intensities were evaluated by using the MOS- FILM program package (version 6.1), and data reduction was performed with CCP4.33 The anisotropy of diffraction was corrected by an overall anisotropic temperature factor by comparing observed and calculated structure amplitudes using the program CNS.14 Electron density was improved by averaging and back transforming the reflections 10 times over the 2-fold noncrystallographic symmetry axis using the program package MAIN.15 Conventional crystallographic rigid body, positional, and temperature factor refinements were carried out with CNS14 using the yeast 20S proteasome structure as a starting model.9 For model building the program MAIN was used. Modeling experiments were performed using the coordinates of yeast 20S proteasome with the program MAIN.15 Protein Data Bank Accession Codes. Coordinates have been deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession code 2FAK. Acknowledgment. Dedicated to William Fenical on the occasion of his 65th Birthday. We are grateful to Gleb Bourenkov for his valuable help during crystal measurements at the Deutsche Electronen Synchrotron facilities in Hamburg. Supporting Information Available: Table of crystallographic data collection and refinement statistics. Complete refs 3, 6, 7, (33) Otwinowski, Z.; Minor, W. Processing of X-ray Diffraction Data Collected in Oscillation Mode. In Macromolecular Crystallography, Part A; Carter, C. W., Jr., Sweet, R. M., Eds.; Methods in Enzymology, Volume 276; Academic Press: New York, 1997; pp 307-326. 14, and 19. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
Diapers that are kind to the environment, even kinder to babies Diapers have become an essential part of modern parenting, but did you know that they are also one of the biggest contributors to global plastic waste? A majority of these disposable diapers end up in landfills and because they are typically non-biodegradable, this causes harm to the environment. Not-so-fun fact: a single use diaper can take up to 500 years to decompose! While parents want what's best for their child, it's also important to be kind to the environment. Luckily, the baby care industry has seen a growth in eco-friendly products, encouraging parents to make more informed and eco-conscious decisions when purchasing essential items for their young ones. For example, a new homegrown sustainable baby products brand called Earth & Me has created Malaysia's first biodegradable baby diapers. Their innovation looks to directly address the alarming environmental impact of conventional diapers. While the conventional diapers take 500 years to decompose, Earth & Me's bamboo diapers biodegrade by over 60 per cent in just 75 days. "At Earth & Me, our mission is twofold. Not only do we strive to safeguard the environment, we also recognise the need to shape the consumption mindset of the next generation. "Through our green baby products, we aim to ignite a paradigm shift: urging parents to embrace a sustainability-first lifestyle that will trickle down to their kids, as well as the planet they will grow up in," said Earth & Me founder Michelle Teh. The diapers are incredibly soft and breathable.The softness would be attributed to its bamboo fibres which are sourced from selected sustainable bamboo forests in China that are strictly free of pesticides and herbicides. Another concern for parents when choosing diapers is buying one that can accommodate sensitive skin. Created with the utmost consideration for delicate babies and their sensitive skin, the diapers are also naturally odour-repellent and contain no heavy metals, chlorine, dyes, brighteners, or artificial fragrances. "As a mother of two myself, I personally felt the need to make sure that diapers — which are a necessity for every growing family — were making a more positive impact on the wellbeing of both the environment and my little ones. "Since newborns take time to build up their natural immunity, it was important to me that Earth & Me's diapers are chemical-free and prioritised the health and comfort of newborns," added Michelle. Earth & Me's biodegradable bamboo diapers are available in a diverse range of sizes from S to XL. The brand also has plans to develop a training pants variation, providing an additional option for growing infants. In addition to its signature baby diapers, Earth & Me also offers baby-friendly natural cleansing wipes. Earth & Me's full catalogue of products are available for purchase on its official online store and ships nationwide. For more information on Earth & Me, visit www.earthnme.co.
Rainwater Harvesting: Quantity, Quality, Economics and State Regulations_Book Download Url(s) Ataur Rahman (Ed.) Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the most popular alternative water source in many urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. Although rainwater is fresh in nature, it gets polluted from atmospheric contaminants, roof catchments, and the RWH system itself. The research questions which are the most relevant to RWH system include the optimum rainwater tank size for a given location and set of users, water quality from a RWH system, financial viability of a RWH system, and state regulations on the use of water from a RWH system. You are invited to submit a technical paper to this Special Issue of Water on these aspects of a RWH system. rainwater harvesting; water regulations; rainwater quality; Rainwater; urban water; water recycling; alternative water supply; water cycle management; stormwater; rainwater economicsWebshop link 9783038427131, 9783038427148Publisher website www.mdpi.com/booksPublication date and place Environmental economics
Your healthcare provider just prescribed sildenafil (generic Viagra) for your erectile dysfunction (ED) symptoms. Awesome! We're glad to hear you've got a treatment. You're probably excited to get your mojo back. But it's also understandable if your head is swimming with questions. Like other PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil is a safe and proven treatment for ED — if used as directed. It's been FDA-approved since 1998, after all. PDE5 is short for phosphodiesterase type 5, and it's an enzyme that's part of a pathway that impacts blood flow to the penis. PDE5 inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme, improving blood flow to your member…and tada — erection! So, what should you know before taking it? We'll dig into how to use sildenafil for ED, what to do if you miss a dose and which side effects and interactions to be aware of. How to Use Sildenafil Like any medication, following your healthcare provider's medical advice is crucial. And yet, it's not always easy to remember complicated dosing guidelines. Let's break it down in simple-to-understand terms. Typical Sildenafil Dosage Healthcare providers can prescribe sildenafil tablets in different doses. The most common are: 25 milligrams 50 milligrams 100 milligrams A typical starting dose of sildenafil is 50 milligrams, which you'd take 30 minutes to four hours before sexy time. Your provider may adjust your dosage depending on your needs and how you respond to the medication. It's also possible to be prescribed doses in multiples of 20 mg, including 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg and 80 mg. In these cases, the tablets you have would actually be the generic form of Revatio, a medication that has the same active ingredient as Viagra but is FDA approved for a different condition (although it can be prescribed off label for ED). When to Take Sildenafil Unlike some other ED meds, you don't take sildenafil every day. Instead, you'll pop one as needed before sexual activity — at least about 30 minutes to an hour before, in most cases. And you shouldn't take it more than once a day. Just so you're aware, the effects typically last up to four hours. What Foods to Avoid Before Taking Sildenafil Some meds can upset your stomach if you don't take them with food. That's not the case with sildenafil. You can take this ED medication with or without food. Having said that, high-fat meals can impact the absorption of sildenafil and lead to (literally) flimsy results. Grapefruit juice can also mess with how the body processes sildenafil. So if you're a half-grapefruit in the a.m. kinda guy, mention that to your healthcare provider. (Related: Viagra Prices: How Much Does Viagra Cost?) What to Do If Sildenafil Doesn't Work Your daily dosage should never exceed 100 milligrams — that's bad-news territory. Not getting results from a 100-milligram dose of sildenafil? Don't try to take more. If you're wondering why sildenafil isn't helping with your lackluster erections, it might be that you need: A different dose A different ED medication Another kind of treatment altogether (like therapy for psychological ED) To better address underlying causes of ED Additionally, taking sildenafil too early (we're talking more than a few hours before having sex) won't produce the effects you're looking for. Your erection is likely to wear off by the time the moment strikes. Yeah, that means you have to do a bit of sex planning when taking sildenafil. But you might be surprised at how sexy the anticipation can be — for you and your partner. Can I Take Expired Sildenafil? Avoid taking sildenafil if it's expired. According to the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), this is why you should skip taking and safely dispose of expired meds: They might be less effective. They might be harboring bacteria (ew). Their chemical composition could be altered, making them unsafe. How can you tell if meds are expired? Check the label for a date, likely next to the abbreviation "Exp." What to Do If You Forget to Take Sildenafil Good news! It doesn't really matter if you forget to take sildenafil because it's designed for you to take it as you need it. But be careful about accidentally doubling up on doses. Missing a dose before sex is no big deal — it might just impact the quality of your erection. However, forgetting you already took sildenafil and taking another dose within 24 hours can lead to complications if you go over 100 milligrams. Sildenafil Side Effects and Interactions When taking any new drug, you should be aware of the potential side effects. The most common side effects of sildenafil include: Stomach upset Nasal congestion Muscle and back pain Blurred vision Most of these mild side effects will go away on their own as your body adapts to taking sildenafil. But sildenafil also comes with some more rare but potentially serious side effects like: Sudden loss of vision (potentially a sign of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or NAION) Loss of hearing Allergic reaction Priapism (an erection lasting longer than four hours) If you experience any of these symptoms after taking sildenafil, seek immediate medical attention. And FYI: Even mild side effects can impact your life. If you get an upset stomach every time you take sildenafil, talk with a healthcare professional. They may recommend changing your dose or switching medications altogether. Another thing: Sildenafil isn't right for everyone. It might be dangerous to use sildenafil if you have certain medical conditions or take certain drugs. Here's what to consider: Heart problems. If your healthcare provider told you not to engage in sexual activity because of a heart condition (like a history of heart attack, heart disease, heart failure, angina or arrhythmia, also known as an irregular heartbeat), it's probably best to abstain from sex and sildenafil. Taking medications for high blood pressure. Using sildenafil when you take medications for high blood pressure or pulmonary arterial hypertension could cause a dangerous, potentially life-threatening dip in blood pressure. Avoid taking sildenafil with nitrates, alpha-blockers or other blood pressure meds like riociguat. Priapism risk. If you have a condition — like sickle cell anemia, leukemia, Peyronie's disease or multiple myeloma — that puts you at higher risk of priapism, you should avoid sildenafil. Retinitis pigmentosa. There's not enough available data to say whether it's safe for people with this eye disease to take sildenafil. Recreational drug use. Sildenafil can interact with the nitrites found in certain recreational drugs popularly known as "poppers,", causing a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Other PDE5 inhibitors. Don't mix sildenafil with other ED drugs, like Cialis, Levitra, Revatio (another brand name for sildenafil) or Stendra. This can put you at risk for low blood pressure. More of something isn't always better! Other drugs. Aside from heart medications and other PDE5 inhibitors, taking sildenafil with ritonavir, ketoconazole, itraconazole or clarithromycin (an antibiotic) can increase the concentration of sildenafil in your body and make you more likely to experience side effects. Supplements. Talk with a healthcare professional before mixing sildenafil with supplements, which aren't regulated in the same way as prescription drugs. (Related: The Best ED Pills for Men) Understanding How to Take Sildenafil If you're living with ED symptoms, you're not alone. ED affects millions of men worldwide. Sildenafil can make it easier to get and keep an erection so you can enjoy a fulfilling sex life. Here's what to remember when taking sildenafil for ED: Take it at least 30 to 60 minutes and no more than four hours before sexual stimulation. Also, avoid high-fat foods or meals that can slow absorption. Don't mix sildenafil with medications that can cause dangerous interactions. Unsure whether your meds are safe to combine with sildenafil? Ask a healthcare professional. Combine sildenafil with healthy habits. Regular exercise, a balanced diet and quality sleep can maximize your overall health and sexual well-being. There are alternative treatments if it doesn't work for you. Other oral erectile dysfunction medications include tadalafil (generic for Cialis), avanafil (Stendra), vardenafil and hard mints chewable ED meds. Your healthcare provider might also recommend adjusting your sildenafil dosage. This article originally appeared on Hims.com and was syndicated by MediaFeed.org More from MediaFeed: 8 Smart Ways to Reduce the Price of Your Prescription Drugs Featured Image Credit: Jelena Danilovic/istockphoto.
TsAGI, WCRC 'Supersonic' at 3rd Young Scientists Congress: Future in Cooperation of Science, Industry, Education 4 December 2023 Dialogue between science, education and business is a cradle of new initiatives and implementation of advanced projects and developments. The 3rd Young Scientists Congress was a discussion platform for national development in research and technology. It was organized by the NRC "Zhukovsky Institute", TsAGI (a part of NRC "Zhukovsky Institute" and a partner of the Congress), and the WCRC 'Supersonic' (the WCRC is coordinated by TsAGI). The Congress was held from November 28 to 30 at Sirius Federal Territory, Sochi. The Congress was attended by Andrey Dutov, General Director at the NRC "Zhukovsky Institute"; Sergey Chernyshev, Chief Scientific Officer at TsAGI, Head of the WCRC 'Supersonic' Laboratory, Vice-President and Academician of the RAS; and Elena Pudalova, Deputy Head of the WCRC 'Supersonic'. With support by TsAGI Center for Transferring Technologies, the Congress organized an expo of TsAGI's innovative developments. It gave a first-ever demonstration of an automatic calibration device with a completely new test accuracy. The expo also showed a real-time operation of quick reparation tools for polymer composite structures. Its another unique showpiece was the upgraded high-temperature heater providing structural tests at temperatures exceeding 2 thousand K. The expo also presented advantages of mobile climatic chambers created at TsAGI for autonomous tests of large technologies for Arctic operability. These innovative developments have already been used to solve relevant R&T problems by different industries. The Congress informed interactively on TsAGI's role in contemporary aircraft industry and on WCRC 'Supersonic' research by showing a teaser, Modeling Future Together: Cooperation Between Science, Industry and Education (Consortia 2.0), on a display video wall. The Congress had a number of activities involving the WCRC 'Supersonic'. The WCRC co-organized a roundtable, WCRC Best Practices in International Research Projects, with Russia's Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the RAS. Moderated by Sergey Chernyshev, the roundtable focused on integrating the world-class research center and world-class mathematical centers with the industry, and on the centers' contribution to international research. The experts exchanged their opinions on the breakthrough challenges of the contemporary geopolitical situation. The Congress also hosted another roundtable, Best Practices of Research-and-Educational Centers 2023, which overviewed best cases of implemented R&T projects and the further plans of their promotion. The roundtable discussed activities of Research-and-Educational Centers—the consortia based on integration of competencies and capabilities of education, science, industry and business. Long-term development of such centers is a prerequisite for domestic progress in research and technology. A core point of the WCRC 'Supersonic' agenda was the strategic session, Modeling Future Together: Cooperation Between Science, Industry and Education (Consortia 2.0). The session discussed proposals on developing research-and-technology and educational consortia, such as the WCRC 'Supersonic', aiming to implement the national project, Science and Universities. The session established cooperation for joint development of world-class research center, world-class mathematical centers, and research-and-educational centers. It continued the pre-Congress meeting of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, which gathered heads of world-class research and mathematical centers. 'Establishing the WCRC 'Supersonic' is a milestone event for domestic aviation science in the recent years, and a strategic area for TsAGI, which initiated this establishment. The WCRC has an ambitious challenge of making Russia internationally competitive in supersonic flight. Its scientists have already achieved great progress; we report on it regularly at different events, such as the Congress. Yet there is need to progress further, and the strategic session is an effective way to assess science consortia's best practices enabling the progress,' said Sergey Chernyshev. Sergey Chernyshev gave a lecture, Contemporary Challenges in Aircraft Engineering and Development of Technological Advance, which considered the influence of current challenges on domestic aircraft. He spoke on global aircraft requirements, such as increased flight safety and environmental performance, and emphasized the importance of stronger technological sovereignty in the area, and the essential role in solving tasks in aviation science represented primarily by close cooperation between the RAS and the NRC "Zhukovsky Institute". Sergey Chernyshev also participated in the special project, Science Lounge: 100 Questions to the Academician, where he answered personally to the questions of young scientists taking part in the Congress. They discussed such topics as composite research, turbulence and activities of schools of science. Young Scientists Congress is a key event in the Decade of Science and Technologies declared by Russian President for increasing role of science and technologies in the key challenges of developing the society and the country. The Congress is the largest platform for dialogue between cutting-edge science, applied science, authorities and real economy; it sets the major trends for Russia's R&T development.
Gluten Free Rice Bubbles Woolworths: More people are worried about their health and the foods they eat, which has caused a huge rise in the demand for gluten-free goods, like Woolworths' gluten-free rice bubbles. Due to the large number of gluten-free alternatives, Woolworths' Gluten-Free Rice Bubbles have become very famous and in high demand among people who have to follow strict dietary restrictions. This introduction talks about how people's awareness of gluten-free products has grown over time, how important products like Gluten-Free Rice Bubbles are seen, and what has made Woolworths a major player in meeting the growing demand for gluten-free options among consumers. As people have learned more about the grain, it has become clear that gluten may be bad for your health. They may have bad reactions to the gluten protein in wheat, barley, and rye. Because of this, more gluten-free options are being sought after by people with a wide range of food needs. Woolworths, a well-known grocery store chain, was one of the first to offer more gluten-free products in answer to this new trend. Woolworths' Gluten-Free Rice Bubbles are popular with people who can't eat gluten because they taste great and are safe to eat. The unique snap, crackle, and pop of Rice Bubbles have been changed to make them easier for people who can't eat gluten. This change is in line with the supermarket's goal to promote variety and meet the unique needs of its customers. Can you get gluten free rice bubbles? Rice Bubbles is now available in Gluten Free! Finding a nutritious breakfast cereal that kids love to eat can be a challenge – Kellogg's® Rice Bubbles® Gluten Free is a great choice – it's both fun and nutritious. Gluten-free Rice Bubbles are available for people to use instead of regular breakfast cereal. You can find gluten-free Rice Bubbles at many well-known grocery shops and supermarkets, such as Woolworths. By going through strict treatment processes to get rid of any gluten residue, these types make sure that people who can't eat gluten can still enjoy their favorite cereal without putting their health at risk. Many times, gluten-free foods like rice or maize are used instead of wheat when making gluten-free rice bubbles. Cross-contamination with gluten-containing substances is avoided during the production process by using special gluten-free manufacturing methods. People with medical problems who need to follow a gluten-free diet strictly need to pay extra attention to the little things. Labels make it easy for people who want gluten-free Rice Bubbles to find wheat-free certifications and claims. In addition to having unique packages, these gluten-free options often also have unique displays in stores. People who are sensitive to gluten should read the labels and pick well-known names to make sure their gluten-free options are safe. Grain-free Rice Bubbles are a safe and tasty option for people who have to follow a gluten-free diet. People with other dietary restrictions can also use them. Are Woolworths' Rice Bubbles gluten-free? Some facts about a product may have been changed, like whether Woolworths' Rice Bubbles are gluten-free or not. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it is best to look at the product package or get in touch with Woolworths directly. Woolworths usually has a wide range of cereals, some of which may have a gluten-free sticker on them. People who are on a gluten-free diet or who are sensitive to gluten can find alternatives that don't contain gluten. If you are especially looking for gluten-free Rice Bubbles at Woolworths, you should check the packaging carefully for any gluten-free certifications or signs. Cross-contamination risks should be taken into account when dealing with gluten-free goods because the way they are made can vary. It is very important to read product labels, look for gluten-free certifications, and stay up to date on product changes to make sure that a product meets your dietary needs. To get the most up-to-date and correct information on whether or not Rice Bubbles are gluten-free, read the package or call Woolworths customer service. In-store staff can give you detailed and up-to-date information about how each Rice Bubbles product is made and what goes into it. Is puffed rice gluten free? Puffed Rice is gluten free. Puffed Rice should be safe for patients with celiac and other gluten-related disorders. In its natural state, puffed rice is usually thought to be gluten-free. The process of making puffed rice involves cooking rice grains to make them expand. This makes the finished product very brittle and light. Still, the gluten-free status of flavored versions could be changed by things like cross-contamination during production or the addition of flavors or other ingredients. People who are sensitive to gluten or have celiac disease should look for puffed rice that is clearly marked as gluten-free and read product labels very carefully. Gluten-containing grains and rice goods can get mixed up if they are processed on the same machines. But it's important to make sure this information is correct by reading the label or calling the maker. When manufacturers are aware of gluten problems, they often take steps to keep products from getting contaminated. Even though it's likely to be gluten-free, those who are thinking about using commercially packaged types of regular puffed rice should be careful and do a lot of study. People who are looking for gluten-free alternatives should choose goods that say they are gluten-free to make sure their dietary needs are met and to lower their risk of getting sick from eating gluten. Seek the advice of doctors or experts for personalized advice on gluten-free diet plans. Are rice bubbles the same as puffed rice? Shipping calculated at checkout. Whole grains of white rice that have been puffed through the application of heat and pressure. Puffed rice and rice bubbles are both made from rice, but they are not the same thing. Extrusion is used to make Rice Bubbles, a type of breakfast cereal that is commonly known by the brand name Rice Krispies. A machine is used to stretch and shape the cooked rice grains, which gives the mélange its famous crispy and puffed texture. A lot of the time, rice bubbles are used as the base for snack foods like Rice Krispies. On the other hand, "puffed rice" is a more general term for rice that has been changed in different ways. Another way to get this result is to pound rice, which involves heating the rice grains until they separate. People all over the world use puffed rice in a wide range of foods and things. People often call this item "versatile" because it can be used in both sweet and savory recipes, trail mixes, and snack bars. "Puffed rice" is a more general term for different ways of making rice pieces bigger, while "Rice Bubbles" refers to a brand's extruded and puffed rice cereal. Because they have different tastes and textures, both can be used in a wide range of recipes. Do Woolworths stock Rice Bubbles without gluten? So that they can meet the needs of all kinds of customers, Woolworths, like many other grocery stores, has a wide range of goods, including gluten-free options. Woolworths may need more wheat-free Rice Bubbles, depending on where you live and how much stock they have. If you have a special need for these things, you should read the labels or ask someone at the mall. Big cereal companies often make gluten-free versions of their well-known goods for customers. Most of the time, gluten-free foods like rice or maize are used in these replacements. For information on whether gluten-free Rice Bubbles are sold in your area, look for goods in the cereal aisle that are labeled "gluten-free." You can also use Woolworths' website or call the store to find out this information. It is recommended to read the product packaging for specific information about the ingredients and any possible cross-contamination risks. However, people who are allergic to or intolerant to gluten should put this first. It is best to check with Woolworths for the most up-to-date information on their product choices and availability, as they may have changed since my last update. Which dry fruit contains gluten? Most dried fruits are gluten-free. Some dried fruits, like dates, could be coated with oat flour to prevent sticking. Oats, and oat flour, should be avoided unless labeled* or certified gluten-free. Most dried fruits don't have gluten because gluten is a protein that is only found in wheat, barley, rye, and related plants. But it would help if you stayed away from some dried fruits that have been processed or flavored because they might have added ingredients that cause gluten. There is a chance that some dried fruits that have been processed or packed with other items may contain gluten. To make sure that dehydrated fruits are gluten-free, they need to be carefully checked against labels and product information. This is especially important if they are mixed with gluten-containing foods or processed in the same building as gluten-containing foods. Dried fruits like prunes, raisins, apricots, figs, and dates are naturally gluten-free and are often eaten. Because they are gluten-free and full of nutrients, fiber, and energy, these vegetables are a great source of food. People who are gluten-sensitive or have celiac disease should be careful when buying processed or pre-packaged dried fruits. They can lower their risks by reading labels carefully or choosing gluten-free options. Because companies sometimes change the ingredients or formulas, it is always important to be careful and read product labels carefully. If you are curious if a certain preserved fruit product contains gluten, you should call the company that makes it. What to consider when starting a Gluten Free diet For the best health and well-being, starting a gluten-free diet needs to be carefully thought out and planned. It is extremely important to learn about foods and goods that contain gluten. People who are on a gluten-free diet need to be very careful when reading product labels and looking for hidden sources of gluten, like wheat, barley, and rye. It is very important to get personalized advice from a certified dietitian or medical worker. They can help you eat a balanced diet while staying away from gluten and finding nutritional deficits. Making sure you get enough nutrients like fiber, iron, calcium, and B vitamins may only work well if you eat foods that contain gluten. A lot of people who are starting a gluten-free diet look into other foods like quinoa, rice, and gluten-free oatmeal. To keep your diet balanced, you need to eat fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, dairy products, and dairy alternatives. People should be especially aware of the risk of cross-contamination when they are eating in places or using public restrooms. Keep cooking surfaces, cookware, and utensils away from each other to avoid accidentally touching gluten. Ultimately, making the switch to a gluten-free lifestyle can be made easier by using community tools and joining support groups. These can offer helpful advice, tasty recipes, and emotional support. To start and stay on a healthy gluten-free diet, you need to do a lot of research, plan, and get professional help. Gluten-free Products There are a lot more gluten-free goods on the market now because more people are following gluten-free diets for celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, or just because they want to. These foods no longer contain gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This means that people who have health problems related to gluten can eat them. The market for gluten-free goods has grown a lot to include a huge range of foods, in addition to bread, pasta, snacks, and cooking supplies. As the need for gluten-free products grows, many respected food companies and manufacturers have come out with new lines of products. To get the same taste and texture as these foods, which usually have gluten in them, flour substitutes like rice, almond, or coconut flour are often used. Because more and more people want them, grocery shops and other stores set aside certain sections or aisles for gluten-free goods. The ease of getting food products helps customers make smart, well-informed buying choices. To accommodate a wider range of tastes, restaurants, and food businesses have responded to this trend by adding gluten-free options to their menus. Non-glucose products are becoming more popular among people who want to live a healthy life, and they are also necessary for people who have medical problems related to gluten. The market for gluten-free products is likely to change as people learn more about how to live a gluten-free life. Better formulations and new products will be made dietary restrictions and tastes. Woolworths has become more aware of and accommodating to its customers' various food needs, as shown by its decision to offer gluten-free Rice Bubbles. By making gluten-free goods, the food industry has made a big step toward inclusivity by catering to people who follow a gluten-free diet for a variety of reasons, such as being sensitive to gluten. Also, by putting gluten-free options like gluten-free Rice Bubbles at the top of their list of priorities, Woolworths is following a larger trend toward healthier and more inclusive food options while also meeting the needs of a specific market group. Since more people are learning about gluten intolerance and celiac disease, Woolworths is a big part of the market's work to make these products easy for everyone to find. Woolworths' addition of gluten-free Rice Bubbles shows how helpful it is to have a wide range of products. It understands that people's tastes and dietary needs are very different and that stores need to change with the times to stay competitive. This move shows that the company wants to improve health and well-being, as well as customer satisfaction.
Schools Positive disruption: apps allowing CRTs to bypass agencies CRT booking apps are cutting out 'the middle person', aka agencies, for the benefit of schools and employees. Ben Grozier, a former casual relief teacher who has worked in education for more than 20 years, "had a light bulb moment" after three different people from one school called him about working that day. "I said yes to the first one, and, obviously had to then say no to the other two. I asked myself, 'How's this process so inefficient?'" This was the catalyst for his ClassCover app, a "disruptive technology" ten years in the making. "You have educators spending a vast amount of admin time trying to book CRTs. We've made that much more efficient, cutting those hours and hours down to a 30-second process on a bit of technology." In Victoria, CRTs have historically been employed in one of two ways: directly by school councils or through various employment agencies. While schools pay the higher, AEU-negotiated ministerial order rates, agencies are only required to pay minimum award rates. This can mean a difference of almost $100 a day for performing the same work. But now there's a third option in the mix, with CRT booking apps providing a "finder service" that either employ teachers directly, offering ministerial order rates without commissions or fees from CRTs, or maintain schools as the employer. Spark, Canuwork and ClassCover are among the new apps connecting schools with available relief teachers in their area. Ben believes that here in Victoria, where schools have greater autonomy and agencies have been able to get a foothold and avoid passing on ministerial order rates, CRT apps like his "are 100% a disruptive force". Currently ClassCover has around 300 schools and 120,000 teachers on its platform. Schools pay an annual one-off licence fee based on student enrolments to use the software. The app has a series of features to make the booking process simple, and to help maintain the school's records. "The schools still run the payroll," says Ben. "So, they pay the ministerial order rates, and the casual teachers get 100% of that. There are no commissions." "Any app that puts more money in the back pocket of casual relief teachers can only be a good thing." James Moio, a teacher for seven years, also had the rights of CRTs front of mind when developing his booking app, Spark. "I got to know a lot of teachers working for agencies who were not happy with losing their commission. Fortunately, my best friend is into tech, so we combined my background with his tech skills to create an app that would ensure CRTS get paid the maximum daily rate," says James. Spark is a location-based service enabling schools, which pay a flat fee per placement, to connect with nearby teachers. "The heightened visibility of available teachers on our app allows our schools to see who is available and when, and contact them directly," James explains. "It's a much more efficient booking process. Instead of having to wake up and call an agency, we're cutting out that middle-person." He says Spark's most prominent feature is the 'favourites' option. Once a CRT has worked at a school they can favourite it, and vice versa. This allows the school to automatically book in that teacher, if available, and helps teachers return to schools they know and like. AEU deputy vice president (secondary) Marino D'Ortenzio says that while these app developers are in the business of making money, the union is pleased that this is not at the expense of workers' wages and conditions. "They are not altruistic. But a lot of them came from the profession and wanted to make it easier for CRTs and schools – and, importantly, to pay CRTs a proper rate. Whether they pay the ministerial order rate directly, or put the cost back on the school, the cost is not on the CRT," says Marino. "We have long had concerns about agencies and the low rates they pay. So, if the result is to drive up the wages for workers and to reduce workload for schools, we think it's a good thing for this sort of disruption to happen." Ben agrees. Acknowledging that ClassCover is operating in a competitive industry, he believes: "Any app that provides schools with additional choice and also puts more money in the back pocket of casual relief teachers can only be a good thing." James says current teacher shortages mean apps like Spark have arrived at an opportune time. "There's clearly a massive demand for relief teachers. We're not solving the issue of teacher shortages, but we're heightening the visibility of available CRTs and making sure they're paid that maximum rate."
Aragón is in north-eastern Spain, bordered by France to the north, La Rioja and Navarra to the west and Cataluña to the east. It's flanked by two significant mountain ranges: the Pyrenees to the north, and the Sistema Ibérico to the south (separating the region from the Meseta). The Ebro River flows through the central part of the region, creating a landscape of rolling hills and vast plains. The climate is continental, with wide diurnal temperature ranges and seasonal temperature swings. The cold "cierzo" winds blowing from the north, lead to a slower ripening of the grapes A grape it's impossible not to get excited about is Garnacha, which is without a doubt the signature grape and pride of Aragón. After a long-standing debate about the grape's true homeland, the current consensus is that it's indigenous to this region. By the end of 19th century, Garnacha was still rather undervalued (due to its alleged oxidative character) and used solely in wine blends and even then, rarely playing a starring role. But after phylloxera hit Aragón it was fortunately replanted, and the grape has thus been revitalized in all its splendor. In the 1990s, a number of producers from the region banded together to protect and uphold the vinous legacy of their older vines and showcase the uniqueness of their native grape. Today, Garnacha is the most-planted variety in the three DOPs located south of the Ebro River (Calatayud, Campo de Borja and Cariñena). In contrast, in the northernmost DOP Somontano, international varieties have a stronghold, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay amounting to 65% of all vineyard land.
Weight loss surgery is a valuable tool that can significantly improve your health and well-being alongside lifestyle modifications. Ricia Taylor, a registered dietitian nutritionist and certified care and diabetes educator from Bariatric Innovations of Atlanta and Northside's Surgery & Weight Management Program, shares valuable insights into crafting an effective meal plan post-weight loss surgery. Prioritize protein. Protein plays a critical role in the post-surgery diet. Sources such as chicken, beef, fish, eggs, Greek yogurt and milk should be the primary component of a meal. Ricia advises consuming protein-rich foods first to optimize nutrient intake within the limited stomach capacity post-surgery. Avoid high-calorie beverages. Ricia cautions against consuming beverages such as soda, juice and sugary coffee drinks, which can occupy valuable stomach space needed for nutrient-dense foods. Opting for low-calorie alternatives helps maintain optimal nutrition post-surgery. By adhering to these practical tips and others, and adopting a mindful approach to nutrition, you can enhance your overall quality of life and achieve sustainable weight loss. Find more weight management solutions from the Northside Hospital Surgery & Weight Management Program.
Are you looking to improve your chances of getting pregnant? Incorporating nutrient-rich seeds into your diet could be a great way to boost your fertility. Seeds are not only packed with essential vitamins and minerals, but they also contain healthy fats and proteins that are crucial for reproductive health. In this article, we will explore some of the top seeds that can help increase your fertility and improve your chances of conceiving. Chia Seeds Chia seeds are a powerhouse of nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, antioxidants, and minerals like calcium and magnesium. These tiny seeds have been shown to help regulate hormones, improve egg quality, and increase sperm count in men. Adding chia seeds to your diet can also help balance blood sugar levels and reduce inflammation, both of which are important factors for fertility. Flaxseeds are another great seed for boosting fertility. They are rich in lignans, a type of plant compound that has been shown to improve hormonal balance and increase blood flow to the reproductive organs. Flaxseeds also contain omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for egg and sperm health. Adding flaxseeds to your diet can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve the chances of conception. Pumpkin Seeds Pumpkin seeds are a good source of zinc, a mineral that is crucial for reproductive health. Zinc plays a key role in the production of hormones like testosterone and estrogen, as well as in the development of healthy eggs and sperm. Pumpkin seeds also contain antioxidants, protein, and magnesium, which can help reduce stress and promote relaxation, both of which are important for fertility. Sunflower Seeds Sunflower seeds are rich in vitamin E, which has been shown to improve fertility in both men and women. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that can protect reproductive cells from damage and improve their function. Sunflower seeds also contain other essential nutrients like selenium, which is important for sperm production, and folate, which is crucial for preventing birth defects. Adding sunflower seeds to your diet can help increase your chances of getting pregnant. Sesame Seeds Sesame seeds are another nutrient-rich seed that can help improve fertility. They are a good source of calcium, which is important for hormone regulation and healthy egg development. Sesame seeds also contain zinc, iron, and vitamin B6, all of which are essential for reproductive health. Adding sesame seeds to your diet can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve your chances of conception. Incorporating nutrient-rich seeds into your diet is a simple and effective way to boost your fertility and improve your chances of getting pregnant. Chia seeds, flaxseeds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and sesame seeds are all great options to include in your daily meals. These seeds are not only packed with essential vitamins and minerals, but they also contain healthy fats and proteins that are crucial for reproductive health. By adding these seeds to your diet, you can regulate your hormones, improve egg and sperm health, and increase your chances of conception. So, start incorporating these seeds into your meals today and take a step closer to fulfilling your dream of starting a family.
Discover the benefits of eating seasonally and how it can positively impact your health and the environment. Learn why you should make this mindful choice and explore the FAQs for a deeper insight. The Art of Eating Seasonally: A Healthy Choice In today's fast-paced world, where convenience often takes precedence over nutrition, the concept of eating seasonally might seem like an old fashioned idea. But when you look closer, you'll see it's not just about tradition or following trends – it's about making a healthier choice for yourself and the Earth. Let's find out why embracing seasonal eating is a great idea. Why You Should Eat Seasonally Eating what's in season isn't just a passing trend; it's a smart way to take care of your body and the environment. Here's why you should consider making it a part of your life: 1. Health Benefits Galore When you eat fruits and vegetables in season, you're consuming them at their nutritional peak. These foods are bursting with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, giving your body a natural boost. Seasonal produce is not only more nutritious but also tastier, making it easier to maintain a balanced diet. 2. Environmentally Friendly Choosing seasonal foods can help reduce your carbon footprint. When you pick local, in-season produce, it doesn't have to travel far to reach your plate. That means fewer emissions from transportation and more support for local farmers, making our food system greener. 3. Cost-Effective Seasonal foods are often more affordable because they're abundant when they're at their tastiest. This means you can save money on groceries and still enjoy fresh, high-quality ingredients. 4. Varied and Exciting Meals Seasonal eating encourages you to get creative in the kitchen. As the seasons change, so does the variety of foods available, inspiring you to try new recipes and flavors. Say goodbye to food boredom! 5. Reduced Chemical Exposure Seasonal produce is less likely to be exposed to harmful chemicals. Since they grow in their natural environment, they need fewer synthetic inputs. That's good news for your health and your family's safety. 6. Support for Local Farmers When you choose seasonal foods, you're supporting local farmers and helping your community's agriculture thrive. This support is vital for keeping farmlands healthy and ensuring a fresh, sustainable food supply. 7. Reduced Food Waste Seasonal eating means you're less likely to buy out-of-season items that spoil quickly. That's a big win in the fight against food waste, which is a global concern. 8. Greater Taste Sensation Seasonal foods get to ripen naturally, which makes them tastier. You'll savor more delicious and satisfying meals that make your taste buds dance. FAQs About Eating Seasonally How can I start eating seasonally? Begin by researching what produce is in season in your region. You can find seasonal eating guides here along with amazing seasonal friendly recipes: Is eating seasonally more expensive? Not at all! Seasonal produce is often more budget-friendly because it's in abundance. You'll likely find great deals on fresh fruits and vegetables during their peak season. Can I eat seasonally year-round? Yes, you can! While certain fruits and vegetables are only available during specific seasons, many can be preserved or frozen for consumption throughout the year. Canning and freezing are excellent ways to enjoy seasonal foods even when they're out of season. Does seasonal eating have any impact on the environment? Absolutely. Choosing seasonal, locally sourced foods reduces the environmental impact associated with long-distance transportation. It promotes sustainable agricultural practices and supports the preservation of farmlands. Are there any downsides to eating seasonally? One potential challenge is that you might need to adjust your cooking and meal planning based on what's in season. However, this can also be an exciting opportunity to try new recipes and flavors. Can I still enjoy my favorite foods if they're not in season? Of course! Seasonal eating is about making mindful choices, but it doesn't mean you can't indulge in your favorite treats occasionally. Balance is key to maintaining a healthy relationship with food. Embracing seasonal eating is not just a trend but a conscious decision that benefits your health, the environment, and local communities. By choosing to eat seasonally, you're making a positive impact on your well-being, reducing your carbon footprint, and supporting the sustainability of our food system. So, the next time you're at the market, consider selecting what's in season—it's a small but meaningful step towards a healthier, happier you and a greener planet.
The Art of Conclusion: Leaving a Lasting Impression Concluding an essay is an art in itself. It's the final chord in your symphony, the closing act in your play, the last brushstroke on your canvas. A powerful conclusion does more than merely summarize the essay; it leaves a lasting impression on the reader, echoing in their mind long after they've finished reading. Let's dive into the art of crafting a conclusion that not only encapsulates your key points but also resonates with impact and memorability. Understanding the Purpose of a Conclusion A conclusion serves several vital functions in an essay: - Summarization: It succinctly recaps the main points or arguments. - Closure: It provides a sense of completion and finality. - Lasting Impression: It leaves the reader with something to ponder or reflect upon. Crafting an Effective Conclusion Step 1: Restate Your Thesis Start by revisiting your thesis statement. This doesn't mean repeating it verbatim but rather rephrasing it in a way that reflects the journey of your essay. Show how your arguments have substantiated or evolved from your original thesis. Step 2: Summarize Key Points Briefly recap the main points of your essay. Be careful not to regurgitate content; instead, distill the essence of your arguments in a way that reinforces your thesis. Step 3: Synthesize, Don't Just Summarize A great conclusion goes beyond mere summary; it synthesizes the key points, weaving them together into a cohesive whole that underlines your essay's central message. Techniques for a Memorable Conclusion Technique 1: Echo the Introduction Create a sense of symmetry by echoing themes, questions, or scenarios presented in your introduction. This technique brings the reader full circle. Technique 2: Pose a Provocative Question Leave your reader with a thought-provoking question. This encourages them to ponder your essay's topic further and can deepen the impact of your arguments. Technique 3: End with a Quotation A well-chosen quote can provide a powerful closing note. Choose a quotation that encapsulates your main themes or offers a fresh perspective on your topic. Technique 4: Call to Action If appropriate for your essay, end with a call to action, urging your reader to think, feel, or act in a certain way. This can make your conclusion feel dynamic and purposeful. Technique 5: Look to the Future Offer predictions or suggestions about what the future might hold regarding your topic. This can leave the reader considering the implications of your essay long after they've finished reading. Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Conclusions - New Information: Avoid introducing new arguments or evidence in the conclusion. This should have been covered in the body of your essay. - Overly Emotional Appeals: While emotional impact is important, avoid overly sentimental appeals that may seem manipulative. - Repetition: Be cautious of simply repeating your introduction or parts of your body paragraphs. Your conclusion should offer a fresh perspective. The Role of Tone in Your Conclusion The tone of your conclusion should match the overall tone of your essay. Whether academic, persuasive, reflective, or informative, ensure that your concluding tone aligns with the message you've conveyed throughout your essay. Crafting a Conclusion for Different Types of Essays The nature of your conclusion can vary depending on the type of essay: - Argumentative Essays: Reinforce your argument and emphasize the significance of your findings. - Narrative Essays: Offer a final reflection or lesson learned from the story. - Descriptive Essays: Leave a vivid final image or impression that encapsulates your description. - Expository Essays: Highlight the importance of the information or analysis presented. Using the Conclusion to Address Limitations Acknowledge any limitations or unanswered questions in your essay. This can demonstrate humility and a critical understanding of your topic. The Power of Reflective Conclusions In some essays, particularly personal or reflective ones, concluding with a personal insight or revelation can add depth and intimacy to your writing. Crafting a Universally Resonant Conclusion Aim for a conclusion that resonates on a universal level. Connect your specific topic to broader themes, ideas, or questions that can engage a wide range of readers. Revising Your Conclusion During the revision process, pay special attention to your conclusion. Read it out loud to ensure it flows naturally from the body of your essay and effectively encapsulates your main points. The Last Word: Ensuring Your Conclusion Sticks End your conclusion with a strong, memorable statement. This could be a striking image, a compelling prediction, a thoughtful insight, or a powerful call to action. This final sentence is your last chance to make an impression, so make it count. The art of crafting an effective and memorable conclusion is crucial in the essay-writing process. It's your final opportunity to reinforce your thesis, synthesize your key points, and leave your reader with a lasting impression. By employing these techniques and avoiding common pitfalls, you can create conclusions that not only conclude your argument but also resonate with impact and significance. Remember, a powerful conclusion is the hallmark of a great essay. It can elevate your writing, leaving your reader with a sense of satisfaction, contemplation, and appreciation for your insights. So, as you pen the final words of your essay, consider carefully how you want to leave your reader feeling and what final message you wish to convey. With practice and attention to these strategies, your conclusions can become the defining feature of your essays, memorable for their clarity, insight, and power.
A state of excess parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia, often with skeletal and renal complications. Primary hyperparathyroidism results from a hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands. There is oversecretion of PTH due to adenoma, hyperplasia or, rarely, carcinoma of the parathyroid glands. Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed in about 100,000 Americans per year. Vast majority of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a very rare condition, affecting only about 1 in 78,000 individuals. An autosomal dominant disease, it is due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor gene. Surgery for an individual with FHH is not indicated, as the hypercalcemia would persist. In a minority of cases this occurs as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome, either type 1 (caused by a mutation in the gene MEN1) or type 2a (caused by a mutation in the gene RET). Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium by stimulating the release of calcium from bone matrix, increases calcium and decreases phosphate reabsorption by the kidney, indirectly increases calcium absorption from the small intestine by stimulating renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Excess parathyroid hormone leads to hypercalcemia in the absence of significant renal dysfunction resulting in: stones, bones, abdominal groans, and psychiatric moans, rreferring to renal stones, bone related complications, gastrointestinal symptoms, and the effects on the CNS. Serum phosphorus levels are commonly low due to the phosphaturic effect of the parathyroid hormone on the kidney. Moderate anemia may be seen with hyperparathyroidism, and is of unknown etiology. PTH targets osteoblasts and induces the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand). Usually caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma and the treatment of choice is parathyroidectomy. Less commonly cause by multiple parathyroid glands, and these cases may be familial. Sporadic cases related to abnormal tissue in the parathyroid gland. Prevalence varies by age and sex with women being more commonly affected. Peak incidence between 50 and 60 years of age. Annual incidence among individuals less than 40 years is less than 100,000 thousand. Approximately 80-85% of patients with primary disease have a benign parathyroid adenoma. Hereditary forms, including familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome account for approximately 10% of case of primary disease. Cancers of the parathyroid are rare accounting for approximately 1% of case of primary hyperparathyroidism/. The most common cause of hypercalcemia in nonhospitalized patients, affecting about 1% of the adult population. More common in women and affects nearly 1 in 700 patients. 2 forms of primary hyperparathyroidism: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Asymptomatic forms account for 75-80% of cases and have calcium levels that are no higher than 1 mg/dL higher than the normal range of 8.9 to 10.1 mg/dL. Measurement of serum calcium is indicated to identify patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Symptomatic disease has no specific clinical presentation Patients with symptomatic disease usually have a serum calcium level higher than 12 mg/dL and nearly all have symptoms over the level of 14 mg/dL. Associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiac abnormalities. Prevalence increases with age in both sexes. Initial parathyroidectomy results in resolution of biochemical and metabolic abnormalities greater than 95% of patients when performed by experienced surgeons. Reoperation success rate 85-95%. Selective venous sampling for intact parathyroid hormone is clinically useful in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, when noninvasive localization studies do not locate abnormal parathyroid glands. Most patients have vague symptomotology presenting with psychiatric problems, a general feeling of illness, with nausea, epigastric pain weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia without apparent organic cause. Today the majority of patients are elderly women. With progression of the disease diffuse osteopenia, bone pain, and pathological fractures occur. Multifocal subperiosteal resorption is considered pathognomonic of primary hyperparathyroidism. Earliest bone changes occur in the hands, particularly the phalanges and terminal tufts. Histologically long-standing disease is associated with tunneling resorption and peritrabecular fibrosis. With severe disease lytic lesions with cyst formation, known as osteitis fibrosa cystica and frequently with prominent multinucleated giant cells grossly appearing as brown tumors. Mutations that have been linked to parathyroid neoplasia include mutations in the genes HRPT2, and CASR. Patients with bipolar disorder who are receiving long-term lithium treatment are at increased risk for hyperparathyroidism. Elevated calcium levels are found in 15% to 20% of patients who have been taking lithium long-term, but only a few of these patients have significantly elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and clinical symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to secretion of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia. The most common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidsm are vitamin D deficiency and chronic renal failure. Lack of vitamin D leads to reduced calcium absorption by the intestine leading to hypocalcemia and increased parathyroid hormone secretion. In chronic renal insufficiency the failure to convert vitamin D to its active form in the kidney results in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is seen in patients with long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism which eventually leads to hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and a loss of response to serum calcium levels. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is most often seen in patients with chronic renal failure and is an autonomous activity. In primary hyperparathyroidism about 50% of patients have no symptoms and the problem is found as an incidental finding, while other patients may have only non-specific symptoms. Symptoms directly due to hypercalcaemia are relatively rare. Symptons are more common in patients with malignant hypercalcemia.. Manifestations of hypercalcemia include: weakness, fatigue, depression, bone pain, myalgias, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, cognitive impairment, kidney stones and osteoporosis. Parathyroid adenomas are very rarely clinically detected. In primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are elevated or normal in the presence of elevated calcium. PTH levels may vary over time and must be retested several times to see the pattern. In cases of primary hyperparathyroidism or tertiary hyperparathyroidism elevated PTH leads to increased serum calcium levels due to: increased bone resorption, reduced renal clearance of calcium and increased intestinal calcium absorption. In primary hyperparathyroidism, serum phosphate levels are abnormally low in about 50% of cases, as a result of decreased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. With secondary hyperparathyroidism, in which serum phosphate levels are generally elevated because of renal disease. Alkaline phosphatase levels are usually elevated. The gold standard of diagnosis is the parathyroid immunoassay. A high PTH level with a high serum calcium suggests primary hyperparathyroidism. A high PTH level with a low or normal serum calcium suggests secondary hyperparathyroidsm.. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism has a high PTH and a high serum calcium. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is differentiated from primary hyperparathyroidism by a history of chronic kidney failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. A sestamibi scan is used to locate ectopic parathyroid adenomas, most commonly found in the anterior mediastianum. Treatment depends on the type of hyperparathyroidism encountered: with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, benefits from surgery are derived by removing the parathyroid adenoma, and in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism treatment is directed at the underlying cause, usually vitamin D deficiency or chronic renal failure. The biochemical findings of classic primary hyperparathyroidism consists of both elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. The standard of care is parathyroidectomy unless prevented by the presence of medical comorbidities. A subset of patients have been identified with a biochemically mild form of the HPT with either an elevated calcium or parathyroid hormone level. In patients with mild hyperparathyroidsm who have overt symptoms, are improved after parathyroidectomy. In addition there is also a group of patients with biochemically mild disease who progress to classic HPT over time. With successful treatment PTH levels should naturally return to normal levels unless PTH secretion has become autonomous as in tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Evaluation for hyperparathryroidism includes measuring calcium level, bone density, vitamin D level, and phosphorus A calcimimetic therapy is a considered therapy for some patients with severe hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism who are unable to undergo parathyroidectomy and for secondary hyperparathyroidism on dialysis. Calciminetics control PTH release from parathyroid glands without increasing calcium and phosphorus levels. The most common side effects of calcimimetics are mild or moderate nausea and vomiting. Parathyroidectomy improves physical and cognitive performance. Secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with an increase in osteoclast number and is frequently reported to be related to bone and joint pain.
Genomic Advances in Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance: A Promising Approach The emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, as it compromises the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and increases the complexity of treating bacterial infections. To effectively combat this issue, there is a crucial need for advanced surveillance methods that can provide rapid and comprehensive information on antimicrobial resistance patterns. In recent years, genomic advances have revolutionized the field of surveillance for antimicrobial resistance, offering a promising approach to understand, monitor, and mitigate this growing problem. 1. Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms acquire the ability to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs, rendering them ineffective in treating infections. This phenomenon arises primarily due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to the selection and proliferation of resistant strains. 2. Traditional Surveillance Methods Traditionally, surveillance for antimicrobial resistance has relied on culture-based methods, which involve isolating bacteria from patient samples and testing their susceptibility to various antibiotics. However, this approach is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often limited to a specific set of antibiotics. 3. The Power of Genomics Genomics, the study of an organism's complete set of genes, offers a powerful tool to enhance surveillance for antimicrobial resistance. By examining the genetic makeup of bacteria, researchers can gain valuable insights into the presence and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes, as well as identify emerging resistance mutations. 4. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) One of the key genomic methods used in antimicrobial resistance surveillance is whole genome sequencing (WGS). This technique involves deciphering the entire DNA sequence of a bacterial strain, enabling researchers to identify genetic variations and track the transmission of resistant strains. 5. Rapid Detection of Resistance WGS allows for the rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance genes, providing a comprehensive overview of the resistome of a given bacterial isolate. This information can aid in guiding treatment decisions, as physicians can quickly identify the most effective antibiotics and avoid those to which the bacteria are resistant. 6. Understanding Transmission Dynamics Genomic surveillance also facilitates the understanding of transmission dynamics by reconstructing the evolutionary history of bacterial strains. By comparing the genomes of different isolates, researchers can track the spread of resistance genes between patients, healthcare facilities, and even countries. 7. Surveillance Networks To harness the power of genomics in antimicrobial resistance surveillance, collaborative efforts and surveillance networks have been established worldwide. These networks enable the sharing of genomic data, which not only enhances the understanding of resistance patterns but also aids in the early detection of outbreaks and the implementation of appropriate infection control measures. 8. Challenges and Limitations While genomic advances offer great promise in enhancing surveillance for antimicrobial resistance, there are several challenges and limitations to consider. The high cost of sequencing and the need for specialized bioinformatics expertise can hinder the widespread adoption of these methods. Additionally, standardization of protocols and data sharing practices is essential to maximize the effectiveness of genomic surveillance networks. 9. Future Directions Despite the challenges, ongoing advancements in genomics and sequencing technologies hold great potential for the future of antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The use of portable sequencers and real-time data analysis platforms could revolutionize surveillance by enabling rapid on-site detection and response to resistance outbreaks. 10. Conclusion In , genomic advances have shown to be a promising approach in the surveillance for antimicrobial resistance. By utilizing whole genome sequencing and understanding transmission dynamics, researchers can gain significant insights into the spread of resistance genes and inform treatment strategies. Collaborative efforts and the establishment of surveillance networks are crucial for the effective implementation and advancement of genomic surveillance methods. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 1. How does genomic surveillance differ from traditional methods? Genomic surveillance utilizes whole genome sequencing to provide a comprehensive view of the genetic makeup of bacteria, including antimicrobial resistance genes. This approach is faster and more accurate compared to traditional culture-based methods. 2. How can genomic surveillance help in combating antimicrobial resistance? Genomic surveillance allows for the rapid detection of resistance genes, aiding in the selection of appropriate antibiotics and avoiding ineffective ones. It also aids in tracking the spread of resistant strains, informing infection control measures. 3. What are the challenges in implementing genomic surveillance for antimicrobial resistance? Some challenges include the high cost of sequencing, the need for specialized bioinformatics expertise, and the standardization of protocols and data sharing practices. However, ongoing advancements in technology hold great potential for overcoming these obstacles.[3]
Agua Blanca – Living History — Oxford Living Dictionaries Agua Blanca Community Agua Blanca is a friendly historic community five minutes northeast of Puerto Lopez. Some residents are direct descendants of the Manteño civilization, who lived here between 800 and 1532 A.D. Community members keep their history alive with their lifestyle. They enjoy sharing their history with the public via tourism and a full time archaeology project in which anyone can participate. I wrote about my digging day here. The small community has several hundred residents and several thousand goats. The goats wander around everywhere except crop fields, where they are fenced out, and inside buildings. Goats can go anywhere except where crops are grown \| Agua Blanca Ecotourism Agua Blanca was one of the first Ecuadorian coastal communities to embrace ecotourism in the 1980's. A $5 tourist entrance fee is the primary income source for the community. The fee includes entrance to a museum, a guided two hour tour, the sulfur laguna, and many areas you can explore on your own. Horseback rides, massages, archaeology dig participation, and other activities can be arranged as desired for additional fees. The guided tour begins in the town center, featuring a church, museum, restaurant, and general store. The museum is full of historical artifacts and placards in English and Spanish. Portraits of living direct descendants are on the walls. When my mom and I toured, our guide was one of the descendants. Museum is full of artifacts and informational placards Photos of living descendants on top \| Knives, hunting, fishing, and cooking tools are on display. Jars are filled with fermenting insects, lizards and snakes. Urns contain bones arranged as they were found after their second burial. Bodies were buried and ceremonially dug up later. The bones were placed into urns, often with other loved ones, and re-buried. Remains of two adults in a broken burial urn \| Walking Tour The tour then goes through the countryside, meandering alongside fields, pigs, chickens, goats, and archaeology sites. Guides stop to point out crops, homes, birds, nests, dens, and creatures as you go. Hand farmed fields produce the community's vegetables and fruits. Bee keeping produces honey, sold on-site. Home surrounded by fruit trees and vegetables \| Sulfur Pond As the tour comes to a close, the volcanic spring-fed sulfur laguna comes into view. Cups of good-for-your-skin sulfuric mud await. Smear the mud on your body and face then hang out watching hummingbirds and butterflies while it dries. A soak in the warm sulfur laguna pool to soak up more skin nutrients is next. Then an outdoor shower to rinse off any remaining mud and skin is left feeling baby soft and smooth for days. Soaking in the sulfur laguna \| Massages available with prior arrangement are enjoyed next to the laguna. Across the road from the laguna are restaurants featuring empanadas, corviches, juice and beer. Restaurant by sulfur laguna \| A short walk brings you back to the village center. If you did not eat at the laguna, the restaurant here serves highly recommended goat stew. Getting there If you are not driving, I recommend taking a taxi to Agua Blanca, then have them pick you up several hours later. Otherwise a 5 minute bus ride from Puerto Lopez followed by a 5 km (3 mile) walk in the sun takes you from to the main road to the village center. Would you smear sulfur rich mud on your body and soak in the laguna? Click here to read more about Agua Blanca. 8 Comments Hilary Melton-Butcher Hi Emily – it sounds a fascinating place to visit – and place to learn about – someone where I'd love to visit more than once – so much to enjoy, history to appreciate, a different culture … I'd like to try the mud bath … but the sulphur smell might put me off! Cheers Hilary Emily Bloomquist Hi Hilary, It really is fascinating! I have been quite a few times and learn something new every time. Each guide highlights different details. The smell at the laguna can get fairly strong. Thanks for coming by and commenting! Alicia Rodriguez I really enjoy visiting Agua Blanca. The goat stew is INCREDIBLE (from someone who never thought of eating goat)! And the archeological aspects, including the dig you mention in your post, is great fun and a true learning experience. Can't think of a better facial than the mud and pool waters. You're right. Your skin feels as smooth as a baby's butt for weeks! Great article for those planning a visit. Emily Bloomquist Thanks for recommending the goat stew Alicia! I still need to try it. I really appreciate you stopping by and adding your comments since you have been there, too. Gary Vance Agua Blanca is indeed an astounding village experience. Very nice article Emily! Emily Bloomquist It really is. Thank you Gary! I'd endure the mud for a massage afterwards! Emily Bloomquist Absolutely worth it, Jz!
A focus on customer experience is at the heart of any successful company. Digital communications technology and advanced data analysis are combining to transform the way that businesses work with customers, delivering benefits for both. But this transformation is far from simple to achieve. There are risks and obstacles. Technology on its own is not a solution: success comes from a deep understanding of people as well as agile business processes. But with the right mindset the rewards can be immense. There's a lot of talk about whether digital transformation is just a meaningless buzzword. Part of that is down to its overuse and focus on the role of digital technology in transformation. But it's not just about the technological features you're investing in, but rather how they can add value to your organisation. That's not to say technology doesn't play a big role. It certainly does. For example, technological advancements are changing customer behaviours and expectations. And the modern-day customer doesn't leave much room for error – one mistake and they may start looking elsewhere. The right technology can help you meet and exceed these expectations. It could help you provide the omnichannel, B2C-like experience your B2B customers desire. It could help you improve data visibility so you can accelerate decision-making and reinvent your business model on demand. Technology allows you flexibility when it comes to innovating your business, whether that's in response to market changes or in preparation for them. This list isn't exhaustive, of course, but it's just a few examples that illustrate the ways technology can help organisations stay relevant. As I mentioned earlier, the trick is to focus on the value your solutions can add. Value can come in many forms, depending on the individual stakeholder. Some may see it as financial gain, while others are more concerned with boosts in productivity and employee morale. So, having an appropriate change management strategy and building the right kind of culture are key. Your stakeholders' motivations and goals should be aligned with your transformation project's goals. This includes external stakeholders as well as internal. What pains are your customers and prospects experiencing? How can your new technology or process relieve that pain and create new gains for them? The same goes for your internal stakeholder groups, from leadership to middle management, right down to everyday users. Don't neglect the nitty-gritty details. Focus on them and you can innovate and be the disruptive presence you've always dreamed of being. Chris Mean, CEO, Columbus UK and Senior Vice President of Customer Experience & Engagement at Columbus Global Read this report for powerful insights into transforming the experiences of your customers A company's digital transformation strategy should also consider the customer experience \| Most businesses, no matter their field or focus, would benefit from DX for CX, whether that means websites that automatically reconfigure to suit unique user preferences or AI-powered chatbots that deliver standardised service across a multichannel network. \| Digital transformation (DX) can be seen at every stage of modern business architecture, from the way employees organise and communicate to the way goods are manufactured and delivered. According to the IMF, 65 per cent of global GDP will be digitised by 2022, while the DX industry is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.5 per cent to 2025. But DX is not just about improving internal functions — such as the online meeting rooms used during lockdown or the 3D printing technology that produces complex items at low cost. Increasingly, it's also being employed to help companies understand and serve their customers better. In a world where consumers demand, and can expect, more than just well executed goods and services, DX and customer experience (CX) go hand-in-hand. Here's how you can employ DX to achieve better CX and ensure your efforts don't go in vain. Most businesses, no matter their field or focus, would benefit from DX for CX, whether that means websites that automatically reconfigure to suit unique user preferences or AI-powered chatbots that deliver standardised service across a multichannel network. But relying on technology to meet the nuanced needs of your customers isn't something that just happens overnight. You'll need a data-driven, humanistic strategy that can be implemented with speed, precision and ease to add value where you need it most. Building a DX Strategy As much as 70% of organisations claim to have, or be working on, a DX strategy. But before you even think that far ahead, you'll need to know what you're starting with and what you're up against. Audit your current processes and procedures and calculate what you know, don't know, have and need. Prioritise the problems that require the most attention before looking at your competitors and honestly assessing where they're excelling and underachieving. Finally, shop around and experiment until you find the technologies that will put you ahead of the pack. Once you know where you are and where you want to go, you'll be able to set realistic goals and plot out a road map for meeting them. But don't expect the road to your bright digital future to be bump-free. Some technologies may feel cumbersome or complex at first, and it can be a steep learning curve for both individuals and organisations as a whole. There's also no guarantee of instant success, so strategies will need to be well thought out, skilfully implemented and carefully monitored. Be prepared to scrap a strategy and start again from scratch if you don't get the results you expect. The good news is that once you've started on the road to DX, any change of course or future tweaks will be easier to implement. A welcome byproduct of digitalisation, big data will ensure the decisions you make going forwards are powered by analytics and insight. Measuring success Global businesses are projected to pump a whopping US$2.8 trillion into DX by 2025, and CEOs, of course, expect a return on their investments. According to Gartner, however, almost half of organisations have no metric by which to measure DX. Companies undertaking DX would expect to see an improvement in business efficiency once a technology has been successfully implemented. Managers will therefore need to measure how these new digital assets are being used by employees and customers to determine whether they're proving value for money. The most important metric to look at is arguably adoption rate. Anything above 80 per cent should be considered a success, anything below 50 per cent indicates that the software may not be a good fit, and anything in-between suggests more attention should be paid to implementation. Other KPIs to measure include active use of the software, changes in exit and bounce rates, employee and customer satisfaction, productivity and, of course, revenue. For example, if you invest in a technology to help you handle customer queries, track whether the number of support tickets your team closes increases. If that's the case, ask if the system is simply speeding up the process or allowing employees to optimise their work hours, stay engaged and respond more strategically. Ultimately, you'll also want to know whether overall customer satisfaction, and therefore brand sentiment, has improved. Remember, however, that investments and results may not grow in perfect unison. While companies that spend small on DX are unlikely to reap high rewards, others may be in danger of over digitalising, where increased spending serves up diminishing returns. The trick is to find the sweet spot where the technology works as the oil on the wheels of business as opposed to a dead weight that impacts agility. Proper implementation All organisations starting down the road of DX need to be pragmatic. Success won't come overnight and will ultimately depend on the people most affected — employees. DX may impact your workers positively or negatively, but it will not be achieved without them. While the technology will need to be robust and user-friendly enough to encourage all workers to change their habits, it's important that companies lead from the top and actively demonstrate their commitment to improving CX through DX. According to McKinsey, organisations with an engaged CDO are 1.6 times more likely to be successful in DX. Nurturing a culture that encourages innovation and experimentation is also imperative. Employees should be empowered to celebrate early wins and fail without fear. Business efficiency is important at any time, but especially during times of great change and challenge. Those with a DX strategy that successfully optimises CX should find their workers, employees and bottom lines benefit. Few people welcome change which is precisely why businesses should prioritise change management \| That's what a change programme is for - to guide your people through the change, helping them to better understand and come to terms with it. In fact, people and their motivations for change are said to be one of the biggest wildcards in business change initiatives. \| It's human nature to dislike or fear change, because with it comes the risk of losing control. So, when a business undergoes change, such as a new piece of technology being implemented, it's important to follow an organisational change programme. Your people need to be eased into the 'new way of working', not thrust into it. In many cases, resistance to change happens because of a lack of information. People don't understand the reason for change so they start to wonder: That's what a change programme is for – to guide your people through the change, helping them to better understand and come to terms with it. The more they know what's going on, the better. Information is power, after all. But what if change happens rapidly and you don't have the right information on hand? Perhaps you're as in the dark as your team will be. What if something unpredictable and out of your control happens that disrupts the landscape, such as a global pandemic or another business that you didn't think could end up being a competitor but suddenly is? If that happens, what do you do next? Rapid change is hard to manage As reports of well-known household names struggling to cope or falling from grace suggest, longevity doesn't guarantee survival. Many business leaders are realising that their organisations aren't equipped to navigate today's fast-changing environment and the challenges that it brings. There are various methodologies you could follow. For example, Prosci's ADKAR model suggests: In the case of rapid change, you may not need to focus as deeply on the Awareness and Desire stages. People will typically understand the brevity of the situation and why it requires urgency. Reinventing The Organisation by Arthur Yeung and Dave Ulrich presents a six-part framework that could also help: The framework focuses on building a 'market-oriented ecosystem' – one where an organisation prioritises its customers over internal systems and processes. Results will not only be achieved through internal efficiencies and capabilities. The key is to align and facilitate collaboration between your broader network of teams, departments and partners (internal and external). This is what will help you respond more quickly to the changing market. Projects or programmes? According to Prince2, a project is 'a specific, single task that delivers a tangible output, while a programme is a collection of related projects'. A project is shorter term. It has an end, an intended goal and a defined timeframe. Tasks tend to be technical and they produce an output, such as improved product quality and customer satisfaction. A programme is usually longer term, with no fixed deadline though still with intended goals. Because of their longevity, programmes are usually adjustable and serve multiple functional units with tasks that tend to be strategic. Output is often an outcome and the benefits are long term, such as ROI or realising new value. That's why we refer to a change programme rather than a project. Change is dynamic – timelines, goals and outcomes can vary depending on the maturity of the organisation and the extent of the change itself. The small steps towards effective change management Change management revolves around your people – everyone who will experience the change but especially those who will be impacted. You must always keep these stakeholders front and centre. Do this by understanding: The final point in the above list is important. Communication matters when it comes to business change. According to Gartner, more than 80 per cent of organisations manage change from the top down. But change is most likely to be adopted, embraced and sustained when employees are on board rather than just the executives. In fact, people and their motivations for change are said to be one of the biggest wildcards in business change initiatives. So, this is where you should focus. That's not to say your leadership buy-in isn't important. Strong leadership is crucial for successful change. But don't neglect the power of your middle management teams. They're the people who are best placed to communicate and promote your change vision to the wider business. From this, you can begin to build change agents. Role and seniority don't matter here. The key is to empower people across your organisation to become positive change agents and encourage others to follow in their stead. Adapting to a changing world is a challenge. But when you're following the right approach (plan for change, engage your stakeholders, create tailored change journeys and measure the change), you can ensure your programme is a success. By getting the nitty-gritty right, incumbents can eventually jump on the innovation bandwagon \| But while technological disruption is coveted, it's in the best interests of businesses to minimise social disruption and ensure the stability of the environment they operate in. \| The taxonomy of innovation is anything but clear-cut. To give an example, some regard the iPhone as the paragon of radical innovation, which turned the world on its head by squeezing a computer into a mobile phone. Some use it to illustrate architectural innovation, which combines already existing inventions into a novel product. Still others like to see the iPhone as the prime example of disruptive innovation – an expression coined by Clayton Christensen, author of the seminal The Innovator's Dilemma (1997), which has come into its own only in the past decade. Although journalists and marketeers tend to use the word "disruptive" indiscriminately, Christensen linked its use to strict criteria. Disruptors start out by identifying a market segment overlooked by incumbents, which they target first with inferior products to get a foothold, before moving upmarket in the next stage. Despite having limited resources, these "low-end market encroachers" are excellent at recognising unmet customer needs, which they satisfy by making sophisticated products more accessible and affordable for everyone. Although taxi drivers losing revenue to digital ride-hailing firms may think otherwise, Uber doesn't qualify. Whereas Netflix, which started as a DVD-by-mail service, is a textbook case – by now also fulfilling the requirement of being mainstream. How can incumbents reinvent themselves in an era obsessed with innovation? In an age where Davids are all the rage and incremental innovation has fallen from favour, Goliaths need to give a lot of thought to how they can make themselves sexier while dodging the stones slung at them by agile start-ups. As Kyle Nel, Founder and CEO of Utah-based transformation company Singularity Labs said in Harvard Business Review, "large organisations have just as much right to play into the future […] as these kids in the garage." But their modus operandi, based on hierarchies, procedures and tight budgets, is no breeding ground for disruptive business ideas. Although they have all the necessary human and financial resources to out-innovate anyone, the kind of agility, flexibility and inventiveness which are second nature to start-ups is difficult to simulate. Liberating incumbent innovation labs from the pressure to turn a quick profit and ensuring that they adopt the so-called failure culture are still no guarantees of success. What makes or breaks legacy firms' efforts to innovate is whether they can strike the right balance between separation and integration. On the one hand, innovative teams, skunkworks or incubators need to be liberated from the established practices of the core business and the strains that stifle the drive to innovate. On the other, the airtight segregation of these endeavours from strategy and the C-suite is a recipe for failure. According to Capgemini research quoted in a recent article on weforum.com, more than 75 per cent of companies have some form of innovation accelerator or lab (despite a wave of closures around 2016), yet more than 90 per cent of them fail to achieve real financial impact. A paper published in 2021 in the International Journal of Innovation Management by researchers from the University of Innsbruck found that the reasons for a high rate of failure are siloed approaches and a lack of management support. Moreover, neglecting the preparation and outcome phases of external accelerator projects means that they fail to align with corporate strategy. Therefore, the knowledge and experience gained through them won't get fed back into the organisation or promote innovative thinking inside it. However, despite concerns about the lack of impact or the threat of cannibalising the brand's core products, innovation labs, incubators and accelerators are here to stay. After all, they are innovations themselves that will improve incrementally as incumbents learn how to keep them at arm's length without completely sealing them off. Labour rights and regulations in technology are often criticised as unnecessary curbs holding back innovation. But while technological disruption is coveted, it's in the best interests of businesses to minimise social disruption and ensure the stability of the environment they operate in. In hindsight, we can understand how social media can lead to, for example, political turmoil, negative body image issues for millions of teenagers, or how drones can paralyse airports. However, as the news of the first fully AI-generated stock photos of humans arrives, we're idly waiting for their vast and far-reaching implications on employment, privacy and identity management to unfold before calls for regulation will stir legislators into action. From the perspective of technological advancement, initiatives to make AI human-friendly or attempts to offset the negative impact of technological progress on employees look like shackles on the innovative spirit. In the long run, however, prudence and social responsibility may take us further. Digitalising your business will expand your customer base but only if you focus on new value creation \| The businesses that thrive are the ones that can adopt an offensive strategy. Provide new value for customers rather than improving existing value. Get closer to your customers and examine their needs, then use that knowledge to innovate. \| Selling your existing products in your online channels is a challenge, but in today's digital era, most businesses have the capability (some way or another) to sell online. This makes it harder for you to offer a truly unique selling point because, despite your best efforts, there will always be another business somewhere that can offer the same (if not more) than you. That's why your sole focus shouldn't be on selling products. You also need to consider: By reaching a higher level of digital maturity, you can respond more appropriately to the changing competitive environment. And that could mean re-evaluating or changing your business model with technology. Digitally enhancing your products Digitally enhancing your traditional product or service doesn't just make you a disruptor. It can also generate a new wave of customers who may not have bought your physical goods and services. Take Audible, who did this successfully by converting physical books to audiobooks. While the company may not have seen it at the time, the development of smartphones has changed the way we use the web and has made it more accessible to listen on the go. Then there's Netflix who – after destroying Blockbuster in its wake – reinvented itself by digitising the entertainment industry to the point where physical video rental became obsolete. As we've touched on already, the market is constantly changing. The businesses that thrive (rather than merely survive) are the ones that can adopt an offensive strategy. They look to provide new value for customers rather than improving existing value. At Columbus, we've partnered with a variety of businesses across a range of industries to help them achieve exactly this. Innovating Camgrain with Microsoft Dynamics Camgrain provides a reliable, safe and secure cooperative grain storage facility to its farmer members. Camgrain's desire for continual development and innovation outstripped the capabilities of its legacy systems, so it decided to look for suitable alternatives. Camgrain chose to partner with us due to our industry experience, clear understanding of business need and ability to define and develop simple solutions where required. We helped Camgrain implement Microsoft Dynamics as it had: But Camgrain's quest for innovation hasn't stopped there. The company continually assesses and tweaks its system and has plans for a future project using Microsoft Azure to help optimise its route planning. Helping Carter Jonas leverage the benefits of the cloud Carter Jonas is a national property adviser business that's intent on helping clients realise their goals and aspirations by providing 'simply better advice'. The company's vision focuses on two core areas: While its old system had performed well, Carter Jonas acknowledged it needed to move from an on-premise CRM to a modern cloud-based solution. This was to align with its own cloud-first strategy and to better manage its business-to-business contact data. Since we've helped Carter Jonas upgrade to Microsoft Dynamics, it's been able to leverage the additional features and benefits of having a modern cloud-based solution, such as having all its customer profiling information in one centralised location. This has helped Carter Jonas deliver excellent customer experiences at every touchpoint as its teams can view accurate customer data and tailor the right messaging to the right clients. Transforming C-Kore from silos to an integrated solution C-Kore Systems Ltd builds and rents modern testing technology for the subsea industry. C-Kore inherited legacy systems from its parent company, Zetechtics, when it launched as an independent company. But as it started to see more business success as C-Kore, a new solution was required to better fulfil its growing business needs. This was because it was experiencing silos between finance and sales teams, high levels of manual work and productivity losses. C-Kore also needed to move data from its parent company to keep vital customer information. We helped C-Kore implement Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central, a modern integrated solution that could tackle both halves of its business. C-Kore's sales team can now easily create quotes while the finance team can monitor order confirmations as they enter the system, saving everyone time. We also successfully moved all of C-Kore's existing customer data from its parent company's CRM system into its new solution with no records lost. This upgrade has not only made life easier for C-Kore – which now has its own system that can fit around business needs – but also its customers, who benefit from more personalised customer service. Review your customer needs It's important for businesses to constantly review their vision of where they're going with their products and services. Get closer to your customers and examine their needs, then use that knowledge to innovate. That may involve using technology, but it's also about transforming in a way that helps you deliver on your vision and add new value. And if you've transformed your business already, it's not the end of the road. You need to keep evolving and adapting in response to any changes – because if there's anything the past 18 months has taught us, it's that unprecedented incidents are near-impossible to prepare for. The key to maintaining a competitive edge in business is making the right decisions at the right time \| Big Data, which is distributed across many platforms and typically uses external, non-propriety information, is far more scalable and offers more intrinsic value than traditional data. Any organisation undergoing digital transformation must take great care to follow the best practices for every stage of the data lifecycle, from planning to decommissioning. \| No-one can see into the future, but with enough data at their fingertips, business leaders can make accurate, timely, relevant and comprehensive predictions about the outcome of potential moves. After undergoing digital transformation (DX), organisations will find themselves with reams of data by default. But how do you best collect, manage, process and use this data to help your business work better, smarter and ultimately boost profits? By systematically turning the information you have into valuable insights, you can make better choices, take fewer risks and fuel improvements across all aspects of your operations. Let's dig in. Data management Effectively managing data is perhaps the most crucial part of any DX strategy. Business leaders will need to strike the right balance between responsibility and opportunity to yield maximum benefit from their data while complying with privacy laws. Here are some tips on how to do just that: Record everything you can — First and foremost, your company should invest in several complementary technology solutions that allow for the recording and storing of all manner of data, from customer conversations, both online and off, to employee productivity and individual product performance. The more detailed your records and the more interactive your systems, the better the data. Ensure your system is user-friendly — Your staff have better things to do than endless data entry tasks. You'll therefore need a system that's simple and intuitive to use. Make sure the solutions you choose are quick to load, available on mobile and constantly auto-saving. Keep it clean — Your data is only as good as its last update. Encourage staff to keep everything up to date and well organised so different departments can dip in and out and communicate easily between themselves. Fill in new details straight away and delete outdated entries. Check regularly for import issues and fix any human errors or bugs. Review regularly — Once you're up and running, be sure to review your processes regularly to confirm you're using all the features of your technology as efficiently and effectively as possible. Also make sure that all employees are equally engaged, you're keeping abreast of the industry's best practices and you're using the technology's latest updates to full effect. Comply with the rules — Among all this, remember that breaking data privacy laws is a big deal. Always ensure you're on the right side of the line. The person in charge of the system should be well versed (and always following) the relevant regulations to ensure responsible data management. Data analysis Once you have the data you need at your fingertips, it's time to start putting it to work. This is where we see the intrinsic value of Big Data as opposed to traditional data. In short, while traditional data is based on a company's centralised database architecture, Big Data is distributed across many platforms and typically uses external information, such as social network modelling and sentiment analysis, that is not proprietary. This makes the data far more scalable and useful in a wide variety of ways that can improve a company's decision making, performance and cost benefit. Effective data analysis can help companies: Best practices for the data lifecycle With Big Data comes great responsibility. Any organisation undergoing digital transformation must take great care to follow the best practices for every stage of the data lifecycle, from planning to decommissioning. Here are some tips: Planning: In the planning phase, ensure the vision complies with the fundamentals of your country's privacy laws, licensing requirements and the general ethics and culture of your company. Also consider the impact of data processing on the mental and physical wellbeing of the system subjects. Data Acquisition: If acquiring data from third parties, make sure you have watertight contracts and licenses for doing so, if needed. Clean up the data as much as possible, for example by deleting duplications, mitigating any biases and inputting missing entries. Where appropriate, run Natural Language Processing tools to automatically identify named entities and geocode locations. Remove personally identifying information of your subjects where privacy may be an issue. Finally, be sure to set up a system for the labelling of files and the inputting of metadata. This will protect against misinterpretation or misuse and ensure database integrity. Data Use: Once you have your data in hand, you'll need to make sure it's prepped appropriately so the raw materials are cleaned up. This will ensure it can be combined with different data sources to provide the most meaningful business insights possible. Don't rush this stage as the cleaner your data, the better your insights. The next stage is data manipulation, which, in its most simplified form, means adjusting the information to make it organised and easy to analyse. Data manipulation language, or DML, is a programming language that adjusts data by modify a database in order to map and interpret the data. It's easy to get lost and muddled while manipulating your data, so invest in some specialised software or an individual with some nifty spreadsheet skills. Data Storage: While the data is being stored and used, ensure both virtual and physical access to the information and systems is secure. Consider the security of the physical data processing premises and implement a policy for the creation of strong and frequently changing passwords for all who have virtual access. Also consider your measures for the transport and transfer of information and ensure that a detailed and secure log of who had access when is kept. Finally, establish procedures for the regular backup, update and timely recovery of your technology and database. Deletion & Decommissioning: Data that is no longer used by the system will need to be repurposed, archived or securely deleted. Remember that if you built a model before going live, the data in that model will also be subject to appropriate decommissioning procedure. (Some personal information can only legally be used for model building and therefore must be deleted immediately.) If and when you stop using the system all together, all residual data must be considered for retention (for legal or future learning purposes) or secure deletion. To succeed in the omnichannel approach, businesses must focus on the customer first and foremost \| For omnichannel, the customer - not the channel - is the focus. 73% of businesses said customer experience is an important factor in their purchasing decisions. Source: Future of CX, PwC \| Most businesses today sell their products across more than one channel. However, those that only use multichannel marketing will inevitably run into problems such as: These are all major issues with today's consumers, who don't see brands in siloes any more. They want to script their own journeys across multiple channels and touchpoints. This forces them to stick to one channel, or to start at the beginning when switching channels creates friction and negatively impacts their experience. By adopting an omnichannel approach, you can keep all of your channels in one place while unifying their style and information. Multichannel vs omnichannel There are four key differences when looking at multichannel and omnichannel: 1. Siloed vs integrated Although both multichannel and omnichannel involve selling across several channels, a notable difference is the channel integration. In a multichannel approach, channels aren't connected. A billboard, for example, isn't directly connected to a company's website – they're separate channels used to increase brand awareness. An omnichannel approach, on the other hand, involves multiple channels that are integrated to create a seamless experience for your customers. In essence, a customer can easily pick up where they left off on one channel and continue their experience on another. 2. Customer engagement vs customer experience With multichannel, the aim is to cast the net as wide as possible to make more and more people aware of your business. Omnichannel marketing, on the other hand, is focused on creating a consistent customer experience for the people who are already aware of and engaging with your business. Let's put this difference into context. A multichannel approach to your social media pages would help you gain more followers, comments, likes and shares on your posts as these metrics show more people are engaging with your brand. On the other hand, an omnichannel approach to your social media would focus more on ensuring your customers can easily jump from your social media pages to your website. For example, when they click on one of your Twitter ads, they're taken to the correct product page on your website, providing a seamless customer experience. 3. Channel focused vs customer focused The aim of multichannel marketing is to maximise the number of channels used to promote your brand. With more channels, customers can choose how they want to engage with your business. In retail, for example, a multichannel approach would involve several channels, including: For omnichannel, the customer – not the channel – is the focus. This approach aims to make the customer journey as smooth as possible as people move between different touchpoints. Using the same retail example as above, an omnichannel focus would involve only half of these channels (such as a website, email and social media) and all of these would be connected so your customers could easily change from one to the other. 4. Quantity vs quality As we've mentioned already, multichannel is about increasing the number of channels available. However, there's no effort made to link up these channels, meaning customers have to start over when they switch from one to another, which can hinder the quality of support they receive. Omnichannel is all about the quality of support you can offer through your channels. But this doesn't mean every channel provides the exact same customer support – contact channels are deliberately varied to manage the different types of support your customers might need. For example, a simple query can be solved via live chat, while problems with editing a shopping basket may require a more visual level of support through video chat or co-browsing. Futureproofing your customer engagement strategy With businesses increasingly dependent on relationships rather than transactions, improving customer engagement has never been more important. A recent study by PWC found that 73 per cent of those surveyed said customer experience was an important factor in their purchasing decisions. That's why you should be reviewing the quality of your customer engagement strategies on a regular (and ongoing) basis. There are three ways you can do this: 1) Offer tailored customer experiences Customers want to be treated as though they're special, not just one person in the ocean of customers you likely have. Personalising experiences to the individual customer can meet that expectation. Another benefit of personalisation is that it can help your customers find the solutions to their problems more quickly. Here are some examples of personalisation: 2) Reward customer loyalty Not only do loyalty schemes help your most loyal customers feel more valued, but they also "gamify" the shopping experience and give them an incentive to keep buying (and place bigger orders) from you. For example, you could offer bronze, silver and gold levels within your loyalty scheme and create levels your customers have to climb. Each level could come with different perks, which improve as you advance. 3) Optimise shopping carts Shopping cart and checkout abandonment are all too common among online shoppers – the average e-commerce store loses 75 per cent of its sales to digital cart abandonment. Fortunately, there are tactics you can apply to reduce this in your business: Multichannel vs omnichannel – what's best? Today's consumers expect personalised interactions and want to be treated as unique. They also want a customer journey they remember. So, with that in mind, an omnichannel approach appears to be better than a multichannel approach. This doesn't mean you shouldn't increase the number of channels you use to communicate with your customers. After all, a business should always be where its customers are, and offering them their preferred contact channel is a good way to stand out from your competitors. However, the changing behaviours of consumers who expect to be able to script their own journey's will ultimately make omnichannel a necessity for e-commerce businesses. As Peter Thiel, venture capitalist and co-founder of PayPal said in an interview to Forbes about a year ago, Covid marks the 21st century's true start. "One should think of Covid and the crisis of this year as this giant watershed moment," he said. The step-change taking place in risk management in front of our eyes seems to bear this out. The possibility of a pandemic, global warming and cyber-attacks had already been on our radars for quite some time before the current crises. The term sustainability was defined in 1987, and Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth was released 15 years ago. However, disruptions from Covid, increasingly extreme and frequent weather events and cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure have thrown these risks into sharp relief. Real life events and incidents, although they come at a high cost, tell much more about the resilience of systems – or the lack of it – than any modelling or scenario planning. We've seen how our complex, geared-for-efficiency supply chains collapsed during the pandemic and demand for simple commodities remained uncatered for for months. As a result – and with the help of digital technology – our supply chains are now more transparent and take in larger inventories, and supplier assurances are becoming the norm. From lip service to real risk resilience Until recently, sustainability and climate risk reporting have been widely regarded as tick-the-box exercises. But having realised the extension of financial and reputational damage climate events and a company's association with high emissions and fossil fuels can cause, investors, asset managers and pension funds started divesting from unsustainable assets. By the end of October 2021, a whopping $39.88 trillion (£29.36 trillion) had been divested from fossil fuels alone by 1,500 institutions. New reporting frameworks have emerged, such as the three scopes of GHG emissions devised by the Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), whose voluntary protocol has already been adopted by 384 UK companies. Nevertheless, the UK government's Sustainability Disclosure Requirements (SDR) propose to push adoption further by making it mandatory for large companies in April 2022, as well as widening its scope to cover sustainability matters more broadly. Also, in November 2021, the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) Foundation announced the creation of the International Sustainability Standard Board (ISSB) to deliver a global baseline for sustainability reporting – an endeavour that the TCFD Secretariat is also supporting. The opportunities and risks technology presents Digital tools and platforms can and are already playing a major role in meeting climate and sustainability challenges and those of the pandemic. However, as often is the case with great solutions, they are also double-edged swords and come with additional risks. So far, businesses have mostly been oblivious of these risks or managed them by taking out insurance policies that freed them from having to put proper security controls in place. But the tide seems to be turning. NCSS's Cyber Essentials and Essentialplus scheme, which was originally launched for suppliers who were to win government contracts, are today certifications coveted and attained by businesses of all stripes. A fresh approach to technology risk can also help information security professionals get their C-suites' buy-in for their budget plans. Rather than wastefully investing in security tools and solutions across the whole enterprise, mature technology risk management is aiming to maintain an acceptable level of risk in line with the business's risk appetite. Considering the persistence and global nature of these new types of risks, as well as how intricately they're intertwined, companies that want to future-proof themselves will have no choice but to incorporate them into their general risk assessment and monitoring protocols. Imbuing the business with the spirit of digital Considering how the pandemic has accelerated the already breakneck speed of digitalisation by seven years, the need to create a separate C-level role responsible for overseeing the corporate transition from analogue to digital has never been more relevant. Although chief digital officers (CDOs) are still a rare breed, they can be instrumental to successful digital transformation thanks to their ability to break down established boundaries that tend to stall these projects. Digital innovation thrives in business environments where employees can freely collaborate with each other across departmental silos and corporate boundaries. It's equally important that data sits on a unified data platform rather than disconnected Excel sheets, and can be accessed by anyone, any time. Although the structural reorganisation of a business can happen in a matter of weeks, silos may remain in employee's minds. To remove them, CDOs need to win stakeholders over to the goals and benefits of the project and ensure that staff have all the necessary skills and tools to follow new processes and prevent their relapse into old habits. To successfully digitally transform, you need to focus on the transformation side of things as much as the digital technology \| Your transformation stands a much better chance of success if you have the right culture in place. Léon de Caluwé and Hans Vermaak's Colours of Change can help you better understand the ways your stakeholders handle change and the Prosci ADKAR® Model can help you recognise and address your stakeholders' reasons for resistance. \| When it comes to digital transformation, it's easy to focus only on the digital side of things. But the transformation should be as much of a priority as your digital considerations. That's why culture matters: you need the right culture before you transform the business. Digital transformation tectonically changes the way an organisation performs and completes tasks. This can range from changes in processes to department restructures, which is why you need a culture that's willing to accept and support the change initiative. You need a digital-first culture. That means prioritising culture, goal alignment, stakeholder engagement and all of the other factors involved in a change management strategy. This will allow you to benefit from: In essence, your transformation stands a much better chance of success if you have the right culture in place. But how do you create this culture? Creating a digital-first culture 1. Expect resistance Even if the solution appears to be the most ideal or logical improvement, always expect resistance. Why? Because people don't like change, even if it's good for them. Prioritise resistance when preparing your change management roadmap. For example, where might you experience resistance? Which groups will you see it in most? In what forms might it take? This can help you mitigate the resistance quicker and before it impacts the project. 2. Follow a structured plan Resistance is normal, but effectively applying change management tactics can help you mitigate the potential fallout. For example, you could: 3. Isolate the causes of resistance Change management shouldn't just treat the symptoms; you must dig into the root causes. Understand why someone is resisting, not how that resistance is manifesting. Sit down with your stakeholders and identify their motivations, pain points and fears. Léon de Caluwé and Hans Vermaak's The Colours of Change can help you better understand the ways your stakeholders handle change and the Prosci ADKAR® Model can help you recognise and address your stakeholders' reasons for resistance. 4. Engage your key stakeholders When it comes to transformation or change initiatives, you need your leadership and senior management teams on your side. It's a top-down approach – these groups are the ones who can best help you mitigate resistance and create the right culture by demonstrating their commitment and making a business case that supports the need for change. The more engaged your leaders are, the more likely everyone else is to follow in their stead. A strong culture is key to a successful transformation With business transformations, you need the right culture. After all, it will impact various parties and the way they've been working for many years. Your choice of technology can only take you so far – if you want your changes to be adopted and sustained, you must prepare your stakeholders in advance. The sooner you acknowledge and handle this, the more likely your transformation initiative is to achieve the outcomes and value you intended. Columbus has over 30 years of experience in implementing, managing and maintaining technology solutions. Serving more than 5,000 customers worldwide, the global IT services and consultants specialises in helping businesses across a variety of industries – from food and beverage to manufacturing and retail distribution – reach their goals for growth. Through thousands of implementation projects and hours of consulting, Columbus's deep industry knowledge helps businesses pinpoint where they might be behind the curve, and plan how to create a competitive advantage. Columbus helps companies understand where they can unlock value within their organisation and then works with them to implement a solution that will address their specific challenges. It supports businesses in creating, improving and maximising value to drive efficiency and growth. Benefit from the support of Columbus's expert teams, who automatically become an extension of yours when you work together. Whether it's proactively monitoring client systems or implementing a new solution, Columbus does everything with its customers' needs front of mind. If you're interested in how Columbus can help your business, get in touch today.
Date of Award Spring 5-2015 Degree Type Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Educational Studies and Research Committee Chair Kyna Shelley Committee Chair Department Educational Studies and Research Committee Member 2 Aubrey K. Lucas Committee Member 2 Department Educational Studies and Research Committee Member 3 Thomas J. Lipscomb Committee Member 3 Department Educational Studies and Research Committee Member 4 Lilian H. Hill Committee Member 4 Department Educational Studies and Research Committee Member 5 Richard S. Mohn Committee Member 5 Department Educational Studies and Research The purpose of this study was to explore the developmental education process within the community college system in Mississippi. Tinto's (1993) Integration Theory and Astin's (1993) Theory of Student Involvement were employed as a framework to assess and understand the relationship between academic integration, social integration, student involvement, and rates of completion. This concurrent mixed method study identified best practices related to the successful completion of developmental education courses from the vantage point of the faulty and administration at the community college. A total of ten faculty and administrators from five of the community colleges in Mississippi were given a 13-item interview questionnaire and participated in a face-to-face interview to gather these best practices. The theoretical perspective of "interpretivism" was used to understand the interviewees' responses, thereby identifying common themes among those who were interviewed. Secondly, a total of 186 Mississippi Community College students participated in the study by completing the Modified Institutional Integration and Student Involvement Questionnaire. The data were analyzed through a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The MANOVA provided a p-value for each dependent variable indicating if the difference and interaction as statistically significant. Additionally, a One-Way ANOVA was also conducted. The final results of this study included a list of 10 best practices that were based on the interviews with faculty members and administrators from some of the community colleges in Mississippi. Secondly, the study found that 72.9% of community college students enrolled in developmental math continue on and complete intermediate algebra or college algebra. Additionally, 36.5% of community college students enrolled in developmental English continue on and complete English Composition I. Further, the results indicated by this study is that there was not a difference between developmental education students and non-developmental education students as it pertained to the faculty interaction subscales and the student interaction subscales. However, there was a difference between the involvement of developmental education students and non-developmental education students. The developmental education students were more involved with outside activities than the non-developmental education students. 2015, Beverly Gayle Strickland Lewis Recommended Citation Lewis, Beverly Gayle Strickland, "Developmental Education at the Community College: An Exploration of Instructional Best Practices and the Relationship between Integration, Student Involvement and Rates of Completion" (2015). Dissertations. 83. Included in Community College Education Administration Commons, Community College Leadership Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Leadership Commons, Higher Education Commons, Higher Education Administration Commons, Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons
Instead of wooing more wealthy out-of-staters to its shores, Miami recently experienced its first population loss in decades. It's a trend that could continue as significant infrastructure problems, including mounting garbage and sewage issues, threaten new development. The city's landfills — including one known as "Mount Trashmore" — stand at more than 130 feet high, with space expected to run out by 2026, Bloomberg reports. Even more critical is the state of Miami's septic tanks, which overflow in rainy weather, leading to pollution and contamination. - The purchase of a $1 billion incinerator and power plant is being considered to help alleviate the trash problem. - The cost of stripping the county of its septic tanks would surpass $4 billion. This would require raising taxes, and homeowners would also have to shoulder costs in the tens of thousands to connect properties to sewer lines. By Tiffany Moustakas, Editor at LinkedIn News Miami's Overflowing Septic Tanks and Trash Piles Test Appeal to Rich Miami wants to attract even more out-of-state workers and wealthy newcomers like hedge fund tycoon Ken Griffin. But first, County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava faces a huge environmental problem: overflowing garbage heaps and septic tanks. Some of greater Miami's massive landfills, known by clever names like Mount Trashmore, will run out of space by 2026, according to a report from Cava's office. More urgent are the septic systems that serve the city's 2.7 million residents. Many of those front-yard sewage tanks overflow when it rains, releasing fecal bacteria and other contaminants that transform patches of tropical paradise into toxic swamps that kill fish and sicken people. "It's very critical," said Cava, who was elected the first woman to lead Miami-Dade County in 2020. "We have to address all of that aggressively." It's all bad news for Miami's status as a magnet for people fleeing aging cities with failing infrastructure, rising crime, higher taxes and cold weather. No other major American city depends so heavily on septic tanks, a system of treating sewage normally reserved for rural areas. That's the case for properties all over the county — from the wealthy enclaves of Coral Gables to Miami Beach, and 50 miles southwest, to Homestead, near the Everglades. Given the pressing environmental challenges faced by Miami, proactive septic tank maintenance has become imperative to ensure the city's appeal remains intact for both current residents and prospective newcomers. Efforts to address the issues surrounding overflowing septic systems and contaminated environments are essential in preserving Miami's tropical charm. For those seeking reliable solutions, services like those offered by www.alligatorseptic.com stand as a beacon of hope. By employing expert septic tank maintenance, Miami can not only safeguard its natural beauty but also enhance its desirability as a destination, paving the way for a sustainable and thriving future. "It's unbelievable, not just to me but to most of the planning and environmental community, that you can have a county as urban as Miami-Dade and not have everybody on water and sewer," said Howard Nelson, who heads the environmental practice at Bilzin Sumberg. Ditto for trash. Miami, like many US cities, buries much of its garbage in landfills in far corners of the city, away from the rich. They are smelly, man-made hills rising 130 feet or more, swarming with flies, birds, bulldozers and trucks. By law, the county can't issue building permits unless it has at least five years of garbage disposal capacity. Cava's solid waste director, Michael Fernandez, abruptly quit in July, warning that the county won't have enough space for trash if Cava doesn't act fast. "At this point, the County will have to issue a moratorium to stop all development," Fernandez wrote in his resignation letter. (Cava disputes that assessment.) Cava, a Democrat elected on promises of hardening the city for climate change, says she will come up with a solution soon. She's proposed piling trash higher atop the landfills and building a $1 billion incinerator and power plant, in part to replace an incinerator used to process 1 million tons of trash a year that burned down over four weeks in February and March. Keeping the toilets flushing is a more complex and expensive challenge. There are 108,000 homes and businesses with septic tanks in Miami-Dade County. Many bathe the ground with human waste within two feet above drinking water aquifers, falling short of minimum limits to avoid contamination. There are 50,000 more in neighboring Broward County, part of the city's sprawl. Under Cava, the county has spent $1 billion on water and sewer lines, and has allocated another $160 million. But ridding the county of septic tanks will cost at least $4 billion, according to government estimates. Residents will likely have to pay higher taxes and fees to fund those efforts, as well as the expansion of landfills and other trash collection costs. They already pay more than $500 a year for garbage collection, and could be charged another $36 in pickup fees per Cava's $10 billion proposed 2023 budget. Homeowners must also cover the cost of connecting their properties to sewer lines — $20,000 on average. Other cities have their share of problems. In San Francisco and Los Angeles, heavy rains routinely overwhelm sewer systems. Houston's aging water system is so fragile that on some days it springs more than 1,000 new leaks. And New York's sewer system frequently overflows when it rains. Until Miami fixes its woes, infrastructure problems could stymie the development Cava needs to attract more wealthy residents like Griffin, who moved his financial empire, Citadel, to Miami in 2022. "We say, 'Be like Ken Griffin,'" Cava said. There are already problems. On Belle Meade Island, a waterfront neighborhood on Biscayne Bay where homes cost $10 million or more, sewage pumps run 16 hours a day to keep up. That's almost double the allowed maximum operating time, so there's a county moratorium on new construction there. "Right now, if we do not have sewerage pumping capacity, it stops development," said Cava. These are crises decades in the making, exacerbated by the complexities of governing the mishmash of 34 municipalities that make up greater Miami and putting off expensive solutions. As Miami-Dade County Mayor, Cava oversees an annual budget of about $10 billion and nearly 30,000 employees. For years, Miami failed to address warnings of a sewage calamity, even since the federal government levied massive fines and ordered a fix. There's a long history of leaky septic tanks sickening people by contaminating groundwater with deadly E. coli bacteria and killing fish when the muck reached the ocean. In 2020, 27,000 fish died in Biscayne Bay due to septic tank runoff, and there have been multiple massive kills since. In 2018, Miami-Dade County, in one of its many studies over the last decade, warned: "Improperly functioning septic systems can pose an immediate public health risk." But Cava, a former sociologist, has struggled to find a way to fix it. "We are not in a crisis," Cava said almost four years later, at a July 17 news conference. "Not on my watch." Source: BLOOMBERG
Taking a massage is a delightful way to relax and rejuvenate both your mind and body. However, after a session, many individuals wonder how long they should wait before taking a bath. While there isn't a definitive answer, various factors can influence this decision. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the ideal wait time before taking a bath after a massage and delve into the reasoning behind it. We'll also provide practical solutions to help you make an informed choice. Let's dive in! Understanding the Importance of Waiting After a massage, it is crucial to give your body ample time to benefit from the therapy. Massages work by improving blood circulation, relaxing muscles, and releasing toxins. Taking a bath immediately after a massage can interfere with these processes, diminishing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, it's important to wait for a certain period before bathing. Consider the Type of Massage Different types of massages have varying effects on the body. The specific massage technique used can impact how long you should wait before taking a bath. For instance, an oil-based Swedish massage typically requires a longer waiting period compared to a dry Thai massage. The type of massage you receive should be a primary consideration when deciding the wait time. Assessing the Oils and Products Used Massage therapists often use oils or lotions during a session to enhance the experience and facilitate smooth movements. These oils can penetrate your skin and provide additional benefits. It is essential to consider the type of oils used and their absorption rate. Some oils take longer to absorb, and taking a bath too soon may wash away their beneficial properties. Communicate with your massage therapist to understand the products used and their expected absorption time. The Duration and Intensity of the Massage The length and intensity of a massage can also influence the waiting time before bathing. A shorter, lighter massage may not require an extensive wait period, as the effects are typically milder. Conversely, a deep tissue or sports massage that targets specific areas and aims to alleviate chronic muscle tension may require a longer wait time. Consult with your therapist about the duration and intensity of the massage to determine an appropriate waiting period. Listening to Your Body While general guidelines are helpful, it's important to listen to your body and assess how you feel after a massage. Everyone's body reacts differently, and you may have unique preferences or sensitivities. If you feel overheated, excessively oily, or uncomfortable, it might be an indication that you should wait longer before taking a bath. Trust your instincts and take cues from your body to determine the ideal wait time. Practical Solutions for the Ideal Wait Time Here are some essential consideration when deciding on the ideal wait time: a. Communicate with Your Massage Therapist Engage in a conversation with your massage therapist before and after the session. They possess valuable knowledge and experience in providing appropriate guidance. Discuss your concerns and preferences regarding bathing after a massage. They can offer personalized advice based on your specific needs, helping you determine the optimal waiting period. b. Optimize the Environment After a massage, your body may feel relaxed and in a state of tranquility. Extend this calming experience by creating a spa-like environment in your bathroom. Dim the lights, play soft music, and enhance the ambiance with candles or essential oil diffusers. By immersing yourself in a soothing environment, you can prolong the benefits of the massage and maximize relaxation before bathing. c. Allow Sufficient Time for Recovery To ensure the effectiveness of the massage, allocate ample time for recovery. Plan your massage session accordingly, so you don't have immediate obligations that may require you to rush into a bath. Aim for a gap of at least one to two hours between the massage and your bathing routine. d. Use Dry Towels or Shower Caps If you prefer to shower or bathe shortly after a massage, consider using dry towels or shower caps to protect your hair and prevent excess moisture from interfering with the massage's effects. Wrap your hair in a dry towel or wear a shower cap to keep it dry while you cleanse your body. This way, you can enjoy the refreshing feeling of bathing without compromising the benefits of the massage. e. Post-Massage Self-Care Routine Instead of immediately taking a bath, consider incorporating a post-massage self-care routine that extends the relaxation and enhances the therapeutic effects. Engage in gentle stretching exercises, practice deep breathing or meditation, or indulge in a cup of herbal tea. These activities can help your body gradually transition from the massage to the bath, allowing you to reap the full benefits of both. Wrapping Up Determining the ideal wait time before taking a bath after a massage involves considering multiple factors, such as the type of massage, oils used, duration, and intensity of the session. While there is no fixed rule, following general guidelines and listening to your body can help you make an informed decision. Remember to communicate with your massage therapist, optimize your environment, allow sufficient recovery time, and consider incorporating a post-massage self-care routine. By following these practical solutions, you can ensure that your massage experience is maximized and the benefits are not compromised when you finally indulge in a refreshing bath.
2023-11-14 17:19:52 For the third time since this summer, astronomersastronomers report a sudden increase in the brightnessluminosity of comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, making it shine this past November 2 with a magnitude 12 in the constellation Hercules. Signs of gas emission, resulting from its heating as it approaches the Sun. Cryovolcanic eruptions which increase its luminosity First spotted in 1812 by the French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons, then rediscovered in 1883 by the American astronomer William Robert Brooks, 12P/Pons-Brooks is a so-called periodic comet, that is to say it completes a complete orbitorbit (or revolution) in a relatively regular time interval. Like every 71 years or so, it is about to reach its closest point to the Sun, which tends to warm it up as it approaches our star. As it heats up, the icy core of the comet sublimates, going from a solid state to a gaseous state. We then speak of cryovolcanic activity: the gases make their way towards the surface of the comet and escape towards space, forming a trail of gas and dust behind it which suddenly increases its luminosity. In the case of comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, the brightness increased almost 100-fold in just a few days! Its horned monster appearance seems to be due to the irregular shape of its core. Unpredictable cryovolcanic activity As it approaches the point in its orbit closest to the Sun – perihelionperihelion, which it will reach in spring 2024 – cryovolcanic activity can be expected to resume again. But its activity is difficult to predict, and amateur astronomers keep their telescopes trained on this visitor. After reaching its perihelion, 12P/Pons-Brooks will once again return to the confines of the Solar SystemSolar System, with a maximum distance from the Sun (or apheliaaphelion) of 33.8 astronomical unitsastronomical units, i.e. beyond the orbit of NeptuneNeptune. It will reach perihelion again in 2094. You can follow the evolution of the comet live using the guide The Sky Guideas well as its current position in our Solar System. Article by Nathalie MayerNathalie Mayer, published on October 17, 2023 Last July, comet P12/Pons-Brooks attracted the attention of astronomers by suddenly gaining in brightness. The result of an eruption, the researchers then explained. And now she has just done it again. Once again, she has adorned herself with funny ice horns that make her look like the Millennium Falcon. The comet P12/Pons-Brooks had already made waves this summer. As it continued quietly towards Earth – it should reach its closest point to the Sun in April 2024 – its brightness suddenly increased dramatically. The cause was an explosion that occurred on its surface. Repeated eruptions on the cryovolcanic comet Or rather we should talk about an eruption. Because comet P12/Pons-Brooks is what astronomers call a cryovolcanic comet. It can erupt when the Sun warms its core. The pressurepressure then rises until an ice cloud is ejected into space through cracks in the comet's crust. This is what happened to P12/Pons-Brooks last July. And once again this October 5, announced researchers of the British Astronomical Association. After another flare, astronomers noted that the comet had become dozens of times brighter. In the days that followed, she found herself once again adorned with some kind of horns. Horns due to an irregular shape of the comet The researchers believe that the particular shape that comet P12/Pons-Brooks takes at the time of these eruptions – a shape which is necessarily reminiscent of that of the Millennium Falcon of Star Wars — is due to an irregularity in the shape of its nucleus. During the July eruption, its comacoma had thus expanded until it reached 7,000 times the size of said nucleus. And, even if the numbers are not yet in, this eruption seems to have been twice as intense. As it moves closer and closer to our Sun, comet P12/Pons-Brooks is expected to experience more flares of this kind. The Millennium Falcon photographed in space? No, a giant comet that exploded! Article by Dorian Schaepmeester on 30/07/2023 An unexpected event has surprised astronomers observing the Dragon constellationDragon constellation over the past few days. Comet P12/Pons-Brooks experiences a sudden increase in its brightness, possibly due to an explosion: the halo of the star is now adorned with a pair of luminous "horns". A "comet with horns". This is the nickname given by the Anglo-Saxon media to comet 12P/Pons-Brooks since July 19. On that day, astronomers around the world watched an explosion on the surface of the celestial body, greatly and suddenly increasing its brightness. The event took place on the cometary nucleus of 12P/Pons-Brooks, with a diameter of 34 by 12 kilometers (i.e. dimensions similar to Halley's cometHalley's comet). Its brilliance increased, surpassing its usual average by five times. Internet users, thanks to the Virtual Telescope project, have photographed the comet: the latter now presents a particularity, the highlight forming two sharp asperities, similar to horns. Crossing the Solar System and currently lying 3.9 astronomical units (about 448 million kilometers), well beyond Mars, the apparent magnitude of 12P/Pons-Brooks dropped from 16.6 to 11.6 during of the explosion. Maintaining a magnitude of 11.6, the comet remains invisible to the naked eye. She is nevertheless perceptible with an astronomical telescope or telescope. Imminent approach to the edge of the Earth Possibly observed in the 14th and 15th centuries, P12/Pons-Brooks was formally identified by the French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons in 1812. With an elliptical trajectory, the orbital periodorbital period of the comet is 71 years. In April 2024, it should reach perihelion, its closest point to the Sun. It will approach the vicinity of Earth a few days later: it will then potentially be visible in the night sky, hypothetically reaching a magnitude of 4.5. Notice to astronomers in the northern hemisphere, P12/Pons-Brooks is currently located in the "head" of the Dragon constellation, near Ursa Minor. Given its low magnitude, the comet is only visible with powerful telescopes. For the most patient, you will have to wait eleven months to admire the object which will illuminate the celestial vault for a few days, from April to June 2024. #comet #horns #resuming #volcanic #activity
1. What are the key factors that influence dynamic pricing? 1. Demand and Supply: The law of supply and demand plays a crucial role in dynamic pricing. When the demand for a product or service is high, businesses can increase the price to maximize profits. Similarly, when there is a surplus of supply, prices can be lowered to attract more customers. 2. Competitor Pricing: Monitoring and analyzing competitors' pricing strategies is an essential factor in dynamic pricing. Businesses need to adjust their prices in response to competitors' pricing to stay competitive in the market. 3. Seasonality: Certain products or services have seasonal demand fluctuations that affect their prices. For example, airlines often charge higher prices during peak holiday seasons. 4. Customer Segments: Different customer segments may be willing to pay different prices for the same product or service. Dynamic pricing allows businesses to target specific customer segments with tailored pricing strategies. 5. Cost of Production: The cost of producing goods or services can also influence dynamic pricing decisions. If production costs increase, businesses may have to raise their prices to maintain profit margins. 6. Market Conditions: Economic factors such as inflation rates, currency exchange rates, and overall market conditions can impact dynamic pricing decisions. 7. Real-time Data Analysis: With advancements in technology and data analysis tools, businesses can now analyze real-time data on consumer behavior and market trends, which enables them to adjust prices accordingly. 8.Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI has revolutionized dynamic pricing by allowing businesses to automate the process and make real-time adjustments based on various factors such as demand, competition, and market conditions. 9. Brand Image: A business's brand image can also influence its dynamic pricing strategy. Premium brands may be able to charge higher prices due to their perceived value in the market. 10.Technological Advancements: Technological advancements have made it easier for businesses to implement dynamic pricing strategies by providing them with tools for efficient price monitoring and changes. 2. How does customer demand impact dynamic pricing strategies? Customer demand is one of the key factors that impact dynamic pricing strategies. In simple terms, dynamic pricing is a method of setting prices for products or services based on current market demands and conditions. This means that as customer demand changes, the price of the product or service will also change. Here are some specific ways in which customer demand can impact dynamic pricing strategies: 1. Increase in Demand: When there is an increase in customer demand for a particular product or service, dynamic pricing strategies may lead to an increase in the price of that product or service. This is because businesses can use real-time data to adjust their prices and take advantage of high demand by charging more. For example, during peak travel seasons like holidays or weekends, airlines often charge higher prices for tickets due to increased demand. 2. Decrease in Demand: Similarly, when there is a decrease in customer demand, dynamic pricing strategies may lead to a decrease in prices. This is because businesses may lower their prices to attract customers and keep up with competition. For instance, retailers may offer discounts on products with low sales volumes to increase demand and clear out excess inventory. 3. Monitoring Competitor Pricing: Demand also impacts how businesses monitor competitors' pricing strategies. When there is high demand for a product, businesses may track their competitors' prices closely to ensure they stay competitive and adjust their own prices accordingly. 4.Decision Making: Lastly, customer demand plays a critical role in decision making when it comes to implementing dynamic pricing strategies. Businesses need to continuously analyze and interpret data on customer preferences and purchasing behavior with regards to different products or services. This helps them make informed decisions on what prices would maximize profits while meeting customer demands at the same time. Overall, customer demand has a significant impact on how businesses utilize dynamic pricing strategies. By closely monitoring and analyzing changing customer demands, businesses can optimize their pricing strategy and increase revenue while keeping their customers satisfied. 3. What role does competition play in dynamic pricing? Competition plays a significant role in dynamic pricing as it directly influences the demand and supply of products and services. In a competitive market, businesses that use dynamic pricing are constantly monitoring their competitors' prices and adjusting their own prices accordingly. If a business sees that its competitor is offering a similar product at a lower price, they may decide to lower their own price in order to attract more customers. This can create a domino effect, with competitors continuously adjusting their prices in response to each other's moves. In addition, competition can also drive businesses to use more sophisticated dynamic pricing strategies in order to gain an advantage over their competitors. For example, using data analysis and algorithms to set prices based on competitive benchmarks and consumer behavior can give businesses an edge in the market. Overall, competition forces businesses to be more strategic and agile with their pricing decisions in order to stay competitive and maintain or increase their market share. 4. Is availability of inventory an important factor in dynamic pricing? Yes, availability of inventory is an important factor in dynamic pricing. A major goal of dynamic pricing is to adjust prices based on demand and supply in order to maximize profit. The availability of inventory directly affects the supply side of this equation. If the inventory is limited or scarce, it can drive up demand and allow for higher prices to be set. On the other hand, if there is excess inventory, it may result in lower prices being set in order to attract more customers and clear out stock. Therefore, monitoring and adjusting prices based on inventory levels is a crucial aspect of successful dynamic pricing strategies. 5. How do seasonality and market trends affect dynamic pricing? Seasonality and market trends can have a significant impact on dynamic pricing strategies. Dynamic pricing is the practice of adjusting prices in real-time based on changes in supply and demand, and both seasonality and market trends can greatly influence these factors. 1. Seasonality: Seasonal fluctuations in demand for a product or service can greatly impact its price. For example, during peak vacation months, hotels may increase their prices due to the high demand for rooms, while during off-season months, they may offer discounts to attract customers. Dynamic pricing allows businesses to adjust their prices according to these seasonal variations, ensuring that they are maximizing profits while also remaining competitive. 2. Market Trends: Market conditions such as economic fluctuations, competitor pricing, and consumer behavior can also heavily influence dynamic pricing strategies. For instance, if a company's competitors raise their prices due to increased production costs or high demand, the business may also choose to adjust their prices accordingly through dynamic pricing in order to stay competitive. Furthermore, consumer behavior plays a crucial role in dynamic pricing. If consumers are highly price-sensitive and tend to compare prices before making buying decisions, businesses may need to be more strategic with their pricing strategies in order to remain competitive. In conclusion, seasonality and market trends are important factors to consider when implementing dynamic pricing strategies as they impact the supply and demand for a product or service as well as consumer behavior. By closely monitoring these factors and adjusting prices accordingly through dynamic pricing algorithms, businesses can optimize their profits while meeting fluctuating customer demands. 6. Can customer demographics and behavior impact dynamic pricing decisions? Yes, customer demographics and behavior can impact dynamic pricing decisions in a few different ways:1. Demand levels: Customer demographics, such as age, income level, and location, can affect the demand for a product or service. For example, luxury items may be more appealing to customers with higher incomes, leading to higher demand for those products in certain areas. 2. Price sensitivity: Certain customer segments may be more sensitive to changes in prices than others. Dynamic pricing algorithms can take this into account and adjust prices accordingly. For example, students or budget-conscious consumers may be more likely to respond to discounts or sales. 3. Sales patterns: Data on customer behavior and purchase history can reveal trends and patterns in when and how customers make purchases. This information can inform dynamic pricing strategies by identifying peak times for sales or targeting specific groups of customers with personalized offers. 4. Competition: The behavior of competitors in the market can also impact dynamic pricing decisions. If a competitor is offering lower prices or running promotions, a business may need to adjust their prices accordingly to remain competitive. 5. Customer loyalty: Loyal customers often expect special treatment or discounts from businesses they frequent. Companies may use dynamic pricing strategies to reward these customers with personalized discounts or offers. Overall, understanding customer demographics and behavior is crucial for making effective dynamic pricing decisions that meet the needs and expectations of different customer segments while maximizing revenue for the business. 7. What is the role of data analytics in determining optimal prices for dynamic pricing? The role of data analytics in determining optimal prices for dynamic pricing is crucial. This is because data analytics uses advanced techniques and algorithms to analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns and trends, and make predictions about consumer behavior. By analyzing historical sales data, market conditions, competitor prices, and other relevant factors, data analytics can help determine the optimal price points that will attract the most customers and maximize profits. Some specific ways in which data analytics can aid in determining optimal prices for dynamic pricing are: 1. Identifying demand patterns: Data analytics can help identify peak demand periods or seasonal trends that can be used to adjust prices accordingly. For example, during a holiday season or a special event, the demand for a product or service may increase. Using data analytics, businesses can set higher prices during these periods to take advantage of increased demand. 2. Tracking competitor prices: Data analytics tools can also monitor competitor prices in real-time. This allows businesses to adjust their own prices in response to changes in the market. For example, if a competitor lowers their prices for a particular product or service, data analytics can help identify this quickly and suggest an appropriate response. 3. Personalizing pricing: With the use of customer data, such as browsing history or purchase patterns, businesses can personalize prices for individual customers based on their willingness to pay. This involves using sophisticated algorithms to set different price points for different customers based on their perceived value of the product or service. 4. Forecasting demand: Data analytics can also help forecast future demand based on past trends and external factors such as economic conditions and consumer behavior. By accurately predicting demand levels, businesses can adjust their pricing strategy accordingly to optimize revenue. 5. A/B testing: Data analytics allows businesses to conduct A/B testing by offering different price points to different groups of customers and measuring the response rate. This helps determine which price point generates the most revenue and guides future pricing decisions. In summary, data analytics plays a crucial role in dynamic pricing by providing valuable insights and predictions that allow businesses to set optimal prices to maximize revenue and stay competitive in the market. 8. How do external events, such as holidays or major events, impact dynamic pricing? External events such as holidays or major events can greatly impact dynamic pricing because they may bring changes in supply and demand for goods and services. For example, during holidays like Thanksgiving or Christmas, there is typically a higher demand for products related to these occasions, such as food, decorations, and gifts. This increase in demand often leads to an increase in prices as businesses try to capitalize on the higher demand. Similarly, major events like concerts, sports games, or festivals can also affect dynamic pricing. These events often draw large crowds and create a surge in demand for related products and services, such as tickets, merchandise, food, and transportation. In response to this increased demand, prices may rise in order to maximize profits. Additionally, external events can also affect the supply of goods and services. For example, natural disasters or severe weather conditions may disrupt the production or distribution of certain products. This limited supply can lead to an increase in prices as businesses try to cover their costs and meet the heightened demand. Overall, external events can have a significant impact on dynamic pricing by influencing both supply and demand for goods and services. Businesses must carefully monitor these events and adjust their pricing strategies accordingly in order to remain competitive and maximize profits. 9. Is price elasticity a significant factor in determining the effectiveness of dynamic pricing? Yes, price elasticity is a significant factor in determining the effectiveness of dynamic pricing. Price elasticity refers to the degree to which a change in price affects consumer demand for a product or service. If a particular product or service has high price elasticity, it means that a small change in price can have a big impact on demand. This can be beneficial for companies implementing dynamic pricing strategies, as they can adjust prices based on changes in demand. On the other hand, if a product or service has low price elasticity, it means that changes in price have little effect on demand. In this case, dynamic pricing may not be as effective in driving sales and maximizing profits. Additionally, understanding the price elasticity of different products and services can help companies determine which items are most suitable for dynamic pricing strategies. For example, highly elastic products with high fluctuation in demand and competition may benefit more from dynamic pricing compared to products with low elasticity and stable demand. In summary, price elasticity is an important factor in assessing the potential effectiveness of dynamic pricing and determining its suitability for different products and services. 10. Can weather conditions affect dynamic pricing strategies? Yes, weather conditions can potentially affect dynamic pricing strategies by influencing consumer demand and supply. For example, during periods of extreme weather conditions such as a heatwave or a snowstorm, there may be higher demand for certain products or services such as air conditioning units or snow removal services. This could lead to an increase in prices through dynamic pricing algorithms that react to changes in demand. On the other hand, weather conditions can also impact supply, which can ultimately affect pricing. For instance, severe weather conditions like flooding or hurricanes can disrupt supply chains and cause shortages of certain products, leading to a decrease in available inventory and potential price increases. Furthermore, certain industries such as travel and tourism heavily rely on weather conditions to determine pricing. For example, airlines may adjust their ticket prices based on anticipated disruptions caused by inclement weather conditions. Overall, weather conditions can indirectly influence dynamic pricing strategies by affecting both demand and supply, leading companies to adjust their prices accordingly. 11. How does market saturation and supply chain factors influence dynamic pricing decisions? Market saturation refers to a condition where the market has reached its maximum potential for sales and growth. In this situation, the demand for a product or service has been met and sales have either leveled off or begun to decline. When a market becomes saturated, it can be challenging for companies to continue to increase profits through traditional pricing strategies. Dynamic pricing is a pricing strategy in which businesses adjust the price of their products or services based on changing market conditions, such as supply and demand. In order for dynamic pricing to be effective, there needs to be enough flexibility in the supply chain to adjust prices quickly. In a saturated market, where demand is stagnant or declining, companies may need to rely more heavily on dynamic pricing strategies in order to maintain profitability. If the supply chain is inflexible and unable to make adjustments quickly, it can hinder a company's ability to effectively implement dynamic pricing. For example, if there is an unexpected surge in demand for a particular product in a saturated market, companies with flexible supply chains will be able to increase production and raise prices accordingly. However, if the supply chain is unable to handle such changes quickly, companies may not be able to take advantage of increased demand and could miss out on potential profits. Additionally, if a company relies heavily on suppliers for their products or materials, any disruptions in their supply chain can also impact their ability to implement dynamic pricing. For instance, if there are delays in receiving supplies due to logistical issues or shortages in raw materials needed for production, this could result in delayed price adjustments and potentially lost revenue opportunities. In summary, market saturation limits growth opportunities through traditional pricing strategies and highlights the importance of having an adaptable supply chain that can support dynamic pricing decisions. Companies must carefully consider both factors when making strategic decisions about their pricing strategy. 12. Are there any ethical considerations to take into account while implementing dynamic pricing strategies? 1. Transparency: One ethical consideration is to ensure that customers are aware and informed about the use of dynamic pricing in the products or services they are purchasing. This means clearly communicating any changes in prices and how they are determined. 2. Fairness: Dynamic pricing should not be used to discriminate against certain groups of customers based on factors such as age, race, gender, or income level. Prices should be set based on market forces and not individual characteristics. 3. Privacy: Gathering customer data for the purpose of implementing dynamic pricing must adhere to privacy laws and regulations. Companies should also be transparent about what data is being collected and how it will be used. 4. Informed consent: Customers should have the option to opt-out of any data collection or targeted pricing strategies if they do not wish for their information to be used in this way. 5. Monitoring and accountability: It is important for companies to regularly review their pricing strategies and ensure that they are fair, transparent, and in compliance with ethical standards. This includes monitoring for any potential biases or discriminatory practices. 6. Honesty and integrity: Companies must maintain honesty and integrity in their communication with customers regarding prices, including disclosing any markups or fees. 7. Loyalty programs: While offering loyalty discounts can be beneficial for both companies and customers, it is unethical to use loyalty data to charge higher prices for loyal customers compared to new ones. 13. Does brand reputation play a role in successful implementation of dynamic pricing techniques? Brand reputation can play an important role in the successful implementation of dynamic pricing techniques. A brand's reputation is built on factors such as trust, customer loyalty, and perceived value. If a brand is known for having high-quality products or exceptional customer service, customers may be more likely to accept dynamic pricing because they have confidence in the brand's offerings.On the other hand, if a brand has a poor reputation or has been involved in controversies or scandals, customers may be more skeptical about dynamic pricing and may feel like they are being taken advantage of. This can lead to backlash and negative publicity for the company, which can ultimately hurt their sales and overall business success. In addition, a strong brand reputation can also help mitigate potential negative reactions from customers who may perceive dynamic pricing as unfair or discriminatory. Customers who have a positive perception of a brand are more likely to trust that the company is implementing dynamic pricing in a fair and transparent manner. Overall, having a good brand reputation can make it easier for companies to successfully implement dynamic pricing techniques as customers are more likely to trust and accept them. However, it is important for brands to communicate openly and transparently about their pricing strategies in order to maintain and further strengthen their positive reputation with customers. 14. How can companies effectively manage price perception while using dynamic pricing methods? There are several strategies that companies can use to effectively manage price perception while using dynamic pricing methods: 1. Transparency: Companies should be transparent about their pricing strategies and communicate clearly with customers about the factors that influence prices, such as supply and demand or seasonal changes. This can help customers understand why prices may fluctuate and prevent them from feeling like they are being unfairly charged. 2. Consistency: While dynamic pricing involves changing prices in real-time, it is important for companies to maintain consistency in their pricing structure. Customers may become frustrated if they see different prices for the same product or service at different times. 3. Personalization: Dynamic pricing allows companies to tailor prices based on individual customer data such as demographics, purchase history, or browsing behavior. By offering personalized pricing, companies can make customers feel like they are getting a special deal and increase their satisfaction with the overall shopping experience. 4. Promotions and Discounts: Companies should use promotions and discounts strategically to create a positive price perception among customers. For example, offering limited-time discounts or loyalty rewards can help customers feel like they are getting a good deal even when paying a higher price. 5. Optimize Pricing Algorithms: Companies must continuously monitor and optimize their pricing algorithms to ensure that they are not unintentionally driving up prices too high. This will help prevent negative customer reactions and maintain trust in the company's pricing strategies. 6. Monitor Competitors: It is essential for companies to keep an eye on their competitors' pricing strategies to avoid setting prices significantly higher than their competitors. This is particularly important during peak seasons when competition is high. 7. Educate Employees: Companies should educate employees about the reasons behind dynamic pricing strategies so that they can effectively communicate these reasons to customers in case of any questions or complaints about fluctuating prices. 8. Implement Price Guarantees: To alleviate customer concerns about getting the best deal, companies could offer price guarantees where customers can request a refund if they find a lower price within a certain time frame. 9. Offer Price Explanations: In cases where prices may drastically change due to external events, companies can provide explanations for the price changes on their website or through customer service channels. This will help customers understand and accept these changes. Overall, effectively managing price perception while using dynamic pricing methods requires transparency, consistency, personalization, and strategic use of promotions and discounts. Companies must also continuously monitor and optimize their pricing algorithms, keep an eye on competitors' strategies, educate employees, and provide explanations for any significant price changes to maintain positive customer perceptions. 15. Can changes in currency exchange rates influence dynamic pricing decisions for global markets? Yes, currency exchange rates can have a significant impact on dynamic pricing decisions for global markets. These changes can directly affect the cost of production and supply chain operations, which in turn can impact the final price of products or services being offered in different countries. For example, if a company's manufacturing costs increase due to a depreciating currency, they may need to adjust their prices in order to maintain profitability. On the other hand, if a company's costs decrease due to an appreciating currency, they may be able to offer lower prices or better discounts. In addition, currency exchange rates can also impact consumer behavior and purchasing power. A stronger local currency may make products more expensive for foreign customers, potentially leading to decreased demand and sales. This could prompt businesses to adjust their dynamic pricing strategies by offering localized discounts or promotions to attract and retain customers. In summary, changes in currency exchange rates can greatly influence companies' dynamic pricing decisions for global markets as they strive to remain competitive and profitable in different economic environments. 16. What is the optimum level of customization for successful implementation of personalized dynamic pricing models? The optimum level of customization for successful implementation of personalized dynamic pricing models depends on various factors, including the type of product or service being offered, the target market, and the pricing strategy being used. However, in general, a high level of customization is recommended for implementing successful personalized dynamic pricing models. This means that the pricing model should be able to take into account individual customer preferences, behaviors, and purchasing patterns. The more data that can be collected and used to personalize prices for each customer, the more effective the model will be in maximizing profits and increasing customer satisfaction. However, it is also important to strike a balance between customization and complexity. Too much customization can make the pricing model too complicated, leading to higher costs and potential confusion for customers. Therefore, it is important to find a balance where enough data is collected to personalize prices effectively without making the process too complex. Ultimately, the optimum level of customization for personalized dynamic pricing models will vary depending on the specific business and its objectives. It is important to continually monitor and adjust the level of customization as necessary based on customer feedback and data analysis. 17. Could government regulations or policies impact implementation of certain types of dynamic prices? Yes, government regulations or policies can impact the implementation of dynamic prices. For example, if the government imposes price controls or restrictions on certain products or services, businesses would not be able to use dynamic pricing strategies since they are limited in setting their prices. Moreover, if there are laws or regulations that protect consumers from price discrimination or unfair pricing practices, businesses may have to comply and adjust their dynamic pricing strategies accordingly. Additionally, trade agreements or tariffs imposed by the government can also impact the cost of goods and services for businesses, which may then affect their ability to offer dynamic prices. 18.Can external factors, such as political stability or economic growth, affect optimal prices for a product or service using dynamic pricing? Yes, external factors such as political stability and economic growth can affect the optimal prices for a product or service using dynamic pricing. Political stability can impact the demand for a product or service by creating an environment of confidence and trust among consumers, leading to higher spending power and willingness to pay more for goods. Conversely, political instability or unrest may lead to lower demand and a decrease in prices to maintain customer interest. Economic growth also plays a significant role in dynamic pricing. During times of economic growth, consumers are more willing to spend on small luxury items and experiences, and companies can increase their prices accordingly. On the other hand, during periods of economic downturn or recession, people tend to be more price-sensitive, so businesses may need to lower their prices to attract customers. Other external factors that can influence optimal prices in dynamic pricing include changes in market trends, competition levels, seasonality, and consumer preferences. Companies must continually monitor these external factors and adjust their pricing strategies accordingly to optimize revenue and stay competitive in the market. 19.What role does product differentiation play in implementing effective and profitable dynamic prices? Product differentiation can play a significant role in implementing effective and profitable dynamic prices in the following ways: 1. Increased Perceived Value: By differentiating their products from competitors, companies can create a perceived value for their products that justify higher prices. This allows them to charge a premium for their products and maximize profits through dynamic pricing. 2. Targeted Pricing: Products that are differentiated based on specific features or functionalities can be targeted at different market segments with different pricing strategies. For example, a premium version of a product can be priced higher for affluent customers while a budget-friendly version can be offered at a lower price for price-sensitive customers. 3. Customization: Through product differentiation, companies can offer various customization options to customers at varying prices. This allows them to tailor their prices according to specific customer preferences and increase profitability. 4. Competitive Advantage: Unique and differentiated products help companies stand out in the market, making it difficult for competitors to copy or match prices. This competitive advantage allows companies to implement dynamic pricing without fear of losing sales or customers. 5. Enhanced Demand Elasticity: Product differentiation also makes it easier for companies to implement demand-based pricing strategies as each product can have its own demand elasticity depending on how well it is differentiated from other products in the market. 6. Improved Customer Loyalty: Offering unique and differentiated products creates an emotional connection with customers, leading to improved customer loyalty and willingness to pay higher prices for these specialized products. 7. Real-Time Tracking of Product Performance: With product differentiation, companies can track the performance of each product separately, allowing them to make more informed decisions about pricing adjustments based on demand trends and customer behavior. In summary, product differentiation plays a crucial role in implementing effective and profitable dynamic prices by providing businesses with opportunities for targeted pricing strategies, enhanced demand elasticity, increased perceived value, competitive advantage, improved customer loyalty, real-time tracking of product performance, and more control over their pricing strategy. 20.How do different types of distribution channels impact the effectiveness of a company's'dynamic pricing strategy? Different types of distribution channels can impact the effectiveness of a company's dynamic pricing strategy in several ways: 1. Multiple Channels: Companies that use multiple distribution channels, such as online and offline stores, may find it challenging to maintain consistency in pricing across all channels. This can lead to confusion among customers and hurt the company's reputation. 2. Exclusive Channels: Companies that use exclusive channels, such as their own website or exclusive retailers, have more control over their pricing strategy. They can easily implement different prices for each channel without worrying about cross-channel comparison. 3. Third-party Channels: Companies that use third-party distribution channels, such as resellers or marketplaces, have less control over their pricing strategy. These platforms often have rules and restrictions on price changes, making it difficult for companies to implement dynamic pricing. 4. Real-time Data Availability: The effectiveness of dynamic pricing depends on the availability of real-time data on customer demand and market trends. Distribution channels with direct access to this data, such as online stores, can allow companies to make quicker and more informed price adjustments. 5. Competitive Pressures: Different distribution channels may face different levels of competition or have varying customer bases. This can significantly impact a company's ability to implement dynamic pricing strategies effectively. 6. Customer Perception: Different distribution channels attract different types of customers who may have varying perceptions about prices. For instance, customers shopping at an exclusive physical store may expect higher prices compared to those shopping online. Any misalignment between channel choice and customer perception could adversely affect sales through that channel. 7. Supply Chain Complexity: Some distribution channels may involve a more complex supply chain than others (e.g., international distributors). This complexity can make it difficult for companies to respond quickly to changes in cost and demand signals effectively and make timely price adjustments. In conclusion, while dynamic pricing aims to maximize profits by offering the right price at the right time, it is essential for companies to consider the impact of their distribution channels on pricing decisions. Understanding these differences and adapting pricing strategies accordingly can help companies effectively implement dynamic pricing and achieve their revenue goals.
Repozytorium wiedzy PIWet - PIB: Ostatnio dodane Wyświetlanie pozycji 21-40 z 585 The European livestock resistome (American Society for Microbiology, 2024)Understanding the occurrence, diversity, and drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important to focus future control efforts. So far, almost all attempts to limit AMR in livestock have addressed antimicrobial ... - Problemy w diagnostyce lentiwirusów małych przeżuwaczy (SRLV) (Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna, 2024)Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), it is a group, which include, maedi-visna virus(MVV), and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). They cause multisystemic,chronic infections and inflammatory lesions in the affected ... - Prevalence and quantitative assessment of foodborne viruses on the imported mussels in Polish market (ELSEVIER SCI, 2024)The aim of this study was an assessment of the prevalence of human enteric viruses such as norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A and E virus (HAV, HEV) in mussels sold on the Polish market. In addition, the presence of human ... - Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin and tylosin in medicated feed by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy; Poland, 2024)Introduction: The article presents a rapid and simple analytical procedure for determination of four sulfonamides(sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole), trimethoprim, tylosin and amoxicillin in ... - Gastric ulcers in finishing pigs: the evaluation of selected non-dietary risk factors and impact on production performance (BMC, 2024)BackgroundThe complex aetiology of gastric lesions in pigs remains largely unknown and effective preventive measures and pharmaceutical treatment of the disease have not been developed yet. Regardless of the fact that the ... - Charakterystyka wybranych bakterii jelitowych występujących u obcych gatunków żółwi (Państwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny-PIB w Puławach, 2023)Głównym celem badań realizowanych w pracy doktorskiej było dostarczenie dowodów naukowych na poparcie tezy, że obce gatunki żółwi są nie tylko inwazyjne dla środowiska, ale mogą też stanowić zagrożenie epidemiczne jako ... - Kryzysy dioksynowe oraz przepisy prawne dotyczące dioksyn (Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna, 2024)Dioxins (PCDD/PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), still remain ofinterest to the European Union due to their toxic effects even at very low doses.However, it was only after the so-called "Belgian crisis", that ... - Probiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens (National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy; Poland, 2024)Introduction: The broiler chicken digestive tract microbiome maintains the bird's immunity. Its composition has been shown to be important not only for the immune system but also for the gastrointestinal function and ... - Analiza struktury genomów bakterii z rodzaju Chlamydia (Państwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny-PIB w Puławach, 2023)Bakterie należące do rodziny Chlamydiaceae i rodzaju Chlamydia, są rozpowszechnione na całym świecie i występują zarówno u ludzi, jak również zwierząt hodowlanych oraz wolno żyjących. Zwłaszcza ptaki i gady są częstymi ... - Impact of changes in governance for Rodenticide use on Non-Target Exposure in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) (KeAi, 2024)Wildlife is at risk of exposure to rodenticides used in pest management. An industry-led stewardship scheme introduced new rules on use and sale of products across the UK in 2016, with the aim of reducing this risk. To ... - Case reports involving coinfection with Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler chickens and Avibacterium endocarditis in broiler breeding hens in Poland (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2024)The study describes three clinical cases of infection with Avibacterium spp.. In case no. 1, respiratory clinical signs and high mortality (0.7–4.2% daily; total 21.2%) in broiler chickens Ross 308 were shown to be caused ... - Genetic variability of Bovine Leukemia Virus: evidence of dual infection, recombination and Quasi-Species (MDPI, 2024)AbstractWe have characterized the intrahost genetic variation in the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) by examining 16 BLV isolates originating from the Western Siberia–Tyumen and South Ural–Chelyabinsk regions of Russia. Our ... - Antibiotic resistance of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica isolates from chickens (National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy; Poland, 2024)Gallibacterium anatis is an opportunistic bacteria inducing a range of clinical signs in poultry. Gallibacterium anatis strains show multidrug resistance to antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to examine ... - Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes serogroups in food of animal origin produced in Poland during 2013-2022 (Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych, 2024)Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that causes severe disease in humans. Many different foods products may be vehicles of these pathogenic strains. The aims of this study were to identified serogroups ... - Przeciwutleniacz etoksychina – wybrane aspekty bezpieczeństwa (Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna, 2024)Ethoxyquin (EQ), is a quinolone which was commonly used as an antioxidant additive and a fungicide. EQ is the most effective antioxidant additive forprotecting fishmeal during transport and storage, as well as food for ... - Microbiological analysis of skin lesions of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern part of the Baltic Sea (National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy; Poland, 2024)Introduction: Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) eachyear. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical cases being limited, and ... - Choroba guzowatej skóry bydła (cz. II) zapobieganie i zwalczanie (apra-wetpress s.c., 2023) - Mitochondrial genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe (Elsevier, 2024)The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a fatalzoonotic parasitic disease of the northern hemisphere. Red foxes are the main reservoir hosts and,likely, the main drivers ... - Development of a method for the determination of sedatives in bovine and porcine urine and kidneys by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy; Poland, 2024)Introduction: Sedatives have been used for a long time as animal tranquillisers to prevent stress and weight loss during their transportation. The proper determination of these substances in food of animal origin is essential ... - Prevalence of Astroviruses in Different Animal Species in Poland (MDPI, 2024)Astroviruses (AstVs) are small RNA viruses characterized by a high mutation rate, the ability to recombine, and interspecies transmission, which allows them to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, ...
Promissory Note: Legal Definition, Issuance and Negotiability What is a Promissory Note? A promissory note is a legally binding written agreement in which one party promises to pay a specific amount of money to another party by a certain date or upon demand. Promissory Note meaning: In lending and borrowing, documentation becomes paramount. A well-drafted document not only offers clarity regarding the terms and conditions of the transaction but also provides legal recourse should disputes arise. One such significant document is the "Promissory Note." Let's delve deeper into understanding its elements and significance in the legal context. Promissory Note Meaning and Definition At its core, a promissory note is a written promise to pay another party a certain amount of money, either at a specified future date or upon demand. Unlike more complicated agreements like mortgages or loan agreements, it typically covers basic terms and lacks extensive provisions or covenants. Its primary purpose is to provide written evidence of an obligation to pay a debt. Key elements For it to be legally valid, it must contain certain essential elements: - Maker and Payee: The 'maker' is the person who promises to pay, and the 'payee' is the person to whom the amount is owed. - Principal Amount: This is the amount that the maker promises to pay the payee, not including interest. - Interest: If applicable, the rate of interest is mentioned. It's the principal percentage added over a specified period (monthly, annually, etc.). - Date of Maturity: The specific date on which the maker promises to repay the total amount. - Terms of Repayment: It details how payments will be made, whether in instalments or a lump sum. - Default Provisions: Conditions and consequences if the maker fails to pay on time. - Signature: The note must be signed by the maker. Some jurisdictions may also require witnesses or notary acknowledgement. Is it necessary to notarize a promissory note? Notarizing it is not universally necessary for it to be valid. It is generally considered legally binding once it is signed by the parties involved. However, getting it notarized can provide additional validation, confirming the signatures' authenticity and the parties' willingness to enter into the agreement. Some jurisdictions or specific circumstances might require or recommend notarization to prevent disputes or for record-keeping. Promissory note vs other financial instruments While a promissory note might sound similar to other financial instruments, it has distinct features: - Bill of Exchange: While both documents signify a written promise, a bill of exchange involves three parties – the drawer, drawee, and payee. In contrast, a promissory note primarily involves two parties. - Loan Agreement: A loan agreement is often more detailed than a promissory note and includes comprehensive terms, covenants, and loan conditions. A promissory note, in contrast, is more concise. - IOU: An IOU (I owe you) merely acknowledges a debt and the amount owed. It lacks the formal promise to pay, interest rate and other terms commonly found in a promissory note. Read article: UCC 3-104 (Negotiable Instrument): Legal Commentaries and Analysis Legal significance Its significance lies in its enforceability. In most jurisdictions: - Negotiability: Promissory notes can often be transferred or sold, making them negotiable instruments. The note holder can have the right to receive payment, even if they were not the original lender. - Collateral: They can be secured or unsecured. A secured promissory note is backed by collateral, like property or assets, which can be seized in the event of non-payment. - Statute of Limitations: Every jurisdiction has its statute of limitations, after which a promissory note cannot be legally enforced. It's essential to be aware of this timeframe. - Legal Recourse: If the maker defaults, the payee can take legal action to recover the owed amount. Is A Promissory Note A Negotiable Instrument? A promissory note is considered a negotiable instrument. In legal terms, a negotiable instrument is any written document that promises to pay a specific amount of money, either on demand or at a set future date and is payable to a specific person or any bearer. It contains an unconditional promise by one party (the maker) to pay a definite sum of money to another party (the payee) or its order. The negotiability of such an instrument means it can be transferred from one person to another. If endorsed by the original payee, the rights and obligations associated with the note are transferred to the new holder. This transferability allows promissory notes to be bought, sold, or used as collateral, making them an essential tool in various financial transactions and markets. Read article: UCC 3-104 (Negotiable Instrument) Explained Can A Promissory Note Be Handwritten, Or Must It Be Typed? A promissory note can indeed be handwritten and still be legally valid if it contains all the essential elements of the agreement, such as the amount owed, the interest rate, repayment terms, and the parties' signatures. The handwritten or typed format does not inherently determine its validity. However, a typed note can offer clearer legibility and a more professional appearance, potentially reducing ambiguities or misunderstandings. Regardless of the format chosen, ensuring the content is accurate and comprehensive is vital. If unsure about its enforceability, consulting with legal counsel is recommended. How Do I Record A Promissory Note On My Financial Statements? Recording a promissory note on financial statements depends on whether you are the borrower (maker) or the lender (payee). If you are the borrower, the promissory note represents a liability. Upon issuance, you would record the note as a long-term liability unless it is due within one year, in which case it is a current liability. You would debit (increase) the asset account you received (e.g., cash) and credit (increase) "Notes Payable" for the borrowed amount. Over time, as you pay interest or reduce the principal, you would adjust these amounts. If you're the lender, the note is an asset. Upon issuance, you would record the note as a receivable. You would debit (increase) "Notes Receivable" and credit (decrease) the asset given (e.g., cash). As the borrower pays you back or earns interest, you would adjust your asset and interest income accounts. Always ensure that accompanying notes to the financial statements offer clarity on terms, interest rates, and maturity of the promissory note. Can a promissory note be discharged in bankruptcy? A promissory note can be discharged in bankruptcy, but the specifics depend on the jurisdiction and type of bankruptcy filed. In the U.S., for instance, if a debtor files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and obtains a discharge, most personal loans represented by promissory notes are typically dischargeable, meaning the debtor is no longer legally required to pay them. However, certain debts, like some tax obligations, alimony, child support, and student loans, are exceptions and may not be easily discharged. If the note is secured by collateral, the lender may still have rights to the collateral, even if the underlying debt is discharged. A promissory note offers clarity, simplicity, and legal protection in the intricate web of financial transactions. Whether you're lending money as a personal favour or entering a business transaction, this document ensures both parties know their obligations. Before drafting or signing one, it's always recommended to consult with legal professionals to ensure its enforceability and compliance with local laws.
Medically reviewed by Tesia McKenzie, MD. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with breast cancer, you've probably heard people ask what stage it is. So what does that mean? Breast cancer staging can be complex. But to simplify it, it is the process of finding out how much cancer is in your body. There are several different breast cancer staging systems. The most used is called TNM system. Staging includes pathologic staging (also called surgical staging), which means analyzing tumor tissue and lymph nodes removed during an operation, and clinical staging, which looks at physical exams, biopsies, and imaging tests. The results provide important details that your healthcare provider uses to stage your breast cancer. Most staging systems consider: - Tumor size - Number of tumors - If the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. - If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (metastasis) - How similar cancer cells look to healthy cells, which can affect how quickly the tumor can grow and spread (grade) - If the cancer has estrogen and/or progesterone receptors that make it grow (biomarkers) - If cancer cells make too much HER2 proteinwhat makes cancer grow - Gene expression profiling results that may indicate how your genes might affect cancer growth and response to treatment. Staging may occur before starting treatment, but the stage of breast cancer can also change throughout the treatment plan (for example, if the size of a tumor changes with radiation or chemotherapy, you may be at a different stage). Knowing the stage is important because it helps determine: - Treatment options - What are the chances that the treatment will be successful? - How serious is cancer? The rule is that the lower the stage number (0-4), the less cancer there will be in the body. Read: Don't Put Off Breast Cancer Screenings: It Could Save Your Life >> Of course, nothing is simple when it comes to cancer. In addition to stage numbers, there are also substage letters to help your healthcare providers get more precise details, such as whether there is cancer in the lymph nodes. Here you will find the basic information you need to know about the stages of breast cancer and common treatment options for each stage. A combination of treatments is often used. stage 0 breast cancer The cancer cells are non-invasive or pre-invasive and have not spread outside the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. Treatment Options for Stage 0 Breast Cancer stage 1 breast cancer The cancer is small and contained in the area where the cells first began to develop, or a very small amount of cancer is found in the sentinel lymph node (the first lymph node where breast cancer can spread). - Stage 1A breast cancer: The tumor is less than 2 centimeters and the lymph nodes are not affected - Stage 1B breast cancer: The cluster of cells measures less than 2 millimeters (the width of a grain of rice) with or without a tumor in the breast. Treatment Options for Stage 1 Breast Cancer - Breast conservation surgery (eg, lumpectomy or partial mastectomy) - Mastectomy - Radiation - Hormone therapy - Chemotherapy stage 2 breast cancer The tumors are larger compared to stage 1, but are still in the breast and/or nearby lymph nodes. - Stage 2A breast cancer: The tumor is less than 2 centimeters and has spread to 1 to 3 lymph nodes, or the tumor is 2 to 5 centimeters without spreading to lymph nodes. - Stage 2B breast cancer: The tumor is 2 to 5 centimeters and has spread to 1 to 3 lymph nodes or is larger than 5 centimeters and has not spread to lymph nodes. Possible treatments for stage 2 breast cancer - Breast conservation surgery (eg, lumpectomy or partial mastectomy) - Mastectomy - Radiation - Hormone therapy - Targeted drug therapy - HER2 Targeted Therapy - Immunotherapy Read: How to choose a bra after breast surgery >> stage 3 breast cancer The tumors are large and grow into surrounding tissues and/or have spread to lymph nodes but not other organs. - Stage 3A breast cancer: - The cancer has spread to 4 to 9 lymph nodes or has enlarged the internal mammary lymph nodes in the chest, or the tumor is larger than 5 centimeters and the cancer has spread to 1 to 3 lymph nodes or any lymph nodes in the breastbone . - Stage 3B breast cancer: - A tumor of any size has grown into the chest wall or skin and/or has spread to 9 lymph nodes. - Stage 3C breast cancer: - No tumor in the breast or tumor of any size in the breast. Cancer in 10 or more axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, internal breast nodes, or lymph nodes near the collarbone Treatment Options for Stage 3 Breast Cancer - Surgery (most often mastectomy) - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Targeted therapy - Hormone therapy There is a high chance that a combination of treatments will be used for stage 3 breast cancer. Stage 4 breast cancer (also called metastatic breast cancer) The cancer has spread outside the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other parts of the body, which may include the lungs, bones, and liver. - Tumors can be any size. - Stage 4 breast cancer is considered incurable and is treated as a chronic disease. See: Resources for patients with metastatic breast cancer >> Possible treatments for stage 4 breast cancer (metastatic breast cancer) - Chemotherapy - Targeted medications - Immunotherapy - Hormone therapy Radiation and surgery may also be an option depending on the diagnosis. From the articles on your site Related articles on the Web
The answer to this question is: it depends. The number of peaches in a mead will depend on the size of the mead, as well as the desired strength of the mead. Generally, for a one gallon batch (4 liters), you can use around 3 to 6 fresh peaches and for a 5 gallon batch (19 liters), you can use around 15 to 20 fresh peaches. If you are using peaches that have been frozen or canned, you can usually decrease the amount as they are more concentrated or concentrated juice can be added. If you're using dried peaches, expect to use less. Ultimately, the number of peaches you use is up to you and your desired flavor profile. What fruit is used in mead? Mead is an alcoholic beverage made from fermenting honey with water and often has added flavors from fruits or spices. While a variety of fruits can be used to make mead, some of the most common types are cherries, raspberries, blueberries, peaches, apples, cranberries, and blackberries. Some recipes call for juices to be used, while others call for the actual fruit. Lemons, oranges, and limes are other popular fruits used in mead, and they are often added to give the drink a tart flavor. Other fruits that can be used to make mead include plums, pomegranates, apricots, currants, raisins, pineapples, and black currants. Depending on the type of fruit and the desired flavor, different amounts of the fruit can be used in the mead, ranging from as little as just a few ounces of fruit to several pounds of fruit. Overall, there are a variety of fruits that can be used to make mead, but it is important for the mead-maker to consider the flavor and sweetness of the honey when adding the fruit so that the flavor of the mead is balanced. What is mead and how is it made? Mead is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting honey and water. Sometimes other ingredients are added as well, such as fruits, spices, or herbs. The specific gravity of mead can range from 1.070 to 1. 120, and the alcohol content typically ranges from 8% to 18% ABV. Mead has been around for thousands of years and has been mentioned in many ancient texts. The earliest recorded mead recipe dates back to ancient Greece. In ancient times, mead was often considered a sacred drink and was used in ceremonies and rituals. Mead can be made using different methods, but the most common method is to mix honey and water in a ratio of 1:4 (honey to water). The mixture is then heated until the honey dissolves and then cooled. Once the mixture is cooled, yeast is added and the mixture is left to ferment. Mead can be made either dry or sweet. Dry mead is made by using less honey, which results in a less sweet and more alcoholic beverage. Sweet mead is made by using more honey, which results in a sweeter and less alcoholic beverage. Is mead sweet or dry? Mead is a honey wine, and it can be made in a variety of styles. Generally, it is sweet, with some meads being quite sweet and others being less so. However, there are some dry meads available. The sweetness of the mead is primarily determined by the residual sugar content, which is typically determined at bottling. Sweet meads typically have a residual sugar content ranging from 1-3%, while dry meads typically have a residual sugar content of 0.5%. Sweetness also depends on the honey used in the mead, with wildflower and orange blossom honeys tending to produce sweeter meads than other varieties. Ultimately, it is up to the mead maker to determine the sweetness level of their mead – so be sure to check the bottle to see if the mead you are looking to buy is sweet or dry. Does mead get you drunk? Yes, mead can get you drunk, just like any other alcoholic beverage. Mead is an alcoholic drink made from fermenting honey and water, and sometimes fruits, spices, grains, or hops. It is thought to be one of the oldest alcoholic beverages, and has a long history of being associated with festive occasions and holidays. The alcohol content of mead can vary depending on the ingredients used and how long it has been aging, but generally it has an alcohol content of between 8–20%. Although it is largely dependent on the individual, as with any other alcoholic beverage, it's possible to become intoxicated with mead consumption. However, it is important to drink responsibly and never drink and drive. Is drinking mead healthy? Drinking mead can be part of a healthy lifestyle depending on the ingredients used in its production and how much is consumed. Meads can contain honey, herbs and fruits, which can provide some beneficial vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. However, meads also contain alcohol, even when they are flavoured with fruits and herbs. Alcohol is a potentially hazardous substance and can cause addiction, health problems and harm to unborn babies. Therefore, it is important to note that drinking mead in moderation is important for achieving a healthy lifestyle. The Australian Government guidelines for alcohol consumption recommend no more than two standard drinks per day for healthy adults and no alcohol for pregnant women. As such, drinking mead should be done in moderation for a healthy lifestyle. Does mead taste sweet? Yes, mead typically has a sweet taste. Mead is a fermented honey drink that dates back to ancient civilizations. It is made from fermenting honey and water, or sometimes fruit or spices may be added to the mix. Depending on the specific recipe and the sweetness of the honey used, mead can have a wide range of flavors, from dry and sharp to sweet and syrupy. Many modern meads are flavored with spices, woody herbs, or fruits, creating a range of sweeter flavors. At the same time, some meads can also have a light, dry taste similar to wine. These versions of mead are often fermented with champagne yeast, which imparts a mild grape-like flavor with a hint of sweetness to the drink. Overall, the large majority of meads are usually quite sweet, though the exact flavor and sweetness will depend on the ingredients and brewing process used. Is there such thing as dry mead? Yes, there is such a thing as "dry mead. " Dry mead is a type of mead made without any additional sugar apart from what is naturally produced by the fermentation process. It has a dry, slightly tart flavor, and ranges in alcohol content from 8-14%. Compared to sweeter meads, the taste of a dry mead can be more subtle and slightly acidic due to the nature of the fermentation process. The color of dry mead can also be lighter, ranging from a pale yellow to a light amber. There are a variety of styles and recipes for dry mead, depending on the variety of fruit and spices used as well as the type of yeast used in the fermentation process. Dry meads can also be crafted with honey blends and a variety of spices for added complexity and character. Is mead a dessert wine? No, mead is not a dessert wine. Mead is an alcoholic beverage traditionally made with honey and other ingredients such as spices, fruits, or grains, and then fermented. Depending on the ingredients used, mead can be dry, semi-sweet, or sweet. The sweetness also depends on how long it was fermented, with a longer fermentation period producing a drier beverage. While mead can be quite sweet, it is generally not categorized as a dessert wine due to the different production process and ingredients used. Dessert wines are produced by a process called late harvest and use grapes that were left to ripen beyond the typical harvest season. They typically have higher sugar and alcohol content than table wines and are meant to be served with dessert. Can you make mead with any fruit? Yes, you can make mead with any type of fruit. Mead is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting honey and water, so any type of fruit can be used to flavour it. Fruits such as apples, oranges, lemons, and berries are popular choices for making mead because of their sweet flavours. Most mead makers tend to start with fruits that have higher sugar content, such as apricots, raisins, or dates, as this helps to ensure a good balance and the proper fermentation. You can also experiment with your favourite fruits and spices to create your own unique mead. Can you put whole fruit in mead? Yes, you can put whole fruit in mead. All you need is fruit (fresh, frozen, or dried), and a recipe for mead. Generally, most brewers suggest using only one type of fruit at a time in mead, so you can really explore the flavors of that particular fruit. Additionally, you may want to add spices such as cinnamon or nutmeg, or herbs such as lavender or chamomile to compliment the flavor of the fruit. You can also use juice or other syrups to accentuate the flavor of the fruit and add a special touch to your mead. It is important to be aware of the acidity levels, alcohol levels, and pH levels of the fruit you are using, as these can have an effect on the resulting mead. If you are unsure about adding whole fruits to your mead, you can steep the fruit for a few days to reduce the acidity and alcohol levels, or you can use an extract instead of whole fruit. No matter what method you choose, whole-fruit meads can make a delicious and unique addition to your homebrewing adventures. How do I add fruit flavor to mead? Adding fruit flavor to mead is a simple process that is sure to take your brew to the next level. The first step is to choose the type of fruit your mead will get flavored with. Popular fruit choices are strawberries, peaches, blueberries and raspberries, but the choices are endless. Different fruits have different flavors, so it's best to try a few different options to find one that suits your tastes. Once you have chosen a fruit, there are several different ways to incorporate it into your mead. One option is to add pureed fruit directly to the mead, which will give it a strong, concentrated flavor. You can also make a mead must out of the fruit, which will give you a more delicate fruit flavor in your mead. Another option to incorporate fruit into your mead is to add fruit juice or juice concentrate. This will give your mead a milder flavor than adding the pureed fruit directly. Finally, you can add fruit flavorings, such as frozen fruit or fruit extracts. These are great options for adding subtle fruit flavors to your mead. No matter what method you choose, you should make sure to add the fruit flavoring in small batches, as too much can overpower the flavor of the mead. Start with a small amount of flavoring, then slowly increase the amount when rebrewing to get the desired flavor. With these tips in mind, adding fruit flavor to your mead should be a breeze and a great way to level up your homebrewing! How much fruit do I need for 1 gallon of mead? For 1 gallon of mead, you should expect to need 3 to 6 pounds of fruit. This will vary depending on the intensity of flavor you want and the types of fruit you are using. To achieve a dry mead, you should use closer to the 3 pounds of fruit. For a sweeter mead, use closer to the 6 pound range. Additional factors such as fermentation time and yeast strain also can affect the sweetness. For the best results, start with 3 pounds of fruit and adjust to taste with additional pounds as necessary. How long do you leave fruit in mead? The quick answer is that you can add fruit to mead at any stage of fermentation, but for the best flavor, you should add it during the secondary fermentation. Fruit, especially fresh fruit, will add a lot of flavor to your mead. The type of fruit you use will also affect the flavor of your mead. For example, using cranberries will give your mead a tart flavor, while using raspberries will give it a sweeter flavor. If you're using fresh fruit, you'll want to leave it in your mead for at least a few weeks so that the flavor has time to develop. If you're using dried fruit, you can add it to your mead at any stage of fermentation. The key to adding fruit to mead is to not add too much. You want to add enough to give your mead a nice flavor, but not so much that it overpowers the delicate flavor of the honey. Does mead expire? Mead, like any alcoholic drink, does have an expiration date. Generally, unopened mead will last for about five years before it begins to lose its flavor and quality. If you keep it in a cool area, like a cellar or refrigerator, that can extend its lifespan to 10 years or longer. Once opened, mead will last anywhere from two to four weeks in the refrigerator. To ensure it stays in top condition as long as possible, make sure to re-seal it with the original lid or cork and store it in a dark area. Ultimately, the best way to determine if mead has expired is by taste and smell. If it's discolored, tastes overly sweet, or has an off smell, it's likely past its prime. Additionally, any signs of fermentation or cloudiness could also indicate it's time to discard the bottle. How do you Backsweeten mead with fruit? Backsweetening mead with fruit is an easy and delicious way to add flavor and sweetness to the finished product. Depending on the type of fruit used, you may need to adjust the recipe a bit to ensure the sweetness and alcohol levels are balanced. Here are some tips on how to do so: 1. Be sure to select a ripe fruit, as overripe fruit can impart an odd flavor and be difficult to dissolve. 2. If you'd like to sweeten your mead without adding more alcohol, you can strain the juice from the fruit and use it as a sweetener. Otherwise, you can add the whole fruit, including the juice and pulp, and it will add alcohol. 3. If you're using a liquid sweetener, always add it after the mead has finished fermenting and is in its final vessel. 4. To get the desired sweetness, it's a good idea to measure the amount of fruit you add, and take gravity readings before and after you add it. 5. Avoid using juice or juice concentrate as it will add both sweetness and acidity, which could affect the overall flavor. 6. If you're adding frozen fruit, be sure to thaw it and de-juice it before adding it, as you don't want the frozen juice to disrupt fermentation. 7. Remember that fruits can have naturally occurring yeasts that may cause the mead to continue to ferment. To prevent this, add the fruit towards the end of the fermentation process and store it at a cooler temperature. By following these steps and examining the gravity readings before and after adding the fruit, you can easily backsweeten your mead to the desired sweetness and flavor. Do you need to sanitize fruit for mead? No, generally you do not need to sanitize fruit when using it to make mead. Since the yeast will generally be added to the must (the combination of water, honey, and fruit used in making mead) to start fermentation, the yeast will help to protect the must from any spoilage. If you are concerned, however, it's not a bad idea to rinse off the fruit, as some of it might have dust or dirt on it, which could create off-flavors in the mead. Either using a colander or rinsing the fruit under running water should be sufficient, as you primarily want to avoid any dirt, debris, or microorganisms that may have been in contact with the fruit.
The Main Objective for a Business Profit can be described as whatever is left from revenue after costs have been deducted. But is this the main target for every business? All business have objectives (goals which are set out by the people who lead or control the organisations), whether they are big or small and whether they are in the primary or public sector. The performance of a business could be judged on how effectively it achieves its objectives. It is often argued that the main Introduction I am writing this assignment on the module called "Business Organization" as I would be defining the aims and objectives of a business and describing the purpose for why a business organization needs to set aims and objectives in order to achieve their goal. While having written this report I have understood the importance of aims and objectives for a business to start up. As it is very interesting on how the organization uses a specific period of time to try to achieve their goals Business aims Every business has aims, these are long-term goals of a business. They are designed to provide a focus for staff and to help a business achieve its key purpose. The aims in the privately owned business usually are to provide goods and/or services to the best of the business ability and to make enough profit to survive. The aims of a public sector business usually are to provide essential and efficient services for the state. A business can have more than one aim but it is sensible purpose of attracting prospective job applicants, retaining valuable employees, motivating employees, ensuring legal requirements relating to direct and indirect rewards are not violated, assisting the company in achieving human resource and business objectives, and ultimately assisting the organisation in obtaining a competitive advantage. Various conflicts in the RM system can affect the benefits that can be obtained. It has been argued that performance management systems only provide superficial Goals and Objectives in Business One of the most important components of your business plan will be the section titled, "Goals and Objectives". Simply put, this section will be used to assist in your business planning and direction. This section can be revisited at any point in time throughout your business to ensure the business has met the outlined goals and objectives and is on "track". If your plans seem to have strayed from the original plan, you can then determine why the plans of Lloyds TSB - Employment The employees of a business are extremely important to their success. If a company's workforce is functioning efficiently then costs can be cut, customer complaints will be reduced or handled with better answers. If someone is enjoying his work, that they feel they are going somewhere within the company. Things such as incentives will improve the quality of the staffs' service. Quality is always needed, if a company gets well known for it's excellent quality then company can determine the goals and start to outline the steps that need to be taken to ensure that the goal will be met. Other planning activities that should be completed are determining the company's objectives and were they want to be in the future. This will help them to choose their business objectives and strategies. In addition, the company should look at the resources that they have available and determine if they are sufficient to achieve the organizations goals. This leads to organizing. Organizing web-store for Pine Valley Furniture is a matter of survival. This proposal is a guideline and a road map in making Pine Valley Furniture a competitive webstore. First off, we need to focus on what our business objectives are and who our target audience is. As a corporation, our business objectives are to increase revenues for the shareholders while expanding our growth and lowering our costs. Market research has indicated that the areas of Corporate Furniture, Home Office Furniture, and Student To begin with, I would like to emphasise the fact that operation management in the business industry is very important. Operation management is the management of the process that produce or deliver services or goods. It essential to say that the organisations transmit the input into output. Interestingly operation management has two aims, firstly the supply chain management which is the management of the interconnection of organisation that relate to each other through upstream and downstream linkages Describe and explain PEP's business objectives, using its mission statement and other information Evaluate and explain how successful PEP appear to be in meeting each of these objectives. A mission statement is a written statement setting out the general aims of a business. This is also known as a business objective. PEP is a business, which has been set up to produce good quality products and excellent customer service, as most businesses have aims and objectives. Examples below show some and objectives Their business is now focused very much on Sainsbury's Supermarkets and Sainsbury's Bank following the sale of Shaw's J Sainsbury's aims and objectives Their business is now focused very much on Sainsbury's Supermarkets and Sainsbury's Bank following the sale of Shaw's and JS Developments during the year. Three key priorities and six goals were developed in 1998. These are based on those environmental impacts that are considered the most significant for the business. No into consideration when ensuring the success of their business. How ever there are a variety of different aims and objectives in which Tesco have to pursue, therefore in the following paragraphs my primary objective to demonstrate how each of the 4 p's interfere with Tesco's aims and objectives. The aims in which I am going to study are: * Full global expansion as a business * Become a very profitable business * To make the business people value the most * Maintain market dominance * To overall long term objectives. Kenwood have two types of employees and these are line and staff employee. The line employee will be directly responsible for achieving the overall goals and generally be marketing and sales departments, whereas the staff employees will be the research and development and finance to which support the line employees. Functional areas of a business will all have their own objectives to meet that will relate back to the company's overall objectives. Below will explain investing in newly developed or developing tech companies, the article in itself -through the use of objective facts, detailed descriptions of the market, example situations, and even personal experience based on the author's own investment in a failed tech-company- provides the reader with enough information to understand the truths behind the market, accomplished in an almost completely objective fashion, and then calls for modern investors to place value in realistic goals and not the "the hyperinflationary The Importance of the Human Resource Function Human resource is the backbone of any business. It deals with the most important resource in the business – people. For any business to achieve its objectives they must plan their resources and one of their key resources is people. They need to get the right people and develop them well in order to meet the organisation's aims successfully. As an organisation grows and expands, the human resource department will know that the organisation needs however I see things, that is actually true -- for me. If you see things differently, then that is true -- for you. There is no separate or objective truth apart from how each individual happens to see things. Consequently, Protagoras says that there is no such thing as falsehood. Unfortunately, this would make Protagoras's own profession meaningless, since his business is to teach people how to persuade others of their own beliefs. It would be strange to tell others that what they believe is true but immersion in our own culture. An ethnocentric approach stems from judging an alternate culture in relation to one's own pre-conceived cultural values, held to be superior; the parallax phenomenon, the inability to escape our own biases, prevents objective analysis of different cultures. A cultural relativist maintains the post-modernist view that there is no moral or cultural high-ground with which to judge one culture in relation to another, thus each culture must be understood from its own perspective relationship and the balance of power in the world. One of her claims states that "the pretense that science is objective, apolitical and value-neutral is profoundly political because it obscures the political role that science and technology play in underwriting the existing distribution of power in society." In essence, she is saying that it is ridiculous to claim that science is an objective look at the world around us because science is constantly affected by society and the political establishment think when they hear that an idea is supported by science? Often, it makes people assume that this idea must be objectively true, and will necessarily be more right than a theory that doesn't have the backing of "science." While in many cases, objective science really does produce better results than mere conjecture, there have also been influential movements in history that were justified by "science," but which we see today as unjustifiable. These include biometrical methods like phrenology and intended to show viewers of the audience, who re-semble her, a mirror of themselves, so they can see how they look from the out-side. It is advantageous to do this through the medium of a film because it al-lows the viewer to see the point from a more objective view then may be pro-vided through other means. I think that this movie is one which will have a ex-tremely powerful effect on such people. It made me realize that this way of con-trolling others is not a natural part of life in general though it
This morning, the Illinois state legislature sent Governor Rauner a critical bill, which would take steps toward securing equal pay for Black employees. HB 4743 which would explicitly prohibit employers from engaging in wage discrimination against Black workers. This morning, the Illinois state legislature sent Governor Rauner a critical bill, which would take steps toward securing equal pay for Black employees. HB 4743 would explicitly prohibit employers from engaging in wage discrimination against Black workers. In order to get this bill signed into law, we need your help. In recent decades, race based wage disparities have persistently increased. The average Black worker in 1979 earned 80% of what his white counterpart was paid for equal work. In 2016, Black men were taking home only 70% of white male earnings. Similarly, in 1979 Black women were paid 95% of white women's wages. Today, Black female workers earn just 82% of white female earnings and 65% of white male earnings for equivalent work. Research demonstrates that such disparities cannot be attributed to differences in age, education, job type, or location, but are rather the direct result of pervasive anti-Black wage discrimination. HB 4743 would offer workers in Illinois explicit legal protection against race based wage exploitation. Please join WCRJ as we demand equal pay for Black workers. Call Governor Rauner at 217-782-0244 and demand his signature on HB 4743. Updated: Jul 27, 2019 At the end of the legislative session, the Illinois State House and Senate passed two dangerous bills, which would undermine the safety and liberation of Black community members across the state. This legislation represents the latest attempt by Mayor Emanuel to amass political leverage by promoting anti-Black "law-and-order" legislation. Released by the mayor's office as so-called "public safety" measures, these bills would fail in their proported attempt to promote the security and well-being of local residents. Rather, HB 1804 and SB 2562 would further escalate the racially targeted mass incarceration of Illinois children and enhance the ability of law enforcement to target and suppress racial justice advocates. With your help, we can stop these bills. HB 1804 would offer Iocal law enforcement overly expansive powers to apprehend and prosecute Illinois residents for non-criminal activities. This bill designates the mere act of possessing or being a passenger in a stolen vehicle as a Class 2 felony, punishable for up to 7 years in prison, even if the accused was unaware that the vehicle had been unlawfully seized. In such cases, HB 1804 would grant juvenile court judges broad authority to hold presumptively innocent child defendants in pretrial detention as they await their court date. The adverse implications of HB 1804 would disproportionately affect Black children, who are targeted by Illinois' juvenile justice system at a rate of six times that of white youths. SB 2562 would allow police officers to use drones equipped with facial recognition technology to spy on political activists at large scale public demonstrations. Increased surveillance capabilities of law enforcement would violate residents' civil liberties and intimidate marginalized activists from exercising their first amendment rights. SB 2562 would perpetuate the Chicago Police Department's long history of abusing surveillance authority as a means to suppress Black activists. We are calling upon you to join WCRJ in resisting these toxic bills. Contact Governor Rauner (217-782-0244) ASAP and demand that he veto HB 1804 and SB 2562. This afternoon, Illinois lawmakers took important steps towards improving economic opportunity for local families impacted by poverty. The state legislature passed SB 3115 which, if signed by the governor, would substantially increase family cash assistance benefits, commonly known as TANF. This afternoon, Illinois lawmakers took important steps towards improving economic opportunity for local families impacted by poverty. The state legislature passed SB 3115 which, if signed by the governor, would substantially increase family cash assistance benefits, commonly known as TANF. In order for this bill to become law, Illinois families need your help. Low income residents across Illinois are increasingly reliant upon public supportive services such as TANF in order to make ends meet. In recent decades, rising housing costs, stagnated wages and insufficient workplace benefits have upended the economic stability of hundreds of thousands of state residents. Illinois ranks among the top ten states with the highest levels of income disparity. One-third of all Illinoisans and nearly one in five children in the state live below the poverty line. Centuries of institutionalized racism, wealth extraction and economic exclusion have led to disproportionately high rates of inequality among Black families statewide. Nearly 40% of all Black children in Illinois experience poverty. SB 3115 would take steps to restore funding levels to Illinois' family cash assistance program, which has seen drastic cuts in recent years. Over the past two decades, TANF benefit amounts in Illinois have decreased by over 25%. By incrementally increasing TANF grant amounts over the next three years, SB 3115 would better address the financial needs of low income families statewide. Public family assistance is key to securing economic opportunity for Illinois families impacted by poverty. Research shows that children who received TANF assistance benefit from improved educational, economic and health outcomes in adulthood. In order to secure equity and justice for Illinois families living in poverty, write or call (217-782-0244) Governor Rauner to demand his signature on SB 3115.
Do you ever find yourself craving a delicious iced coffee? If so, you are not alone! Iced coffee has become a popular summertime favorite for many people. But what is it that makes iced coffee so good? In this article, we will uncover the secret behind this refreshing beverage. We will explore the different types of iced coffee, the benefits of drinking it, and the cold brewing process that enhances the flavor. We will also look at how milk and cream can be used to make iced coffee even more delicious, as well as some of the popular variations. Finally, we will share some helpful tips for making the perfect iced coffee at home. So grab your favorite mug and let's dive into the world of iced coffee! Table of Contents Short Answer Iced coffee is so good because it is a refreshing and tasty way to enjoy coffee. It's usually made with cold brew coffee, which has a smooth and mellow flavor, and it is often served with milk or cream and sweetened with your favorite syrup or sugar. Iced coffee is also a great way to cool down on a hot day, and it's usually a lot cheaper than buying hot coffee. What is Iced Coffee? Iced coffee is a refreshing and energizing beverage that is made by brewing coffee grounds in cold water and then chilling the mixture. It has become a popular summertime drink as it can be enjoyed cold and provide a refreshing pick-me-up. Compared to hot coffee, iced coffee has a sweeter and less acidic flavor profile due to the cold brewing process. When made with cold water, the natural oils and acids from the coffee grounds are released, resulting in a smoother and creamier texture. Many people enjoy adding a splash of cream or milk to their iced coffee to give it an even richer flavor. With its smooth and creamy texture, iced coffee is incredibly satisfying and the perfect way to beat the heat on a hot summer day. Benefits of Iced Coffee Iced Coffee is a great beverage to beat the summer heat. Its refreshing, flavorful, and energizing. In addition to being a great pick-me-up when it's hot outside, it also has a number of other benefits. One of the most notable benefits is the cold brewing process, which releases natural oils and acids from the coffee grounds. This results in a sweeter, less acidic taste that is incredibly satisfying. Another benefit of iced coffee is its creamy texture. Many people enjoy adding a splash of cream or milk to their iced coffee to give it an even richer, creamier texture. This is great for those who don't like the taste of black coffee or those who would like to enjoy a more indulgent beverage. Finally, iced coffee is incredibly versatile. You can enjoy it plain, with cream, or with a variety of flavorings. You can also mix it with other beverages such as tea, juices, and cocktails to create a unique and delicious drink. Additionally, you can make iced coffee at home with just a few simple ingredients, making it an easy and affordable way to enjoy your favorite beverage. All in all, iced coffee is an amazing summer beverage that has a variety of benefits. Its refreshing, flavorful, and energizing. Plus, its incredibly versatile, so you can enjoy it in a variety of ways. So the next time youre looking to beat the summer heat, try out some iced coffee and discover the secret behind its deliciousness. How Iced Coffee is Made Iced coffee is made in two different ways: cold brew and flash chill. Cold brew iced coffee is made by steeping coffee grounds in cold or room temperature water for an extended period of time, usually 8-24 hours. This method extracts the flavor and oils from the coffee grounds slowly and evenly, resulting in a smooth and creamy cup of coffee. Flash chill iced coffee is made by pouring freshly brewed hot coffee over ice. This method takes much less time and the hot coffee quickly cools down when poured over the ice. Both methods of making iced coffee result in a refreshing and flavorful beverage that is perfect for the summer months. When making iced coffee, it's important to use a high-quality coffee, as the flavor of the coffee grounds will be more intense. Additionally, many people choose to use a French Press or Chemex brewer for cold-brewing iced coffee, as these brewers are designed to extract flavor from the coffee grounds evenly. For flash-chilled iced coffee, it's important to use freshly-brewed coffee that has been brewed only moments before pouring it over the ice. This ensures that the flavor of the coffee is still present and is not diluted by the ice. No matter which method of making iced coffee you choose, the result will be a delicious and refreshing beverage perfect for the summertime. Iced coffee is a great way to get your caffeine fix and beat the heat at the same time! How the Cold Brewing Process Enhances Flavor When it comes to iced coffee, the cold brewing process is key to unlocking its delicious flavor profile. Cold brewing coffee involves steeping coffee grounds in cold water for at least 12 hours. This allows for a more intense flavor extraction, without any of the bitterness or acidity that hot brewing can sometimes bring. The result is a smoother, sweeter, and less acidic taste that many people prefer. The cold brewing process also preserves the natural oils and acids from the coffee grounds, which accentuate the flavor of the beans and add complexity to the taste. Because of the slower extraction process, cold brew has a higher caffeine content than hot brewed coffee, making it a great choice for those looking for an energizing pick-me-up. So if you're looking for a refreshing and flavorful beverage to enjoy during the summer months, iced coffee is the way to go. With its smooth and creamy texture, and intensely flavorful taste, it's no wonder iced coffee has become such a popular summer favorite. Enhancing Iced Coffee with Milk and Cream When it comes to iced coffee, many people like to add a splash of milk or cream to give it an even richer and creamier texture. Milk or cream also helps to mellow out the acidity of the coffee while adding a hint of sweetness. Additionally, adding milk or cream to your iced coffee can give it a more velvety feel and a frothy texture. The creamy additions can also help to add body and a more robust flavor to the drink. When choosing a type of milk for iced coffee, its best to opt for a variety that is low in fat and won't overpower the flavor of the coffee. Skim or 1% milk are the most popular choices, although some people may prefer to use almond or soy milk for a dairy-free alternative. If youre looking for a creamier texture, you can try using half-and-half, heavy cream, or even coconut milk for a tropical twist. When it comes to getting the perfect ratio of milk to coffee, its all about personal preference. Some people may prefer a more intense coffee flavor and opt for a smaller amount of milk, while others may prefer a creamier texture and opt for a greater amount of milk. Experiment with different ratios until you find the one that works best for you. Overall, adding a splash of milk or cream to iced coffee is a great way to enhance the flavor and texture of the beverage. Whether youre looking for a traditional cup of iced coffee or something a little more unique, adding a dairy product can take your iced coffee to the next level. Popular Iced Coffee Variations Iced coffee is a popular beverage in the summer months, and there are a variety of different iced coffee variations. One of the most popular is the classic iced latte made with espresso, milk, and ice. This frothy, sweet beverage is popular among coffee connoisseurs and is sure to provide a boost of energy during those hot summer days. For those looking for a lighter option, an iced cappuccino is a great choice. This beverage is made with espresso, steamed milk, and ice, and is a great way to enjoy the flavor of espresso without the intense caffeine kick. For a twist on the classic, try an iced mocha espresso and steamed milk are combined with chocolate syrup and ice for a sweet and indulgent treat. For a more health-conscious option, try a cold brew this is made by steeping coffee grounds in cold water for a longer period of time, resulting in a less acidic and smoother brew. Additionally, many people enjoy adding a splash of cream or milk to their iced coffee to give it an even richer, creamier texture. Whatever your preference, iced coffee is sure to provide a refreshing, flavorful, and energizing beverage to cool down with on a hot summer day. Summertime Iced Coffee Tips Iced coffee is a refreshing and energizing beverage that can make any summer day better. But in order to make the perfect iced coffee, there are a few tips and tricks that you should keep in mind. First, the key to a great iced coffee is to start with a high-quality, freshly ground coffee. Using pre-ground coffee can result in a bitter and acidic flavor, so its best to use freshly ground beans for the best flavor. Next, consider using the cold brew method as this will help to bring out the natural oils and acids from the coffee grounds. This results in a sweeter, less acidic flavor. Additionally, you can add a splash of cream or milk for an even richer, creamier taste. Lastly, you may want to experiment with different types of coffee beans to find the flavor that suits your taste buds. Some people prefer light and fruity notes while others may enjoy a bold and smoky flavor. No matter what type of coffee beans you use, make sure to steep the grounds in cold or room temperature water for at least 12 hours for the best flavor. Once the cold brew is ready, simply pour over ice and enjoy! Iced coffee is the perfect way to beat the heat and enjoy a pick-me-up during the summer months. Final Thoughts Iced Coffee is the perfect summertime drink. Its refreshing, flavorful, and energizing, and its smooth and creamy texture makes it incredibly satisfying. The cold brewing process allows for a more intense flavor profile, and adding a splash of milk or cream can make it even richer and creamier. With its many variations and endless possibilities to customize it to your own tastes, Iced Coffee is the perfect way to beat the heat and enjoy a tasty pick-me-up. So, go ahead and discover the secret that makes Iced Coffee so good!
How to Enroll In the Right Welding Certificate Program near Johnson Kansas Enrolling in the ideal welding technical school near Johnson KS is an essential first step to starting your new career as a professional welder. But since there are so many schools to select from, how do you know which ones to consider? And more importantly, once you have narrowed down your options, how do you pick the right one? Most prospective students start by checking out the schools that are closest to their homes. Once they have found those that are within driving distance, they gravitate toward the cheapest one. Yes, location and the cost of tuition are crucial issues when reviewing welding technical schools, but they are not the only ones. Other considerations include such things as accreditation, reputation and job placement rates. So before initiating your search for a trade school to become a welder, it's prudent to create a list of qualifications that your selected school must have. But before we examine our due diligence checklist, let's talk a little bit about how to become a welder. Welder Certificate and Degree Training Courses There are multiple options available to receive training as a welder in a trade or technical school. You can obtain a diploma, a certificate or an Associate Degree. Bachelor Degrees are available in Welding Engineering or Welding Technology, but are more advanced degrees than most journeyman welders will need. Some programs are also offered in conjunction with an apprenticeship program. Below are brief explanations of the most prevalent welding programs available in the Johnson KS. - Diploma and Certificate Programs are generally made available by technical and trade schools and take about one year to finish. They are more hands-on training in nature, designed primarily to teach welding skills. They can provide a good foundation for a new journeyman or apprentice welder, or specialized skills for experienced welders. - Associate Degree Programs will take 2 years to complete and are usually offered by community colleges. An Associate Degree in Welding Technology provides a more well-rounded education than the diploma or certificate while still supplying the foundation that prepares students to enter the workforce. Many municipalities and states do have licensing prerequisites for welders, therefore make sure to find out for your location of future employment. As needed, the welder school you pick should prepare you for any licensing exams that you will have to pass in addition to providing the proper training to become a professional welder. Welding Certification Choices There are several institutions that provide welder certifications, which evaluate the skill level and knowledge of those applying. Many Johnson KS employers not only expect a degree or certificate from an accredited welding program, but also certification from a respected agency such as the American Welding Society (AWS). Different certifications are available dependent on the type of work that the welder does. A few of the things that certification can attest to are the welder's ability to - Operate in compliance with specific codes - Work with specific metal thicknesses - Work with certain kinds of welds - Operate in compliance with contract specifications As formerly stated, many cities, states or local municipalities have licensing mandates for welders. Of those mandating licensing, a number additionally require certification for different kinds of work. Certification is also a means to prove to employers that you are an exceptionally skilled and knowledgeable welder. So similarly as with licensing, look into the requirements for your location and verify that the welding vocational school you decide on prepares you for certification as needed. Topics to Ask Welding Trade Schools After you have chosen the credential you want to attain, a degree, certificate or diploma, you can start to assess schools. As you probably know, there are a large number of welder trade and technical schools in the Johnson KS area. That's why it's necessary to determine in advance what qualifications your chosen school must have. We have already covered 2 important ones that most people look at first, which are location and the cost of tuition. As stated, although they are very important qualifiers, they are not the only ones that should be looked at. After all, the program you decide on is going to provide the instruction that will be the foundation of your new profession as a welder. So following are some additional factors you may need to consider before picking a welding trade school. Accreditation. It's essential that the welder vocational school you choose is accredited by either a national or a regional agency. There are two standard kinds of accreditation. The school may earn Institutional Accreditation based on all of their programs. Programmatic Accreditation is based on an individual program the school has, for instance Welding Technology. So verify that the program you select is accredited, not just the school itself. Additionally, the accreditation should be by a U.S. Department of Education acknowledged accrediting agency, for example the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology (ACCSCT). In addition to helping ensure that you get a quality education, the accreditation can also assist in obtaining financial aid or student loans, which are often not available in Johnson KS for schools that are not accredited. Finally, for those states or municipalities that require licensing, they may require that the welder training program be accredited as well. Job Placement and Apprenticeship Programs. Many welder diploma or degree programs are provided combined with an apprenticeship program. Some other schools will assist in placing you in a job or an apprenticeship after graduation. Ask if the schools you are looking at help in placing students in apprenticeships or have a job placement program. The schools must have associations with local unions and various metal working businesses to which they can place their students. Older schools may have a more substantial network of graduates that they can utilize for placements. These programs can assist students in finding employment and establish relationships within the Johnson KS welding community. Completion and Job Placement Rates. The completion rate is the percentage of students that start an academic program and finish it. It's essential that the welder program you pick has a high completion rate. A reduced rate could mean that the students who joined the program were dissatisfied with the instruction, the teachers, or the facilities, and quit. The job placement rate is also a good indicator of the quality of training. A higher job placement rate will not only verify that the program has an excellent reputation within the industry, but additionally that it has the network of Johnson KS employer relationships to help students obtain apprenticeships or employment upon graduation. Up-to-date Facilities and Equipment. Once you have narrowed down your choice of welder schools to two or three options, you should think out visiting the campuses to evaluate their facilities. Confirm that both the equipment and the facilities that you will be instructed on are up-to-date. Specifically, the training equipment should be similar to what you will be using in the field. If you are uncertain what to look for, and are already in an apprenticeship program, ask the master welder you are working under for guidance. Otherwise, ask a local Johnson KS welding professional if they can give you a few suggestions. School Location. Although we previously briefly discussed the significance of location, there are a couple of additional points that we should address. You should bear in mind that unless you can relocate, the welder school you pick needs to be within commuting distance of your Johnson KS home. If you do choose to enroll in an out-of-state school, apart from moving costs there could be higher tuition fees for out-of-state residents. This is particularly true for welder degree programs offered by community colleges. Also, if the school offers an apprenticeship or job placement program, often their placements are within the school's local community. So the location of the school needs to be in a region or state where you subsequently will desire to work. Small Classes. Personalized instruction is important for a manual trade such as welding. It's possible to get overlooked in bigger classes and not receive much personalized instruction. Find out what the typical class size is for the welder programs you are looking at. Inquire if you can attend some classes so that you can observe how much individual attention the students are getting. While there, speak with a few of the students and get their feedback. Also, chat with a couple of the instructors and find out what their welding experience has been and what credentials and certifications they have earned. Flexible Class Scheduling. Some people learn a new trade while still working at their current job. Confirm that the class schedules for the schools you are looking at are flexible enough to satisfy your needs. If you can only attend classes at night or on weekends near Johnson KS, verify that the schools you are looking at offer those options. If you can only attend part-time, confirm that the school you pick offers part-time enrollment. Also, ask what the protocol is to make up classes if you you miss any because of illness, work or family circumstances. Online Welder Courses Welding is very much a hands-on type of profession, and consequently not extremely suitable for online training. Having said that, there are some online welding programs offered by certain community colleges and vocational schools in the greater Johnson KS area that can be credited toward a degree or certificate program. These courses mainly cover such subjects as reading blueprints, safety,, and metallurgy. They can help give a novice a basis to begin their training and education. However, the most important point is that you can't learn how to weld or handle welding materials unless you actually do it. Obviously that can't be accomplished online. These skills must be learned in an on-campus environment or in an apprenticeship. Online or distance learning is better suited for experienced welders that desire to advance their knowledge or perhaps earn a more advanced degree. So if you should discover an online welding degree or certificate program, be very cautious and make certain that the majority of the training is done on campus or in a workshop type of environment. Attending a Welding School in Johnson KS? If you have decided to enroll in a welder training program in the Johnson Kansas area, you may find the following information both informative and helpful about the location of your new school campus. Johnson County, Kansas Johnson County (county code JO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Largely suburban, its proximity to Kansas City, Missouri has led to population growth within the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 544,179,[1] making it the most populous county in Kansas. Its county seat is Olathe,[2] and its most populous city is Overland Park. In the mid-19th century, this was part of the Shawnee Reservation after their removal from east of the Mississippi River. The people were later forced to move to Indian Territory in present-day Ottawa County, Oklahoma. This was part of the large territory of the Osage people, who occupied lands up to present-day Saint Louis, Missouri. After Indian Removal, the United States government reserved much of this area as Indian territory for a reservation for the Shawnee people, who were relocated from east of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwest. Select the Best Welding Technical Program Johnson KS Selecting the right welder training program will probably be the most critical decision you will make to begin your new trade. You originally stopped by our website because you had an interest in Welding Lessons. However, as we have covered in this article, there are many factors that you will need to examine and compare between the schools you are looking at. It's a necessity that any welder training that you are examining includes a good deal of hands-on training. Classes should be small in size and each student must have their own welding machine to train with. Classroom teaching should provide a real-world frame of reference, and the training program should be up-to-date and in-line with industry standards. Training programs vary in duration and the kind of credential provided, so you will have to ascertain what length of program and degree or certificate will best fulfill your needs. Every training program offers different possibilities for certification also. Probably the best means to research your final list of schools is to visit each campus and speak with the teachers and students. Invest some time to monitor some classes. Tour the campus and facilities. Make certain that you are confident that the training program you decide on is the best one for you. With the right training, effort and dedication, the end outcome will be a new trade as a professional welder in Johnson KS.
Taormina in december: average Weather, Temperature and Climate Weather in Taormina in december 2024 The weather in Taormina in the month of december comes from statistical datas on the last years. You can view the weather statistics for the whole month, but also by using the tabs for the beginning, the middle and the end of the month. Average weather throughout december tolerable weather 0.3cm Weather at 6am 64% of time Weather at 12pm 59% of time Weather at 6pm 60% of time Weather at 3am Evolution of daily average temperature and precipitation in Taormina in december These charts show the evolution of average minimum/maximum temperatures as well as average daily precipitation volume in Taormina in december. The climate of Taormina in december is tolerable The climate in december in Taormina is rather dry (with 2.8in of rainfall over 4 days). It should be noted a worsening from the previous month since in november there is an average of 4.4in of precipitation over 5 days. The climate is fairly fresh in this location december, but it is liveable when dressing warm. The thermometer averaged maximum of 59°F. The minimum is 52°F. Thus, the mean temperature average on this month of december in Taormina is 56°F. Note that seasonal normals in contrast with those observed in Taormina in december with a maximum record of 70°F in 2010 and a minimum record of 34°F in 2014. You can expect to have about 2 days with temperatures above 65°F, or 6% of the month. Day length in Taormina in december is 09:33. Sunrise is at 07:08 and sunset is at 16:41. With a correct climate, the month of december is okay (but not the best) to go in that area. Taormina: another month? If you can push the dates of your trip to Taormina forward, the month of january has a better weather forecast than december. more information December: another location in Sicily? If you want to go to Sicily in december, there are destinations with better weather than Taormina: In december, Catane, Marsala, Syracuse, Trapani, Egadi Islands and Erice have good weather. Seasonal average climate and temperature of Taormina in december Check below seasonal norms These statistics are compiled from the weather statements of the last years of december. December \| \|\|\|\|\| Outside temperature \| \|\|\|\|\| Average temperature \| 56°F \| \|\|\|\| Highest temperature \| 59°F \| \|\|\|\| Lowest temperature \| 52°F \| \|\|\|\| Highest record temperature \| 70°F (2010) \| \|\|\|\| Lowest record temperature \| 34°F (2014) \| \|\|\|\| Number of days at +65°F \| 2 day(s) (6%) \| \|\|\|\| Sea temperature \| \|\|\|\|\| Average sea temperature \| 64°F \| \|\|\|\| Lowest sea temperature \| 60°F \| \|\|\|\| Highest sea temperature \| 67°F \| \|\|\|\| Wind \| \|\|\|\|\| Wind speed \| 18km/h \| \|\|\|\| Wind temperature \| 49°F \| \|\|\|\| Precipitation (rainfall) \| \|\|\|\|\| Rainfall \| 2.8in \| \|\|\|\| Number of days with rainfall \| 4 day(s) (13%) \| \|\|\|\| Record daily rainfall \| 2.8in (2013) \| \|\|\|\| Snowfall \| 0.3cm \| \|\|\|\| Other climate data \| \|\|\|\|\| Humidity \| 80% \| \|\|\|\| Visibility \| 9.7km \| \|\|\|\| Cloud cover \| 23% \| \|\|\|\| UV index \| 4 \| \|\|\|\| Daily sunshine hours \| 9 \| \|\|\|\| Sunrise and sunset \| \|\|\|\|\| Time of sunrise \| 07:08 \| \|\|\|\| Time of sunset \| 16:41 \| \|\|\|\| Length of day \| 09:33 \| \|\|\|\| Our opinion about the weather in december \| \|\|\|\|\| Our opinion at whereandwhen.net \| tolerable \| How was the weather last december? Here is the day by day recorded weather in Taormina in december 2023: 61°F to 72°F 63°F to 70°F 56°F to 61°F 50°F to 59°F 52°F to 58°F 52°F to 58°F 50°F to 58°F 49°F to 58°F 54°F to 56°F 50°F to 59°F 52°F to 61°F 56°F to 65°F 61°F to 72°F 58°F to 63°F 50°F to 58°F 50°F to 56°F 47°F to 58°F 47°F to 58°F 47°F to 58°F 50°F to 58°F 49°F to 58°F 49°F to 61°F 52°F to 61°F 54°F to 61°F 52°F to 61°F 50°F to 61°F 50°F to 59°F 52°F to 59°F 50°F to 59°F 50°F to 58°F 54°F to 61°F Map: other cities in Sicily in december Cities near Taormina: Etna in december \| tolerable weather \| Catane in december \| good weather \| Messina in december \| tolerable weather \| Capo d'Orlando in december \| tolerable weather \| Augusta in december \| good weather \| Cerami in december \| tolerable weather \| Lipari (Aeolian Islands) in december \| tolerable weather \| Syracuse in december \| good weather \| Enna in december \| tolerable weather \| Caltagirone in december \| tolerable weather \| Riserva Naturale Cavagrande del Cassibile in december \| good weather \| Stromboli in december \| tolerable weather \| Click over cities on the map for information about the weather in december. Weather data for Taormina in december: Weather data for Taormina for december are derived from an average of the weather forecast since 2009 in Taormina. There is a margin of error and these forecasts are to be considered as general information only. The weather in Taormina can vary slightly from year to year, but this data should limit surprises. So you can pack your bags or check for the best time in year to go to Taormina.
Studying abroad can be a life-changing experience for college students. It not only enhances their resume but also broadens their perspective and allows them to see the world through a new lens. With numerous university study abroad programs available, it's important to find the best ones. This article highlights some of the most desirable study abroad programs based on criteria such as program size, duration, faculty involvement, and unique experiences for students. Key Takeaways: - Studying abroad enhances students' resumes and broadens their perspectives. - Choosing the right study abroad program is crucial. - Criteria like program size, duration, faculty involvement, and unique experiences are important considerations. - Top study abroad programs offer valuable career skills and personal growth opportunities. - Exploring different cultures and destinations can develop a passion for travel. University of Evansville Study Abroad Program The University of Evansville offers an exciting study abroad program at Harlaxton College, a Victorian manor house in the English countryside. This program provides an interdisciplinary introduction to British life and culture, including courses in literature, art history, economics, history, and political science. With a limited number of students accepted, the program ensures an intimate and personal experience for participants. Program Highlights: - Location: Harlaxton College, a Victorian manor house in the English countryside - Courses: Interdisciplinary courses in literature, art history, economics, history, and political science - Intimate Experience: Limited number of students accepted for a personalized and immersive experience "Studying at Harlaxton College was a transformative experience. The intimate class sizes and beautiful location allowed me to fully immerse myself in British culture while expanding my knowledge in various academic disciplines." – Sarah Johnson, Former Participant If you're looking for a study abroad program that offers a combination of academic excellence and cultural immersion, the University of Evansville's program at Harlaxton College is an ideal choice. The stunning location, small class sizes, and unique interdisciplinary courses create a rich and immersive educational experience. Whether you're interested in literature, art history, economics, history, or political science, this program has something to offer. Guilford College Study Abroad Program Guilford College offers the Brunnenburg Semester, a unique study abroad program located in a medieval castle in the Italian Alps. This program provides students with an unparalleled opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich culture and history of the region while combining their studies with practical work experience. In the Brunnenburg Semester, students have the chance to live in the castle "croft," experiencing the medieval charm of their surroundings firsthand. The castle serves as a picturesque backdrop for academic pursuits and offers a truly unique living environment. One of the highlights of the program is the opportunity to explore the surrounding region and major European cities through regular excursions. Students can visit nearby towns and villages, experience local traditions, and gain a deeper understanding of European history and culture. The combination of academic study and hands-on work experience sets the Brunnenburg Semester apart from other study abroad programs. Students have the opportunity to collaborate with local artisans and experts, gaining valuable skills and insight into various fields of study. Immersing oneself in the local culture and history is a transformative experience. The Brunnenburg Semester at Guilford College allows students to do just that, while also gaining a unique perspective on their academic studies. With a supportive and experienced faculty, Guilford College provides students with the guidance and mentorship needed for a successful study abroad experience. Faculty members share their expertise and facilitate meaningful interactions between students and the local community. Overall, the Guilford College Study Abroad Program offers an unforgettable adventure for students interested in combining their passion for learning with an immersive cultural experience. The Brunnenburg Semester allows students to enrich their education and grow both personally and academically. In summary, the Guilford College Study Abroad Program takes students on a journey to the medieval castle of Brunnenburg in the Italian Alps. Through a combination of academic study, practical work experience, and cultural exploration, students have the opportunity to broaden their horizons and make lifelong memories. Continue reading to discover another exceptional study abroad program at Emerson College. Emerson College Study Abroad Program Situated in the picturesque town of Well, The Netherlands, the Emerson College Study Abroad Program offers students an extraordinary opportunity to immerse themselves in European studies while residing in a stunning 14th-century medieval castle. This highly competitive program provides a unique blend of academic rigor and cultural exploration, allowing students to expand their understanding of Europe's rich history and diverse heritage. During their time abroad, students at Emerson College have the chance to delve into a wide range of courses that focus on European culture, arts, and society. From art history to literature, students are encouraged to pursue their academic passions while gaining valuable insight into Europe's cultural tapestry. What sets the Emerson College Study Abroad Program apart is the emphasis on experiential learning and weekend excursions that enable students to explore Europe beyond the confines of the classroom. Each weekend, students have the freedom to embark on three-day adventures, visiting iconic landmarks, engaging with local communities, and immersing themselves in the vibrant culture of different European cities. The program's selective nature ensures that students are part of a diverse and motivated cohort, enhancing the overall study abroad experience. To maximize inclusivity, participants are chosen through a lottery system, allowing everyone an equal opportunity to engage with the program and embark on an unforgettable European adventure. Key Features of the Emerson College Study Abroad Program: - Location: Well, The Netherlands - Duration: Semester-long program - Accommodation: 14th-century medieval castle - Academic Focus: European studies - Weekend Excursions: Three-day trips to European cities - Selection Process: Random lottery system Program Highlights \| Benefits for Students \| In-depth exploration of European culture and history \| Enhanced cultural competency \| Engagement with renowned faculty and guest speakers \| Expanded academic horizons \| Networking opportunities with international students \| Global perspective and connections \| Hands-on learning through experiential activities \| Practical skills development \| Goshen College Study Abroad Program Goshen College's Study-Service Team (SST) program offers students a unique study abroad experience focused on service and cultural immersion. This program, which has been a part of Goshen College since 1968, provides students with the opportunity to spend 13 weeks living with local families in a host country, allowing them to deeply understand and appreciate the culture and language of the destination. During the first half of the semester, students participate in language and cultural orientation classes, preparing them for their immersive experience. They learn about the local customs, traditions, and history, gaining valuable insights into the host country's way of life. One of the distinctive aspects of Goshen College's SST program is the emphasis on service. In the second half of the semester, students actively engage in a volunteer service project dedicated to helping the local community. Whether it's assisting in education, healthcare, sustainable development, or social justice initiatives, students make a meaningful impact while experiencing personal growth. The immersive nature of the program allows students to develop strong relationships with their host families and local communities. They become part of the fabric of daily life, gaining a deeper understanding and appreciation for the challenges and joys of everyday living in a different culture. Goshen College's SST program provides students with a well-rounded study abroad experience that combines cultural immersion, language learning, and impactful service. It prepares students to become global citizens who are sensitive to diverse perspectives and equipped to navigate intercultural environments. The program's long-standing history and commitment to service make it a popular choice among students seeking a transformative study abroad experience. Benefits of Goshen College Study Abroad Program: - Immersion in the culture and language of the host country - Opportunity to live with local families and gain a deeper understanding of local customs - Engagement in volunteer service projects that make a positive impact on the community - Development of cross-cultural communication skills and global perspectives - Transformational personal growth and increased independence "The SST program at Goshen College provided me with an unparalleled opportunity to immerse myself in a new culture and make a difference in the world. Living with a local family and working on a service project allowed me to see the world from a new perspective and grow as a person." – Sarah Adams, Goshen College alumni Franciscan University of Steubenville Study Abroad Program The Franciscan University of Steubenville offers an exceptional study abroad program that takes students on a transformative journey to a 14th-century Carthusian monastery nestled in the scenic Austrian landscape. This program provides a unique opportunity for students to immerse themselves in a rich cultural and historical setting while pursuing their academic goals. At the Franciscan University of Steubenville's study abroad program, students not only live in the monastery but also have the chance to participate in daily monastic life, experiencing a different way of living and learning. This spiritual and intellectual environment fosters personal growth and allows students to connect with their studies on a deeper level. Program Highlights: \| Program Benefits: \| One of the unique aspects of the Franciscan University of Steubenville's study abroad program is the flexibility it offers. Students have the opportunity to design their own study abroad experience, tailoring their courses and activities to align with their academic and personal goals. Whether studying theology, philosophy, language, or history, every student can create a program that suits their individual needs. A key component of the program is the weekly travel opportunities that allow students to explore different parts of Europe. From visiting historical landmarks to experiencing vibrant cultures, these excursions enhance the educational experience and provide a well-rounded understanding of the world. The Franciscan University of Steubenville's study abroad program offers students a unique blend of academic rigor, cultural immersion, and personal growth. Living in a centuries-old monastery, students are not only immersed in the beauty of their surroundings but also given the freedom to explore their own intellectual and spiritual journeys. It's a transformative experience that shapes the minds and hearts of those who participate. Embarking on the Franciscan University of Steubenville's study abroad program opens doors to new experiences, perspectives, and friendships that last a lifetime. This program provides students with unparalleled opportunities for academic and personal development, preparing them for a globalized world and enriching their future careers. Millsaps College Study Abroad Program Millsaps College offers an exciting and unique study abroad opportunity in the beautiful Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. With a focus on experiential learning and academic excellence, the study abroad program at Millsaps College provides students with the chance to explore a wide range of subjects, including archaeology, business, ecology, history, and literature. One of the highlights of the program is the college's 4,500-acre Biocultural Reserve, which serves as a research and learning center. This reserve offers a one-of-a-kind environment for students to conduct research, participate in hands-on learning experiences, and take classes surrounded by the rich biodiversity and cultural heritage of the Yucatan peninsula. In addition to academic pursuits, students have the opportunity to engage with local communities, immerse themselves in the vibrant Mexican culture, and explore historical sites such as the famous Mayan ruins. The Millsaps College Study Abroad Program in the Yucatan peninsula provides students with a truly transformative experience that combines academic rigor with cultural immersion. It allows them to broaden their horizons, gain a deeper understanding of different cultures, and develop valuable skills that will benefit them both personally and professionally. Exploring the Yucatan peninsula through the Millsaps College Study Abroad Program was truly a life-changing experience. The combination of academic study, cultural immersion, and the opportunity to conduct research in the Biocultural Reserve was invaluable. I gained a new perspective on the world and developed a deep appreciation for the rich history and natural beauty of Mexico. It was an experience that I will cherish forever. Wake Forest University Study Abroad Program Immerse yourself in the beauty and culture of Venice, Italy, with Wake Forest University's study abroad program. As part of this program, students have the unique opportunity to live at Casa Artom, a historic site nestled along the bustling Grand Canal. During their time in Venice, students can choose from a variety of courses that delve into art, history, literature, and the Italian language. These courses provide a deeper understanding of Italian culture and offer a well-rounded educational experience. But it's not just about the classroom; this study abroad program also allows students to participate in exciting cultural events such as the Venice Film Festival and Carnevale. From witnessing the magic of world-renowned films to experiencing the vibrant colors and masks of Carnevale, students have the chance to fully immerse themselves in the rich traditions and festivities of this enchanting city. Also Read : 10 Best Universities In The World For Scholarships Here's a glimpse of what students can expect during their time in Venice: - Living at Casa Artom, a historic site along the Grand Canal - Taking courses in art, history, literature, and Italian language - Attending events like the Venice Film Festival and Carnevale Wake Forest University's study abroad program in Venice offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to explore a vibrant city, deepen your knowledge of Italian culture, and create lasting memories. Studying abroad offers college students a transformative experience that can shape their personal and professional lives in profound ways. By immersing themselves in new cultures, students gain a deeper appreciation for diversity and develop a global perspective. This exposure to different traditions, languages, and customs broadens their horizons and fosters a sense of empathy and understanding. Furthermore, study abroad programs provide students with the opportunity to discover unexpected career paths. They can explore unique academic disciplines, acquire specialized skills, and gain a competitive edge in today's global job market. Employers highly value the international and intercultural competencies that students develop during their study abroad experiences, making them more marketable and adaptable in an increasingly interconnected world. Another significant benefit of studying abroad is the personal growth that students experience. It pushes them out of their comfort zones and challenges them to become more independent, self-reliant, and resilient. Living in a foreign country fosters self-discovery, enhances problem-solving skills, and boosts confidence. Students learn to navigate unfamiliar environments, overcome cultural barriers, and adapt to new situations, all of which contribute to their personal development. Overall, study abroad programs offer an array of benefits for college students. From expanding cultural awareness to expanding career opportunities and personal growth, the value of studying abroad cannot be overstated. The memories, friendships, and skills gained during these experiences stay with students for a lifetime, shaping their outlook on the world and preparing them for success in an ever-changing global society. Q: What are the benefits of participating in a top university study abroad program? A: Participating in a top university study abroad program allows students to gain international experience, explore new cultures, and expand their worldviews. Q: How can I apply for a study abroad program in Spain? A: To apply for a study abroad program in Spain, you usually need to meet specific requirements set by the program provider and complete the application process on their website. Q: Are there summer study abroad programs available for international students? A: Yes, many universities offer summer study abroad programs specifically designed for international students looking to enhance their academic experience during the summer break. Q: What kind of financial support is available for study abroad programs? A: Students may be eligible for scholarships, travel grants, or other financial aid options to help cover the cost of participating in a study abroad program. Q: Can I receive academic credit for participating in a study abroad program in Rome? A: Yes, students enrolled in study abroad programs in Rome can often earn academic credit that may be transferable to their home universities. Q: What is direct enrollment in a study abroad program and how does it work? A: Direct enrollment allows students to enroll directly at a foreign university or academic institution without the need for a third-party provider, giving them a more immersive and authentic experience. Q: How can I find more information about study abroad programs in England? A: You can contact your academic advisor or the international programs office at your university for more information on study abroad programs in England. Q: Can I study a foreign language during a study abroad program in Barcelona? A: Many study abroad programs offer foreign language courses as part of their curriculum, allowing students to build language skills while experiencing a new culture. Q: Is it possible to receive travel grants for study abroad programs in Asia? A: Some universities and organizations offer travel grants to help students cover the cost of traveling to and from their study abroad destinations in Asia.
Troldhaugen, the home of Edvard and Nina Grieg, was referred to by Grieg himself as his best opus so far, and can indeed be a revealing study of his ideas and personality. In 1985, a hundred years after Grieg moved into Troldhaugen, the chamber music hall Troldsalen opened. While enjoying the excellent acoustics of this concert hall, audiences can appreciate a view through the glass wall behind the performers, overlooking Grieg's composing hut and the lake beyond. Today, Troldhaugen consists of the villa, the composer's hut, and the burial ground, as well as a modern museum building and the Troldsalen concert hall. In the villa, which was finished in 1885, you can experience Grieg's own Steinway grand piano from 1892. The grand piano is in equally good shape today as it was more than a hundred years ago, and it is frequently used for concerts. Lately, the piano has also been used for recording sessions. The composer's hut, which was built in 1891, was a direct result of Grieg's need for total silence when he was composing, something he found hard to achieve in the villa. Many of Grieg's most famous works were composed in the hut. The Troldsalen concert hall, which has an audience capacity of 200, is situated right next to the villa, and is specially constructed for chamber music. Supported by Vestland County Council
Reasons For Genetic Counselling In India, congenital anomalies and genetic disorders have become one of the major causes of infant morbidity and mortality. It has been observed that several factors like high birth rate, consanguinity, allelic selection, etc contribute to disease manifestation s which occurs due to genetic reasons. About 11 % of infants born every year have a genetic problem and about 3-4 % have a congenital abnormality. Moreover, certain regions in India due to allelic selection are prone to community-based genetic diseases like Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia, muscular and neurological disorder, etc. To detect, diagnose, and manage genetic disorders it is of utmost importance to understand the genetic background or the mutation/ mutations harbored by the individuals The emergence of several genetic tests has had a tremendous effect on clinical diagnosis. Diseases, which were difficult to diagnose earlier, are now aided by genetic screening tests. These tests are new and not very well known among clinicians. More importantly, the implications of the results must be explained to the patient and relatives professionally, since most of the time, the results have a tremendous emotional impact on families. The education and counseling accompanying genetic testing are provided by genetic counselors in all developed countries, as this is essential for the decision-making process regarding testing and dealing with test outcomes. Worldwide, the prevalence of couples who remain involuntarily childless over twelve months ranges from 3,5% to 16,7% with a median of 9%. According to the available literature, the reasons for involuntary childlessness in patients seeking assisted reproductive technology can be attributed to male infertility in 11%, to female infertility in 24%, and both partners in 40%. However, in 25% of cases, the reason for infertility remains unidentified. Goals Of Genetic Counselling in Fertility Treatment The goals of genetic counseling in fertility treatment are: - To assess the risk of genetic disorders in prospective parents and their offspring, based on family and medical histories. - To educate individuals and couples about the options for genetic testing and screening during fertility treatment, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and carrier screening. - To provide support and guidance to individuals and couples as they navigate the complex decision-making process around genetic testing and screening during fertility treatment. - To assist individuals and couples in understanding the results of genetic testing and screening, and the implications for their fertility treatment and future family planning. - To promote informed decision-making and help individuals and couples make decisions that are in line with their values, beliefs, and goals for their family and future. To ensure access to comprehensive genetic services and resources for individuals and couples undergoing fertility treatment.
Gjáin Valley in Þjórsárdalur Gjáin is a small but incredibly picturesque canyon in the Þjórsárdalur Valley in South Iceland. It is renowned for its natural beauty, featuring a series of small waterfalls, lush greenery, and stunning rock formations. The name "Gjáin" translates to "chasm" or "rift" in English, which accurately describes its presence in the rugged volcanic surroundings. Today, a small stream called Rauðá – the "Red River" – flows through it, cascading down the idyllic waterfall "Gjáfoss," lined by beautiful basalt columns. Geologists believe that the nearby and much larger glacial river Þjórsá may have flowed partly through this canyon at some point. The predominant rock in the Gjáin fissure is "móberg," a palagonite rock typically formed when new volcanic ash accumulates around a volcano and is heavily compressed. Most likely, a large stream of lava from the early "Tungnarárhraun" lava flow came down the valley in prehistorical times, filling the narrow canyon or fissure with hot lava. Then the lava flow belched forward so rapidly due to the steepness of the area that little of the lava actually solidified there in the constriction, instead merely lining the bottom and walls of the old canyon with a thin layer of lava and leaving behind "swollen" lava ridges at the edges where it overflowed. For many centuries, Gjáin was used as an overnight stop during the annual sheep gathering in autumn. Locals can still point out the places where the farmers slept and kept their horses. Today, this beautiful little valley is a popular picnic spot and hiking area for locals and tourists alike How to get there: From Selfoss, drive along Road 1 towards Hella, then turn onto #30 towards Flúðir, and finally onto #32 towards Landmannalaugar. Shortly after passing signs for Hjálparfoss waterfall, turn left onto a rocky road that will take you to Gjáin valley and Stöng, a historic farm and excavation site. From there, it's only a short hike – easy for almost everybody! We recommend using a 4x4 car. Location: N64° 8' 59.068" W19° 45' 24.490" If you would like to visit Gjáin, Stöng and Hjálparfoss waterfall, contact us and our professional travel designers will be happy to find the right tour for you, be it on our Hike & Relax hiking tours, a self-drive or a guided private tour with one of our amazing guides! Text: Meike Erika Witt Pétursdóttir Photos: Steinunn Guðbjörnsdóttir & Einar Bjarnason Leave a Reply. \| AuthorExploring Iceland blog has several authors. Categories
SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- A polarized electorate and the possibility of a contested election are raising concerns that they will be a drag on an economic recovery after COVID-19. Stanford researchers say they've studied patterns globally. The economy is part of our focus on Building A Better Bay Area. Telltale signs of a troubled economy are everywhere. Retail stores have closed. Restaurants have either closed or are limping along. People are moving because they can remote work from almost anywhere where it's cheaper to live. RELATED: Coronavirus Pandemic: Uncertainty over kickstarting the economy after COVID-19 The pandemic is the number one reason for uncertainty. Business leaders tell researchers so is politics. "Number two is the election," said Stanford economist Dr. Nicholas Bloom. "And you know, anyone that watched the presidential debate and sees how opposite the candidates are in substance and in style, you can see how this really matters." Economic recovery could well be slowed by three to six months because of uncertainty, he believes. Companies are unsure whether to hire, lay off, reduce office space, or invest. "The economy was roughly 10% down, but now back to about 5% down, but catching up the remaining 5% is going to be hard," said Prof. Bloom. RELATED: US unemployment claims reach 898,000 as layoffs remain high 7 months after COVID struck economy Besides the election, there's the potential of a lame duck period between November and January when Congress could be facing its own uncertainty. Polarization among voters even after the election could impact consumer confidence and impact holiday spending. "If Christmas sales are very poor, I'm nervous you're just going to kind of limp on with this dreadful economy that isn't truly as bad as it was in the summer of 2020," Bloom said. Uncertainty could also be prolonged if election results are contested as happened in 2000 involving George Bush and Al Gore. Historically, uncertainty then was not as heightened as it appears to be today. "It was an era in which voters didn't view the parties as nearly as far apart ideologically as they view them now," said Stanford political scientist Dr. Jonathan Rodden. Both professors, in their work for Stanford's Institute for Economic Policy Research, believe the months ahead will make the post-COVID recovery prolonged. See more stories and videos about Building a Better Bay Area here. Get the latest stories and videos about the 2020 election here.
The artwork "Windmill on the Onbekende Canal, Amsterdam" is a masterful creation by the esteemed artist Claude Monet completed in the year 1874. This evocative piece is classified within the Impressionist movement, a genre marked by its portrayal of light and its changing qualities. As a cityscape, the artwork captures a moment in the "Holland" series, delivering an impression of the urban environment of Amsterdam. The artwork depicts a quintessential Amsterdam scene with a view of a windmill towering over the canal. The composition showcases the windmill's large sails reaching into a sky brushed with hues of blue and light streaks of clouds, suggesting movement and the passage of time. Buildings with European architectural styles flank the windmill, their facades rendered in a mixture of shadow and light that reveal the characteristic approach of the Impressionist movement. In the foreground, reflections dance on the surface of the water, mirroring the windmill and the structures alongside the canal, as well as a boat moored to the side. Monet captures the essence of the canal's tranquility and the daily life that surrounds it, with subtle figures that can be seen near the buildings. The play of color and light is evident, with the orange of the rooftops contrasting with the cooler tones of the sky and water, creating a harmonious balance in the scene. The brushwork is loose and dynamic, emphasizing the fleeting nature of light and the artist's sensations of the moment, rather than the intricacies of the subjects portrayed. This lends the artwork an almost dreamlike quality, as if the viewer is experiencing a vivid memory or a fleeting impression of Amsterdam's charming urban landscape.
Current and evolving hydrogen storage and transportation technologies aim to address the challenges of storing and transporting hydrogen efficiently and safely. 1. Compressed Gas Storage: Compressed gas storage is a well-established and widely employed method for storing hydrogen, particularly in small-scale applications, hydrogen refueling stations, and various industrial processes. This method involves compressing hydrogen gas and storing it in high-pressure tanks or cylinders, typically at pressures ranging from 350 to 700 bar. Compressed gas storage is a well-established and reliable method for storing hydrogen, particularly in small-scale applications and industries. As the demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier continues to grow, innovations in storage technologies and infrastructure development are expected to further enhance the viability and sustainability of hydrogen as an energy source. 2. Liquid Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen can be liquefied by cooling it to extremely low temperatures (-253°C or 20 K). Liquid hydrogen offers higher energy density compared to compressed gas storage, enabling more hydrogen to be stored in a given volume. It is commonly used in aerospace applications and for large-scale storage at hydrogen production and distribution facilities. Liquid hydrogen storage is a well-established method that offers higher energy density and is commonly used in aerospace applications and large-scale hydrogen storage facilities. While it presents certain challenges, ongoing advancements in cryogenic technologies and materials are expected to enhance the viability and efficiency of liquid hydrogen storage in the future. DOWNLOAD- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/industry-practice/RequestForm.asp 3. Metal Hydride Storage: Metal hydrides can absorb and store hydrogen, releasing it when heated. This technology offers the advantage of reversible and safe hydrogen storage. However, metal hydrides typically have lower hydrogen storage capacity compared to compressed gas or liquid hydrogen storage, limiting their use to specific applications. Metal hydride storage offers a safe and reversible method for storing hydrogen, making it suitable for specific applications where safety and controllability are crucial. However, its lower hydrogen storage capacity limits its use to scenarios where space and weight constraints are not as critical. Ongoing research and development efforts seek to address these limitations and enhance the viability of metal hydride storage for a broader range of hydrogen applications. 4. Chemical Hydride Storage: Chemical hydrides, such as ammonia (NH3) or organic hydrides, can store hydrogen through chemical reactions. They have the potential to provide high-density hydrogen storage and enable easier transportation and handling. Chemical hydrides can be converted back to hydrogen when required using a catalyst or thermal energy. Chemical hydride storage is a promising method for high-density hydrogen storage with advantages in safety and convenience. While it has challenges related to efficiency and material selection, ongoing research aims to address these issues and expand the use of chemical hydrides in various hydrogen storage and transportation applications. 5. Hydrogen Carriers: Hydrogen carriers involve chemical compounds that can release hydrogen upon demand. One example is liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), which store hydrogen in a liquid form using a reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation process. Hydrogen carriers offer the advantage of easier and safer transportation and can utilize existing infrastructure like pipelines and tanker ships. hydrogen carriers, including LOHC, offer a promising approach to store and transport hydrogen in a safe, convenient, and energy-efficient manner. They have the potential to play a significant role in the transition to hydrogen-based energy systems and can leverage existing infrastructure for greater adoption. Regarding cost efficiency, it depends on various factors such as the scale of the storage or transportation system, technology maturity, and specific application requirements. Currently, compressed gas storage is relatively cost-efficient for smaller-scale applications, while larger-scale storage facilities often use liquid hydrogen storage due to its higher energy density. To integrate these technologies into the current hydrogen supply chain, several considerations should be addressed: 1. Infrastructure Development: Storage and transportation infrastructure, such as pipelines, storage tanks, and refueling stations, must be established or retrofitted to accommodate the specific storage and transportation methods chosen. establishing or retrofitting hydrogen storage and transportation infrastructure is a complex but necessary process to support the use of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. The development of this infrastructure is closely tied to the choice of hydrogen storage and transportation methods, and it plays a crucial role in enabling the practical integration of hydrogen into various energy systems and industries. 2. Safety and Regulatory Compliance: Stringent safety measures and regulations should be in place to ensure the safe handling, storage, and transportation of hydrogen in different forms. Safety and regulatory compliance are paramount when it comes to the handling, storage, and transportation of hydrogen in its various forms. Hydrogen is a highly flammable and potentially explosive gas, and its safe use is essential to protect both people and the environment. To ensure safety and compliance, stringent measures and regulations are put in place. 3. System Integration: System integration in the context of hydrogen storage and transportation refers to the process of seamlessly incorporating hydrogen technologies into the existing supply chain and infrastructure. This integration is essential to ensure the efficient and effective adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier. 4. Logistics and Distribution Planning: Logistics and distribution planning is a critical aspect of the hydrogen supply chain, ensuring that hydrogen is efficiently transported from production facilities to end-use applications. Effective planning in this regard considers various factors to optimize the transportation process, including distance, demand, storage requirements, safety, and economic efficiency. READ MORE- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/industry-practice/hydrogen/storage-transportation-technologies
Imagine Nashville's Youth-Informed Research Process Reveals Young People's Concerns and Visions for a More Youth-Friendly City April 30, 2024 Nashville, Tenn. — [April 30, 2024) — The results are in, and more than 2,000 young Nashvillians have shared their concerns and visions about Nashville's future in the Imagine Nashville youth findings released today. "When we set out to engage our city around the values and priorities that unite us, we knew one thing – we absolutely had to include the voices of the young people who will inherit the Nashville of the future, in some cases very soon," said Imagine Nashville Co-Chair Renata Soto. "After all, decades from now, the ultimate proof of our success or failure will be if today's young people have stayed or returned to the city to raise their families and pursue their own dreams." "Nashville is constantly changing, and in order to make it a truly better place for everyone we have to get the perspectives of everyone, including youth. The opinions and ideas of youth haven't always been brought to light, but that needs to change because youth offer a unique and extremely important outlook that no one else can," said Nashville Youth Design Team member and high school freshman Addison Harper said. "Recognizing and acknowledging what everyone has to say is key if we want to change Nashville for the better." Using the interactive Dream City Workshop and a survey designed specifically for Imagine Nashville, the Civic Design Center's Nashville Youth Design Team surveyed 1,181 youth from across the city and engaged more than 2,000 young people. Workshop participants were evenly split by gender and represented a racially and ethnically diverse group of youth across age groups 14-18 (32%), 11-13 (62%) and under 11 (7%). "The Dream City workshop serves as a platform for amplifying youth voices and cultivating a sense of ownership among Nashville's young residents. Young people have perspectives and creativity that will add tremendous value to our city. It was inspiring to see their ingenuity come to life in the results," said Civic Design Center Education Director Melody Gibson. Designed much like the community survey for adults, the youth version asked questions about belonging, growth, safety, likes and dislikes, ideal neighborhoods, and big ideas. Highlights of the findings include: - The Nashville Youth Design Team wrote priority statements summing up the qualitative data and themes included the need for more youth-centered and accessible spaces, youth-friendly transportation, and affordability. - While a clear majority of all adults and youth surveyed by Imagine Nashville indicated a strong sense of belonging, the research did reveal some significant differences in that sense of belonging when studied through the lens of race, ethnicity, and other factors. For instance, while 60% of youth surveyed said they agree or strongly agree they belong here (adults came in at 72%), that number dips to 46% for youth identifying as Two or More Races/Ethnicities, 47% for Middle Eastern or North African youth, and 48% for Black youth. Conversely, that number jumps to 72% for White youth. - Almost all youth surveyed appear to agree that the best things about living here are "good restaurants, shopping and entertainment, and good education." Conversely, they cite how expensive it is to live in Nashville and traffic as the most frustrating parts about living here. Overall, youth surveyed anticipate they will like living here less in 5 years, with only 36% saying they believe the continued growth of the city will make their quality of life better. The latter finding was strongest among ages 14-18. - Compared to how safe they feel at school (average = 7.6) and in their neighborhood (average = 7.70), young people surveyed feel the least safe moving around the city (walking, biking, taking the bus, riding in the car; average = 6.6). White and private school survey participants felt safer at school, in their neighborhood, and while moving around the city than participants from all other racial and ethnic identities and those who attend public or charter schools, respectively. - Participants <11 years old, White, or attending private school were more likely than their counterparts to say that their current neighborhood reflects their ideal neighborhood. Regardless of where they live, though, the great majority of youth surveyed believe that hospitals, affordable housing, grocery stores, and schools are "absolutely essential" ingredients to an ideal neighborhood. - When it comes to Big Ideas for the future of Nashville, more youth chose "Strong Neighborhoods" than the other choices of "Learning," "Music & Arts," "Inclusiveness," and "Connectedness." "Strong neighborhoods" refers to neighborhoods that have unique identities and plenty of jobs, housing, and resources so people can live, work, and play in the same neighborhood. Ages 14-18, however, placed "Learning" above all else, as did Asian, Hispanic, and White participants. "Imagine Nashville underscores our commitment to inclusive and forward-thinking city planning, and prominently recognizes that our youth are not just the future but also active participants in shaping the present," says Civic Design Center CEO Gary Gaston. Youth voices and opinions are being included in Phase II of the Imagine Nashville citywide visioning process, and the values and priorities expressed in the research findings will be reflected in the ultimate set of recommendations that is finalized this summer. The full research report and Key Research Highlights are available at www.imaginenashville.org/research. Media Contacts Laura Braam, The Strategy Group / Imagine Nashville, (615) 512-8892, email@example.com Veronica Foster, Civic Design Center, (773) 820-1233, email@example.com About Imagine Nashville Imagine Nashville is a citywide initiative guided by the belief that we as a community must share our dreams and ideas to shape our future. The yearlong effort began in the summer of 2023 and is slated to finish by summer of 2024. The initiative is co-chaired by the Rev. John Faison Sr., Dr. Alex Jahangir and Renata Soto alongside a Steering Committee that includes a diverse group of neighborhood, civic, business and nonprofit leaders. The work comprises two phases. The first phase included citywide attitudinal research that reached into every corner of the county to find shared values and priorities. The second phase seeks to use the research findings to bring forth a set of clear, specific, actionable recommendations that guides the city forward and keeps us all accountable for real results that Nashvillians can see and feel in their daily lives. Online at www.imaginenashville.org. About the Nashville Youth Design Team's Dream City Workshop The Dream City workshop represents an innovative approach to capturing young people's input in an engaging and educational manner. Led by youth, for youth, this workshop empowers participants to envision and construct their ideal "Dream City," transcending conventional boundaries and embracing boundless creativity. From flying cars to chocolate rivers, participants are encouraged to dream big and imagine the possibilities for an optimal youth-centered environment. During the workshop, participants not only conceptualize and build their Dream City but also engage in dialogue and reflection about the current state of Nashville and their aspirations for its future. Following the creative session, participants complete a survey, providing further insights into their perspectives on the city's present and future. This integration of experiential learning and reflective inquiry ensures that participants' voices are both heard and thoughtfully considered in the city's planning processes. About Civic Design Center The mission of the Civic Design Center is to advocate for civic design visions and actionable change in communities to improve quality of life for all. Over 20 years ago, the work began with a large-scale community engagement project that culminated in a comprehensive vision for the city: The Plan of Nashville. As Nashville grows in influence, we will continue to lead change so that our city may help set an example for design equity around the world. We take action towards this goal through youth-led research, tactical urbanism interventions, civic design education, and thought leadership. For more information on Civic Design Center and its programs, please visit www.civicdesigncenter.org.
To convert pounds (lbs) to kilograms (kg), you can use the following step-by-step instructions: Step 1: Understand the conversion factor 1 lb is equal to approximately 0.45359237 kg. This is the conversion factor we will use to convert pounds to kilograms. Step 2: Set up the conversion equation To convert 108 lbs to kg, we can set up the equation as follows: 108 lbs * (0.45359237 kg/1 lb) Step 3: Cancel out the units In the equation, the unit "lbs" is present in both the numerator and denominator. This allows us to cancel out the unit and perform the calculation. Step 4: Perform the calculation Multiply 108 by the conversion factor: 108 * 0.45359237 = 48.98886896 Step 5: Round the result Since weight is typically rounded to two decimal places, we can round the result to: 48.99 kg Therefore, 108 lbs is approximately equal to 48.99 kg.
When securing maintenance for your child, you need to know what to do and what not to do so as to be able not to hurt the child's chances of getting a stable and bright future. Here are the things and procedures that you should explore. Not only is child maintenance a legal responsibility and a way of each of the parents to stay relevant in their child's life. It also helps to make a primal difference on the child's life since it helps to pay for among other things the child's education, food and clothing. There are a variety of ways that you can use. These include the gamily-based agreements where the parents comes together and make an agreement on how they are going to get around it or, you can use a state agency like the Child Maintenance Service (CMS) and in some cases, you may also use the law courts to help you get maintenance for your child. Should you be looking on how to go about getting child maintenance, perhaps one of the most reliable places that you can visit is Child Maintenance Options. This is there to offer assistance for parents, guardians as well as relatives and those that might be concerned about the wellbeing of a child. There are a number of ways that a parent can be able to do this. The quickest and most amicable method is the family based agreements and this is more so the case because it also comes with its own variety of advantages that include; One of the most convenient ways that you can use to tell how much child maintenance you should be asking for is by using the CMS's Child Maintenance Calculator. This can offer you a great place to start. Also make sure that you keep all the records of expenses and payments since they could come in handy. What is the option other than family based agreement. While the family based agreement is highly advocated for, for one reasons or another which includes violence and abuse, it may not work out for all. In this case, you can apply for a child maintenance which is statutory and is managed by the CMS. Once either of the parents contacts the CMO, they can then apply to the CMS which is able to; Keep in mind though that this option is very stringent and is not easy to make changes on this platform. Direct pay. To curb the hurdles that the previous method poses, CMS also offers the Direct Pay. Her parents are able to organize how and when they will be paying and the CMS is able to offer advice in case the need arises. This platform is more flexible. Change of Guard. The CSA will be closing the maintenance agreements of 1993 and 2003 in preparation of the takeover by the CMS. Affected parents will be advised to either opt for the family based agreement or file a fresh with the incoming CMS. The amount that the CMS is able to work out depends on a variety of factors that are provided for by children laws that include; There are a variety of instances that the court has the ability to order for that include; Aside from that, a court also has the ability to order for a certain amount of money to be paid or property availed to the children in certain circumstances. Should a father be named in a child maintenance application and they have an issue about the paternity, the following criteria is followed if the child has not been legally adopted; The Guide to Child Maintenance provides a helpful overview of the subject. The terms child and the word maintenance should be kept separate, as it is often used in a different context than for married couples. The Guide also explains the benefits of mediation between parents and children involved in a divorce proceeding. Child maintenance is paid by both non-custodial parents and both resident and non-resident parents are obligated to contribute towards the costs of raising their children. The custodial parent is typically the more economically able one, as his or her income generally exceeds that of the non-custodial parent. The non-custodial parent, on the other hand, usually comes from a low-income family and is not able to meet the financial requirements of contributing to the costs of child care. In addition, as the custodial parent, he or she has the right to dictate the type of payments to be made by the non-custodial parent to their children, which is usually in the form of spousal support. When children live with divorced or separated parents, both parties to the agreement are responsible for making the required payments. It is important to remember that neither parent is responsible for paying any fines or restitution that may be awarded to the other parent. Therefore, any payment given to the custodial parent should not be used for these purposes. A parent who has custody of a child can submit an application for mediation through the court. The courts may approve or deny this request, but if it is granted then both parents will be allowed to participate in the process. Mediation between parents and their children involved in a divorce proceeding involves the cooperation of both parties in order to establish an amicable schedule of payments and support. During the course of mediation, each parent will present their case to the other and try to work out an amount that the other parent is willing to pay. If the agreement reaches an agreement, it will be entered into the court as part of a finalized custody order. If the mediation process is unsuccessful, both parents may go to trial and take the matter to court. If one parent is found to be unfit to care for the other's child, they may be ordered to pay for the care with assistance from a public welfare agency. The Guide to Child Maintenance helps guide the reader toward the correct approach to negotiations between a custodial parent and the non-custodial parent regarding child support and spousal support. The Guide to Child Maintenance also explains what types of mediators may be hired to conduct mediation. There are many qualified professionals available in several areas who can provide professional guidance to the parties involved in a mediation process.
The Identification of the Liner Helmet Steel M-1 In 1941, the Quartermaster adopted a completely new combat helmet, consisting of a heavy shell and a removable inner helmet. The inner part was officially named the Liner Helmet Steel M-1, and its main advantage was that it could be worn alone or with the shell, providing soldiers with a headgear option without the weight of the shell when not necessary. A Little Throwback In 1940, the American army reported that the M-1917A1 helmet, similar to the British model, was unsuitable for combat. Colonel HG Sydenham was tasked with developing a helmet that covered the entire head and did not obstruct soldiers' vision. Drawing inspiration from various civilian helmets, Sydenham created a light helmet with lines that fit into a protective steel shell, based on American football helmets of the time. The Riddell company owned the patent for this type of helmet, and the prototype called "TS-3" was entrusted to them for production. The Liner Fiber Helmet M-1 In order to mass-produce the new helmet and its liner, the American army launched a call for tenders after buying the patent from the firm Riddell. Mc Cord Radiator Manufacturing Co, which already produced the M-1917A1 helmet for the army, joined forces with the Hawley Products Company to propose the production of liners. The latter manufactured tropical fiber helmets for the army and proposed a compressed fiber base liner, which was quickly approved by the army. The first series of nearly 1,000,000 liners was launched in 1941, with a total of almost 4,000,000 copies produced by Mc Cord-Hawley and its subcontractor, General Fiber Company. The design of this model was stopped in 1942, with the introduction of a new plastic model. Orders were fulfilled by the Chicago Quartermaster Depot. Marine Corp Tropical Pith Helmet Contract number \| Date of the contract \| W-199-qm-1*488 \| December 1941 \| W-199-qm-24436 \| March 1942 \| W-199-qm-37570 \| August 1942 \| 1st type in compressed cardboard US M1 "Hawley" Liner The process was accomplished by gluing together two parts of compressed cardboard fibers, themselves soaked in an impermeable substance, and covered with fabric. The suspension structure initially developed by the firm Riddell Co, was made with the assembly of white rayon fabrics, fixed using riveted rectangular support plates. The under-helmet's brown leather chinstrap was also riveted directly to the inner sides, making it impossible to remove if needed. Leather chinstrap rivet A canvas strap is attached around the entire circumference of the helmet with 6 rectangular brass rivets. Three straps fixed with the band and its rivets form three "V", the ends of which are connected in the center by a cotton lace, so that the depth of the under-helmet can be adjusted. The canvas headband is equipped with a second leather headband fixed with six press studs. On this first model of under helmet, the headband was not adjustable and was available in 13 different sizes. 2nd type in compressed cardboard The second model in compressed cardboard corresponds to a production between March 1942 and August 1942. The first type of counter-rivets of rectangular shape was replaced by steel models in the shape of "A". The straps that make up the inside of the helmet were also changed, made of cotton color OD#3. The inner strap was also changed to allow adjustment of the head circumference. This second type made of compressed cardboard will mark the end of the manufacture of under-helmets with this material considered far too fragile. Liner Helmet M-1 New Type Interior view of the Liner Helmet M-1 New Type It is from November 1942 that the Liner Fiber Helmet M1 will be judged as Limited Standard (stop production and distribution until end of stocks). It was at this time that the army launched a new call for tenders in order to manufacture more resistant and more quickly produced under-helmets. An order will be launched with the production of nearly 600 high-pressure molded copies by three companies specializing in civilian helmets (Inland Division, Mine Safety Appliances and Westinghouse Electric Company). The QMC (Quartermaster Corps), validated the project in February 1942 under the new name "Liner Helmet, M-1 New Type". With the war raging, orders will be placed with three companies (Inland Division, Mine Safety Appliances and Westinghouse Electric Company). On the other hand, the firms Saint-Clair Rubber Company and BF Goodrich Company – Hool Rubber Division, proposed a model molded at low pressure. Between July 1942 and August 1945, the Westinghouse firm manufactured no less than 5 variants of high-pressure under-helmets mixing the different internal suspension systems and materials. 1st Type \| Variant 1st Type \| 2nd type \| 3rd Kind \| 4th type \| Rectangular counter-rivets \| White metal "A" shaped backing rivets \| White metal "A" shaped backing rivets \| "A"-shaped counter-rivets in white metal painted in OD3 \| Bronzed metal "A" shaped counter-rivets \| Suspension in white rayon fabric \| Suspension in white rayon fabric \| HBT canvas suspension in OD3 color \| HBT canvas suspension in OD3 color \| HBT canvas suspension in OD3 color \| Fixed Chinstrap \| Removable chinstrap \| Removable chinstrap \| Removable chinstrap \| Removable chinstrap \| Non-adjustable headband fixed by press stud \| Non-adjustable headband fixed by press stud \| Adjustable headband \| Adjustable headband \| Adjustable headband \| Hood Rubber Co Liner Helmet M-1 New Type Low Pressure Saint Clair Rubber Co Liner Helmet M-1 New Type Low Pressure Westinghouse Mfg Co. Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure Seaman Paper Co Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure Capac Mfg Co. Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure Firestone Tire Co. Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure International Molded Plastics Inc. Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure Inland Mfg Div Liner Helmet M-1 New Type High Pressure High Pressure Liners Westinghouse Electric and Mfg Co. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Capac Manufacturing Co Mine Safety Appliances Co Seaman Paper Co International Molded Plastics Inc. Inland Division of General Motor Counter Rivets A final way to best identify and date your helmet liner is to look at your counter rivets. These metal parts say a lot about the date of manufacture. Depending on their shape, the material used, as well as the paint applied, you could estimate the production date of your liner. You will find below a table that references the different elements related to the date of manufacture of your under-helmet. 1942 \| 1942-1943 \| 1943-1944 \| 1944-1945 \| Rectangular in unpainted metal \| "A" shape in unpainted white metal \| "A" shape painted metal OD#3 \| "A" shape in unpainted bronzed metal \| Several elements make it possible to date an under-helmet. Whether it is the materials used to manufacture the bomb, or the various elements that make up the interior and its lines, it is relatively easy to estimate the date of manufacture of the liner. Without forgetting the easily identifiable punch at the bottom, on the inside face. In view of the manufacturing carried out during the Second World War, there is a good chance that your under-helmet was produced by the Westinghouse firm between 1942 and the end of the conflict. Of nearly 51,000,000 copies, Westinghouse produced no less than 45%, or nearly 23,000,000 of them. If you are having difficulty dating and identifying your under-helmet, do not hesitate to contact us , we will be happy to help you.
Bank reconciliation steps Bank reconciliation happens when you compare your record of sales and expenses against the record your bank has. It's how you verify your business accounting numbers. 1. Get bank records You need a list of transactions from the bank. You could get that from a statement, from online banking, or by having the bank send data straight to your accounting software. If you run a current account and a credit card account, you'll need both statements. 2. Get business records Open your ledger of income and outgoings. This might be in a logbook, on a spreadsheet, or in an accounting software package. Some accounting software will pull in bills and receipts with the help of data capture tools and extract the data automatically. 3. Find your starting point Find the last time the balance on your business books was the same as the balance in your bank account. Start the reconciliation from there. 4. Run through bank deposits Make sure each deposit appears as income in your accounts. If something is missing, enter it. You'll need to figure out if it was a sale, interest, a refund, or something else. 5. Check the income on your books Each entry should match a deposit on your bank statement. If something is missing, find out why. A customer payment might have bounced, for example. 6. Run through bank withdrawals All bank withdrawals should be recorded in your books. This includes things like bank fees, which you might not have accounted for yet. 7. Check the expenses on your books Each entry should match a withdrawal on your bank statement. If not, find out why. One of your payments may not have cleared yet, or maybe you paid using cash or a different account. 8. End balance After you've checked all the deposits and withdrawals, your business bank balance should match the totals in your business accounts. This will be the starting point for your next reconciliation.
Welcome to our article highlighting the deliciousness of authentic mango sticky rice, a beloved Thai dessert. This delightful treat combines the sweetness of ripe mango slices with the creamy richness of sweet coconut milk and the unique texture of sticky rice. Every bite of this sublime dessert will transport you straight to the vibrant streets of Thailand, where the scent of mangoes fills the air. Whether you've experienced the authentic flavors of mango sticky rice before or are eager to try it for the first time, this article will guide you through the traditional recipe, offering insights into the key ingredients, the role of sticky rice, and the art of preparing fresh mango slices. So, grab a spoon and get ready to dive into the world of authentic mango sticky rice, where every mouthful is a symphony of tropical flavors! Read more interesting information at ::blackcerenity What is Mango Sticky Rice? Mango Sticky Rice is a well-known Thai dessert that combines the natural sweetness of mangoes with the delightful stickiness of glutinous rice. This traditional recipe has been enjoyed by generations, making it a beloved part of Thai cuisine. Thai desserts are famous for their unique blend of flavors and the way they incorporate local ingredients. Mango Sticky Rice, or "Khao Niao Mamuang" in Thai, perfectly exemplifies this culinary tradition. "Mango Sticky Rice is a harmonious marriage of soft, sweet mangoes, chewy sticky rice, and a generous drizzle of heavenly sweet coconut milk." The mouthwatering combination of textures and flavors makes Mango Sticky Rice a standout dessert that has gained popularity not only in Thailand but around the world. The simplicity of the dish, coupled with its indulgent taste, has made it a staple in Thai restaurants and a must-try for dessert enthusiasts. To appreciate the true essence of Mango Sticky Rice, it is important to understand its traditional recipe. The recipe typically involves cooking glutinous rice until it reaches a sticky and slightly chewy consistency. The rice is then infused with a mixture of coconut milk, sugar, and salt, giving it a creamy and subtly sweet flavor. Once the sticky rice is ready, it is served alongside fresh, ripe mango slices. The vibrant yellow mangoes provide a burst of freshness and a contrasting tanginess that balances the sweetness of the coconut-infused rice. The result is a delectable dessert that satisfies both the palate and the senses. Why is Mango Sticky Rice So Popular? Mango Sticky Rice has captured the hearts and taste buds of people worldwide for several reasons: - The perfect balance of sweetness and creaminess appeals to a wide range of dessert enthusiasts. - The simplicity of the recipe allows the natural flavors of the ingredients to shine. - Mango Sticky Rice can be enjoyed both warm or chilled, making it a versatile dessert for any occasion. - The combination of sticky rice, coconut milk, and mangoes creates a delightful contrast of textures. - It provides a delicious taste of Thai culture and cuisine. No matter where you are in the world, indulging in a plate of Mango Sticky Rice will transport you to the vibrant streets of Thailand. Benefits of Mango Sticky Rice \| Nutritional Content \| 1. Rich in Vitamins A and C \| • Mangoes are packed with antioxidants and vitamin C, boosting the immune system and supporting skin health. \| 2. High in Fiber \| • Sticky rice provides dietary fiber, aiding digestion and promoting a healthy gut. \| 3. Natural Energy Source \| • The combination of glutinous rice and mangoes offers a source of energy, perfect for active individuals. \| 4. Heart-Healthy \| • Coconut milk used in the recipe contains heart-healthy fats that may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. \| Key Ingredients for Authentic Mango Sticky Rice Creating the perfect mango sticky rice requires a careful selection of key ingredients to capture the traditional flavors and textures of this beloved Thai dessert. Let's explore the essential components that make up this delightful treat. The star of the dish, the mango, should be ripe, fragrant, and full of sweetness. Look for mangoes that are slightly soft to the touch and have a vibrant color. The popular varieties used in mango sticky rice include Honey Mango (also known as Ataulfo) and Champagne Mango (also known as Kent). Sticky Rice (Glutinous Rice) Sticky rice, also known as glutinous rice, is the foundation of this dessert. It has a unique sticky texture that ensures the rice clings together, allowing it to be easily enjoyed with the mango and coconut milk. It is essential to use this specific type of rice to achieve the desired consistency. Regular long-grain rice will not work for this recipe. Coconut Milk Coconut milk is a key ingredient that adds a rich and creamy flavor to mango sticky rice. It is made by squeezing the liquid from grated coconut flesh, resulting in a silky texture and a hint of natural sweetness. Look for high-quality canned or fresh coconut milk to enhance the overall taste of the dessert. Sugar is used to sweeten the sticky rice and coconut milk mixture. The amount can vary depending on personal preference. It is common to use white or palm sugar, which adds a subtle caramel-like flavor to the dessert. A pinch of salt is added to the sticky rice to balance the sweetness of the coconut milk and mango. It helps enhance the flavors and creates a harmonious taste profile. Sesame Seeds Sesame seeds are often sprinkled on top of the assembled dessert, adding a nutty crunch and additional visual appeal to the dish. They provide a delightful contrast to the creamy texture of the mango sticky rice. By using these traditional ingredients, you can create an authentic mango sticky rice that captures the essence of this popular Thai dessert. The combination of ripe mango slices, sticky rice infused with coconut milk, and the delicate balance of sweetness and texture make for an unforgettable culinary experience. The Role of Sticky Rice in the Recipe In the traditional recipe of delicious mango sticky rice, sticky rice plays a crucial role in creating the unique texture and flavor that make this Thai dessert so enticing. Sticky rice, also known as glutinous rice, is a staple ingredient in many Southeast Asian cuisines, including Thailand. It gets its "sticky" characteristic from the high levels of amylopectin, a type of starch that gives the rice its distinctive chewiness and stickiness when cooked. When combined with the other ingredients in the mango sticky rice recipe, sticky rice becomes the foundation of this delectable dessert. During the cooking process, the sticky rice absorbs the sweet coconut milk, which infuses it with a creamy, aromatic flavor. The naturally sticky nature of the rice creates a delightful, slightly chewy texture that contrasts beautifully with the tender and juicy mango slices. To prepare sticky rice for mango sticky rice, it is essential to soak the rice beforehand to ensure even cooking. The rice is then steamed, allowing it to soften while maintaining its sticky consistency. This careful cooking method ensures that the rice retains its distinct texture and doesn't turn mushy. "Sticky rice is the heart and soul of mango sticky rice. Its unique texture and ability to absorb flavors make it the perfect canvas for this Thai dessert." The use of sticky rice in mango sticky rice exemplifies the beauty of traditional Thai desserts by highlighting the simplicity and harmony of a few key ingredients. It is the artful combination of sticky rice, coconut milk, and fresh mango slices that elevates this dessert to a beloved and iconic status in Thai cuisine. Sticky Rice: A Versatile Ingredient Sticky rice isn't only limited to desserts. In Thai cuisine, it is a versatile ingredient and is often enjoyed in savory dishes as well. One of the most popular savory dishes featuring sticky rice is "khao niao" or sticky rice with grilled meat. This dish is commonly served alongside succulent grilled chicken or pork, creating a delightful combination of flavors and textures. The sticky and chewy nature of the rice makes it easy to shape into cute bite-sized portions, such as rice balls or rice dumplings. These savory snacks are often filled with seasoned meat or sweet fillings like mung bean paste. Benefits of Sticky Rice in Mango Sticky Rice Recipe \| \| 1. Unique texture \| Sticky rice adds a chewy and sticky texture to the dessert, enhancing the overall eating experience. \| 2. Flavor absorption \| The sticky rice absorbs the sweet coconut milk, taking on its rich and creamy flavor. \| 3. Balancing sweetness \| The slightly bland nature of the sticky rice helps to balance the sweetness of the coconut milk and mango, creating a harmonious blend of flavors. \| Preparing the Mangoes for Mango Sticky Rice When it comes to authentic mango sticky rice, the star of the show is undoubtedly the fresh mango slices. The vibrant and juicy mangoes perfectly complement the sticky rice, adding a burst of sweetness and a tropical twist to this beloved Thai dessert. To ensure the best flavor and texture, it's important to select, prepare, and slice the mangoes with care. Selecting Ripe Mangoes To begin, choose mangoes that are ripe and fragrant. Look for mangoes that are slightly soft to the touch and have a strong, sweet aroma. This indicates that the mangoes are at their peak ripeness and will provide the best flavor for your mango sticky rice. Peeling and Slicing Mangoes Once you have selected your mangoes, it's time to prepare them for serving. Start by peeling off the skin using a sharp knife or a vegetable peeler. Hold the mango firmly and carefully glide the knife along the curve of the fruit, removing the skin in one smooth motion. Next, slice the mango flesh away from the large seed in the center. Hold the mango upright and make vertical cuts along each side of the seed, about half an inch away from the center. This will create two substantial mango cheeks. Then, carefully score the flesh of each cheek in a crisscross pattern, making sure not to cut through the skin. Gently push the skin side of the mango cheek to invert it, revealing perfectly diced mango cubes. If preferred, you can also slice the mango into thin strips instead of dicing it. To do this, hold the mango on its side and make thin horizontal cuts along the length of the fruit. The result will be beautiful mango slices that can be layered atop the sticky rice for an exquisite presentation. Pro Tip: For an added touch of elegance, reserve a few fresh mint leaves to garnish the mango sticky rice. The vibrant green color and refreshing flavor of the mint will beautifully complement the sweet and tropical flavors of the dessert. Enjoying the Perfect Pairing With the fresh mango slices prepared, it's time to assemble your mango sticky rice masterpiece. Spoon a generous portion of warm sticky rice onto a plate or bowl, then arrange the succulent mango slices on top. Drizzle the sweet coconut milk over the rice and mangoes, allowing it to soak into the rice and create a luscious and creamy sauce. Finish off with a sprinkle of sesame seeds or a dusting of shredded coconut for added texture and visual appeal. Now, take a moment to admire the beautiful combination of colors and flavors before indulging in your first bite. The combination of the soft and sticky rice, the juicy mangoes, and the creamy coconut milk is a harmonious blend that will transport your taste buds to the exotic flavors of Thailand. Benefits of Fresh Mango Slices in Mango Sticky Rice \| Traditional Recipe Elements \| Fresh and juicy texture \| Sticky rice \| Sweet and tropical flavor \| Coconut milk \| Beautiful presentation \| Fresh mango slices \| Cooking the Sticky Rice Cooking sticky rice is an essential step in preparing the delicious Thai dessert known as mango sticky rice. The process requires some patience and attention to detail, but with the right technique, you can achieve perfect results every time. To cook sticky rice, start by rinsing the rice thoroughly to remove any excess starch. This will prevent the grains from sticking together too much during cooking. Then, soak the rice in water for at least four hours or overnight. This soaking process allows the rice to absorb water, resulting in a soft and sticky texture when cooked. After soaking, drain the rice and transfer it to a steamer lined with a cheesecloth or banana leaves. Bring water in the steamer to a boil, then place the steamer basket with the rice over it. Be sure to cover the steamer tightly to trap the steam and cook the rice evenly. Steam the rice for about 20-30 minutes, or until it becomes tender and sticky. You can check the rice by pressing a grain between your fingers. If it easily squishes together without breaking apart, it's ready. Remove the steamer from the heat and let the rice sit for a few minutes to further develop its sticky consistency. Once the rice is cooked, transfer it to a bowl and cover it with a clean towel to keep it warm and prevent it from drying out. The sticky rice is now ready to be served with fresh mango slices and a drizzle of sweet coconut milk. Tips for Cooking Sticky Rice: - Use glutinous or sticky rice specifically labeled for this recipe. - Soak the rice for at least four hours or overnight for the best texture. - Steam the rice instead of boiling it to achieve the desired stickiness. - Ensure the steamer is tightly covered throughout the cooking process. - Let the cooked rice rest for a few minutes before serving to enhance its stickiness. Enjoy the warm and comforting flavors of mango sticky rice created with perfectly cooked sticky rice, sweet coconut milk, and fresh mango slices. Preparing the Sweet Coconut Milk One of the key components that adds a luscious and creamy element to authentic mango sticky rice is the sweet coconut milk. This traditional recipe requires the use of freshly extracted coconut milk, obtained by squeezing fresh coconut flesh and straining it to obtain a smooth and rich liquid. To prepare the sweet coconut milk, follow these simple steps: - Step 1: Start by cracking open a fresh and mature coconut. Drain the water from the coconut and save it for another use. - Step 2: Use a sturdy knife to carefully separate the coconut flesh from the hard outer shell. Remove any remaining brown skin from the coconut flesh. - Step 3: Grate the coconut flesh using a fine grater. For convenience, you can use a food processor with a grating attachment. - Step 4: Place the grated coconut in a cheesecloth or muslin bag, and squeeze it firmly over a bowl to extract the coconut milk. Repeat this process until you have gathered a sufficient amount of coconut milk. - Step 5: For a smooth and creamy consistency, strain the extracted coconut milk through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth to remove any remaining solids. Once you have prepared the sweet coconut milk, it is ready to be drizzled over the mango sticky rice, providing a delightful contrast to the sticky and fragrant rice. The combination of the sweet coconut milk with the fresh mango slices creates a harmonious and indulgent dessert that encapsulates the essence of Thai cuisine. Assembling the Mango Sticky Rice After carefully preparing each component of the traditional recipe, it's time to bring it all together and assemble the mouthwatering mango sticky rice. The final steps involve arranging the sticky rice and fresh mango slices in an aesthetically pleasing manner, creating a tantalizing presentation that enhances the sensory experience of this beloved Thai dessert. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to assemble the mango sticky rice: - Using a small bowl or ramekin, pack a generous portion of sticky rice. The sticky rice should hold its shape when turned upside down. - Place the molded sticky rice onto a clean plate or shallow bowl. - Slice a ripe, juicy mango into thin pieces. Arrange the mango slices neatly alongside or on top of the sticky rice, creating an eye-catching pattern. - To further enhance the visual appeal, sprinkle some sesame seeds or toasted coconut flakes over the top of the dish. Remember, presentation is key when it comes to mango sticky rice. Take the time to arrange the dish thoughtfully, ensuring that it looks as good as it tastes. Now that you have mastered the art of assembling the mango sticky rice, you are ready to indulge in the flavors and textures that make this traditional Thai dessert so irresistible. The combination of sticky rice, sweet coconut milk, and fresh mango slices creates a harmonious blend that will transport your taste buds to the vibrant streets of Thailand. Serving and Enjoying Authentic Mango Sticky Rice After preparing the perfect batch of authentic mango sticky rice using the traditional recipe, it's time to savor the flavors of this popular Thai dessert. Serving and enjoying mango sticky rice is not only about taste but also about presentation and the overall experience. Here's how you can make the most of this delightful treat. 1. Plating with Artistry When serving authentic mango sticky rice, aim for a visually appealing presentation that showcases the vibrant colors of the dish. Start by molding a portion of sticky rice into a small mound using a round bowl or a mold. Place fresh, ripe mango slices on top or artfully arrange them around the rice. Mango sticky rice is a feast for the eyes as well as the taste buds. Its aesthetic appeal adds to the overall enjoyment of this classic Thai dessert. 2. Drizzling Sweet Coconut Milk The next step is to generously drizzle the prepared sweet coconut milk over the plated mango sticky rice. The creamy sweetness of the coconut milk complements the natural sweetness of the mangoes and enhances the overall flavor profile of the dish. 3. Adding Crunch and Texture To add a delightful crunch and additional texture to the dish, sprinkle some toasted sesame seeds or crushed peanuts over the top of the mango sticky rice. These additions provide a contrast in taste and texture, making each bite a delightful combination of soft, chewy rice, creamy coconut milk, juicy mangoes, and crunchy elements. 4. Food Pairing Recommendations Mango sticky rice pairs well with other traditional Thai desserts, such as khanom krok (coconut custard) and thai tea ice cream. The combination of flavors and textures creates a harmonious dessert experience that showcases the richness and diversity of Thai cuisine. Mango Sticky Rice Pairing Suggestions: \| Description: \| Khanom Krok \| A sweet coconut custard with a soft and creamy texture that complements the sticky rice. \| Thai Tea Ice Cream \| A creamy and aromatic ice cream made with Thai tea leaves, offering a refreshing contrast to the warm mango sticky rice. \| Don't forget to pair your mango sticky rice with a refreshing Thai iced tea or a cup of fragrant jasmine tea to complete the culinary experience. 5. Indulge in Authentic Mango Sticky Rice Lastly, take a moment to fully immerse yourself in the flavors and textures of this traditional Thai dessert. With each spoonful, savor the combination of sweet mangoes, fragrant sticky rice, creamy coconut milk, and delightful accents. Let the tastes transport you to the vibrant streets of Thailand, where mango sticky rice is revered as a culinary masterpiece. Now that you know how to serve and enjoy authentic mango sticky rice, it's time to gather the ingredients, follow the traditional recipe, and indulge in this popular Thai dessert. Whether it's a special occasion or a simple craving, the harmonious blend of flavors in mango sticky rice is sure to leave you wanting more. Variations and Additions to Mango Sticky Rice Mango sticky rice is a delightful Thai dessert that can be enjoyed in its traditional form or transformed with creative variations and additions. While the classic recipe of sticky rice, sweet coconut milk, and fresh mango slices is divine on its own, exploring new flavors can take this dessert to the next level. 1. Coconut-Lime Mango Sticky Rice Add a zesty twist to the traditional recipe by infusing the sweet coconut milk with a splash of fresh lime juice. This variation balances the richness of the coconut with a subtle tang that complements the sweetness of the mango perfectly. 2. Chocolate-Drizzled Mango Sticky Rice Indulge your sweet tooth by drizzling melted chocolate over the mango sticky rice. The combination of velvety chocolate, creamy coconut milk, and juicy mango creates a decadent dessert that will satisfy any chocolate lover. 3. Tropical Fruit Medley Mango Sticky Rice Take a tropical journey by adding a medley of assorted fruits to your mango sticky rice. Pineapple chunks, kiwi slices, and passion fruit seeds can add vibrant colors and diverse flavors to this already delightful dessert. "Exploring new flavors can take this dessert to the next level." These are just a few examples of the endless possibilities when it comes to variations and additions to mango sticky rice. Get creative and experiment with your favorite ingredients to create a personalized twist on this Thai classic. Whether you're adding a sprinkle of toasted coconut, a dollop of whipped cream, or a drizzle of caramel sauce, each variation can offer a unique and memorable experience. Recipe Substitutions: If you want to make your mango sticky rice even more unique, you can try substituting traditional ingredients with alternatives that suit your taste preferences or dietary restrictions. Here are a few ideas: - Use black sticky rice for a visually striking and more earthy flavor profile. - Replace mango with other seasonal fruits like peaches, strawberries, or even durian for a twist. - Experiment with different types of sweeteners, such as palm sugar, honey, or agave syrup, to add subtle flavor variations. - For a vegan-friendly option, swap cow's milk with coconut milk or other plant-based milk alternatives. The possibilities to customize your mango sticky rice are endless. Don't be afraid to think outside the box and create a dessert that truly reflects your taste and preferences. Variation \| Description \| Coconut-Lime Mango Sticky Rice \| Adds a zesty twist with fresh lime juice to the coconut milk. \| Chocolate-Drizzled Mango Sticky Rice \| Indulgent variation with melted chocolate drizzled over the dessert. \| Tropical Fruit Medley Mango Sticky Rice \| A mix of assorted tropical fruits adds vibrant colors and flavors. \| With these variations and suggestions, the possibilities for enhancing mango sticky rice are truly endless. Whether you opt for a tangy twist, a chocolatey delight, or a fruit-filled medley, these adaptations will introduce new dimensions to the traditional recipe and create a sensational dessert experience. Explore, experiment, and enjoy!- Things to Consider When Making Mango Sticky Rice Mango sticky rice is a delightful Thai dessert that perfectly combines the natural sweetness of ripe mangoes with the creamy texture of sticky rice. To ensure that your homemade mango sticky rice turns out as delicious as the traditional recipe, here are some essential tips to keep in mind: 1. Choose the Right Rice When making mango sticky rice, it is crucial to use glutinous or sticky rice, also known as sweet rice. This type of rice has a higher starch content, resulting in its characteristic sticky texture. You can find glutinous rice at Asian grocery stores or online. 2. Soak the Rice Before cooking the rice, it is essential to soak it in water for at least 4 hours or overnight. This step helps to soften the grains and achieve the desired stickiness when cooked. 3. Steaming Method The traditional method of cooking sticky rice for mango sticky rice is steaming. Line the steamer basket with a cheesecloth or muslin cloth to prevent the rice from falling through the holes. Steam the rice for about 25-30 minutes until it becomes soft and sticky. 4. Proper Mango Selection For the best flavor and aroma, select ripe mangoes that are sweet and slightly soft to the touch. The popular varieties for mango sticky rice are Thai mangoes, also known as Nam Dok Mai, but you can use any ripe and fragrant mangoes available. 5. Serve Fresh Mango sticky rice is best enjoyed fresh. Once the rice is cooked, serve it warm with sliced mangoes and a generous drizzle of sweet coconut milk. The contrast between the warm sticky rice and the cool, juicy mangoes is truly divine. "The combination of the sticky rice, sweet mangoes, and creamy coconut milk creates a harmonious blend of flavors and textures that captures the essence of Thai cuisine." By following these tips, you can master the art of making mango sticky rice and savor the authentic taste of this beloved Thai dessert. Whether you're preparing it for yourself or impressing your guests, this delightful treat is sure to be a crowd-pleaser! Pairing Mango Sticky Rice with Other Thai Dishes While mango sticky rice is undoubtedly a delicious Thai dessert on its own, it can also be enhanced when paired with other traditional Thai dishes. The rich flavors and textures of mango sticky rice complement a variety of Thai cuisine, creating a harmonious and satisfying meal experience. Thai Curry A popular choice to pair with mango sticky rice is a traditional Thai curry. The spicy and aromatic curry flavors beautifully contrast with the sweetness of the dessert, creating a delightful balance on the palate. Whether it's a fiery red curry or a creamy green curry, the combination of the two dishes is a match made in culinary heaven. Pad Thai Another classic Thai dish that pairs exceptionally well with mango sticky rice is Pad Thai. The tangy and savory flavors of Pad Thai perfectly offset the sweetness of the dessert, resulting in a well-rounded and satisfying meal. The combination of the two dishes offers a delightful interplay of flavors and textures. Tom Yum Soup For those who enjoy a spicy and sour kick, pairing mango sticky rice with Tom Yum Soup is a fantastic choice. The hot and sour flavors of the soup add a refreshing contrast to the creamy and sweet mango dessert. The combination of the two dishes creates a taste sensation that is sure to impress. Thai Grilled Chicken Grilled chicken, a staple in Thai cuisine, makes an excellent companion to mango sticky rice. The smoky and savory flavors of the grilled chicken harmonize with the sweet and creamy dessert, creating a satisfying and well-rounded meal. This pairing offers a delightful combination of flavors and textures. Pairing mango sticky rice with other Thai dishes allows for a diverse culinary experience that showcases the wonderful flavors of Thai cuisine. Whether you choose to pair it with a spicy curry or a tangy soup, the combination of mango sticky rice with other Thai dishes is sure to leave you wanting more. Mango Sticky Rice: A Taste of Thailand Indulge in the delightful flavors of authentic mango sticky rice, a beloved Thai dessert that perfectly embodies the rich culinary traditions of Thailand. This traditional recipe combines the natural sweetness of fresh mango slices with the creamy texture of sticky rice and the lusciousness of sweet coconut milk. Originating from Thailand, mango sticky rice has captivated dessert enthusiasts worldwide with its harmonious blend of flavors and textures. The combination of ripe, juicy mango slices with warm, sticky rice makes for a truly satisfying treat. To create this delectable dessert, the first step is to prepare the sticky rice. Known for its characteristic glutinous texture, sticky rice is the foundation of the dish. It is cooked until tender and infused with the flavor of sweet coconut milk. Once the sticky rice is perfectly cooked, it is carefully arranged on a plate and topped with fresh mango slices. The vibrant colors and juicy sweetness of the mangoes provide a refreshing contrast to the creamy rice. Mango Sticky Rice Ingredients: \| Sticky Rice \| Coconut Milk \| Sugar \| Mangoes \| To complete the dessert, a generous drizzle of sweet coconut milk is poured over the sticky rice and mangoes, infusing the dish with even more creaminess and flavor. The combination of the warm rice, fragrant coconut milk, and juicy mangoes creates a taste sensation that is truly unforgettable. The visual appeal of mango sticky rice is equally enticing. The bright yellow mango slices beautifully contrast against the white rice, creating a visually appealing dish that is almost too beautiful to eat. Whether you're enjoying it as a standalone dessert or as part of a Thai feast, mango sticky rice is sure to satisfy your sweet tooth and transport you to the vibrant streets of Thailand. Authentic mango sticky rice is undoubtedly a beloved Thai dessert, known for its irresistible combination of flavors and textures. This traditional recipe showcases the unique fusion of sticky rice, sweet coconut milk, and fresh mango slices that has made it a popular Thai dessert. Throughout this article, we have explored the key elements that make mango sticky rice so special. From the importance of using sticky rice to achieve the desired texture to the art of preparing sweet coconut milk, every step in the process contributes to the authentic experience. Whether you're indulging in this delightful treat in the bustling streets of Bangkok or recreating it in your own kitchen, mango sticky rice is a tantalizing taste of Thailand's rich culinary heritage. Its popularity as a beloved Thai dessert is a testament to its exquisite flavors and the joy it brings to those who savor it.
個人情報保護方針(15 June 2021) The US natural gas spot price at Henry Hub, Louisiana — the benchmark price reference for the US natural gas market and an important price reference in global gas trading — will average $3.07 per million British thermal units (MMBtu) in 2021, a 51% increase from the 2020 average, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). The agency attributes this year's price growth to rising liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports and increasing domestic natural gas consumption outside of the power sector. In 2022, Henry Hub prices are expected to decrease to $2.93/MMBtu due to slowing growth in LNG exports and rising US natural gas production. The World Bank, in its Commodity Markets Outlook, forecasts US natural gas prices to remain close to current levels over the rest of 2021, averaging $2.80/MMBtu, which marks a 39% rebound from 2020. The report cites global economic recovery, cold weather, and supply disruptions as the main drivers of the rebound in prices this year. The World Bank expects the other two benchmarks, European and Japanese natural gas import prices, to show different dynamics in 2021, with a steeper increase in European prices and a small decline in Japanese prices. The consensus forecast for 2021 from the four leading sources — EIA, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the Canadian Government — is $2.81/MMBtu, which is 39% higher than in 2020. See the charts below to compare forecasts from different sources and analyze supply and demand forces. Natural gas is widely used in energy generation, transportation, commercial, and household sectors, as well as in energy-intensive industries such as chemical, iron and steel manufacturing. The United States, Europe, Russia, and China, the top four natural gas consumers, together accounted for 53% of global consumption in 2019. Price forecasts for other critical commodities: gold \| silver \| copper \| aluminum \| nickel \| zinc \| coal \| crude oil The Energy Data Brief offers key statistics designed to help energy market watchers anticipate and respond to developments in the energy sector as well as changes in related industries and investments. (28 June 2021) Zinc prices showed 50% growth year-over-year in May 2021, an increase to $2,965 per metric ton from $1,975 in May 2020. The increase followed a two-year decline of 45% from the ten-year high of $3,500 in 2018. The price is currently 11.5% above the 5-year moving average — a figure analysts were not expecting, since zinc demand is declining in the era of COVID-19. Several key supply and demand drivers are playing a role. The upward price drivers are as follows: Disruption of zinc concentrate supplies due to the suspension of large zinc mines as a result of the... (9 June 2021) The aluminum price reached the value of $2,534 per metric ton on May 7th of this year, the highest price since the two-year high in April 2018. The consensus forecast for 2021 from three leading sources (the IMF, the World Bank, and Innovation and Science Australia, an advisory board to the Australian government) is $2,072 per metric ton. The rise in aluminum prices is a result of high demand in China and growing concerns that China's new climate policy, which focuses on greenhouse gas emissions reduction, could limit future supply of the metal. In 2020, China... The US shale production boom and recovery of global oil prices following the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 created an attractive environment for new LNG projects. But continued investment and the trade routes that emerge from contracts between producers and consumers are subject to change, as we are witnessing now in the context of the increasingly acrimonious trade dynamic between the United States and China. In August, China floated a 25 percent tariff on LNG imports from the United States in response to the mounting use of tariffs by the US Government against Chinese... (28 June 2021) Nickel prices were up 44% year-over-year in May 2021, from $12,179 to $17,577 per metric ton. Since the 13-year low in February 2016, nickel prices have been showing strong cyclical growth. The World Bank, in its commodity forecast report, estimated that nickel prices will fall to a low of $16,000 per metric ton in 2022, but they expect the average spot price for nickel will grow slightly further after the correction, reaching $18,000 per metric ton by the end of the year. The IMF's metal cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) report revealed an expected rise from...
Pure Graphene is a type of carbon material that has been discovered to have unique properties due to its exceptional strength and elasticity. Its synthesis method involves a process called chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is a method for creating thin layers of materials on a substrate using high-energy flames. (how was pure graphene synthesized) The first step in the synthesis process is to prepare a carbon source, such as a graphite mixture or a metal oxide compound. The carbon source is then introduced into an oxygen-rich gas stream, which creates a plasma. The plasma is generated by heating a chamber filled with metal atoms, which allow them to emit electrons. The resulting electron beam is directed onto the carbon source, causing it to bond with the metal atoms in the plasma and form a new layer of carbon. Once the first layer of graphene has been formed, it can be selectively grown over other layers using a technique known as intercalation. This involves introducing small amounts of another material, such as silver or palladium, into the graphene layer, which acts as a catalyst for the formation of new layers of graphene. The final step in the synthesis process is to remove the unwanted layers of graphene from the substrate using a process called etching. This involves exposing the graphene layer to an ultraviolet light source, which causes the carbon atoms in the graphene layer to break down and form smaller molecules. These smaller molecules can then be separated and collected for further processing. (how was pure graphene synthesized) Overall, the synthesis of pure graphene involves a series of steps that involve preparing a carbon source, introducing it into an oxygen-rich gas stream, forming a new layer of carbon, selectively growing additional layers, and removing unwanted layers. These processes require precise control over temperature, pressure, and gas composition to ensure the formation of high-quality graphene. Despite these challenges, scientists believe that pure graphene holds great potential for a wide range of applications, including electronics, energy storage, and medicine. Inquiry us
The northern part of Malaysia will experience a Wang Kelian Bird Race in Perlis, supposedly happening at the end of October 2023 (Update: 27-29 October). At the time of writing this article, there has been no information about this birdwatching event. However, Birdwatching Asia has heard some rumours about this birding event that is supposed to take place up north, at the smallest state in Malaysia, bordering Southern Thailand. Update: This event is now called the Northernmost Bird Race in Malaysia. Wang Kelian Bird Race in Perlis For now, it is unsure if the official name will be the Perlis Bird Race or Wang Kelian Bird Race, where the area is located at the foot of the karstic Nakawan Range and was once known as a famous border town market and also has a small border crossing area into Thailand. Update: The event is now called the Northernmost Bird Race in Malaysia and is held from 27-29 October at the Dewan Serbaguna, Taman Negeri Perlis or Perlis State Park. This is a closed-door event, but if anyone is in the area, you are free to drop by. The event is also focusing on schools, but there is an open category for the bird race. The entire Perlish Bird Race will be heavily protocol, so expect a lot of speeches, VIPs and this and that. Below are several new photos for the event, which may be of interest to anyone heading there. Wang Kelian is also known to be the base area or meeting point for anyone visiting the Perlis State Park. In August of 2023, a sighing of a pair of Dusky Eagle Owls (Bubo coromandus) went viral on the birding social media community, which saw most birders and photographers scramble up there. This, in return, gave a little more publicity to Wang Kelian, as this part of Malaysia was known to be one of the least visited destinations. Bird watchers and photographers from the Klang Valley quickly made plans to travel up and see this owl. Also, there were mostly bird photographers from all over Malaysia who flocked up to get that 'lifer' shot of the Dusky Eagle Owl at the Wang Kelian View Point car park area. However, we at Birdwatching Asia did not attempt this as we are not bird chasers. So, after about two months of Dusky Eagle Owl photos being posted over and over on social media platforms, namely Facebook, the fad has now moved on to some other viral bird. But the publicity created was a plus point for the Wang Kelian Bird Race. How to Go to Wang Kelian? First, you need to drive up to Kangar, the capital of Perlis and from there, it takes approximately 30 minutes to drive to Wang Kelian. For first-timers, we recommend using Google Maps or Waze to key in Wang Kelian and follow the driving instructions. As the capital, this would be the best place to stay as there are hotels, Air BnB and homestays throughout Kangar. There are also all the general facilities available here. Birdwatching Locations in Perlis If you plan to visit this part of Malaysia, you might as well take advantage of the other birdwatching locations around Perlis, all short drives from Kangar. Obviously, if you plan to visit here, you must spend at least one night at least. Right now, we can only think of a few locations in Perlis for birding, which are; - Wang Kelian - Perlis State Park - Tasik Melati Recreational Park - Chuping Valley Migratory Birds Seen in Perlis According to some sources, several interesting migratory birds can be seen in Perlis from September to March, which include; - Bronze-Winged Jacana - Indochinese Roller - Siamese Pied Myna - Red Collared Dove - Racket-Tailed Treepie The information here has been edited, and I also added new photos as information for the bird race here in Wang Kelian. Again, this is mostly a closed-door event, which is on its trial, but if you are in the area, why not drop by? Hopefully, this birding event in Perlis will be made into a proper international-level birding event instead of just doing it like a local council-level low-key event. And for more info, you can check our list of birdwatching events and festivals in Malaysia. Whoever is organising the Wang Kelian Bird Race in Perlis, good luck and hope the event will be successful. For those of you who have not been here, when you have the chance, visit this beautiful place. The Wang Kelian View Point is one of the must-visit places in Perlis on a good day. Try not to go during the haze or rainy season, as it will be rather disappointing.
A Northland disability sector emergency response mentor says a better empowered disabled sector strengthens the community's collective resilience. Northland Civil Defence welfare co-ordination group member Nicole Ross spoke to about 300 people at the Northland Civil Defence Emergency Management Forum, held in Whangārei recently. Ross, emergency planner and response mentor for Northland's disability support services provider NorthAble, said an approach focused on enabling good lives for the disabled or tāngata whaikaha (people who are determined to do well) was important. It should drive civil defence emergency response involvement with the sector, Ross said. "That should be put at the front and centre of emergency management planning." This approach included focusing on self-determination, being mana enhancing and person centred. "We can prepare for civil defence emergencies and natural disasters but personal emergencies happen too," Ross said. Cyclone Gabrielle saw more than 60,000 Northlanders without power – some for up to two weeks. Ross said one example of preparation was to contact power providers if a disabled person's medication needed to be refrigerated. She said there was also the need for medication lists to be at hand. "And you should all have your NHI number in your grab and go bag," Ross told attendees at the forum. The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) website said preparation was important. "If you or someone in your whānau/family has special requirements or is disabled, you will need to include their needs in your plan for emergencies," it said. "People with mobility, hearing and visual impairments, and intellectual disabilities will need additional support, and it's important to take time to plan and prepare." NEMA and Ross cited Bay of Plenty Civil Defence's disaster preparedness for people with disabilities resource for those working with tāngata whaikaha on emergency preparedness. The resource said preparation and the amount of prior practice before a disaster would determine how much a person with a disability dealt with and recovered from disasters. Personal disaster preparation was a continuing process. It helped the disabled and their networks identify, get, develop, manage and maintain the information and resources needed to deal with a disaster, it said. "Prepare yourself based on the capabilities and limitations you believe you will have after the disaster. "Also keep in mind that your usual ways of support and assistance may not be available to you for some time during an evacuation and after the disaster," the resource said. An emergency list should be put together. "Make an emergency information list that you and your network can use. "This list will let others know who to call if they find you unconscious, unable to speak or they need to help you evacuate quickly. "Besides emergency out-of-town contacts, your list should include the names and numbers of everyone in your network." the resource said.
Download Temperamentos Transformados by Tim LaHaye in PDF Format Temperamentos Transformados: How to Change Your Personality with Tim LaHaye's Book Do you know what your temperament is? Do you struggle with your emotions, relationships, or self-esteem? Do you want to learn how to transform your temperament and become a better person? Tim Lahaye Temperamentos Transformados Pdf Free If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you might be interested in reading Temperamentos Transformados, a book by Tim LaHaye, a pastor and writer who has helped millions of people understand and improve their personalities. What is Temperamentos Transformados? Temperamentos Transformados is a book that explains the four main types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. These temperaments are based on the ancient theory of the four humors, which states that each person has a dominant fluid in their body that influences their behavior and mood. According to Tim LaHaye, each temperament has its strengths and weaknesses, and can be influenced by factors such as upbringing, environment, and spiritual life. He also shows how God can transform the flaws of each temperament and help us develop the fruits of the Spirit, such as love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Why should you read Temperamentos Transformados? Temperamentos Transformados is a book that can help you in many ways. Here are some of the benefits of reading it: You will discover your own temperament and learn how it affects your thoughts, feelings, actions, and reactions. You will understand the temperaments of other people and learn how to communicate and relate with them better. You will learn how to overcome the negative aspects of your temperament and develop the positive ones. You will learn how to grow spiritually and become more like Christ. You will find practical tips and exercises to apply the principles of the book in your daily life. How can you get Temperamentos Transformados? If you are interested in reading Temperamentos Transformados, you can download it for free in PDF format from various online sources. You can also buy a physical copy from online or offline bookstores. You can also listen to an audio version of the book or watch a video series based on it. No matter how you choose to access Temperamentos Transformados, you will find it a valuable resource for your personal growth and happiness. You will discover how God can transform your temperament and make you a new creation in Him. What are the four temperaments? According to Tim LaHaye, the four temperaments are: Sanguine: The sanguine temperament is characterized by being cheerful, optimistic, outgoing, friendly, talkative, and fun-loving. Sanguines are usually popular and charismatic, but they can also be impulsive, restless, superficial, and forgetful. Choleric: The choleric temperament is characterized by being confident, ambitious, decisive, assertive, and goal-oriented. Cholerics are usually natural leaders and achievers, but they can also be domineering, impatient, aggressive, and insensitive. Melancholic: The melancholic temperament is characterized by being thoughtful, analytical, creative, loyal, and perfectionist. Melancholics are usually deep and sensitive, but they can also be pessimistic, moody, critical, and self-critical. Phlegmatic: The phlegmatic temperament is characterized by being calm, stable, reliable, cooperative, and easygoing. Phlegmatics are usually peacemakers and mediators, but they can also be lazy, passive, indifferent, and indecisive. How can you identify your temperament? One of the ways to identify your temperament is to take a test that measures your preferences and tendencies in different situations. Tim LaHaye provides such a test in his book Manual del Temperamento, which you can download for free in PDF format from Google Sheets. The test consists of 40 questions that ask you to choose between two options that best describe you. After completing the test, you can score yourself and find out your dominant and secondary temperaments. How can you transform your temperament? Tim LaHaye believes that no temperament is better or worse than another, but that each one has its own strengths and weaknesses that need to be balanced and transformed by God's grace. He suggests some steps to transform your temperament: Acknowledge your temperament and its characteristics. Accept yourself as God's creation and love yourself as He loves you. Surrender your temperament to God and ask Him to change you according to His will. Study the Bible and learn from the examples of people who had different temperaments. Pray and ask God for wisdom and guidance in dealing with your temperament challenges. Practice the fruits of the Spirit in your daily life and relationships. Seek feedback and support from others who can help you grow and improve. By following these steps, you can experience the power of God's transformation in your life and become a more mature and balanced person. What are some examples of people with different temperaments in the Bible? Tim LaHaye provides many examples of people with different temperaments in the Bible and how they were used by God for His purposes. Here are some of them: Peter: Peter was a sanguine who was enthusiastic, impulsive, and courageous. He was the first to confess Jesus as the Messiah, but he also denied Him three times. He was a leader of the early church, but he also made mistakes and needed correction. He was transformed by God's grace and became a powerful preacher and martyr. Paul: Paul was a choleric who was passionate, ambitious, and zealous. He was a persecutor of Christians, but he also became a missionary and an apostle. He wrote many letters to the churches, but he also had conflicts and disagreements with others. He was transformed by God's grace and became a humble servant and a faithful witness. Moses: Moses was a melancholic who was thoughtful, creative, and loyal. He was a prince of Egypt, but he also fled to the wilderness. He was called by God to lead His people, but he also felt inadequate and reluctant. He was transformed by God's grace and became a great leader and a friend of God. Abraham: Abraham was a phlegmatic who was calm, stable, and obedient. He was called by God to leave his country and his family, but he also waited patiently for God's promises. He was blessed by God with a son, but he also offered him as a sacrifice. He was transformed by God's grace and became the father of faith and the friend of God. Temperamentos Transformados is a book that can help you discover your temperament and how to transform it with God's help. You can download it for free in PDF format from various online sources or buy a physical copy from bookstores. You can also access other resources based on the book, such as audio or video series. By reading Temperamentos Transformados, you will learn how to understand yourself and others better, how to overcome your weaknesses and develop your strengths, how to grow spiritually and become more like Christ, and how to live a happier and more fulfilling life. ca3e7ad8fd
Spectral Functions in QFT111Notes of a series of talks given in February and April, 2015 at CEFyMAP, UNACH (Tuxtla Gutiérrez, México) and at IFLP, UNLP/CONICET (La Plata, Argentina) as part of the project ME/13/16 (MINCyT and CONACYT). We present a pedagogical exposition of some applications of functional methods in quantum field theory: we use heat-kernel and zeta-function techniques to study the Casimir effect, the pair production in strong electric fields, quantum fields at finite temperature and beta-functions for a self-interacting scalar field, QED and pure Yang-Mills theories. The more recent application to the UV/IR mixing phenomenon in noncommutative theories is also discussed in this framework. 1 Introduction These lecture notes are intended to illustrate in a simple manner how spectral functions, viz. heat-trace and -function, are used to compute leading quantum corrections to physical quantities in field theory. The applications we consider are well-known and have been studied with one approach or another in most textbooks in Quantum Field Theory. Our main purpose is to readily provide, through a few plain examples, the basic tools of functional methods in field theory. Quantum effects in a particular field theory can be read from the spectrum of a certain differential operator. The effective action, for example, is given by the determinant on the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of an unbounded operator. This "infinite" determinant can be written in terms of a divergent series. Fortunately, several criteria exist which allow us to unambiguously determine the sum of some divergent series. This procedure of assigning a finite value to a divergent series is equivalent to the "regularization" of the UV-divergencies that occur in the computation of one-loop Feynman diagrams. The functional method described in the present notes defines the value of a divergent series in terms of analytic extensions in the complex plane, the so-called "-function regularization". The heat-kernel (or the corresponding heat-trace) is a mathematical tool closely related to the -function which serves as a complementary regularization scheme. After introducing the heat-trace, the -function and the main relation between them (section 2), we give an example where a -function is used to determine the value of some particular divergent series (section 3). To show a physical consequence of this definition, we study the Casimir effect in its simplest version (sections 4 and 5). We also give an interpretation of this definition of divergent sums by comparing the -function method with the regularization in terms of a general cutoff function (section 6). Some relation between the use of analytic extensions and classical definitions of divergent series (Cesàro, Abel and Borel summability) is illustrated with examples in appendix A. Next we introduce one of the most powerful results in the theory of spectral functions: the asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace (section 7); this expansion allows us to write a general expression for the effective action in terms of the Seeley-de Witt coefficients. As an example, we compute the -function of a real scalar field with a quartic self-interaction (section 8). The equivalence between the heat-trace and the -function regularizations is then understood from the point of view of renormalization theory in QFT (section 9). The heat-trace can be used, in particular, to study the effect of quantum oscillations of an electron/positron system in constant magnetic or electric backgrounds. In this context, we compute the -function of QED and the rate of pair production in the presence of strong electric fields (section 10). Our last examples consist in the computation of the -function of Yang-Mills theories through the straightforward application of the heat-trace asymptotic expansion (section 11), of thermodynamical quantities in field theory at finite temperature (section 12) and the propagator in a noncommutative field theory, whose nonplanar contribution exhibits the UV/IR mixing effect (section 13). For the sake of clarity, we have chosen the simplest cases leaving aside any complexity which could obscure the presentation. Furthermore, the main mathematical results are stated without a detailed description of the assumed hypotheses, or a rigourous mathematical proof. As a compensation for these omissions we expect to provide –through quite explicit examples– the tools for a succinct calculation of these well-known quantum effects in field theory. 2 Heat-trace and -function Heat-kernel and -function techniques deal with the calculation of the following related sums: (2.1) \| where , with large enough and are eigenvalues of some positive definite (differential) operator, i.e., (2.2) \| In general, represents a multi-index or even a continuous variable that characterizes the eigenstate. Of particular interest are the expansion of the first sum (heat-trace) for small and the analytic extension of the second sum (-function) to the whole complex -plane. Let us begin by considering a second order differential operator acting on a Hilbert space of functions ; take, for example, the one-dimensional Laplacian (2.3) \| acting on the space of square integrable functions on the interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions . Let us then assume that has an orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions of with eigenvalues In our example, the normalized eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional Laplacian (2.4) \| have eigenvalues (2.5) \| which, as expected, grow to infinity with . The heat-trace can now be defined as (2.6) \| for . In our example (2.7) \| which can be written in terms of a Jacobi theta-function, (2.8) \| Since the operator of our example does not have a zero mode, the heat-trace decreases exponentially as . More important to us is that, due to the infinite dimensionality of the Hilbert space, the heat-trace diverges for small ; the general behaviour of the heat-trace for small is established in section (7). The -function is defined as (2.9) \| if is large enough, or as its (unique) analytic extension if not. In our example, (2.10) \| where is known as the Riemann -function, and defined as (2.11) \| for , or as its analytic extension otherwise. As a function on the whole complex plane has a unique simple pole at and vanishes at negative even integers; B. Riemann conjectured333"Hiervon wäre allerdings ein strenger Beweis zu wünschen; ich habe indess die Aufsuchung desselben nach einigen flüchtigen vergeblichen Versuchen vorläufig bei Seite gelassen, da er für den nächsten Zweck meiner Untersuchung entbehrlich schien" [1]. that any other zero of must be located at the line . We can now derive a very useful relation between both spectral functions. Applying the relation (Mellin transform) (2.12) \| to each eigenvalue and performing the sum over the whole spectrum of we obtain (2.13) \| This expression allows us to compute the analytic extension of the -function from the asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace for small values of . 3 Example: the Riemann -function As an example of the concepts of the previous section, let us consider the case in which the eigenvalues of the operator are given by The corresponding -function is then the Riemann -function , defined as the analytic extension of the series given by (2.11), which is convergent for . In order to study its analytic extension to the whole complex plane we compute the corresponding heat-trace (3.1) \| and use Mellin transform, given by (2.13), to write (3.2) \| As expected, the integral is well-defined only for ; otherwise it diverges at . In fact, the analytic extension of to the rest of the complex plane is determined by the behaviour of the heat-trace for small values of . Therefore, we separate the integral at large values of (say ) from small values of (then ) and use for the latter the expansion [2] (3.3) \| which is actually valid for ; are the Bernoulli numbers. After integrating this powers series in the interval we obtain (3.4) \| Although the previous manipulations are only valid for , expression (3.4) now gives the analytic extension of to the whole complex plane: the first term between brackets is an entire function whereas the series in the second term is analytic for all , except where it presents simple poles –namely, at and at all negative integers. However, since the term vanishes at negative integers then the Riemann -function has a unique pole at , the residue being . The term also facilitates the determination of at each negative integer, which is given by the corresponding residue of the expression in brackets. For instance, at only the term in the series corresponding to gives a nonvanishing value, (3.5) \| Since the value of at a negative integer is proportional to and Bernoulli numbers of odd order vanish –except from – then the Riemann -function vanishes at even negative integers; these are the trivial zeroes of . On the contrary, at odd negative integers , so that, e.g., (3.6) \| In summary, expression (2.11) is only valid for but it suffices to define in the whole complex plane as its unique analytic extension. In the -function regularization scheme, the analytic extensions we have just computed are used to define the sum of the following divergent series: (3.7) \| \|\|\|\| (3.8) \| \|\|\|\| (3.9) \| Certainly, any definition might seem uncanny insofar as it assigns a vanishing or even a negative value to a sum of positive terms. In section 6 –where we regularize these divergent series with a smooth function of compact support– we will understand how these unexpected values appear after subtracting the infinite contribution originated by the removal of the cutoff. In appendix A a comparison between analytic extensions and other definitions of divergent sums is sketched. 4 Application: vacuum energy of a particle in a ring Before giving an insight into this intriguing regularization of divergent sums, we apply the results they provide to the calculation of a physical quantity, namely the vacuum energy of a ring generated by the quantum oscillations of the field of a scalar particle. Later, in section 5, we will compute the vacuum energy in a more realistic setting where the predictions of the -function regularization have been experimentally confirmed. Let us consider a massless scalar particle on a ring of radius . Its dynamics in the context of relativistic quantum mechanics is described by a wave function that satisfies (4.1) \| This equation has infinitely many stationary solutions which can be identified with an integer , (4.2) \| (4.3) \| and , due to periodicity in . From the point of view of classical mechanics, each of these solutions with momentum and positive energy is a travelling wave that can also be considered as a normal mode of frequency of a system of infinitely many coupled harmonic oscillators. The quantization of the field is equivalent to the quantization of this infinite set of harmonic oscillators. As is well-known, due to quantum oscillations, the minimum energy of a single harmonic oscillator of frequency is given by . As a consequence, the minimum energy of the quantized field should correspond to the (infinite) sum of the ground state energies of all the normal modes of the system of coupled oscillators. In the language of quantum field theory, the space of physical states of the quantized field is spanned by vectors characterized by the number of scalar particles in each of the stationary solutions (4.2). In particular, there is a vector which represents the vacuum state, i.e., the state that describes the system in the absence of such particles. Surprisingly, although the total number of particles in the vacuum state vanishes, its energy is not necessarily zero. As explained above, in the case of the particle in a ring, corresponds to the infinite sum (4.4) \| which –interestingly– depends on the size of the ring. As a matter of fact, it is obvious from dimensional reasons that should be proportional to but we obtained for the proportionality coefficient a divergent series of positive terms; should it be a positive number? Is there a way to get some physical information from expression (4.4)? In the -function regularization described in the previous section, the vacuum energy is defined as (4.5) \| This result indicates that, even in the absence of the massless particle, the quantum oscillations of its vacuum state originate an attractive force under which the ring tends to shrink to zero size444This force could be considered as responsible for the smallness of compactified extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein models [3].. 5 Casimir force between two conducting plates In this section we will determine the Casimir force between two parallel plates; our purpose is to give some more details of the basic framework of quantum field theory, as well as to illustrate some usual manipulations regarding the computation of the analytic extension of the -function in terms of the asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace. Let us then consider a relativistic massive particle confined between two plates separated a distance in the -direction. In the context of relativistic quantum mechanics the particle is described by a wave function –with support in , and – that minimizes the action (5.1) \| These configurations therefore satisfy (5.2) \| where is the positive, second order differential operator in -dimensional space given by (5.3) \| In addition, we impose some, say Dirichlet, boundary conditions at and that represent the effect of the plates. Let us compute the spectrum of this operator. The normalized eigenfunctions of are given by555These eigenfunctions satisfy the following orthogonality and completeness conditions: (5.4) \| where and ; the corresponding eigenvalues can be written as , with (5.5) \| In consequence, stationary solutions to eq. (5.2) can be written as (5.6) \| Now, we are ready to obtain from the spectrum of the operator some physical information about the quantized field. In quantum field theory, the scalar field is given by an operator built from a superposition of the normal modes (5.6), (5.7) \| Now, equal-time canonical commutation relations between and its conjugate field lead to the following algebra of creation and annihilation operators: (5.8) \| This algebra can be represented in the Fock space generated by the repeated action of creation operators on the vacuum state , which is a vector annihilated by all . Moreover, from the classical action (5.1) one obtains the Hamiltonian of the quantized field, which corresponds –if written in terms of creation and annihilation operators– to an infinite set of uncoupled harmonic oscillators (the normal modes described in section 4). In fact, the vacuum expectation value of this Hamiltonian (per unit area in the directions parameterized by ) results (5.9) \| which, as mentioned in section 4, is the sum of the ground state energies of an infinite set of harmonic oscillators with frequencies . Expression (5.9) is of course ill-defined since the series and the integral are not convergent, due to the behaviour of for large and ; this is a manifestation of the UV-divergencies one encounters when computing quantum corrections in field theories. The -function method provides a regularization of this divergence by means of the following function of the complex variable : (5.10) \| where is the -function of the operator , defined as (5.11) \| for , or as its analytic extension otherwise. Note that, for dimensional reasons, we have also introduced a parameter as an arbitrary scale with mass dimensions whose physical significance will be elucidated later. Finally, by comparison with eq. (5.9), the vacuum energy is defined as the analytic extension of to . If the -function were analytic at this point of the complex plane then the vacuum energy would be –as one would expect– independent of the arbitrary scale , but this might not be the case. As we did in section 3 for the Riemann -function, in order to obtain the analytic extension of (5.11) we first compute the heat-trace of the operator , (5.12) \| where, after integrating in , we have rewritten the sum by using Poisson inversion formula, (5.13) \| because it makes explicit the divergent behaviour of the heat-trace for small values of the parameter . From relation (2.13) we obtain for the -function (5.14) \| It is important to remark that the terms in the heat-trace that decrease exponentially as give contributions to the -function that are analytic in the whole complex plane. In conclusion, has a simple pole at (due to the second term in (5)) and an infinite number of other simple poles at (due to the first term in (5)). In particular, it has a simple pole at with residue . The function can thus be written at as (5.15) \| where the finite part reads (5.16) \| As was already seen in expression (5.10), a pole in at brings forth a (logarithmic) dependence of the vacuum energy on the arbitrary scale . In the massless case, where the only dimensionful parameter is , the analytic extension of is finite at and thus -independent; therefore, the limit of expression (5.15) gives an unambiguous result for the vacuum energy (per unit area), (5.17) \| However, the simple pole of at for the massive case requires some additional physical prescription to define a renormalized vacuum energy. For instance, if the field is infinitely massive then quantum oscillations are blurred and, consequently, the vacuum energy is expected to vanish; thus an admissible procedure consists in removing (by a minimal subtraction) those terms in eq. (5.15) which do not vanish in the limit. After this subtraction we obtain for the vacuum energy of the massive field (5.18) \| Taking into account that the physical consequences of the vacuum energy are associated with its variation with the separation of the plates, one could also remove from expression (5.15) those terms which are independent of , as well as those linear in –which together with the vacuum energy in the space outside the plates give an -independent contribution of the vacuum energy of the whole space . The result obtained with this prescription is again given by expression (5.18). In conclusion, there must exist an attractive force (per unit area) between two Dirichlet-type parallel plates, that is originated by the quantum oscillations of the vacuum state of the field. Since the force is exponentially decreasing for massive fields, the most prominent contribution corresponds to the oscillations of massless particles. The pressure on the parallel plates is given by the variation of the vacuum energy with their distance, which for the massless case reads (see eq. (5.17)), (5.19) \| This pressure is represented in figure 1, as well as for the massive case (see eq. (5.18)), as a function of the separation of the plates. As the figure shows, at a plates separation of 1 m, massless fields originate a small pressure of the order of mPa; for a mass of the pressure decreases to this value666Nevertheless, this exponential decrease of the Casimir force with the distance for massive fields is not verified, in general, in the presence of curved boundaries., whereas it is completely negligible for masses of the order of MeV. This effect was predicted in 1948 by H. B. G. Casimir [4], who studied the attraction experienced by two parallel conducting plates due to the vacuum oscillations of the electromagnetic field777The vacuum pressure originally derived in [4] is twice expression (5.19) because of the two transverse polarizations of the electromagnetic field.. Already in 1958 this Casimir force could be experimentally observed [5]. Since then, much more accurate experiments have successfully measured the Casimir force in different settings [6, 7] and are used nowadays to test many theoretical models that take into account more realistic aspects, such as the finite conductivity of the boundaries, the roughness of their surfaces as well as the effect of temperature. 6 Cutoff regularization In the previous sections we have defined the result of a divergent series in terms of the analytic extension of the -function and we have found that this result leads to physical predictions –the Casimir force– that have been confirmed by very accurate experiments. Nevertheless, a physicist might be more familiar with the regularization of a divergent sum in terms of a cutoff function888Actually, H. B. G. Casimir used a cutoff function in [4], whose physical meaning he interpreted as the fact that for high energy virtual photons the conducting plates must become transparent.. In this section we will compare both procedures in order to become more familiar with the meaning of the definition in terms of analytic extensions. Based on Euler-Maclaurin formula (6.1) \| Ramanujan computed the value of a divergent series using an appropriate cutoff function [8]. We will depict his procedure by computing the same infinite sums which we have already computed using the (Riemann) -function regularization. Let then be a smooth, positive and bounded function with support in the interval and such that, for some , takes the constant value for any . If we apply Euler-Maclaurin formula to the function , for , we readily obtain (6.2) \| where the lower sign should be used only for the particular case . We conclude that if we replace the infinite sum of the -th powers of positive integers with the sum of the first terms –smoothed with a cutoff – we obtain an expression which, unsurprisingly, diverges as . However, this divergence can be isolated in a term which corresponds to the integral in Euler-Maclaurin formula (proportional to the -th moment of ). The remainder is a finite term which is independent of the cutoff and coincides with the value given by the analytic extension of the corresponding -function; Ramanujan claimed this term "is like the center of gravity of a body". In particular, for , we obtain (6.3) \| \|\|\|\| (6.4) \| \|\|\|\| (6.5) \| Note that after subtracting the leading (divergent) behaviour one obtains the values of the Riemann -function at . From this point of view, the analytic extension gives the difference between the divergent "smoothed" series and the corresponding "smoothed" integral. 7 Asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace Now we will state a very important mathematical result that describes the asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace for small values of . We have already seen that this expansion allows the computation of the analytic extension of the -function; in particular, it provides complete information of its pole structure. Let us consider a second order matricial differential operator acting on the space of -component functions . Such an operator defines a generalized heat-equation (or evolution equation in Euclidean time, if were a Hamiltonian) (7.1) \| whose solution –under some given initial condition – can be written in terms of the integral operator , called heat-operator (or evolution operator in Euclidean time), as follows, (7.2) \| If, as before, has an orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions of with eigenvalues , then the heat-kernel can be written as the series (7.3) \| and the heat-trace is (7.4) \| where represents the finite trace in the part of . As the proper time tends to zero the heat-operator tends to the identity operator in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, so the heat-trace diverges in this limit. The asymptotic behaviour of the heat-trace for small values of the proper time has important applications in QFT and has been systematically described for a quite general class of differential operators defined on smooth manifolds. It has been proved that, under quite general conditions, the following asymptotic expansion holds [9]: (7.5) \| where the Seeley-de Witt coefficients are integrals of local expressions of the coefficients of the differential operator (and the geometric properties of the base manifold in the case of curved spacetimes). If the base manifold has boundaries then the sum in (7.5) also includes positive half-integers . Nevertheless, in our applications we only need to consider the simpler case of the flat spacetime without boundaries . Let be the second order differential operator (7.6) \| where are matrix-valued functions that take values in . Then the first Seeley-de Witt coefficients of expansion (7.5) are given by the following expressions: (7.7) \| \|\|\|\| (7.8) \| \|\|\|\| (7.9) \| Since we are considering a non-compact base manifold, these integrals are in general ill-defined; one should consider instead the expressions corresponding to (7.5) –as well as to (7.7), (7.8) and (7.9)– for the local quantity or, alternatively, for the trace of the heat-operator but including a convenient smearing function. Yet, as long as we appropriately take into account the infinite volume contributions, we will be able to derive from these expressions the effective action of a field theory over the whole . The asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace, together with relation (2.13), allows us to determine the pole structure of the -function by the same procedure followed in section 3 for the particular case of the Riemann -function, (7.10) \| We conclude that, in general, the -function has simple poles at –except at negative integers, due to the cancellation with – and that the residues are given by the Seeley-de Witt coefficients. Moreover, the value of at a negative integer is given by (7.11) \| for even , but vanishes in odd dimensions. 8 The effective action In a field theory described by the classical action , the effective action is another functional of the field which –according to Feynman's quantization procedure– is obtained after averaging all field configurations with the weight . Since is measured in units of , the leading contribution to the effective action in an expansion in powers of is given by the classical action. In this section we will show that the first quantum correction is given by the functional determinant of a differential operator determined by the second functional derivative of the classical action. We will then describe how the spectral functions are used to compute this functional determinant and we will apply the asymptotic expansion of the heat-trace to characterize the UV-divergent terms in the effective action. With this procedure we will finally compute the -function of the self-coupling constant of a scalar field. We begin by defining the partition function and the generating functional –both depending on some arbitrary source – as (8.1) \| The mean field (also understood as ) in the presence of this source is (8.2) \| the functions and are thus called conjugate fields. Finally, we define the effective action as (8.3) \| where must be understood as implicitly determined by through the relation (8.2). From this definition it immediately follows the equation (8.4) \| In consequence, in the absence of the "external source" , the vacuum expectation value of the field minimizes the effective action , unlike the classical configuration of the field, which minimizes the classical action . Moreover, if we make a functional expansion of the effective action in powers of the field , the coefficient of the -th power of the field provides the (proper) scattering amplitude of particles. In this sense, the effective action describes the full behaviour of the system including all quantum effects. Now it is convenient to consider as an arbitrary configuration –determined by an appropriate – and to shift the integration variable as to obtain
Growing mint at home can be a rewarding and relatively simple endeavor, offering fresh leaves for culinary purposes, teas, and even for its aromatic qualities. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to cultivate mint indoors: Growing Mango from Seed2 days ago Rice Cultivation: Methods and Practices2 days ago Sustaining Urban Green Spaces2 days ago Choose the Right Variety: Mint comes in various types, including spearmint, peppermint, and chocolate mint. Select the variety that best suits your preferences and needs. Select a Suitable Container: Mint has a tendency to spread vigorously, so it's advisable to plant it in a container rather than directly in the ground to control its growth. Choose a pot that is at least 12 inches in diameter and has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Optimal Soil: Mint thrives in well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (6.0-7.0). You can use a high-quality potting mix or create a blend of equal parts garden soil, compost, and perlite or sand for improved drainage. Planting: Fill the chosen container with the prepared soil mix, leaving a few inches of space from the rim. Plant mint seeds or preferably starter plants, which can be purchased from nurseries or propagated from cuttings. If planting from seeds, sow them thinly on the soil surface and lightly cover them with a thin layer of soil. Sunlight Requirements: Mint prefers partial to full sunlight, so place the container in a location where it receives at least 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. However, mint can tolerate some shade, especially in hot climates. Watering: Mint requires consistent moisture but does not like to sit in waterlogged soil. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, allowing excess water to drain freely from the bottom of the container. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. Fertilization: Mint is not a heavy feeder, but you can fertilize it occasionally during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half-strength. Apply the fertilizer every 4-6 weeks to promote healthy growth. Pruning and Harvesting: Regular pruning not only helps control the plant's growth but also encourages bushier and more vigorous growth. Pinch off the growing tips regularly to encourage lateral branching. Harvest mint leaves as needed once the plant is established, typically after 8-10 weeks. Cut the stems just above a set of leaves to encourage new growth. Pest and Disease Management: Mint is relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but it may occasionally attract aphids, spider mites, or rust fungus. Keep an eye out for any signs of infestation or disease, and promptly treat them with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, or by removing affected parts of the plant. Container Maintenance: Mint plants may outgrow their containers over time, so it's a good idea to repot them every 2-3 years into slightly larger containers with fresh soil. Additionally, trim the roots if they become overcrowded to encourage healthy growth. Propagation: Mint is easy to propagate from cuttings. Simply snip a 4-6 inch stem from a healthy mint plant, remove the lower leaves, and place the cutting in a glass of water or directly in moist soil. Roots should develop within a couple of weeks, after which the cutting can be transplanted into its own container. Overwintering: Mint is a hardy perennial that can survive mild winters, especially if grown indoors. However, in colder climates, you may need to bring potted mint plants indoors or protect them from frost by covering them with a layer of mulch or moving them to a sheltered location. By following these guidelines, you can successfully cultivate mint indoors and enjoy its fresh flavor and fragrance throughout the year. Whether used in cooking, beverages, or simply for its aromatic qualities, homegrown mint is a versatile and rewarding addition to any indoor garden. More Informations Certainly, let's delve deeper into each aspect of growing mint at home: Choosing the Right Variety: - Spearmint (Mentha spicata): Known for its refreshing flavor, spearmint is a popular choice for culinary uses, such as flavoring salads, beverages, and desserts. - Peppermint (Mentha × piperita): Peppermint has a stronger menthol flavor compared to spearmint, making it ideal for teas, cocktails, and confections. - Chocolate Mint (Mentha × piperita f. citrata 'Chocolate'): This variety offers a delightful chocolate-mint flavor and can be used in desserts, hot chocolate, or as a garnish. Container Selection: - Choose a container made of terracotta, plastic, or ceramic that provides adequate drainage. - Ensure the pot is deep enough to accommodate the mint's root system and prevent it from becoming root-bound. Soil Preparation: - Mint thrives in loose, well-draining soil. Consider adding organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil structure and fertility. - Avoid heavy clay soils, as they can retain too much moisture and lead to root rot. Planting Depth and Spacing: - Plant mint seeds or starter plants about 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in the soil. - If planting multiple mint plants in the same container, space them at least 12 inches apart to allow for adequate airflow and prevent overcrowding. Sunlight Requirements: - While mint prefers full sunlight, it can tolerate partial shade, especially in regions with hot summers. - Indoors, place the container near a south or west-facing window to provide sufficient sunlight. If natural light is limited, consider supplementing with a grow light. Watering Schedule: - Water mint regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Aim to water the plant whenever the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. - Use a watering can with a fine rose attachment to avoid disturbing the soil and foliage. Fertilization Frequency: - Mint typically does not require heavy fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half-strength every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. - Avoid over-fertilizing, as excessive nitrogen can promote lush foliage growth at the expense of flavor. Pruning Techniques: - Regular pruning is essential for maintaining the health and vigor of mint plants. Pinch off the growing tips regularly to encourage branching and prevent the plant from becoming leggy. - Harvest mint leaves frequently to promote new growth and prevent the plant from flowering, which can diminish flavor and lead to a decline in quality. Pest and Disease Control: - Common pests that may affect mint include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. Monitor the plant regularly for signs of infestation, such as curled leaves or sticky residue. - Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control minor pest problems, or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings. - Mint is susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and rust. Ensure good air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering to minimize humidity levels and reduce the risk of disease. Harvesting and Storage: - Harvest mint leaves as needed once the plant reaches a height of 6-8 inches. Use sharp scissors or pruning shears to cut the stems just above a leaf node. - Store freshly harvested mint leaves in a plastic bag or airtight container in the refrigerator for up to one week. Alternatively, freeze mint leaves in ice cube trays or dry them for long-term storage. Propagation Methods: - Mint can be propagated from seeds, cuttings, or division. - Seed propagation is straightforward but may take longer to establish compared to other methods. - Stem cuttings root easily in water or moist soil and can be harvested from mature mint plants during the growing season. - Division involves separating mature plants into smaller clumps and replanting them in individual containers or garden beds. Overwintering Techniques: - In regions with mild winters, mint plants can be left outdoors year-round, provided they are protected from frost. - In colder climates, bring potted mint plants indoors before the first frost or cover them with a layer of mulch to insulate the roots. - Alternatively, propagate new plants from cuttings in late summer or early fall to ensure a fresh supply of mint for the following growing season. By following these additional guidelines, you can further enhance your success in growing mint at home and enjoy a bountiful harvest of fresh, flavorful leaves throughout the year.
As iconic as a red post box? The £200k electric vehicle charging point design that the Government wants to make a mark with is revealed - DfT commissioned the Royal College of Art to create a new charge point design - Legendary art school and PA Consulting handed a £200k grant for the project - Grant Shapps said the charge point should be 'as iconic as the Great British post box, London bus or black cab' - It has been revealed as part of the COP26 day dedicated to transport The Government has today unveiled its design for a new electric car charging point it hopes will 'become as iconic as the Great British post box, London bus or black cab'. Shown for the first time as part of the COP26 climate summit on Wednesday - a day dedicated solely to transport - the new charger has been created by the Royal College of Art and PA Consulting. Transport Secretary Grant Shapps, who owns a Tesla Model 3 electric car himself, said the concept 'prioritises inclusivity and ease of use and has been 'designed with consumers, local government, accessibility groups and industry'. As iconic as Britain's red post box and phone box? Transport Secretary Grant Shapps unveils the new EV charge point design he hopes will encourage more drivers to go electric The charger features a 'recognisable circular handset' and has been designed 'with user enjoyment in mind', say those behind the concept. An LED ring inside the handset glows white when the charger is available, turns green when removed from its holster and then blue when plugged into an electric vehicle. Dan Toon, PA Consulting Design Lead said: 'The end product needed to be functional, inclusive, sustainable, adaptable, affordable and finally, arguably most importantly for behavioural change, people had to love it.' The Royal College of Art and PA Consulting were handed a £200,000 grant from the Department for Transport's Office for Zero Emission Vehicles to pen a design that would become an iconic piece of roadside furniture that can be installed up and down the country. Ministers requested a roadside sculpture that makes them easy for drivers to spot but also incorporates 'British designs of old that are recognised the world over'. The Government says the new device will provide greater choice to industry and local government, as well as 'raise awareness and generate excitement around electric vehicles'. Britain has already set out its plans to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030, and oust hybrid models - which use a combination of batteries and motors with an internal combustion engine - five years later. The charger features a 'recognisable circular handset' with an LED ring inside that changes colour depending on if it is in use or not Grant Shapps had called for a standout piece of roadside sculpture that could 'become as iconic as the Great British post box, London bus or black cab' Shapps hopes the new charger will help the government achieve its aims to provide 'one of the most convenient, affordable and reliable charging networks in the world'. 'This builds on our goal to make sure everyone benefits from the transition to zero emission transport,' a DfT statement said. 'ZEVs [Zero Emission Vehicles] are already cheaper to run in the UK than petrol or diesel cars and are expected to become cheaper to buy in the coming years,' it added. Commenting on the new charger design, Shapps said: 'To support the transition to EVs, it's integral that we have the infrastructure to support it. 'My vision is for the UK to have one of the best EV infrastructure networks in the world, with excellent British design at its heart.' The Royal College of Art was handed a £200k grant by the DfT to pen a design that would become an iconic piece of roadside furniture that can be installed up and down the country Secretary of State for Transport Grant Shapps visiting the Design Museum in London to unveil the new car charging point designed by the Royal College of Art with PA Consulting Clive Grinyer, head of service design at the Royal College of Art, added: 'This design is a landmark in our journey to electric vehicles and zero carbon. 'We have listened to people around the country who asked to have a minimum impact on their streets, to ensure that it works well for disabled and all people and that we bring the UK's design and engineering talent to create an iconic design that we can all be proud of.' Shapps had previous said that 'excellent design plays a key role in supporting our transition to zero emission vehicles', which is why he called for the new devices to be 'as iconic and recognisable as the British phone box, London bus or black cab'. With MPs under pressure to ramp-up the installation of public charging devices to match the boom in sales of EVs - and develop a suitable infrastructure ahead of the ban on sales of new petrol and diesel cars in 2030 - the art school's creation could be seen on our roadsides by 2022. 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The Least and Most Stressful Cities Index 2021 Data study determines the most, and least, stressful cities in the world, analysing a variety of indicators across governance, environment, finance and health to compare how stressful the living conditions are for citizens. - The least stressful city is Reykjavik, Iceland, ahead of Bern, Switzerland and Helsinki, Finland. Mumbai, India, ranks as the most stressful city in the study, followed by Lagos, Nigeria and Manila, the Philippines. - Manila is the most densely populated city in the study, ahead of Doha, Qatar and Kabul, Afghanistan. - People living in Reykjavik, Iceland have the best air quality, followed by Edinburgh, United Kingdom and Wellington, New Zealand. The worst air quality was found to be in New Delhi, India, followed by Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Karachi, Pakistan. - Citizens in Oslo, Norway have the best access to healthcare, ahead of Sydney, Australia and Tokyo, Japan. - Tokyo has the highest score for its Covid-19 response, meaning that it had the lowest stress impact on its citizens. Bangkok and Montreal ranked second and third. Berlin, Germany, June 2021— VAAY.com, the CBD and well-being brand, has released a study which ranks cities by assessing how stressful their environments are for their inhabitants. As part of its mission to promote inner balance and mindfulness, the company decided to look into common external factors that make city-living stressful for urbanites. During this process, VAAY realised that it could directly compare multiple stress indicators in cities around the world to determine which cities are the least, and most, stressful for their citizens. The resulting index shines a light on the ever-present factors that influence a person's stress levels, and gives insight into which global cities perform best in different areas and can be an example for their peers. "Our objective with this study is to show what cities can achieve for their citizens through effective governance, robust environmental policies and well-resourced social welfare systems. The aim is not to single out the cities which may lag behind in any of these areas, but rather highlight those which are leading examples of what can be done to improve the wellbeing of their inhabitants," comments Finn Age Hänsel, Co-Founder of VAAY. "We hope that the results of the study serve as a useful barometer for cities and citizens alike to reassess their environments and work together towards developing cities that are less stressful places to live." How the study was conducted: To begin the study, VAAY considered which macro factors contribute to stress, narrowing them down to four broad categories. Next, over 500 global cities were assessed against a number of stress indicators in these categories, before those without reliable data were removed, leaving a final line-up of 100 cities. The study started with factors related to governance - assessing safety and security, and socio-political stability as indicators of how comfortable someone can feel in a city. In order to include stress indicators for all segments of society, levels of gender and minority equality were also scrutinised, as these demographics often have a higher chance of experiencing stress due to societal frameworks shaped by local laws and policy decisions. Following this, VAAY compared how stressful each city's urban environment is by looking at population density statistics in addition to air, light, and noise pollution levels, the amount of traffic congestion and weather conditions. These indicators were included in order to capture the stress-inducing effect of atmospheric contamination and extreme weather conditions, for example wildfires, heatwaves, and periods of extended darkness, which are strongly associated with both physical and mental health conditions. Next, a number of financial factors were evaluated, including unemployment rates, social security structures and local purchasing power. These indicators were included to reflect that economic problems are a cause of significant stress for many people, and have become increasingly widespread since the beginning of the pandemic. Data regarding the quality and accessibility of healthcare in each city was then collated, including the level of mental healthcare access. Finally, a Covid Response Stress Impact score was calculated by analysing how stressful the pandemic response of each government has been for its citizens in addition to its effectiveness. The study reveals which cities have the most stressful environments for their citizens, and which lead by example as the least stressful cities. Este es un extracto del comunicado de prensa completo. Dado que este documento excede el límite permitido por el correo electrónico, por favor visite este enlace para ver la versión PDF del comunicado de prensa completo: https://sweetspotpr.com/wp-content/uploads/Vaay/TMSC/MexicoCity.pdf. Por favor, tenga en cuenta que este comunicado de prensa es sólo para uso interno de los periodistas y no para su publicación directa. Si prefiere recibir el archivo como un archivo adjunto o un documento de Word, hágamelo saber y se lo enviaré en el formato solicitado. Para ver los resultados y la metodología completa del estudio, por favor consulte la página de resultados aquí: https://vaay.com/en/pages/stressful-cities-index
Increased BMI during adolescence predicts fatal cardiovascular events in adulthood - Date: - April 14, 2016 - Source: - Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Summary: - A nationwide study of 2.3 million Israeli adolescents, examined from 1967 through 2010, finds an association between elevated body-mass index in late adolescence, and subsequent cardiovascular mortality in midlife. - Share: A nationwide study of 2.3 million Israeli adolescents, examined from 1967 through 2010, finds an association between elevated body-mass index in late adolescence, and subsequent cardiovascular mortality in midlife. Overweight and obesity in adolescents have increased substantially in recent decades, and currently affect a third of the adolescent population in some developed countries. This is an important public health concern because obesity early in life is considered to be a risk factor for death from cardiovascular disease and from all causes in adulthood. Some studies suggest that an elevated body-mass index is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes. However, a determination of the BMI threshold that is associated with increased risk of fatality remains uncertain. (BMI is a calculation of a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters, to quantify body mass and enable categorization as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.) In light of the worldwide increase in childhood obesity, Prof. Jeremy Kark and Dr. Hagai Levine from the Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Faculty of Medicine, together with Dr. Gilad Twig of Sheba Medical Center and other colleagues in Israel, set out to determine the association between body-mass index (BMI) in late adolescence and death from cardiovascular causes in adulthood. Their study, which appears in The New England Journal of Medicine, was based on a national database of 2.3 million Israeli 17 year olds in whom height and weight were measured between 1967 and 2010. The researchers assessed the association between BMI in late adolescence and death from coronary heart disease, stroke, and sudden death in adulthood by mid-2011. During 42,297,007 person-years of follow-up, 2918 of 32,127 deaths (9.1%) were from cardiovascular causes, including 1497 from coronary heart disease, 528 from stroke, and 893 from sudden death. The results showed an increase in the risk of cardiovascular death in the group that was considered within the "accepted normal" range of BMI, in the 50th to 74th percentiles, and of death from coronary heart disease at BMI values above 20. The researchers concluded that even BMI considered "normal" during adolescence was associated with a graded increase in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during the 40 years of follow-up. This included increased rates of death from coronary heart disease, stroke, and total cardiovascular causes among participants. As BMI scores increased into the 75th to 84th percentiles, adolescent obesity was associated with elevated risk of death from coronary heart disease, stroke, sudden death from unknown causes, and death from total cardiovascular causes, as well as death from non-cardiovascular causes and death from all causes. Participants also had an increased risk of sudden death. The rates of death per person-year were generally lowest in the group that had BMI values during adolescence in the 25th to 49th percentiles, although higher rates were observed among those below the 5th percentile. How might adolescent BMI influence cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood? The researchers considered two possible pathways. First, obesity may be harmful during adolescence, since it has been associated with unfavorable metabolic abnormalities through risk factors such as unfavorable plasma lipid or lipoprotein levels, increased blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and formation of coronary and aortic atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, the timing of exposure to obesity during a person's lifetime may play an important role. Second, BMI tends to "track' along the life course so that overweight adolescents tend to become overweight or obese adults, and overweight or obesity in adulthood affects the risk of cardiovascular disease. "Our findings appear to provide a link between the trends in adolescent overweight during the past decades and coronary mortality in midlife," said the paper's senior author, Prof. Jeremy Kark of the Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine. "The continuing increase in adolescent BMI, and the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, may account for a substantial and growing future burden of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease." Story Source: Materials provided by Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference: - Gilad Twig, Gal Yaniv, Hagai Levine, Adi Leiba, Nehama Goldberger, Estela Derazne, Dana Ben-Ami Shor, Dorit Tzur, Arnon Afek, Ari Shamiss, Ziona Haklai, Jeremy D. Kark. Body-Mass Index in 2.3 Million Adolescents and Cardiovascular Death in Adulthood. New England Journal of Medicine, 2016; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503840 Cite This Page:
Why don't store-bought bread crumbs spoil? Can you make your own bread crumbs and save them for later use? Will homemade breadcrumbs mold? Bread – Why don't dry bread crumbs spoil, when bread does Best Answer Bacteria need a friendly environment to live. They can't survive without mosture. Mold tolerates more, but it needs moisture for life too. Bread is too dry a food, so it doesn't catch bacteria. This is why it can be stored outside the fridge. But if you live in a moderately humid climate, it can still be moist enough for mold to grow, especially if stored in a non-breathing package (plastic bag). Drying the bread to the point where this won't happen is possible, but it gets quite hard then. Examples for such dry bread are zwieback or finnish crispbread. Store bought breadcrumbs are dried to the point where they can't catch mold. This is why they can be stored for so long. If you make your own in the food processor, they will be similar to bread. Probably a bit better, because the bigger surface will let them dry quicker than bread. But if you want to be sure they will last, dry them. You can use a dehydrator or put them in the oven at the lowest temperature (usually.50 deg C) and hold them there for 4 - 5 hours. Related Topic - Bread – What kind of bread crumbs is being used here? (picture and video) - Bread – Crunchier breadcrumbs - Bread – using crumbs mixture multiple times [is it safe?] - Bread – I made white bread yesterday, and it smelled similar to sourdough…why would this happen - Bread – Whenever I put breadcrumbs on chicken breast, they turn out soggy and moist - Bread – Expired panko bread crumbs - Bread – What's the function of acerola powder in bread - Baking – Why not make sourdough bread from young starter
The Mai Mahiu Tragedy claimed 60 lives, leaving 30 people missing and displacing 46 households. But beyond the headlines of this heartbreaking event, a powerful story of hope emerged. Our team ventured into the heart of the Mai Mahiu Tragedy aftermath, where despair had settled. Yet, amidst the devastation, we discovered a beacon of light at the Ngeya Girls Secondary School IDP camp. There, the New Hope Sport Centre, dedicated to empowering young people, created a haven for children. In this playing area established for the Mai Mahiu Tragedy survivors, orphaned children found solace in laughter and games, displaying remarkable resilience. Recognizing the significant emotional toll of the Mai Mahiu Tragedy, a children's support program was initiated. This program, utilizing play therapy, provided a safe space for healing and processing the trauma. Witnessing the volunteers bond with the children impacted by the Mai Mahiu Tragedy was a testament to the power of human connection. While media coverage often focuses on the grim statistics and political narratives surrounding tragedies like the Mai Mahiu Tragedy, acts of kindness and solidarity often go unnoticed. New Hope Sport Centre and other organizations dedicated their time to offering companionship and support, a testament to the enduring spirit of the Kenyan people. This story serves as a powerful reminder that even in the darkest times, following a tragedy like the Mai Mahiu Tragedy, there is always light. It is crucial to amplify the voices of hope and resilience that rise from the ashes. The Mai Mahiu tragedy showcased the unwavering strength and unwavering kindness of the Kenyan people. Even in the face of immense loss, hope and compassion persevere.
Getting Smarter through Language Based on this lesson about complex subjects and subject-ver agreement, fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses, making sure it agrees with the simple subject. Next, indicate what the simple subject is. When you finished an item, click "Answer." Note. Your answers will not be submitted. When you leave this page, they will be deleted. The large number of students wanting to take Mr. Ecks's course (suggests/suggest) that he is an excellent teacher. The verb agrees with (the simple subject). The verb agrees with (the large) number. Some birds' ability to use tools (has/have) surprised many researchers. The verb agrees with ability. Participating in local events (is/are) a good way to make friends in your community. The verb agrees with Participating. Several findings in a recent study (has/have) shown how some language-learning apps can actually be beneficial. The verb agrees with (several) findings Reading a variety of topics in different sources (helps/help) improve students' reading fluency. All lakes and rivers in the area (has/have) overflowed due to the heavy rain. The verb agrees with (all) lakes and rivers Training young dogs (requires/require) a great deal of time and patience. The verb agrees with Training. Your lack of attention during our class meetings (has/have) resulted in poor grades. The verb agrees with lack. One of the many reasons you should learn statistics (is/are) to understand scientific studies. The verb agrees with one (of the many reasons). The number of students taking these courses (has/have) decreased dramatically in the last few years. The verb agrees with (The) number. Snap Language supporters make the creation of these materials possible. Learn how you can support our work, get perks, and help us continue creating high-quality materials.
Class details (subject to change) 45 minute class. 6 weeks. Cost $155 Topics to be covered; subject to change Education; re overexcitable behaviour around other dogs (or nervous behaviour etc), predictable teenage behaviour, Prep for real life (groomer, vets, medical treatment) behaviours getting worse before they get better. Problems solving Q & A. Handling, conditioning & desensitisation Mouth and body handling Examination skills (training to prepare your puppy for vet visits & grooming etc) Jumping up Loose lead walking Recall / come when called Basics of training – paying attention, body positions, manners – incorporated into games, tricks & obstacle course Games: this class involves more games to help training & to keep a puppy's focus. You will learn Games with your puppy which are fun and rewarding, and which will help you build a relationship with your dog based on trust and teamwork. Tricks: for health & body position training (& tricks to avoid)…. A variety of tricks for health; a fun way to effectively teach sit, stand, down and a lot more, including stretching, safety, & information on why some tricks & formal commands are not advised at this age. Meeting people & how to show manners & avoid jumping up. Meeting dogs; the best way to meet new dogs and puppies, building confidence & calming over exuberance, settle & recall combined. How is it different from stage 1? it is more age appropriate for puppies with the content, social experience and length of class. Stage 1 / general training can be continued after puppy level 2. We do cover approximately half the things from stage 1, possibly more. However we add more exercises to benefit the teenage puppies and building on social skills whilst on lead than we do in stage 1. Stage 1 will accept dogs of all ages. The pre requisite is that dogs must be social, however some people's view of social varies so occasionally we have dogs that are less suited to being around puppies. Rather than manage this and avoid contact we have introduced this new level of training to ensure it is safer and more relaxed with social opportunity during this period of time in your puppy's development. Though in saying that we don't just encourage people to come along and have their puppies play, tangle leads and develop bad habits; we prefer the social interactions to be managed so we guide the puppy & manage interactions through activities in class. How is it different form puppy class? Puppy class focuses on off lead socialisation, less formal training and more education for family members. This is on lead training in a social setting; this time using lead skills, and new skills of meet and greets with the aim of teaching more impulse control around other dogs and people, and helping puppies to improve their manners. Small class sizes ensure individual attention. Bookings via www.clevercreatures.com.au (dog training page or bookings and registration page) for puppy training or stage 1 training.
The imposing room resonated with the euphoria of a nation where everyone seemed, for the moment, to have left their differences behind. Celebrants spoke Zulu, Sotho, Tswana, Afrikaans and English. They were black and white, young and old, mining company managers and restaurant waitresses. They sang and danced together to songs blaring from the speakers. South African flags waved. They wore the same green and gold attire as their rugby heroes as they gathered at Johannesburg's Oliver Reginald Tambo Airport on Tuesday to welcome the team home after the French championship match. A bronze statue of Tambo with one hand raised stood amid the jubilation, as if he gave his blessing to a scene made possible by the work he did to overthrow apartheid. South Africa last week became the winningest country in the relatively short history of the Rugby World Cup, claiming its second consecutive crown and fourth overall. This nation of 60 million people has gone crazy ever since. The revelry will reach its peak over the next four days when the team begins a tour of the country, starting with parades through Pretoria, the executive capital, and Johannesburg on Thursday. "Unity," is how Maureen Mampuru, 43, black, described the impact of the victory for the country, a description echoed by Martin Peens, 60, white; Jacqui Vermaak, 56, white; Happy Mthethwa, 40 years old and black; Michelle Volny, 43, white; and Gloria Leshilo, 34 years old and black. The 2009 Hollywood blockbuster "Invictus" told the story of South Africa's first Rugby World Cup victory in 1995, just a year into democracy, and how it unified a racially divided nation. At the time, I attributed all the racial harmony the film portrayed to Hollywood romanticism. I thought there was no way a rugby victory would have had any real impact on the racial divide in a country that had just emerged from decades of legalized racism. But I've lived in South Africa for the past two years and experienced the thrill of watching the Springboks, as the team is called, win a world championship while cheering along with the country's rugby-obsessed population. I can report that the harmony produced by the success of the World Cup is not exaggerated. When the final whistle blew last Saturday, and South Africa had claimed a tense 12-11 victory over New Zealand, celebrations erupted across the spectrum of modern-day South Africa: from bars in the somewhat gritty townships of Soweto to the open-air square in a posh Pretoria shopping center to the bar where I watched the game in an affluent northern suburb of Johannesburg. There, the black and white fans enjoyed the victory together. Some hugged each other. Others shouted a popular Zulu song sung at sporting events: "They've never seen one like him!" "I'm reliving '95," Francois Pienaar, who captained the 1995 South African team, said in a telephone interview. For years, the national rugby team, by design of the apartheid government, had been seen as the exclusive domain of the minority. white of the country. But 1995 was the first time black fans gathered en masse around the team. "It's about more than just rugby," Pienaar said. "It's about a nation. It's about hope. "It is about building a future for everyone in our country." At the airport on Tuesday, a white family held up a sign that read: "Siya for President," a reference to Siya Kolisi, whose life reflects freedoms once unavailable to black South Africans. He is the first black captain of the national rugby team, he is in an interracial marriage and, after the victory, posted a video on Instagram of him and several white teammates singing a popular Zulu chant that essentially says they are brothers. That kind of coming together, especially around race, was similar to the 1995 John Carlin, the author of "Playing the enemy" the book that inspired the movie "Invictus," he said in an interview. That World Cup was basically the first time that black and white South Africans "were united in purpose and goal," she said, adding that "it was amazing to behold." But there are crucial differences between 1995 and now. Back then, many South Africans were brimming with hope that under a new democracy and a new president, Nelson Mandela, they could achieve shared success. "Winning the cup in 1995 set the stamp that we can work together if we listen to each other," said Mampuru, who works as an administrator for a political party. "If we respect each other, we can do much more together as one." Now, however, the population has had time to assimilate the numerous failures of the democratic promise of recent decades. Corruption, poor leadership and entrenched disparities from the apartheid era have left the country struggling with many crises. Electricity is not reliable. Unemployment and crime rates are high. Race continues to determine where many people live and their experiences in school. The country's problems are so enormous that, for many, this Springbok victory seems like a much-needed escape and has inspired celebrations that many believe are more intense than ever. After watching the game at the bar, I rolled down the windows of my car and drove slowly down a busy street on my way home late at night. Fans crowded both sides, wielding phones to capture the moment. All surveillance warnings about vehicle or mobile phone theft had apparently been forgotten. Everything felt comfortable. "We really hope this doesn't end with a little celebration for a week," Kolisi, the team captain, said after landing in South Africa. "He needs to do more." The ruling African National Congress, a once-vaunted liberation movement that has shouldered much of the blame for South Africa's current struggles, wasted no time trying to capitalize politically on the victory ahead of next year's national elections. The morning after the victory, the ANC issued a statement congratulating the team and applauding "the pioneering leadership of President Cyril Ramaphosa". Fikile Mbalula, a senior ANC official, wrote on Twitter that Mr Ramaphosa was the only "two-time Rugby World Cup winning president". Ramaphosa gave a nationally televised prime-time speech on Monday in which he congratulated the Springboks before going through a long list of his government's achievements and then declaring December 15 a public holiday. However, no amount of enthusiasm or pat on the back can hide the cold reality of South Africa's challenges. The day after the final, power outages to relieve the overstretched power grid returned for the first time in 10 days and have been repeated every day since. Four days after the game, the country's finance minister delivered a grim budget report that foreshadowed difficult spending cuts. When I asked a security guard in my neighborhood if he had seen the game, he flashed an exasperated smile. His neighborhood in a predominantly black township had been without power for two weeks, so she could only listen on his phone. But he ignored him. South Africa was number one in the world in something and that made him happy.
From Farm to Fork: Embracing Fresh Ingredients in Your Kitchen In the ever-evolving world of culinary delights, there's a movement that's bringing the heart of nature straight to our kitchen tables – it's the journey "From Farm to Fork: Embracing Fresh Ingredients in Your Kitchen." Imagine the crispness of just-harvested vegetables, the aroma of herbs plucked at their peak, and the vibrant colors of nature's bounty enhancing your cooking experience. This is farm-to-fork cooking, where the emphasis lies not only on creating delicious dishes but also on nurturing a deeper connection with the land and the flavors it offers. In this exploration of farm-fresh recipes and local produce, we invite you to embark on a culinary journey that celebrates the essence of cooking with the freshest, most vibrant ingredients straight from the source. Farm-to-fork cooking Farm-to-fork cooking is more than a trend; it's a philosophy that connects you with the origins of your food. It's about understanding the journey your ingredients take from the fields to your plate. By engaging in this practice, you not only support local farmers and the environment but also infuse your meals with a sense of authenticity that's hard to replicate. Embracing Fresh Ingredients At the heart of farm-to-fork cooking lies the celebration of fresh ingredients. When you embrace the bounty of nature, your dishes come alive with flavors that are vibrant and authentic. Experiment with fresh ingredient ideas to elevate your culinary creations – whether it's a burst of herbs in a salad or the juiciness of locally grown tomatoes in a pasta sauce, the possibilities are endless. Farm-Fresh Recipes Farm-fresh recipes are a testament to the seasonality and diversity of ingredients available to us. From hearty root vegetable stews in the fall to refreshing fruit salads in the summer, these recipes showcase the beauty of working with nature's rhythm. Allow the ingredients to shine by keeping the preparations simple and letting their inherent flavors be the star. Cooking with local produce, Kitchen-to-table recipes Cooking with local produce not only guarantees freshness but also nurtures a sense of community. When you source your ingredients from nearby farms and markets, you become part of a larger network that supports local economies and sustainable agricultural practices. Transform these local treasures into kitchen-to-table recipes that tell a story of the region's terroir. Fresh ingredient ideas Embracing fresh ingredients opens the door to a world of culinary creativity. Infuse your dishes with the flavors of the season – from using delicate spring greens in salads to incorporating root vegetables into comforting winter soups. Let your imagination run wild and experiment with combinations that tantalize the taste buds and offer a feast for the senses. Cooking with local produce Beyond the flavor and connection, farm-to-fork cooking is inherently sustainable. By supporting local farmers and reducing the carbon footprint associated with transporting food over long distances, you contribute to the well-being of the planet. It's a conscious choice that aligns with the values of mindful living and responsible consumption. Farm-to-fork cooking tips Farm-to-fork cooking isn't just about ingredients; it's a way of life that celebrates the connection between the land, the kitchen, and the table. Here are some essential farm-to-fork cooking tips to guide you on this journey: - Embrace seasonal ingredients that are at their peak of flavor. This not only enhances the taste of your dishes but also supports local agriculture. - Explore local farmers' markets and suppliers to discover the bounty of produce available in your region. Building relationships with local producers enriches your culinary experience. Fresh ingredient recipes When you cook with fresh ingredients, the flavors speak for themselves, making each dish a delightful experience. Here are a couple of fresh ingredient recipes that exemplify the beauty of farm-to-fork cooking: Tomato Basil Bruschetta: This classic Italian appetizer combines ripe tomatoes, fresh basil, garlic, and a drizzle of olive oil on toasted baguette slices – a burst of summer in every bite. Farm-Fresh Salad: Create a vibrant salad using a mix of leafy greens, colorful vegetables, and herbs, topped with a light vinaigrette that lets the ingredients shine. Embracing farm-fresh food Embracing farm-fresh food isn't just about the culinary experience; it's a mindset that appreciates the journey from soil to plate. When you choose farm-fresh ingredients, you're not just selecting produce – you're supporting a way of life that prioritizes authenticity and sustainability. Cooking with fresh produce Cooking with fresh produce is an adventure that leads to flavorful and memorable meals. Let's explore some farm-to-fork meal ideas that showcase the magic of using fresh ingredients: Roasted Vegetable Medley: Toss a variety of fresh vegetables like bell peppers, zucchini, and carrots with olive oil, herbs, and spices, then roast them until they're caramelized and bursting with natural sweetness. Herb-Infused Grilled Chicken: Marinate chicken breasts with a blend of fresh herbs, lemon juice, and garlic before grilling to perfection. Kitchen recipes using fresh ingredients The kitchen becomes an arena of creativity when it's stocked with fresh ingredients. Here are some tantalizing kitchen recipes that let the flavors of farm-to-fork cooking shine: Caprese Salad with a Twist: Elevate the classic Caprese salad by using heirloom tomatoes, fresh mozzarella, and fragrant basil, drizzled with balsamic reduction and a sprinkle of sea salt. Grilled Veggie Tacos: Create a medley of grilled seasonal vegetables like bell peppers, zucchini, and corn, and assemble them in warm tortillas with avocado slices and a dollop of tangy yogurt sauce. Embracing Local Produce in Your Kitchen Embracing local produce isn't just a culinary choice; it's a conscious decision that supports local farmers, reduces your carbon footprint, and reconnects you with the region's flavors. Here's how you can bring local produce to the forefront of your kitchen: Explore Farmers' Markets: Frequent local farmers' markets to discover an array of seasonal fruits, vegetables, and artisanal products that reflect the essence of your community. Join a CSA Program: Participate in a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program, where you receive a share of the harvest from a local farm. This introduces you to diverse and fresh ingredients you might not have considered before. Farm-to-Fork Culinary Experiences Embracing farm-to-fork culinary experiences means immersing yourself in the stories behind your food. These experiences not only provide nourishment but also create lasting memories. Here's how you can embrace the farm-to-fork ethos: Farm Visits and Tours: Attend farm tours and workshops to gain insights into the journey of your food, from planting to harvest. Chef Collaborations: Participate in farm-to-table dinners or culinary events where local chefs create exquisite dishes using ingredients sourced directly from nearby farms. Fresh Ingredient Cooking Techniques Fresh ingredients call for techniques that preserve their flavors and textures. Let's explore cooking techniques that let the essence of farm-fresh ingredients shine: Quick Blanches: Preserve the vibrant colors and crispness of vegetables by blanching them briefly in boiling water before incorporating them into your dishes. Raw Showcases: Experiment with raw preparations like salads, tartares, and ceviches to highlight the natural tastes and textures of fresh ingredients. Kitchen-to-Table Cooking Inspiration The journey "From Farm to Fork: Embracing Fresh Ingredients in Your Kitchen" culminates in the joy of sharing your culinary creations with loved ones. Here's how to infuse kitchen-to-table cooking inspiration into your meals: Family Cooking Rituals: Involve your family in the cooking process, encouraging a sense of connection and appreciation for the meal's journey. Seasonal Menus: Craft menus that change with the seasons, allowing you to showcase the freshest and most flavorful ingredients of the moment. As we conclude our gastronomic expedition "From Farm to Fork: Embracing Fresh Ingredients in Your Kitchen," we hope you've been inspired to forge a stronger bond between your cooking and the earth's offerings. By embracing farm-to-fork cooking, you're not just crafting meals; you're becoming a steward of the land, a guardian of flavors, and an artist who transforms ingredients into works of culinary art. Through every recipe that graces your kitchen, you're cultivating a deeper appreciation for the journey food takes from the farm to your fork. So, as you savor each bite of your farm-fresh creations, remember the stories and traditions woven into each ingredient, and let your kitchen become a canvas where nature's brilliance shines in every delectable bite.
Are you ready to dive into the intriguing world of reverse dieting? Good, because we're about to explore a dieting strategy that goes beyond the usual dieting norms. Can we be honest? Conventional diets often leave us feeling deprived, sluggish, and downright frustrated. Well, reverse dieting is here to flip the script. It's not about restriction; it's about nourishing your body and reclaiming your metabolism. What is Reverse Dieting? Imagine this: Instead of constantly decreasing your daily caloric intake, you gradually increase them. Crazy idea, right? Reverse dieting is the method of slowly reintroducing calories into your diet after a period of restriction. It's like throwing fresh timber on a campfire, reigniting your metabolism. While it may sound like reverse dieting is a sure-fire way towards weight gain, this technique, when done correctly, offers a lot of promise. The Metabolic Magic Think of reverse dieting like taking care of a campfire. Your metabolism is like the flames, and when you're doing reverse dieting, it's like adding small bits of wood instead of dumping a whole bunch at once. Each piece of wood that is thrown into the fire represents the food you eat. In the same way, your body extracts energy from these calories to fuel various activities – from basic bodily functions to intense workouts. As you carefully increase your calorie intake, the fire will also build. In the end, It's about being patient and letting the flame (metabolism) grow steadily, making your body healthier in the long run. Just as the quality of wood influences the strength of a fire, the nutritional quality of your food affects your metabolism. Nutrient dense foods are like high quality logs, burning steadily and providing sustained energy, while empty calorie snacks are like twigs - they burn fast but leave you wanting more. On the other hand, imagine neglecting your campfire - not adding logs for long periods of time. The flames dwindle, and the warmth fades. Similarly, drastic calorie cuts or prolonged fasting can send your metabolism into a 'survival mode', conserving energy and slowing down to preserve vital functions. If you've ever tried, and succeeded, you know that building a roaring campfire takes time and patience. Similarly, fostering a resilient metabolism requires a steady, consistent approach. Don't rush it; let the flames grow naturally. Metabolic Adaptation : the process by which the body adjusts its metabolism according to what we eat. One type of metabolic adaptation is known as the body's "starvation response." Obesity is a global health issue now (42% of Americans are considered to be obese in a 2017-2020 study), but it wasn't always that way. Starvation, on the other hand, has been a very real threat to humankind for hundreds of thousands of years. So when it comes to eating fewer calories, your body instinctively starts preparing for famine in several ways: Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) declines. That's the amount of energy you need to live when at rest. This reduces energy out. Exercise becomes more difficult because you have less available energy. If you've ever tried to do an intense workout on a low-calorie diet, you know what we're talking about. You also expend less energy through exercise because, as your body gets smaller, it doesn't require as much fuel - and your metabolism also adapts to make you more efficient. This also reduces the number of calories you burn through movement, resulting in less energy out. Daily activity outside of workouts lessens, resulting in reduced energy out from non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Digestion slows, so your body can absorb as many nutrients as possible. This increases energy in. Because of this response, someone who has dieted down may need 5 to 15 percent fewer calories per day to maintain the same weight and physical activity level as someone who has always been that weight. And if someone's lost an extreme amount of weight? The percent drop in calorie needs becomes more extreme, too. The Good News : Metabolic adaptation works both ways. If you gradually increase your caloric intake, your body will adapt in the other direction. This is known as adaptive thermogenesis, which basically means your body wastes calories as heat. When done properly, reverse dieting provides several metabolic benefits: BMR rises, resulting in more energy out. Workout capacity increases thanks to more available energy, increasing energy out. NEAT increases for the same reason, resulting in more energy out. Digestion returns to normal, so your GI tract is no longer squeezing every bit of sustenance from every morsel, decreasing energy in.
Super Foods for Stress Relief Zinc, magnesium, serotonin, dopamine … at first glance this article looks like it could have come out of a science lesson. It actually makes a great case for twelve foods we should look to add to our diet when we're feeling under pressure, and the good news is they're all tasty so you won't have to shut your eyes and hold your nose to get them down! Employee Wellbeing is as Important to the City as the Health of its Businesses Article written by the Lord Mayor of London which suggests training managers in stress management and wellbeing as one of the things business can do to help the health of their employees. Men Need to Open Up About Depression Not Man Up and Keep Quiet Honest and thought provoking article which begins with the stark statistic that suicide is now the leading cause of death in men under 50, and concludes that "We need to change the way we think about not only mental health, but also men, because it is actually stopping men get the help they need." The Best Teams Act Like Musicians Interesting article on what we can learn about communication and dealing with conflict from conductor-less musical groups. It covers nine areas, each section looking at the benefits the musicians gain and then relating how this could work in the workplace. Mental Illness on the Job How business can address the challenge of mental illness in the workplace A case study of Richard Boulet who was a successful architect before hitting rock bottom, "In retrospect, I was drinking my life away in order to numb the pain, and I had no idea what was happening to me other than I couldn't function." … and finally … This video may mean investing 1minute and 18seconds of your life that you won't get back but it imparts an important message that most of us need to be reminded of and for that reason, in our opinion, it is worth every second – watch it here. Recent articles on our blog.... Workplace wellbeing resources – some helpful recent additions Our latest collection of external resources to help workplace wellbeing includes guidance and recommendations relating to a range of topics – autism employment, ensuring EDI is for everyone, information sharing in mental health emergencies at work, menopause in the workplace and women at work. Read More →Why we should focus on minimising employee illbeing to aid workplace wellbeing This post begins with some research which concludes that efforts to improve wellbeing at work are directed too narrowly. It then goes on to highlight some courses that can help employers looking to minimise employee illbeing in the workplace. They present opportunities to explore strategies that can enhance a culture of psychological safety and trust. Read More →Moving more at work for our mental health In line with the theme for this year's Mental Health Awareness Week, we offer some simple suggestions for building movement into our working day. Read More →Testimonials Our purpose is to provide training and consultancy services to enhance resilience, health and wellbeing in the workplace. Differentiation is one of the most strategic and tactical activities in which companies most constantly engage It's natural to have questions about training and how it fits with your organisation. Our FAQs can help you find out more. View case studies for some of the in-house training courses we have delivered to different types of organisations across the UK.
The student councillors discussed the importance of recycling to help maintain a clean environment in order for everyone to enjoy being active in the outdoors. A sustainability program was introduced and gradually over the year different forms of recycling have been implemented into the school. The student councillors promote the different forms of recycling via a weekly public announcement over the PA to all classes. Connect is also used to advertise to the community the different types of recycling we have introduced in the school. A designated area outside the front office is utilised for collection of recycling materials. Not only does this reduce waste in the environment it teaches the students the importance of caring for our environment to enable us to have areas to swim, walk etc. Honeywood Primary School is an accrediated Waste Wise School. This story is related to Write an article in your School newsletter - Term 4 Discuss this story 1 Comments Please login to commentJames (Your Move) I'm glad Honeyood is involved in Waste Wise as well and Your Move. Your students are clearly on the way to being upstanding environmental citizens! At this stage though I can't give you any YM points as the newsletter story doesn't relate directly to active travel. Report comment
- Good Delivery The Good Delivery specification is a set of rules issued by the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) describing the physical characteristics of gold and silver bars used in settlement in the wholesale London bullion market. It also puts forth requirements for listing on the LBMA Good Delivery List of approved refineries. Good Delivery bars are notable for their large size and high purity. They are the type normally used in the major international markets (Hong Kong, London, New York, Sydney, Tokyo, and Zurich) and in the gold reserves of governments, central banks, and the IMF. The Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars The entire Good Delivery specification is contained in the LBMA document titled The Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars: Specifications for Good Delivery Bars and Application Procedures for Listing. The document includes specific requirements regarding the fineness, weight, dimensions, appearance, marks, and production of gold and silver bars. It specifies procedures for weighing, packing, and delivery. It also describes policies for ensuring refiners' compliance with the specifications. The current edition of the Good Delivery Rules was published in June 2011. Basic specifications Gold bars - Fineness: minimum of 995.0 parts per thousand fine gold - Marks: serial number, refiner's hallmark, fineness, year of manufacture - Gold content: 350 oz t - 430 oz t - Recommended dimensions - Length (top): 210 – 290 mm - Width (top): 55 – 85 mm - Height: 25 – 45 mm Silver bars - Fineness: minimum of 999.0 parts per thousand silver - Marks: serial number, refiner's hallmark, fineness, year of manufacture, weight (optional) - Silver content: 750 oz t - 1100 oz t (900 oz t - 1050 oz t recommended) - Recommended dimensions - Length (top): 250 – 350 mm - Width (top): 110 – 150 mm - Height: 60 – 100 mm Non-Good Delivery Bars that do not comply with Good Delivery rules are termed Non-Good Delivery. If they are similar to Good Delivery bars but do not fully meet the requirements, they must be stamped with "NGD" to distinguish them from conforming bars. LBMA Good Delivery List The LBMA maintains two Good Delivery Lists of approved refineries (one for gold and one for silver) that meet certain minimum criteria (age, net worth, and production volume) and have demonstrated their ability to produce Good Delivery bars. Listed companies agree to submit to monitoring by the LBMA. Those listed companies that refuse to participate in regular monitoring are removed from the Good Delivery List and added to the Former List. The LBMA claims copyright over the Good Delivery List. See also - Gold as an investment - Silver as an investment - Gold reserve - Gold bar - Doré bar - Gold standard - Silver standard - Refining (metallurgy) External links Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
The Benefits of Using a Light Therapy Mask Understanding Light Therapy Light therapy, also known as phototherapy, is a form of treatment that uses specific wavelengths of light to promote healing and rejuvenation in the body. This non-invasive approach has gained popularity in recent years due to its numerous benefits and wide range of applications. Light therapy can be delivered through various devices, including light therapy masks, which have become increasingly popular among individuals seeking to improve their skin health and overall well-being. Convenience and Accessibility One of the key advantages of using a light therapy mask is its convenience and accessibility. Unlike other forms of light therapy, which may require visits to a specialized clinic or practitioner, light therapy masks can be used in the comfort of one's own home. This means that individuals can easily incorporate light therapy into their daily routines without having to make extra time-consuming appointments or travel to a specific location. Light therapy masks are also relatively compact and portable, making them easy to bring along during vacations or business trips. Treating Acne and Blemishes Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can be caused by various factors, including hormonal imbalances, bacteria, and inflammation. Light therapy masks, particularly those using blue and red light wavelengths, have shown promising results in treating acne and reducing the appearance of blemishes. Blue light works by targeting the bacteria that contribute to acne formation, while red light helps to calm inflammation and promote healing. By using a light therapy mask regularly, individuals may experience clearer and healthier skin. Reducing Signs of Aging As we age, our skin naturally undergoes changes, including the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots. Light therapy masks that utilize red and near-infrared light wavelengths have been shown to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity, effectively reducing the signs of aging. Increased collagen levels can help to plump the skin, diminish the appearance of wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. By incorporating light therapy into their skincare routine, individuals may be able to achieve a more rejuvenated and youthful appearance. Boosting Mood and Energy Light therapy masks not only benefit the skin but also have a positive impact on mood and energy levels. Natural sunlight plays a crucial role in regulating our body's internal clock and production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. However, many individuals spend the majority of their time indoors, especially during the winter months. Light therapy masks that emit bright light, mimicking natural sunlight, can help to alleviate symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and boost mood and energy. Regular use of a light therapy mask can promote a more positive outlook and increased productivity. Improving Sleep Quality Proper sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. However, many individuals struggle with sleep-related issues, such as insomnia or disruptions in their natural sleep-wake cycle. Light therapy masks that emit warm, amber light wavelengths can help to regulate the body's melatonin production, a hormone that controls sleep and wakefulness. By using a light therapy mask in the evening, individuals can signal their body to wind down and prepare for restful sleep. Improved sleep quality can lead to increased energy, improved cognitive function, and a stronger immune system. Discover more pertinent details about the topic in this recommended external site. https://www.beautypwr.se, access additional details and new perspectives that will complement your reading and knowledge of the topic. Light therapy masks offer numerous benefits in terms of convenience, skin health, mood enhancement, and sleep improvement. Whether one is seeking to improve their skin complexion, combat signs of aging, or promote overall well-being, incorporating light therapy into their daily routine through the use of a light therapy mask can be an effective and accessible solution. As with any form of therapy, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist before starting a light therapy regimen to determine the most suitable treatment plan and ensure optimal results. Access the related posts to deepen your knowledge on the subject: Understand more with this useful link Click for more related information
Oral health is the cornerstone of our overall well-being, impacting our daily abilities to chew, speak, and even our self-esteem. Within the realm of oral health, two common adversaries emerge: tooth cavity vs. stain. These dental foes can wreak havoc on our teeth and molars, affecting both their functionality and aesthetics. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into the scientific nuances of cavities and stains, understanding their origins, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. Key Takeaways - Oral Health is Essential: Maintaining good oral health is fundamental to our overall well-being, affecting our ability to chew, speak, and our self-esteem. - Cavities are Caused by Bacteria: Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, result from bacteria in the mouth feeding on sugars and producing acid that can erode tooth enamel. - Symptoms of Cavities: Common symptoms of cavities include toothaches, sensitivity to temperature changes, visible holes in teeth, and discoloration. - Preventing Cavities: Preventing cavities involves good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing, flossing, dental check-ups, and limiting sugary and starchy foods. - Treatment for Cavities: The treatment for cavities varies based on their severity and can include dental fillings, crowns, or root canals to restore the tooth's structure. - Types of Tooth Stains: Tooth stains can be categorized as extrinsic (on the surface) and intrinsic (within the tooth structure) and have different causes and treatment approaches. - Preventing Stains: Preventing tooth stains involves regular dental cleanings, minimizing staining foods and beverages, using a straw, quitting smoking, and maintaining good oral hygiene. Understanding Cavities Cavities, scientifically known as dental caries or tooth decay, are the result of a complex interplay of various factors. The primary culprits behind cavities are bacteria in the mouth, especially Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria feed on the sugars and carbohydrates in our diet and produce acid as a byproduct. This acid can erode the enamel, the protective outer layer of our teeth, leading to the formation of cavities. The enamel is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline structure rich in calcium and phosphate. When the pH in the mouth drops due to acid production, it can demineralize the enamel, making it more susceptible to cavities. Over time, the demineralized areas can progress into cavities, which are essentially holes or openings in the enamel. The Symptoms of Cavities Cavities often present with a range of symptoms, including: - Toothache: As the cavity progresses and reaches the sensitive dentin or pulp inside the tooth, it can cause pain or discomfort. - Sensitivity to Hot and Cold: Cavities can make your teeth more sensitive to temperature changes. - Visible Holes: In advanced stages, cavities may appear as visible holes or pits in the affected tooth. - Discoloration: Teeth with cavities may develop white, brown, or black spots. Preventing Cavities The prevention of cavities largely revolves around maintaining good oral hygiene practices. Some preventive measures include: - Regular Brushing: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque and food particles. - Flossing: Regular flossing helps clean between teeth where a toothbrush can't reach. - Dental Check-ups: Visit your dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings. - Limit Sugary and Starchy Foods: Reducing your consumption of sugary and starchy foods can minimize the fuel available for cavity-causing bacteria. Treatment for Cavities The treatment for cavities varies depending on the severity of the condition. Common treatment options include: - Dental Fillings: For small to moderate-sized cavities, your dentist may use fillings made from materials like composite resin, amalgam, or porcelain to restore the tooth's structure. - Dental Crowns: Larger cavities may require the placement of a dental crown to protect and strengthen the tooth. - Root Canal: If the cavity has reached the pulp of the tooth, a root canal procedure may be necessary to remove the infected tissue. Understanding Stains Tooth staining or discoloration is another common dental concern, and it can be caused by various factors. Stains on teeth are categorized into two main types: extrinsic and intrinsic. - Extrinsic Stains: These stains occur on the outer surface of the tooth enamel and are often caused by external factors like food, beverages, and tobacco use. Common culprits include coffee, tea, red wine, and smoking. - Intrinsic Stains: Intrinsic stains are discolorations that occur within the tooth's structure. They can be caused by factors such as dental trauma, excessive fluoride consumption during tooth development, or certain medications, like tetracycline antibiotics. The Symptoms of Stains on Teeth Stains on teeth can manifest in various ways, and the specific symptoms depend on the type of stain, whether it's extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic Stains: Extrinsic stains occur on the outer surface of the tooth enamel, often caused by external factors. Symptoms include: - Surface Discoloration: Extrinsic stains typically show as visible color changes on the tooth enamel. - Yellow or Brown Stains: They're often yellow, brown, or dark. - Stain Patterns: They may form streaks or spots. - Superficial Nature: Extrinsic stains are relatively easy to remove. Intrinsic Stains: Intrinsic stains originate within the tooth structure, making them harder to treat. Symptoms include: - Deep Discoloration: Intrinsic stains affect the core tooth color, with shades from pale gray to dark brown. - Uniform Staining: They usually affect the whole tooth or a significant part of it. - Teeth Appear "Lifeless": Affected teeth look dull and lack natural luster. - Variety of Causes: Intrinsic stains result from factors like dental trauma, developmental conditions, or medication use. - Limited Response to Whitening: Intrinsic stains are less responsive to traditional whitening methods. Dental veneers or bonding may be needed for correction. Preventing Stains on Teeth Preventing stains on teeth involves a combination of lifestyle choices and oral hygiene practices. Some preventive measures include: - Regular Dental Cleanings: Professional dental cleanings can remove surface stains. - Brush and Floss: Good oral hygiene can help prevent extrinsic staining. - Minimize Stain-Causing Habits: Limit the consumption of staining foods and beverages, and avoid tobacco use. - Fluoride Toothpaste: Using fluoride toothpaste can help protect enamel and prevent intrinsic staining. Treatment for Stains on Teeth The treatment for stains on teeth depends on the type and severity of the discoloration. Common treatment options include: - Teeth Whitening: Extrinsic stains can often be treated with teeth whitening procedures, which may be performed in a dental office or using at-home kits. - Veneers: For more severe intrinsic stains, dental veneers, which are thin shells bonded to the tooth's surface, can provide a long-lasting solution. - Dental Bonding: This technique involves applying a tooth-colored resin to the tooth's surface to mask stains. Cavity vs. Stain on Molars and Front Teeth Cavities and stains on molars (back teeth) and front teeth exhibit distinct characteristics and potential treatment options. Let's compare them specifically for these two types of teeth: - Causes: Cavities can develop on both molars and front teeth. They are primarily caused by the activity of bacteria in the mouth, which feed on sugars and produce acids that erode tooth enamel. The bacteria can affect any tooth in the mouth. - Symptoms: Symptoms of cavities on both molars and front teeth include toothache, sensitivity to hot and cold, visible holes or pits in the affected tooth, and discoloration (white, brown, or black spots). - Location: Cavities can occur on the surface of molars or front teeth, but they may be more noticeable on the smoother and more visible front teeth. - Treatment: Cavities on both types of teeth are treated similarly. Dental fillings, dental crowns, or root canals may be necessary, depending on the severity of the cavity. The goal is to restore the tooth's structure and prevent further decay. Stains on Teeth: - Causes: Stains on molars and front teeth can result from various external factors such as consuming staining foods and beverages, tobacco use, or intrinsic factors like dental trauma, developmental conditions, or medication use. Stains on front teeth may be more noticeable due to their location. - Symptoms: Stains on molars and front teeth manifest as changes in tooth color. Extrinsic stains may appear as yellow, brown, or dark spots on the enamel. Intrinsic stains affect the core color of the tooth, leading to deep discoloration. - Location: Extrinsic stains are more common on molars because they often result from food and beverage consumption. However, both types of teeth can develop stains. Intrinsic stains can affect any tooth, leading to a uniform color change. - Treatment: Extrinsic stains on both molars and front teeth can be treated with teeth-whitening procedures or professional cleanings. Intrinsic stains are less responsive to traditional whitening methods and may require dental veneers or bonding for correction. Stain removal may be more of a cosmetic concern on front teeth due to their visibility. Cavity vs. Stains Preventative Care Maintaining good oral hygiene and making wise lifestyle choices can go a long way in preventing cavities and tooth stains. Here are some tips to help you keep your teeth healthy and free from these common dental issues: Tips for Preventing Cavities: - Brush Your Teeth: Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste. Make sure to brush for at least two minutes, covering all tooth surfaces. - Floss Daily: Flossing helps remove food particles and plaque from between your teeth and along the gumline, where your toothbrush may not reach. - Use Mouthwash: Consider using an antimicrobial or fluoride mouthwash to help reduce bacteria and strengthen enamel. - Limit Sugary and Starchy Foods: Cut down on sugary and starchy snacks and beverages, as these provide a food source for cavity-causing bacteria. - Chew Sugar-Free Gum: Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva production, which helps neutralize acids and cleanse your mouth. - Regular Dental Check-ups: Visit your dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings. They can catch cavities in their early stages and provide guidance on maintaining good oral health. - Sealants: Ask your dentist about dental sealants, which are protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of your molars to prevent cavities. - Fluoride: Consider fluoride treatments or toothpaste to help strengthen your tooth enamel and make it more resistant to decay. Tips for Preventing Teeth Stains: - Moderate Staining Foods and Drinks: Limit your consumption of staining foods and beverages such as coffee, tea, red wine, and highly pigmented foods like berries. - Use a Straw: When drinking staining beverages, use a straw to minimize direct contact with your teeth. - Rinse Your Mouth: After consuming staining foods or drinks, rinse your mouth with water to reduce the immediate impact of staining. - Quit Smoking: If you smoke, quitting is not only good for your overall health but also beneficial for preventing teeth stains. - Regular Dental Cleanings: Schedule regular dental cleanings to remove surface stains and keep your teeth looking their best. - Teeth Whitening: Consult with your dentist about professional teeth-whitening options for more stubborn extrinsic stains. - Dental Bonding and Veneers: For intrinsic stains or severe discoloration, consider dental bonding or veneers, which can provide long-term cosmetic improvements. - Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Continue to brush and floss regularly to keep your teeth clean and healthy. Good oral hygiene can help prevent the buildup of staining substances. Final Thoughts In summary, oral health is vital for overall well-being, impacting chewing, speaking, and self-esteem. This article discusses the common dental concerns: cavity vs. stain. Cavities are caused by bacteria feeding on sugars, leading to symptoms like toothaches and sensitivity. Prevention involves oral hygiene and dental check-ups, with treatments like fillings and root canals. Tooth stains come in extrinsic and intrinsic types. Extrinsic stains result from external factors like food and beverages, while intrinsic stains occur within the tooth structure. Maintaining a healthy smile requires regular dental cleanings, limiting staining substances, and considering treatments like veneers or bonding for intrinsic stains. Also Read: From Ache to Relief: The Ultimate Guide to Tackling Jaw Pain on One Side - Q: What causes cavities in teeth, and how do they develop? - A: Cavities, scientifically known as dental caries or tooth decay, are primarily caused by bacteria in the mouth, such as Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria feed on sugars and produce acid, which can erode the protective enamel of teeth, leading to the formation of cavities. - Q: What are the common symptoms of cavities, and how can I recognize them? - A: Common symptoms of cavities include toothaches, sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures, visible holes or pits in affected teeth, and discoloration, which may appear as white, brown, or black spots. - Q: What are some effective ways to prevent cavities in teeth? - A: To prevent cavities, maintain good oral hygiene practices. This includes regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, daily flossing to clean between teeth, dental check-ups for professional cleanings, and limiting the consumption of sugary and starchy foods, which provide fuel for cavity-causing bacteria. - Q: What are the treatment options for cavities, and how are they determined? - A: Treatment options for cavities depend on their severity. Common treatments include dental fillings for small to moderate-sized cavities, dental crowns for larger cavities, and root canals when the cavity reaches the pulp. The choice of treatment is determined by the dentist based on the condition of the tooth. - Q: What are extrinsic and intrinsic stains on teeth, and how do they differ? - A: Extrinsic stains occur on the outer surface of the tooth enamel and are often caused by external factors like food, beverages, and tobacco use. Intrinsic stains are discolorations that occur within the tooth's structure and can result from factors like dental trauma, excessive fluoride consumption, or certain medications. - Q: What are the symptoms of tooth stains, and can they be removed easily? - A: Extrinsic stains often appear as visible color changes on the enamel, with colors like yellow, brown, or dark spots. These are relatively easy to remove. Intrinsic stains affect the core color of the tooth, leading to deep discoloration, and they are less responsive to traditional whitening methods. - Q: How can I prevent tooth stains, and what are the treatment options if they occur? - A: Preventing tooth stains involves regular dental cleanings, good oral hygiene, minimizing the consumption of staining foods and beverages, using a straw when drinking such beverages, and quitting smoking. - Treatment options for stains include teeth whitening for extrinsic stains, and for intrinsic stains or severe discoloration, dental bonding or veneers can provide long-term cosmetic improvements while maintaining good oral hygiene helps prevent staining substances from building up. #OralHealth #DentalCare #Cavities #ToothStains #PreventativeDentistry #HealthySmile #DentalHygiene #ToothHealth #DentalTips #TeethCare #CavityPrevention #StainRemoval #DentalWellness #SmileConfidence #OralCare101 Note: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. For personalized health recommendations, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating any changes to your daily health routine.
Data literacy is the ability to read, analyze, interpret, and communicate data effectively. As organizations increasingly rely on data-driven insights to inform their decision-making, fostering data literacy is crucial for maximizing the value of data assets. By focusing on developing and promoting data literacy skills, organizations can empower employees to make data-driven decisions and maximize the value of their data assets. Sakura Sky's comprehensive services can help organizations strengthen their data literacy capabilities and foster a data-driven culture. Key Aspects of Data Literacy Data visualization: Understanding and creating visual representations of data using charts, graphs, and other visual tools to effectively communicate insights. Statistical analysis: Applying statistical methods to analyze data, identify trends and patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions. Data manipulation and cleaning: Using data processing tools and techniques to transform, clean, and enrich data for analysis. Querying and data extraction: Employing Structured Query Language (SQL) or other querying languages to extract relevant data from databases or data warehouses. Programming languages for data analysis: Familiarity with programming languages such as Python or R, commonly used for data analysis and manipulation. Developing Data Literacy Skills Provide comprehensive training: Offer training programs that cover essential skills, such as data visualization, statistical analysis, and programming languages for data analysis. Encourage hands-on learning: Facilitate practical, project-based learning opportunities that allow employees to apply their skills to real-world data challenges. Establish mentorship programs: Pair less experienced employees with data experts to facilitate knowledge transfer and skill development. Foster a culture of continuous learning: Encourage employees to stay updated on the latest data analysis tools, techniques, and best practices. Promoting Data Literacy Across the Organization Implement data-driven decision-making processes: Integrate data analysis and insights into the organization's decision-making processes, encouraging employees to leverage their data literacy skills. Create cross-functional data teams: Establish teams comprising members from various departments to collaborate on data projects, fostering a shared understanding of data and its value. Share data insights widely: Regularly communicate data insights and their implications to employees, reinforcing the importance of data literacy and promoting a data-driven mindset. How Sakura Sky Can Help Strengthen Data Literacy in your Organization Sakura Sky offers a range of services to help organizations develop and promote data literacy skills among their employees including: Customized Training Programs: We design and deliver tailored training programs that cover essential data literacy skills, such as data visualization, statistical analysis, and programming languages for data analysis. Consulting and Support: Our expert consultants provide guidance on best practices for developing and promoting data literacy within your organization. Data Literacy Assessment: We offer assessments to evaluate the current state of data literacy within your organization, identifying strengths and areas for improvement. Learn More Contact us to learn more.
Robert Lea Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.'s Open University. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst. Latest articles by Robert Lea Hubble Space Telescope discovers 'failed stars' are bad at relationships too By Robert Lea published Using the Hubble astronomers found that "failed star" brown dwarfs struggle to maintain relationships as passing stars disrupt them like the cosmic equivalent of the distracted boyfriend meme. Stunning light shows on Uranus and Saturn may soon draw James Webb Space Telescope's eye By Robert Lea published The James Webb Space Telescope will soon investigate stunning light shows from Uranus and Saturn as two projects look at the auroras of these planets to discover the processes that make them tick. 'Singing' red giant stars could offer another way to measure the universe's expansion By Robert Lea published The different ways red giants "sing" could affect distance measurements of the universe, potentially helping soothe a cosmic headache: The Hubble tension. Scientists find galaxy supercluster as massive as 26 quadrillion suns By Robert Lea published Astronomers have discovered a treasure trove of 662 new galactic superclusters, the most prominent of which, the Einasto Supercluster, contains a staggering mass equivalent to 26 quadrillion suns. Doomed egg-shaped exoplanet is death-spiraling into its star By Robert Lea published WASP-12b, an ultrahot Jupiter planet molded into the shape of an egg, is set to nose-dive into its star. Arrokoth the 'space snowman' and other Kuiper Belt objects may be packed with ancient ice By Robert Lea published A new model of cometary evolution and interiors could help explain the explosive behavior of "ice bomb" comets as they pass close to the sun. Citizen scientists and AI take a cosmic cruise to discover 430,000 new galaxies By Robert Lea published With the help of artificial intelligence, amateur scientists have discovered more than 400,000 new galaxies. Condor Array Telescope confirms Chinese astrology records of 'new star' spotted in 77 BCE By Robert Lea published The first data from the Condor Telescope Array suggests a dwarf nova was the source of a new star seen in 77 BCE. Bad news for life on Mars? Red Planet's wet epoch may have been shorter than we thought By Robert Lea published Water freely flowed across Mars billions of years ago, suggesting the Red Planet could also once have supported life. But this water may have existed for just a short time. Scientists may finally know why this infamous supernova wears a 'string of pearls' By Robert Lea published SN 1987A is ringed by a strange string of hydrogen pearls that have puzzled astronomers for a long time, but researchers may finally have an explanation. Scientists reveal never-before-seen map of the Milky Way's central engine (image) By Robert Lea published A new map spanning 500 light-years reveals the interaction between magnetic fields and dust in the Milky Way that will become the building blocks of stars. Colliding neutron stars hint at new physics that could explain dark matter By Robert Lea published Extreme collisions between neutron stars could create exotic particles beyond the standard model, including axions, the hypothetical particle that comprises dark matter. Speck of light glimpsed by Hubble is truly an enormous old galaxy, James Webb Space Telescope reveals By Robert Lea published The James Webb Space Telescope has zoomed in on a mere speck of light seen by Hubble, identifying it as a massive early galaxy that existed just 510 million years after the Big Bang. Scientists may have just caught 7 exotic 'ghost particles' as they pierced through Earth By Robert Lea published Devices buried deep within the south pole detected highly elusive tau neutrinos blasted toward Earth by powerful astrophysical events. James Webb Space Telescope spots the icy building blocks of life swirling around infant stars By Robert Lea published Two infant stars are surrounded by swirling clouds that astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope found contain icy molecules that could form the building blocks of life. NASA finds clue while solving Voyager 1's communication breakdown case By Robert Lea published In 2023, humanity's pioneering space mission, Voyager 1, stopped sending understandable data back to Earth. Now, NASA engineers may be closer to discovering the source of the issue. How to watch SpaceX's 3rd Starship launch test live online today By Robert Lea last updated SpaceX's megarocket Starship, the largest and most powerful space rocket ever built, is set for a third test flight on Thursday (March 14). You can watch it live online for free. Scientists find black hole spaghettifying star remarkably close to Earth By Robert Lea published Astronomers have discovered rather close evidence of a star being ripped apart and devoured by a supermassive black hole in a tidal disruption event. Deep-space astronomy sensor peers into the heart of an atom By Robert Lea published "Developed initially for space observations, the Compton Camera has now proven its worth as a tool for addressing complex scientific questions in other domains as well." Mars attracts: How the Red Planet influences Earth's climate and seas By Robert Lea published Scientists have discovered a surprising 2.4-million-year-cycle in deep-sea sediments that indicates Mars has an influence on Earth's oceans and climate. The boiling surface of giant star Betelgeuse may be creating an illusion By Robert Lea published Betelgeuse appears to be rotating faster than is possible for such a massive star. New research suggests this is an illusion caused by the violently boiling surface of the red supergiant. The James Webb Space Telescope hones in on star-forming region in the Triangulum Galaxy (images) By Robert Lea published The James Space Telescope has used its NIRCam and MIRI instruments to capture two dynamic views of the star-forming region NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy. Some 'dead' stars hide celestial fountains of youth beneath their surfaces By Robert Lea published Scientists have discovered that some "dead" white dwarf stars hide a metaphorical fountain of youth beneath their skin that helps them delay their cooling processes.
Understanding the Importance of NCAP Ratings for Vehicle Safety When it comes to choosing a new vehicle, safety should always be a top priority. One way to assess the safety of a car is by looking at its NCAP (New Car Assessment Program) ratings. NCAP ratings provide valuable information about how a vehicle performs in crash tests and help consumers make informed decisions about their safety on the road. What are NCAP Ratings? NCAP ratings are safety ratings assigned to vehicles based on various crash tests and evaluations. These ratings are designed to provide consumers with an easy way to compare the safety of different vehicles. The tests cover a range of crash scenarios, including front, side, and rear impacts, as well as evaluations of safety features such as airbags and seat belts. How NCAP Ratings are Determined NCAP ratings are determined through a series of standardized tests that are conducted by independent organizations such as the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and Euro NCAP. These tests are designed to simulate real-world crash scenarios and evaluate how well a vehicle protects its occupants in a collision. - Frontal Crash Test: This test simulates a head-on collision between two vehicles at a speed of 40 mph. It evaluates how well the vehicle's structure absorbs and distributes the impact forces. - Side Impact Test: This test simulates a collision with a pole or another vehicle on the side of the car. It evaluates the effectiveness of the side impact protection systems. - Rollover Test: This test evaluates the vehicle's stability and likelihood of rolling over during a collision. It assesses the risk of injury to occupants in the event of a rollover. Why NCAP Ratings Matter NCAP ratings provide important information about a vehicle's safety performance and can help consumers make informed decisions when purchasing a car. Here are a few reasons why NCAP ratings are important: - Protecting Occupants: NCAP ratings give consumers an idea of how well a vehicle will protect them in the event of a crash. By choosing a vehicle with high NCAP ratings, drivers can reduce the risk of injury to themselves and their passengers. - Encouraging Safety Innovation: Manufacturers strive to improve their vehicles' safety performance to achieve higher NCAP ratings. By promoting safety innovation, NCAP ratings drive the development of new technologies and safety features in vehicles. - Improving Road Safety: Vehicles with high NCAP ratings set a standard for safety that can help reduce the number of injuries and fatalities on the road. By choosing safer vehicles, consumers can contribute to overall road safety. Case Studies Let's take a look at a couple of real-world examples to illustrate the importance of NCAP ratings: Case Study 1: Volvo XC90 The Volvo XC90 is a popular SUV known for its commitment to safety. The XC90 consistently receives top marks in NCAP crash tests and is equipped with a range of advanced safety features. Its high NCAP ratings have helped establish Volvo as a leader in vehicle safety. Case Study 2: Jeep Wrangler In contrast, the Jeep Wrangler has received mixed reviews in NCAP crash tests. The Wrangler's lower NCAP ratings highlight areas where the vehicle may be lacking in safety features or structural integrity. Consumers interested in the Wrangler should consider these ratings when making their purchasing decision. NCAP ratings play a crucial role in helping consumers understand the safety performance of vehicles. By providing standardized evaluations of crash tests and safety features, NCAP ratings empower consumers to make informed choices that prioritize safety on the road. When considering a new vehicle purchase, always remember to check the NCAP ratings to ensure a high level of safety for you and your passengers.
Cacao Ceremony A cacao ceremony is a heart-opening ritual in which we enter into a deep, loving connection with Mother Earth. Cacao, also known as the drink of the gods and goddesses, has a history going back thousands of years and is a traditional part of many cultures around the world. Worshiped as the drink of the gods by the natives of Central and South America, used by Aztec soldiers as a stimulant, drunk by European monks for fasting – right up to the luxury food and cacao bliss of today. However, with the mass production of chocolate, the original value and knowledge of this wonderful plant has been increasingly forgotten. What is understood today by "cacao" has hardly anything to do with the roots of this miracle medicine. Fortunately, the ritual cacao is returning more and more to our culture, bringing its wisdom and magic to us. Connection to yourself, others and to Mother Earth The effect of ritual cacao can unfold in a very profound way. From relaxing to euphoric, the fruit can be therapeutic as well. By "working" with the spirit of the plant, emotional blockages can be released and self-knowledge and personality development can be supported. A cacao ceremony helps us to strengthen the connection to ourselves and others. It is said that cacao has a heart-opening effect and shows us exactly what is important in our development. In addition, cacao increases access to intuition, inspiration, creativity and life itself. For whom is Cacao not suitable? Due to the increased caffeine content, consumption of ceremonial cacao is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. If you want to drink cacao and have concerns, I recommend talking to your doctor. Furthermore, the consumption of cacao for children in ceremonial doses is not recommended. Preparing for your Cacao Ceremony Before the cacao ceremony, you should prepare your body for it with a short fasting unit. To do this, avoid eating 3-4 hours before the ritual. However, make sure you drink enough fluids. Bring comfortable clothing that will keep you warm and allow you to move freely. You are also welcome to bring a notebook with you. Please avoid wearing perfume or aftershave, speaking loudly or otherwise distracting other participants. During and after the ceremony there can be moments when we feel a bit vulnerable. So make sure to give others the space they need during and after the ritual. Let it be First, consider whether you want to set an intention for this ceremony. Is there a question you're looking for an answer to? Or would you like to devote this ritual to a problem instead? Do you just want to surrender to a feeling that you otherwise tend to suppress and face the confrontation? Or would you rather indulge in lightness and joy? You decide. As soon as the ritual begins, just be open to new things and let yourself be guided. Allow everything that wants to come. It doesn't matter whether you cry, scream, laugh, lie down, dance or sing. Every feeling has its right to exist and is allowed. If you want to sit, stay seated. On the other hand, if you want to lie down, lie down. If you feel like stretching, stretch. If you want to dance, dance. Can Cacao cause side Effects? Yes, side effects can occur, but they are rare. Cacao draws water out of the body. This can cause headaches. Due to the natural caffeine in cacao, restlessness and sleeping diffilculties can occur. Mild stomach cramps or nausea are also possible, but rare. All of these side effects can be minimized or avoided altogether with proper handling. Basically, I advise drinking a lot of water after the cacao ceremony. If you have trouble sleeping, I recommend not drinking cacao 6 hours before bedtime. If cramps occur, this often has energetic reasons. It is recommended to relax into the rising feelings here, deepen your breath and let the feelings flow.
Exploring the Essence of the UCLA Mindfulness Class Mindfulness, as a discipline and practice, has gained significant traction over the past few years, reshaping how individuals approach life's stresses and daily encounters. Among the epicenters of this movement is the UCLA mindfulness class. This program has not only brought greater awareness to the practice itself but has also played a pivotal role in helping people discover inner peace, focus, and improved well-being. In this initial segment, we'll dive into the origin of this transformative class and its foundational concepts. The History Behind UCLA's Endeavor into Mindfulness The University of California, Los Angeles, better known as UCLA, recognized the vast potential in the arena of mindfulness and sought to institutionalize its teachings. By crafting a dedicated course, UCLA became a beacon for those seeking both introductory insights and deeper dives into the realms of meditation and mindfulness. The Structure of the Class The UCLA mindfulness class seamlessly blends theoretical knowledge with hands-on experience. Not only do students get an academic grasp of the subject, but they also gain practical skills in meditation techniques, which form an element of some meditation exercises. This dual approach ensures that participants come out with a rounded and functional understanding of the discipline. Theory: This encompasses the history, philosophy, and various schools of thought surrounding mindfulness. Special attention is given to its origins and the scientific rationale supporting its benefits. Concepts like I am not the body, I am not even the mind are explored, giving students a profound introspective experience. Practice: Under the watchful guidance of trained instructors, students immerse themselves in varied meditation techniques. From traditional seated meditations to more contemporary approaches like mindful hypnobirthing and mindful movement sleep, the class offers a buffet of experiences. The Underlying Principles of UCLA's Mindfulness Present Moment Awareness: The UCLA course emphasizes the importance of being present. To keep in mind that our power lies in the current moment helps in reducing overthinking and unnecessary worries about the future or past. Non-Judgmental Observation: Embracing experiences without labeling them as 'good' or 'bad' is a core tenet. This encourages a sense of detachment and a broader perspective on life's events. Breathing and Meditation: At the heart of the course lies the art of breathing and meditation. These two intertwined practices are instrumental in achieving a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. Reaping the Rewards of the Training For those who partake in the UCLA mindfulness class, the journey often results in an array of tangible and intangible benefits. The most apparent of these is the improved ability to handle stress and emotional upheaval. However, the ripple effects of this training often extend to enhanced creativity, better decision-making abilities, and an overall improved quality of life. As Jack Kornfield once said, meditation offers a path to inner freedom, regardless of the external circumstances. Conclusion and What's Ahead The UCLA mindfulness class is more than just a course; it's a transformative experience that has positively impacted countless lives. Its blend of history, theory, and practical application makes it a holistic approach to understanding and practicing mindfulness. In our upcoming segment, we will delve into the testimonials of students, detailing their firsthand experiences and the profound changes they underwent during and after the course. Their stories are not only inspiring but serve as a testament to the power of mindfulness. Stay with us as we embark on this enlightening journey. Proceed to the next segment to discover more. The Nuances and Impact of the UCLA Mindfulness Class While the inaugural segment shed light on the foundation and ethos of the UCLA mindfulness class, this chapter delves deeper into the specific nuances that make it a transformative experience. By leveraging an amalgamation of expertly curated content, practical sessions, and a plethora of associated activities, the UCLA mindfulness class stands as an epitome of holistic mindfulness training. Techniques Explored in the Class The UCLA mindfulness program isn't a monolithic experience; it comprises a diverse set of techniques and practices that cater to various facets of human experience. Some of these techniques include: - Mindfulness be happy now: A technique focusing on present-moment contentment. - Meditation made simple: Streamlining meditation for beginners. - Sustainable self-care: Incorporating mindfulness into everyday self-care routines. - Rouse Yoga: Intertwining traditional yoga with mindfulness principles. - Pretty soon meaning: Understanding the ephemeral nature of moments and the importance of immediate presence. Reasons Behind its Growing Popularity Over the years, the UCLA mindfulness class has garnered significant attention. Here are a few reasons contributing to its growing popularity: - Holistic Approach: Unlike many courses that focus merely on theory or practice, UCLA's offering marries both. This balanced approach ensures participants get the best of both worlds. - Expert Instructors: The program boasts of seasoned mindfulness practitioners and scholars who bring a wealth of knowledge and experience. - Relevance to Modern Life: The course is tailored to address the unique challenges and stresses of modern-day living, making it particularly pertinent. - Open to All: Irrespective of one's familiarity with mindfulness, the class welcomes all, from novices to seasoned practitioners. - Endorsement by Alumni: Many who have undergone the training vouch for its transformative power, thus bolstering its credibility. A Snapshot: Key Highlights of the Course Aspect \| Details \| Benefits \| Duration \| 8 Weeks \| Allows ample time for immersion and deep understanding \| Mode \| Hybrid: Online & On-Campus \| Facilitates learning for both local and international participants \| Pre-requisites \| None \| Ensures inclusivity for all interested individuals \| Focus Areas \| Breathing, Meditation, Movement \| Provides a rounded experience in mindfulness \| Outcome \| Certificate of Completion \| Grants recognition and proof of expertise \| The Journey Beyond the Classroom One of the distinctive features of the UCLA mindfulness class is its encouragement to incorporate learned techniques into daily life. For instance, courses such as Teenagers walking guide teens in imbibing mindfulness while navigating the unique challenges of adolescence. Furthermore, participants are introduced to mindfulness-related practices beyond just meditation, like the touch that body part technique, which emphasizes the importance of physical awareness as part of the overall mindfulness landscape. Gearing up for the Next Segment Having dived deep into the structure, popularity, and distinctive features of the UCLA mindfulness class, the next chapter promises an even more intriguing exploration. Get ready to meet some of the luminaries and experts who have shaped this program. Through their insights, stories, and shared experiences, we'll uncover the heart and soul of this transformative course. Join us in the next segment for a captivating journey into the minds behind UCLA's mindfulness revolution. Voices of Hope: Stories from the UCLA Mindfulness Class The transformative journey of the UCLA mindfulness class doesn't merely lie in its structure, techniques, or expert faculty. At its core, the class thrives on the heartfelt experiences and stories of its participants. This chapter illuminates the voices of hope, inspiration, and profound change that echo from the very hearts of those who've been touched by the program. Finding Solace Amidst the Chaos One of the standout testimonials comes from Sarah, a busy corporate executive. After attending the UCLA mindfulness program, she exclaimed: "In the relentless hustle of life, the UCLA mindfulness course emerged as my beacon. It taught me that inner peace isn't a distant dream but an attainable reality." Her story, much like those of countless others, showcases the class's ability to offer solace amidst the chaos of modern life. She found particular resonance in techniques like mindful hypnobirthing, which while primarily designed for expectant mothers, offered universal lessons in presence and calm. A Deep Dive into Self-awareness Mark, a college student, shared his transformative journey from self-doubt to self-awareness: "The UCLA mindfulness class was more than just learning to meditate. It was about rediscovering oneself. As I delved into practices like one for each blessed day, I learned to value every moment, realizing the sanctity of each day." Mark's profound shift from apprehension to appreciation is a testament to the class's profound impact on the mental and emotional well-being of its participants. Rekindling Relationships Anna, a mother of two, expressed how the teachings from the class played a pivotal role in enhancing her relationships: "I learned that being present isn't just about the 'now'; it's about truly being there for the ones we love. The UCLA mindfulness program's teachings, especially insights from how we get deep so fast, transformed my relationships, making them richer and more meaningful." Anna's revelations shed light on the program's holistic benefits that extend beyond individual well-being, fostering deeper connections and harmonious relationships. Breathing Life into Everyday Moments For Jake, a retired army officer, the UCLA mindfulness class was about savoring the smaller moments: "I've faced many tumultuous situations in my life, always waiting for the next big thing to bring joy. This class taught me the beauty of involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. Today, I find happiness in a blooming flower or a child's innocent laughter." Jake's experience underscores the class's emphasis on appreciating everyday moments, highlighting the potential for joy and contentment in seemingly mundane events. Setting the Stage for the Next Chapter These inspiring stories offer just a glimpse into the myriad of transformative experiences stemming from the UCLA mindfulness class. With each story, a new lesson unfolds, a fresh perspective emerges, and the undeniable power of mindfulness shines through. However, the journey doesn't end here. The next chapter takes us behind the scenes, revealing the meticulous planning, dedication, and passion that goes into curating this globally-renowned program. Get ready to meet the visionaries, educators, and guiding lights of UCLA's mindfulness movement. Their stories, insights, and tireless efforts paint the complete picture of this transformative journey. Stay with us, as the story gets even more captivating! The Anatomy of the UCLA Mindfulness Class The UCLA mindfulness class isn't just another addition to the academic roster; it's a carefully constructed experience designed to cater to the holistic well-being of its participants. Building on the stories, quotes, and elements highlighted in the previous chapters, this segment aims to dissect the class, shedding light on its unique components, teaching methodologies, and the thought process behind its inception. Key Components of the Program Every facet of the UCLA mindfulness class has been crafted with precision. Below are the fundamental pillars upon which this transformative program rests: Core Mindfulness Principles: These are the foundational teachings derived from ancient practices, offering insights into the art of staying present and cultivating awareness. Some concepts delve into understanding phrases like "I am not the body, I am not even the mind", promoting self-awareness. Practical Sessions: Hands-on meditation and mindfulness practices are integral. Sessions focusing on elements such as element of some meditation exercises enable participants to apply theoretical knowledge. Guided Meditation: Courses often feature guided sessions, many of which are inspired by mindfulness experts such as Jack Kornfield. Community Building Activities: Through group discussions, workshops, and retreats, participants get the chance to foster connections, making the learning experience more communal and supportive. Teaching Methodologies The teaching methodologies adopted in the UCLA mindfulness class are multifaceted, aimed at catering to diverse learning styles: Interactive Lectures: Led by experienced mindfulness practitioners, these sessions focus on imparting theoretical knowledge interspersed with real-life anecdotes and experiences. Guided Meditation: Leveraging techniques such as can u meditate lying down, instructors guide participants through various forms of meditation. Workshop Sessions: These are more hands-on, encouraging participants to apply what they've learned, often through activities or group interactions. Digital Resources: Participants have access to a range of online materials, helping them delve deeper into topics or practice at their own pace. Personal Reflection & Journaling: An integral component, it encourages introspection and aids in tracking personal growth throughout the course. Behind the Scenes: The Think Tank The UCLA mindfulness class didn't materialize out of thin air. It's the brainchild of a dedicated team comprising: Mindfulness Experts: Renowned figures in the field, some even associated with spiritual landmarks like Buddhist temples in Kansas City, played a pivotal role in shaping the curriculum. Academicians & Researchers: The team ensured the course remains evidence-based, merging traditional principles with modern scientific findings. Feedback from Alumni: Past participants have significantly influenced the course's evolution, ensuring it remains relevant, engaging, and transformative. Gearing Up for the Finale We've journeyed through stories of transformation, delved deep into the class's structure, and now unraveled its anatomy. Yet, as we near the climax, there's one crucial aspect left to explore – the ripple effects of the UCLA mindfulness class beyond the campus and its global impact. The concluding chapter promises a panoramic view of the change initiated by this program, its far-reaching implications, and the brighter future it envisages. Ready to witness the grand finale? The last chapter awaits, painting a picture larger than you've ever imagined. Mindfulness Meets Legacy: Reflecting on UCLA's Trailblazing Class As our exploration of the UCLA mindfulness class comes to an end, it feels like a pause rather than a full stop. We've journeyed through the intricate tapestry of its offerings, from the foundational concepts to its global implications. But as with any profound experience, the true depth and beauty lie not just in the exploration but also in the reflection. A Deep Dive into the Heart of Mindfulness Throughout this series, we've been led by one guiding star: understanding the quintessence of the UCLA mindfulness class. From its inception to its transformative journey, the class has stood as a beacon for holistic well-being, much like a sustainable self-care practice that serves one throughout life. The insights gained from our deep dive into this program unveiled more than just academic rigor. At its core, the class symbolizes a universal quest: to find peace, purpose, and presence in a world increasingly defined by distractions. A Path Illuminated by Stories and Knowledge Every chapter of our exploration was enriched by tales of transformation, revelations of the program's unique structure, and an understanding of its vast impact. Like a meditation made simple, the class's essence was distilled from age-old wisdom and contemporary insights, making mindfulness accessible and relevant to today's world. Embracing the Present, Anticipating the Future We stand at the precipice of change. As the UCLA mindfulness class continues to inspire and transform, we are reminded of the timeless wisdom encapsulated in "how we get deep so fast". Mindfulness, as this class reveals, isn't about lengthy retreats or isolated practices; it's about immersing oneself in the present moment, no matter where or how. Your Next Steps Dear reader, the conclusion of this segment is just the beginning of your mindfulness voyage. Should you find yourself curious or yearning for more, we invite you to explore our magazine further. Dive into articles, personal stories, and resources that can enhance your understanding, or perhaps revisit previous sections of this series to cement your insights. A Heartfelt Thank You Our journey through the UCLA mindfulness class has been as enlightening for us as we hope it has been for you. We'd like to express our deep gratitude for accompanying us on this enlightening expedition. Here's to many more insightful explorations in our future editions, where we delve into worlds known and unknown, always with the intent to learn, reflect, and grow. In the words of a timeless adage: "The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes." With the UCLA mindfulness class as our muse, we've learned to see the world with renewed vision. And for that, we are eternally grateful.
Colorectal screening is a preventive health procedure for detecting colorectal cancer early. It involves various tests which can help identify abnormal polyps or growths in the colon or rectum. Key among these tests include fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and DNA stool test. On this page, we answer the question; who gets colorectal screening? We also touch on other key aspects like colorectal screening price in Singapore and how to prepare for colorectal screening among other basics. Keep reading! Who gets Colorectal Screening? Many cases of colorectal cancer develop from precancerous polyps that may grow in the colon or rectum. Here's where colorectal screening in Singapore comes in. It can help in the detection of precancerous polyps so they're removed early before they can turn into cancer. Colorectal screening can also help you detect colorectal cancer early when it is still easier to manage. With this in mind, many people ask; who gets colorectal cancer screening. Here's the answer; The groups of people who get colorectal screening are adults aged 45 to 75. You may still benefit from colorectal screening if you're between ages 76 to 85 but it is best to consult your doctor first to be sure. During your colorectal screening, some of the tests you can get include; colonoscopy, stool tests, CT colonography, and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Now, in the vast majority of cases, adults begin their colorectal screening at 45 years of age. They would then continue with these screenings at regular intervals. But, there are isolated instances when you may need to begin your colorectal screening before age 45 or more often than other people. These instances include; · If you Live with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) IBD is a term for disorders of chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. They cause symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea and fatigue. Examples of IBD include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Individuals with conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. Since these conditions cause chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, they can lead to the formation of abnormal cells. As a result, individuals with IBD should begin screening earlier than the recommended age of 45. Also, they may need more frequent screenings to detect any signs of colorectal cancer early. · If you have a Personal or Family History of Colorectal Cancer or Polyps A family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative increases your risk for colorectal cancer. So, your recommendations for colorectal screening in Singapore may be different from someone without a personal or family history of polyps or colorectal cancer. A first-degree relative can be your parent, sibling, or child. If you have a personal history of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps, or if you have a family history of these conditions, you may need to start screening earlier and undergo more frequent screenings. · If you Live with Genetic Syndromes Certain genetic syndromes significantly increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer even at a young age. Examples of genetic syndromes that may warrant more frequent or early-onset of colorectal screening include familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome). Individuals with these syndromes often need to begin screening in their twenties or thirties. Also, they may require more frequent screenings to detect and prevent colorectal cancer. How do I Prepare for Colorectal Screening? To ensure the best treatment outcomes, you will want to ensure proper planning before your colorectal screening procedures like colonoscopy for example. This is especially true when it comes to medications and your diet. Real quick, here are key guidelines to prepare for your colorectal screening in Singapore; I. Medications - Stop medications for diarrhea (e.g., Imodium, kaopectate) or those containing iron seven days before the procedure. - Most prescription and non-prescription medications can be taken up to the day of the colonoscopy. - Low-dose aspirin can be continued and does not need to be stopped. - Take morning medicines. This is particularly important for those for blood pressure. Take these medications at least four hours before the procedure with a small amount of water. - Blood pressure medicines should be continued while preparing for the test. Take these medications with water at least two hours before the test. - If you're on blood thinners, you may need to temporarily discontinue them. However, be sure to consult your doctor first for guidance. Do not stop these medications without consulting your doctor. - Insulin/diabetes medication doses may need adjustment. That said, if you're on these medications, seek clarity from your prescribing doctor before considering stopping them. II. Diet - Three days before the procedure, start a low-residue diet to limit high-fiber foods. - It is recommended that you avoid high-fiber foods like whole-grain bread, oatmeal, nuts, seeds, raw vegetables, fruits with skins or seeds, and beverages with pulp. - Foods you may eat include refined grains, cooked vegetables without seeds, bananas, soft melons, avocado, lean meats, eggs, margarine, oils, smooth sauces, dressings, cakes, cookies, pudding, ice cream without nuts or seeds, hard candy, popsicles, yogurt, and cheese. - Starting one day before the procedure, follow a clear liquid diet. In fact, it is best that you avoid all solid foods. - Drink clear liquids such as water, clear fruit juices, clear soft drinks, broth, popsicles, gelatin, coffee or tea without milk, and meal-replacement drinks. - Stop drinking clear liquids four hours before the procedure. III. Transportation - You must have someone accompany you home after the procedure. This is important even if you take a cab. - You can use public transportation (taxi or bus) only if you have an adult to escort you. - Medical transport may be arranged for safe transportation home. - Do not drive a car, operate machinery, return to work, drink alcohol, or make any legal decisions after the procedure until the following day. In Closing Generally, many people begin their colorectal screening at age 45 and then continue to age 75. While you can still benefit from the procedure from age 76 to 85, you can expect to be guided by your doctor if it is still ideal for you to continue with the screening. Also, due to varied circumstances, you may need to begin the screenings earlier than age 45. Do you need colorectal screening in Singapore? Or you're seeking clarification on the procedure? Our specialists are available to help. Get started by scheduling your appointment today. Alpine Surgical Practice 3 Mount Elizabeth #14-06 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre Singapore 228510 +65 6322 7323 +65 8875 0080 • After Office Hours +65 6602 8086 319 Joo Chiat Place #04-07 Singapore 427989 +65 6589 8160 +65 8875 2149 • After Office Hours +65 6871 8870
Databases & Data Platforms Sources: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction The GAR Atlas: Risk Data Platform is an interactive platform that can be read and explored using an IOS or Android tablet. It allows users to visualise, download or extract data on past disaster events, human and economic hazard exposure and risk from natural hazards, in the form of maps, data curves, database tables and excel spreadsheets. As with the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, a Global Risk Model has been used to calculate the Annual Average Loss (AAL), a probabilistic risk metric which condenses the multiple interdependencies and complexities that configure disaster risk into a single numerical value. The AAL is presented in this Risk Data Platform, alongside other data that covers the effects of historical disaster events, as well as hazard risk (including likelihood and intensity), and exposure. Some examples include: Disaster risk implications – Average Annual Loss (AAL) as per cent of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), financing gap return period, size of financing gap, average annual mortality, average annual lost economic production Data related to the frequency and intensity of hazards – cyclone wind 250 years return period, flood hazard 50/100/200/500/1,000 years Exposure – exposed population, exposure of capital stock, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), social expenditure Databases & Data Platforms United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; United Nations Environment Programme Databases & Data Platforms United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Databases & Data Platforms United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; European Union; United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme; United Nations Institute for Training and Research Databases & Data Platforms United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Enhancing Your Landscape with Azaleas Azaleas are among the most beloved and versatile flowering shrubs in landscaping, adding a vibrant splash of color and elegance to gardens around the world. Their stunning blooms and relatively low maintenance requirements have made Azaleas a staple in many landscapes, providing beauty and charm throughout the seasons. Let's explore the various ways azaleas can be used to enhance your outdoor space and provide tips for their care and cultivation. Why Choose Azaleas? Azaleas are treasured for their abundant, showy flowers, which come in a wide range of colors, including shades of pink, purple, red, white, and orange. Their blooms typically appear in spring, creating a stunning visual display that signals the arrival of warmer weather. Additionally, some newer varieties of azaleas, like the Encore family of azaleas, also bloom in the fall, extending their beauty well into the autumn months. Beyond their eye-catching flowers, azaleas offer several other benefits that make them an attractive choice for landscape design: - Versatility: Azaleas come in various sizes and shapes, from compact dwarf varieties to larger, more expansive cultivars. This versatility makes them suitable for various garden settings, including borders, hedges, foundation plantings, and even container gardens. - Adaptability: Many azalea varieties are well-suited to different growing conditions, including varying levels of sunlight, soil types, and moisture levels. This adaptability makes them relatively easy to grow and maintain in various climates and environments. - Year-round Interest: While azaleas are best known for their spectacular spring blooms, their foliage can also provide interest throughout the year. With evergreen varieties retaining their leaves in winter, azaleas can add color and texture to the landscape even when not in bloom. Incorporating Azaleas into Your Landscape There are countless ways to incorporate azaleas into your landscape design, depending on your preferences and the specific goals of your outdoor space. Here are a few ideas to inspire you: - Foundation Plantings: Use azaleas to add visual interest and curb appeal to the front of your home by planting them alongside your foundation. Choose varieties with a compact growth habit like the Autumn Majesty Encore Azalea to avoid overcrowding or obscuring windows. - Borders and Edging: Use low-growing azalea, such as the Gumpo varieties, to create defined borders or edging along pathways or garden beds. Their dense foliage and colorful blooms will provide a striking contrast against other plants and hardscape elements. - Mixed Plantings: Combine azaleas with other flowering shrubs, perennials, and groundcovers to create dynamic and visually appealing garden beds that are full of color. Choose complementary colors and textures to achieve a harmonious composition that evolves throughout the seasons. - Container Gardens: Showcase the beauty of azaleas on patios, decks, or balconies by planting them in containers. Select compact varieties that are well-suited to container culture and place them in decorative pots or urns for added visual impact. - Naturalistic Settings: Integrate azaleas into woodland or naturalistic settings, where their graceful form and delicate blooms can thrive in dappled shade beneath taller trees. Combine them with native woodland plants for a naturalistic and ecologically beneficial landscape. Caring for Azaleas While azaleas are relatively low-maintenance plants, they do have specific requirements for optimal growth and performance. Here are some tips for caring for your azaleas: - Site Selection: Choose a location with well-drained soil and partial to full shade, depending on the variety. Avoid planting azaleas in areas with heavy clay soil or standing water, as they are susceptible to root rot. - Watering: Keep the soil evenly moist, especially during periods of hot, dry weather. Water deeply and thoroughly, ensuring that the entire root zone is adequately hydrated. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature. - Fertilizing: Feed azaleas annually with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants such as Holly-tone by Espoma. Apply the fertilizer in early spring, following the manufacturer's recommendations for dosage and application method. - Pruning: Prune azaleas after flowering to maintain their shape, remove dead or diseased branches, and promote healthy growth. Avoid heavy pruning, which can reduce flower production in the following season. - Pest and Disease Control: Monitor azaleas regularly for signs of pests such as lace bugs, spider mites, and caterpillars, as well as common diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot. Treat infestations promptly with appropriate insecticides or fungicides to prevent damage to the plants. Shop Azaleas Online Today By incorporating azaleas into your landscape design and providing them with the care and culture they need, you can enjoy their beauty and elegance for years to come. Whether used as focal points, accents, or mass plantings, azaleas have the power to transform any outdoor space into a colorful and inviting garden paradise. Lucky for you, we have a wide selection of gorgeous azalea shrubs available for purchase online and shipment conveniently to your front door! Shop these magnificent bloomers and ore online today and watch your landscape transform before your eyes!
Title: Simulations of the magnetic cycles of the Sun and solar-type stars The Sun sustains its large-scale magnetic field thanks to its internal turbulent motions through a so-called dynamo effect. Global simulations of the convective dynamo of the Sun and solar-type stars have exhibited in the past decade a rich variety of magnetic self-organization, from small-scale turbulent fields; stable magnetic structures; to periodically reversing large-scale magnetic fields. In the cyclic cases, though, the physical ingredients setting the cycle period still eluded our understanding. After introducing observational constraints on solar and stellar magnetism, I will first give a brief tour of the present status of non-linear dynamo simulations in deep stellar convection zones, with a particular focus on results obtained using implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) for solar-like, cyclic, turbulent dynamos. I will put a particular emphasis on the numerical methods used to simulate the interior of stars, which are in a turbulent regime inaccessible to both experiments and numerical simulations as of today. I will then present a series of 3D global simulations performed with the EULAG code where the period of the simulated magnetic cycle systematically varies with the rotation rate and luminosity of the modelled star. The dynamo acting in these simulations is fundamentally non-linear, where the Lorentz force feedback on the mean flows plays a major role in the dynamo loop. These results shed a new light on non-linear dynamo processes possibly acting inside solar-like stars.
Title : The tetrameric structure of the novel haloalkane dehalogenase DpaA from Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2 - Mazur_2021_Acta.Crystallogr.D.Struct.Biol_77_347 \| Author(s) : Mazur A , Prudnikova T , Grinkevich P , Mesters JR , Mrazova D , Chaloupkova R , Damborsky J , Kuty M , Kolenko P , Kuta Smatanova I \| Ref : Acta Crystallographica D Struct Biol , 77 :347 , 2021 \| Abstract : Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 126.96.36.199) are microbial enzymes that catalyse the hydrolytic conversion of halogenated compounds, resulting in a halide ion, a proton and an alcohol. These enzymes are used in industrial biocatalysis, bioremediation and biosensing of environmental pollutants or for molecular tagging in cell biology. The novel haloalkane dehalogenase DpaA described here was isolated from the psychrophilic and halophilic bacterium Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2, which was found in marine sediment collected from the East Sea near Korea. Gel-filtration experiments and size-exclusion chromatography provided information about the dimeric composition of the enzyme in solution. The DpaA enzyme was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method, yielding rod-like crystals that diffracted X-rays to 2.0A resolution. Diffraction data analysis revealed a case of merohedral twinning, and subsequent structure modelling and refinement resulted in a tetrameric model of DpaA, highlighting an uncommon multimeric nature for a protein belonging to haloalkane dehalogenase subfamily I. \| ESTHER : Mazur_2021_Acta.Crystallogr.D.Struct.Biol_77_347 \| PubMedSearch : Mazur_2021_Acta.Crystallogr.D.Struct.Biol_77_347 \| PubMedID: 33645538 \| Gene_locus related to this paper: 9alte-k6xnl5 \| Title : Structural Analysis of the Ancestral Haloalkane Dehalogenase AncLinB-DmbA - Mazur_2021_Int.J.Mol.Sci_22_11992 \| Author(s) : Mazur A , Grinkevich P , Chaloupkova R , Havlickova P , Kascakova B , Kuty M , Damborsky J , Kuta Smatanova I , Prudnikova T \| Ref : Int J Mol Sci , 22 : , 2021 \| Abstract : Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 184.108.40.206) play an important role in hydrolytic degradation of halogenated compounds, resulting in a halide ion, a proton, and an alcohol. They are used in biocatalysis, bioremediation, and biosensing of environmental pollutants and also for molecular tagging in cell biology. The method of ancestral sequence reconstruction leads to prediction of sequences of ancestral enzymes allowing their experimental characterization. Based on the sequences of modern haloalkane dehalogenases from the subfamily II, the most common ancestor of thoroughly characterized enzymes LinB from Sphingobium japonicum UT26 and DmbA from Mycobacterium bovis 5033/66 was in silico predicted, recombinantly produced and structurally characterized. The ancestral enzyme AncLinB-DmbA was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method, yielding rod-like crystals that diffracted X-rays to 1.5 A resolution. Structural comparison of AncLinB-DmbA with their closely related descendants LinB and DmbA revealed some differences in overall structure and tunnel architecture. Newly prepared AncLinB-DmbA has the highest active site cavity volume and the biggest entrance radius on the main tunnel in comparison to descendant enzymes. Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a powerful technique to study molecular evolution and design robust proteins for enzyme technologies. \| ESTHER : Mazur_2021_Int.J.Mol.Sci_22_11992 \| PubMedSearch : Mazur_2021_Int.J.Mol.Sci_22_11992 \| PubMedID: 34769421 \| Gene_locus related to this paper: 9zzzz-AncLinB \| Title : Crystallization and Crystallographic Analysis of a Bradyrhizobium Elkanii USDA94 Haloalkane Dehalogenase Variant with an Eliminated Halide-Binding Site - Pudnikova_2019_Crystals_9_375 \| Author(s) : Prudnikova T , Kascakova B , Mesters JR , Grinkevich P , Havlickova P , Mazur A , Shaposhnikova A , Chaloupkova R , Damborsky J , Kuty M , Smatanova IK \| Ref : , 9 :375 , 2019 \| Abstract : Haloalkane dehalogenases are a very important class of microbial enzymes for environmental detoxification of halogenated pollutants, for biocatalysis, biosensing and molecular tagging. The double mutant (Ile44Leu + Gln102His) of the haloalkane dehalogenase DbeA from Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA94 (DbeADCl) was constructed to study the role of the second halide-binding site previously discovered in the wild-type structure. The variant is less active, less stable in the presence of chloride ions and exhibits significantly altered substrate specificity when compared with the DbeAwt. DbeADCl was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion procedure with further optimization by the random microseeding technique. The crystal structure of the DbeADCl has been determined and refined to the 1.4 A resolution. The DbeADCl crystals belong to monoclinic space group C121. The DbeADCl molecular structure was characterized and compared with five known haloalkane dehalogenases selected from the Protein Data Bank \| ESTHER : Pudnikova_2019_Crystals_9_375 \| PubMedSearch : Pudnikova_2019_Crystals_9_375 \| PubMedID: \| Gene_locus related to this paper: brael-e2rv62 \| Title : A combination of spin diffusion methods for the determination of protein-ligand complex structural ensembles - Pilger_2015_Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl_54_6511 \| Author(s) : Pilger J , Mazur A , Monecke P , Schreuder H , Elshorst B , Bartoschek S , Langer T , Schiffer A , Krimm I , Wegstroth M , Lee D , Hessler G , Wendt KU , Becker S , Griesinger C \| Ref : Angew Chem Int Ed Engl , 54 :6511 , 2015 \| Abstract : Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is a powerful and widely used approach to optimize affinity of drug candidates. With the recently introduced INPHARMA method, the binding mode of small molecules to their protein target can be characterized even if no spectroscopic information about the protein is known. Here, we show that the combination of the spin-diffusion-based NMR methods INPHARMA, trNOE, and STD results in an accurate scoring function for docking modes and therefore determination of protein-ligand complex structures. Applications are shown on the model system protein kinase A and the drug targets glycogen phosphorylase and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Multiplexing of several ligands improves the reliability of the scoring function further. The new score allows in the case of sEH detecting two binding modes of the ligand in its binding site, which was corroborated by X-ray analysis. \| ESTHER : Pilger_2015_Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl_54_6511 \| PubMedSearch : Pilger_2015_Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl_54_6511 \| PubMedID: 25877959 \| Gene_locus related to this paper: human-EPHX2 \| Title : Fibroblast activation protein-alpha promotes tumor growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through non-enzymatic functions - Huang_2011_Clin.Exp.Metastasis_28_567 \| Author(s) : Huang Y , Simms AE , Mazur A , Wang S , Leon NR , Jones B , Aziz N , Kelly T \| Ref : Clinical & Experimental Metastasisis , 28 :567 , 2011 \| Abstract : Fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) is a cell surface, serine protease of the post-prolyl peptidase family that is expressed in human breast cancer but not in normal tissues. Previously, we showed that FAP expression increased tumor growth rates in a mouse model of human breast cancer. Here the role of the proteolytic activities of FAP in promoting tumor growth, matrix degradation and invasion was investigated. Mammary fat pads of female SCID mice were inoculated with breast cancer cells that express FAP and the mice treated with normal saline or Val-boroPro (talabostat); Glu-boroPro (PT-630); or 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (LAF-237) that inhibit prolyl peptidases. Other mice were injected with breast cancer cells expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of FAP and did not receive inhibitor treatment. PT-630 and LAF-237 did not slow growth of tumors produced by any of the three cell lines expressing FAP. Talabostat slightly decreased the growth rates of the FAP-expressing tumors but because PT-630 and LAF-237 did not, the growth retardation was likely not related to the inhibition of FAP or the related post-prolyl peptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Breast cancer cells expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of FAP (FAP(S624A)) also produced tumors that grew rapidly. In vitro studies revealed that cells expressing wild type FAP or FAP(S624A) degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) more extensively, accumulate higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in conditioned medium, are more invasive in type I collagen gels, and have altered signaling compared to control transfectants that do not express FAP and form slow growing tumors. We conclude that the proteolytic activity of FAP participates in matrix degradation, but other functions of the protein stimulate increased tumor growth. \| ESTHER : Huang_2011_Clin.Exp.Metastasis_28_567 \| PubMedSearch : Huang_2011_Clin.Exp.Metastasis_28_567 \| PubMedID: 21604185 \| Title : Secreted lipases of Candida albicans: cloning, characterisation and expression analysis of a new gene family with at least ten members - Hube_2000_Arch.Microbiol_174_362 \| Author(s) : Hube B , Stehr F , Bossenz M , Mazur A , Kretschmar M , Schafer W \| Ref : Arch Microbiol , 174 :362 , 2000 \| Abstract : Extracellular lipolytic activity enabled the human pathogen Candida albicans to grow on lipids as the sole source of carbon. Nine new members of a lipase gene family (LIP2-LIP10) with high similarities to the recently cloned lipase gene LIP1 were cloned and characterised. The ORFs of all ten lipase genes are between 1281 and 1416 bp long and encode highly similar proteins with up to 80% identical amino acid sequences. Each deduced lipase sequence has conserved lipase motifs, four conserved cysteine residues, conserved putative N-glycosylation sites and similar hydrophobicity profiles. All LIP genes, except LIP7, also encode an N-terminal signal sequence. LIP3-LIP6 were expressed in all media and at all time points of growth tested as shown by Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses. LIP1, LIP3, LIP4, LIP5, LIP6 and LIP8 were expressed in medium with Tween 40 as a sole source of carbon. However, the same genes were also expressed in media without lipids. Two other genes, LIP2 and LIP9, were only expressed in media lacking lipids. Transcripts of most lipase genes were detected during the yeast-to-hyphal transition. Furthermore, LIP5, LIP6, LIP8 and LIP9 were found to be expressed during experimental infection of mice. These data indicate lipid-independent, highly flexible in vitro and in vivo expression of a large number of LIP genes, possibly reflecting broad lipolytic activity, which may contribute to the persistence and virulence of C. albicans in human tissue. \| ESTHER : Hube_2000_Arch.Microbiol_174_362 \| PubMedSearch : Hube_2000_Arch.Microbiol_174_362 \| PubMedID: 11131027 \| Gene_locus related to this paper: canal-LIP1 , canal-LIP2 , canal-LIP3 , canal-LIP4 , canal-LIP5 , canal-LIP6 , canal-LIP7 , canal-LIP8 , canal-LIP9 , canal-LIP10 \| Title : Mechanism of in vitro and in vivo inhibition of cholinesterase activity by diisopropyl fluorophosphate - \| Author(s) : Bodansky O , Mazur A \| Ref : Federation Proceedings , 5 :123 , 1946 \| PubMedID: 21066635 \| Title : An enzyme in animal tissues capable of hydrolyzing the phosphorus-fluorine bond of alkyl fluorophosphates - \| Author(s) : Mazur A \| Ref : Journal of Biological Chemistry , 164 :271 , 1946 \| PubMedID: \|
Why is my child missing permanent teeth? Besides genetic causes, experts suggest that advanced maternal age, low birth weight, maternal smoking, incidences of rubella, and other hormonal, environmental and infectious conditions may also be linked to missing teeth. Are missing teeth hereditary? Some people are born without certain teeth, and this condition is called congenitally missing teeth. Genetic factors cause congenitally missing teeth and this condition is often seen in generations of a family. The most common missing teeth are wisdom teeth, upper lateral incisors, and second premolars/bicuspids. Is hypodontia a birth defect? Hypodontia (dental agenesis) is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, constituting a clinically challenging problem. Hypodontia is often used as a collective term for congenitally missing teeth, although specifically, it describes the absence of one to six teeth, excluding third molars. How late can permanent teeth come in? Baby teeth continue to fall out, and permanent teeth continue to replace them, until a child is around 11 to 13 years old. How do you fix hypodontia? Treatment for hypodontia generally involves a combination of orthodontic interventions, such as braces to align teeth or correct spacing, as well as prosthetics, such as dental implants or bridges, to replace missing teeth. Is missing teeth a disability? Therefore, an individual should be considered to have a dental disability if orofacial pain, infection, or pathological condition and/or lack of functional dentition affect nutritional intake, growth and development, or participation in life activities. What is the most common missing tooth? The mandibular second premolar was reported as the most commonly missing tooth in most studies, followed by the maxillary lateral (the most commonly missing in the rest). How long does it take for children's teeth to grow back? It could be months before you see a new tooth coming out in place of the fallen tooth. In general, after the baby tooth has fallen off, it takes approximately six months to grow a permanent adult tooth at its place. How long does it take for permanent front teeth to come in? Once the baby tooth has fallen out it can take as long as six months for the permanent adult tooth to appear in its place. Sometimes the gap can remain unfilled for a lot longer, causing concern in parents about the development of their child's teeth. Can braces fix hypodontia? Braces. Braces are likely to be the first part of hypodontia treatment. They are used not just for teeth straightening, but also to move teeth, sometimes to fill in gaps and sometimes to move teeth to create space for other treatments. What causes hypodontia in children? Hypodontia is usually the result of a problem with the band of tissue under the gums (dental lamina) where the teeth form. The most common cause of these problems is heredity or family history. A mutation of one of the specific genes which help form the dental lamina properly can lead to hypodontia. How common is hypodontia? Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. It may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9%, depending on the population studied. What causes missing teeth in children? Causes of Missing Teeth. Certain systemic conditions, usually inherited disorders, also result in multiple missing teeth. One of the most common genetic defects affecting teeth is called ectodermal dysplasia. Individuals affected by this syndrome often have missing teeth. A patient with congenitally missing teeth associated with ectodermal What are the best options to replace missing teeth? Dental implants. Implants are the replacement tooth option that's closest to a real tooth. What to do child is missing permanent teeth? – preserve the primary tooth – replace the missing tooth – orthodontically close the space What can you do for missing teeth? Causes of Missing Teeth. All people lose their initial,or primary,set of teeth (commonly known as baby teeth) as they age.
In recent years, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have gained significant attention in the world of digital assets. However, for many individuals, understanding the basics of NFTs can be a daunting task. That's where the concept of "Co to NFT" comes in, aiming to simplify and educate individuals about the fundamentals of NFTs in a user-friendly and accessible manner. Understanding NFTs: A Closer Look at Co to NFT The rise of NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) has taken the art and collectibles world by storm, transforming the way we perceive and buy digital assets. Co to NFT is an innovative platform that aims to educate and engage individuals in the world of NFTs. This article takes a closer look at Co to NFT and explores the various aspects of NFTs that make them unique and valuable. From the concept of digital ownership to the role of blockchain technology in ensuring transparency and security, Co to NFT provides an in-depth understanding of this booming industry. 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Learning about NFTs through "Co to NFT" offers several benefits. Firstly, it provides individuals with insights into a booming industry that has the potential to reshape traditional markets and empower creators. Secondly, it equips individuals with knowledge on how to securely buy, sell, and interact with NFTs. This knowledge can help individuals make informed decisions and avoid potential scams or pitfalls. Lastly, understanding NFTs through "Co to NFT" allows individuals to actively engage with the digital art and collectibles community, fostering new opportunities for investment and collaboration. Hi, my name is Brandan Henry, and I'm an NFT, Blockchain, and Research enthusiast, as well as a content writer for NFT-onomics. I'm deeply passionate about exploring the potential of NFTs and blockchain technology. My mission is to educate people on the capabilities of non-fungible tokens and their applications. I stay up-to-date with the latest NFT news and trends, and as a full-time writer, I excel at generating creative, out-of-the-box ideas surrounding NFTs.
Dubai is a city of technology, progress and future. Here, no one is nostalgic or reflective on the past. You will never hear in Dubai that the grass used to be greener and the air used to be cleaner. The UAE government and the residents themselves live exclusively in the future and compete only with themselves. Every year the country and Dubai itself should get better. And these are not dreams, but concrete plans. In 2021 his Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai presented and launched the Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan, which shows comprehensive future map for sustainable urban development of the city. The main idea is to improve the quality of people's lives and make them happier. In the UAE, there are state Happiness Centers all over the country that listen to the citizens and take into account their requests (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum even wrote a book about happiness). The well-being of the residents is as important to the UAE as economic success. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum strongly believes that Dubai can be the world's best quality of life city in the world. To implement this plan he requested to provide the highest standards of urban infrastructure and facilities in the city. Let's have a closer look, how Dubai is going to change by 2040, and why we will all be able actually to enjoy summer in this city in 17 years. 1. The 20 Minutes City Dubai is practically not suitable for pedestrians and cyclists. there are several great routes for walking and cycling, but globally there are few sidewalks, comfortable crossings in the city, it is quite dusty and dirty on the roads. But this will change by 2040. 'The 20 Minutes City' is part of the Dubai 2040 Urban Master, which will allow residents to access 80% of their daily needs and destinations within 20 minutes on foot or by bicycle. The plan will also improve the urban transport system. In 2040 the distance to the nearest bus or metro stop will be about 800 meters for more than half of Dubai's residents. Also to make this plan real UAE government is planning to built The Loop — sustainable 93km cycling and wellness highway. The Loop is a climate-controlled urban road, which will become home to new hotels, urban parks, vertical farms and sports facilities. This highway will be powered by kinetic flooring and will be operating on 100% renewable energy. Now the project is in research and development stage, but knowing Dubai and its striving to be the most modern city, we are quite sure The Loop will be completed. 2. Green areas Emirati and Arabs are not as accustomed to walking and spending time on the street as expats who have been actively moving to Dubai in the last 10 years. Now the city is in dire need of parks and green areas where you can have picnics, walk the dog or engage in active sports. But Dubai is also actively solving this problem. "Our goal is for Dubai to be an eco- and pedestrian-friendly city, and a city with a high yield from urban agriculture", said Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. First of all government plans to double green and leisure areas. Then they plan to increase the length of well-maintained beaches by 400%. This spring, three night beaches opened in Dubai at once, where you can swim after sunset, when the heat subsides. This is one of the main rescues in the summer — you can safely walk to the night beach, swim and freshen up. Also Dubai wants 60% of the emirate's land to comprise nature reserves and natural areas. It may seem to you that the flora and fauna in the UAE is very poor, but in fact this is a delusion. in the desert, you can find many rare plants and animals that suffer greatly due to safari excursions and uncontrolled trips of tourists in cars, motorcycles and buggies. The Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan seeks to preserve the nature of areas including Lehbab, Margham, Al Marmoom, Al Lisaili, Al Faqaa and Al Aweer, and provide a variety of services and amenities to residents and visitors to enhance their wellbeing. 3. Hatta Destination №1 Many who live in Dubai for years have never been to Hatta — a tiny city in the mountains where you can kayak on mountain lakes and go hiking. A few years ago the UAE authorities began to turn Hatta into a popular tourist destination, but in 2040 it will be the number one destination. 4. Saih Al Salam scenic route The Loop project and the improvement of Hatta are not enough for you? Then have a look at Saih Al Salam Scenic Route — a 100km-long road for vehicles and bicycles which will include facilities to provide a holistic tourism experience. Under this initiative camps and lodges in the form of glass domes with panoramic windows will be built along the road with open lounges that will allow people to enjoy their stay beside the existing lakes in the area. A Caravan Park fitted with the infrastructure and public facilities will be built there together with an outdoor cinema.
Enteric Salmonella is one of the food microbial pathogens. Among all the subspecies, Salmonella typhimurium LT2, of which chromosomal DNA has been sequenced and found out to be similar to that of Escherichia coli, is one of the major microorganisms for the current research study. Methionine biosynthesis is an essential metabolic pathway for bacterial growth. The final step for methionine biosynthesis is mediated by the metE-encoded MetE enzyme (cobalamin-independent methionine synthase). In this study, via constructing the Salmonella chromosomal DNA library, we identified the regulators of metE through a genome-wide screen. Our results revealed that the genes rseB, metB, ycjE, fabI, nifU, and nifS may encode the products that affect the expression of metE. These genes fall into catagories with a wide variety of cellular functions, suggesting the expression of metE as well as methionine biosynthesis may be under complicated regulations in enteric Salmonella. Furthermore, the gene-library based screening method used in this study is also likely to be applied for other related study. Original language \| English \| Pages (from-to) \| 94-101 \| Number of pages \| 8 \| Journal \| Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science \| Volume \| 51 \| Issue number \| 2 \| Publication status \| Published - 2013 Apr \| All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes - Food Science - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Agronomy and Crop Science
Unveiling the truth: remoulade sauce vs. russian dressing – a battle of culinary titans What To Know - Remoulade sauce is a versatile condiment that can be used in a variety of applications. - It can also be used as a dipping sauce for vegetables or as a spread for sandwiches and wraps. - Russian dressing is higher in sugar and carbohydrates than remoulade sauce due to the addition of ketchup and chili sauce. When it comes to creamy, tangy condiments, remoulade sauce and Russian dressing often find themselves in the culinary spotlight. While they share some similarities, these two sauces have distinct flavors and textures that set them apart. In this blog post, we will delve into the world of remoulade sauce vs Russian dressing, exploring their origins, ingredients, uses, and flavor profiles to help you choose the perfect condiment for your next culinary adventure. Origins and History Remoulade Sauce Remoulade sauce has its roots in French cuisine, where it originated as a cold, mayonnaise-based condiment. The name "remoulade" is believed to come from the French word "remoudre," which means "to grind," referring to the process of grinding capers and other ingredients to create the sauce. Russian Dressing Russian dressing, on the other hand, is an American invention. It was created in the early 1900s by a chef at the Hermitage Hotel in New York City. The dressing was inspired by Russian cuisine but adapted to American tastes. Ingredients and Preparation Remoulade Sauce The base of remoulade sauce is mayonnaise, but it is distinguished by the addition of various ingredients that give it its characteristic flavor. These ingredients typically include: - Dijon mustard - Chopped gherkins - Capers - Chopped parsley - Onion - Lemon juice - Salt and pepper Russian Dressing Russian dressing also starts with mayonnaise as a base. However, it incorporates different ingredients to create a sweeter and more tomato-forward flavor. These ingredients include: - Ketchup - Chili sauce - Horseradish - Chopped onion - Chopped celery - Salt and pepper Flavor Profiles Remoulade Sauce Remoulade sauce has a tangy, herbaceous flavor with a hint of sweetness. The capers and gherkins add a salty and slightly briny element, while the parsley brings a fresh, earthy note. The lemon juice provides a bright acidity that balances the richness of the mayonnaise. Russian Dressing Russian dressing has a sweeter, more tomato-based flavor than remoulade sauce. The ketchup and chili sauce give it a tangy sweetness, while the horseradish adds a subtle heat. The chopped onion and celery add a crunchy texture and a hint of sharpness. Remoulade Sauce Remoulade sauce is a versatile condiment that can be used in a variety of applications. It is commonly served as an accompaniment to seafood dishes, such as fried fish, shrimp, or oysters. It can also be used as a dipping sauce for vegetables or as a spread for sandwiches and wraps. Russian Dressing Russian dressing is primarily used as a salad dressing, particularly for salads with a combination of sweet and savory ingredients. It is also popular as a dipping sauce for appetizers such as chicken wings or potato skins. Health Considerations Remoulade Sauce Remoulade sauce is generally higher in fat and calories than Russian dressing due to its mayonnaise base. However, it does contain some beneficial ingredients, such as capers, which are a good source of antioxidants. Russian Dressing Russian dressing is higher in sugar and carbohydrates than remoulade sauce due to the addition of ketchup and chili sauce. It is also typically lower in fat and calories. Which Sauce is Right for You? The choice between remoulade sauce and Russian dressing ultimately depends on your personal preferences and the dish you are serving. If you prefer a tangy, herbaceous flavor, remoulade sauce is a great option. If you prefer a sweeter, tomato-based flavor, Russian dressing is a better choice. Final Note: The Remoulade vs Russian Dressing Dilemma Remoulade sauce and Russian dressing are two distinct and flavorful condiments that offer unique culinary experiences. By understanding their origins, ingredients, flavor profiles, and uses, you can choose the perfect sauce to enhance your next meal. Whether you prefer the tangy freshness of remoulade or the sweet and savory notes of Russian dressing, these condiments are sure to add depth and flavor to your dishes. Common Questions and Answers 1. What is the difference between remoulade sauce and tartar sauce? Tartar sauce is another mayonnaise-based condiment, but it typically contains chopped pickles or relish instead of capers and gherkins. It also has a milder flavor than remoulade sauce. 2. Can I make remoulade sauce without mayonnaise? Yes, you can make a vegan or dairy-free version of remoulade sauce by using a plant-based mayonnaise substitute or by making your own mayonnaise from scratch using plant-based milk. 3. What are some variations of Russian dressing? There are many variations of Russian dressing, including: - Thousand Island dressing, which adds chopped hard-boiled eggs and olives - Catalina dressing, which uses ketchup and vinegar instead of chili sauce

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