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Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the skill of joint ventures. In today's interconnected and competitive business landscape, the ability to forge successful collaborations is crucial. Joint ventures involve partnering with other individuals or organizations to achieve mutual goals and leverage each other's strengths. Whether you're an entrepreneur, business professional, or aspiring leader, mastering this skill can open doors to new opportunities and accelerate your success.
Joint ventures play a pivotal role in a wide range of occupations and industries. In business, they enable companies to pool resources, share risks, and tap into new markets. Entrepreneurs can utilize joint ventures to access expertise, expand their customer base, and drive innovation. In the technology sector, joint ventures facilitate research and development collaborations, leading to breakthrough innovations. Moreover, professionals in finance, marketing, and project management can enhance their career growth by effectively executing joint ventures. By mastering this skill, individuals can foster strategic partnerships, increase their network, and achieve greater success in their chosen field.
Explore the practical applications of joint ventures through real-world examples and case studies. Witness how a software company partnered with a hardware manufacturer to create an innovative product that revolutionized the industry. Discover how a fashion brand collaborated with a celebrity to launch a successful clothing line, leveraging the celebrity's influence and brand recognition. Learn how a nonprofit organization joined forces with a corporate sponsor to maximize their impact and fundraising efforts. These examples illustrate the versatility and potential of joint ventures across diverse careers and scenarios.
At the beginner level, individuals should focus on understanding the fundamentals of joint ventures. Start by familiarizing yourself with key concepts, such as identifying suitable partners, defining goals, and negotiating agreements. Recommended resources for skill development include online courses, such as 'Introduction to Joint Ventures' and 'Fundamentals of Collaboration.' Additionally, books like 'The Art of Joint Ventures' provide valuable insights and practical tips for beginners.
At the intermediate level, individuals should enhance their proficiency in executing joint ventures. This includes developing advanced negotiation skills, assessing risks, and managing partnerships effectively. Recommended resources for skill development include courses such as 'Advanced Joint Venture Strategies' and 'Managing Successful Collaborations.' Reading books like 'Strategic Alliances' and 'The Joint Venture Handbook' can also provide valuable strategies and case studies.
At the advanced level, individuals should strive for mastery in leading and strategizing joint ventures. This involves honing leadership skills, navigating complex legal and financial aspects, and driving strategic decision-making. Recommended resources for skill development include courses such as 'Mastering Joint Venture Leadership' and 'Strategic Planning for Collaborations.' Books like 'The Art of Partnering' and 'The Joint Venture Checklist' offer advanced insights and guidance for professionals aiming to excel in joint ventures.By following these development pathways and utilizing the recommended resources, individuals can progressively enhance their joint venture skills, unlocking new opportunities and achieving remarkable career growth. |
HVO Fuel: What Is It and How Do You Store It
Trailer Engineering | 25th January 2021
Fuel Bowsers for HVO Fuel
HVO fuel has been around for a number of years, but since the advent of electric vehicles, people are starting to take an interest again as hvo fuel can be used as a replacement for diesel in most instances.
What Is HVO Fuel?
Hvo fuel, or hydrogenated vegetable oil, is a biofuel made from plant-based oils. It can be used as a replacement for diesel fuel in most instances and has been around for a number of years. There are two main types of hvo fuel: straight hvo and biodiesel hvo.
Straight hvo comprises hvo fuel, while biodiesel hydrotreated vegetable oil contains both hvo fuel and biodiesel. Biodiesel hydrotreated vegetable oil is the most common type of hvo fuel available today. Hydrotreated vegetable oil is created by hydrogenating plant-based oils to create a long-chain hydrocarbon molecule. This process makes the oil more stable so that it can be stored and transported without any problems.
Benefits Of Using HVO Fuel
100% Renewable & Sustainable Diesel
Hydrotreated vegetable oil is made from plant-based oils, so it is a renewable and sustainable energy source. Reduced Emissions: hvo fuel emits up to 90% fewer emissions than diesel fuel, making it a more environmentally friendly option. Additionally, hydrotreated vegetable oil is non-toxic, meaning it does not produce any harmful fumes or pollutants when burned.
Vastly Improved Air Quality
Hvo fuel is much cleaner and purer than diesel, reducing particle emissions in the air. Hydrotreated vegetable oil is also a more durable fuel. This is because hydrotreated vegetable oil does not break down when exposed to heat or cold like biodiesel can, which means that you won't need to replace your fuel storage containers as often. It also offers better protection against corrosion.
High Performance
Hvo fuel offers the same performance as diesel fuel, so it can be used in any engine that runs on hvo diesel.
Highly Efficient
As an extremely efficient fuel, hydrotreated vegetable oil produces less carbon dioxide when burned compared to diesel (70+). The cetane number indicates how well a chemical burns within the combustion chamber; higher numbers mean faster ignition resulting in improved engine performance and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
How To Store HVO Fuel:
Hydrotreated vegetable oil must be stored in a cool, dry place and should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Keeping hvo fuel away from heat sources and flames is also essential. The best way to store hydrotreated vegetable oil is in an airtight container that is made from stainless steel or plastic. You can also purchase diesel fuel storage tanks that are specifically designed for storing hvo fuel. These tanks come in a variety of sizes and can hold up to 500 gallons of hvo fuel. It is important to note that hvo fuel must be stored separately from biodiesel, as the two fuels cannot be mixed. Biodiesel will contaminate hvo fuel and make it unusable.
In conclusion, hydrotreated vegetable oil is a renewable diesel and a sustainable source of energy that offers many benefits over traditional diesel fuel. It is crucial to store hydrotreated vegetable oil in a cool, dry place and avoid flames and heat sources. Hvo storage tanks are available for purchase, so you can easily keep your hvo fuel safely and securely.
Are Fuel Cubes the Right HVO Fuel Storage Solution for You? Read Our Guide to Find Out.
Looking for the ideal storage solution for hvo fuel? Discover the benefits of using fuel cubes to store hydrotreated vegetable oil by checking out our guide here.
Do you have any questions?
If you have any questions, get in touch with a member of our friendly team today at +44(0)1384 564765 , by emailing [email protected] or by using our quick and simple contact form. We look forward to hearing from you. |
Time often seems to be in short supply, the idea of improving one's health with short bursts of activity may sound too good to be true. However, a groundbreaking study published in the journal The Lancet Public Health has revealed that even the briefest moments of physical activity, integrated into daily tasks, can have a profound impact on one's overall health.
This research demonstrates that every minute truly counts when it comes to improving health and well-being, proving that the path to a healthier life might be shorter than we think.
The study, led by senior author Emmanuel Stamatakis, a professor of physical activity, lifestyle, and population health at the University of Sydney, focused on the daily routines of more than 25,000 adults aged 42 to 78 in the United Kingdom.
Participants wore fitness trackers akin to popular devices like Apple Watches or Fitbits for two years, while their health records were monitored for almost eight years to establish links between their physical activity levels and health outcomes.
Notably, the participants did not engage in structured exercise or sports; instead, their physical activity primarily consisted of short bursts lasting less than 10 minutes. The results of the study were astonishing. Those who incorporated just 1 to 3 minutes of physical activity into their daily routines experienced some health benefits. However, individuals who committed to 5 to 10 minutes of daily movement enjoyed the most significant improvements.
The impact of these short bursts of activity was staggering. The study revealed a 52% decrease in the risk of premature death, as well as a 41% decrease in the risks of heart attack and stroke, when compared to individuals who remained sedentary. This data reinforces the idea that even the briefest moments of physical activity can contribute to a longer and healthier life.
While the total duration of activity required to reap these health benefits remained under 10 minutes, the intensity and duration of each bout of activity were still important factors. Those who engaged in a minimum of 2 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity activity saw greater health benefits than those who engaged in 30 seconds of low-intensity activity.
Moderate intensity, as defined by Stamatakis, involves challenging physical activity where one can still speak comfortably but find it challenging to sing.
In contrast, vigorous intensity means the individual cannot speak more than a few words due to the exertion. The study found that the sweet spot for vigorous intensity was approximately 10 seconds per minute, emphasizing its significant health benefits.
These findings align with the broader body of research demonstrating that regular physical activity can significantly improve health and reduce the risk of various diseases. Notably, centenarians, who have reached the remarkable age of 100 years or more, are not typically "super athletes" who engage in several hours of daily exercise. Instead, an active lifestyle with short bursts of activity appears to be a more sustainable and effective approach to achieving a longer and healthier life.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT), a popular exercise routine involving short bursts of intense exercise with breaks in between, shares the same principle. Marc Roig, a physical and occupational therapy professor at McGill University in Montreal, emphasizes the importance of finding the right balance between intensity and duration, with 10-minute bouts of activity being ideal for tapping into the body's energy-storing and burning mechanisms.
Dr. Susan Spratt, an endocrinologist and senior medical director for the Population Health Management Office at Duke Health in North Carolina, highlights the relevance of these findings for individuals with desk jobs who often find themselves sitting for extended periods. She suggests integrating dedicated periods of activity into the workday to promote overall health.
This groundbreaking study underscores the immense potential of short bursts of physical activity in improving health and preventing disease. It encourages individuals with busy lifestyles, desk jobs, or limited time for structured exercise to embrace this approach to enhance their well-being.
As Professor Stamatakis aptly summarizes, engaging in brief bouts of physical activity is "very, very promising," offering a lifeline to those unwilling or unable to commit to traditional exercise regimens. In a world that often values prolonged workouts, this research reminds us that even the shortest moments of movement can be lifesavers. |
Right Sentence
Writing sentences in the right way includes writing them error-free. First, we will discuss the types of errors.
1. Types of Errors
- Wrong-word errors
- Punctuation errors
- Usage errors
2. The sentence fragment
3. The run-on sentence
4. A dangling participle.
5. Lack of parallel structure.
1. Types of Errors
i. Wrong-word Errors
commonly confuse words
a. It's / Its / Its.'
It's a wonderful day! (Contraction of "it is")
Download the author notes, along with their details. (possessive)
b. Affect / Effect
The outage shouldn't affect anyone during work hours. (Verb – to act on, influence)
The outage shouldn't have any effect on users. (Noun – result)
c. You're / Your
You're going to be a great writer! (Contraction of "you are")
Your hair looks nice today. (possessive)
d. Who's / Whose
Who's on first base? (Contraction of "who is")
Whose watch is this? (possession)
e. They're / Their / There
They're going to Museum together. (Contraction of "they are")
The students are in their winter break. (possessive)
Please place my book there. (adv. – indicates location/direction)
f. You're / Your
You're going to be a great actor! (Contraction of "you are")
Your hair is so long and soft. (possessive)
g. To / Too / Two
We are going to a park. (preposition)
Maria decided to go along too. (adv. – also)
My shirt is too small. (adv. – to a great extent)
I have two new flats in Paris. (number)
ii. Punctuation Errors
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) to join two independent clauses.
- The cricket match was over, but the crowd refused to leave.
- Yesterday was her birthday, so they went out to dinner.
Use commas after introductory clauses, phrases, or words that come before the main clause.
- While she was eating, the dog barked at the door.
- To get a seat, you'd better come early.
- Well, perhaps they meant no harm.
Commas should be used to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in
a series.
- The Indian Constitution establishes the government's legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- Use commas to set apart a parenthetical phrase in a sentence.
- For example, my friend Juliet lives in Chicago and is a yoga teacher.
Use a semi-colon between two related independent clauses that are not joined by a
- The participants in the first study were paid; those in the second were unpaid.
- Use a semi-colon to separate elements in a series that already contains commas.
- The students in the class were from Lynchburg, Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Raleigh, North Carolina.
iii. Usage Errors
Subject-verb agreement
a. Singular Subjects Must have Singular Verbs.
- Plural subjects must have plural verbs.
Rule of Thumb:
- Subjects ending in "s" are plural
- Verbs ending in "s" are singular
b. Correcting Agreement Errors:
- Become familiar with irregular verb forms. (Focus on the subject, not any additional modifiers)
High levels of mercury occur in some fish.
What we need are more pots and pans.
c. Verb Tense:
Verb tenses should be consistent throughout your writing.
- Reviews of literature should be in the present tense.
- Historical events should be in the past tense.
- Correcting tense shifts:
- Be consistent throughout your sentences and paragraphs.
- Be familiar with verb forms and tenses.
A complete sentence must have three components:
- A subject (the doer in the sentence)
- A predicate (the verb or action)
- A complete thought (it can stand alone and make sense).
Sentence Fragments Error
A fragment is a sentence that is incomplete and, therefore, not grammatically correct. Sentence fragments are problematic because they are disjointed and confusing to the reader.
There are Three Main Causes of Fragments:
- A missing subject;
- A missing verb;
- An incomplete thought (it cannot stand alone and does not make sense).
Features of Fragment
- Is an incomplete sentence.
- It cannot stand alone and does not express a complete thought. Some fragments lack either a subject or verb or both.
- Dependent clauses are also fragments if they stand alone.
Examples of Fragments:
- Went out of business after Starbucks Coffee opened.
- One of my friends who won a contest by playing a variety of instruments.
- Since I went fishing.
- A run-on sentence is a sentence comprised of two or more independent clauses not properly separated.
- Lack of punctuation and conjunctions
- Incorrect punctuation
- A comma splice—two independent clauses joined by a comma—is a run-on sentence.
- A run-on sentence is not simply a long sentence.
A run-on sentence is one which actually contains two (or more) complete sentences without the proper punctuation to create separate sentences.
There are two common forms of run-on:
- The "comma splice" in which a comma is inserted between two complete sentences where a period should actually be used;
- A lack of punctuation where a semi-colon or period is needed.
Examples – The comma splice
- Joseph is a musician; he plays the guitar for his livelihood
- The girl walked home; she decided not to ride the bus.
Correct answers:
- Joseph is a musician. He plays the guitar for his livelihood
- The girl walked home. She decided not to ride the bus.
4. A Dangling Participle
A dangling participle is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated or an unintended noun in the sentence.
- Correcting dangling participles:
- Reword the sentence.
- Provide the missing information.
5. Pronoun Antecedents' Agreement
A pronoun is a word which is used instead of nouns.
Antecedents are the words that the pronouns refer to.
Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number, gender, and person.
- Number = singular or plural
- Gender = masculine, feminine, or neuter
6. Parallel Structure
The parallel structure of a sentence refers to the extent to which different parts of the sentence match each other in form. For example, when more than one phrase or description is used in a sentence, those phrases or descriptions should be consistent with one another in their form and wording. Parallel structure is important because it enhances the ease with which the reader can follow the writer's idea.
Consider the following examples.
Examples of Parallel Structure:
1. John is strong and a tough competitor.
Notice that "strong" and "a tough competitor" are not the in the same form. "Strong" and "competitive" are consistent in form.
2. In the last minute of the game, John intercepted the football, evaded the tacklers, and scored a touchdown.
Notice that the first two phrases in this sentence are consistent with one another: "intercepted the football" and "evaded the tacklers." However, the final phrase, "and a touchdown was scored," is inconsistent with the first two phrases.
Correction of Parallel Structure
- He is strong and competitive.
- In the last minute of the game, John intercepted the football, evaded the tacklers, and scored a touchdown.
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Memoir: A memoir is a narrative written from an author's perspective about a particular facet of his/her own life. 'Memoir' word comes from the French word 'memoire', which means 'memory' or 'reminiscence'. Example Night: Elie Wiesel gives an account of how he survived his teenage years at Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps during World War […]
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Every story or paragraph or non-fictional text has at least one main idea. The MAIN IDEA is what the text is mostly about. (It is backed up or supported by SUPPORTING DETAILS) Before discussing how to find the main idea, we shall first look at TOPIC. Can you define a topic? A topic can be […]
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One thing we hear in almost all introductory ML lessons is to split the given data RANDOMLY into train and validation sets.
Random splitting makes sense because it ensures that the data is divided without any bias.
However, I have come across many situations where random splitting is fatal for model building. Yet, many people don't realize it.
And I am not talking about temporal datasets here.
Let me explain!
Consider you are building a model that generates captions for images.
Due to the inherent nature of language, every image can have many different captions:
Now, you might realize what would happen if we randomly split this dataset into train and validation sets.
During the random split, the same data point (image) will be available in the train and validation sets.
This is a typical example of data leakage, which results in high overfitting!
This type of leakage is also known as group leakage.
From the above discussion, it is clear that random splitting is the cause of the problem.
Group shuffle split helps us solve this.
There are two steps:
Group all training instances corresponding to one image (or features that may result in leakage, any other grouping criteria, etc.).
After grouping, the whole group must be randomly sent to either the training set or the validation set.
This will prevent the group leakage we witnessed earlier and prevent overfitting.
One thing to note here is that in the above example, all features in the dataset, i.e., the image pixels, contributed to the grouping criteria.
But more generally speaking, there could only be a subset of features that must be grouped together for data splitting.
For instance, consider a dataset containing medical imaging data. Each sample consists of multiple images (e.g., different views of the same patient's body part), and the model is intended to detect the severity of a disease.
In this case, it is crucial to group all images corresponding to the same patient together and then perform data splitting. Otherwise, it will result in data leakage and the model will not generalize well to new patients.
If you use Sklearn, the GroupShuffleSplit
implements this idea.
Consider we have the following dataset:
are the features.y
is the target variable.group
denotes the grouping criteria.
First, we import the GroupShuffleSplit
from sklearn and instantiate the object:
The split()
method of this object lets us perform group splitting:
This returns a generator, and we can unpack it to get the following output:
As demonstrated above:
The data points in groups "A" and "C" are together in the training set.
The data points in group "B" are together in the validation/test set.
Other than the above technique, I discussed 11 more high-utility techniques in a recent article here: 11 Powerful Techniques To Supercharge Your ML Models.
👉 Over to you: What are some other ways data leakage may kick in?
Thanks for reading!
Whenever you are ready, here's one more way I can help you:
Every week, I publish 1-2 in-depth deep dives (typically 20+ mins long). Here are some of the latest ones that you will surely like:
[FREE] A Beginner-friendly and Comprehensive Deep Dive on Vector Databases.
A Detailed and Beginner-Friendly Introduction to PyTorch Lightning: The Supercharged PyTorch
You Are Probably Building Inconsistent Classification Models Without Even Realizing
Why Sklearn's Logistic Regression Has no Learning Rate Hyperparameter?
PyTorch Models Are Not Deployment-Friendly! Supercharge Them With TorchScript.
Federated Learning: A Critical Step Towards Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning.
You Cannot Build Large Data Projects Until You Learn Data Version Control!
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Magnesium is a naturally occurring metal that is light in weight with good mechanical properties. It has a silvery-gray cast and is one of the lightest structural metals. Let us take a deeper look at the unique properties and applications of Magnesium Rod.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Magnesium has a density of 1.738 g/cm3, which is about two-thirds that of aluminum and less than a quarter of steel or copper. This makes it very light for its strength. It has a hexagonal lattice structure at room temperature that gives it unique characteristics.
Magnesium reacts readily with oxygen and burns with a brilliant white light when ignited. It forms a greyish coating of magnesium oxide when exposed to air that protects the metal underneath. Magnesium also reacts with most non-noble metals like iron, nickel, and cobalt when heated. It reacts vigorously with water and dilute acids producing hydrogen gas. Chlorine and other halogens also corrode magnesium readily.
Mechanical Properties
Despite its low density, magnesium has good mechanical properties and strength-to-weight ratios. It has a tensile strength ranging from 130-410 MPa, tensile yield strength of 80-350 MPa, and elastic modulus of 41-45 GPa. Some key properties include:
– High Strength-To-Weight Ratio – Magnesium is over 25% stronger than aluminum but is 35% lighter.
– Good Machinability – Magnesium alloys can be readily machined, drilled, tapped, milled, and tooled to close tolerances.
– Damping Capacity – Magnesium's hexagonal structure gives it high internal friction that translates to good sound and vibration damping abilities.
– Recyclability – Magnesium alloys can be readily recycled with low remelting energy requirements compared to other metals.
Applications of Magnesium Rods
Automotive: Magnesium sheets and rods are used extensively in automotive applications to reduce vehicle weight. Components include gearbox housings, steering wheels, seat frames, and other structural parts.
Aviation And Aerospace: Magnesium's high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft construction. Components include chairs, helicopter gears, cases for electronics and landing gears.
Sports Equipment: Fishing rods, golf club heads, cricket bats, and other sporting goods use magnesium for its lightness and mechanical strength.
Industrial Machinery: Machinery housings, compressors, pumps, agricultural and construction equipment utilize magnesium sheets and die-castings.
Electronics: Housings for laptop computers, mobile phones, televisions use magnesium to reduce weight.
Alloys And Manufacturing
Commercially pure magnesium has limited applications due to its low strength and purity problems. Various alloying elements are added to enhance its corrosion resistance and strength. Common commercial alloys include:
– AZ magnesium alloys with aluminum and zinc – Good workability with high strength.
– AM alloys with aluminum and manganese – Increased strength and corrosion resistance.
– Elektron alloys containing aluminum, manganese, and other rare earth metals impart high creep resistance up to 250°C.
– Magnesium rods are produced through extrusion or casting of heated alloyed magnesium ingots. This aligns the hexagonal structure along the rod axis improving mechanical properties. Machining can further modify the rods according to applications.
Ongoing Research And Future Outlook
Research is ongoing to develop advanced magnesium alloys with improved strength, ductility, creep resistance, and corrosion protection for elevated temperature applications up to 300°C. Newer alloys like WE magnesium demonstrate significant potential. Powder metallurgy, rare earth alloying, and composite reinforcements are extending magnesium's capabilities. Overall, magnesium's light weight, strength, and environmental sustainability ensure its continued expansion in future mobility, aerospace, industrial and technological applications.
- Source: CoherentMI, Public sources, Desk research
- We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it |
There's a growing need for the treatment of powerlifting injuries.
Powerlifting and olympic weight-lifting has made a huge impact in the health and fitness industry. The trend we are seeing in gyms today is the addition of more squat racks, dead-lifting platforms and bumper plates. Lifting obscene amounts of weight by men and women has become increasingly popular in the gym community. This is matched by an increase in traumatic and repetitive strain injuries from this sport. Our therapists understand the complex movement patterns involved in the sport of powerlifting and olympic weight-lifting, and can effectively manage the common injuries that result through suboptimal technique and excessive overload. We can also provide you with restorative exercises that will ensure the longevity of your participation in the sport as well as working to prevent future injury.
Powerlifting revolves around three primary lifts:
- Squat
- Dead lift
- Bench Press
Powerlifters may include other movements into their exercise programs such as the shoulder press, front squat, sumo deadlift, and/or a variety of others. Their programming can depend on a number of factors including strength goals, physique or other limitations. Whilst the ultimate goal is to succeed in the three primary lifts, the route to success for each athlete can vary greatly. Being familiar with these aspects of the sport are integral to a therapist's understanding of how to manage the athlete.
The primary lifts share a common risk factor with regard to joint health – compressive stress.
The squat and the deadlift produce large amounts of compression through the spine, whilst the bench press creates compression mostly through the shoulders. Whilst the body can withstand some of this loading, and even relies on compression to carry out certain metabolic processes, too much compression can be detrimental to the joints. Consistent over-loading of the joints may lead to premature degeneration and arthritis. The repetitive nature of this type of training also inevitably leads to wear and tear of the relevant anatomical structures. There is thus a need for therapeutic and preventative care amongst the powerlifting and weight-lifting community.
This care revolves around three pivotal premises: expert assessment, effective treatment, and preventative measures. Our therapists understand the relevant movement patterns involved in the sport of powerlifting and use this knowledge to identify your particular injury or shortcoming. Through extensive training and years of experience, we are well-equipped to provide high-quality treatment and useful take-home advice.
How can The Physicaltherapy Centre help?
Our therapists take an active interest in many sports, including powerlifting. Whilst we may not claim to be expert powerlifters, we do claim to have expert knowledge in understanding human movement, how the body responds to loading, and the development of repetitive strain injuries. We understand that people have different interests within the health and fitness industry and so we are committed to helping them achieve their goals. It is our goal to help you continue to do what it is you love and enjoy.
We believe that the combination of our treatment expertise and dedication to your 'return to activity' will enable the best outcome for you.
If you feel that your lifting of heavy weights may be causing you injury, you might consider introducing these simple strategies into your exercise routine. Alternatively, The Physicaltherapy Centre offers a range of conservative treatment options that could be used to accelerate your recovery, and have you return to activity. |
Jalal al-Din Khan جلال الدین خان | |
Khan of the Golden Horde | |
Reign | 1411–1412 |
Predecessor | Tīmūr |
Successor | Karīm Berdi |
Born | 1380 |
Died | 1412 |
Dynasty | Borjigin |
Father | Tokhtamysh |
Religion | Islam |
Jalal al-Din or Jalāl ad-Dīn (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: جلال الدین; Tatar: Cäläletdin; Kazakh: Jäleläddin; Polish: Dżalal ad-Din; 1380–1412) was the Khan of the Golden Horde in 1411–1412. He was the son of Tokhtamysh, Khan of the Golden Horde until 1395, by Ṭaghāy Beg Khatun, the daughter of Ḥājjī Beg.[1] He is also famous for his written history of the Mongol Empire. He is also known as the Green Sultan, a false etymology based on the apparent meaning of a Slavic rendition of his name, Zeleni Saltan.
After being dethroned by the beglerbeg Edigu and replaced with Tīmūr-Qutluq, Tokhtamysh had attempted to regain his throne with Lithuanian aid, but was defeated in 1399. He continued his resistance from Sibir until he was killed against Edigu in 1406. Tokhtamysh's sons, including Jalāl ad-Dīn, sought refuge at the court of the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasilij I Dmitrievič, who refused to extradite them. During Edigu's attack on Moscow, Vasilij intended to use Tokhtamysh's sons to counterattack and undermine the enemy at its capital, Sarai. Indeed, one of Tokhtamysh's sons, Karīm Berdi succeeded in briefly driving out Edigu's khan Pūlād from the city in 1409. Edigu was forced to abandon his siege of Moscow to recover control of Sarai.[2]
Subsequently, Jalāl ad-Dīn went to Lithuania, seeking support from the Lithuanian Grand Prince Vytautas. In 1410, he fought under Vytautas in the victorious Battle of Grunwald against the Teutonic Order. Jalāl ad-Dīn commanded a Mongol unit on the right wing of the Polish-Lithuanian forces.[3]
In unclear circumstances Jalāl ad-Dīn raided into the Golden Horde from Lithuania in 1411, killing in battle Edigu's khan, Pūlād, but was unable to establish himself in power at the time.[4] Edigu made Pūlād's brother Tīmūr the new khan, but the latter harnessed a reaction against Edigu, causing him to flee to Khwarazm. As the new khan was preoccupied with Edigu in the east, Jalāl ad-Dīn and his brothers saw an opportunity to recover their father's throne. With Lithuanian support, the brothers raided into the Golden Horde in 1411, first seizing Crimea, then advancing on Sarai and driving out Tīmūr Khan. Jalāl ad-Dīn now became khan, and determined to eliminate Tīmūr, who had joined his own troops besieging Edigu in Khwarazm. Tīmūr commenced a march against Jalāl ad-Dīn, but saw much of his force desert to the enemy, and turned to flight. Jalāl ad-Dīn convinced Tīmūr's emir Ghāzān, married to one of Jalāl ad-Dīn's sisters, to murder the fugitive khan in late 1411 or early 1412.[5]
Jalāl ad-Dīn rewarded Ghāzān by making him beglerbeg, and entrusted him a force to attack Edigu, whose son Sulṭān-Maḥmūd was Jalāl ad-Dīn's nephew; in exchange for Sulṭān-Maḥmūd, the new khan promised Edigu peace. Assured of Edigu's promised compliance, Ghāzān returned to the khan, who, distrusting Edigu, sent a new force against him, under Qajulay. Despite his superiority in numbers, Qajulay was defeated and killed by Edigu with a stratagem. His failure to eliminate Edigu and his son Nūr ad-Dīn notwithstanding, Jalāl ad-Dīn seemingly consolidated his position in the Golden Horde, issuing coins at (old) Astrakhan and Bolghar. He demanded that his former protector, Grand Prince Vasilij II of Moscow, cede Nižnij Novgorod back to the descendants of its ruling line, and both Vasilij of Moscow and Ivan Mihajlovič of Tver' set out for the khan's court to assuage him in person. By the time they arrived, however, Jalāl ad-Dīn was dead, before October 27, 1412.[6]
Jalāl ad-Dīn is characterized by Muʿīn-ad-Dīn Naṭanzī as worthy, respectable, handsome, well-spoken, and given to council with worthy people. However, his good fortune and personal bravery caused him to abandon caution. This allowed him to be murdered at night on his very throne by his envious brother Sulṭān-Muḥammad.[7] The fratricide is variously identified as Karīm Berdi or Kebek or Jabbār Berdi, each of whom reigned for a short while after Jalāl ad-Dīn; the manner of his death is also given as being killed in battle against one of his brothers, or shot with an arrow by one of his brothers during a battle against Edigu. He reigned for about a year, dying before October 27, 1412.[8]
According to the Muʿizz al-ansāb, Jalāl ad-Dīn had two sons: Abū-Saʿīd and Amān-Bīk. The Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah mentions only the first of the two.[9]
- Genghis Khan
- Jochi
- Tuqa-Timur
- Urung-Timur
- Saricha
- Kuyunchak
- Qutluq Khwāja
- Tuy Khwāja
- Tokhtamysh
- Jalāl ad-Dīn
- ^ Gaev 2002: 53; Vohidov 2006: 46; Seleznëv 2009: 71; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
- ^ Počekaev 2010: 191.
- ^ Seleznëv 2009: 71; Turnbull, Stephen R.; Hook, Richard (2005). Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights. Praeger. p. 26. ISBN 0-275-98860-0.
- ^ Pilipčuk and Sabitov 2016: 111, 117.
- ^ Seleznëv 2009: 65-66, 176; Počekaev 2010: 192-193; Pilipčuk and Sabitov 2016: 111, 117; Reva 2016: 712.
- ^ Howorth 1880: 269; Reva 2016: 712.
- ^ Tizengauzen 2006: 264-265; Seleznëv 2009: 71.
- ^ Howorth 1880: 269-270; Počekaev 2010: 193 writes that Jalāl ad-Dīn died in battle against Karīm Berdi; Pilipčuk and Sabitov 2016: 111, 115, 117; Reva 2016: 713 attributes the murder to Kebek but the succession to Karīm Berdi.
- ^ Gaev 2002: 53; Tizengauzen 2006: 435; Vohidov 2006: 46.
- Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," Numizmatičeskij sbornik 3 (2002) 9-55.
- Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century. Part II.1. London, 1880.
- Sabitov, Ž. M., Genealogija "Tore", Astana, 2008.
- Seleznëv, J. V., Èlita Zolotoj Ordy: Naučno-spravočnoe izdanie, Kazan', 2009.
- Pilipčuk, J. V., and Ž. M. Sabitov, "Bor'ba Toktamyševičej za vlast' v 10–20-h gg. XV v.," Iz istorii i kult'ury narodov Srednego Povolž'ja 6 (2016) 110-125.
- Počekaev, R. J., Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy. Saint Petersburg, 2010.
- Reva, R., "Borba za vlast' v pervoj polovine XV v.," in Zolotaja Orda v mirovoj istorii, Kazan', 2016: 704-729.
- Vohidov, Š. H. (trans.), Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah. 3. Muʿizz al-ansāb. Almaty, 2006. |
Suicide is a major cause of mortality worldwide. It is a human calamity that accounts for an estimated one million deceases yearly. This translates to at least one decease ensuing from self-destruction every 40 seconds. The magnitude of the job is farther compounded by the fact that the incidence of attempted self-destruction is about 25 times more than that of completed self-destruction. Every act of suicide impacts on at least six other persons. Suicide rates have increased by approximately 60 % over the last 45 old ages, therefore representing a major public wellness load. These rates are grossly underreported globally and many developing states, including Nigeria, do non hold meaningful records of deceases and their causes. There is dearth of information as respects the incidence of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, with the exclusion of a few recent surveies. A systematic online reappraisal of published literature on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria was conducted and relevant articles reviewed. This article chronicles the development of research on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, from isolated studies in the 1960s to more recent, large-scale epidemiological studies in the last decennary. It farther high spots the demand for an efficient system of wellness records with efficient certification of deceases and their causes, and a alteration in the state 's statute law with regard to suicide and suicidal behaviors.
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Dr. J. O. Abdulmalik Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Dr. O.O. Ayinde, Senior Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Alabi Omolabake Oluwadamilola Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Alabi Adeleke Ifeoluwa, Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Mental, neurological and substance usage upsets make a significant part to the planetary load of disease ( GBD ) , which is estimated with the disability-adjusted life old ages ( DALY ) metric, assigned to each disease/disorder. The DALY is the amount of two composite steps: the old ages lived with disablement ( YLD ) and the old ages of life lost ( YLL ) due to a specified disease within the entire population. Suicide accounted for 1.8 % of the entire disease load as at 1998, but is projected to lift to 2.4 % by the twelvemonth 2020. Mental and behavioral upsets are common, and will impact one in every four individuals at some clip during their lives.
The World Health Organization ( WHO ) defines suicide as 'the act of killing oneself, intentionally initiated and performed by the individual concerned in the full cognition or outlook of its fatal result ' . While several definitions exist, suicide merely means the knowing act of stoping one 's ain life.
Suicide is the 3rd prima cause of decease among immature people, aged 15 to 44 old ages, and ranks second for striplings between ages 15 and 19 old ages old. These studies have prompted the WHO to go smartly involved in runing to convey the public wellness load and impact of self-destruction to the attending of authoritiess, policymakers and the populace through the bite and airing of statistics, and the development of preventative plans.
It is estimated that globally, about one million deceases occur from self-destruction every twelvemonth ; which approximately translates to one self-destruction decease every 40 seconds. The incidence of attempted self-destruction is 25 times more common than completed self-destruction. It is besides the most of import cause of violent decease worldwide, accounting for 49 % of all instances. Other major subscribers to violent deceases worldwide include homicide ( 32 % ) ; with struggles and wars doing up the staying 19 % . It should be borne in head that the act of perpetrating self-destruction, is neither a disease nor a pathological status ; but mental upsets are often found to be associated with it, particularly depression.
Beyond numbering the Numberss of self-destruction and suicidal efforts nevertheless, is the frequently undiscovered psychological load from feelings of guilt, sorrow and torment, which is frequently experienced by the household members and close associates of persons who commit self-destruction. Every act of self-destruction, affects averagely six other people, at the really minimal. This impact becomes amplified, when a self-destruction occurs in a public state of affairs, such as in a school or work environment.
Non-fatal suicidal ideas and behaviors normally precede successful suicide Acts of the Apostless and should be seen as of import calls for aid and intercession, when they occur. They may be classified into three class:
Suicidal ideation, which refers to ideas of prosecuting in behaviour, aimed at stoping one 's life.
Suicidal program, which refers to the preparation of a specific method and readyings towards stoping his ain life.
Suicidal effort, which refers to engagement in potentially self-injurious behavior with some grade of uttered purpose to decease.
The undermentioned factors have been found to be associated with self-destruction.
Sociable: These include factors such as the absence of meaningful household ties or societal interactions which could ensue in egocentric self-destruction. Alienation or a interruption in the relationship between an person and the society due to societal or economic diverseness may ensue in alienated self-destruction ; while inordinate integrating and submergence into a given society may take to selfless self-destruction, supposedly for the greater good of that society.
Psychological: This includes aggression and ill will turned inward against the ego, as stated by Sigmund Freud ; overpowering feelings of hopelessness as suggested by Aaron Beck ; and cognitive bottleneck of picks as observed by Edward Scheidman among persons with self-destructive inclinations.
Biological: Self-destructive behaviors have been linked with lessened degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cardinal nervous system. Post mortem findings besides indicate low degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine and some non-specific alterations in the noradrenergic system of self-destruction victims.
Familial: Suicidal behaviours may run in households. A positive household history of self-destruction increases the hazard both for attempted and completed self-destruction.
Medical: Chronic and enfeebling physical unwellnes may increase the hazard for self-destruction. Mental upsets besides belong to this class and represent the most of import associated factors in self-destruction. Examples include depression ( associated with over 90 % of instances ) , intoxicant maltreatment, personality upsets, and schizophrenic disorder.
Completed self-destruction is more common in males ; nevertheless suicide efforts and consider self-harm ( DSH ) are commoner among females and include Acts of the Apostles of toxic condition, cutting, and firing. Suicide is barely of all time the effect of a individual ground, but may instead result as a consequence of a multiple factors moving in concert to convey about such an act. These hazard factors have been classified into single, socio-cultural and situational factors, as depicted in Table 1.
Global situation and trends
Suicide rates have increased by 60 % worldwide, in the last 45 old ages, with an estimated planetary incidence rate of 16 per 100,000. This tendency is happening despite the betterments in the acknowledgment and direction of depression and other mental upsets, and the increased handiness of newer medicines with better and more tolerable side effects.
The incidence of self-destruction is normally reported as a rate per 100,000 on a state footing. States such as Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus which record 30 or more deceases per 100,000 are classified as high rate states. States with Numbers running from 10 to 29 per 100,000 such as Japan, Hungary, and China have in-between rates ; while those states with fewer than 10 suicide deceases per 100,000 ( e.g. Syria, Jamaica, Egypt ) are classified as low rate states.
However, these rates may really be misdirecting as they do non convey the true extent of the job. For illustration, China has a suicide rate of about 25/100,000, which places it in the in-between scope but it accounts for the largest figure of human deceases from self-destruction yearly, with 287,000 reported suicide deceases ; therefore accounting for about a 3rd of the planetary mortality from self-destruction in a twelvemonth. Similarly, India 's rate of 10/100,000 topographic points it marginally in front of states with low rates, but India is 2nd to China in the figure of suicide deceases recorded per twelvemonth, with reported figures of about 110,000 suicide deceases. Khan, illustrated the deceptive nature of trusting wholly on these rates, without setting them in the larger context of the state 's population. He utilized comparative analysis utilizing the available figures, and showed that four states with high self-destruction rates: Lithuania, Russia, Estonia and Latvia have a combined entire figure of suicide deceases that is less than the entire figure of suicide deceases from India entirely, which is hardly above a low rate state.
Unfortunately, similar country-wide informations is non uniformly available across the Earth. Indeed, several states, including Nigeria, do non routinely cod decease records and have no describing systems to document the causes of decease. These non-reporting states exceed 50, and include states with populations totaling over 100 million people such as Indonesia, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
There is a dearth of research on self-destruction from developing states. Very small is known about self-destructions in many African states, including Nigeria. Mental unwellness is seldom mentioned or is implicated in merely a little figure of self-destructions. The bulk of available studies in developing states are based on hospital necropsy studies or constabularies informations, neither of which would normally document psychological factors involved in self-destructions. Suicide is no longer a condemnable offense in any developed state but continues to be criminalized in many developing states, including Nigeria.
Religious and societal factors besides continue to act upon the diagnosing and registering of self-destructions. Families do non unwrap the true nature of the act, for fright of torment by constabulary and the attendant societal stigma that would accrue from such revelations. Alternatively they are more likely to declare the decease an accident or in some instances, a homicide.
The Nigerian context
There is dearth of information about the epidemiology of self-destruction in Nigeria. Suicides are by and large reported to be rare in less developed states. This is partially attributable to the routinely hapless records of decease and its causes. In a survey that evaluated medical examiners ' studies over a four-year period ( 1957-60 ) in the Western Region ( now broken down into several provinces ) of Nigeria, Asuni concluded that the self-destruction rate in Western Nigeria was really low. He reported higher rates of self-destruction in the rural countries compared to urban parts.
Some of import hospital-based surveies have besides provided utile penetration into this job. A reappraisal of reported instances of attempted self-destruction from the three largest infirmaries in Benin City ( Specialist, Uselu Psychiatric Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital ) indicated that the incidence had non increased over the four-year period crossing 1978 to 1981, during which the norm petroleum suicide effort rate was 7 per 100,000. The commonest age group was among adolescents aged 15-19 old ages ( 39.4 % ) , while about nine out of 10 triers ( 87 % ) were aged 30 old ages and below. The most of import predisposing factors reported were mental unwellnes ( 32 % ) and parental struggle ( 24 % ) . There was no important gender difference.
In a six-month prospective survey of 39 instances of deliberate ego injury reported in the three major infirmaries in Ibadan, Nigeria ; Odejide et al. , found that about eight in 10 ( 76.9 % ) were under the age of 30 old ages ; and merely over half ( 51.3 % ) were pupils, while 25.6 % were manual workers. The commonest methods used were consumption of chemicals and psychotropic drugs.
Nwosu and Odesanmi, in a survey carried out in the Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, that was based on medico-legal necropsy studies, reported the self-destruction rate as 0.4 per 100,000 populations, with about four times as many males perpetrating self-destruction when compared to females ( ratio of 3.6:1 ) . The bulk of the self-destructions were committed by the consumption of Gammalin 20 and usage of the local Dane gun.
Large-scale epidemiological surveies have been late conducted among grownups. A nationally representative epidemiological survey, covering 21 out of the 36 provinces in Nigeria was conducted by Gureje et al. , among 6752 grownups, to measure for self-destruction related results, and their association with mental upsets and a history of childhood hardship. They reported prevalence of self-destructive ideation, program and efforts were 3.2 % , 1 % and 0.7 % severally. The presence of mental upsets, particularly temper jobs significantly correlated with suicide results, while a history of early childhood hardship was identified as a hazard factor for life-time self-destruction effort. [ 18 ]
Uwakwe and Gureje besides examined the relationship between comorbid mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviors in the Nigerian study of mental wellness and wellbeing. They found that individuals with lifetime self-destruction efforts were more likely than those without efforts to hold experienced lifetime DSM-IV upsets. Lifetime triers were besides more likely to hold comorbid conditions. Eleven per centum of individuals with a lifetime history of self-destructive effort had three or more co-occurring upsets, as compared with merely 0.4 % of individuals with no history of life-time efforts. Controling for the effects of comorbid conditions suggests that while temper upsets may be independently associated with self-destructive results, comorbidity partially explains the association of anxiousness upsets and about to the full histories for the association of substance usage upsets with self-destructive results. The writers hence concluded that comorbidity is an of import factor in the association of mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviour in this environment.
Furthermore, Oladeji and Gureje, besides established a relationship between parental mental upsets and suicidal behavior in their progeny. The presence of panic upset and substance maltreatment in the parents were found to be associated with self-destructive ideation in the progeny, but merely parental panic upset was found to be related to suicidal efforts. The suggestion therefore, is that upsets of anxiousness and impulse control may play some function in the ascertained form of familial suicidal behaviors in their progeny.
Large graduated table surveies have besides been conducted among immature people in Nigeria. Omigbodun et al. , conducted a survey to set up the prevalence and associated psychosocial correlatives of self-destructive ideation and efforts among immature Nigerians, which revealed that, of the 1,429 young persons who were assessed, over 20 % reported self-destructive ideation and about 12 % reported that they had attempted suicide in the preceding twelvemonth. The survey reported the rates of both self-destructive ideation and efforts as care towards the upper bounds of acceptable rates for young persons. The 2nd survey evaluated the presentation and psychosocial issues associated with preadolescent suicidal attempts utilizing the 'hanging ' method in Nigeria, and reported the being of the undermentioned mental wellness jobs: depression, behavior jobs, oppositional defiant upset and impulse control jobs. Other factors found to be associated with these self-destructive behavior included nerve-racking life events such as household break, physical maltreatment, and strong-arming at school.
The form of attempted self-destruction in the Nigerian military context has besides been studied by Okulate. He described the features of patients who attempted self-destruction and examined the differences between the self-destruction triers and a group of non-suicidal, affectional upset patients at the Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital, Yaba, Nigeria. The survey revealed that self-destructive effort patients constituted 0.37 % of all admittances during a five-year period, and 60.8 % of them were under the age of 30 old ages. The Numberss of male and female patients were about the same. Depression and acute emphasis reaction were the normally associated diagnosings. While military dependants often ingested substances in their self-destruction efforts, military forces used more violent methods such as hanging and self-stabbing, but none used pieces. Compared with non self-destructive patients, suicide triers were more likely to be single and to hold a household history of mental upset.
The highest hazards for passage from self-destructive ideation to planning, and from be aftering to attempted self-destruction normally occurs within the first twelvemonth of holding either the ideation or program. Other hazard factors for a life-time self-destructive effort include dysfunctional household backgrounds ; such as drawn-out separation from biological parents, high degrees of domestic struggles, childhood hardship, physical maltreatment and being nurtured by a adult female with a history of depression, anxiousness or self-destructive effort.
Referring the hazard and methods of suicide employed in Nigeria, new forms appear to hold emerged. HIV/AIDS has emerged as an extra hazard of self-destruction. Other emerging hazards include the cyberspace and societal media every bit good as terrorist act and self-destruction bombardment which though foreigner to Nigerian society, appears to hold come to remain. Burning with kerosene , cutting one 's pharynx and bring downing perforating abdominal stab hurt on oneself are besides new but upseting methods of trying and finishing self-destruction in Nigeria.
Prevention strategies
Suicide bar is having increased attending in many developed states, but remains mostly ignored in developing states like Nigeria. There are no easy solutions to the job of self-destruction in developing states, given the serious deficiency of resources and low precedence given to mental wellness. There is besides the extra job of limited research on self-destruction in developing states, doing it imperative to trust on bar schemes that have been proven to work elsewhere but non in developing states. Furthermore, due to the unfavorable attitude towards self-destruction and mental unwellnes, every bit good as the punitory legal demands for self-destructive behavior, self-destruction continues to be under reported in developing states, doing it hard to carry on research or develop and prove bar schemes.
The World Health Organization has identified suicide as an progressively of import country of public wellness and has issued guidelines to member provinces in order to develop and implement coordinated and comprehensive national and international schemes. It has besides included self-destruction as one of the nine precedence conditions in the late launched mhGAP Intervention manual for scaling up services for mental and neurological conditions globally. The mhGAP manual is designed to function as a preparation manual for non-specialists in the designation and proviso of intercession for precedence mental wellness conditions, as a manner of cut downing the immense intervention spread in several parts of the universe.
There is grounds for the effectivity of two major schemes for forestalling self-destruction. These include limitation of entree to lethal agencies and developing programmes for primary attention physicians to heighten early acknowledgment and intervention of depression with or without self-destructive ideation. Both attacks should be utile in our scene, but the latter attack to heighten the ability of general practicians, primary wellness attention workers and all other cells of wellness professionals to acknowledge and offer intercessions for depressive upsets is of important importance.
Suicidal behaviors are besides strongly associated with the presence of mental upsets. In a underdeveloped state like Nigeria an of import measure towards suicide bar will be to cut down the stigma associated with mental wellness jobs.
A reappraisal of the state 's Mental Health Policy and Legislation, to comprehensively turn to the current challenges of mental upsets, and their complications, including self-destruction and self-destructive behavior is long delinquent. These attempts should besides take for the decriminalisation of self-destructive behaviors in our Torahs.
These stairss will be meaningless, if our wellness records and describing systems are non reformed to include mortality rates and the certification of the causes of deceases. This should assist in determining the self-destruction rates in the state, and supply a platform for utile planning and the execution of suicide bar schemes. Focused research in this country should be promoted, particularly with regard to placing hazard factors, get bying mechanisms, protective factors and possible intercessions to minimise the calamity of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in this environment
In this work, the writers have demonstrated that self-destruction and suicidal behavior are a public wellness issue, merely like in other states of the universe. Like in other parts of the development universe merely a modest volume of research has been conducted on the topic in Nigeria, reflecting the deficiency of involvement of clinicians, research workers, policy shapers and, possibly, research grant suppliers on the topic. For better self-destruction research which should ensue in better bar schemes, it is imperative that self-destruction be decriminalized. Cultural and spiritual factors forestalling people from describing and stigmatising self-destruction should besides be addressed through public enlightenment runs. An betterment in the mortality records, that besides specifies the causes of decease should be ensured at all degrees of attention. It might besides be helpful if the WHO could leverage on member states to roll up and supply one-year self-destruction rates in their legal powers. Finally, self-destruction is a public wellness job that requires a multidisciplinary attempt at question, bar and direction. The earlier this is realized in the Nigerian context, the better for our emerging mental wellness attention.
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Ever wondered what those mysterious dot colors on your Ping clubs really mean? You're not alone! Picture this: you're out on the course, trying to improve your game, but those dots are like a secret code you can't crack. Fret not, because in this article, we're going to unveil the hidden meanings behind those dots and how they can revolutionize your golfing experience.
Understanding the Dot Color System
When it comes to Ping clubs, understanding the dot color system is key to optimizing your game. Each dot color corresponds to a specific club lie angle, and having the right fit can make a significant difference in your performance on the course.
Decoding the Dot Colors
- Black: Standard lie angle.
- Silver: One degree upright.
- White: One degree flat.
- Blue: Two degrees upright.
- Red: Two degrees flat.
Importance of Correct Dot Color
Having the correct dot color on your Ping clubs ensures that your club is properly adjusted to your swing, maximizing accuracy and distance. Playing with the wrong lie angle can lead to inconsistent shots and impact your overall game.
Consulting with a Professional
For optimal performance, consider consulting with a golf professional or club fitter to determine the right dot color for your clubs. They can analyze your swing and recommend the most suitable lie angles to enhance your playing experience.
DIY Adjustments
If you're comfortable making adjustments yourself, Ping provides resources and tools to help you identify the appropriate dot color for your clubs. Take advantage of their online fitting tools or visit a local retailer for guidance.
Testing and Reevaluation
After adjusting your clubs, test them on the course to see how the new lie angles impact your shots. Periodically reevaluate your equipment to ensure it aligns with your swing as it evolves over time.
Remember, getting the dot colors right on your Ping clubs is a small adjustment that can lead to significant improvements in your golf game.
Red Dot
When it comes to Ping clubs, the red dot signifies a club with a lie angle 2.25 degrees flat compared to the standard black dot. This adjustment can have a significant impact on your ball flight and shot direction. If you tend to hit the ball to the right (for right-handed players), a red dot club might help you straighten out your shots. Conversely, if you struggle with hooks, it's important to be mindful of how a red dot iron may affect your ball flight.
Understanding the nuances of the red dot can help you make informed decisions about your club selection. Whether you're working on improving your accuracy or looking to fine-tune your game, consider how incorporating a red dot club into your set might complement your play style.
Here's a useful tip: Test different lie angles to see how they influence your shots on the course. Pay attention to how a red dot club feels in your hands and observe any changes in your shot pattern. Make adjustments as needed to optimize your performance with this specific lie angle.
Blue Dot
When it comes to Ping clubs, the color coding goes beyond just aesthetics. The Blue Dot designation signifies a lie angle that is 0.75 degrees upright from the standard black dot. This slight adjustment can have a significant impact on your game, particularly if you tend to hit the ball left of your target.
Choosing a Blue Dot club may help correct the direction of your shots, providing a more accurate and consistent ball flight. It's essential to understand how this lie angle alteration can influence the outcome of your swings on the course.
To make the most of a Blue Dot club, consider the following tips:
- Experiment with different lie angles to find the one that suits your playing style best.
- Pay attention to how the club feels in your hands during your swing.
- Make adjustments as needed to optimize your performance with a 0.75 degrees upright lie angle club.
Keep these considerations in mind when selecting your clubs to enhance your accuracy and overall gameplay experience.
Black Dot
Ping clubs with the Black Dot have a standard lie angle, which is the angle between the clubhead's sole and the shaft when the club is correctly soled at address. The Black Dot is the baseline reference point for lie angle in Ping clubs.
- The lie angle of the Black Dot is typically standard.
- It is suitable for golfers with a neutral impact position.
- A Black Dot club is a versatile option for many players.
Remember, selecting the right dot color can significantly impact your game by improving your shot accuracy and consistency.
Selecting the right dot color on Ping clubs is key to improving your accuracy and consistency on the golf course. The Blue Dot and Black Dot each have their own significance, with the Black Dot offering a standard lie angle suitable for various players. By experimenting with different lie angles and paying attention to how the club feels during your swing, you can enhance your gameplay and make more precise shots. Remember, choosing the appropriate dot color can make a significant difference in your overall performance, so take the time to find the right fit for your game.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Black Dot represent on Ping clubs?
The Black Dot represents a standard lie angle, ideal for golfers with a neutral impact position.
How can choosing the right dot color impact a player's game?
Selecting the right dot color, whether Blue or Black, can significantly enhance shot accuracy and consistency for players.
What are crucial steps in improving accuracy and gameplay with clubs?
Experimenting with different lie angles and paying attention to the club feel during the swing are essential for enhancing accuracy and gameplay. |
Property taxes are a significant financial commitment for homeowners, and Dallas County residents are no exception. Navigating the intricacies of the property tax system in this region can be challenging. However, Dallas County homeowners can protest their property taxes, offering a potential avenue to challenge assessed values and reduce tax obligations. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore innovative strategies to minimize Dallas County property taxes, emphasizing effective property tax protests.
Understanding Dallas County Property Taxes
Before delving into strategies for minimizing property taxes, it's essential to comprehend the landscape of property taxes in Dallas County. Texas property taxes operate primarily on the appraised value of a property, a figure determined annually by the local appraisal district. This appraised value becomes the cornerstone for calculating property tax bills.
Early Preparation and Diligent Research
Commencing the property tax protest process early is a foundational strategy for Dallas County homeowners. The protest filing deadline typically falls in May, necessitating proactive measures. Initiate preparations by gathering all pertinent documents, including recent appraisals, property tax records, and supporting evidence to bolster your case during the protest. A well-prepared presentation significantly strengthens your argument.
Research Comparable Properties in Dallas County
An essential aspect of a successful property tax protest is conducting thorough research on comparable properties within Dallas County. Identify properties with similar characteristics, such as size, age, and condition. If evidence indicates that comparable properties are assessed at lower values, it substantially fortifies your case for reducing your property's estimated value.
Leverage the Informal Hearing
Like many other counties, Dallas County provides property owners with an informal hearing before the formal protest. This presents an excellent opportunity to present your case directly to an appraiser. Approach this meeting professionally, armed with well-organized documentation that supports your argument for a lower assessed value.
Document Structural and Maintenance Factors
Properties in Dallas County that exhibit structural issues, require maintenance or showcase other deficiencies should be meticulously documented. These factors can significantly influence your property's value, and providing solid evidence during the protest process can substantially strengthen your case. Utilize photographs, repair estimates, and other documentation to support your claims.
Familiarize Yourself with the Appraisal Review Board (ARB) Process
Understanding the formal protest process, especially the Appraisal Review Board (ARB) proceedings, is pivotal. Acquaint yourself with the rules and procedures to present your case effectively during the formal hearing. Being well-prepared ensures you can articulate your arguments clearly and convincingly, maximizing the potential for a successful outcome.
Consider Professional Property Tax Consultation
For Dallas County homeowners navigating the complexities of the property tax system, seeking professional assistance may be a prudent choice. Professional property tax consultants specialize in property tax issues and possess valuable experience in dealing with the intricacies of the Dallas County appraisal system. While a cost is involved, their expertise can significantly enhance the likelihood of a successful property tax protest.
Stay Informed about Dallas County Real Estate Trends
Remaining informed about local real estate market trends in Dallas County is a strategic move. If property values in your area are experiencing a decline, this information can serve as compelling evidence during the protest process, supporting your argument for an adjusted assessed value. Market data becomes a potent tool in demonstrating the fair market value of your property.
Scrutinize Your Dallas County Property Record
A meticulous review of your property record, provided by the Dallas County appraisal district, is crucial. Look for inaccuracies in property details, such as square footage or the number of bedrooms. Correcting these discrepancies can contribute to a successful property tax protest by ensuring your property is assessed accurately.
Uphold Professionalism and Courtesy
Maintaining a professional and courteous demeanour throughout the property tax protest process is paramount. Both appraisal district staff and ARB members are more likely to be receptive to your arguments if you respectfully present them. A professional approach enhances the credibility of your case.
While navigating these intelligent strategies for minimizing property taxes, Dallas County homeowners may encounter the term Dallas County property tax. This phrase encompasses this region's unique property tax challenges and opportunities. Anchoring this term within the context of discussing strategies highlights the relevance of the content to Dallas County residents.
Assess the Long-Term Impact
When pursuing a property tax protest in Dallas County, it's vital to consider the potential long-term impact on your finances. While a successful protest can result in immediate savings, it may also influence your property's future assessed value. Balancing the potential long-term consequences against short-term benefits aids in making an informed decision regarding your property tax protest.
Minimizing Dallas County property taxes requires strategic planning, diligent research, and effective communication during the property tax protest process. By incorporating these intelligent strategies, homeowners can enhance their chances of achieving a favourable outcome and reducing their property tax burden. Whether navigating the process independently or seeking professional guidance, proactive advocacy for a fair property assessment is a prudent endeavour for any Dallas County homeowner.
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"Field Platoon" is different: first of all, when we look back on the "Vietnam War" a few years later, we will find that the just anti-American aid to Vietnam at that time was actually a struggle between two political groups with different ideologies in the Vietnam region. Why do we say this? People of our age still vaguely remember that after the victory of the "Battle of Dien Bien Phu" under the leadership of the Vietnamese Communist Party Chairman Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese military and civilians and the French divided South Vietnam and North Vietnam, and divided and ruled them. China has always supported North Vietnam, the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam", led by Ho Chi Minh. First, France and then the United States supported South Vietnam, the "Republic of Vietnam" led by Ngo Dinh Diem. South Vietnam and North Vietnam were in a state of division and confrontation.
In the 1960s, the United States began to attack North Vietnam, which is the beginning of what we call the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Vietnam. The "Viet Cong" in the film is not only strong in combat, but also in weapons that are not behind the Americans. The reason for this is that the Viet Cong retreated steadily shortly after the war began. After all, the weapons and equipment of the two warring parties were very different. But with strong support from China and the former Soviet Union, the tide of the war was reversed. In the film, there is a section after the US military camp was severely damaged, the US military counted the casualties on both sides of the battle, and the result was that the death toll of the attackers was much lower than that of the US military. In addition to the combat effectiveness of soldiers, the comparability of weapons and equipment is also an important factor.
I remember a Chinese colleague who participated in the Vietnam War once said that there were several tens of thousands of Chinese troops fighting in Vietnam. Vietnamese. However, the weapons are all from the Soviet Union, especially heavy weapons such as anti-aircraft guns, howitzers, tanks, and rocket launchers are basically provided by the Soviet Union. It is a well-known fact that "China produces people, and the Soviet Union produces guns." The United States has an excellent intelligence agency, and of course it should be known. Since these are not put on the table, everyone is tacit.
In 1973, the United States and the Viet Cong signed an armistice agreement in the international public opinion and the anti-war voice in the United States, and the war that lasted for 8 years ended. In 1975, North Vietnam launched an all-out attack on South Vietnam, and the whole territory of Vietnam was unified.
If this war is a victory of a just war won by the Vietnamese people with the support of China, the Soviet Union and other countries, then after two years, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and imposed the war on the Cambodian people. Is this still just? Who is righteous in the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1984? Different positions have their own rhetoric. The reasons for launching wars vary widely, but war means damage, death, and the distortion of people's souls.
"Field Platoon", through the tragic battle scenes, deeply excavates the different effects of this war on the American soldiers participating in the war, as well as the different performances of people with different family backgrounds, social status and personalities in the war. The film has a lot of ink on it, and any event, no matter how big or small, requires the participation of someone, let alone a war. At that time, soldiers were often the key to determining the success or failure of battles. Individual thoughts, words and deeds may affect other people or even groups, which in turn affects the outcome of combat missions. The characters in the film are portrayed realistically and the event descriptions are credible, and the result is naturally a matter of course and convincing. It can be seen that the editors and directors have a solid foundation in life.
Whoever wants to go to war just has to go to war, this should be the thinking of most soldiers. To fight means to die, and if you don't want to die, you have to kill your opponent. This is what goes on throughout the film. Most of the murders without injustice and no enmity are out of helplessness in order to survive, but when a relative or comrade-in-arms is killed, revenge murder is motivated and conscious. The hatred was born and like a snowball, it kept getting bigger and bigger. The growth and bravery of warriors, and the resistance and fearlessness of civilians, mostly come from this. The film also sheds light on this theme.
I think there are pros and cons to the rotation system of American soldiers in the war. After one year, you will have hope, I can fight hard, and in just 365 days, I can get rid of death and change my situation. This has mobilized the aggressive spirit of the soldiers participating in the war. However, for some people, it is different to avoid danger to save themselves, and survive 365 days without dying. But you can't really say what's right and what's wrong about human selfish nature. The film reminds the audience of it, and you can only take a seat according to your own understanding.
I don't have that level, nor is it necessary, to make a standard review of the film. But the visual impact of the film is very strong, and the display of different human nature is also very real. Because the previous understanding of the historical background of the film's period was only a single-angle understanding for political reasons, it was very incomplete. "Field Platoon" shows us the characters, thoughts, behaviors, weapons and equipment, fighting methods and other details of the other side of the enemy. It still broadens our horizons and updates our views, and from this we can deduce some similar wars that have happened in the past. a different understanding than before.
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Leisure has been defined as a quality of experience or as free time.[1]
Free time is time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores and education. It also excludes time spent on necessary activities such as eating and sleeping. From a research perspective, this approach has the advantages of being quantifiable and comparable over time and place.[2] Leisure as experience usually emphasizes dimensions of perceived freedom and choice. It is done for "its own sake", for the quality of experience and involvement.[1] Other classic definitions include Thorsten Veblen's (1899) of "nonproductive consumption of time."[3] Different disciplines have definitions reflecting their common issues: for example, sociology on social forces and contexts and psychology as mental and emotional states and conditions.
Leisure studies and sociology of leisure are the academic disciplines concerned with the study and analysis of leisure. Recreation differs from leisure in that it is purposeful activity that includes the experience of leisure in activity contexts.
The distinction between leisure and unavoidable activities is not a rigidly defined one, e.g. people sometimes do work-oriented tasks for pleasure as well as for long-term utility.[4] A distinction may also be drawn between free time and leisure. For example, Situationist International maintains that free time is illusory and rarely fully "free"; economic and social forces appropriate free time from the individual and sell it back to them as the commodity known as "leisure".[5] Certainly most people's leisure activities are not a completely free choice, and may be constrained by social pressures, e.g. people may be coerced into spending time gardening by the need to keep up with the standard of neighbouring gardens or go to a party because of social pressures.
A related concept is that of social leisure, which involves leisurely activities in a social settings, such as extracurricular activities, e.g. sports, clubs. Another related concept is that of family leisure. Relationships with others is usually a major factor in both satisfaction and choice.
History of leisure
Leisure has historically been the privilege of the upper-class.[6] Opportunities for leisure came with more money, or organization, unless working time, rising dramatically in the mid to late 19th century, starting in Great Britain and spreading to other rich nations in Europe. It spread as well to the United States, although that country had a reputation in Europe for providing much less leisure despite its wealth. Immigrants to the United States discovered they had to work harder than they did in Europe.[7] Economists continue to investigate why Americans work longer hours.[8]
In Canada, leisure in the country is related to the decline in work hours and is shaped by moral values, and the ethnic-religious and gender communities. In a cold country with winter's long nights, and summer's extended daylight, favorite leisure activities include horse racing, team sports such as hockey, singalongs, Rollerskating and board games.[9][10][11] The churches tried to steer leisure activities, by preaching against drinking and scheduling annual revivals and weekly club activities.[12] By 1930 radio played a major role in uniting Canadians behind their local or regional hockey teams.Play-by-play sports coverage, especially of ice hockey, absorbed fans far more intensely than newspaper accounts the next day. Rural areas were especially influenced by sports coverage.[13]
Leisure by the mid 19th century was no longer an individualistic activity. It was increasingly organized. In the French industrial city of Lille, with a population of 80,000 in 1858, the cabarets or taverns for the working class numbered 1300, or one for every three houses. Lille counted 63 drinking and singing clubs, 37 clubs for card players, 23 for bowling, 13 for skittles, and 18 for archery. The churches likewise have their social organizations. Each club had a long roster of officers, and a busy schedule of banquets festivals and competitions.[14]
United Kingdom
As literacy, wealth, ease of travel, and a broadened sense of community grew in Britain from the mid 19th century onward, there was more time and interest in leisure activities of all sorts, on the part of all classes.[15]
Opportunities for leisure activities increased because real wages continued to grow and hours of work continued to decline. In urban Britain, the nine-hour day was increasingly the norm; 1874 factory act limited the workweek to 56.5 hours. The movement toward an eight-hour day. Furthermore, system of routine annual vacations came into play, starting with white-collar workers and moving into the working-class.[16][17] Some 200 seaside resorts emerged thanks to cheap hotels and inexpensive railway fares, widespread banking holidays and the fading of many religious prohibitions against secular activities on Sundays.[18]
By the late Victorian era, the leisure industry had emerged in all British cities, The pattern was copied cross Western Europe and North America. It provided scheduled entertainment of suitable length and convenient locales at inexpensive prices. These include sporting events, music halls, and popular theater. By 1880 football was no longer the preserve of the social elite, as it attracted large working-class audiences. Average gate was 5,000 1905, rising to 23,000 in 1913. That amounted to 6 million paying customers with a weekly turnover of £400,000. Sports by 1900 generated some three percent of the total gross national product in Britain. Professionalization of sports was the norm, although some new activities reached an upscale amateur audience, such as lawn tennis and golf. Women were now allowed in some sports, such as archery, tennis, badminton and gymnastics.[19]
Leisure was primarily a male activity, with middle-class women allowed in at the margins. There were class differences with upper-class clubs, and working-class and middle-class pubs.[20] Heavy drinking declined; there was more betting on outcomes. Participation in sports and all sorts of leisure activities increased for the average Englishman, and his interest in spectator sports increased dramatically.[21]
By the 1920s the cinema and radio attracted all classes ages and genders in very large numbers. Giant palaces were built for the huge audiences that wanted to see Hollywood films. In Liverpool 40 percent of the population attended one of the 69 cinemas once a week; 25 percent went twice. Traditionalists grumbled about the American cultural invasion, but the permanent impact was minor.[22]
The British showed a more profound interest in sports, and in greater variety, that any rival. They gave pride of place to such moral issues as sportsmanship and fair play.[15] Cricket became symbolic of the Imperial spirit throughout the Empire. Soccer proved highly attractive to the urban working classes, which introduced the rowdy spectator to the sports world. In some sports, there was significant controversy in the fight for amateur purity especially in rugby and rowing. New games became popular almost overnight, including golf, lawn tennis, cycling and hockey. Women were much more likely to enter these sports than the old established ones. The aristocracy and landed gentry, with their ironclad control over land rights, dominated hunting, shooting, fishing and horse racing.[23]
Cricket had become well-established among the English upper class in the 18th century, And was a major factor in sports competition among the public schools. Army units around the Empire had time on their hands, and encouraged the locals to learn cricket so they could have some entertaining competition. Most of the Empire embraced cricket, with the exception of Canada.[24] Cricket test matches (international) began by the 1870s; the most famous is that between Australia and Britain for "The Ashes."[25]
As literacy and leisure time expanded after 1900, reading became a popular pastime. New additions to adult fiction doubled during the 1920s, reaching 2800 new books a year by 1935. Libraries tripled their stock, and saw heavy demand for new fiction.[26] A dramatic innovation was the inexpensive paperback, pioneered by Allen Lane (1902–70) at Penguin Books in 1935. The first titles included novels by Ernest Hemingway and Agatha Christie. They were sold cheap (usually sixpence) in a wide variety of inexpensive stores such as Woolworth's. Penguin aimed at an educated middle class "middlebrow" audience. It avoided the downscale image of American paperbacks. The line signaled cultural self-improvement and political education. The more polemical Penguin Specials, typically with a leftist orientation for Labour readers, were widely distributed during World War II.[27] However the war years caused a shortage of staff for publishers and book stores, and a severe shortage of rationed paper, worsened by the air raid on Paternoster Square in 1940 that burned 5 million books in warehouses.[28]
Romantic fiction was especially popular, with Mills and Boon the leading publisher.[29] Romantic encounters were embodied in a principle of sexual purity that demonstrated not only social conservatism, but also how heroines could control their personal autonomy.[30][31] Adventure magazines became quite popular, especially those published by DC Thomson; the publisher sent observers around the country to talk to boys and learn what they wanted to read about. The story line in magazines and cinema that most appealed to boys was the glamorous heroism of British soldiers fighting wars that were exciting and just.[32]
The range of leisure activities extends from the very informal and casual to highly organised and long lasting activities. A significant subset of leisure activities are hobbies which are undertaken for personal satisfaction, usually on a regular basis, and often result in satisfaction through skill development or recognised achievement, sometimes in the form of a product. The list of hobbies is ever changing as society changes.
Serious leisure
Substantial and fulfilling hobbies and pursuits is described by Stebbins[33] as serious leisure. The Serious Leisure Perspective is a way of viewing the wide range of leisure pursuits in three main categories: Casual Leisure, Serious Leisure, and Project-based Leisure.[34]
"Serious leisure is the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer ... that is highly substantial, interesting, and fulfilling and where ... participants find a [leisure] career...".[35] For example, collecting stamps or maintaining a public wetland area.
People undertaking serious leisure can be categorised as amateurs volunteers, or hobbyists. Their engagement is distinguished from casual leisure by a high level of perseverance, effort, knowledge and training required and durable benefits and the sense that one can create in effect a leisure career through such activity.[33]
The range of serious leisure activities is growing rapidly in modern times[33] with developed societies having greater leisure time, longevity and prosperity. The internet is providing increased support for amateurs and hobbyists to communicate, display and share products.
Casual leisure
"Casual leisure is immediately, intrinsically rewarding; and it is a relatively short-lived, pleasurable activity requiring little or no special training to enjoy it."[35] For example, watching TV or going for a swim.
Project-based leisure
"Project-based leisure is a short-term, moderately complicated, either one-shot or occasional, though infrequent, creative undertaking carried out in free time."[35] For example, working on a single Wikipedia article or building a garden feature.
Cultural differences
Time available for leisure varies from one society to the next, although anthropologists have found that hunter-gatherers tend to have significantly more leisure time than people in more complex societies. As a result, band societies such as the Shoshone of the Great Basin came across as extraordinarily lazy to European colonialists.[36]
Workaholics, less common than the social myths, are those who work compulsively at the expense of other activities. They prefer to work rather than spend time socializing and engaging in other leisure activities.
Men generally have more leisure time than women, due to both household and parenting responsibilities and increasing participation in the paid employment. In Europe and the United States, adult men usually have between one and nine hours more leisure time than women do each week.[37]
Free time has potential for youth development, which is influenced by parental attitudes of interest and control, mediated by adolescent motivational style.[38] However, leisure may have negative results as well as being directed by peer and other social influences.
Family leisure
Family leisure is defined as time that parents and children spend together in free time or recreational activities,[39] and it can be expanded to address intergenerational family leisure as time that grandparents, parents, and grandchildren spend together in free time or recreational activities.[40] Leisure can become a central place for the development of emotional closeness and strong family bonds. Contexts such as urban/rural shape the perspectives, meanings and experiences of family leisure. For example, leisure moments are part of work in rural areas, and the rural idyll is enacted by urban families on weekends, but both urban and rural families somehow romanticize rural contexts as ideal spaces for family making (connection to nature, slower and more intimate space, notion of a caring social fabric, tranquillity, etc.).[40][41] Also, much "family leisure" requires tasks that are most often assigned to women.
Leisure is important across the lifespan and can facilitate a sense of control and self-worth.[42] Older adults, specifically, can benefit from physical, social, emotional, cultural, and spiritual aspects of leisure. Leisure engagement and relationships are commonly central to "successful" and satisfying aging.[43] For example, engaging in leisure with their grandchildren can enhance feelings of generativity, whereby older adults achieve well-being by leaving a legacy beyond themselves for future generations.[44]
See also
- Waiting for the Weekend
- Work-leisure dichotomy
- Lifestyle (sociology)
- The Theory of the Leisure Class
- Labour economics
- Conspicuous leisure and conspicuous consumption
- Recreation
- Entertainment
- Leisure satisfaction
- Work-life balance
- 1 2 Kelly, John (1996). Leisure, 3rd edition. Boston and London: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 17–27. ISBN 0-13-110561-2.
- ↑ Laurent Turcot, "The origins of leisure", International Innovation, April 2016,
- ↑ Veblen, Thorsten (1953). The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: New American Library. p. 46.
- ↑ Goodin, Robert E.; Rice, James Mahmud; Bittman, Michael; & Saunders, Peter. (2005). "The time-pressure illusion: Discretionary time vs free time". Social Indicators Research 73(1), 43–70. (JamesMahmudRice.info, "Time pressure" (PDF))
- ↑ Situationist International #9 (1964) "Questionnaire, section 12"
- ↑ Peter N. Stearns, ed., Encyclopedia of European social history from 1350 to 2000 (2001) 5:3-261.
- ↑ Mark Wyman (1993). Round-trip to America: The Immigrants Return to Europe, 1880-1930. Cornell University Press. p. 53.
- ↑ Edward C. Prescott, "Why do Americans work so much more than Europeans?" (No. w10316. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004) online.
- ↑ Suzanne Morton, "Leisure," Oxford Companion to Canadian History (2006) pp 355-56.
- ↑ George Karlis, Leisure and recreation in Canadian society: An introduction (2011).
- ↑ Gerald Redmond, "Some Aspects of Organized Sport and Leisure in Nineteenth-Century Canada." Loisir et société/Society and Leisure 2#1 (1979): 71-100.
- ↑ Lynne Sorrel Marks (1996). Revivals and Roller Rinks: Religion, Leisure, and Identity in Late-nineteenth-century Small-town Ontario.
- ↑ Lorenz, Stacy L. (2000). "A Lively Interest on the Prairies": Western Canada, the Mass Media, and a 'World of Sport,' 1870-1939". Journal of Sport History. 27 (2): 195–227.
- ↑ Theodore Zeldin, France, 1848-1945, vol. 2, Intellect, Taste and Anxiety (1977) pp 2:270-71.
- 1 2 Peter J. Beck, "Leisure and Sport in Britain." in Chris Wrigley, ed., A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain (2008): 453-69.
- ↑ G. R. Searle, A New England?: Peace and War, 1886-1918 (Oxford University Press, 2004), 529-70.
- ↑ Hugh Cunningham, Time, work and leisure: Life changes in England since 1700 (2014)
- ↑ John K. Walton, The English seaside resort. A social history 1750-1914 (1983).
- ↑ Searle, A New England? pp 547-53
- ↑ Peter Haydon, The English pub: a history (1994).
- ↑ John K. Walton, Leisure in Britain, 1780-1939 (1983).
- ↑ Charles Loch Mowat, Britain between the Wars 1918-1940 (1955) pp 246-50
- ↑ Derek Birley, Land of sport and glory: Sport and British society, 1887-1910 (1995)
- ↑ Cooper, David (1999). "Canadians Declare 'It Isn't Cricket': A Century of Rejection of the Imperial Game, 1860-1960". Journal of Sport History. 26: 51–81.
- ↑ Derek Birley, A Social History of English Cricket (1999) excerpt
- ↑ Cottle, Basil (1978). "Popular Reading And Our Public Libraries: The Abjured Prescription". Library Review. 27: 222–227. doi:10.1108/eb012677.
- ↑ Nicholas Joicey, "A Paperback Guide to Progress: Penguin Books 1935–c. 1951." Twentieth Century British History 4#1 (1993): 25-56. online
- ↑ Joseph McAleer, Popular Reading and Publishing in Britain: 1914-1950 (1992).
- ↑ Joseph McAleer, Passion's fortune: the story of Mills & Boon (1999).
- ↑ Nicola Humble, The Feminine Middlebrow Novel, 1920s to 1950s: Class, Domesticity, and Bohemianism (2001).
- ↑ Alison Light, Forever England: femininity, literature and conservatism between the wars (1991).
- ↑ Ernest Sackville Turner, Boys Will Be Boys: The Story of Sweeney Todd, Deadwood Dick, Sexton Blake, Billy Bunter, Dick Barton et al. (3rd ed. 1975).
- 1 2 3 Stebbins, Robert (2015). Serious Leisure - A Perspective for Out Time. New Brunswick USA: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0363-4.
- ↑ "The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP)". The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP). Retrieved 2016-02-18.
- 1 2 3 "Concepts". The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP). Retrieved 2016-02-18.
- ↑ Farb, Peter (1968). Man's Rise to Civilization As Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State. New York City: E.P. Dutton. p. 28. LCC E77.F36.
Most people assume that the members of the Shoshone band worked ceaselessly in an unremitting search for sustenance. Such a dramatic picture might appear confirmed by an erroneous theory almost everyone recalls from schooldays: A high culture emerges only when the people have the leisure to build pyramids or to create art. The fact is that high civilization is hectic, and that primitive hunters and collectors of wild food, like the Shoshone, are among the most leisured people on earth.
- ↑ OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Society at a Glance 2009: OE. See image at dx.doi.org
- ↑ Hiley Sharp, Erin; Caldwell, Linda L.; Graham, John W.; Ridenour, Ty A. (2006). "Individual Motivation and Parental Influence on Adolescents' Experiences of Interest in Free Time: A Longitudinal Examination". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 35 (3): 340–353. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9045-6.
- ↑ Shaw, S. M. (1997). "Controversies and contradictions in family leisure: An analysis of conflicting paradigms". Journal of Leisure Research. 29 (1): 98–112.
- 1 2 Hebblethwaite, Shannon (2014). "Grannie's got to go fishing": meanings and experiences of family leisure for three-generation families in rural and urban settings". World Leisure Journal. 56 (1): 42–61. doi:10.1080/04419057.2013.876588.
- ↑ Rye, J (2006). "Rural youths' images of the rural". Journal of Rural Studies. 22: 409–421. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.01.005.
- ↑ Kleiber, D. A., Walker, G. J., & Mannell, R. C. (2011). A social psychology of leisure. Venture Pub., Incorporated.
- ↑ Kelly, ed., John (1993). Activity and Aging. Newbury Park and London: Sage. pp. 125–145. ISBN 0-8039-5273-2.
- ↑ Hebblethwaite, S.; Norris, J. (2011). "Expressions of generativity through family leisure: Experiences of grandparents and adult grandchildren". Family Relations. 60 (1): 121–133. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2010.00637.x.
Further reading
- Cross, Gary S. Encyclopedia of recreation and leisure in America. (2004).
- Harris, David. Key concepts in leisure studies. (Sage, 2005)
- Hunnicutt, Benjamin Kline. Free Time: The Forgotten American Dream. (Temple University Press, 2013).
- Ibrahim, Hilmi. Leisure and society: a comparative approach (1991).
- Jenkins, John M., and J.J.J. Pigram. Encyclopedia of leisure and outdoor recreation. (Routledge, 2003). ISBN 0-415-25226-1.
- Rojek, Chris, Susan M. Shaw, and A.J. Veal, eds/ A Handbook of Leisure Studies. (2006).
- Stebbins, Robert A. "Serious Leisure: A Perspective for Our Time". Transaction (2007). Paperback edition with new Preface (2015).
History of leisure
- Abrams, Lynn. Workers' culture in imperial Germany: leisure and recreation in the Rhineland and Westphalia (2002).
- Beck, Peter J. "Leisure and Sport in Britain." in Chris Wrigley, ed., A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain (2008): 453-69.
- Borsay, Peter. A History of Leisure: The British Experience since 1500 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006).
- Cross, Gary. A social history of leisure since 1600 (1990).
- De Grazia, Victoria. The culture of consent: mass organisation of leisure in fascist Italy (2002).
- Koshar, Rudy. Histories of Leisure (2002).
- Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of world sport: from ancient times to the present (Oxford UP, 1999).
- Poser, Stefan: Freizeit und Technik, European History Online, Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: 1 March 2013.
- Poser, Stefan: Leisure Time and Technology, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: October 25, 2011.
- Stearns, Peter N. ed. Encyclopedia of European social history from 1350 to 2000 (2001) 5:3-261; 18 essays by experts
- Struna, Nancy L. People of Prowess Sport Leisure and Labor in Early Anglo-America (1996) excerpt
- Towner, John, and Geoffrey Wall. "History and tourism." Annals of Tourism Research 18.1 (1991): 71-84. online
- Towner, John. "The Grand Tour: a key phase in the history of tourism." Annals of tourism research 12#3 (1985): 297-333.
- Turcot, Laurent "The origins of Leisure", International Innovation, April 2016
- Walton, John K. Leisure in Britain, 1780-1939 (1983).
- Withey, Lynne. Grand Tours and Cook's Tours: A history of leisure travel, 1750 to 1915 (1997).
- Akyeampong, Emmanuel, and Charles Ambler. "Leisure in African history: An introduction." International journal of African historical studies 35#1 (2002): 1-16.
- Mommaas, Hans, et al. Leisure research in Europe: methods and traditions (Cab international, 1996), on France, Poland, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, and the UK.
- Ritter, Gerhard A (1978). "Workers' culture in Imperial Germany: problems and points of departure for research". Journal of Contemporary History. 13 (2): 165–189. doi:10.1177/002200947801300201. JSTOR 260112.
- Schiller, Kay; Young, Christopher (2009). "The history and historiography of sport in Germany: Social, cultural and political perspectives". German History. 27 (3): 313–330. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghp029.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Leisure |
- Peter Burke, The invention of leisure in early modern Europe, Past & Present, February 1995
- The Development of Leisure Amongst the Social Classes During the Industrial Revolution
- "The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP)". The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP). Retrieved 2016-02-17.
- "Leisure Perspective". My Nephew's Take on Leisure (SMD). Retrieved 2016-09-19. |
Epigenetic gestational age acceleration (EGAA) at birth and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in childhood may be biomarkers of the intrauterine environment. We investigated the extent to which first-trimester folate, B12, 5 essential, and 7 non-essential metals in maternal circulation are associated with EGAA and EAA in early life. Bohlin EGAA and Horvath pan-tissue and skin and blood EAA were calculated using DNA methylation measured in cord blood (N=351) and mid-childhood blood (N=326; median age = 7.7 years) in the Project Viva pre-birth cohort. A one standard deviation increase in individual essential metals (copper, manganese, and zinc) was associated with 0.94-1.2 weeks lower Horvath EAA at birth, and patterns of exposures identified by exploratory factor analysis suggested that a common source of essential metals was associated with Horvath EAA. We also observed evidence nonlinear associations of zinc with Bohlin EGAA, magnesium and lead with Horvath EAA, and cesium with skin and blood EAA at birth. Overall, associations at birth did not persist in mid-childhood; however, arsenic was associated with greater EAA at birth and in childhood. Prenatal metals, including essential metals and arsenic, are associated with epigenetic aging in early life, which might be associated with future health.
Original language | English |
Pages (from-to) | 3107-3136 |
Number of pages | 30 |
Journal | Aging |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2024 |
- epigenetic age acceleration
- folate
- metals
- prenatal exposures |
Do you know what bamboo shoots taste like? When you hear about bamboo shoots, you might think about them in hot sour soup at the Chinese buffet or takeout. They are a "must-have ingredient" in Buddha's Delight, hot sour soup, and many other Chinese dishes. They are also one of the most common ingredients in numerous Asian recipes.
Jump To
- What are bamboo shoots?
- What do bamboo shoots taste like
- Factors influencing the taste of bamboo shoots
- Is it safe to eat bamboo?
- How to cook bamboo shoots
- Extra tips when cooking bamboo shoots
- Storing the bamboo shoots
- Where to get bamboo shoots?
- What do bamboo shoots taste like?-Final thoughts
You will find bamboo shoots in canned, fresh, and dried forms. You might wonder what role this veggie plays in cooking, which is to add texture and flavor.
What are bamboo shoots?
Bamboo shoots are edible young sprouts from bamboo plants' rhizomes (root). The young vertical growths appearing at ground level on bamboo plants are called bamboo shoots. These tender shoots are harvested when they are young and have not matured into woody stems. Bamboo shoots are a common ingredient in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia.
Bamboo shoots typically have a conical or cylindrical shape with a pointed tip. The raw bamboo shoots are usually pale yellow or ivory, with tightly layered outer leaves that need to be peeled away before consumption.
What do bamboo shoots taste like
Bamboo shoots have a mild, slightly sweet flavor with subtle earthy undertones. Their taste can be described as delicate and fresh, often likened to a cross between asparagus and water chestnuts. The flavor of bamboo shoots is relatively neutral, making them versatile ingredients that can complement a wide range of dishes without overpowering other flavors.
When properly cooked, bamboo shoots have a tender yet slightly crunchy texture, adding texture and flavor to various Asian dishes such as stir-fries, soups, salads, egg rolls, and dumplings. Sliced, canned bamboo shoots add crunch to salads or rice bowls with soy sauce. Their texture also makes them a great addition to fried rice and noodles. Simply steaming brings out the natural sweetness of this versatile ingredient for a tasty home-cooked meal.
Factors influencing the taste of bamboo shoots
Several key factors influence the taste of edible shoots. The bamboo species plays a major role, as different varieties impart distinctive flavors. The Bambusa vulgaris species commonly used for food tends to have a milder taste than other types. The age and size of the shoot are also significant. Younger bamboo sprouts harvested in their first year of growth often have a sweeter and more tender texture with lighter flavors. Older, whole shoots can be quite fibrous and develop stronger, earthier tastes.
The growing conditions and processing methods further impact the flavor profile. Fresh shoots harvested from nutrient-rich soil in sunny environments tend to be sweeter. Conversely, shady or stressful growing conditions can produce shoots with bolder tastes. The processing method, such as canning, freezing, or drying, affects the final crisp texture and concentrated natural flavors. Cooking techniques also make a difference. For instance, stir-frying offers a different result than simmering in a curry. Steaming also brings out different nuances of the shoots.
Is it safe to eat bamboo?
Bamboo shoots are safe for human consumption when correctly harvested and handled. Thorough cooking, such as boiling or steaming until tender, helps significantly reduce any potential risk. It's also advisable to use only young bamboo shoots or tender sprouts harvested from a known edible variety of bamboo shoots.
How to cook bamboo shoots
Cooking bamboo shoots is a delightful way to add texture and flavor to various dishes. Here's a simple guide on how to cook bamboo shoots:
Peeling: If using fresh bamboo shoots, peel away the tough outer layers until you reach the tender core. Cut off any tough ends. Lastly, press your thumb underneath the bamboo sprout and push it right out. This is the most straightforward process to peel this veggie. If using canned bamboo shoots, drain and rinse them thoroughly to remove any excess brine or canned flavor.
Boil the bamboo shoots: Fill a pot with enough water to cover the bamboo shoots. If desired, add a pinch of salt. Bring the water to a boil and add the bamboo shoots.
- Boil the bamboo shoots for about 15-30 minutes to remove any bitterness and soften them. The exact cooking time may vary depending on the size and freshness of the shoots. You can check if the inner part of the shoots has become tender by inserting a skewer.
- After boiling, drain the bamboo shoots and rinse them under cold water to stop the cooking process. This step also helps to remove any remaining bitterness. If you're using canned bamboo shoots, they're already pre-cooked, so you can skip the boiling or blanching step and proceed directly to cooking them according to your recipe.
Slice or dice the bamboo shoots: Once the bamboo shoots are boiled and cooled, slice or dice them according to your recipe's instructions. They can be cut into thin strips, cubes, or other desired shapes.
Cooking: Bamboo shoots can be cooked in different ways. They can be stir-fried, sautéed, boiled, braised, or added to soups and stews. If you choose to stir-fry, you can add bamboo shoots along with garlic, ginger, onions, or chili peppers in a heated wok to add aromatics. After the bamboo shoots become heated through and lightly browned, seasonings like soy sauce and oyster sauce pair well with them.
Extra tips when cooking bamboo shoots
Here are some extra tips to help you to make the perfect bamboo shoot:
- Choose fresh bamboo shoots, if available, for the best flavor and texture.
- Boiling the bamboo shoots before cooking helps remove and tenderize bitterness.
- Be mindful not to overcook bamboo shoots, which can become mushy. Aim for a tender yet slightly crisp texture.
- If using canned bamboo shoots, be sure to rinse them thoroughly to remove any canned flavor.
Storing the bamboo shoots
To remove any excess bitterness, it is advisable to soak all the peeled bamboo shoots in cold water for at least 30 minutes after boiling. Before cooking, you can store them in the refrigerator for over a week. Also, you can keep them in water simultaneously, but remember to replace the water once a day.
Cooked bamboo shoots can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3-4 days. They can also be frozen for longer storage.
Raw Bamboo shoots can be kept in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. If you keep them longer, the sprouts may become bitter. Canned versions can last for almost a year. Boiling and freezing the shoots will keep them fresh for longer than two weeks.
Where to get bamboo shoots?
You can get bamboo shoots from several sources, depending on your location and preferences.
Asian markets or specialty stores are excellent places to find a wide variety of bamboo shoots, both fresh and canned. You can generally buy bamboo shoots at Asian grocery stores in the refrigerated section or from online retailers. Also, in areas where bamboo is grown, you may find fresh bamboo shoots available at farmers' markets during the spring season.
What do bamboo shoots taste like?-Final thoughts
With their amazing nutritional profile and flexible culinary applications, bamboo shoots are worthy of more acknowledgment as a delectable, popular ingredient. Their unique texture and nuanced delicate taste match the scope of global Chinese cuisine commendably. Understanding factors influencing taste allows you to optimize the cooking process. With more awareness and innovative uses, bamboo shoots have great potential to be an excellent choice in the culinary world.
If you are a fan of Asian cuisine, bamboo shoots are your"must try"! |
Diabetes can lead to various complications, including neuropathy (nerve damage) and reduced blood flow to the extremities, elevating the risk of foot-related problems. A comprehensive diabetic foot assessment is paramount in the early identification of issues and the prevention of more severe complications such as ulcers and amputations.
Our diabetic foot assessment is a meticulous evaluation conducted by our skilled healthcare professionals, specifically tailored for individuals with diabetes. This assessment comprises several essential components to ensure the utmost foot health:
At the Arch Foot Clinic, our commitment to your well-being extends to comprehensive diabetic foot assessments, designed to protect your feet and overall health. |
The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has found improvements are needed to ease pressure on urgent and emergency care services across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. This follows a series of coordinated inspections which took place from February to June, across the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland integrated care system.
Integrated care systems (ICSs) are new partnerships between organisations involved in health and care across an area. Integrated care boards (ICBs) are being formed across the country to coordinate these partnerships to improve people's health and will replace clinical commissioning groups (CCGs).
These inspections were conducted to understand how services respond to the challenges they face as individual providers, but that require a co-ordinated response. They are also intended to support ICBs to better understand the journey people experience when seeking urgent care and identify where they can make improvements. To read more about this work visit the CQC website.
Following these inspections, CQC has called for closer working between the healthcare organisations who deliver care across the county, including sharing risks to ease pressure on key services.
The emergency department serving Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland is at Leicester Royal Infirmary, and how services work together to support people moving between health and social care has increased pressure on this emergency department, resulting in delays in the care and treatment for patients.
As part of this programme of coordinated inspections, CQC inspected over 30 individual services across the system. These included urgent and emergency care and medical services run by University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, GP surgeries, urgent care services, adult social care services and the NHS 111 service. (Links to these services can be found at the end of this press release.)
Fiona Allinson, CQCs director of operations, said:
"During the inspections across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, we found staff working extremely hard under sustained pressure. It was also clear from our inspections that many services had started to think about a system wide approach to reducing demand on urgent and emergency services. However, many solutions were relatively short term, small scale pilots which were impacted by staffing issues. Organisations in the system need to work together to learn from these pilots and ensure those which are successful are sustained.
"Staffing was a challenge across the NHS111 service although, it was reassuring that recruitment was on-going. It was however concerning that patients trying to contact NHS111 experienced some delays getting through to the service which could put people at risk. However, at the time of our inspection, performance was better than England averages for the percentage of calls answered within 60 seconds.
"Additionally, we found some examples of people living in social care who experienced long delays when accessing 999 services. Although advice was provided, patients were experiencing long waits and a poor outcome, especially for people who had fallen and remained on the floor. Improvements need to be made to ensure people receive a better standard of care.
"In urgent and emergency care services across the board, staff raised concerns about their skills, and some felt additional training would be beneficial to help meet the needs of patients. Senior leaders need to make sure they are supporting staff with their training needs in order to keep people safe.
"There were issues with patients receiving care and treatment in the emergency department at Leicester Royal Infirmary, particularly at night. Beds weren't allocated to patients until they had been seen by specialist staff, this meant some patients spent more time waiting in the emergency department. Also, patient transfers to other hospitals stopped in the evening which restricted patients transferring to other services.
"Escalation processes weren't effective. At times when Leicester Royal Infirmary and the ambulance service was under pressure, staff felt there was a lack of diverts available to other sites or services and that partner organisations were slow to respond and give support.
"We have told the health and social care organisations we inspected across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, the improvements they need to make to improve people's experiences through urgent and emergency care. We look forward to seeing what can be achieved by all partners working together."
Across the system, inspectors found:
- Long delays in handover of patients from ambulance to hospital resulted in a high number of ambulances waiting outside Leicester Royal Infirmary, this caused delays in responding to 999 calls
- People reported difficulties when trying to see or speak to their GP. Some GP practices had invested in new technology to improve telephone access. Staff working in GP practices signposted patients to extended and out of hours services to prevent people attending emergency department whenever possible
- Staff working in urgent care services reported challenges due to the volume of pilots being carried out to reduce admissions. Many pilots ran for relatively short periods of time and were often impacted by staffing issues. This made it difficult to maintain oversight of pathways available to avoid acute services. However, some pilots had proved successful and prevented hospital admissions
- Psychiatric liaison services at Leicester Royal Infirmary were well run and designed to meet people's needs. Staff demonstrated effective partnership working with a person-centred approach and good use of alternative pathways to avoid admission into acute or social care services
- There was a high number of patients in hospital who were medically fit for discharge but remained in acute services. Communication about discharge and discharge processes were impacting on the quality of transfers of care to social care services
- Out of hours care had been challenging throughout the pandemic as staff were redeployed to other key services, this had particularly impacted on home visiting services.
A full list of the services inspected and links to their reports can be found below:
GP surgeries
- Heron GP Practice
- Aylestone Health Centre
- East Park Medical Practice
- South Leicestershire Medical Group
Urgent care services
Care services
- Heathcotes (Kirby Muxloe)
- Holmes House Care Home
- Caremark - Charnwood
- Panashe Home Care Services Limited
- Willowbrook
- Rearsby Home Limited
- Oak House Residential Home
- Enderby Grange
- The Ashton Care Home
- The Big House
- Oakham Grange
- Regus House
- Hamilton House
- UK Care Staffing
- Caremark Hinckley Bosworth & Blaby
- Kingswood Lodge Residential Care Home
- Enlightened Care Generation Limited
- Barons Park Care
- Panashe Home Care Services
- Rowan House
- The Briars
- React Homecare
- Carewatch (Harborough)
- Precious Hope and Home Care Ltd
- Meadow's Court
- Pinglenook Residential Home
Ambulance service |
Zilog Z180
The Zilog Z180 is an 8-bit microprocessor that was developed in 1985 by Hitachi under the designation HD64180 . Later the company Zilog Inc. built the chip almost unchanged under the name Z180.
Command structure
The Z180 has a processor core that is completely code compatible with the Z80 . For the first time came here microcode technology with execution pipelining used. A number of commands require fewer machine cycles than the original Z80. A special interrupt , Reserved Instruction Trap , is triggered when an invalid command is detected. The undocumented commands popular with some Z80 programmers are therefore taboo for the Z180. Special instructions for addressing the internal registers and a multiplication command have been added.
The success of the Z180 is mainly due to the fact that a number of peripheral components are already integrated on the chip. These are in detail:
- Clock generator. Only one crystal and two capacitors are required.
- Memory management ( Memory Management Unit MMU) for 1 MB of RAM.
- Two DMA controllers with memory <-> memory and memory <-> IO transfers. The DMA controllers support the full 1 Mbyte address space.
- Programmable wait state generator, separate for memory and IO access
- Programmable DRAM - Refresh controller
- Two asynchronous, serial full duplex interfaces ( UART ) with programmable baud rate generator for transmission rates from 300 to 38400 baud and support for modem control lines
- A clocked, serial high-speed interface for setting up multiprocessor systems
- Two 16-bit programmable timers
- Two external universal interrupt inputs
Memory management
Since the Z80 can logically address a maximum of 64 kbytes, the MMU manages the main memory via so-called memory banks. There are three areas:
- Common Area 0
- Bank Area
- Common Area 1
The MMU shows the physical memory in 4 kByte blocks in the logical address space. Common areas 0 and 1 are each at the lower and upper end of the logical address space and are normally assigned to fixed physical memory areas. If necessary, the program can switch the allocation of the logical memory in the bank area in between. |
A company vehicle driver agreement is a necessary document for any business that has employees who drive company vehicles. This agreement outlines the expectations and responsibilities of the driver, including rules pertaining to vehicle usage, maintenance, and safety.
The purpose of a company vehicle driver agreement is to ensure that employees who are authorized to drive company vehicles are aware of the rules and regulations surrounding this privilege. The agreement should be signed by both the employee and the employer, and should be kept on file.
The following are some of the key components of a company vehicle driver agreement:
1. Driver Eligibility: The agreement should outline who is eligible to drive a company vehicle, as well as the necessary qualifications and credentials required to do so.
2. Vehicle Usage: This section should outline the permitted use of the company vehicle, including any restrictions on personal use, as well as the conditions under which the vehicle may be used for business purposes.
3. Safety: Safety should be a top priority when it comes to company vehicle usage. The agreement should detail the requirements for vehicle maintenance, inspections, and driver safety procedures.
4. Reporting and Record-keeping: The agreement should outline the proper procedures for reporting any accidents, incidents, or damage to the company vehicle. It should also specify the types of records that need to be kept, such as driver logs and maintenance records.
5. Termination: The agreement should also include a section on termination, outlining the conditions under which the employee`s driving privileges may be revoked.
In addition to these key components, a company vehicle driver agreement may also include provisions relating to insurance coverage, fuel reimbursement, and penalties for violations of the agreement.
From an SEO standpoint, it`s important to ensure that the language used in a company vehicle driver agreement is clear and concise, with no unnecessary legal jargon. This will ensure that the document is easy to understand and accessible to all employees. Including relevant keywords and phrases, such as "vehicle usage" and "driver safety procedures," will also help the document to rank higher in search engine results for those searching for information on this topic.
Overall, a company vehicle driver agreement is an important document that should be prepared with care and attention to detail. By clearly outlining the expectations and responsibilities of company vehicle drivers, businesses can improve safety, minimize risk, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. |
How you approach website design for your ecommerce business tremendously impacts the results you can expect to achieve. A beautiful, user-friendly online presence encourages conversions. However, a clunky, difficult-to-navigate site is almost guaranteed to result in a bounce and harm your brand's reputation.
But while you may be investing your time, energy, and resources into perfecting your homepage or product pages, remember that ecommerce category pages make up one of the essential steps in the buyer's journey.
Yes, most product listing pages (PLPs) look simple enough — all they do is show the items your buyers can choose from. Nonetheless, you can still employ UX design to make them look and perform better (and inspire more conversions).
To help you get the most out of these assets, we rounded up the UX best practices that boost conversion rates on ecommerce category pages. Let's dive in.
Choose a Mobile-Friendly (and Adjustable) Layout
Nothing frustrates web visitors more than a page that doesn't display well.
Research shows that 30% of people will stop interacting with content that doesn't display well on their current device.
Furthermore, as you explore UX design strategies for your website, remember that over 50% of all web traffic comes from mobile devices. And seeing how different screen sizes necessitate different layouts, you must do your best to choose one that will work for your web visitors.
The good news is that you can significantly improve user experience on your ecommerce category pages by opting for a mobile-friendly page layout. However, if you want to take things to the next level and guarantee your audience has a pleasant time browsing product listings, allow for some adjustability.
To see a great example of this UX design strategy, check out the Cardigans and Sweaters page on the Mango website. In the top right corner, you'll notice an option that lets visitors choose whether to show 2 or 4 garments per row. This gives shoppers control over how big each item appears. Moreover, it allows them to jump into the product evaluation process without wasting time navigating between product pages or forcing them to open multiple tabs to see each garment.
Source: mango.com
Don't Distract the User with Too Many Filter Elements
Allowing users to filter results based on their preferences and needs is crucial when designing ecommerce category pages. But if you want to guarantee a positive UX experience, resist the temptation to clutter PLPs with too many UI controls. Otherwise, you'll overwhelm potential buyers and cause them to become frustrated before even looking at the products in your offer.
If you must include multiple filters to ensure your audience has the necessary tools to choose relevant products, consider user-friendly ways to reduce visual clutter. Creating a seamless browsing experience in a digital merchandising platform involves optimizing filter functionalities to minimize visual clutter while empowering users to find products that meet their preferences
For instance, if you check out the Composite Wall Cladding page on Ovaeda, you'll see that it includes dozens of filters. But, to prevent these from detracting from the user experience, the brand collapses the choices based on a few broad categories like color, type, or price.
This is a smart way to make the product browsing process more enjoyable for Ovaeda's customers. It also minimizes the number of unnecessary visual elements on the page, allowing shoppers to focus on the products instead of wasting time navigating a complex UI structure.
Source: ovaeda.com
Pick Thumbnails That Capture the Shopper's Attention
Visuals are crucial during the product selection and evaluation process. According to research, 75% of shoppers rely on product photography to make buying decisions. And even more importantly, 60% of consumers consider high-quality photos the most critical factor during shopping.
So, if product photos are essential for boosting conversion rates, the one UX design hack you need to implement on your PLPs is to use visuals that capture the shopper's attention.
In addition to choosing high-quality photos that show off the products in an attractive way, consider other ways you could capture your audience's attention with thumbnails.
For example, Greenhouse Emporium does something quite creative on its Greenhouse Kits page. The brand shows off its products already deployed at a customer's property. This doesn't just help buyers visualize the solutions in their own homes. It makes these large objects easier to evaluate by allowing buyers to see how they look relative to other common backyard elements.
Source: greenhouseemporium.com
Enable the Shopper to See More than One Product Angle
Apart from populating your ecommerce category pages with attention-grabbing thumbnails, don't forget that one product photo most likely isn't enough to convince your audience to convert.
Instead, your buyers will want to see at least three to five product snaps (from different angles) to make a purchasing decision they're comfortable with.
Admittedly, PLPs aren't usually where people look at product images. Nonetheless, one UX design trend that's been picking up is to enable shoppers to see more than one product angle on collection pages.
For example, Jacques Marie Mage allows shoppers to pick between product colorways on its Icons product collection page.
Source: jacquesmariemage.com
Simply Beach provides an alternative product view on mouse hover on its Women's Swimming Costume page, allowing users to see how a swimsuit looks from the back.
Source: simplybeach.com
And brands like Loewe fully embrace this UX design strategy. Loewe allows customers to see one alternative view and browse all the available product photos straight from the Men product category page. This makes the product evaluation process possible without forcing buyers to visit specific product pages.
Source: loewe.com
Don't Forget about Social Proof
As you already know, social proof is crucial for people in the process of making shopping decisions.
Research has shown that 99.75% of consumers read product reviews at least sometimes. But even more importantly, 98% of people consider social proof a crucial resource for making purchase decisions. With this in mind, you'll want to look for ways to upgrade your ecommerce category pages (and make them more likely to inspire conversions) with various instances of social proof.
The thing about implementing this UX design strategy on your ecommerce website is that you can do it in multiple ways, depending on your brand's (and target audience's) requirements.
For example, if you want to employ a pared-down product listing page design, doing something similar to Bariatric Fusion would be the best choice for your business. On its Bariatric Multivitamins product collection page, this brand uses the section right below the main product photo to show off a star rating and the number of reviews for the item.
Source: bariatricfusion.com
Or, if you want to draw your prospects' attention to the credibility of your ecommerce store, you could do something similar to the Danish Design Store. Check out the site's footer section, which is visible on all product category pages. The brand shows off its Google rating, which is a great way to instill in buyers a sense of safety when shopping with the retailer.
Source: danishdesignstore.com
Lastly, if you want to highlight your brand's trustworthiness but don't want to force web visitors to scroll to the bottom of your category pages, you could do something similar to Tiny Organics. This brand created a faux product pod on its Menu PLP, using the section to show off a testimonial from a professor of nutrition science.
Source: tinyorganics.com
Include an Explainer Video
When running an ecommerce store (or selling any solution, for that matter), you have to ensure that your audience understands your products.
But there's a specific point when product understanding becomes a conversion-boosting factor. You see, getting people to click the "Buy" button isn't just about getting them to comprehend what your solution does. More importantly, you need to guarantee your customers see how your products benefit them.
With this in mind, it's a good idea to explore UX design strategies that could boost product understanding on your category pages. If you're searching for the most effective tactic to reach the desired effect, consider adding explainer videos to PLPs.
Whether you're selling an out-of-the-ordinary product or have a complex delivery or assembly process, video can help you effectively communicate information and highlight user value.
For instance, check out the Custom Bike Decals page on the Vinyl Status website. This page includes an embedded YouTube video showing how decal creation works. It takes prospects through the process of ordering stickers. It points out important info like fast turnaround, shipping speeds, prices, available shapes, and additional options. And, sure, the brand could have just included this info in the page copy. However, because most consumers prefer to learn about products by watching videos, embedding this explainer is the best option for maximizing conversion potential.
Source: vinylstatus.com
Use Quick-Add-to-Cart Options
As you explore UX best practices that boost conversion rates — whether for ecommerce category pages or product pages — you need to understand that a quick shopping process is crucial for giving your customers a pleasant buying experience.
If you look at why people abandon their carts, you'll find that 22% of consumers fail to convert due to a slow or complicated check process. What this data indicates is, of course, that ecommerce stores need to work to streamline the shopping process as much as possible. Whether that's by allowing guest purchases or one-click checkout is up to you.
However, remember that (at least a section of) your audience might be in a hurry to buy. See if you can include a Quick Add to Cart (and a Quick View) option on your PLPs.
If you look at the Fruit Pigmented Makeup collection page on the 100% Pure website, you'll see that the brand allows buying without forcing visitors to go through product pages. This is an excellent conversion-boosting strategy. And its result isn't just an uptick in sales. It could also improve average order value by ensuring shoppers don't overlook a product they want because they left the category page they were browsing.
Source: 100percentpure.com
Another thing to remember as you explore ways to streamline the shopping process is that a conversion (even on an ecommerce site) doesn't equal a sale. So don't hesitate to include secondary CTAs (like allowing consumers to add an item to their wishlist) in your UX design.
For example, if you check out the LG Lifestyle Monitors category page, you'll notice a "Compare" option at the bottom of each product pod. This is a marvelous UX design strategy. It helps shoppers evaluate products, but more importantly, it empowers them to make the right buying choice. This instantly elevates the customer experience, maximizes satisfaction, and contributes to customer loyalty.
Source: lg.com
Emphasize Savings
As you explore ways to make your ecommerce category pages more effective at inspiring conversions, don't forget to emphasize savings.
After all, today's consumers want to get good deals. And statistical data shows that 92% of people always search for promo code, discounts and offers before buying. So, if your audience wants value for money, why not add design elements to your product listing pages that will highlight savings?
The great thing about this tactic is that it's easy to pull off. All you need is a banner or a price anchor — like the one on the Women's Handbags page on the Aldo website — and your potential customers will know that shopping with your brand pays off.
Source: aldoshoes.com
Final Thoughts
Elevating your ecommerce category pages to boost conversions is all about UX best practices. So, by following the tips from this article, you're guaranteed to create collection pages that sell.
To maximize your ecommerce site's conversion potential, you need to optimize product pages as well. After all, most consumers will take a closer look at a product before committing to a purchase. Nonetheless, by investing in PLP design, you'll significantly upgrade the shopping experience, empower your prospects to make smarter buying decisions, and create an environment suited for impulse purchases. |
As it has done before in recognition of Earth Day (22 April), ocean charity the Marine Conservation Society (MCS) has released a selection of 10 images taken by some of its supporting photographers to highlight the UK's rich array of marine life .
The focus of Earth Day 2024 is "Planet v Plastics", with a call for a 60% reduction in production of all plastics by 2040.
The material currently make up at least 80% of marine litter, and poses a significant threat to the health and survival of marine species, says the society, with animals such as seabirds and turtles becoming entangled in debris or eating it, resulting in fatal digestive issues. Plastics can also contain harmful chemicals linked to hormonal imbalances.
The MCS's State Of Our Beaches report found that nine of the top 10 litter items found on UK beaches were plastics. "Without a healthy ocean, we cannot have a healthy planet," commented MCS chief executive Sandy Luk.
"These stunning images show the beauty and wonder of the marine life in our seas but, at the same time, are a vivid reminder that these fragile ecosystems are in urgent need of protection and restoration." The images are accompanied by background information from the photographers.
- 1) Compass Jellyfish, Falmouth, by Michiel Vos
- 2) Sea Loch Anemones & Squat Lobsters, Loch Duich, by Dan Bolt
- 3) Clingfish, Portland Harbour, by Georgie Bull
- 4) Blue Shark, Penzance, by Jon Bunker
- 5) Northern Gannet, Hermaness National Nature Reserve, Shetland, by Kevin Morgan
- 6) Skeleton Shrimp, Pen Wyn Reef, Cornwall, by Kirsty Andrews
- 7) Sea Hare, Silver Steps, Falmouth, by Shannon Moran
- 8) Horse Mussel Bed, Shetland, by Billy Arthur
- 9) Tompot Blenny, Torquay, by Jacob Guy
- 10) Jellyfish, by Lewis Jeffries
- 11) Getting involved
Compass Jellyfish, Falmouth, by Michiel Vos
"This compass jellyfish is viewed just under the surface of Falmouth Bay. It occurs in coastal waters all around the British Isles and can be commonly seen in Cornwall over summer, alongside blue, crystal, moon and sometimes big barrel jellyfish.
"The photo was taken while snorkelling in broad daylight, but by using a small aperture and fast shutter-speed the water appears black. The jellyfish is only centimetres from the camera housing and is lit up with a flash. The bright sky is visible in 'Snell's Window', a phenomenon caused by the refraction of light entering the water."
Sea Loch Anemones & Squat Lobsters, Loch Duich, by Dan Bolt
"No matter how much mistreatment our marine life takes, it always has a way of making the most of a bad situation. Here an old diver's torch has become home to many different species and is becoming part of the environment itself. You can see sea loch anemones on the torch, a couple of small squat lobsters using it as shelter and, in the background, a sea urchin and a sea cucumber complete this pretty reef scene in western Scotland."
Clingfish, Portland Harbour, by Georgie Bull
"This image was taken at the end of a dive in Portland Harbour. Just before exiting the water, I decided to check the holdfast (root-like structure) of some wakame kelp attached to a pipe. I'd heard rumours that clingfish lay their eggs in the delicate folds at the base of the stipe but had never been lucky enough to see one with my own eyes.
"To my delight, a pair of eyes stared back at me as I approached. I only had one shot before he retreated into his home, and this was the photo that I took. I really like it because it captures something special about how characterful and charismatic small UK fish are. You just have to know where to look!"
Blue Shark, Penzance, by Jon Bunker
"Perhaps one of our most spectacular summer visitors, the blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a dazzling animal to come across in our seas, shimmering variously indigo, cobalt blue and even bronze in the sunshine. Circulating on a clockwise migratory route with the Gulf Stream, the most typical UK encounters are with younger females like this inquisitive example off Cornwall.
"This elegant creature was most likely looking to fatten up on squid and mackerel over the summer months before journeying back to the tropics. Indeed, it is the wide-ranging pelagic nature of these fish that makes them vulnerable to fishing activity, and they are currently categorised as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List."
Northern Gannet, Hermaness National Nature Reserve, Shetland, by Kevin Morgan
"Northern gannets are the largest seabirds in the North Atlantic, with roughly 60-70% of the world's population choosing to breed in the British Isles. They nest in locations with sufficient updraft to assist them when taking off; the windy stacks and tall cliffs of Shetland are ideal.
"There are an abundance of gannet colonies around Britain and Ireland, with most having been occupied for centuries. Bass Rock is the largest northern gannet colony in the world, home to more than 150,000 birds. The colony featured in this image is at Hermaness National Nature Reserve, which hosts around 30,000 pairs, a spectacular sight to behold as large numbers of birds soar over the stormy waters below."
Skeleton Shrimp, Pen Wyn Reef, Cornwall, by Kirsty Andrews
"This image of a skeleton shrimp, or caprellid, was captured on the Manacles reef system. The colourful background is another animal, the orange bryozoan known as ross coral. There were hundreds of skeleton shrimp living on the bryozoan, all only a couple of centimetres in size.
"The young climb all over the bodies of the adults, and the males are noticeably larger than the females. I had to get in close to isolate one individual with my macro lens, to show off the long slender body that gives this animal its 'skeleton' name."
Sea Hare, Silver Steps, Falmouth, by Shannon Moran
(see image at start of feature) "Early in the spring, just before the algae bloom, the waters in Cornwall turn an incredible shade of turquoise. I made the most of the sea conditions and aimed to capture the transition from green algae-filled water to the clear blue shallow water in the background of this image.
"2023 was a bumper year for sea hares at this dive-site, and for a few weeks in the spring the sea floor was absolutely covered with these large sea slugs. This hare was particularly large, at around 20cm!
"It had started to climb up the kelp-covered reef and after a few minutes made its way all the way to the top of this golden kelp stalk, where I captured this image."
Horse Mussel Bed, Shetland, by Billy Arthur
"This horse mussel bed with large dahlia anemone, brittlestars and juvenile queen scallops is situated in a highly tidal site off the east coast of Shetland. It's a bustling metropolis of marine life! A dense carpet of brittlestars covers the mussel bed and a multitude of other species can be found nestled among the horse mussels.
"If you're lucky, you might encounter a flapper skate or small-spotted cat shark looking for a meal. The dive-site can be reached only on a slack tide, due to the current being too strong to swim against in full slow. A diverse site with a hint of danger – it doesn't get much better!"
Tompot Blenny, Torquay, by Jacob Guy
"Tompot blennies are one of the most inquisitive species you find on a dive in the UK, which makes them perfect subjects for photographing. Their amazing patterns and large eyes make them one of my favourite fish species in the world to see on a dive and capture.
"I'd had multiple occasions where these confident blennies would come between me and my camera while shooting other subjects and even sometimes get in the way completely and there's nothing you can do but smile."
Jellyfish, by Lewis Jeffries
"In the summer months, jellyfish frequent the British Isles in large numbers, thought to be attracted by the warmer waters. This was a perfect summer's evening – clear and calm, with hardly a breath of wind.
"As the sun dipped lower in the sky the golden hour produced some beautiful light, and I found this individual swimming close to the surface. The golden colours of the jellyfish seemed to match the hue of the sky, making for a pleasing scene.
"I illuminated the jellyfish with flash and the dark background helped the creature stand out, creating a memorable image. I try to capture common subjects in a beautiful way – showing the wonders that are found on our doorstep, in the hope that they can inspire others to appreciate and care for our amazing wildlife."
Getting involved
The Marine Conservation Society says that people can help safeguard the beautiful diversity of British marine life by getting involved with its work – whether attending a beach clean, making a one-off donation or becoming a member.
Especially for divers and snorkellers, the MCS says that its Seasearch programme is "a great way of giving back and exploring the UK's waters". Seasearch volunteers conduct underwater surveys, providing an insight into the state of the seas.
More information about all aspects of the MCS's work can be found on the charity's website.
Also on Divernet: Mmm, tastes good – why corals like plastics, Microplastics form vast deep-sea drifts, Ghost-fishing means plastics infest deep coral, Plastics mar hermit-crab home-making, Ocean repels plastics using seagrass balls, Dye exposes 'invisible' ocean microplastics |
- New Zealand Parliament. Inquiry into the tobacco industry in Aotearoa and the consequences of tobacco use for Māori. Report of the Māori Affairs Select Committee. New Zealand Parliament, Wellington: 2010.
- US National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization. The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control. National Cancer Institute: Bethseda, MD, 2016.
- van der Deen F, Wilson N, Blakely T. A continuation of 10% annual tobacco tax increases until 2020: Modelling results for smoking prevalence by sex and ethnicity. N Z Med J 2016;129(1441):94.
- van der Deen FS, Wilson N, Cleghorn CL, et al. Impact of five tobacco endgame strategies on future smoking prevalence, population health and health system costs: two modelling studies to inform the tobacco endgame. Tob Control (E-publication, 2017).
- Pearson AL, van der Deen FS, Wilson N, Cobiac L, and Blakely T. Theoretical impacts of a range of major tobacco retail outlet reduction interventions: modelling results in a country with a smoke-free nation goal. Tob Control 2017.
- Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee Menthol cigarettes and public health: review of the scientific evidence and recommendations. Food and Drug Administration: Rockville, M.D, 2011.
- Samet JM, Pentz MA, and Unger JB. Flavoured tobacco products and the public's health: lessons from the TPSAC menthol report. Tob Control 2016;25:ii103-ii05.
- Donny EC, Walker N, Hatsukami D, and Bullen C. Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand. Tob Control, 2016 (Published online 26 September).
- Gartner CE, Barendregt JJ, Hall WD. Predicting the future prevalence of cigarette smoking in Australia: how low can we go and by when? Tob Control 2009;18(3):183-9.
- Ikeda T, Cobiac L, Wilson N, Carter K, and Blakely T. What will it take to get to under 5% smoking prevalence by 2025? Modelling in a country with a smokefree goal. Tob Control 2015;24:139-45.
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- Hill S, Amos A, Clifford D, et al. Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: review of the evidence. Tob Control 2014;23(e2):e89-e97
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About the Briefing
Public health expert commentary and analysis on the challenges facing Aotearoa New Zealand and evidence-based solutions.
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The Beauty and Charm of Succulent Plants
Succulent plants have become incredibly popular in recent years, adorning homes, offices, and gardens with their unique shapes, vibrant colors, and low-maintenance care requirements. These fascinating plants belong to a diverse group that includes cacti and various other water-storing species. Their popularity can be attributed to not only their aesthetic appeal but also their resilience and ease of care.
What Are Succulent Plants?
Succulents are plants that have adapted to survive in arid or semi-arid environments by storing water in their leaves, stems, or roots. This water storage allows them to withstand periods of drought, making them well-suited to hot climates. The word "succulent" comes from the Latin word "sucus," which means juice or sap, highlighting the characteristic water-holding abilities of these plants.
Types and Varieties
The world of succulents is incredibly diverse, encompassing a wide range of shapes, sizes, and colors. Some popular types of succulents include:
These are just a few examples, and there are countless other fascinating succulent varieties to explore.
Why Succulents Are Popular
There are several reasons why succulents have captured the hearts of so many plant lovers:
Caring for Succulents
While succulents are relatively low-maintenance, they do have specific care requirements to ensure their health and longevity:
Succulents are not only beautiful decorative plants but also fascinating examples of nature's adaptability. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, incorporating succulents into your indoor or outdoor space can bring a touch of natural elegance and tranquility. With their striking appearance and easy care requirements, succulents are sure to remain beloved additions to homes and gardens for years to come. |
Pearls are unique among gemstones because they come from the sea and require no special cutting or polishing to maximize their lustrous beauty. In many ancient societies, pearls symbolized the moon and were endowed with magical properties. Ancient Chinese civilization believed wearing pearls could protect a person from fire and dragons. In Victorian England, tiny pearls were often used in mourning jewelry to symbolize tears.
1. Size
Pearls are measured in millimeters, usually between 5 and 16mm. Our pearl size is also in this range. Freshwater pearls are generally the smallest. On average, South Sea pearls are usually the most prominent, and Tahitian pearls are the second largest. Pearls of all sizes look great when paired with other jewelry or even on their own.
2. Color
Pearls come in many colors, white, pink, purple, black. . . But their comparative value is just a matter of taste. Try different pearl colors on your skin to bring out subtle secondary tones.
3. Lustre
The easiest way to assess pearlescent luster is to look for your reflection in it – a premium luster with multiple layers of nacre will reflect off your face. Our pearls have this feature – when light enters the pearl; it bounces back through the nacre.
4. Surface
As for the pearl's surface, each pearl's smoothness is also different. While many people prize the smooth pearl surface, even the most valuable pearls can have some blemishes, and these minor marks often reflect the natural beauty of the growth process.
5. Pearl Jewelry as a gift
Pearls have long been exchanged as gifts. When the 13th-century explorer Marco Polo visited the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan, he presented him with the stunning Ako Valley pearl, which weighed 575 carats and was just over three inches long. In the 16th century, Prince Philip II of Spain gave his bride, Marie, a beautiful pearl called La Peregrina. |
Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) leverage a high degree of thread-level parallelism, necessitating large-sized register files for storing numerous thread contexts. To reduce the energy consumption in traditional static random access memory (SRAM)-based register files, recent research has explored non-volatile memory (NVM) for implementing register files. The hierarchical register file (HI-RF) combines SRAM-based register caches with NVM-based register files. In HI-RF, the register cache acts as a write buffer, indexed using both register IDs and warp IDs. HI-RF uses a direct-mapped register cache with two indexing schemes: a concatenating scheme and a thread context-aware scheme. Compiler-assigned register IDs significantly impact cache conflicts, particularly among registers sharing the same LSBs. To address this, we introduce a conflict-aware compiler (CAC) for GPUs equipped with HI-RF. CAC optimizes register assignments based on approximated register write counts. Our evaluation demonstrates that CAC improves performance by 11.1% and 5.9% with the concatenating and thread context-aware index schemes, respectively when compared to a conventional compiler. Simultaneously, it reduces the energy consumption by approximately 73.0 percentage points compared to SRAM for both indexing schemes. |
In health, we are inclined to underrate the fundamentals: getting sufficient water, sleeping sufficient hours, and sure, strolling sufficient steps. So simple as it's, strolling — which requires no coaching or particular tools — can have a big effect in your thoughts and physique.
Brisk strolling counts as cardio, however you don't have to select up the tempo to reap most of the advantages of strolling. Why is strolling necessary?
"It's what we're meant to do!" says Mary Beth Rockwell, CPT, CNC, CES.. "Strolling is a really efficient, low-impact, no-fuss type of train." Right here's what you have to know in regards to the potential well being advantages of strolling.
1. It Can Assist You Lose or Keep Weight
Don't dismiss the energy burned by strolling. Ambling at common velocity, a 150-pound particular person can burn 83 energy per mile. Feeling energized? Crank it as much as a brisk tempo with a slight grade to scorch 120 energy over the identical distance.
Weight reduction and fats loss principally come right down to power expended versus power consumed, and strolling can truly assist handle the quantity of energy you eat. Members in a single research walked briskly for an hour, however didn't eat extra, really feel hungrier, or produce extra of the starvation hormone ghrelin.
2. It Can Be a Good Different to Operating
"Operating could garner the extra glamorous headlines, nevertheless it's not for everybody," in response to Rockwell. "In the event you're overweight or have hip or knee ache, it's possible you'll must keep away from the pounding facet of operating."
That's the place strolling is available in. Since strolling is much less strenuous and lower-impact than operating, Rockwell says, "you'll be able to safely reap the bodily and psychological advantages of normal train whereas strolling, even when you aren't an excellent candidate for operating."
3. It Might Assist You Sleep Higher
Talking of sleep, strolling could assist with that, too. Members in a 2019 research who elevated their steps via each day strolling reported higher-quality sleep than their friends who didn't.
4. It Can Enhance Temper
"Research present that strolling can also assist you overcome emotions of despair and anxious emotions," Rockwell notes. However even when you don't battle with these feelings, this reasonable exercise can assist you extra successfully cope with stress when you interact in it mindfully.
And get open air when you can. There are many advantages to treadmill strolling, however temper enchancment is without doubt one of the massive advantages of strolling exterior, analysis suggests.
5. It Promotes Cardiovascular Well being
Right here's one of many massive advantages of strolling on daily basis: It's good to your coronary heart. In actual fact, it could be simply as useful to cardiovascular well being as operating, in response to analysis from the Lawrence Berkeley Nationwide Laboratory. So the extra you stroll, the larger the profit.
6. It Might Assist Assist Bone Well being
"Strolling is a low-impact, weight-bearing train, serving to your bones safely develop stronger," Rockwell explains, including that this profit grows more and more necessary as you age.
7. It's Straightforward to Scale Up or Down
As talked about above, a reasonable stroll can enhance a flagging temper. However when you're feeling highly effective, you'll be able to simply ramp up your effort and calorie burn by growing velocity or tackling some hills or stairs. Begin with these two energy strolling routines.
8. It Might Assist Enhance Digestive Well being
Publish-meal walks have been proven to promote common gastric emptying time. For all of you non-gastroenterologists, that's the interval throughout which meals strikes out of your abdomen to your small gut, which is related with a more healthy intestine.
9. It Might Promote Wholesome Blood Sugar
It's not essential to get all of your each day strolling in a single session. In actual fact, quick walks that break up bouts of sitting can have a optimistic impression on blood sugar. Rockwell says taking a number of smaller, brisk walks a day is a good way to chip away on the Division of Well being and Human Companies' really helpful 150 minutes of moderate-intensity train per week.
10. It Might Enhance Mind Well being
Proof suggests strolling could assist you construct a more healthy physique and thoughts. Members who accomplished psychological workouts and a walking-based train program for 12 weeks confirmed enhancements in reminiscence and government functioning, one research discovered.
Different analysis has additionally discovered that strolling could promote extra grey matter. (Grey matter is related to mind well being and a decrease threat of cognitive impairment.) Older adults who walked probably the most had the largest will increase in grey matter in this research.
11. It Might Enhance Inventive Pondering
Bought author's block? Take a stroll. Strolling boosted the creativity of 81 % of the contributors in one research. Whereas the "free move of concepts" the researchers noticed in the course of the stroll could result in your a-ha! second, in addition they famous a residual creativity increase that continued even after the contributors had sat again down following their stroll. |
As an investor, understanding stock exchanges is crucial to navigating the complex financial market. Stock exchanges serve as the primary platform for buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies, making them essential institutions in the global economy.
In this comprehensive guide, I will take you on a journey through the diverse and fascinating concept of stock exchanges, discussing their history, functionality, and the different types that exist today.
The History and Evolution of Stock Exchanges
The origins of stock exchanges can be traced back centuries ago when merchants and traders gathered to buy and sell shares of businesses and ventures.
However, the modern concept of stock exchanges as we know them today began to take shape in the 17th century with the establishment of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange and later with the London Stock Exchange.
Over the years, stock exchanges have evolved significantly, adapting to the changing needs of investors and advancements in technology. From manual trading on trading floors to the introduction of electronic trading systems, stock exchanges have embraced innovation to enhance efficiency and accessibility.
Today, stock exchanges are at the forefront of technological advancements, facilitating seamless trading across borders and time zones.
How Stock Exchanges Work
To understand how stock exchanges function, it is important to grasp the basic mechanics of trading. Companies looking to raise capital through the issuance of shares go through a process known as an initial public offering (IPO).
Once a company goes public, its shares become available for trading on a stock exchange. Buyers and sellers place orders to buy or sell shares through intermediaries known as brokers or brokerage firms.
Stock exchanges act as the central marketplace where these orders are matched, resulting in the exchange of ownership and the transfer of funds. The prices of shares are determined by supply and demand dynamics, with buyers and sellers negotiating through bids and offers.
Stock exchanges play a crucial role in providing liquidity to the market, ensuring that buyers and sellers can find counterparties for their trades.
Types of Stock Exchanges – National, Regional, and Global
Stock exchanges can be classified into three main categories: national, regional, and global.
National stock exchanges operate within a specific country and are regulated by the local financial authorities. Examples of national stock exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in the United States, the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) in Japan, and the London Stock Exchange (LSE) in the United Kingdom.
Regional stock exchanges focus on a specific geographical area or region. These exchanges cater to companies and investors within their designated territory. They may have lower trading volumes compared to national exchanges but offer opportunities for regional companies to access capital.
Examples of regional stock exchanges include the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India, and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) in Canada.
Global stock exchanges are renowned for their international reach and attract listings from companies worldwide. These exchanges provide a platform for cross-border trading and are often seen as global financial hubs.
The New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ in the United States, Euronext in Europe, and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in Asia are among the prominent global stock exchanges.
Must Read: Learning How to Trade Stocks: A Complete Beginner's Guide
Major Stock Exchanges Around the World
The world is home to a multitude of stock exchanges, each with its own unique characteristics. Let's explore some of the major stock exchanges around the world and their significance in the global financial landscape.
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE): As one of the oldest and largest stock exchanges globally, the NYSE is renowned for its rich history and influence on global markets. It is the primary exchange for trading stocks of major U.S. companies, including blue-chip companies like Apple, Coca-Cola, and ExxonMobil.
London Stock Exchange (LSE): Located in the heart of London's financial district, the LSE is one of the most prestigious stock exchanges globally. It is known for its diverse range of listings, including international companies and various investment instruments such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and bonds.
Note: Conventional bonds are not permissible for Muslims to invest in.
Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE): The TSE is the largest stock exchange in Japan and ranks among the top exchanges worldwide in terms of market capitalization. It serves as a vital platform for trading shares of leading Japanese corporations, representing key industries such as automotive, electronics, and finance.
Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE): As the primary stock exchange in China, the SSE plays a pivotal role in the world's second-largest economy. It has experienced rapid growth in recent years, attracting both domestic and international investors seeking exposure to the vast Chinese market.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE): Located in Mumbai, India, the BSE is one of the oldest stock exchanges in Asia. It serves as a key platform for trading stocks of Indian companies, including blue-chip companies like Tata Motors, Reliance Industries, and Infosys.
These are just a few examples of the major stock exchanges around the world, each contributing to the global financial ecosystem in its own unique way.
Read: Everything You Need to Know About How Stocks and Shares Work
Differences Between Stock Exchanges – Size, Regulations, and Listing Requirements
While stock exchanges share a common purpose of facilitating the buying and selling of shares, they can vary significantly in terms of size, regulations, and listing requirements. Understanding these differences is essential for investors looking to participate in specific markets.
- Size: Stock exchanges can differ immensely in terms of market capitalization and trading volumes. Larger exchanges like the NYSE and NASDAQ typically have higher market capitalization and trading volumes compared to smaller regional exchanges. The size of an exchange can impact liquidity and the availability of investment opportunities.
- Regulations: Stock exchanges are subject to regulations imposed by the respective financial authorities in their jurisdiction. These regulations aim to ensure fair trading practices, transparency, and investor protection. The level of regulation can vary between exchanges, with some having stricter oversight than others.
- Listing Requirements: Companies seeking to list on a stock exchange must meet specific criteria known as listing requirements. These requirements can include minimum market capitalization, financial performance thresholds, corporate governance standards, and more. Listing requirements can vary significantly between exchanges, with some being more stringent than others.
It is crucial for investors to understand the nuances of different exchanges to make informed decisions and evaluate the suitability of their investment strategies.
Emerging Stock Exchanges and Their Significance
In recent years, there has been a rise in emerging stock exchanges, particularly in developing economies. These exchanges play a vital role in attracting investment, fostering economic growth, and providing access to capital for local businesses. Let's explore the significance of emerging stock exchanges and their impact on the global financial landscape.
Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3): The B3 is the primary stock exchange in Brazil and represents the largest economy in Latin America. It has gained prominence due to the country's robust economic growth and the presence of multinational corporations.
The B3 provides a platform for local and international investors to access Brazilian companies and diversify their portfolios.
Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE): As one of the largest stock exchanges in Africa, the NSE serves as a critical avenue for raising capital in Nigeria. It plays a crucial role in stimulating economic growth, supporting local businesses, and attracting foreign investment to the region.
Dubai Financial Market (DFM): The DFM is the primary stock exchange in the United Arab Emirates and serves as a gateway to the Middle East. It has experienced significant growth in recent years, attracting listings from regional and international companies.
The DFM contributes to Dubai's status as a global financial center and a hub for investment in the Middle East.
These emerging stock exchanges provide unique opportunities for investors to tap into high-growth markets, diversify their portfolios, and participate in the development of economies with vast potential.
Also Learn About: How to Analyze Stocks: A Beginner's Guide
The Role of Technology in Stock Exchanges
Technology has played a transformative role in the evolution of stock exchanges, revolutionizing the way trades are executed, recorded, and settled. Let's delve into the impact of technology on stock exchanges and the advancements that have shaped the industry.
- Electronic Trading: The introduction of electronic trading systems has replaced traditional open outcry trading on trading floors. Electronic trading platforms enable investors to place orders electronically, facilitating faster and more efficient execution of trades. This shift has significantly increased trading volumes and enhanced market liquidity.
- High-Frequency Trading: High-frequency trading (HFT) is a trading strategy that utilizes powerful computers and algorithms to execute trades at incredibly high speeds. HFT has revolutionized trading, enabling market participants to capitalize on small price inefficiencies and generate profits. However, it has also raised concerns regarding market stability and fairness.
- Blockchain Technology: Blockchain technology, the underlying technology behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, has the potential to revolutionize stock exchanges. By leveraging blockchain's decentralized and immutable nature, stock exchanges can enhance transparency, streamline settlement processes, and reduce counterparty risk. Several initiatives exploring the application of blockchain in stock exchanges are underway.
Note: Due to differences of opinions on Shariah compliance of cryptocurrencies, we recommend you to do your own research and for more information please refer to the article below.
- Cryptocurrency: Haram or Halal? 2 Things You Should Know
- 3 Types of Cryptocurrency and Their Shariah Rulings
- What Is Bitcoin? Why Do You Think Bitcoin Is Haram?
Investing in Stock Exchanges – Benefits and Risks
Investing in stock exchanges can offer a range of benefits for individuals and institutional investors alike. However, it is crucial to be aware of the risks involved. Let's explore the advantages and potential pitfalls of investing in stock exchanges.
Benefits of Investing in Stock Exchanges:
- Diversification: Stock exchanges provide access to a wide range of companies across various sectors and countries. By investing in different stocks, investors can diversify their portfolios and reduce the risk associated with holding a single investment.
- Potential for Growth: Investing in stock exchanges can offer long-term growth potential, as companies listed on exchanges have the opportunity to expand their operations, increase profitability, and generate shareholder value.
- Income Generation: Many listed companies distribute dividends to shareholders, providing a source of regular income for investors. Dividends can be an attractive feature for income-focused investors.
Risks of Investing in Stock Exchanges:
- Market Volatility: Stock markets can be volatile, experiencing fluctuations in share prices due to various factors such as economic conditions, geopolitical events, and investor sentiment. Market volatility can result in significant gains or losses for investors.
- Liquidity Risk: While stock exchanges provide liquidity, there can be instances of illiquidity, particularly during periods of market stress. It is essential to consider the liquidity of stocks and the ability to buy or sell shares when investing in stock exchanges.
- Company-Specific Risks: Investing in individual stocks exposes investors to company-specific risks, such as poor financial performance, management issues, or industry-specific challenges. Conducting thorough research and analysis is crucial to mitigate these risks.
It is important to carefully evaluate the benefits and risks associated with investing in stock exchanges and align them with your investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon.
Bottom Line
Stock exchanges play a pivotal role in the global financial ecosystem, providing a platform for buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies. Understanding the different types of stock exchanges, their history, functionality, and the impact of technology is essential for investors seeking to navigate this complex landscape.
By comprehending the nuances and characteristics of various stock exchanges, investors can make informed decisions and capitalize on the opportunities presented by these dynamic marketplaces.
Whether you are a seasoned investor or a novice exploring the world of stock exchanges, this comprehensive guide aims to equip you with the knowledge needed to navigate the diverse and fascinating realm of stock exchanges with confidence.
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Robot Process Automation, or RPA for short, is a type of software that helps automate repetitive tasks that would normally be done by a human. By using RPA, businesses can reduce the need for manual labor and increase efficiency and productivity.
One of the primary benefits of RPA for small and mid-size businesses is cost savings. Automating tasks can reduce the need for labor, which can result in significant cost savings. In addition, RPA can improve accuracy and reduce the risk of errors, further improving efficiency and reducing costs.
RPA can also help small and mid-size businesses improve customer service. By automating tasks such as data entry and customer service inquiries, businesses can free up their employees to focus on more high-value tasks, such as building relationships with customers and finding new business opportunities.
Another benefit of RPA for small and mid-size businesses is the ability to scale quickly. As a business grows, it can be difficult to keep up with the increasing workload. By using RPA, businesses can easily scale their operations to meet the demands of their growing customer base.
Overall, RPA offers a number of benefits for small and mid-size businesses. It can help reduce costs, improve efficiency, enhance customer service, and enable businesses to scale quickly. If you are a small or mid-size business owner looking to improve your operations, consider implementing RPA to see how it can benefit your business. |
Every two days, a person in DuPage county overdoses. The opioid crisis and mental health challenges are deeply concerning issues that require a comprehensive approach. Addressing these issues begins with emphasizing personal responsibility and the role of family and community support networks in prevention and recovery. I advocate for targeted educational programs that inform individuals about the risks of opioid misuse and the importance of mental health. Government intervention is necessary but should be efficient and practical. This includes allocating resources to mental health services and addiction treatment programs, ensuring they are accessible and effective. I support a combination of medical treatment, counseling, and rehabilitation services, alongside law enforcement efforts to combat the illegal distribution of opioids. Let's fight this epidemic with education, empathy, and enforcement.
This is a deeply personal issue for me. My dear friend suffered for years with substance abuse (heroin). We were roommates during some of this season. And now, we serve together at Eternal Buzz Community - a nonprofit organization whose mission is to obliterate addiction and employ people in recovery. I've had the unique opportunity to befriend dozens of women over the last decade who are recovering from addiction.
In our region, where every two days an overdose darkens a dream, confronting the opioid crisis and mental health challenges is imperative. Our approach must weave personal responsibility with the strength of family and community support, providing a safety net for prevention and recovery.
I champion:
- Educational initiatives that illuminate the perils of opioid misuse and the value of mental health, coupled with efficient and practical government action.
- Accessible and effective mental health services
- Addiction treatment programs
- A robust law enforcement strategy to curtail the illegal opioid supply
- Informed education, heartfelt empathy, and rigorous enforcement.
Our collective aim is clear: to protect and revive the dreams of our community members, ensuring a future where hope is restored and potential fulfilled. Let's stand united in this crucial fight, crafting a community where dreams are not only pursued but fiercely protected.
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Is London cheaper than New York?
Consumer Prices in London are 16.52% lower than in New York, NY (without rent) Rent Prices in London are 30.45% lower than in New York, NY. Restaurant Prices in London are 13.79% lower than in New York, NY. Groceries Prices in London are 37.92% lower than in New York, NY.
Also, What is the most expensive country in the world?
Where are the most expensive countries to live and work in around the world?
- Switzerland. Unsurprisingly, Switzerland is one of the most expensive countries to live in. …
- Norway. Our next European country, Norway, is regular on any list of the most expensive countries in the world. …
- Singapore. …
- Japan. …
- Luxembourg.
Which US city is most like London?
ultured, artistic and packed with heritage, Boston is geographically the closest US city to London, where Brits can feel completely at home.
Is LA or London more expensive to live?
The average cost of living in Los Angeles is comparable to London. British expatriates may even find it a little cheaper than the UK capital. However, it is still among the more expensive places in the world to live. … Rental prices are fairly similar, but groceries are quite a bit higher in Los Angeles.
Is London bigger than Los Angeles?
London (UK) is 1.21 times as big as Los Angeles (US)
Is UK more expensive than us?
United Kingdom is 16.5% more expensive than United States.
What country has the best cost of living?
Cost of Living Index by Country 2021 Mid-Year
Rank | Country | Cost of Living Index |
1 | Bermuda | 147.51 |
2 | Switzerland | 125.02 |
3 | Norway | 103.56 |
4 | Iceland | 99.67 |
What is the best and cheapest country to live in?
10 best and cheapest countries to live in
- Vietnam.
- Costa Rica.
- Bulgaria.
- Mexico.
- South Africa.
- China.
- South Korea.
- Thailand.
Where do most British live in America?
It's no surprise that New York City is home to the most amount of Brits. However, Portsmouth, is where you are most likely to run into one. Among all the places where Brits reside, the independent city of Portsmouth, Virginia has the highest concentration of British expats relative to the city's population.
How many British live in the USA?
Those who do claim British ancestry form a sub-set of those who could claim British ancestry; the British diaspora includes about 200 million people worldwide.
British diaspora.
Total population | |
United States | 34,275,567 (10.7% of population) |
Spain | 297,229 (2014) |
Languages |
What is the most British state in America?
English Americans, or Anglo-Americans are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. In the 2019 American Community Survey, 23.59 million self-identified as being of English origin.
State | California |
Number | (3,521,355 – 7.4% of state population) |
No. | 1 |
State | Utah |
Percent | 29.0 |
Is London cheaper than California?
Cost of living in London (United Kingdom) is 16% more expensive than in Los Angeles, California (United States)
Is New York colder than London?
Based on your climate statistics, New York is only 5 degrees (F) colder than London in winter. It's certainly warmer in summer, though.
Is London cheaper than San Francisco?
Do you live in San Francisco, CA? Tell us some prices in San Francisco.
Cost of Living Comparison Between London and San Francisco, CA.
City | Cost of Living Index |
San Francisco, CA | 94.12 |
London | 86.26 |
New York, NY | 100 |
Prague | 49.37 |
Is New York bigger than London?
As for size, however, the Greater London Area covers around 607 square miles, which is about twice as big as NYC's 302.6 square mile area. Despite the obvious size difference, both cities feel about as busy as each other and have a similar buzz about them.
Which is better London or NYC?
Last year, the Independent reported that the Economist Intelligence Unit's 2014 Worldwide Cost of Living survey ranked London the 15th most expensive city in the world to live in; NYC on the other hand, was ranked 26th. New York City wins because it's the less expensive city for both inhabitants and tourists.
Is Paris bigger than LA?
Los Angeles (US) is 12 times as big as Paris (France)
What is the most hated city in England?
Survey results
Rank | 2003 | 2013 |
1 | Hull | London |
2 | Cumbernauld | Bradford |
3 | Morecambe | Chipping Norton |
4 | Hythe | Southampton |
Is UK better than USA?
You never know, if coming to UK, will get you another degree at much cheaper cost. You get a chance to enjoy the British life and culture. It's better than anything else and you know it. You wouldn't trade it off ever.
Length and Types.
PG: 2 Years | PG: 1 Year |
Ph.D.: 5-7 Years | PhD: 3 Years |
Is UK education cheaper than us?
Studying in the UK is generally cheaper than studying at equally ranked universities in the United States. … Tuition fees for UK undergraduate and graduate degrees generally range from $17,000 – $25,000 per academic year (depending on the exchange rate at the time of study).
Where can I live for $500 a month?
5 Places to Retire for Under $500 per Month
- Leon, Nicaragua. …
- Medellin, Colombia. …
- Las Tablas, Panama. …
- Chiang Mai, Thailand. …
- Languedoc-Roussillon, France. …
- Kathleen Peddicord is the founder of the Live and Invest Overseas publishing group.
Where is the nicest place to live in the UK?
In London, Teddington, nestled in the Royal Borough of Richmond, was deemed to be the best place to live in the capital, while Altrincham retained its place at the top of the North West section after being named overall winner in 2020.
Why are houses in UK so expensive?
The consequence of this growing demand compared to limited growth in supply, is that there is strong economic pressure on house prices. UK Housing market has often seen demand increase at a faster rate than supply, causing price to rise. … This excess housing stock dragged down prices. |
This meme uses wordplay; from the picture we can see that there are two train drivers, and if we miss from the picture that they are train drivers, in the text it says, 'How many derailments have you had?' A derailment is when a train leaves its tracks, so we know that they are train drivers.
There are several expressions using the word 'track' that provide useful background. The expression 'to be on track' means that everything is going according to plan, things are on schedule, things are going in the right direction etc. For example, "Everything is on track to be finished on Friday as planned."
One might then logically assume that if something is not 'on track' then things aren't going to plan, and indeed this is the case. For example, "Boss, we've had some complications and unfortunately we're no longer on track to be finished on Friday as planned."
Interestingly train tracks are also known as rails, which is where the word 'railway' comes from. From this we also get the expression 'Off the rails/To go off the rails' which means out of control. For example, "The vicars eldest daughter has seriously gone off the rails". But that will be the subject for different meme!
There is also the expression, 'to lose track of something' which means to not be aware of what's going on in a certain situation anymore. For example, "Who is leading the championship at the moment? I've been so busy that I've lost track".
The logical opposite of 'to lose track of something' is 'to keep track of something' which means to be aware of what's happening in a certain situation and keeping a record of it. For example, "A good way of keeping track of household expenses is to use a spreadsheet."
The key to understanding this meme however is the use of the word 'keep', which means to maintain or continue doing something, when not read as part of the expression.
When the driver says 'It's hard to keep track' he means that it's hard to remember how many times his train has left the tracks, but it also reads as, 'it's hard to maintain the train on the tracks/rails'.
Well that was a very long explanation of a meme! We hope you've learned something new. |
Hanford Western knows Indigenous American Awareness Times
Hanford Western knows Indigenous American Awareness Times 'It's important to see and you may train all of our records and you will culture thus which does not disappear' Texts Performers on the Santa Rosa Rancheria manage a relationship moving Saturday in the Hanford Western, in which they anticipate the audience to participate them. 'It's crucial
'It's important to see and you may train all of our records and you will culture thus which does not disappear'
- Texts
Performers on the Santa Rosa Rancheria manage a relationship moving Saturday in the Hanford Western, in which they anticipate the audience to participate them.
'It's crucial that you discover and you may teach all of our history and you will community so that it will not disappear'
- Gary Feinstein, Contributor
'It's important to discover and you may illustrate all of our records and culture so which does not disappear'
- Gary Feinstein, Contributor
Kenny Barrios, Social Liaison on the Tachi tribe, discusses the brand new culture of Native individuals staying in Lemoore about later 1890s when you look at the experiences for the Monday.
'It's crucial that you know and you can instruct the record and you will community therefore which doesn't disappear'
- Gary Feinstein, Contributor
Hanford West students and you may faculty gather to possess a lunchtime knowledge centering on the history and you will community of your Tachi Indian tribe inside Lemoore to your Saturday mid-day.
'It's crucial that you see and you may teach the history and you may community thus this cannot disappear'
- Gary Feinstein, Factor
'It's important to discover and instruct our history and you will people very which does not disappear'
- Sms
- Print Content article link
Hanford West High school provided an enjoyable and you will informative sense to possess college students throughout the dinner into the Tuesday because they recognized erican Feel Month.
College Librarian Homosexual Machado told you the library participates in the Advice to own Education system, encouraging youngsters locate instructions on library you to communicate with her social variety.
"Each month, we try to keep track all of the different celebrations and you can getaways by the putting up bulletin chat rooms and you may publication collections having visitors observe," told you Machado's other librarian, Elena Reyes. "I observed there are festivals we were destroyed."
Machado questioned to create people on regional Tachi-Yokut tribe in Lemoore on college or university to fairly share their culture and you will records; she told you Dominant Katie Culver accepted it.
Kenny Barrios, of your Tachi-Yokut Cultural Culture Classification, and some tribal members and specific Hanford West youngsters, offered a speech regarding their background and you can community.
"I are from Tulare lake," Barrios lesbian dating apps told you, beginning their demonstration. "New Tachi-Yokuts was indeed a few of the very first someone living in California."
Element of Barrios' speech delved on Tachi tribe's communication that have its ancestral homeland to Tulare Lake, that has been the greatest lake to the west of the newest Mississippi Lake.
"I made use of acorns for our chief dining resource," Barrios said. "But we also replaced for the sodium lawn compiled throughout Tulare River."
Depending on the certified site, the various Yokut people had been seed gatherers who as well as hunted deer, rabbits or other short animals and wild birds native to the area.
Barrios revealed the ways his someone accustomed have a look deer, which have pictures off his grandfather showing the traditional habit of dressing since the a beneficial deer to locate close to victim.
Barrios told me his citizens were taken off this new residential property due to good combination of moving and genocide therefore colonizing producers may use the brand new lake to have pick irrigation.
The state of California first started an extermination promotion of the Tachi-Yokuts inside the 1853, giving bounties to own scalps, the guy said. Brand new bounties enhanced off $0.twenty five so you can $5 anywhere between 1856 and you can 1860.
The final killing occurred during the 1907, four years pursuing the federal government lso are-inside by themselves from inside the Local points, nevertheless the tribe confronted over 50 years regarding extermination.
The fresh new relocated Tachi was moved to this new mountains nearby Coalinga up until oils is found, at which part the us government gone him or her on to its newest booking that has been mainly alkali ground, stopping them from safely increasing crops.
Barrios said it once was illegal having members of their tribe to rehearse the way of living, specifically males putting on hair long and you will antique dances. He told you the fresh dances – often called "ghost dances" – had been misunderstood to be used for summoning the newest lifeless back once again to lifetime.
Barrios and his awesome fellow tribal professionals did three conventional tunes Tuesday regarding Penutian (Tachi) vocabulary away from their someone; two of the tunes have been followed closely by a beneficial deer dancing and you will a relationship dance.
Barrios is the most a number of their tribe common which have talking the fresh new Tachi code; there have been simply an estimated 29 native speakers of your code when you look at the 1988.
'It's important to learn and instruct our records and you can people thus that it doesn't disappear'
- Text messages
- Print Duplicate blog post hook |
By 1975, the population was 2-3 million, the bulk of whom were refugees from the preventing. The population growth charge of town is 3.92%. The city space has grown fourfold since 1979, and the metro area will continue to broaden with the intention to support the city's rising population and financial system. With their loans, entrepreneurs can purchase the items they need to help their companies until they're self-adequate. There may be some jobs which are too massive or complicated for one individual, however when you are brainstorming goals in your landscaping mission, think about what you can do alone and while you would possibly need to name in the professionals. Often the house owners have to sell quick. The municipality is on the banks of the Tonlé Sap, Mekong, and Bassac Rivers. This loosely interprets as "The place of four rivers that provides the happiness and success of Khmer Kingdom, the best leader in addition to impregnable city of the God Indra of the nice kingdom". Phnom Penh first grew to become the capital of Cambodia after Ponhea Yat, king of the Khmer Empire, moved the capital from Angkor Thom after it was captured and destroyed by Siam a few years earlier. There is a stupa behind Wat Phnom that homes the stays of Ponhea Yat and the royal household as properly because the remaining Buddhist statues from the Angkorean period.
In the 17th century, Japanese immigrants also settled on the outskirts of current-day Phnom Penh. Dangkao, Meanchey, Porsenchey, חדרים לפי שעה בחיפה Sen Sok and Russey Keo are considered the outskirts of the city. The former highschool is now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum, where Khmer Rouge torture devices and pictures of their victims are displayed. The southwest monsoon blows inland https://roommx.com/ bringing moisture-laden winds from the Gulf of Thailand and Indian Ocean from Could Could to November, sees high temperatures accompanied by high humidity. Not surprisingly, that is high season and you will rely on Thai trip resorts to be significantly busy. The dry season lasts from December to April; when overnight temperatures can drop to 22 °C (seventy two °F). Although Phnom Penh is at 11.89 metres (39 ft) above the river, monsoon season flooding is an issue, https://roommx.com/ and the river typically overflows its banks. The invention was taken as a divine blessing, and to some an indication that the Khmer capital was to be brought to Phnom Penh from Angkor. Phnom Penh has a tropical wet and dry local weather (Köppen climate classification Aw).
The Greater Phnom Penh area contains the close by Ta Khmau city and some districts of Kandal province. Establishments of higher studying included the Royal College of Phnom Penh (established in 1960 as Royal Khmer College), with faculties of engineering, wonderful arts, מלונות בצפון – roommx.com – know-how, and agricultural sciences, the latter at Chamkar Daung, a suburb. Phnom Penh remained the royal capital for seventy three years, from 1432 to 1505. It was abandoned for 360 years (from 1505 to 1865) by subsequent kings resulting from inside fighting between the royal pretenders. Georgetown Visitation Preparatory College has remained hooked up to the university campus, and while independently run, the 2 often share services. Catastrophe soon adopted as Jack Robinson scored the primary of two United personal goals after misreading Carlton Morris's cross. Beneath the governor is the primary vice governor and 5 vice governors. In 1872, the first glimpse of a trendy metropolis took form when the colonial administration employed the companies of French contractor Le Faucheur to construct the first 300 concrete homes for sale and rental to Chinese language traders. The sort of unit homes lower densities. Penh ordered villagers to lift the top of the hill northeast of her house and used the Koki wood to build a temple on the hill to house the four Buddha statues, and a shrine for the Vishnu image barely decrease down.
In addition, there are remnants of other historic village infrastructure, irrigation system, inscription, Shiva linga as well as an ancient brick temple basis and its ornate remains which dated back to Funan era. Funan Kingdom, an historic kingdom that existed from 1st to 7th century Advert in Southeast Asia and the forerunner of the current Cambodian monarchy. By the 1920s, Phnom Penh was identified as the "Pearl of Asia", and over the following four decades, Phnom Penh continued to expertise speedy progress with the building of railways to Sihanoukville and Pochentong International Airport (now Phnom Penh International Airport). Camels are saved mainly by nomads particularly on the continents of Africa and Asia. In case you are in search of a family dwelling to let out, then decide one in a suburb, within the neighborhood of good faculties. Other estates held by the household had been those of Migianella and Montone, to which were added those of San Lazzaro di Fratta and Belforte di Norcia within the 18th century, loved by the family as a commandery of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. |
Human Resource Management is more than what meets the eye. There are several functions this department consists of which help the organization to move forward and achieve success. Here is a list of the 10 major functions of Human Resource Management (HRM):
● Selection and Recruitment
● Career Planning
● Human Resource Planning
● Growth and Development
● Job Analysis and Design
● Training Management
● Performance Management
● Social Development
● Rewarding Employees
● Participation and Communication
1. Selection and Appointment
The main function of HR is to attract people for recruitment and then select the candidates who apply. With the right advertising and social media strategies, you can get skilled and qualified candidates who are right for the said job profile.
Having a good brand and company image is important as a strong employer brand and selecting the best and highly qualified candidates is only making the entire process of recruitment and selection easier.
These are the basic recruiting tools that an HR manager needs to be familiar with.
2. Career planning
After the main process of recruiting and selecting the best and highly skilled candidates, it is essential for human resource management (HRM) to support career planning, guidance and professional development for employees. It helps them to choose the right career path and give all their efforts and hard work in the path they want.
It gives employees visibility into the future and helps them stay engaged and productive, which in turn gives a strong employer brand and company success.
3. Human Resource Planning
Human resource planning is about making sound decisions in the improvement and development of human resources and at the same time contributing to achieve high efficiency in the internal and external markets of the organization.
Such planning helps the HR department reveal the strengths and weaknesses of employees and thereby, contributes to improving strategies and procedures while dealing with employees.
Human resource planning is planning of future goals, how to achieve them and helps to be significantly more successful in the future.
4. Growth and Development
Human resource management is not limited to selecting and recruiting candidates, but also involves enabling employees to develop certain skills they will need in the future.
It relates to human resource planning as human resource management helps its employees learn new skills and grow in their careers to bridge the gap between the current workforce and the workforce required in the future.
Growth and Development is an essential function of HR as employees need to grow professionally so that they can contribute to the development of the company.
5. Job analysis and design
Job analysis and design is something you don't often hear about in the field of human resources. Simply put, job analysis is defining job characteristics by collecting job profiles and data. It is all summed up and includes tasks, abilities and everything else that is included in the job.
Specific goals are defined according to different organizations and these goals and tasks are the basic conditions that should be fulfilled by the employees.
6. Training Management
It is the simple management and examination of selected candidates for the job. Developing and testing the performance and skills of human resource candidates so that they can perform effectively on the job.
Training management is an essential process as it gives an accurate idea about the job profile of the employees and how exactly it should be done to avoid any confusion or slow down their job progress at different stages of their career.
7. Performance management
As an HR manager, it is important to keep a tab on the progress of employees and measure their performance as individuals and whether they are achieving the company's required goals.
This type of appraisal focuses on the growth and development of employees and their achievements. It also indicates the appropriateness of the programs and policies adopted by the organization to increase employee productivity and output.
Apart from all this, it also reflects the legal, social and ethical image of the organization.
8. Social development
Human resource management has an important function of being collaborative with other departments of the organization to improve the modern and strategic aspects of human resources.
Social development allows HR to learn and improve hiring standards from traditional methods to modern methods.
Modern methods and practices include continuous learning, development of social conditions, communication between employees, information from other departments, and other such factors that affect HR socially and economically.
9. Awarded employees
Reward is a very important part of human resource management. From compensation to benefits to increments, these are some important rewards that are hard to miss as they help improve employee satisfaction which in turn helps build a strong employee brand for the company.
In some countries, healthcare insurance is also offered as part of the job offer. Such awards show growth in employees' careers, recognition and a satisfactory work-life balance.
10. Participation and Communication
Human resource needs to ensure that employees show active participation when it comes to working and getting various opportunities as this can help them grow and develop their career path. Not only the employees but also the company benefits from it as active participation also contributes to the success of the organization.
Communication between employees and their superiors is also essential as it helps to break any confusion and helps in smooth management of various departments. |
Polmadie Shed: Royal Scot 46104 Scottish Borderer runs past Polmadie shed on 14 May 1960 at the head of a Liverpool / Manchester - Glasgow Central train.
Polmadie Shed: Royal Scot 46102 Black Watch photographed in the shed yard at Polmadie on 14 May 1960.
Polmadie Shed: Locomotives stored in the shed yard at Polmadie in the spring of 1960 include 'Jumbo' 0-6-0 57418, followed by 0-4-4Ts 55237 and 55223.
Norwich Thorpe Shed: Holden J17 0-6-0 no 65567 on Norwich Thorpe shed in May 1961, the year before its withdrawal.
Cambridge Shed: Part of the shed yard at 31A Cambridge in May 1961. The three locomotives in the centre are (left to right) Britannia 70007 Coeur-de-Lion, a visitor from Norwich; B1 61286, of Stratford shed and home based B1 61287. Cambridge shed officially closed in June 1962. See image [[34801]]
Cambridge Shed: Inside Cambridge shed (31A) in May 1961, with J15 0-6-0 no 65478 in the centre of the locomotive lineup.
Carlisle Kingmoor Shed: Black 5 no 44767 on Kingmoor shed in 1966, with the 'in transit' 26501 standing beyond (see [[30700]]). The 5 was officially withdrawn from here on the last day of 1967.
Carlisle Kingmoor Shed: A long way from the quayside! Gresley ES1 electric locomotive no 26501 stands on Kingmoor shed minus collector shoes and pantograph (not that they'd have been much use here) in May 1966. Both class ES1 locomotives (the other being 26500) were withdrawn from Newcastle's quayside branch in early 1964 following which they were taken to Hellifield, where the old shed was being used by the NRM to assess, store and refurbish potential preservation material. The photograph is thought to show a 'rejected' 26501 on its way back to the north east from Hellifield. She was eventually cut up by W Willoughby at Choppington, Northumberland, a short time later. On a happier note, no 26500 was later restored and refurbished and is currently a star exhibit at the NRM Shildon. (See [[31971]]).
Ferryhill Junction: Southbound Freightliner approaching Ferryhill Junction on its way south behind a class 26 on 14 May 1975.
Ferryhill MPD: 26033 comes off shed at Ferryhill on 14 May 1975 and heads for Aberdeen station.
Ferryhill MPD: 26033 comes off Ferryhill shed and heads towards the joint station on 14 May 1975. The signal controlled the exit from the shed area and the junction for the Deeside line was a short distance to the right of the photo.
Ferryhill MPD: Class 40 leaving Ferryhill MPD on 14 May 1975 on its way to Aberdeen station to take a train south.
Ferryhill MPD: A Class 47 comes off shed at Aberdeen Ferryhill on 14 May 1975 and heads towards Aberdeen station.
Foxlow Junction: Peak 45066 (ex D114) brings a partially fitted inter-regional freight, probably bound for Tinsley Yard, past Foxlow Junction near Barrow Hill in May 1977. Although only a freight line, there were up and down loops between Foxlow Junction and Renishaw Park Goods Junction.
Queensferry Junction: The closed signal box at Ratho Junction on 14 May 1978.
Winchburgh Junction: Scene at Winchburgh Junction on 14 May 1978, with 27 204 leading a diverted E&G service past the signal box. The main line was being resignalled (closed with a possession) between Saughton and Winchburgh and trains were being diverted via a reversal at Dalmeny.
Bathgate Junction: The closed signal box at what was then Bathgate Junction (now Newbridge) on 14 May 1978.
Louvain: 29 013 at Louvain Station on 14 May 1978 waiting to depart for a round trip to Ypres via a few country branch lines. I am told this was the last operational steam locomotive on the Belgian Railways (SNCB), kept in working order for specials.
Haymarket East Junction: Edinburgh - Glasgow push-pull service in its ultimate form. A modified class 47 pushes a Glasgow train away from the Haymarket stop past Haymarket east junction in May 1981.
Haymarket East Junction: A class 47 takes its train south towards Carstairs through Haymarket east junction in May 1981 prior to the redevelopment of the surrounding area.
Haymarket East Junction: 47712 'Lady Diana Spencer' slows a Glasgow - Edinburgh push-pull service on the approach to Haymarket station on 14 May 1981. On the right are terratorial boundary markings applied by the notorious 'Black Hand Gang'.
Kaimes: 47114 draws away from Kaimes Siding with empty containers for Powderhall on 14 May 1990. Curiously, after diversion of the trains to Oxwellmains, the connection to the main line was removed, then re-instated. See image [[29822]]
Carstairs: A Glasgow Central - Edinburgh Waverley - London Kings Cross BR InterCity service runs south through platform 2 at Carstairs on 14 May 1992 before turning north onto the Edinburgh line at Carstairs East Junction.
Polwica: Between Snieciska and Polwica, the Sroda to Zaniemysl narrow gauge line ran alongside a quiet country road on which Px48-1726 on the 06:07 departure from Sroda Miasto is overhauling a cyclist. Or perhaps it was the other way round - certainly I had no problem chasing these trains by bicycle!
Zaniemysl: While PKP 750mm gauge 0-8-0 No. Px48-1726 appears to be leaving Zaniemysl in May 1994 with an evening train to Sroda. In reality it was making a false start for the benefit of the cameras of a coach load of French tourists which happened to be passing along the road alongside the station yard. Shortly afterwards it will depart for real as the 18:20 working to Sroda Miasto.
Portobello Junction: A BR InterCity liveried Edinburgh Waverley - London Kings Cross service runs south through Portobello Junction in May 1996.
Portobello East Junction: A class 305 EMU brings a North Berwick - Edinburgh service west through Portobello in May 1996. Built at Doncaster in 1960, a batch of 5 of these units (previously employed on services operating out of Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street) was assigned to the newly electrified North Berwick branch in 1991. The last of the batch was withdrawn in January 2002 after class 322s had taken over operations. Note the 'Overhead Line Maintenance Train' on the left - a resident here for many years see image [[65917]].
Portobello Junction: A BR Edinburgh - London InterCity service east of Craigentinny depot in May 1996. To the right the South Leith branch meets the ECML at Portobello East Junction.
Aviemore: A morning train for Boat of Garten prepares to leave Aviemore on 14 May 2002. The 'Scotland for Steam' headboard being carried by Ivatt 2MT 2-6-0 no 46512 was part of the build-up to the official opening of the Strathspey Railway's extension to Broomhill, scheduled to take place at the end of that month.
Boat of Garten: Platform scene at Boat of Garten in May 2002. Ivatt 2-6-0 46512 is waiting to depart with a train for Aviemore, while BRCW Type 2 D5325 stands over on the right see image [[5540]].
Aviemore: A train for Boat of Garten preparing to leave Aviemore on 14 May 2002. The SRS Aviemore Speyside station stands in the right background. Ivatt 2MT 2-6-0 no 46512 is at the head of the train.
Boat of Garten: Looking north towards the buffer stops on the east side of Boat of Garten station in May 2002. Stabled in the siding is Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST no. 2 Balmenach (AB2020/1936). The locomotive was formerly based at Balmenach Distillery, near Cromdale.
Boat of Garten: Platform view south at Boat of Garten on 14 May 2002. Ivatt 2MT 2-6-0 no 46512 is awaiting its departure time with a Strathspey Railway service to Aviemore.
Boat of Garten: Ivatt 2MT 2-6-0 46512 prepares to leave Boat of Garten in May 2002 with a train for Aviemore.
High Marnham Power Station: 66069 heads away from High Marnham Power Station with the 1415hrs empty wagons for Worksop on 14th May 2002. The trackwork has been rationalised here. At one time there were far more sidings. This power station has since been shut and demolished.
Boat of Garten: Andrew Barclay 0-4-0ST no. 2 Balmenach (2020/1936) at Boat of Garten on the Strathspey Railway in May 2002. View is south along the island platform with the main station over to the right. [Ref query 3361]
High Marnham Power Station: 66018 arrives at High Marnham, with coal from Clipstone mine, in 2002. Part of this railway from from Thoresby Junction through Ollerton is now a Network Rail test track with Tuxford being the centre of operations.
Edinburgh Park: An Edinburgh - Glasgow Queen Street train passing through Edinburgh Park in May 2004.
Edinburgh Park: A westbound Edinburgh - Glasgow ScotRail shuttle service passing through Edinburgh Park station in May 2004, with Edinburgh Castle and Arthurs Seat on the horizon.
Haymarket: Platforms 3 and 4 at Haymarket station on a bright and sunny May morning in 2004. A Glasgow shuttle has just made its first stop after leaving Waverley, while a 158 is about to disappear into Haymarket Tunnel with a Bathgate - Newcraighall service.
Edinburgh Waverley: Space - the final frontier. The sizeable gap that will be created by the demolition of New Street bus depot and earmarked for the next phase of the Waverley Valley development. The building in the centre is the new Edinburgh Council HQ. May 2006.
Edinburgh Waverley: Hmmphhh!!! Sunday morning guard duty! With the Waverley Steps entrance to the station closed off, a temporary entrance to Waverley has been opened up through Princes Mall. View from Princes Street on 14 May 2006. See image [[9657]]
Haymarket MPD: Expansion at Haymarket Depot - looking west on 14 May 2006
Forth Bridge: Like painting the Forth Bridge.... <I>'A job that is never finished because by the time you get to the end it's time to start over again.'</I> (Cambridge Dictionary of Idioms)<br><br>The photograph shows the heavily scaffolded south span of the bridge on a May evening in 2006, partway through the 10 year project aimed at making the old cliche redundant.<br><br> On 9 December 2011 BBC News reported : <I>'The painting of the Forth Bridge has finally been completed and the structure is now scaffold-free for the first time in a decade. It will not need another paint job for 25 years. New techniques and products are behind the project's success. A 400-strong team applied a triple layer of new glass flake epoxy paint which creates a chemical bond to provide a virtually impenetrable layer to protect the bridge's steel work from the weather'.</I>
Ladybank: The Paps o Fife (Lomond Hills)are seen behind this northbound 170 approaching Ladybank.
Freuchie: Inverness to Edinburgh express (170 + 158) between Kingskettle and Falkland Road.
Kingskettle: A class 170 rounds the long bend through Kingskettle, heading for Ladybank.
Glen Ogle Viaduct: View west across Glen Ogle on 14 May 2008, showing the viaduct that carried the Callander & Oban on the climb north to Killin Junction.
Poulton-le-Fylde: The relaid but disused Fleetwood line junction and Poulton No. 3 cabin viewed from the Preston bound platform under the booking hall, which is at street level.
Balquhidder [2nd]: Standing at the top of the entrance stairway at Balquhidder in 2008 looking south west across the A84. Following closure to all rail traffic in 1965 the station site had been converted for use as a caravan / holiday park.
Cart Junction: Looking east towards Elderslie West Junction on 14th May. This is the remains of embankment that ran down the hill from Elderslie West Junction to Cart Junction. To the left is the WH Malcolm Logistics depot in Linwood
Poulton-le-Fylde: Scottish trains on the Fylde. Like every train from Blackpool on 14th May 2008, 156468 on this Buxton service was packed with Rangers fans heading for Manchester. Some services did not make their scheduled stop here because they were so full. The long platform at Poulton continues beyond the bridge in the distance and the former through line trackbed is now the car park.
Glenoglehead Crossing: Heading north along the C&O approaching the remains of Glenoglehead Crossing on 14 May 2008. This station was opened in 1870 as Killin, despite being a considerable distance from the village (or anywhere else for that matter), but was renamed Glenoglehead in 1886 when the direct route from Killin Junction was opened. The station was officially closed in December 1916, although it had ceased to be used for regular scheduled services as long ago as September 1891 at which point the suffix Crossing had been appended.
Invergowrie: The 1351 Dundee to Glasgow Turbostar about to pass through Invergowrie. In the background are the high flats and hospital at Ninewells.
Glenoglehead Crossing: The lichen covered former railway bridge at Glenoglehead seen from the south east in May 2008. For the view in the opposite direction see image [[63944]].
Glenoglehead Crossing: Looking west about a mile west of Glenoglehead on 14 May 2008, with logging activity taking place in the surrounding area and this site being used as a central collection point. The location is close to the westernrn distant signal for Glenoglehead on the unrelenting climb from Luib eastwards to Glenoglehead.
Balquhidder [2nd]: The old passenger subway at Balquhidder on 14 May seen through a gap in the metal gate see image [[19209]]. The subway is now blocked part way through with the accessible section in use as a store by the local holiday park. Balquhidder station was closed in September 1965, some 6 weeks before scheduled closure, following a landslide in Glenogle.
Balquhidder [2nd]: Stairway on the west side of Balquhidder station alongside the A84 looking south towards Callander in May 2008. The former passenger subway can be seen on the left at the base of the steps. Originally opened by the C&O as Lochearnhead in 1870, it was renamed on the opening of the Comrie, St Fillans & Lochearnhead station in 1904. The station was subsequently relocated slightly further south to its current position the following year in order to accomodate the junction with the new line.
Balquhidder [2nd]: The imposing frontage and entrance to Balquhidder station alongside the A84 looking north on 14 May 2008, showing the gated entrance to the former passenger subway. The site of the platforms is now occupied by a holiday/caravan park.
Glen Ogle Viaduct: Remains of the C&O viaduct in Glen Ogle. Wide view looking west from alongside the A85 in 2008. The structure stood roughly midway between Glenoglehead Crossing to the north [[31666]] and Balquhidder to the south [[16394]]. The line was closed in 1965 following a rock fall.
Glenoglehead Crossing: The road south on the Callander and Oban Railway through Glenoglehead Crossing in the spring of 2008. View is towards Glen Ogle itself and the site of the rock fall that led to the premature closure of the route 2 miles south of here in September 1965.
Glenoglehead Crossing: Looking east along the trackbed of the Callander & Oban Railway in the spring of 2008 at the site of the north/west Glenoglehead distant signal. The location is about half a mile from Glenoglehead with the remains of a fogman's hut still standing by the base of the former signal. The route continues ahead towards the site of the original (1870) Killin station (renamed Glenoglehead from 1886). See image [[5500]] [Ref query 7 May 2018]
Cart Junction: Looking east towards Elderslie West Junction on 14th May. This is the remains of embankment that ran down the hill from Elderslie West Junction to Cart Junction. To the right is the cycle path the runs in places parallel to and in places along the trackbed from Elderslie to Greenock
Glenoglehead Crossing: Close-up showing a derelict fogman's hut standing alongside the Callander & Oban trackbed to the west of Glenoglehead see image [[63944]]. Photographed in the spring of 2008, approximately 43 years after closure of the line.
Elderslie: 334014 passing the WH Malcolm freight yard as it heads east through the site of Elderslie station on 14th May 2008.
Glenoglehead Crossing: Looking south towards Balquhidder Junction through the abandoned platforms of the former station at Glenoglehead on the Callander & Oban Railway in May 2008. Originally named Killin (despite being some 3 miles distant) it was renamed Glenoglehead after the opening of the direct link from Killin Junction to Killin and Loch Tay in 1886. The suffix 'Crossing' was added 5 years later following the withdrawal of the last scheduled passenger services. Glenoglehead Crossing was officially closed at the end of 1916. For the view north see [[19052]].
See query 2290
Cart Junction: Looking west towards Cart Junction on 14th May. This is the remains of embankment that ran down the hill from Elderslie West Junction to Cart Junction. To the right is the fence of the WH Malcolm Logistics depot in Linwood
Glenoglehead Crossing: Remains in the undergrowth alongside the trackbed at the north end of Glenoglehead Crossing in May 2008 include the base of the former down starter. The signal itself can be seen as it was shortly before removal 42 years earlier in the background of image [[31542]].
Poulton-le-Fylde: View along the Blackpool platform with No. 3 box visible under the bridge. Poulton is in excellent condition and it was 1 o clock. The former through line passed under the left hand arch. The bracket semaphore controls the junction with the disused Burn Naze and Fleetwood line
Poulton-le-Fylde: 158758 passes Poulton No. 3 Box over the recently renewed junction with the disused line to Burn Naze and Fleetwood. This is the subject of preservation efforts - see www.pwrs.org. The train is a York to Blackpool North service.
Rhu: 45231 and 62005 steam downhill to Faslane Junction on 14 May with spotless emcars for The Jacobite at Fort William. The train's arrival was preceded by several minutes audio of the climb up to Rhu, courtesy of the east wind.
Craigenhill Summit: 45231 + 62005 passing Fullwood, between Lanark Junction and Carluke, on 14 May 2009 en route from Carnforth to Fort William with the empty stock of The Jacobite.
Spiez: The signal is green ready for the departure from Spiez of the 15.23 ICE to Frankfurt. Within seconds the train was away, with the aid of some nifty footwork, with the photographer on board!
Sargans: A double headed car train takes the line south towards Chur.
Shettleston: The station name board at Shettleston on 14 May 2010, showing the Gaelic name now added as part of the new ScotRail branding.
Carntyne: New ScotRail branding seen at Carntyne station on 14 May 2010, with the station name in Gaelic now added.
Princes Street [Tram]: An eastbound Lothian no 12 bus passes the Edinburgh tram currently on static display on Princes Street on 14 May 2010.
Lutterworth: Old telegraph insulators steadfastly refusing to biodegrade, just South of Lutterworth.
Healey Mills Marshalling Yard: A Freightliner class 66 with a loaded coal train, possibly heading to Fiddlers Ferry Power Station near Widnes, is held at signals at Healey Mills on 14 May 2010. The train is waiting to proceed west along the perimeter of the marshalling yard passing the area once occupied by the east end reception sidings.
Healey Mills Marshalling Yard: A Freightliner class 66, possibly heading to Fiddlers Ferry Power Station near Widnes, waits at signals by a barren section of Healey Mills yard with loaded coal wagons on 14 May 2010. This was formerly the east end reception sidings. Healey Mills TMD is located off picture to the right.
Healey Mills Marshalling Yard: Part of the desolation that was once the bustling Healey Mills Yard. View west towards the diesel depot and admin building on 14 May 2010.
Falkirk High: A view from a train at Falkirk High on 14 May 2010, showing one of the new shelters being provided by ScotRail at Edinburgh & Glasgow stations. View looking across to the westbound platform.
Healey Mills Marshalling Yard: Freightliner 66622 heads east passing Healey Mills Yard just before mid-day on 14 May 2010 with the Manchester Binliner destined for the Roxby Gullet landfill site near Scunthorpe.
South Gosforth: A Tyne & Wear Metro train calls at a leafy South Gosforth station on 14 May 2010 with an afternoon service to South Hylton.
Coventry: A Northbound Pendolino makes a dramatic entrance into platform 3 of Coventry station on 14 May.
Romsey: There is little danger of running out of water in the Gents at Romsey, as it has been cunningly located under the old steam engine water tank on the Westbound platform, seen here in May 2011. Notice the blanked off ladder.
Bathgate Upper: 334 010 departs from Bathgate (New) on 14 May with the 16.48 Edinburgh Waverley - Helensburgh Central.
Romsey: Romsey station may be well kept, with new parking spaces to the right; but a close inspection in May 2011 shows the old station master's quarters to be sadly decayed. Surely they could justify a conversion to flats for commuters?
Copmanthorpe: The former Station House and down side station building at Copmanthorpe, standing alongside the east coast main line to the south of York. Copmanthorpe lost its passenger service in January 1959.
London Road Tunnel: Two cranes, having taken up position, start lowering new reinforced concrete beams into place over London Road, Glasgow, on 14 May 2011.
Romsey: So that's the bush telegraph.... spotted behind the Eastbound platform at Romsey station on 14 May 2011.
Preston: Creeping through platform 1 Preston, at 0120 hrs on 14 May 2011, are brand new 380021 and 380020 being hauled to Scotland by 92022.
Rannoch: Built from old rails and sleepers, snow fences used to protect the railway lines from drifting snow. This is what remains of the snow fences south of Rannoch Station in May 2011.
Derby: A CrossCountry service stops at Derby on 14 May on its way to Birmingham New Street.
Rannoch: Remains of the former turntable still visible alongside Rannoch Station on 14 May 2011. The old pit has long been infilled with a number of well-established slver birch trees now occupying the site. Beyond it stands a modified coach, complete with decking and garden furniture.
Gaur Viaduct: With light rain over Rannoch Moor, K4 61994 The Great Marquess + Black 5 45231 The Sherwood Forester double head the SRPS West Highlander up the gradient from the Gaur Viaduct towards Rannoch Station on 14 May.
Rannoch: The redundant signal box at Rannoch Station on 14 May. Nice to see it still standing and with the lever frame in situ.
Derby: An East Midlands train bound for St Pancras stands at Derby on 14 May 2011.
Fort William: This year's 'Jacobite' season, the 18th under the operation of the West Coast Railway Company, was launched at Fort William on 14 May 2012 by Modern Railways columnist Alan Williams.
Threlkeld: Well, at least the bar's open: a bunch of bedraggled walkers pausing for refreshment alongside the trackbed between Penrith and Keswick, oblivious to the bowstring girder bridge behind them. Notice the front wall of the PW hut, cut down to a 'counter' with a map inset into it.
Keswick: This blocked-up tunnel mouth (east portal, looking west towards Keswick Town in 2012) explained why the path was so steep on either side. There was a wooden walkway around the hill to the right - a slightly heart-in-mouth trip on a bike, in the wet! More recently, the tunnel has been excavated [[79387]] and again forms part of an easy walking and cycling route between Threlkeld and Keswick, the work also involving the reinstatement of several bow string bridges over the River Greta.
Briery Siding Halt: This workers' platform East of Keswick served a bobbin factory nearby. Taken on a soaking wet Monday, while my wife very sensibly stayed in the car. View looks West in May 2012.
Keswick: After passing through the now infilled tunnel see image [[39079]], passengers for Keswick crossed the River Greta at an angle, on an inverted bowstring girder bridge. This view looks South West along the river on 14 May - a bit of a damp day.
Keswick: A rather stylish maintenance boundary post on Station Road, Keswick, in May 2012. Fitz Park can be seen behind the post. Two hours free parking is available here to explore the adjacent railway path - so long as you can find a space, and they haven't run out of parking discs.
Keswick: This concrete box tunnel under the Keswick bypass is handy for cyclists and pedestrians following the Keswick branch trackbed, and could conceivably help reopening. But the upward slope in the background indicates an infilled tunnel see image [[39079]]. View East in May 2012.
Hobart: Lifting bridge in Hobart Docks, in full working order and regular use. Sadly, rail traffic no longer uses the dock system.
Blackpool (North Pier): Tracks to Nowhere - Yet. In Talbot Square by the North Pier tram stop a new junction was installed in the refurbished tramway for a planned (but until now unfunded) branch to Blackpool North railway station. Flexity 009 passes over the pointwork of the projected North to East chord of a triangular junction.
Blackpool (North Pier): More future proofing on the Blackpool tram system. These points and crossover are intended to create the south to east chord of a triangular junction with a branch that will run along Talbot Rd to Blackpool North railway station. There were no funds for that at the time but when it is built the costs, and disruption to existing services, will be considerably reduced by the trackwork having been already installed. Flexity 010 slows for the North Pier stop on its way to Fleetwood in May 2013.
Pitlochry: The Station and footbridge at Pitlochry have been repainted by ScotRail in advance of the 150th anniversary which will be celebrated on 9 September. Members of the Pitlochry Station Liaison Group were on hand on 14 May to see the arrival of the restored heron fountain.
Woody Bay: The last train of the day preparing to depart Woody Bay Station on 14 May behind 190 LYD, an 0-6-0T new build loco to replicate those that were lost/scrapped in the 1930s.
Woody Bay: Locomotives at Woody Bay on 14 May 2013 include 0-4-0WT Sid, standing alongside D6652.
Woody Bay: Lynton and Barnstaple Railway 0-6-0T no 190 LYD prepares to leave Woody Bay on 14 May 2013.
Healey Mills Marshalling Yard: Looking over the east end approach, departure lines and sidings at Healey Mills in May 2014. The former Horbury Bridge goods shed and yard stand on the right, with the site of Horbury & Ossett Station island platform immediately beyond the Bridge Road over-bridge seen ahead. Foliage is gradually covering all non operational and lightly used lines.
Lochwinnoch: An all-stations Ayr - Glasgow Central train calls at Lochwinnoch on 14 May 2014.
Glen Falloch Viaduct: Black Fives 44871 and 45407 make steady progress up Glen Falloch on the way to Fort William from Inverness on 14 May, seen here crossing the viaduct at Gleann nan Caorann.
Findhorn Viaduct [Tomatin]: Black Fives 44871 and 45407 double head The Cathedrals Explorer south over Findhorn Viaduct on 14 May on their way to Fort William from Inverness.
Dalston: The daily tankers from Grangemouth arriving At the Dalston Ineos Depot in Cumbria on 14 May 2014. The depot is accessed via the siding on the left. See image [[42740]]
Lochwinnoch: The 14.30 Glasgow Central - Ayr dashes through Lochwinnoch at high speed on 14 May. This train's first stop will be at Kilwinning and the end to end journey time is a scheduled 48 minutes.
Auchtertyre Viaduct: Black Fives Nos.44871 and 45407 bring The Cathedrals Explorer off the viaduct at Auchtertyre, between Crianlarich and Tyndrum, on 14 May on the way to Fort William. [Ref query 9489]
Dalmally: Dalmally station on 14th May saw 156500 on the 1256 from Oban to Glasgow crossing 45407 and The Highlands & Islands Explorer with sister Black 5 44871 on the rear. This was Day 6 for the steam excursion, which ran from Fort William to Oban and back.
Borwick: GBRf 66737 Lesia hauls the return leg of Pathfinder's Yorkshire Dales Explorer Salisbury to Leeds excursion on 14th May 2016. The train is retracing its outward journey over the Little North Western route and approaching the closed station at Borwick.
Redbridge Viaduct: A passing Tweedbank - Edinburgh service gives a friendly greeting to a party of enthusiasts walking from Gala to Tweedbank. But with one hand at the cab window, how did the driver operate the horn we wonder?
Tweedbank: The end of the line - for the moment. The sign at the exit from Tweedbank station points tantalisingly south.
Farington Junction: A Northern Class 150 DMU heads south on the Up Slow between Farington Jct and Leyland on 14 May 2016. On the left is the former Leyland Trucks site and the sidings which at the time was the subject of a planning application for a temporary servicing and refuelling point while electrification work prevented the use of the facility at Blackpool North. The application was successful and DMUs were serviced at the site for around 18 months.
Chorley: A Northern Manchester to Blackpool service approaches Chorley on the evening of 14 May 2016. Major engineering work is scheduled for every weekend and some weekday evenings from 18 June to 2 October at Chorley. This includes the realignment of tracks and rebuild of platforms to enable electrification of the line. Work has already started on preparations for a temporary down platform to the right of the DMU. This will allow realignment of the current down platform.
Farington Junction: TPE 185150 rushes south of Farington Junction on the Up Fast towards Centurion Way road bridge, Leyland on 14 May 2016. The service is heading to Manchester Airport having started the journey north of the border.
Inverness: Serco operated 67010 at Inverness platform 2 at 0830 on a fine Saturday 14 May 2016, shortly after arrival with the Inverness portion of the Caledonian Sleeper from London Euston.
Edinburgh Waverley: View from Carlton Hill looking down on Edinburgh Waverley, on the glorious spring morning of 14th May 2016.
Sandsend: Part of the platform wall at Sandsend, just north of Whitby, on Saturday 8th May 2017. The path is part of the Cleveland Way, and is very narrow at this point due to coastal erosion.
Aberdour: 60103 speeds away from Aberdour with the Cathedrals Express Fife Circle trip.
Cowdenbeath North Junction: 60103 passes the site of Cowdenbeath North Junction on 14th May 2017.
Cowdenbeath North Junction: The Network Rail helicopter, for interest, a bit off-topic otherwise! [On the day of the Flying Scotsman Cathedral's Express in Fife.]
Haymarket: Flying Scotsman passing through Haymarket at 1735 on 'The Cathedrals Express'.
North Queensferry: Flying Scotsman emerges from the north portal of the Forth Bridge with the 'Forth Circular' on 14 May.
Eskbank: A Sunday morning ScotRail service picks up at Eskbank on 14 May 2017 on its way to Waverley.
Parkhill: Taken just north of Dyce where the new Aberdeen western bypass crosses the Buchan line formation, Pleased to see a bit of forward planning as the bridge is wide enough for two lines to be relaid, hopefully Scotrail HST will be running up to Fraserburgh and Peterhead.
Alloa West Junction: West Coast Railways Class 47 "Chris Fudge†(formerly 47 747) passes the site of the former Alloa West level crossing on the rear of the "Cathedral's Express†on Sunday 14th May 2017. Hundreds of people had turned out to see this train. Not for the Class 47 of course, but for the rather more famous steam loco on the front – the Flying Scotsman.
Brora: Running a few minutes late, the 1234 ScotRail service from Wick to Inverness passes Kintradwell, just north of Brora, on a sunny 14th May 2018. [Ref query 16 May 2018]
Scorton [Lancashire] [2nd]: Freightliner 90043 and 90041 pass over an occupation bridge at Scorton with a Coatbridge to Daventry intermodal service on 14th May 2018.
Scorton [Lancashire] [2nd]: 68004 Rapid crosses an occupation bridge as it heads south at Scorton with 2C32, the Carlisle to Preston train on 14th May 2018, the last week of loco-hauled operation of these services.
Dumfries: The station gardens at Dumfries are well maintained and made a fine sight on a sunny 14th May 2018.
Tebay: 72004, Clan Macdonald, then shedded at Polmadie (66A), undergoing maintenance at Tebay (11D) in July 1954.
Inverkeithing Tunnel: 66746 nears Inverkeithing Tunnel with the Royal Scotsman from Edinburgh, heading to Aviemore because of the Aberdeen - Dyce blockade. Those trees need pruning!
Glasgow Queen Street High Level: The (yet again) realigned Dundas Street entrance to Queen Street station in mid-May 2019 showing the new steel framework which now borders the old train shed on its south and west sides.
Glasgow Queen Street High Level: The old meets the new at Queen Street - and a capital example of design on top of one of the original roof support columns is now revealed at the realigned Dundas Street entrance.
Margam Halt: 3Z90 passing Margam on 14th May 2019, working from Bristol St Phillips Marsh HST Depot to Carmarthen. It is to be used for driver training on the four coach HST sets that will run in South Wales.
Dundee: Dundee station was lit-up blue to show solidarity with key workers and front-line NHS staff all across the country. The recently redeveloped station joined with other Network Rail stations and structures across the UK and other buildings in the City in lighting up in NHS colours to salute the dedication and efforts of healthcare workers in the battle against the coronavirus.
Uffington: Being allowed out for the first time for many weeks, I set out on 14th May 2020 to Uffington to capture two Freightliners but alas disappointment set in as they passed through up to forty minutes early. However, GWR 800311 was photographed heading west at 1350 hours with the 1C15, 1302 ex-Paddington to Bristol Temple Meads, next stop Swindon.
Restalrig Goods: Victorian confidence. It is impossible to imagine a prefabricated bridge today carrying any sort of provenance, let alone one as detailed as this. The bridge carries Lochend Road over the Leith New Lines at the point where the Restalrig Goods branch diverged. Although called a Goods station it actually just served a saw mill. The New Lines in turn went over the NB's Leith Central branch. Old photos of this area seem sadly lacking. Photographed incidental to my daily exercise permitted under emergency coronavirus legislation.
King's Road Junction: The Leith South (or Docks) line seems to have fallen into desuetude. This is the point where it goes under Inchview Terrace, and we are looking towards the Junction at Portobello. King's Road Junction signal box was on the other side of the road behind me; the course of the short line to Portobello Power Station was lost when the road junction was remodelled then the power station demolished. Photographed incidental to my daily exercise permitted under emergency coronavirus legislation.
Craigentinny Depot: Craigentinny wheel lathe is nominally part of Craigentinny depot, but is detached from it and is really in Portobello. This ScotRail 385 is probably the same one I saw there the previous week, but I don't suppose there is much urgency for stock at the moment. The depot's battery shunter would be needed to move it in and out. Photographed incidental to my daily exercise permitted under emergency coronavirus legislation.
Portobello Freightliner Terminal: Portobello Freightliner Terminal has been closed for considerably longer than it operated but for some reason one of its two cranes was never scrapped. It hardly has the iconic status of, say, Glasgow's Finnieston Crane. Photographed incidental to my daily exercise permitted under emergency coronavirus legislation.
Portobello Junction: Until recently the siding going off to the background here was occupied by some vintage (and decrepit) OHLE vehicles which, going by pictures on RailScot, had been there for at least 14 years. There appears to be some sort of construction going on, presumably suspended in the lockdown. Photographed incidental to my daily exercise permitted under emergency coronavirus legislation.
Newhaven [Tram]: Newhaven Tram Stop, Lindsay Road, under construction on 14th May 2021. The curved section beyond will be used for stabling purposes.
Leith North: Looking east along Lindsay Road from the Newhaven Tram Stop site on 14th May 2021. The road continues roughly straight ahead to cross the former Leith North branch, while the tramway will veer left to drop down to the former carriage sidings and goods yard on its way to Ocean Terminal.
Leith North: The former Lindsay Road bridge, over the throat of Leith North station and yard approaches, looking north on 14 May 2021.
Newhaven [Tram]: The terminus of the Newhaven tramway extension will be located to the left of the round tower, on Lindsay Road. Seen under construction in May 2021.
Ocean Terminal [Tram]: Looking north from the under construction Ocean Terminal tram stop, on 14th May 2021, with the shopping centre on the left and docks in the distance.
Morningside Road: Signal ES 672 beside the Up Suburban from an unusual location. The building opposite, Morningside Manor care home, is situated on the site of the sidings which served a mason's yard (See image [[71015]]). I suggest that the name for the road mainly enclosed by it should be called Stone Lye Close.
Troon: A model rail exhibition was a good excuse to take the train to Troon. 380109 calls at the station on 14th May 2022.
Events from the chronology which occured on this day. This generally lists events before 1995, the creation of the website.
Year | Companies | Description |
1862 | Newcastle and Carlisle Railway | An agreement that the North Eastern Railway, which will take over the N&C, can have access to Carlisle Citadel. |
1885 | Blaenavon Tramroad | Abersychan renamed Abersychan Low Level |
1902 | Dundee Corporation Tramways | Last steam tram, Albert Square to Tram_>Fairmuir Tram . |
1914 | Meadowside Quay | The Meadowside Granary opens, its first ship to be emptied was the tramp steamer Hornby. The original brick clad building, parallel to the river, consisted of a group of grain silos 100 ft high and, to the east, a eleven floor building for bagged or un-bagged grain. Two rail mounted elevators with a ladder of buckets emptied ships. The granary was rail served. The granary was to be vital in the forthcoming Great War. |
1984 | Aberystwyth and Welch Coast Railway | Last train at Abertafol. |
1990 | West Highland Railway | Motorail service commences running to Fort William. |
These are old news items which which occured on this day. This generally lists events after 1995, the creation of the website.
Year | Companies | Description |
2004 | Rail reform ^will be challenging^ [BBC News] | Network Rail is cutting costs but still faces "serious challenges" in improving the railways, a report finds. |
2006 | Train deaths report is ^flawed^ [BBC News] | A rail industry report into the deaths of two girls killed at a railway foot crossing is disappointing, says father. |
2006 | Rubbish fire hits rail services [BBC News] | Rail services in south-east London and Kent are being disrupted by 50 tonnes of burning refuse close to a track. |
2007 | ^Steep rise^ in crime on railway [BBC News] | A rail company warns it may have to cancel some services in the south Wales valleys after a rise in crime and disorder. |
2007 | TV star awarded rail crash payout [BBC News] | A TV presenter is awarded a substantial sum in compensation after she was injured in the Potters Bar rail crash. |
2009 | Rail link marks first full year [BBC News Article] | More than twice the number of passengers predicted are using Alloa^s rail link one year after it re-opened |
2010 | Train ^narrowly misses^ tractor [BBC News Article] | An Aberdeen to Inverness train narrowly misses colliding with a tractor at a railway crossing at Forres in Moray. |
2010 | Waverley's Princes Street Entrance Plans Take the Final Step [Network Rail] | Network Rail's plans to overhaul Waverley Station's entrance from Princes Street have been given the green light by the Scottish Government. The proposals will create a new covered step and escalator access between Princes Street and the north entrance to Waverley station as well as lift access from the station to Princes Street via the roof of Princes Mall. |
2011 | Philip Hammond to confront rail unions over transport costs [Guardian] | Transport secretary Philip Hammond will spark a confrontation with unions this week by demanding steep cuts in the wage bills of Britain^s railways, citing an official study suggesting that they cost 40% more to operate than equivalent systems in France, Germany and the Netherlands. |
2011 | Network Rail fined £3m over Potters Bar crash [Guardian] | Network Rail has been fined £3m by a court for failings over the Potters Bar train crash, in which seven people died. |
2012 | Fishguard and Goodwick train station officially reopens after 48 years [BBC News] | A railway station in Pembrokeshire is officially reopening after being out of service for 48 years. Fishguard and Goodwick railway station closed to passengers in April 1964. |
2012 | Merseyrail trains to be replaced [BBC News] | Plans are being drawn up to replace every train on the Merseyrail network at a cost of £350m. The current fleet is now more than 30 years old and the trains are rented at a cost of £12m a year. Operator Merseytravel said the expected lifespan of the trains and their leasing arrangements were set to run out in the next six years. |
2013 | Free wi-fi for 25 Scottish railway stations [BBC News] | Free wi-fi access is to be introduced at 25 of Scotland^s busiest railway stations before the end of the year. The move is the latest stage in the Scottish government^s plan to ensure travellers have free, wireless internet across the rail network by 2019. ScotRail began introducing free access on its flagship Edinburgh to Glasgow route last year and it is now being rolled out across express trains. |
2013 | Borders rail link: £150m plan for Penicuik spur [Evening News] | A VITAL £150 million rail line connecting Penicuik to central Edinburgh could be reopened for the first time in half a century. Heriot-Watt University has been asked to carry out a feasibility study into opening ten miles of rail line that would allow passenger trains to run into Penicuik off the new Borders rail link. At least six miles of the potential route have been preserved as a rail corridor and already crosses the City Bypass, meaning the project could come in cheaper than early estimates of £150 million. One option being considered is for the rail link to connect Penicuik to the new Shawfair station being built on the 35-mile Borders rail route running from Waverley to Tweedbank. The feasibility study requested by Midlothian Council is due to be completed next year. |
2014 | £350m Borders Railway nearly half complete [Scotsman] | THE Borders Railway is weeks away from being half complete, builders Network Rail announced today. A total of 44 per cent of work on the 30-mile line between Edinburgh and Tweedbank, south of Galashiels, has been finished. Network Rail said it expected to pass the half way stage by the end of the month. |
2015 | Glasgow Central Station commuters face disruption [Scotsman] | PASSENGERS using Glasgow Central Station - Scotland's busiest - face potential disruption after the Rail, Maritime and Transport union (RMT) today announced an overtime ban over the sacking of a member by ScotRail. News of the action from next Wednesday comes as the union prepares to decide whether to order a Britain-wide strike in a separate pay dispute with Network Rail. |
2015 | Sydney Trains takes unusual step to tackle vandalism [Rail News] | Sydney Trains has begun trialling a new security device designed to catch vandals in the act. The electronic chemical sensor, known as the Mousetrap, detects vapour given off by spray paint and alerts Police Transport Command (PTC). A number of trains have already been equipped with the sensors, leading to the arrest of more than 30 offenders to date. Mousetrap, which can even detect vandals using marker pens, works alongside traditional CCTV to record and catch offenders. [From Richard Buckby] |
2016 | Flying Scotsman Borders Railway and Forth Bridge trip back on [BBC News] | The Flying Scotsman will be allowed to run on the Borders Railway and Forth Bridge after a climbdown by Network Rail. Excursion operators were told on Friday the trip must be cancelled because it could not be sure the engine was suitable for the line. Scottish Transport Minister Derek Mackay said Network Rail had now reversed the decision. He had earlier branded the cancellation a ^debacle^ and called for an inquiry. Hundreds of steam enthusiasts are planning to turn out to watch the newly-restored locomotive run on the Borders line, which re-opened last September. |
2016 | HS2 may not even reach Manchester as Department for Transport faces having project taken out of its control [Telegraph] | HS2 has admitted that "nothing is ruled out†in a cost-cutting exercise which could see sizeable parts of the controversial high-speed project shelved. The Cabinet Secretary Sir Jeremy Heywood and Treasury officials are conducting an urgent review of the £55.7 billion rail line amid growing alarm at its spiralling price-tag. |
2017 | Rail enthusiasts around the world mark #NationalTrainDay [Scotsman] | Rail enthusiasts around the world have been marking National Train Day. The event was started by Amtrak, the American rail operator, in 2008 as a promotional campaign to encourage the public to travel by train and learn more about the networks history. It has since been adopted by enthusiasts around the world, particularly on social media, as a day to mark railway heritage. To mark the 2017 National Train Day, The Scotsman has shared several pictures from its extensive photographic archive of trains working across Scotland, from steam train excursions to famous express services. |
2017 | Flying Scotsman begins second Scottish tour [BBC] | The world^s best known steam engine has crossed Scotland^s best known bridge on its second trip to the country since it was restored. About 800 passengers have booked trips on the Flying Scotsman which steamed out of Edinburgh Waverley on Sunday. |
2018 | Rail project cost rises £110m [Times] | The cost of a project to cut journey times on Scotlands busiest rail route has risen by more than £110 million. The estimated cost of the scheme to cut ten minutes off the journey between Edinburgh and Glasgow has gone from £742 million to £858 million. Plans to increase the number of seats and frequency of services have also been delayed. The rail regulator described the cost rise as deeply concerning and said it was investigating the delays and budget overruns on the Transport Scotland electrification project . |
2018 | East Coast rail franchise ^to be scrapped^ by transport secretary [Guardian] | Chris Grayling likely to introduce not-for-profit arrangement on line from London to Edinburgh. Chris Grayling is expected to make a decision within days to end the existing East Coast rail franchise operated by Stagecoach and Virgin Trains. The transport secretary was said to be preparing to either renationalise the London to Edinburgh line or negotiate a not-for-profit arrangement with Stagecoach and Virgin Trains before the end of the week. |
2019 | The very first LNER Azuma in service [YouTube] | Tuesday 14th May 2019, and LNER ran the first of its Hitachi Azuma trains for a Press trip between London Kings Cross and Peterbrough, and back again. |
2019 | Highland Main Line Community Rail Partnership takes part in national campaign to encourage sustainable tourism and discovery by rail [ScotRail] | A Scottish community group, [the] Highland Main Line Community Rail Partnership, is taking part in a nationwide campaign, organised by the Association of Community Rail Partnerships (ACoRP), encouraging people to explore the historic and scenic destinations and attractions that surround their local railway lines. |
2020 | Covid-19 unlikely to impact Alstom^s acquisition of Bombardier [Railway Technology] | Canadian company Bombardier has stated that the Covid-19 pandemic may not affect the divestment of its rail business to Alstom. |
2020 | Network Rail issues warning as more than 1,000 trespass incidents recorded during COVID-19 lockdown [Network Rail] | Newly released figures from Network Rail have revealed that trespassers disrupted vital passenger and freight services a staggering 1,024 times during the first month of the Government^s COVID-19 lockdown. |
2020 | Paddington: A Year on the Tracks documentary series starts tonight [Network Rail] | A special four-part Channel 5 documentary series starts tonight (14 May) at 9pm and goes behind the scenes to show how Network Rail and train operators keep passengers moving at London Paddington station and across the west throughout the different seasons. |
2020 | ScotRail lays Covid-19 distance markers at Scotland^s biggest train stations in time for lockdown restrictions being eased [Scotsman] | ScotRail has started laying floor markers in the country^s largest train stations for passengers to keep a two metre social distance while waiting to board or buy tickets. |
2020 | In Memoriam, Brian M Forbes [Railscot] | It is with great sadness we announce death of Brian M. Forbes, one of our contributors. He peacefully passed away on April the 25th 2020 at Perth, with his Covid regulated funeral on May 7th 2020. This news item is illustrated with the first photograph he contributed. | |
Are you considering installing new flooring directly on concrete? Understanding the best flooring options for concrete subfloors is essential for achieving a durable and aesthetically pleasing result. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore various flooring choices that are suitable for concrete, considering factors like moisture resistance, temperature compatibility, and personal style preferences. Whether you're a DIY enthusiast or a homeowner planning a renovation project, this article will provide you with valuable insights to make an informed decision.
Concrete serves as a solid foundation for flooring installations. Its durability and stability make it an excellent base for various types of flooring. Before delving into the best flooring options, let's first understand the characteristics of concrete and the importance of preparing the subfloor.
Engineered Hardwood Flooring
Hardwood flooring is a favorable option for installation over concrete primarily because it adds warmth, beauty, and value to spaces that might otherwise feel cold and uninviting. Concrete subfloors are common in basements and ground-level areas, where moisture can be an issue.
Hardwood flooring, especially engineered hardwood, provides a layer of insulation against the coldness of concrete and can withstand minor moisture fluctuations when installed correctly with proper moisture barriers.
Hardwood floors are relatively easy to clean and maintain, making them suitable for a variety of environments. They also offer a level of customization, with various species, finishes, and styles available to suit different preferences and interior designs. Overall, the combination of aesthetics, durability, and versatility makes hardwood flooring a popular choice for installation over concrete subfloors.
Laminate Flooring
Laminate flooring serves as a practical option for installation over concrete subfloors, offering advantages such as moisture resistance, affordability, and ease of installation. Its construction with moisture-resistant materials makes it resilient against potential moisture issues common in concrete.
Laminate flooring is budget-friendly and often features interlocking planks, facilitating straightforward installation, particularly for DIY projects. Its durability against scratches, dents, and stains makes it suitable for high-traffic areas, while its versatility in style and design allows homeowners to achieve various looks without the upkeep demands of natural materials.
Low maintenance requirements further enhance its appeal, making laminate flooring a pragmatic and cost-effective choice for covering concrete subfloors while ensuring both aesthetic appeal and practicality.
Vinyl Flooring
Vinyl flooring can indeed be a fantastic option for installing over concrete subfloors, offering several benefits that make it a popular choice for many homeowners. Firstly, vinyl flooring is highly resistant to moisture, which is particularly advantageous when installing over concrete, where moisture can be a concern. Unlike hardwood or laminate, vinyl flooring is inherently waterproof, making it an excellent choice for areas prone to moisture, such as basements, bathrooms, and kitchens.
This moisture resistance helps prevent issues like warping, mold, and mildew, ensuring the longevity of the flooring even in damp environments. It can be installed in various ways, including glue-down, loose-lay, or click-lock systems. Consider luxury vinyl planks or tiles for a premium look.
Vinyl flooring provides excellent noise insulation properties, helping to reduce the transmission of sound, particularly impact noise, which can be prevalent in areas with concrete subfloors. This can contribute to a quieter and more comfortable living environment, especially in multi-level homes or apartments.
Vinyl flooring is highly durable and resistant to scratches, dents, and stains, making it suitable for high-traffic areas. Its robust construction ensures that it can withstand the rigors of daily use, making it a practical and long-lasting flooring solution for concrete subfloors.
Tile Flooring
Tile flooring can be an excellent option for installing over concrete subfloors, offering several advantages that make it a popular choice for many homeowners. Firstly, tile is highly resistant to moisture, which is crucial when installing over concrete, where moisture can sometimes be an issue.
Porcelain and ceramic tiles, in particular, are naturally resistant to water, making them suitable for areas prone to spills or humidity, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and basements. Additionally, tile flooring provides a cool and refreshing surface, which can be particularly pleasant in warmer climates or during the summer months.
Furthermore, tile flooring offers excellent durability and longevity, making it well-suited for high-traffic areas and spaces where heavy furniture or equipment may be present. When properly installed, tile can withstand years of use without showing significant signs of wear and tear.
Tile flooring is easy to clean and maintain, requiring only regular sweeping and occasional mopping to keep it looking its best. Additionally, while tile flooring itself does not provide much noise insulation, installing an appropriate underlayment can help reduce impact noise and improve overall comfort.
Factors to Consider
Several crucial factors should be considered when selecting flooring for concrete subfloors. Let's explore these factors in detail to help you make the right choice for your specific needs.
Durability and Moisture Resistance
When installing flooring on concrete, it's vital to choose materials that can withstand moisture and potential water intrusion. This is especially important in areas prone to dampness, such as basements or bathrooms. Consider options like waterproof vinyl, ceramic tiles, or epoxy-coated concrete for maximum durability and moisture resistance.
Temperature and Insulation
Concrete can have a significant impact on the temperature of your flooring. In colder climates, insulating materials are crucial to enhance comfort and energy efficiency. Options like engineered wood with built-in insulation or using underlayment with laminate flooring can help regulate temperature and reduce heat loss.
Compatibility with Radiant Heating
If you plan to install radiant heating systems, it's important to choose flooring materials that are compatible with this technology. Materials like ceramic or porcelain tiles, vinyl, and engineered wood are commonly used with radiant heating due to their ability to conduct heat effectively.
Aesthetics and Personal Preferences
Your flooring choice should not only be functional but also reflect your personal style and preferences. Consider options like hardwood, laminate, or decorative concrete to achieve the desired look and feel in your space. Take into account factors like color, texture, and design to create a visually appealing environment.
Closing Thoughts
Choosing the right flooring for your concrete subfloor is crucial for achieving a durable, beautiful, and functional space. Consider the factors we discussed, such as moisture resistance, temperature compatibility, and personal style preferences, when making your decision. Remember to properly prepare the concrete subfloor and follow the recommended installation methods for the chosen flooring material. With regular maintenance and care, your flooring will continue to impress for years to come. Enjoy your new concrete-based flooring!
Read More
Laminate Flooring Over OSB Subfloor
Installing Laminate Flooring Over Plank Subfloor |
How would you handle being rich for a few days? Would people you have never spoken to now speak to you? Would you be treated differently? I have always wondered what it would be like to have a lot of money. Would I change as a person? In the Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald weaves together the motifs illusions and materialism and shows a very important theme for the incredible novel. Early in the rising action, Fitzgerald mixes both motifs quite wonderfully. He starts it off by showing how the married couple (Tom and Daisy) is cheating on each other, but they pretend everything's okay. Daisy also talks about giving her dress away because she has to go buy more anyway. She starts discussing all the things she will be buying tomorrow as well. …show more content…
Nick ( the main character) goes with Gatsby to meet some of his friends and he meets a strange man. The man represents materialism because he has cuff buttons made of human molars. He calls them the "finest specimens of human molars". This alone shows how they can get whatever they want. He also stated that Gatsby was a very careful man when it comes to women. The man said, "He (Gatsby) would never so much look at a friend's wife". This is a lie simply because Gatsby is trying everything he can to get Daisy, who is a married woman. Their relationship starts developing more also. They start spending more time together, but Gatsby is trying to push for her to come back to him, but she doesn't know if she can go back to him because his money is not as good as Tom's money. Daisy is very conflicted with her …show more content…
Gatsby and Daisy's relationship start developing a lot more. There is a scene in the book where Tom leaves the room and Daisy moves over to Gatsby and "pulled his face down, kissing him on the mouth" while Tom has no idea of her betrayal. Daisy later admits her love for Gatsby, but she still stays with Tom. Tom (daisy's husband) is also having an affair. Myrtle (tom's mistress) is killed in a car accident and Tom doesn't know how to cope with the lose so he starts spending money on jewelry "he went into the jewelry store to buy a pearl necklace..rid my provincial squeamishness forever". This shows materialism because normal people can't just make themselves feel better by buying things. They have to deal with pain and loss like a sensible
Cover art for F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby has been redesigned many times throughout the years, but one thing always remains constant; each cover provides examples of motifs or themes present throughout the story. Cover number 2 from our provided list depicts a delighted Daisy Buchanan sitting atop a green bottle of alcohol, with a distressed Gatsby trapped inside. This cover design presents a visual example of the thematic statement "obsession always leads to moral corruption" by displaying what can become of a person who focuses too intently on a single goal. From a young age, Jay Gatsby demonstrated a distaste for a simplistic lifestyle.
Throughout The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses allusions to portray Gatsby as a representative of the "American Dream" and to foreshadow the eventual collapse of the relationship between Daisy and Tom, which, in turn, presents Gatsby's desire
but he interjects and makes it clear that "she's never loved [Gatsby], she loves him" (Fitzgerald 130). After drinking, Tom seems to have power over the situations he is placed in. When Daisy reveals her love for Gatsby, he recognizes he must take control and makes it known to Daisy that she loves Tom even though she believes she loves Gatsby when she is drunk. As Tom is visiting his mistress Myrtle, he defends Daisy's name and hits Myrtle when she repeats Daisy's name out loud (Fitzgerald 37). Furthermore, he lies to Myrtle and Catherine, saying that Daisy is catholic and leads them to believe that "it's really his wife that's keeping them apart" so he can never marry Myrtle (Fitzgerald 33).
One character that confirms that materialism is corrupting society is Daisy. Daisy is materialistic from the beginning. Gatsby states, "She only married you [Tom] because I was poor" (137). The fact that Daisy left Gatsby and married Tom for his money shows that she is materialistic. Furthermore, Daisy 's materialism reflects on her character.
"'Even that's a lie,' said Tom savagely. She didn't know you were alive. Why- there're things between Daisy and me that you'll never know, things that neither of us can ever forget." (Fitzgerald 132). Even when Tom knows that Daisy is cheating on him with Jay Gatsby, he contends his marriage and fights for her.
Through the early to mid 1900s, the concept of striving to attain more than one is originally born with became predominant in most American societies. During this era, many authors, through literature, began expressing their concern with the rise in materialistic ideals and its effect on society and the individuals living within it, one being F. Scott Fitzgerald. Two of Fitzgerald's widely-known works of literature, The Great Gatsby and "Winter Dreams", both heavily elaborate on the effects of the increase in materialism and the ultimate effects of attempting to achieve the American Dream; this is conveyed through the unhappiness of the Dexter and Gatsby despite their perseverance to acquire women of higher social statuses. These texts both reach the conclusion that the American Dream is not within reach of anyone. Fitzgerald's representation of the unattainable American Dream is demonstrated in The Great Gatsby and "Winter Dreams" through his portrayal of the materialistic nature of society as well as the characters' failure to possess the women they love.
The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel that tells the story of love affairs, the american dream, and the battle between old money versus new money. The main problem of the novel is the fight for Daisy's heart. Daisy is married to Tom Buchanan, and their love is fading away. Tom is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson, while later on Daisy is having an affair also with Jay Gatsby. The Buchanans come from old money, while Gatsby comes from new money.
The actions Tom takes near the end of the story show how hypocritical Tom really is. For some reason, Tom is irritated that Gatsby and Daisy seem to have feelings for each other, but his affair with Myrtle is completely fine with him. To Tom, there is nothing wrong with him cheating on Daisy, but Daisy wanting to be with Gatsby is a horrid thing, even
In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, social class is a key theme, as seen by every character having their own distinct class. Tom, Daisy, Jordan, and even Nick are old money, Gatsby is new money, and the Wilson 's are no money. In short, the more money you have, the better off you will be. In the epigraph of the novel, there is a poem by Thomas Parke D 'Invilliers, who is a fictional character created by Fitzgerald himself. This poem is about using materialism to win over the affection of someone, which is exactly what Gatsby tries to do.
The characters in the novel pretend that they have their lives all figured out, but through their successes their downfalls and emptiness can be seen, to prove that money cannot buy happiness. Jay Gatsby is the newest and upcoming star in New York during the 1920's. Through his business and inheritance he is one of the richest men of his time. One may think that his abundance of wealth would lead him to be eternally happy, but he is the opposite. Gatsby longs for his love of Daisy, which is his personal American Dream.
Set in the lavish era of the 1920's, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the wealthy, yet sinful life of Jay Gatsby. When describing his character, Fitzgerald touches upon the three deadly sins: greed, envy and gluttony. James Gatz, having grown up in a small town to farmers, wished to make more of himself. Disowning his parents at a young age, he went off in search for money, and a new identity. "And when the TUOLOMEE left for the West Indies and the Barbary Coast Gatsby left too" (Fitzgerald 107).
How does the desire to pursue money and power negatively impact the characters' moral sense of right or wrong? Many people allow their social class and wealth to determine their belonging in life. In The Great Gatsby people with "old money" are more respected and superior than those with "new money". The characters' actions are driven by their desire for wealth and power.
The Roaring Twenties, known as the decade of the 1920s in the Western World, consists of dramatic changes in social values. The cultural differences between the 1920s and the Victorian era changes people's behavior, where they become more free-will, youthful and carefree, despite of being more conservative before. People are more open-minded and found satisfaction through the "open pursuit of sex, money, and booze" (Berman 53) as they suggest their wealth and status in the society. New York City had become one of the cities where materialistic wealth has become the key of happiness and the standard to judge people's success, further leading Americans to pursue each other in a negative, acquisitive way. Through the different scenes and characters of the famous novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores how the society twisted the original idea of
F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby portrays the lives of wealthy Americans living in the success and grandeur of the Roaring Twenties. Within the novel, the epoch's legacy of material want and the need for human connection clash in the form of Daisy Buchanan. Her inner conflict between the two desires are symbolized in Jay's letter and Tom's pearls. Jay's letter to Daisy Buchanan proves the romance of their relationship, while Tom's pearls ultimately represents Daisy's decision to abandon that love for wealth.
In today's duplicitous society, men often pursue the "perfect woman". This woman is construed to be; fit, provocative and ravishing. However, in greatly distinguished American novel, The Great Gatsby, the men have strayed from stalking women for their looks. Instead, Gatsby chases Daisy to achieve her as a prize of his bounty and any affection Gatsby demonstrates toward her, is simply to appease to her sense of status and wealth. The author F. Scott Fitzgerald, exhibits Gatsby's these feelings for Daisy through the clever usage of connotation, symbolism and metaphors. |
If Online Reputation is Everything, Who Wants a Do-Over?
If Online Reputation is Everything, Who Wants a Do-Over?
The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (the "OPC") recently released a draft policy position regarding the protection of online reputation. The OPC will finalize its position after seeking stakeholder views on the proposals presented in the draft policy position.
The draft policy position considers whether the existing legal framework in Canada has mechanisms in place to resolve reputational concerns with content published on the internet. The OPC also proposes steps for Parliament to follow in order to further embolden the protection of online reputation.
While the OPC is careful to state that it is not suggesting the adoption of the "right to be forgotten" that was introduced in the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, its interpretation of existing law coupled with its proposals indicate a push in the same direction.
Existing Protection of Online Reputation
According to the draft policy position, existing privacy rights and obligations set out in the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, SC 2000, c 5 ("PIPEDA"), already enable individuals to seek the removal or practical obscurity of old and/or inaccurate information from the internet.
PIPEDA is federal privacy legislation that applies to private sector organizations who collect, use or disclose personal information in the course of commercial activities in all provincial jurisdictions that do not have substantially similar legislation.
Websites are Sometimes Required to Remove or Amend Personal Information
The OPC observes that much of the personal information that is published by websites involved in commercial activities is provided directly by individuals about themselves (i.e., on social media platforms). In these circumstances, the OPC says, the websites must remove personal information if ever requested to do so by the individual who posted it. The OPC implies this requirement from the PIPEDA principles mandating that: (1) individuals may withdraw consent to the collection, use or disclosure of their personal information; and (2) information that is no longer needed must be destroyed, erased or made anonymous.
Where personal information about an individual is published online by someone other than that individual, however, the OPC concedes that PIPEDA does not presently, either expressly or through implication, provide for an absolute right of removal. An individual may only seek to challenge the publication of the information on the basis of accuracy or appropriateness.
Search Engines are Sometimes Required to De-index Personal Information
The draft policy position opines that the obligations of PIPEDA apply to search engines. In so doing, the OPC observes that by indexing webpages containing personal information, and returning links to those pages in search results, search engines are collecting, using and disclosing personal information. The OPC further observes that most search engines display advertisements along with these search results and, therefore, collect, use and disclose personal information in the course of commercial activities.
PIPEDA permits individuals to challenge the accuracy, completeness and currency of search results returned for searches in their name. The OPC notes that, in certain circumstances, proper application of PIPEDA will require the de-indexing of search results. In other circumstances, however, in order to accommodate the public's interest in freedom of expression and information remaining accessible, simply lowering the ranking of a search result will be sufficient to meet the obligations of PIPEDA.
Proposals for Further Protection of Online Reputation
Personal Information about Youth
The draft policy position argues, specifically, for a lower standard for youth to have personal information about them de-indexed or removed from the internet. The OPC's position in this regard recognizes the inherent vulnerability of children in addition to their reduced cognitive and maturity levels. The OPC suggests that the consent given by youth to the collection, use and disclosure of their personal information cannot be considered meaningful.
On the basis of the above, the draft policy paper urges that any challenge to the publication of personal information about youth should heavily favour de-indexing or removal.
The OPC also observes that many parents will post information and pictures of their children that may seem "cute", but may still be harmful to them in the future. On this basis, the draft policy position recommends that Parliament consider providing youth with an express ability to request and obtain removal of online information posted about them by their parents or guardians.
Improving Education about Online Reputation
The OPC and the privacy regulators for each of the provinces and territories have issued a joint letter to the Canadian Council of Ministers of Education calling for privacy protection to be incorporated into the curriculum for digital education. The objective of such education is not only to develop an understanding of online privacy to protect their own interests, but also to respect the interests of others.
Legislative Amendments
While the draft policy position acknowledges the applicability of PIPEDA to search engines, the OPC recognizes that many of the statutory obligations are not easily obtainable (i.e. obtaining consent directly from individuals). The OPC recommends that Parliament consider amending the legislation in order to respond to such concerns.
The OPC also calls for enhancing the powers of the OPC to include stronger enforcement mechanisms, such as order-making and fining powers.
Lastly, the OPC suggests that Parliament consider a specific legislation to address online reputation directly.
by Mitch Koczerginski
A Cautionary Note
The foregoing provides only an overview and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are cautioned against making any decisions based on this material alone. Rather, specific legal advice should be obtained.
© McMillan LLP 2018
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HER2-positive Breast Cancer
This video is an overview of HER2, a protein found on the surface of breast cells that can become overactive in about 20% of breast cancers, leading to HER2-positive breast cancer, which grows faster.
In this video, we learn how understanding HER2 helps create personalized treatment plans.
Read the full video transcript below:
This video is an overview of HER2 for patients with breast cancer.
HER2 is short for Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2.
It's a protein that exists on the surface of breast cells and plays a role in cell growth, which is essential for normal breast development and repair. However, in some cases, this protein can become overactive, leading to uncontrolled growth and eventually the development of breast cancer.
HER2 is overactive in about 20% of breast cancers. Breast cancer cells that have too much HER2 are referred to as HER2-positive breast cancer.
HER2-positive breast cancer tends to grow and spread more rapidly than HER2-negative breast cancer, making it important for diagnosis and treatment decisions. There are several available tests for HER2 breast cancer.
In this video, we won't go into the technical details, but patients should at least be aware of the names of the two most common HER2 tests, including IHC, which stands for immunohistochemistry, and FISH, which stands for fluorescence in situ hybridization.
If you have questions about your HER2 test, you can ask your doctor for more details.
Thankfully, after scientists discovered HER2 in breast cancer, they then invented highly effective targeted therapies—medicines that can deactivate HER2 protein.
Herceptin, also known as trastuzumab, is one of the first drugs developed to target HER2-positive breast cancer. It works by binding to HER2 receptors on cancer cells, blocking their ability to fuel cancer growth, and alerting the immune system to attack the cancer.
Another drug called Perjeta, also known as pertuzumab, is often used in combination with Herceptin. Perjeta also targets HER2 but in a different way. It blocks HER2 from forming pairs with other HER2 receptors, further blocking cancer cell growth.
Kadcyla is a medicine that combines Herceptin with a chemotherapy drug. It delivers the chemotherapy directly to HER2-positive cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy.'
Tykerb, also known as lapatinib, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which means it blocks multiple pathways involved in cancer cell growth. It's used in combination with other treatments for HER2-positive breast cancer.
Lastly, Nerlynx, also known as neratinib, is prescribed to reduce the risk of recurrence in certain cases of early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. It works by blocking multiple pathways that contribute to cancer growth.
Understanding HER2 in breast cancer allows for precise diagnosis, helping doctors tailor treatment plans to the individual needs of each patient.
This is not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before making any medical decisions. |
Gigabit Ethernet- Transforming Data Transfer with Lightning Speed
Gigabit Ethernet, a transformative network technology, has revolutionized the speed and efficiency of data transfer. With its lightning-fast speeds and wide-ranging applications, Gigabit Ethernet has become an essential backbone for modern networks. This article delves into the various aspects of Gigabit Ethernet, exploring its impact on enterprise networks, data centers, and beyond.
Unleashing the Power of High-Speed Connectivity
Gigabit Ethernet operates at a blazing-fast speed of 1 gigabit per second (Gbps), which is 10 times faster than traditional Fast Ethernet. This immense bandwidth empowers networks with the ability to handle vast amounts of data with unprecedented speed and reliability. High-resolution videos, multimedia content, and large file transfers can now be transmitted seamlessly, unlocking new possibilities for real-time applications and data-intensive processes.
Transforming Enterprise Networks
Gigabit Ethernet has become indispensable for modern enterprise networks. Its high speed and low latency enable organizations to streamline communication, enhance productivity, and improve response times. Collaboration tools, video conferencing, and cloud-based applications now perform optimally, allowing businesses to operate efficiently and effectively. The increased bandwidth also supports the growing number of connected devices and data-hungry applications within enterprise environments.
Revolutionizing Data Centers
Data centers are the heart of modern computing ecosystems. Gigabit Ethernet has transformed these facilities by providing the necessary connectivity for handling massive data volumes. Its high capacity enables the rapid deployment and scaling of virtual machines and cloud services. Additionally, Gigabit Ethernet enhances storage performance, allowing data to be accessed and retrieved at lightning-fast speeds, streamlining data management operations.
Empowering Healthcare and Healthcare
In healthcare, Gigabit Ethernet is essential for enabling real-time data transfer, enhancing patient care. It supports high-resolution imaging, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring, enabling healthcare providers to access and share critical data instantaneously. The increased bandwidth also facilitates the seamless integration of medical devices, medical records, and electronic health records, improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
Gigabit Ethernet has transformed data transfer with its lightning speed and unmatched reliability. Its widespread adoption has revolutionized enterprise networks, empowered data centers, enhanced healthcare delivery, and opened up new possibilities for innovation. As the demand for data connectivity continues to grow, Gigabit Ethernet will undoubtedly play an even more critical role in powering the future of data transfer. |
Ray BodreyAgent II-(CED)UF/IFAS Extension Gulf CountyWewahitchka
Introduction: Gulf County is a rural, ocean-facing county in the Panhandle of Florida, known for its great outdoors. This area is home to a pristine bay system, St. Joesph Bay, and is outlined partially by maritime forest habitat. Despite abundant natural resources, there are very few youth-focused educational opportunities built upon conservation, environmental sustainability and stewardship content. Those most in need of—and likely to experience a lasting impact from—sustainability outreach are our youth (Chawla, 1998; Schusler, Krasny, Peters, & Decker, 2009). Therefore, UF/IFAS Extension County Agents planned, implemented and evaluated a day-long camp to educate youth about their local natural environment.
Methods: Utilizing feedback from our Overall Extension Advisory Committee and interest from the community, a day camp focusing on area flora and fauna was designed. The St. Joseph Bay State Buffer & Aquatic Preserve was the host location of the event. A morning session involved classroom lecture and live demonstrations. Florida Sea Grant Agents educated the youth on bay scallops and seagrass habitat, as well as amphibians and reptiles found in the area. A local sea turtle conservation group taught about sea turtles in the area, their nesting strategy and migration pattern and how they protect and foster sea turtles around the bay. Afternoon programming consisted of a guided tram tour of the maritime forest. Topics included native and rare plant identification, archeological resources, and forest management practices, such as prescribe burning. A kayak safety lesson and short paddle tour of the bay concluded the day.
Results: Ten participants were surveyed using a pre/post-test method with seven questions/true and false statements. Survey topics included, reptile anatomy, scallop biology, seagrass habitat and sea turtle species identification. Pretest results yielded a collective 44% correct response rate (31/70), whereas the post-test garnered a 74% correct response rate (52/70). This equates to a 60% positive change in knowledge gained.
Conclusion: Youth day camps focusing on the natural environment can result in a better understanding of conservation, with increased knowledge, and can change attitudes and behavior. Experiences such as this increase youth conservation awareness and promote environmental stewardship behaviors.
Poster has NOT been presented at any previous NACAA AM/PIC
This poster is being submitted only for display at AM/PIC. Poster is not to be judged, but the abstract will be published in the proceedings.
A poster file has not been provided
© 2024 National Association of County Agricultural Agents (NACAA) |
Exploring the Advantages of Synthetic Resin Roofing Tiles for Your Home
Synthetic resin roofing tiles offer numerous advantages over traditional roofing materials, and more and more construction companies are beginning to take notice of this emerging trend. These tiles are lightweight, durable, and can be manufactured in a variety of colors and styles. Additionally, they are resistant to fire, wind, and hail, making them an attractive choice for homeowners and business owners alike.
One company at the forefront of this industry is [remove brand name], who specializes in the production of synthetic resin roofing tiles. Their products have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their superior quality and cost-effectiveness. The company prides itself on its advanced technological capabilities, as well as its commitment to environmental sustainability.
According to the company, their synthetic resin tiles are produced using modern manufacturing processes that help to reduce waste and energy consumption. Additionally, the tiles are recyclable, making them an eco-friendly option for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint.
The unique properties of synthetic resin roofing tiles make them an ideal solution for a variety of construction projects. They are versatile enough to be used on both residential and commercial buildings, and are suitable for both new construction and renovation projects. Additionally, their lightweight design means they can be installed more easily and quickly than traditional roofing materials, which can save time and money for contractors and building owners.
One major advantage of synthetic resin roofing tiles is their resistance to weather damage. Traditional roofing materials such as asphalt shingles, clay tiles, and metal roofs are all susceptible to damage from high winds, hail, and heavy rain. Synthetic resin tiles, on the other hand, have been engineered to withstand harsh weather conditions, making them a more durable and long-lasting option.
Another benefit of synthetic resin tiles is their energy efficiency. They are designed to reflect light and heat, which can help to reduce energy consumption and lower utility bills. This is particularly beneficial in hot, sunny climates where air conditioning costs can be a major expense.
Synthetic resin roofing tiles are also available in a wide range of colors and styles, making them a customizable option for homeowners and business owners. Some companies, like [remove brand name], offer tiles that mimic the appearance of traditional roofing materials such as slate or clay tiles, which can provide a more classic look without the maintenance requirements of those materials.
As the construction industry continues to evolve, synthetic resin roofing tiles are poised to become an increasingly popular choice for contractors and building owners. Their durability, energy efficiency, and customizable design make them an attractive option that can help to reduce costs and improve the overall quality of a building. With their commitment to sustainability and technological innovation, companies like [remove brand name] will play a key role in advancing this emerging trend and leading the way for the construction industry of the future.
Company News & Blog
Top PVC Plastic Roof Tiles to Enhance Your Roofing Solutions
PVC Plastic Roof Tile: A Sustainable Solution for Durable and Cost-Effective Roofing[Company Name], a leader in the construction materials industry, is proud to introduce its innovative PVC Plastic Roof Tile, a breakthrough in roofing technology. Made from high-quality PVC plastic, these roof tiles offer a sustainable solution for homeowners and businesses looking for a durable and cost-effective roofing option.The demand for environmentally friendly construction materials has been increasing, with more individuals and businesses striving to reduce their carbon footprint. Traditional roofing materials like concrete and clay tiles, while long-lasting, can have adverse effects on the environment due to their production process and high energy consumption.With the introduction of the PVC Plastic Roof Tile, [Company Name] aims to address these concerns by offering a roofing solution that is not only durable but also sustainable. PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a thermoplastic material known for its versatility and recyclability. By utilizing PVC plastic, [Company Name] ensures that the production of their roof tiles has a minimal impact on the environment.One of the key advantages of PVC Plastic Roof Tiles is their exceptional durability. Designed to withstand extreme weather conditions, including heavy rain, strong winds, and intense heat, these roof tiles provide long-term protection for any structure. Made from high-quality PVC, they are resistant to corrosion, warping, cracking, and fading, ensuring a long lifespan and reducing the need for frequent replacements.In addition to their durability, PVC Plastic Roof Tiles offer superior insulation properties. The thermal efficiency of these tiles helps regulate indoor temperatures, reducing energy consumption and maintaining a comfortable environment year-round. This translates into cost savings for homeowners and businesses, as less energy is required for heating or cooling purposes.Furthermore, PVC Plastic Roof Tiles are lightweight, making them easy to install and transport. Their interlocking system ensures a tight fit, preventing leaks and ensuring a secure roof structure. This not only saves time and labor during installation but also reduces the risk of potential damage to the building.An equally important feature of PVC Plastic Roof Tiles is their low maintenance requirements. Unlike traditional roof tiles that may need frequent cleaning, resealing, or painting, these plastic tiles require minimal upkeep. Regular inspections and occasional cleaning are all that is needed to keep them in excellent condition, saving homeowners and businesses both time and money on maintenance costs.As sustainability and aesthetics often go hand in hand, PVC Plastic Roof Tiles are available in a wide range of colors and designs. This allows individuals to choose a roofing solution that complements the overall style of their building, enhancing its curb appeal without compromising on quality or environmental impact.[Company Name], with its years of experience and expertise in the construction industry, is dedicated to providing state-of-the-art solutions that meet the evolving needs of its customers. The introduction of PVC Plastic Roof Tiles represents the company's commitment to sustainability, durability, and affordability.By offering a roofing option that is eco-friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective, [Company Name] hopes to contribute to a greener future for the construction industry. With the PVC Plastic Roof Tile, individuals and businesses can enjoy peace of mind, knowing that they have made a sustainable choice without compromising on performance or aesthetics.
Plastic Roof Tiles with Spanish Style Available on the Market
Title: Spanish-Inspired Plastic Roof Tiles: A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Roofing SolutionIntroduction:In an ever-evolving world, sustainability and cost-effective solutions have become paramount. In a bid to address these pressing concerns, Company X has introduced a revolutionary new product — Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles. Inspired by the architectural beauty of Spain, these eco-friendly tiles offer a durable, aesthetically pleasing, and economically viable alternative to traditional roofing materials. As we delve deeper into the features, benefits, and potential impact of these innovative roof tiles, homeowners and builders alike are set to benefit from this game-changing product.1. Aesthetic Appeal:Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles replicate the charm and elegance of traditional terracotta or clay tiles, enriching the overall aesthetics of any structure. With their distinctive S-profile, these tiles bring a touch of timeless elegance to both contemporary and classic designs. The variety of colors and finishes available allows homeowners and builders to personalize the roof to suit their preferences.2. Durability and Longevity:Company X's Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles are manufactured using top-quality, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and ultra-violet (UV) stabilizers. These materials ensure superior resistance to extreme weather conditions, including heavy rains, strong winds, and intense sunlight. The tiles' robust design guarantees exceptional durability, preventing cracks, warping, or general wear and tear over time. Homeowners can rest assured that their investment will stand the test of time.3. Energy Efficiency:The unique composition of Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles incorporates thermal insulation properties that contribute to energy savings. The tiles' design effectively reduces heat transfer, keeping interiors cooler during hot summers and minimizing the need for excessive air conditioning. By reducing energy consumption, homeowners can enjoy lower utility bills while simultaneously decreasing their carbon footprint.4. Lightweight and Easy Installation:Unlike traditional roofing materials such as clay or concrete tiles, Company X's plastic roof tiles are significantly lighter. Their lightweight nature simplifies transportation and makes installation easier and faster. This advantage not only translates into reduced labor costs but also reduces the risks associated with lifting heavy loads. Furthermore, the interlocking mechanism of the tiles ensures hassle-free alignment, reducing installation errors and saving time for contractors.5. Environmentally Friendly Solution:Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles contribute to a greener future due to their eco-friendly composition. These tiles are made from recycled and recyclable materials, reducing the overall carbon footprint of construction projects. Additionally, their extended lifespan reduces the demand for replacement materials, further curbing waste generation. Company X's commitment to sustainability has made these roof tiles an excellent choice for environmentally conscious individuals and companies.6. Cost-Effective Solution:In comparison to traditional roofing materials, Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles offer significant cost savings. Their lower initial cost, coupled with reduced installation expenses, makes them an affordable alternative for homeowners and builders. Moreover, the long-term durability and minimal maintenance requirements of these tiles translate to additional savings over the lifespan of the roof. This cost-effectiveness extends to renovation projects, where the lightweight nature of the tiles eliminates the need for structural reinforcements, reducing overall expenses.Conclusion:Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles from Company X are a revolutionary roofing solution that combines aesthetic appeal with environmental consciousness and cost-effectiveness. The durability, energy efficiency, and ease of installation make these tiles an ideal choice for homeowners and contractors seeking sustainable and budget-friendly options. By embracing innovation and incorporating sustainable practices into their product range, Company X is not only driving change within the roofing industry but also contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.
Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Plastic Roof Tiles Gain Popularity in the Market
PVC Plastic Roof Tile Revolutionizes the Roofing IndustryInnovation continues to drive the development of new products and solutions across various industries, and the roofing sector is no exception. One such groundbreaking invention is the PVC Plastic Roof Tile, a game-changer that is revolutionizing the way roofs are built and maintained. The introduction of this cutting-edge product has made a significant impact on the roofing industry, offering a durable, affordable, and sustainable alternative to traditional roofing materials.PVC Plastic Roof Tile, which need remove the brand name to adhere to the guidelines, is a synthetic roofing material made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Derived from a unique blend of compound materials, this innovative tile is engineered to withstand harsh weather conditions, providing exceptional durability and longevity. With excellent resistance to UV rays, extreme temperatures, and heavy rainfall, PVC Plastic Roof Tile offers unparalleled protection for residential and commercial buildings alike.One of the key advantages of PVC Plastic Roof Tile is its affordability. Compared to traditional roofing materials such as asphalt or clay tiles, PVC Plastic Roof Tile is significantly more cost-effective. Its manufacturing process is less complicated, which translates into reduced production costs. Moreover, the lightweight nature of PVC Plastic Roof Tile simplifies transportation and installation, further contributing to its affordability.While affordability is crucial, sustainability is an increasingly important factor in decision-making processes. PVC Plastic Roof Tile checks this box as well by offering an environmentally friendly option for roofing needs. Made from recyclable materials, PVC Plastic Roof Tile helps reduce waste accumulation and minimizes the extraction of natural resources. Furthermore, the lifespan of these tiles exceeds that of traditional materials, reducing the frequency of replacements and landfill contribution.The company behind the PVC Plastic Roof Tile, {}, has been a frontrunner in the roofing industry for several decades. Recognizing the need for a durable and sustainable roofing solution, they invested heavily in research and development, resulting in the creation of this groundbreaking product. Their commitment to innovation and quality has made them a trusted name in the industry, with a track record of delivering exceptional roofing solutions.{Company Name} prides itself on its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility, equipped with advanced machinery and technology. This allows them to ensure strict quality control measures while also optimizing production efficiency. The company's highly skilled team of engineers and technicians work tirelessly to maintain the highest standards of product excellence, resulting in PVC Plastic Roof Tile's superior performance and durability.With a focus on customer satisfaction, {Company Name} also provides prompt and reliable technical support to ensure a smooth installation process for their customers. By offering comprehensive training and assistance, they empower contractors and builders to effectively utilize PVC Plastic Roof Tile, enhancing overall efficiency and reducing construction timeframes.The introduction of PVC Plastic Roof Tile has undoubtedly disrupted the roofing industry, setting new standards for durability, affordability, and sustainability. Its combination of advanced technology, excellent weather resistance, and eco-friendly properties make it an attractive choice for a wide range of roofing applications.As awareness about sustainable practices continues to grow, PVC Plastic Roof Tile provides a vital solution that aligns with environmental concerns. Its long lifespan, recyclable materials, and reduced carbon footprint make it an ideal choice for eco-conscious consumers and businesses alike. Additionally, its affordability and ease of installation make it accessible for a wider audience, contributing to its popularity in the market.In conclusion, PVC Plastic Roof Tile is a remarkable innovation that has transformed the roofing industry. With its durability, affordability, and sustainability, it is setting new benchmarks for roofing materials. The commitment, expertise, and cutting-edge technology employed by {Company Name} have made them a leader in this industry. As more individuals and businesses recognize the benefits of PVC Plastic Roof Tile, its adoption will continue to grow, ultimately reshaping the way roofs are built and maintained.
Exploring the Advantages of Synthetic Resin Roofing Tiles for Your Home
Synthetic Resin Roofing Tiles Gaining Traction in the Construction IndustrySynthetic resin roofing tiles offer numerous advantages over traditional roofing materials, and more and more construction companies are beginning to take notice of this emerging trend. These tiles are lightweight, durable, and can be manufactured in a variety of colors and styles. Additionally, they are resistant to fire, wind, and hail, making them an attractive choice for homeowners and business owners alike.One company at the forefront of this industry is [remove brand name], who specializes in the production of synthetic resin roofing tiles. Their products have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their superior quality and cost-effectiveness. The company prides itself on its advanced technological capabilities, as well as its commitment to environmental sustainability.According to the company, their synthetic resin tiles are produced using modern manufacturing processes that help to reduce waste and energy consumption. Additionally, the tiles are recyclable, making them an eco-friendly option for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint.The unique properties of synthetic resin roofing tiles make them an ideal solution for a variety of construction projects. They are versatile enough to be used on both residential and commercial buildings, and are suitable for both new construction and renovation projects. Additionally, their lightweight design means they can be installed more easily and quickly than traditional roofing materials, which can save time and money for contractors and building owners.One major advantage of synthetic resin roofing tiles is their resistance to weather damage. Traditional roofing materials such as asphalt shingles, clay tiles, and metal roofs are all susceptible to damage from high winds, hail, and heavy rain. Synthetic resin tiles, on the other hand, have been engineered to withstand harsh weather conditions, making them a more durable and long-lasting option.Another benefit of synthetic resin tiles is their energy efficiency. They are designed to reflect light and heat, which can help to reduce energy consumption and lower utility bills. This is particularly beneficial in hot, sunny climates where air conditioning costs can be a major expense.Synthetic resin roofing tiles are also available in a wide range of colors and styles, making them a customizable option for homeowners and business owners. Some companies, like [remove brand name], offer tiles that mimic the appearance of traditional roofing materials such as slate or clay tiles, which can provide a more classic look without the maintenance requirements of those materials.As the construction industry continues to evolve, synthetic resin roofing tiles are poised to become an increasingly popular choice for contractors and building owners. Their durability, energy efficiency, and customizable design make them an attractive option that can help to reduce costs and improve the overall quality of a building. With their commitment to sustainability and technological innovation, companies like [remove brand name] will play a key role in advancing this emerging trend and leading the way for the construction industry of the future.
Colombia's Traditional Spanish Roof Tile in High Demand for Residential Properties
Colombia Introduces Innovative Spanish Roofing SolutionColombia, one of the leading countries in Latin America's construction industry, has recently welcomed a groundbreaking roofing solution to its market. Developed by a renowned Spanish manufacturer, this innovative roof tile is set to revolutionize the country's construction sector. With its superior quality and advanced features, this product is expected to be in high demand among builders and homeowners alike.Manufactured by a company specializing in roofing solutions, this Spanish-inspired tile offers numerous benefits over traditional roofing materials. With its unique design and advanced technology, it promises increased durability, weather resistance, and optimal energy efficiency. Its introduction marks a significant step forward in the Colombian construction sector's quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.Featuring a sleek and elegant profile, this new roof tile adds a touch of sophistication to any architectural design. Additionally, its innovative composition ensures higher resistance to severe weather conditions, such as strong winds, heavy rains, and extreme temperatures. This added durability makes it a perfect choice for Colombia's varied climate, where regions experience both tropical rainforest and cooler highland weather patterns.Moreover, the enhanced insulation properties of this Spanish roof tile contribute to reducing energy consumption within buildings. By effectively regulating temperature, it helps maintain a comfortable indoor environment throughout the year, thus reducing the reliance on artificial heating or cooling systems. This not only decreases energy expenditure but also helps to mitigate environmental impact.The Spanish roof tile's installation process is simple, making it an attractive choice for builders and roofing contractors. Its interlocking design ensures seamless integration, resulting in a clean and uniform finish. This ease of installation saves time and labor costs, making it a highly efficient option for construction projects of various scales.The product's long lifespan further emphasizes its economic and environmental benefits. Made of premium quality materials, the roof tile withstands the test of time and requires minimal maintenance. This longevity translates into long-term cost savings for homeowners, as they can avoid frequent repairs or replacements associated with traditional roofing materials.Furthermore, the Spanish roof tile contributes to Colombia's commitment to sustainability and eco-conscious practices. Its manufacturing process includes responsible sourcing of materials, as well as adherence to stringent quality control standards. The tile is also recyclable, reducing waste generation and promoting a circular economy.The introduction of this revolutionary roofing solution in Colombia has sparked excitement among industry professionals. Builders and architects are eager to incorporate this innovative product into their designs, recognizing its potential to elevate the country's construction standards while contributing to environmental preservation.Recognizing the significance of this market opportunity, local distributors and retailers have partnered with the Spanish manufacturer to ensure widespread availability. Construction companies and contractors across the country now have easy access to this advanced roofing solution, guaranteeing its seamless integration into various projects.As the demand for sustainable and high-quality construction materials continues to grow, Colombia's construction sector is poised for a significant transformation. The introduction of this Spanish roof tile sets a new standard for excellence, durability, and environmental consciousness. With its many advantages, this product is destined to become the preferred choice in roofing solutions throughout the country.In conclusion, the arrival of this Spanish roof tile in Colombia represents a new era in the country's construction industry. Delivering superior quality, durability, energy efficiency, and sustainability, this innovative product is set to revolutionize roofing practices. As Colombia continues to prioritize sustainable development, this groundbreaking solution will play a pivotal role in shaping the industry's future.
Affordable and Durable Spanish Tile Roofs Now Available in Plastic Materials
Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles Revolutionize the Roofing Industry[Company Name], a leading innovator in the construction materials industry, has launched its latest breakthrough product, Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles. These cutting-edge tiles offer a sustainable roofing solution that combines beauty, durability, and environmental consciousness.Roofing is an essential component of any building, providing protection and insulation against the elements. Traditional roofing materials, such as concrete tiles or asphalt shingles, have been widely used for centuries. However, they come with several drawbacks, including limited durability, high maintenance costs, and negative environmental impact.Recognizing these challenges, [Company Name] has dedicated years of research and development to create an alternative roofing solution - Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles. Made from a high-performance polymer blend, these tiles replicate the classic, elegant look of traditional Spanish tiles, all while being lightweight and eco-friendly.One of the key advantages of Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles is their exceptional durability. Unlike concrete or clay tiles that can crack or break under extreme weather conditions, these plastic tiles are impact-resistant and can withstand heavy rains, strong winds, and extreme temperatures. This outstanding durability ensures a longer lifespan for the roof, reducing maintenance and replacement costs for homeowners and building owners.Moreover, Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles are incredibly lightweight, making them easier to transport, handle, and install. This not only simplifies the installation process but also reduces the overall structural load on buildings. The lightweight nature of the tiles also allows for improved energy efficiency by minimizing the strain on the building's foundation.In addition to their practical advantages, these innovative roof tiles contribute to a greener future. By utilizing plastic waste as the main raw material, [Company Name] actively participates in the global movement towards a circular economy. The production of these tiles helps divert millions of pounds of plastic waste from landfills, reducing environmental pollution and conserving natural resources.Furthermore, Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles boast impressive energy-saving features. The tiles are designed with enhanced insulation properties, effectively reducing heat transfer between the roof and the interior space. By minimizing heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter, these tiles can significantly cut down on energy consumption for cooling and heating, ultimately lowering carbon emissions.[Company Name] offers a range of color options for their Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles, ensuring that customers can find the perfect fit for their architectural style. Whether it's a traditional Spanish villa, a modern residential building, or a commercial complex, these tiles add an elegant and timeless touch to any structure.The introduction of Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles by [Company Name] marks a milestone in the roofing industry. With their exceptional durability, lightweight design, and eco-friendly composition, these tiles are positioned to revolutionize the way roofs are built. By embracing innovation and sustainable practices, [Company Name] paves the way for a more resilient and environmentally conscious future in construction.In conclusion, Plastic Spanish Roof Tiles offer an attractive and sustainable alternative to traditional roofing materials. With their exceptional durability, lightweight nature, and environmental advantages, these tiles are poised to change the game for roof construction. Through their commitment to innovation and sustainability, [Company Name] continues to lead the way in revolutionizing the construction materials industry.
Discover the Eco-Friendly Solution: Plastic Roof Tiles for Spanish-Inspired Homes
Plastic Spanish Roof Tile: A Sustainable and Durable Alternative to Traditional Roofing MaterialsA new player in the roofing industry has caught the attention of homeowners and builders across the country - Plastic Spanish Roof Tile. This innovative roofing material ticks all the boxes for sustainability, durability, and affordability, making it a top choice for those looking to upgrade or replace their roofs.Made from high-quality recycled plastic, this roofing product offers a cost-effective solution for those who want to reduce their environmental impact without sacrificing quality. According to the company, their roof tiles are capable of withstanding extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain, strong winds, and even hailstones."Our Plastic Spanish Roof Tile is designed to last for decades, while also being 100% recyclable at the end of its useful life," said a spokesperson for the company. "By choosing our roofing material, homeowners and builders can do their part in reducing waste and promoting sustainability in the construction industry."But what sets this roofing product apart from other sustainable options in the market is its aesthetic appeal. The Plastic Spanish Roof Tile mimics the look of traditional clay or concrete tiles but with added benefits, such as lightweight and easy installation. Homeowners can choose from a variety of colors and styles, making it easy to match the existing architecture and design of their homes.Furthermore, the Plastic Spanish Roof Tile requires minimal maintenance, which means that homeowners can save on repair costs in the long run. This eco-friendly roofing material is resistant to mold, mildew, and insect infestations, making it a sustainable choice for those who want to improve their indoor air quality.The company behind the Plastic Spanish Roof Tile is committed to sustainable practices, and this extends beyond their product offerings. They utilize eco-friendly manufacturing processes that minimize waste and reduce energy consumption. Additionally, they partner with local recycling facilities to ensure that their products are disposed of responsibly."We believe that our responsibility extends beyond providing a sustainable roofing solution,'' said the spokesperson. "We want to promote sustainable living in all aspects of our business operations and inspire others to do the same."The Plastic Spanish Roof Tile has already gained traction in the construction industry, with builders and contractors praising its ease of installation and durability. Due to its lightweight nature, this roofing product is ideal for new construction projects and roof replacements with minimal structural support. It can even be installed over existing asphalt shingles or metal roofs, reducing the need for costly and time-consuming tear-offs.Overall, the Plastic Spanish Roof Tile has redefined the traditional roofing industry by offering a sustainable, durable, and cost-effective alternative to clay or concrete tiles. With its aesthetic appeal, eco-friendly manufacturing process, and long-lasting performance, this roofing material is a smart investment for homeowners who want to reduce their environmental footprint without compromising on quality. The revolution in the roofing industry has arrived, and Plastic Spanish Roof Tile is leading the way towards a more sustainable future.
Plastic Roof Tiles with Spanish Style: Durable and Attractive
Title: Revolutionary Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile Sets New Standard in Durability and SustainabilityIntroduction:In a revolutionary stride towards sustainable and durable roofing solutions, an esteemed company has developed a groundbreaking Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile. This innovative product not only showcases exemplary durability and longevity but also significantly contributes to environmental conservation. By merging traditional Spanish aesthetics with state-of-the-art plastic technology, this alternative roofing solution is set to revolutionize the industry.At the forefront of innovation, this company has always prioritized creating sustainable products that reduce the ecological impact of construction. With their latest Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile, they have once again demonstrated their commitment to environmental preservation and customer satisfaction.I. The Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile: Durability RefinedThe Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile is a revolutionary roofing material that combines the elegance of traditional Spanish tiles with the unmatched durability of modern plastics. Constructed from high-density polyethylene, these tiles excel in strength, resist physical impact, and are resistant to extreme weather conditions. Instead of fragile clay tiles or deteriorating asphalt shingles, these plastic roof tiles offer superior longevity, with an estimated lifespan exceeding 50 years. This unrivaled durability eliminates the need for frequent replacements, reducing construction waste and long-term maintenance costs.II. Sustainability at Its CoreThe company's commitment to ecological preservation shines through in the Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile's sustainable design. By using recycled plastics as the primary material, it reduces overall plastic waste and supports the circular economy model, encouraging greater material reuse and reducing environmental damage.Additionally, the manufacturing process for these tiles significantly reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional roofing materials. Users can enhance the eco-efficiency of their buildings while enjoying the charm of the Spanish architectural style.III. Aesthetics in HarmonyThe Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile's meticulous design pays homage to the timeless charm of traditional Spanish architecture. Each tile is crafted with precision to recreate the elegance and aesthetic appeal of classic Spanish roof tiles, ensuring a seamless integration into diverse architectural styles.Available in a variety of vibrant colors and finishes, these tiles offer countless design possibilities, allowing homeowners and architects to create visually stunning and distinct buildings. With this innovative product, property owners can enjoy both durability and beauty, complementing the architectural integrity of their surroundings.IV. Installation and Maintenance Made EasyThe ease of installation and low maintenance requirements further add to the appeal of these plastic roof tiles. Designed with a lightweight profile, they eliminate the need for complex structural reinforcements, simplifying installation and reducing costs associated with support structures.Moreover, the Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tiles' resistance to discoloration, cracking, and warping ensures that they retain their charm and functionality over an extended period. Routine maintenance becomes hassle-free, saving time, effort, and additional expenses.V. Endless Potential for Urban RedevelopmentThe introduction of the Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile envisions a future where dilapidated buildings in urban areas can be restored to their former glory, retaining their cultural heritage while embracing sustainable practices. The innovative nature of these tiles allows an eco-friendly transformation of roofs into visual masterpieces.Conclusion:With the introduction of the Spanish Style Plastic Roof Tile, this company has revolutionized the roofing industry, offering a cutting-edge solution that combines durability, sustainability, and timeless aesthetics. By incorporating recycled plastics and modern design techniques, the company has successfully mitigated environmental impact while meeting the growing demands of customers for sustainable roofing alternatives. It is undoubtedly a game-changer, transforming the way we approach architecture and urban redevelopment, one roof at a time.
How Synthetic Roof Tiles are Changing the Roofing Industry
Title: Revolutionary Synthetic Roof Tile Redefines Durability and SustainabilityIntroduction:In a groundbreaking move towards sustainable roofing solutions, an innovative company has unveiled its latest creation – a synthetic roof tile that promises to revolutionize the construction industry. Combining advanced technology with an unwavering commitment to environmental consciousness, the new synthetic roof tile offers homeowners and builders an unparalleled level of durability, longevity, and sustainability. This article will delve into the features and benefits of this remarkable product, examining the positive impact it is set to have on the future of roofing.1. Durability and Strength:The synthetic roof tile, developed by the pioneering company, is composed of a proprietary blend of innovative materials, resulting in exceptional durability. Rigorously tested to withstand extreme weather conditions, including hail and high winds, these tiles offer unparalleled resistance to cracking, loosening, and fading over time. This ensures that homeowners can enjoy decades of worry-free protection for their properties, even in the harshest of climates.Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting-edge technology enables the synthetic roof tile to retain its vibrant color over extended periods, making it aesthetically pleasing even after years of exposure to the elements. This durability and color retention significantly reduce maintenance and replacement costs while adding value and curb appeal to homeowners' properties.2. Environmental Sustainability:A significant advantage of the synthetic roof tile lies in its commitment to environmental sustainability. Manufactured using eco-friendly materials, these tiles are inherently recyclable and therefore contribute to the reduction of waste in the construction industry. By choosing this innovative roofing solution, homeowners can play an active role in promoting a greener future.Moreover, the synthetic roof tile is designed to reflect a substantial amount of solar heat, reducing energy consumption required for cooling homes. By minimizing the need for air conditioning during hot summer months, homeowners can enjoy lower energy bills while simultaneously reducing their carbon footprint. This advanced energy-efficient feature positions the synthetic roof tile as a pioneering solution in the fight against climate change.3. Ease of Installation and Maintenance:The synthetic roof tile's lightweight composition makes it significantly easier to handle and install compared to traditional roofing materials, resulting in reduced labor costs and installation times. Additionally, the tile's interlocking system allows for seamless integration, creating a watertight seal that offers superior protection against leaks and water damage. This ease of installation ensures that homeowners can enjoy a hassle-free construction process, free from unnecessary delays.Maintenance is also a breeze with this synthetic roof tile. Its resistance to algae growth and mold accumulation ensures that homeowners minimize the need for regular cleaning. The tile's durability against fading and cracking eliminates the requirement for frequent repairs or replacements, ultimately saving homeowners time and money.Conclusion:The debut of this revolutionary synthetic roof tile represents a significant advancement in the roofing industry. Its durability, strength, and vibrant aesthetic prove to be a game-changer for homeowners and builders alike, while also upholding a steadfast commitment to environmental sustainability. By opting for this innovative roofing solution, homeowners not only benefit from optimal protection and reduced maintenance costs but also actively contribute to a greener future. The synthetic roof tile is a testament to the company's relentless pursuit of excellence and innovation, reshaping the construction landscape one roof at a time.
Durable Plastic Roof Tiles Gain Popularity in Construction Industry
article discussing the benefits of Pvc roof tile in construction.The construction industry is always evolving, with new technologies and materials being developed to make buildings safer, more efficient and more durable. One such product that has been gaining popularity in recent years is PVC roof tiles. These tiles are made from polyvinyl chloride, a plastic that is lightweight, durable and affordable. They offer a range of benefits over traditional roofing materials, making them an attractive option for builders and homeowners alike.One company that has been leading the way in PVC roof tile production is (remove brand name), with a proven track record of producing quality roofing materials for both residential and commercial projects. According to company information, their PVC roof tiles are made using advanced technology and high-quality raw materials. This ensures that the tiles are not only remarkably weather-resistant but also remain intact and stable even under harsh weather conditions.One of the most significant advantages of PVC roof tiles is their lightweight nature. Compared to metal roofing or concrete tiles, PVC roof tiles weigh significantly less, making installation faster, easier, and less strenuous on the roof's structure. Additionally, as PVC roof tiles come with interlocking systems and square edges, they can be easily and accurately installed without the need for special tools or equipment.Another significant benefit of PVC roof tiles is their longevity. Due to the durability of the material, these tiles can last for decades, making them an affordable and sustainable roofing option. Unlike traditional roofing materials that may crack, warp or disintegrate with time, PVC roof tiles retain their shape and functionality throughout their lifespan. As they are highly resistant to moisture and ultraviolet rays, they do not deteriorate quickly and protect your home from dampness and water damage that may often occur in areas with heavy rainfall or high humidity.PVC roof tiles also offer excellent insulation properties. They can help to keep the temperature inside a building stable, reducing the need for heating or cooling systems, and thereby cutting down on electricity costs. This insulation factor also helps to keep the building quiet by reducing noise pollution from the outside world.In terms of aesthetics, PVC roof tiles are highly customizable. They come in various styles, colors, and textures, making it easier to match the style of the building or home. This feature enables builders or homeowners to have a much more extensive selection of designs to choose from.Furthermore, PVC roof tiles are eco-friendly as compared to metal or traditional tiles. They are made from recycled materials and are themselves recyclable, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills. This aspect makes them an ideal, sustainable and responsible roofing alternative for those who care about the environmental impact of construction.Another benefit of PVC roof tiles is their low maintenance requirements. Unlike other roofing materials that need frequent maintenance or repairs, PVC roof tiles hardly require maintenance. They do not corrode, rust, or rot. It is, therefore, possible to maintain their perfect condition with an annual inspection on the overall state of the roof.In conclusion, PVC roof tiles stand out as an excellent roofing solution for anyone looking for an attractive, durable, energy-efficient, and cost-effective roofing alternative. They offer significant advantages over traditional roofing options, making them an increasingly popular and widely used roofing solution in building construction. With the quality produced by leading manufacturers such as (remove brand name), there is no doubt that this trend will continue to grow, making PVC roof tiles an essential player in the modern construction industry. |
In the realm of modern manufacturing, advanced composite materials stand out as game-changers, offering a unique blend of properties that revolutionize various industries. From aerospace to automotive and beyond, these materials have become synonymous with strength, durability, and innovation. In this blog post, we'll delve into the properties and applications of advanced composite materials, shedding light on their immense potential and how manufacturers can leverage them to propel their businesses forward. Plus, we'll showcase how Swastikaa, a leader in composite materials manufacturing, can be your trusted partner in achieving manufacturing excellence.
Properties of Advanced Composite Materials:
Advanced composite materials are engineered materials that combine two or more distinct components to create a material with superior properties. Some key properties of advanced composite materials include:
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Advanced composites exhibit exceptional strength while being significantly lighter than traditional materials like metals. This property makes them ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical, such as aerospace and automotive industries.
Durability and Corrosion Resistance: Composites are inherently resistant to corrosion, making them suitable for harsh environments and outdoor applications. They offer long-term durability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing product lifespan.
Tailorable Mechanical Properties: The mechanical properties of advanced composites can be tailored according to specific application requirements. This flexibility allows manufacturers to design materials with precise stiffness, strength, and toughness characteristics.
Design Freedom: Composites offer designers unparalleled freedom in shaping and forming complex geometries. This design flexibility enables the creation of innovative and streamlined products, driving creativity and functionality.
Applications of Advanced Composite Materials:
The versatility of advanced composite materials has led to their widespread adoption across various industries. Some common applications include:
Aerospace and Aviation: Composite materials are extensively used in aircraft structures, including fuselage, wings, and tail sections. They offer significant weight savings, fuel efficiency improvements, and enhanced performance.
Automotive: The automotive industry utilizes composites in vehicle components such as body panels, chassis, and interiors. Composites contribute to fuel economy, crashworthiness, and design aesthetics in automobiles.
Wind Energy: Composite materials play a crucial role in the manufacturing of wind turbine blades. Their lightweight and durable nature make them ideal for capturing wind energy efficiently and reliably.
Marine: Composites are widely employed in marine applications, including boat hulls, decks, and superstructures. They offer resistance to corrosion, moisture, and fatigue, extending the lifespan of marine vessels.
Sports and Recreation: Composite materials are prevalent in sports equipment such as tennis rackets, golf clubs, and bicycles. They provide athletes with lightweight, high-performance gear that enhances their competitive edge.
Advanced composite materials represent a cornerstone of modern manufacturing, offering unmatched performance, durability, and design flexibility across diverse industries. As manufacturers strive for excellence and innovation, embracing advanced composites can be the key to staying ahead of the competition.
Visit our website at www.swastikaa.com to discover how we can help elevate your manufacturing business to new heights.
Embrace the power of advanced composite materials and unlock endless possibilities with Swastikaa! |
Hiking Trails on Rwenzori Mountains
The Rwenzori Mountain National Park is one of Africa's most beautiful and unique trekking destinations, taking you up through the 6 different vegetation zones at 680-1800 meters, Afromontane Forest zone at 1800m-2600 meters, Bamboo Forest Zone at 2600-2900 meters, heather Zone at 2900-4000 meters, Afro-alpine moorland zones at 4000-4500 meters, and rocky/glacier zone standing between 4500-5109 meters above sea level. The Rwenzori Mountains National Park covers approximately 100,000 ha in Southwestern Uganda and contains the majority of the Rwenzori mountain ranges, including Africa's third-highest peak (Margherita at 5,109 m).
The Rwenzori Mountains are a UNESCO World Heritage Site where tourists may see nature at its best. With stunning panoramas, the plant life extends from deep tropical rainforest to bamboo forests, montane cloud forests, and alpine flora.
Hiking Trails on Rwenzori Mountains
The Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda are Africa's third highest peak. Every year, many people from all over the world travel to Uganda to trek to the top of this mountain. Many tree and plant types, as well as flowers, may be found on the mountain. If you appreciate beautiful mountain scenery and trekking but lack expert mountaineering abilities, there are two pathways in the area that will provide you with a great Rwenzori experience without the daunting difficulty of conquering these mountains. There is something special about visiting the Rwenzori Mountains, and these two routes will provide you with all of the magnificent splendor of the region.
Central Circuit at Rwenzori Mountains
The Rwenzori Mountains' core circuit is the oldest and most popular path to the beautiful Margherita Peak on Mountain Rwenzori. The indigenous Bakonjo people that live surrounding the mountain maintain and administer it. The main reason it was deemed an appropriate path to the top is that, unlike other routes, the central circuit route is easier and less strenuous for inexperienced hikers.
It also has a lot to offer hikers, such as excellent views of all the other gateway peaks, such as Baker, Speke, and Stanley, as well as flora landscape, bird species, animal species, and primates, among other things. The ascent and descent of the mountain along this hiking trail is notable since hikers can transfer along several pathways, allowing hikers to explore and discover more of the mountain. Lodging along this route is provided in the form of wooden cottages at specific stations for all walkers.
Kilembe Trail
The Kilembe track is another alternative for hikers, albeit it is more difficult to reach Margherita Peak than the Central Circuit route. It is a difficult and challenging hike, thus it is not recommended for inexperienced hikers. It is challenging and quite steep, requiring trekkers to expend a lot of energy throughout the walk. It is a very beautiful trail to climb because of its remarkable beauty, and it allows hikers to explore more on the many routes they take as they ascend and descend the mountain.
The many hiking trails on the Rwenzori Mountains allow you to see the changing environment, which includes wooded areas, rocky areas, and boogy flora, as well as the pure countryside. Because of the difficult experience, this should be your path to Margherita Peak for all keen hikers. At various points along the mountain, you will sleep in huts.
Hiking Tours to Rwenzori Mountains
When is the Best time to visit the Rwenzori Mountains?
The Rwenzori Mountains are accessible all year. The primary tourist seasons are generally from July to October, followed by December to February. These months correspond to Uganda's dry season. Many visitors travel from June to October, as well as in December, for gorilla and chimp trekking, which they prefer to combine with a Rwenzori mountain hiking safari tour. The Rwenzori mountains are best climbed during the hottest and driest months.
The biggest concern is safety, since the hazards of climbing rise dramatically when the weather is bad. Rain, mud, snow, ice, and cold may be quite taxing on the body, especially if you are a first-time climber. There are two wet seasons: the long and brief rainy seasons. The lengthy rainy season starts in March and lasts until May. During the month of November, there is a brief rainy season. Please keep in mind that weather is unpredictable, thus these times will fluctuate from year to year. Rain can fall early or late, and it can be heavy or light.
When should I climb the Rwenzori Mountains?
July, August, and September are the most popular months for most individuals. The next favorable months are October, January, and February. These six months, including December, are considered the peak season for trekking expeditions on the Rwenzori. December, March, and June are shoulder season months. Finally, rain falls in April, May, and November. These three months are considered Rwenzori's low season, with many trip companies offering discounts.
Climbing the Rwenzori Mountains During the High Season.
The best part about climbing now is that you can stay dry the entire time. Yes, it can rain at any time of year, especially in the rainforest and moorlands, but the precipitation is normally light and sporadic. You will be more comfortable and have a more pleasurable climb to the mountain peak if you keep dry. In addition, during the dry season, the vistas are enhanced by bright and sunny skies. The negative is that there are many climbers on the paths, which might detract from the sensation of being on a large, solitary mountain. Unsurprisingly, most people prefer to climb during the dry season since the prospect of pleasant weather outweighs any concerns they may have about encountering other people on the mountain.
Climbing the Rwenzori Mountains During the Low Season.
Some visitors choose to climb the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda during the low season because they want to have the mountain to themselves. The mountain is quite vacant, and you may be the sole group at a campground. This is peaceful, and many people want isolation when they walk outside. Second, while it does rain often during the low season, it usually showers in the afternoon. With Rwenzori's hiking schedule, most of the trekking can be done in the mornings, minimizing time spent on the path while it rains.
What wildlife attractions can I see when climbing the Rwenzori Mountains?
The vegetation zones are home to 70 animal species and 177 bird species. Elephants, chimps, Rwenzori otters, and leopards are among the animals. Despite their presence, they are rarely observed due to the deep jungle. Primate species such as colobus (Angola and black-and-white versions are thought to exist), blue monkeys, and tiny antelope such as bushbucks are easier to see, as are uncommon reptiles such as the three-horned chameleon.
Some of the bird species here are Albertine Rift endemics, making the Rwenzoris an Important Birding Area (IBA). The greatest diversity is found in the montane forest where you may see the Rwenzori Turaco, Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo, Long-eared Owl, Handsome Francolin, Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater, Archers' Robin-chat, White-starred Robin, Rwenzori Batis, Montane Sooty Boubou, Lagden's Bush Shrike, Slender-billed Starling, Blue-headed Sunbird, Golden-winged Sunbird, Strange Weaver and several varieties of Barbets, Greenbuls, Apalises, IIladopsis, Flycatchers and Crimson wings.
What type of Mountain is Rwenzori?
The Rwenzori Mountains are a stiff, stony mountain range formed by tectonic activity responsible for the formation of the western rift valley. The Rwenzori Mountains have an ancient basement of diverse rocks that were extruded from adjacent plains by the time the western rift valley was formed.
Is there internet or Wi-Fi on Mount Rwenzori?
At the moment there are no internet services on the mountain, so hikers can only access internet once they reach the base of the mountain.
What accommodation options are found on Rwenzori Mountains?
During a Rwenzori hiking trip, lodging is practical yet pleasant. After a long journey, the creature amenities of a cheap lodge will feel lavish. The wooden shelters in the mountains are built to keep the worst of the weather out and to give room for storing items needed on various portions of the trek. The Rwenzori Mountains National Park's foothills are home to a variety of cozy resorts, hostels, and campgrounds that provide for suitable headquarters for your explorations.
Is it difficult to hike Mount Rwenzori?
The Rwenzori Mountains are one of the world's most thrilling and difficult mountain ranges to travel. A unique and enchanting realm of 996 square kilometers of fantasy vegetation, lakes, rocky outcrops, cliffs, towering glaciers, and snow-capped summits exists.
Do I need a guide to hike Mount Rwenzori?
Yes, if you are planning to hike Mount Rwenzori, you will definitely need the profession expertise of a Rwenzori guide who is well versed with most of the trails on the mountain.
Will altitude sickness be a concern when hiking Rwenzori Mountains?
If you suffer from altitude sickness, that should be a concern, but it should not deter you from taking on the task. Check up with your doctor and make sure you receive prescription altitude sickness medication.
Should I carry medicine for altitude sickness on Rwenzori Mountains?
Yes, if you suffer from altitude sickness, make sure to get prescribed medication from your doctor before embarking on your hiking safari to Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda.
Why are the Rwenzori Mountains referred to as Mountains of the Moon?
Mount Rwenzori, also known as the Mountains of the Moon, was named by Greek explorers as they sought to identify the source of the Nile. Diogenes, a merchant, said that the Nile's source was a group of mountains known to the locals as the Mountains of the Moon because of their snow-capped whiteness. About AD 150, the Alexandrine geographer Ptolemy dubbed the Rwenzoris the "Mountains of the Moon."
Why is Rwenzori Mountains snow-capped?
The Rwenzori Mountains are 5,109 meters high (16,761 feet). These mountains, along with Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro, are Africa's only perennially snowcapped peaks on the equator. Yet, the phrase "permanently" appears in quotation marks since global warming is steadily melting the Rwenzori Mountain glaciers. The snow-capped form of the Rwenzori Mountains is caused by decreasing air pressure increasing elevation. Because heated air expands and cools, rising air expands and cools. This procedure increases the quantity of moisture in the air. Greater moisture equals more rainfall, and more snow is formed at the very top of a mountain.
How long does it take to hike Rwenzori Mountains?
Low altitude treks generally last 2-4 days and do not exceed 4,000 meters. High altitude climbs span 4-12 days and take you to peaks over 4,000 meters.
How much luggage should I carry on a hike on Rwenzori Mountains?
You will need two bags for your Mount Rwenzori challenge hike: a backpack to carry your daily supplies and a duffel to contain the 15 kilos (33 pounds) that your own porter will carry for you. A duffel bag is recommended since it is easier for the porter to handle while carrying other bags.
What is the highest peak on Rwenzori Mountains?
Margherita Peak, at 5,109 meters, is the highest point on Mount Stanley in the Rwenzori Mountains and Africa's third-highest mountain. It is the gem in the crown of the high-altitude Rwenzori circuit, which begins in the lush woods of the foothills before climbing well above the sky to Margherita's frigid peak.
How to get to the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda?
If you take the road through Fort Portal, the travel from Kampala to Kasese will take around 7 and a half hours. While visiting the Rwenzori Mountains, it is suggested that visitors utilize 4×4 vehicles.
The city of Kasese is the closest built-up location to the Rwenzori Mountains. Kasese is easily accessible by air from Entebbe, with daily flights lasting slightly more than an hour. The road trip from Entebbe/Kampala through Fort Portal, on the other hand, takes 6-8 hours.
You may also fly from Entebbe to Kasese. The planes leave Entebbe at 7 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. every day, perfectly aligning with trek departures. Every day at 10:45 a.m. and 2:45 p.m., the return flight departs Kasese. The flight lasts roughly one hour. |
Umbrella bush facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Umbrella bush |
M. cardiophylla growing near the coast at Kalbarri | |
Scientific classification | |
Genus: |
Species: |
Melaleuca cardiophylla, commonly known as tangling melaleuca or umbrella bush is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the west and south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, prickly shrub with heart-shaped leaves, stamens that are joined in unusually long claw-like bundles, and distinctive, warty fruits.
Melaleuca cardiophylla is a shrub growing to a height of 3.5 m (10 ft). The leaves are arranged alternately with the stalk of the leaf attached to the underside of the leaf. They are 2–8.5 mm (0.08–0.3 in) long and 1.75–6.5 mm (0.07–0.3 in) wide with about 12 to 20 longitudinal veins and end in a point that is often sharp.
The flowers are arranged in groups of 1 to 5 along considerable lengths of the branches. The petals and sepals have edges that are almost transparent and the petals fall from the flower soon after it opens. The stamens are white or cream and arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle having the appearance of a claw. Flowering time is variable but is usually between August and January. The fruit are almost spherical, knobbly, woody capsules that are larger than those of most other melaleucas at about 10 mm (0.4 in) diameter.
Taxonomy and naming
Melaleuca cardiophylla was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from a specimen found "at Port Gregory by Augustus Oldfield". The specific epithet (cardiophylla) is from the Ancient Greek kardia (καρδία) meaning "heart" and phyllon (φύλλον) meaning "leaf", hence "with heart-shaped leaves".
Distribution and habitat
This melaleuca occurs in areas close to the coast between Perth, the Exmouth district and the Pilbara in the Carnarvon, Gascoyne, Geraldton Sandplains, Swan Coastal Plain and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in sand on limestone and sand dunes often in association with Eucalyptus species such as E. obtusiflora, E. oraria and E. zopherophloia.
Conservation status
Melaleuca cardiophylla is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. |
Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: ecological study based on all notified cases of hepatitis B in pregnant women through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - Sinan between 2009 and 2018. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection rates were calculated in all municipalities. Spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index for global data and local indicators of spatial association (Lisa) for the 5,570 municipalities. For trend analysis by State, the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model was used. Results: 15,253 pregnant women with HBV were reported. High detection rates were observed in the municipalities of São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68.96/1000 live births (LB)), Araguaiana-MT (68.18/1000 LB), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT (80, 00/1,000 LB), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 LB), Porto Mauá-RS (111, 11/1000 LB), in the respective bienniums. Moran (I) (I=0.056) showed a positive spatial association. In Lisa, 78 municipalities were included in the high-high cluster, 51.28% in the South region and 48 in the low-low cluster with 72.91% in the Southeast. There was an increasing trend in Maranhão (p=0.004) and Pernambuco (p=0.007) and a decrease in Mato Grosso (p=0.012), Paraná (p=0.031) and Santa Catarina (p=0.008). Conclusion: the detection of hepatitis B in pregnant women was observed in most Brazilian municipalities, with an increasing trend in two states and a decrease in three others.
Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico a partir de todos os casos notificados de hepatite B em gestantes pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - Sinan entre 2009 e 2018. Foram calculadas as taxas de detecção do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em todos os municípios. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e os indicadores locais de associação espacial (Lisa) para os 5.570 municípios. Para análise de tendências por Estado, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram notificadas 15.253 gestantes com HBV. Observou-se altas taxas de detecção nos municípios de São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68,96/1000 Nascidos vivos (NV)), Araguaiana-MT (68,18/1000 NV), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT(80,00/1.000 NV), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 NV), Porto Mauá-RS (111,11/1000 NV), nos respectivos biênios. Moran (I) (I=0,056) apresentou associação espacial positiva. No Lisa observou-se 78 municípios inserido no cluster alto-alto, sendo 51,28%na região Sul e 48 no cluster baixo-baixo com 72,91% no Sudeste. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Maranhão (p=0,004) e Pernambuco (p=0,007) e diminuição no Mato Grosso (p=0,012), Paraná (p=0,031) e Santa Catarina (p=0,008). Conclusão: Observou-se a detecção de hepatite B em gestantes na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, com tendência crescente em dois estados e diminuição em outros três.
Female , Pregnancy , Demography , Hepatitis B virus , Pregnant Women , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Notification , Ecological StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante.
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients.
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Corneal Transplantation/standards , Corneal Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Donor Selection/standards , Eye Banks/standards , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Serologic Tests/standards , Hepatitis B virus , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Disease Transmission, Infectious/legislation & jurisprudence , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data , Eye Banks/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/analysisABSTRACT
Background: Globally, 296 million people were infected by hepatitis B in 2019, with 1.1 million deaths. Africa is one of the endemic regions. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B remain pivotal to the biosafety of medical students. This study sought to determine the levels of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the predicting factors associated with this knowledge and awareness. The is with the aim of providing recommendations for improving and sustaining biosafety levels for medical and other health-related students of the University. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted amongst 528 randomly selected medical students of PUMS, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were interviewer-administered to collect socio-demographic information and participants' responses to questions on knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and relationships of socio-demographic characteristics and predictive factors with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B were tested using binary logistic regression analysis with p value for statistical significance set at <0.05. Results: A total of 528 students participated in the study, 202 (38.3%) males and 326 (61.7%) females. Most participants (296, 56.1%) were between 15-19 years of age with mean age of 19 ±2.43 years. The mean (±SD) of participants responses with good knowledge of hepatitis B was 249±121.5 while for good awareness, it was 181±88.3. The percentage average for good knowledge and good awareness was 47.2% and 34.2% respectively, with positive correlation between knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B (r=0.720, p<0.0001). Age was significantly associated with participants percentage average knowledge (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, p<0.0001) and awareness of hepatitis B (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.78-0.90, p=0.004). No other factor was significantly associated with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B except Ijaw tribe (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.24-0.66, p=0.034) and attendance of Federal Government College (OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.24-0.68, p=0.046). Conclusion: The percentage average good knowledge of 47.2% and awareness of 34.2% for hepatitis B in this study are low, although most participants in the study were between the ages of 15-19 years and in their first and second year of study. This gives room for improvement in knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B with progression in age and year of training. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B are central to the biosafety of medical students. It is recommended that the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) review the current medical school curriculum to increase the teaching of medical and health-related students that will impact more on knowledge and awareness of infectious diseases and infection prevention and control.
Male , Female , Schools, Medical , Awareness , Hepatitis B , Universities , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Introduction: since the introduction of the anti-HBV vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2005 in Cameroon, vaccination coverage has reached 99.0%. This coverage would indicate an increase the number of children immune to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and a decrease in susceptibility to HBV-infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the HBV vaccine on pediatric HBV-infection in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: this school based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016 among 180 children from Nkomo public school. The study population was stratified into two groups: vaccinated (n=95) versus (vs) unvaccinated (n=85). Screening for HBV biomarkers was done using a rapid panel test for detection (HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc) and anti-HBs titer using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were done using SPSS v. 22 with p ≥0.05 considered significant. Results: the mean age was 9.65 years. HBsAg (p=0.019) and anti-HBc (p=0.001) rates were detected in children aged ≥10 years and children aged < 10 years (95.95% [71/74]) were vaccinated vs 22.64% (24/106) for those aged ≥10 years (OR: 80.86; 95% CI: 23.36%-279.87%, p < 0.0001). According to anti-HBV vaccination status, HBsAg rate varied from [9.41% (8/85) to 1.05% (1/95), p=0.025], HBeAg rate varied from [2.35% (2/85) to 0% (0/95), p= 0.42] and anti-HBc rate ranged from [12.94% (11/85) to 2.10% (2/95), p= 0.011]. Conclusion: despite the variability of the anti-HBs titer, vaccination against HBV has a positive effect on the reduction of HBV infection in children in tropical settings such as Cameroon.
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B e AntigensABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: to identify the vaccination and serological status against hepatitis B among community health workers; to vaccinate against hepatitis B virus and to evaluate the immune response of susceptible workers. Method: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, through a self-administered questionnaire, checking of vaccination cards, and blood collection for testing of serological markers for hepatitis B. Phase II, cohort study carried out in vaccinated non-immune workers identified in phase I. They received one dose of vaccine (challenge dose) and serological testing. Results: a total of 109 workers participated in the study. Most had vaccination record (97; 89.0%) and vaccination completeness (75; 77.3%), while the isolated anti-HBs (Antibodies against hepatitis B virus) marker was detected in 78 (71.6%) workers. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus exposure was 8.2%. Of the ten non-immune vaccinated workers, after challenge dose, one remained susceptible. Conclusion: although most workers are vaccinated and show immunological response to hepatitis B, susceptibility after challenge dose was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to have a surveillance program of the vaccination situation and serological status for this virus, to promote these workers' safety.
Resumo Objetivo: identificar a situação vacinal e sorológica contra hepatite B entre agentes comunitários de saúde; vacinar contra o vírus da hepatite B e avaliar a resposta imunológica dos agentes susceptíveis. Método: fase I, estudo transversal e descritivo, entre agentes comunitários de saúde de uma capital da região Centro-oeste, por meio de questionário autoaplicável, conferência do cartão vacinal e coleta de sangue para testagem dos marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B. Fase II, estudo de coorte realizado em trabalhadores vacinados não imunes e identificados na fase I. Estes receberam uma dose da vacina (dose desafio) e teste sorológico. Resultados: participaram do estudo 109 agentes. A maioria tinha registro de vacinação (97; 89,0%) e completude vacinal (75; 77,3%), já o marcador anti-HBs (anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite B) isolado foi detectado em 78 (71,6%) agentes. A prevalência de exposição ao vírus da hepatite B foi de 8,2%. Dos dez agentes vacinados não imunes, após a dose desafio, um permaneceu susceptível. Conclusão: apesar da maioria dos trabalhadores estarem vacinados e apresentarem resposta imunológica para hepatite B, a suscetibilidade após a dose desafio foi identificada. Portanto, é necessário que haja um programa de vigilância da situação vacinal e estado sorológico para este vírus, para promover a segurança destes trabalhadores.
Resumen Objetivo: identificar la situación de la vacunación y serología contra la hepatitis B entre agentes comunitarios de la salud, vacunar contra el virus de la hepatitis B y evaluar la respuesta inmunológica de los agentes susceptibles. Método: fase I, estudio transversal y descriptivo, entre agentes comunitarios de la salud de una capital de la región centro oeste, por medio de cuestionario autoadministrado, verificación del carné de vacunación y extracción de sangre para comprobar los marcadores serológicos para la hepatitis B. Fase II, estudio de cohorte realizado en trabajadores vacunados no inmunes e identificados en la Fase I; estos recibieron una dosis de la vacuna (dosis de desafío) y realizaron el test serológico. Resultados: participaron del estudio 109 agentes. La mayoría tenía registro de vacunación (97; 89,0%) y de cobertura de vacunación (75; 77,3%); el marcador anti-HBs (Anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis B) aislado fue detectado en 78 (71,6%) de los agentes. La prevalencia de exposición al virus de la hepatitis B fue de 8,2%. De los diez agentes vacunados no inmunes, después de la dosis desafío, uno permaneció susceptible. Conclusión: a pesar de que la mayoría de los trabajadores estaban vacunados y presentaron respuesta inmunológica para la hepatitis B, la susceptibilidad, después de la dosis desafío, fue identificada. Por tanto, es necesario que exista un programa de vigilancia de la situación de vacunación y estado serológico para este virus, para promover la seguridad de estos trabajadores.
Humans , Hepatitis B virus , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Community Health Workers , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B AntibodiesABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo con el objetivo de caracterizar la infección por hepatitis B y C en pacientes seropositivos al VIH de la provincia Villa Clara, durante el período del 1 de enero de 1986 al 31 de diciembre de 2021. Esta coinfección se presentó con mayor frecuencia en pacientes adultos del sexo masculino de 60 años en adelante (22 casos, 18,48 %), seguido de pacientes con las edades 50-54 años (21, 17,64 %). Santa Clara fue el municipio de mayor prevalencia (25, 21%). Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron: la conducta sexual de riesgo (81 casos, 68,06%) y estado civil soltero (65, 54,62 %); predominó el nivel de escolaridad secundaria básica (53, 44,53 %); en la ocupación, amas de casa (42, 35,29 %) y desocupados (34, 28,57 %). En el 70,58 % de los casos, les fue diagnosticada la coinfección en el mismo año.
A retrospective, descriptive and observational study was carried out with the aim of characterizing hepatitis B and C infection in HIV seropositive patients in Villa Clara province from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 2021. This coinfection occurred more frequently in adult male patients, between 60 years and older (22 cases, 18.48%), followed by patients aged 50-54 years (21, 17.64%). Santa Clara was the municipality with the highest prevalence (25 cases, 21%). The associated risk factors were risky sexual behaviour (81 cases, 68.06%) and single marital status (65, 54.62%); secondary school level predominated (53, 44.53%); as well as, housewives (42, 35.29%) and unemployed people (34, 28.57%). The coinfection was diagnosed in 70.58% of the cases in the same year.
Hepatitis B , HIV , Hepatitis CABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus from the hepadnaviridae family, with worldwide distribution, and represents a serious global health problem. The pathology may have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, making it possible for serious outcomes to occur when overlapping viral types. This study sought to describe the levels of scientific evidence of research carried out on the topic, establishing a relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Content: integrative literature review, with searches performed in the databases of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scientific Electronic Library Online, with analysis centered on the description of the methodological design, and on the classification of the level of evidence. Conclusion: the scientific production on hepatitis B associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection corresponds mostly to studies with a low level of evidence. The selected publications presented limitations such as the occurrence of studies with a small number of samples, lack of subsidiary data of patients in treatment, and occurrence of non-randomized selection. The results suggest the need for further investigations for the purpose of technological improvement, identification of risk factors, therapeutic intervention, and advanced clinical investigation, in order to encourage evidence-based healthcare practices.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: a hepatite B é uma doença infectocontagiosa provocada por um vírus da família hepadnaviridae, com distribuição mundial, e representa um grave problema de saúde global. A patologia pode ter sido afetada pela pandemia de COVID-19, provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, sendo possível a ocorrência de desfechos graves na sobreposição entre os dos tipos virais. Este estudo buscou descrever os níveis de evidências científicas de pesquisas realizadas sobre o tema, estabelecendo relação entre a infecção por vírus da hepatite B e a infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Conteúdo: revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados do Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Scientific Electronic Library Online, com análise centrada na descrição do delineamento metodológico e na classificação do nível de evidência. Conclusão: a produção científica sobre hepatite B associada a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 corresponde majoritariamente a pesquisas com baixo nível de evidência. As publicações selecionadas apresentaram limitações, como a ocorrência de estudos com número reduzido de amostras, falta de dados subsidiários de pacientes em tratamento e ocorrência de seleção não randomizada. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de novas investigações para fins de incrementos tecnológicos, identificação de fatores de risco, intervenção terapêutica e investigação clínica avançada, de forma a fomentar práticas assistenciais em saúde baseadas em evidências.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivo: la hepatitis B es una enfermedad infecciosa contagiosa causada por un virus de la familia hepadnaviridae, de distribución mundial, y representa un grave problema de salud mundial. Su patología puede haberse visto afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19, provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, y son posibles desenlaces graves cuando se superponen tipos virales. Este estudio buscó describir los niveles de evidencia científica de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el tema, estableciendo una relación entre la infección por el virus de la hepatitis B y la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. Contenido: revisión integradora de la literatura, con búsquedas realizadas en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Scientific Electronic Library Online, con un análisis centrado en la descripción del diseño metodológico y en la clasificación del nivel de evidencia. Conclusión: la producción científica sobre la hepatitis B asociada a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 corresponde, en su mayoría, a investigaciones con bajo nivel de evidencia. Las publicaciones seleccionadas presentaron limitaciones como la ocurrencia de estudios con un número reducido de muestras, la falta de datos subsidiarios de los pacientes en tratamiento y la ocurrencia de selección no aleatoria. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de seguir investigando para mejorar la tecnología, identificar los factores de riesgo, intervenir terapéuticamente y realizar investigación clínica avanzada, con el fin de promover prácticas sanitarias basadas en la evidencia.(AU)
Humans , COVID-19 , Hepatitis B , CoinfectionABSTRACT
ntroducción: Las infecciones perinatales pueden transmi-tirse al feto y al recién nacido. Sífilis, VIH y hepatitis B deben tamizarse durante la gestación.Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia, prevalencia y manejo de sífilis, VIH y hepatitis B en el binomio madre/hijo. Comparar resultados con estadísticas oficiales.Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico, mediante revisión de historias clínicas del Sana-torio de la Cañada y Hospital Pasteur, Villa María, Córdoba. Período 01/12/2020 al 31/07/2021. Resultados: Se estudiaron 870 embarazos, la incidencia de sífilis materna fue 52,87/1000 embarazos, 76,1% de las gestantes eran menores de 30 años y hubo 41% de diag-nósticos tardíos. La incidencia de sífilis congénita fue de 18,3/1000 RN vivos. La incidencia de VIH materno fue de 6,89/1000 embarazos, 66,7% tenían menos de 30 años y el 77,7% tuvo carga viral indetectable al parto. El 100% de los RN expuestos fueron estudiados, todos con carga viral indetectable al nacimien-to. No hubo casos de hepatitis B.Conclusión: 6,3% de las embarazadas presentaron al me-nos una serología reactiva y el mayor porcentaje diagnós-tico se centró en menores de 30 años. La incidencia de sífilis congénita superó la provincial y nacional (18,3 vs. 1,18 vs. 1,14). El porcentaje de positividad de VIH materno superó al provincial. No hubo transmisión vertical de VIH al nacimiento. La prevalencia de hepatitis B fue menor a las oficiales
Introduction: Perinatal infections can be transmitted to the fetus and new-born. Syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis B must be monitored during pregnancy.Objective: To know incidence, prevalence and management of syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis B in the mother/child binomial. To compare results with official statistics.Materials and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, through the review of medical records from Sanatorio La Cañada and Hospital Pasteur in Villa Maria, Cordoba. Period 12/01/2020 to 07/31/2021.Results 870 pregnancies were studied, the incidence of maternal syphilis was 57.87/1000 pregnancies, 76.1% of pregnant women were under 30 years old, and there were 41% late diagnoses. The incidence of congenital syphilis was 18.3/1000 live newborns. The incidence of maternal HIV was 6.89/1000 pregnancies, 66.7% were women under 30 years old and 77.7% had undetectable viral load at birth. 100% of the exposed newborns were studied, all with undetectable viral load at birth. There were no cases of Hepatitis B.Conclusion: 6.3% of pregnant women presented at least one reactive serology and the highest diagnostic percentage was focused on those under 30 years old. The incidence of congenital syphilis exceeded the provincial and national data (18.3 vs 1.18 vs 1.14). The percentage of maternal HIV positivity was superior to the provincial one. There was no vertical transmission of HIV at birth. The prevalence of Hepatitis B was less than the official ones.
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Syphilis, Congenital/therapy , Prevalence , HIV/immunology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Hepatitis B/therapyABSTRACT
La vasculitis leucocitoclástica, también denominada angeitis cutánea leucocitoclástica, es la forma más común de vasculitis. Si bien la mayoría de los casos son idiopáticos, entre los agentes etiológicos que podemos nombrar se encuentran los agentes infecciosos, las enfermedades del tejido conectivos, las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos y las neoplasias solidas o hematológicas. Si bien los procesos infecciosos son una causa conocida de vasculitis leucocitoclástica, la infección por virus de Virus de hepatitis B (VHB) es muy infrecuente. Presentamos una mujer de 47 años, sin antecedentes patológicos previos, que consultó por artralgias en rodillas y tobillos, mialgias en gemelos y rash purpúrico con leve prurito en ambos miembros inferiores, de un mes de evolución. La biopsia cutánea de las lesiones de miembros inferiores fue compatible con vasculitis leucocitoclástica. La serología de hepatitis B fue positiva por lo que inició tratamiento antiviral con Tenofovir y Prednisona con buena evolución de sus lesiones cutáneas
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, also called leukocytoclastic cutaneous angiitis, is the most common form of vasculitis. Although most cases are idiopathic, etiologic agents include infectious agents, connective tissue diseases, drug hypersensitivity reactions, and solid or hematologic malignancies. Although infectious processes are a known cause of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is very rare. We present a 47-year-old woman, with no previous pathologic history, who consulted for arthralgias in the knees and ankles, myalgia's and purpuric rash with mild pruritus in both lower limbs, of one month evolution. Skin biopsy of lower extremity lesions was compatible with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Hepatitis B serology was positive, so she started antiviral treatment with tenofovir and prednisone with good evolution of her skin lesions
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Vasculitis/therapy , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/therapy , Hepatitis B/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: en México, las hepatitis virales son de notificación epidemiológica obligatoria, pero no existe un sistema especial de vigilancia. La información disponible se limita a la distribución por edad y sexo. Ante la alerta de casos de hepatitis aguda grave de etiología desconocida, en la Unión Europea el Consejo Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (CONAVE) alertó al Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) para la atención y vigilancia de estos casos. Desarrollo: la hipótesis más convincente sobre la etiología está relacionada con una respuesta inmunitaria exacerbada que es mediada por superantígenos relacionados con la proteína espiga del SARS-CoV-2, activados por una infección por adenovirus que desencadena una respuesta de linfocitos T que provoca apoptosis de hepatocitos. Con base en la presentación clínica (niños menores de 16 años, con diarrea, dolor abdominal, ictericia, vómito e hipertransaminasemia) se han diseñado definiciones operacionales para su identificación y notificación al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINAVE). Hasta junio del 2022, se han identificado 56 casos en México. Conclusiones: este brote de hepatitis representa un reto para el SINAVE. Es necesario incluir la identificación de adenovirus en el algoritmo diagnóstico de enfermedad respiratoria viral, implementar un sistema especial de vigilancia epidemiológica de hepatitis virales y sensibilizar a los profesionales sanitarios en el tema.
Introduction: In Mexico viral hepatitis requires mandatory epidemiological notification, but there is no special surveillance system. Available information is limited to distribution of cases by age and sex. Given the alert of cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in the European Union, the National Council for Epidemiological Surveillance (Consejo Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica) alerted the entire National Health System to care for and monitor these cases in Mexico. Development: The most convincing hypothesis is an exacerbated immune response mediated by superantigens related to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, activated by adenovirus infection that ends in a response of T lymphocytes that causes apoptosis of hepatocytes. Based on clinical presentation (children under 16 years of age, with diarrhoea, abdominal pain, jaundice, vomiting and increase in transaminases) the operational case definitions have been designed for their timely identification and notification to the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance (Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica). Until June 2022, 56 cases have been identified in Mexico. Conclusions: This hepatitis outbreak represents a challenge for the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance. It is necessary to include the identification of adenovirus in the diagnostic algorithm for viral respiratory disease, to implement a special epidemiological surveillance system for viral hepatitis, and to sensitize health professionals on this subject.
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis C/etiology , Hepatitis A/etiology , Hepatitis B/etiology , MexicoABSTRACT
A nivel mundial, 300 millones de personas están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). A pesar de que existe una vacuna que previene la infección y se dispone de tratamiento antiviral que suprime la replicación del virus, no hay cura aún. El principal problema que evita la recuperación total del paciente, incluso para aquel que recibe tratamiento, es la persistencia de dos formas del genoma viral en los hepatocitos: el ADN circular covalentemente cerrado (ADNccc), el cual se encuentra en forma de episoma y tiene la capacidad de replicarse, y las secuencias lineales subge-nómicas que se integran en el genoma humano, con potencial oncogénico. Hasta el momento se dispone de unos pocos biomarcadores para monitorear o predecir la progresión de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. Estos biomarcadores se detectan durante la infección, y son la base para la monitorización de la enfermedad y hacer un diagnóstico de la fase clínica de la infección. Recientemente han surgido nuevos biomarcadores como el antígeno relacionado con el core del virus de la hepatitis B (HBcrAg) y la detección del ARN del VHB, que parecen correlacionarse con los niveles transcripcionales del ADNccc, además, durante el tratamiento parecen ayudar a predecir la respuesta y podrían identificar aquellos a quienes se les puede suspender la terapia sin riesgo de recaída. En esta revisión, se describe la utilidad de los principales biomarcadores convencionales en hepatitis B, y se abordan los dos biomarcadores emergentes más estudiados que prometen evaluar el curso de la infección, al igual que determinar la progresión de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento.
Globally, 300 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although there is a vaccine that prevents infection and antiviral treatment that suppresses the replication of the virus, there is still no cure. The main problem that prevents the total recovery of the patient, even for those who recei-ve treatment, is the persistence of two forms of the viral genome in hepatocytes: covalently close circular DNA (cccDNA), which is in the form of an episome that has the ability to replicate, and linear subgenomic sequences that are integrated into the human genome, with oncogenic potential. Few biomarkers are currently available to monitor or predict disease progression and response to treatment. These biomarkers are detected during infection and are the basis for monitoring the di-sease and making a diagnosis of the clinical phase of the infection. New biomarkers have recently emerged, such as hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and HBV RNA detection, which seem to correlate with cccDNA transcriptional levels while during treatment seem to help predict response, and could identify those for whom therapy can be discontinued without risk of relapse. In this review, the usefulness of the main conventional biomarkers in hepatitis B is described, and the two most studied emerging biomarkers are mentioned, which promise to evaluate the course of the infection, as well as to determine disease progression and treatment response.
Humans , Biomarkers , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis , Hepatitis B , DNA, Circular , RNA , Risk , Genome , Diagnosis , AntigensABSTRACT
@#In inflammatory arthritis, there is inflammation of one or more joints brought about by immunologic events resulting from complex interactions of environmental trigger(s) in a genetically predisposed individual. The definitive cause of which remains unclear despite substantial research. The purpose of this article is to present a case with the diagnostic challenges associated with the rare coexistence and interplay of probable multiple causative mechanisms/triggers along with hyperuricemia and hepatitis B in the same patient presenting with inflammatory arthritis. It brings to greater attention the potential role of a key diet as an adjunct in the early management of undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis and thus, highlighting the choice of a whole food, plant-based diet (WFPBD) as a single, healthy, cost-effective and well-rounded diet which may be able to target all these different probable causative mechanisms leading to early symptom control and maybe, early disease remission. WFPB diet has been used in the management of differentiated arthritis from psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and other types of inflammatory arthropathy but to date, there is a paucity of available evidence on managing a patient with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis probably resulting from more than one simultaneous environmental triggers with a single key diet.
Hyperuricemia , Hepatitis B , ArthritisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Large disparities exist in liver cancer burden trends across countries but are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the global trajectories of liver cancer burden, explore the driving forces, and predict future trends.@*METHODS@#Data on the liver cancer burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trajectories were defined using growth mixture models. Five major risk factors contributing to changes in the ASIR or ASMR and socioeconomic determinants were explored using the identified trajectories. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict future trends through 2035.@*RESULTS@#Three trajectories of liver cancer burden were identified: increasing, stable, and decreasing groups. Almost half of the American countries were classified in the decreasing group (48.6% for ASIR and ASMR), and the increasing group was the most common in the European region (ASIR, 49.1%; ASMR, 37.7%). In the decreasing group, the decrease of liver cancer due to hepatitis B contributed 63.4% and 60.4% of the total decreases in ASIR and ASMR, respectively. The increase of liver cancer due to alcohol use, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B contributed the most to the increase in the increasing group (30.8%, 31.1%, and 24.2% for ASIR; 33.7%, 30.2%, and 22.2% for ASMR, respectively). The increasing group was associated with a higher sociodemographic index, gross domestic product per capita, health expenditure per capita, and universal health coverage (all P <0.05). Significant variations in disease burden are predicted to continue through 2035, with a disproportionate burden in the decreasing group.@*CONCLUSION@#Global disparities were observed in liver cancer burden trajectories. Hepatitis B, alcohol use, and hepatitis C were identified as driving forces in different regions.
Humans , Bayes Theorem , Liver Neoplasms , Risk Factors , Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis B , Hepacivirus , IncidenceABSTRACT
Objective: To understand ten-year changes in clinical characteristics and antiviral treatment patterns of chronic hepatitis B in China. Methods: Patients with chronic HBV infection:demographic, virologic, hematologic, blood biochemistry, and antiviral treatment data were extracted from the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB) database between 2012 and 2022 for descriptive statistics and change trend analysis. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal Wallis H test, while counting data was compared between groups using χ (2) test. Results: A total of 180 012 patients with chronic HBV infection were included, with a median age of 40 years old, and a male proportion accounting for 60.2%. The HBeAg positive rate was 43.3%. Over time, the median age of new patients each year increased from 39 to 47 years, while the HBeAg positive rate decreased from 51.3% to 32.8%. The initial diagnosis of patients was mainly CHB (71.4%), followed by hepatitis B cirrhosis (11.8%), inactive HBsAg carrier status (10.6%), and chronic HBV carrier status (6.2%). Among the newly registered patients every year from 2012 to 2022, the proportion of hepatitis B cirrhosis remained stable, but after 2019, the proportion of CHB increased and the proportion of other diagnoses decreased. The proportion of patients with cirrhosis increased with age in different age groups, with 3.5%, 19.3%, and 30.4% in the < 40, 40-69, and≥70 age groups, respectively. The proportion of women in patients with cirrhosis also increased with age, from 16.1% in those < 30 years old to 44.3% in those≥80 years old. From 2012 to 2022, the proportion of patients receiving first-line nucleos(t)ide analog antiviral treatment increased year by year, from 51.0% in 2012-2013 to 99.8% in 2022. Conclusion: The CR-HepB registration data reflect the changes in clinical characteristics and antiviral treatment patterns in patients with chronic HBV infection in China over the past ten years and can thus provide a reference to promote hepatitis B diagnosis and treatment practice, as well as scientific research.
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology , Hepatitis B e Antigens , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis A , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , China/epidemiology , Registries , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , DNA, ViralABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the occurrence of recompensation conditions in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis after entecavir antiviral therapy. Methods: Patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis with ascites as the initial manifestation were prospectively enrolled. Patients who received entecavir treatment for 120 weeks and were followed up every 24 weeks (including clinical endpoint events, hematological and imaging indicators, and others) were calculated for recompensation rates according to the Baveno VII criteria. Measurement data were compared using the Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test between groups. Categorical data were compared by the χ (2) test or Fisher's exact probability method between groups. Results: 283 of the 320 enrolled cases completed the 120-week follow-up, and 92.2% (261/283) achieved a virological response (HBV DNA 20 IU/ml). Child-Pugh and MELD scores were significantly improved after treatment (8.33 ± 1.90 vs. 5.77 ± 1.37, t = 12.70, P < 0.001; 13.37 ± 4.44 vs. 10.45 ± 4.58, t = 5.963, P < 0.001). During the 120-week follow-up period, 14 cases died, two received liver transplants, 19 developed hepatocellular cancer, 11 developed gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, and four developed hepatic encephalopathy. 60.4% (171/283) (no decompensation events occurred for 12 months) and 56.2% (159/283) (no decompensation events occurred for 12 months and improved liver function) of the patients had achieved clinical recompensation within 120 weeks. Patients with baseline MELD scores > 15 after active antiviral therapy achieved higher recompensation than patients with baseline MELD scores ≤15 [50/74 (67.6%) vs. 109/209 (52.2%), χ (2) = 5.275, P = 0.029]. Conclusion: Antiviral therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. The majority of patients (56.2%) had achieved recompensation. Patients with severe disease did not have a lower probability of recompensation at baseline than other patients.
Humans , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Treatment Outcome , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Hepatitis B/drug therapyABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health concern, as approximately 3.5% of the world's population is currently chronically infected. Chronic HBV infection is the primary cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and deaths related to liver disease globally. Studies have found that in HBV infection, viruses can directly or indirectly regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, respiratory chain metabolites, and autophagy, thereby altering macrophage activation status, differentiation types, and related cytokine secretion type and quantity regulations. Therefore, mitochondria have become an important signal source for macrophages to participate in the body's immune system during HBV infection, providing a basis for mitochondria to be considered as a potential therapeutic target for chronic hepatitis B.
Humans , Hepatitis B virus/physiology , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Mitochondria , Liver Neoplasms , MacrophagesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of plasma scaffold protein SEC16A level and related models in the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). Methods: Patients with HBV-LC and HBV-HCC and a healthy control group diagnosed by clinical, laboratory examination, imaging, and liver histopathology at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University between June 2017 and October 2021 were selected. Plasma SEC16A level was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected using an electrochemiluminescence instrument. SPSS 26.0 and MedCalc 15.0 statistical software were used to analyze the relationship between plasma SEC16A levels and the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. A sequential logistic regression model was used to analyze relevant factors. SEC16A was established through a joint diagnostic model. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the model for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of novel diagnostic biomarkers. Results: A total of 60 cases of healthy controls, 60 cases of HBV-LC, and 52 cases of HBV-HCC were included. The average levels of plasma SEC16A were (7.41 ± 1.66) ng/ml, (10.26 ± 1.86) ng/ml, (12.79 ± 1.49) ng /ml, respectively, with P < 0.001. The sensitivity and specificity of SEC16A in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were 69.44% and 71.05%, and 89.36% and 88.89%, respectively. SEC16A, age, and AFP were independent risk factors for the occurrence of HBV-LC and HCC. SAA diagnostic cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity were 26.21 and 31.46, 77.78% and 81.58%, and 87.23% and 97.22%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for HBV-HCC early diagnosis were 80.95% and 97.22%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that AFP level was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with P < 0.01, while the serum SEC16A level was only slightly positively correlated with ALT and AST in the liver cirrhosis group (r = 0.268 and 0.260, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Plasma SEC16A can be used as a diagnostic marker for hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. SEC16A, combined with age and the AFP diagnostic model with SAA, can significantly improve the rate of HBV-LC and HBV-HCC early diagnosis. Additionally, its application is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the progression of HBV-related diseases.
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Golgi Apparatus/metabolism , Vesicular Transport Proteins , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Hepatitis B/complications , ROC Curve , Hepatitis B virus/metabolism , Biomarkers, TumorABSTRACT
The resolution of the hepatitis C issue has raised expectations for a chronic hepatitis B cure, driving the industry to expand investment in research and development efforts to strengthen functional cure strategies. These strategies have a wide variety of types, and the published research findings are heterogeneous. The theoretical analysis of these strategies is of great significance for determining prioritized research orientations as well as sensibly allocating research and development resources. However, due to a paucity of necessary conceptual models, current theoretical analysis has not been able to unify various therapeutic strategies into a proper theoretical framework. In view of the fact that the decrease in the quantity of cccDNA is an inevitable core event accompanied by the process of functional cure, this paper intends to analyze several chronic hepatitis B cure strategies using cccDNA dynamics as a framework. Furthermore, there are currently few studies on the dynamics of the cccDNA field, hoping that this article can promote recognition and research in this field.
Humans , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Virus Replication , DNA, Circular/therapeutic use , DNA, Viral/genetics , Hepatitis B/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objective: To study using isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantitative proteomics methodologies to screen for salivary biological markers as a simple, non-invasive tool for identifying hepatitis B-related HCC at an early stage. Methods: Saliva samples were collected to extract salivary proteins. Isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantitative proteomics were used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins between the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HCC groups. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to verify differential proteins and identify markers in liver cancer tissues and saliva. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of salivary biomarkers. Results: 152 differentially expressed salivary proteins were screened out between the HCC and non-HCC groups. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays validated that the expressions of α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly increased in HCC (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between salivary AFP and serum AFP (P < 0.05). HCC was diagnosed when salivary α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 combined with AFP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8726 (95% confidence interval: 0.8104 ~ 0.9347), the sensitivity was 78.3%, and the specificity was 88%. Conclusion: Salivary AFP and α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 can serve as potential biomarkers for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. |
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Simple Stock Chart Set. 1. 2 aspect ratios (4:3 & 16:9) Data charts editable via Excel Dark and light versions of … If you are using a laptop that does not have a number pad, you can turn on Num Lock to emulate a numeric keypad.On most laptops, this can be done by pressing Shift + Num Lock or Fn + Num Lock. You will never have to start from scratch and spend hours in creating ultra-professional reports, dashboards, charts and graphs. The updated version is shown below. A default Organization Chart excel template as follows would be inserted in your worksheet. poor, fair, good) on a vertical bullet chart: Excel Bullet Chart Template organizational chart template excel dashboard school. I'm constantly posting new free stuff! Sure, there is a bullet chart tutorial here, but I found it pretty complicated. The previous post presented An Alternative Design of Bullet Graphs in different versions and provided the implementation in a Microsoft Excel template … Name: Bullet charts What it is used for: to display key performance indicators.Use them to replace speedometers if you want a more compact visual that can be stacked to better compare KPI. Extract Data based on a Drop-Down List selection in Excel - … Bullet chart is the answer for this. To edit chart data, execute following steps. Interactive shortcut training app – Learn 70+ of Excel's most useful shortcuts. Stacked Bar Chart with a Secondary Axis. How to Create a Mekko/Marimekko Chart in Excel →, Highlight the entire table containing your actual data, including the header row (. Insert a Column Chart. Enter details as in the following image. The steps to create a bullet chart in Excel is a little bit lengthy. Below is the data I am going to use. Contact me to learn more. Long Excel spreadsheets that are packed with figures tend to create a tedious sight. Bullet charts can convey not only target versus actual, but add performance bands as well. The app offers thousands of hand-drawn elements, titles, calendars, doodles and borders that you can add with a click of a button. » Bullet Chart. By adding various other charts and customization, we need to create this one. But what if the performance indicator is not between 0% and 100% that we have to … Now, let me show you how to create a bullet chart in Excel. Right-click on any of the data markers symbolizing Series "Target" and choose "Format Data Series.". Name: Bullet charts. To create a bullet chart you need to insert a 2-D cluster column chart and … Get the templates now. Basically, by overlapping gradient stops at the right points, the gradient boundaries become solid. For example on the picture between 0% and 45% the poor performance level can be seen (marked by red color). Bullet graphs have been around a while but are utilized much less frequently than simple 2-series bar charts or even malformed eye-candy gauges. Bullet chart is also named as build up chart in Excel, please follow the below steps to create it. Also, speedometers suck. How-to Make an Excel Chart with 3 Different Column Widths (Bullet Chart 2) ... Excel Dashboard Templates 7,360 views. Bullet graphs have been around a while but are utilized much less frequently than simple 2-series bar charts or even malformed eye-candy gauges. Though slightly complex, the chart is an effective tool for measuring the performance of KPI. From there, in the task pane that pops up, remove the lines connecting the markers: Without closing the task pane, do the following to design the horizontal bars: By convention, the "Target" bars should be slightly wider than the "Actual" columns. Step 3: The next role in the hierarchy is Manager. Bullet charts were developed to overcome the fundamental issues of gauges and meters. At least for me, in this case and several others I've worked with since then. First, open the Bullet Chart template located in the "Chart Templates" drop-down menu. So here are the steps to create a Bullet Chart in Excel. List of 200+ Excel shortcuts. Having a ready made template in PowerPoint, where you can replace sample data with your own data, saves valuable time in creating your business presentations. Now we will take a look at those elements that are playing an important role of the creation of plan / actual type of reports. Use them to replace speedometers if you want a more compact visual that can be stacked to better compare KPI. A bullet graph is a variation of a bar graph developed to replace dashboard gauges and meters. (All the Excel charts in my book are available for download, but I promised to write tutorials for a few of them.This is the first one.) The ultimate Excel charting Add-in. Actual result (the will be the "bullet" in the center) 2. Follow the steps below to create an organization chart in Excel. Step #9: Adjust the gap width between the chart columns. From the satisfaction survey, you have targeted an average score of 5, but you have got 4 as the average score. Tips on Excel Charts . Vertical Bullet chart using Qualitative scale (Good Bad Ugly) In certain cases, the vertical orientation … In this part, I will introduce a trick to create a horizontal bullet chart based on an existing vertical bullet chart in Excel. Right click on the chart to open chart menu. Doughnut 10 slides. Bullet charts use a combination of stacked bar or column charts to achieve the desired effect. Click here to download the excel speedometer chart template and play around. During the Excel 2007 beta (2006), I discovered a way to create the background for a bullet chart using a gradient fill in the plot area. Use an Excel timeline template to chart your work plan or try a PowerPoint timeline template to track key dates. In Excel for Mac 2011, SmartArt is a tab. The bullet chart is not a built-in excel chart. First, right-click on any of the data markers representing Series "Target" (F2:F6) and choose "Change Series Chart Type.". Download our free Bullet Graph Template for Excel. The updated chart is looking good, as shown below. In this format, the data series make the "Gap Width" to 500%. A bullet graph is useful for comparing the performance of a primary measure to one or more other measures. Scroll down to see them. Much. To start with, create a simple stacked column chart. 100+ VBA code examples, including detailed walkthroughs of common VBA tasks. So why write another blog post on it? An achievement bar to represent the actual value. In the range it says if 150 is actual, then it will be treated as "Bad" if 220 is actual, then it will be "Good," and if 250 is actual, then it will be "Very Good.". What it is used for: to display key performance indicators. In this step-by-step tutorial, you will learn how to create this vertical bullet graph in Excel from scratch, as introduced in Steven Few's Bullet Graph Design Specifications: For illustration purposes, let's assume you run a huge network of digital properties and set out to analyze the ad revenue generated in five states across the US: Since the table elements are pretty self-explanatory, let's dive right in without beating around the bush. Something went wrong. Between 65% and 85% good and from 85% to 100% is excellent. (All the Excel charts in my book are available for download, but I promised to write tutorials for a few of them. Use an Excel timeline template to chart your work plan or try a PowerPoint timeline template to track key dates. Besides the gauge this is one of the best data visualization tool. Bookmark and come back to reference. And one here that's fairly straightforward but, as an Excel graph, it takes some extra steps to resize or copy the graph with the data. It's time to set up the horizontal bars that will represent the target values. The Bullet graph consists of 5 primary components: Text label: Your chart caption which defines what your chart … Simple Stock Chart Set. Sense. Select cells from B2 to F6 and go to Insert (main menu) --> Bar (in the Charts group) and select the first chart type from the 2-D Bar section (circled in red). Insert a Column Chart. This will open the linked Excel sheet (see video below). The bullet chart is not a built-in excel chart. Data charts (editable via Excel) Aspect ratio - 4:3 (normal), 16:9 (widescreen) Dark and light versions of each Easy color change. Step 24: In the same format, data series, go to Line style, and make the below changes. The bullet chart features a single, primary measure (for example, current year-to-date revenue), compares that measure to one or more other measures to enrich its meaning (for example, compared to a target), and displays it in the context of qualitative ranges of performance, such as poor, satisfactory, and good. Depending on the task at hand, a bullet graph can be either horizontal or vertical. Create a Bullet Chart. While in the Format Data Series task pane, select each section of the quantitative scale and recolor accordingly (Series Options > Fill > Solid Fill > Color). That way of visualizing the bullet chart made So. Step #10: Add the data labels (optional). A bullet graph, as seen in this figure, contains a single performance measure (such as YTD [year-to-date] revenue), compares that measure with a target, and displays it in the context of qualitative ranges, such as Poor, Fair, Good, and Very Good. Now, the organization chart has the top-most role as Vice President. Right-click on the … 3. Below are the details I have entered in the worksheet. "At Automate Excel we offer a range of free resources, software, training, and consulting to help you Excel at Excel. This has been a guide to Bullet Chart in Excel. And BONUS: this method uses in-line graphing with Excel, so the graphs don't move out of alignment or require extensive size and positioning, like the others I mentioned above. Horizontal Graph. Developed by Stephen Few, the Bullet Chart was inspired from a traditional bar chart. Assume you are collecting opinions about your product experiment from customers, and you have set the below bands to your customers to given satisfaction scores. Select the range containing the whole bullet chart, and press Ctrl + C keys together to copy it. Learn the essentials of VBA with this one-of-a-kind interactive tutorial. Here's the process for a three region fill (e.g. However, Steven Few emphasized that using distinct hues would make it difficult for the colorblind (roughly 4.5% of the population) to interpret the nuances of the graph, meaning you'd be better off using different shades of a single color instead, going from dark to light. This is the first one.) Step Chart. How to add bullet points in Excel using Symbol menu If you don't have a number pad or forget a key combination, here's another quick easy way to insert bullet in Excel: Select a cell where you want to add a bullet point. Download Bullet Chart Template. 2. In the Bullet Template file, right click the Bullet Chart tab --> Move or Copy; Check the box to make a copy, then select your target workbook from the list; Close the Bullet Template file without saving changes ; Updating the bullet chart for your data. 5) Lastly, we update the chart title, remove the chart border, and resize the chart area as desired. The first step is to make a table with the information you want to include in the bullet graph. Meanwhile we can cook a little gauge chart in excel using a donut and pie (not the eating kind) in 4 steps. Tips and notes:. Bullet Chart is a visualization chart type which gives excellent insight. Download ready-to-use, 100% data-driven and fully customizable chart templates for PowerPoint to make an impact with your presentations. Right-click on any of the columns representing Series "Actual" and choose "Format Data Series.". Follow all the steps to create a neat bullet chart in excel, do not skip any steps. Delete the secondary axis. The previous post presented An Alternative Design of Bullet Graphs in different versions and provided the implementation in a Microsoft Excel template … List of 100+ most-used Excel Functions. Level 3 threshold That's it! Please check your entries and try again. Data charts (editable via Excel) Aspect ratio - 4:3 (normal), 16:9 (widescreen) Dark and light versions of each Easy color change. Bullet Charts Bullet Charts are an example of creating a chart using multiple Chart Types with a primary and secondary axis. In the same window, select "Very Good" and move this to top using up arrow, as shown below. P. MS Powerpoint. How to design a simple Bullet Chart in PowerPoint 2010. Get rid of the secondary axis as you no longer need it. 7. Jump to the Fill & Line tab and, under Fill, select "Solid fill" and change the color of the columns to black. If you use our free bullet chart template, the rest of th… Stacked Bar Chart with a Secondary Axis. Follow the steps below to learn how to create a bullet graph. The performance is fair between 45% and 65%. Step #6: Adjust the gap width for the "Actual" columns. Unfortunately Excel doesn't have a gauge chart as a default chart type. Tools like Tableau provide an easy way to create a bullet chart. To do that, repeat the process outlined in Step #6 (Format Data Series > Series Options > Gap Width). First of all, select your data and insert a 2-D cluster column chart from insert tab. Enter categories in column A. Additionally, we'd like the steps to be easy to remember and fairly quick to implement. Click here to download the chart template. P. MS Powerpoint. There are three major components of a bullet chart: A target marker to represent the target. In Excel 2010, 2013, and 2016 for Windows and Excel 2016 for Mac, as well as the Office 365 version, you can find SmartArt by clicking the Insert Tab, and then on the Illustrations group. It can be easily built in Excel and can be used in financial dashboards to make it visually appealing to the readers. On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click Symbol. microsoft training classes proffesional development. Step #7: Recolor the "Actual" columns black. Qualitative Parts: These sectors helping us to identify the performance levels at a glance. Step #5: Create the markers for Series "Target.". From this window for the "Avg Score" series, check the "Secondary Axis" box. Follow all the steps to create a neat bullet chart in excel, do not skip any steps. microsoft excel check list template clearly and simply. Now we can see the "orange dot" instead of a bar for the "Target" series. Growing list of Excel Formula examples (and detailed descriptions) for common Excel tasks. There's also a plug-in that makes bullet charts for you! The graph was designed as a superior substitute to meter and gauge charts, especially when it comes to illustrating large amounts of data; it displays more information with less footprint, preserving precious dashboard space. For example, if you want to compare the sales of two years or to compare the total sales to a target, you can use bullet charts. Create a normal bullet chart in Excel. It takes a few steps to create one. The Bullet graph consists of 5 primary components: Text label: Your chart caption which defines what your chart … Bullet charts have the following uses and advantages − Bullet Charts are widely used by data analysts and dashboard vendors. Below is a single bullet graph showing how actual sales compared to estimated sales. Get help managing your holiday with our planning and tracking templates. Create a normal bullet chart in Excel. It can be easily built in Excel and can be used in financial dashboards to make it visually appealing to the readers. They of course have a 3d line chart, but let us save it for your last day at work. In this part, I will introduce a trick to create a horizontal bullet chart based on an existing vertical bullet chart in Excel. Step #3: Create a combo chart and push Series "Target" and Series "Actual" to the secondary axis. See the syntax or click the function for an in-depth tutorial. This table shows what the target for each product is and what is achieved. Level 1 threshold 3. Follow the steps below to create an organization chart in Excel. Occasionally, Excel can misplace the text labels. Bullet charts were developed to overcome the fundamental issues of gauges and meters. A bullet chart is just like a column chart but instead of multiple columns here we have only one. Select the range containing the whole bullet chart, and press Ctrl + C keys together to copy it. If you don't want to use a bullet journal template or don't like our ready-made templates then you can use our online bullet journal maker to make your own bullet journal from scratch without drawing anything. 3. A lot of professional are interested in using dynamic solutions, graphs, and infographics as tools for getting their messages across. Get the templates now. Excel does not come with a bullet chart option. 2 aspect ratios (4:3 & 16:9) Data charts editable via Excel Dark and light versions of each Easy to change colors . The table must include the following data: 1. Unfortunately Excel doesn't have a gauge chart as a default chart type. Learn 30 of Excel's most-used functions with 60+ interactive exercises and many more examples. Developed by data visualization expert Steven Few, the bullet graph is a modified column or bar chart used for tracking performance against a goal. We will start with creating a horizontal bullet chart. Get rid of the secondary axis as you no longer need it. Close the dialog, you can see the bullet chart has been completed in the main. To edit chart data, execute following steps. Bullet chart is a great data visualization tool that can be used to compare the performance of a metric. All Rights Reserved. A comparison range which for the color theme. Power BI provides an elaborate mechanism to build bullet charts, and use them for decision making. Specify your own quantitative values for each qualitative performance range in columns G, G and H. In Excel 2013, you need to adjust gap width under Series Options tab, check No fill option and Solid line option in Fill section and Border section under Fill & Line tab. Sign up here to receive notices. Bullet charts can be used to compare the performance of a metric. 7:00. If you're managing a team, try a template of a timeline that assigns tasks. Click here to download the excel speedometer chart template and play around. You can download this Bullet Chart Excel Template here – Bullet Chart Excel Template We have segregated the employee performance under four categories namely Poor, Fair, Good and Excellent.
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Unlocking the Potential of Text: A Closer Look at Pre-Embedding Text Cleaning Methods
Last Updated on August 1, 2023 by Editorial Team
Author(s): Shivamshinde
Originally published on Towards AI.
This article will discuss different cleaning techniques that are essential to obtain maximum performance from textual data.
For the demonstration of the text cleaning methods, we will use the text dataset named 'metamorphosis' from Kaggle.
Let's start with importing the required Python libraries for the cleaning process.
import nltk, re, string
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem.porter import PorterStemmer
Now let's load the dataset.
file_directory = 'link-to-the-dataset-local-directory'
file = open(file_directory, 'rt', encoding='utf-8')
text = file.read()
note that for the above code cell to work, you need to put the local directory path of the data file.
Splitting the text data into words by whitespace
words = text.split()
Here we are seeing that the punctuation is preserved (e.g. armour-like and wasn't), which is nice. We can also see that end-of-sentence punctuation is kept with the last word (e.g., thought.), which is not great.
So, this time let's try splitting the data using non-word characters.
words = re.split(r'\W+', text)
Here we see that words like 'thought.' have been converted into 'thought'. But the problem is that the words like 'wasn't' are converted into two words like 'wasn' and 't'. We need to fix it.
In Python, we can use string.punctuation to get a bunch of punctuations at once. We will use that to remove punctuation from our text
So now we will split the words by whitespace and then remove all the punctuations which have been recorded in the data
words = text.split()
re_punc = re.compile('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation))
stripped = [re_punc.sub('', word) for word in words]
Here we can see that we don't have the words like 'thought.' but we also have words like 'wasn't' which is correct.
Sometimes the text also contains characters that are not printable. We need to filter those out too. To do this, we can use Python 'string.printable' which gives us a bunch of characters that can be printed. So, we will remove the characters which are not present in this list.
re_print = re.compile('[^%s]' % re.escape(string.printable))
result = [re_print.sub('', word) for word in stripped]
Now let's make all the words into lowercase. This will reduce our vocabulary. But this has some disadvantages also. After doing this, two words such as 'Apple' as in company and 'apple' as a fruit will be considered the same entity.
result = [word.lower() for word in result]
Also, words with one character won't contribute to most of the NLP tasks. So we will be removing those too.
result = [word for word in result if len(word) > 1]
In NLP, frequent words such as 'is', 'as', 'the' do not contribute much to the model training. So such words are known as stop words and removing them in the text-cleaning process is suggested.
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
stop_words = stopwords.words('english')
result = [word for word in result if word not in set(stop_words)]
Now, at this point, we will reduce words with the same intent to a single word. For example, we will reduce the words 'running', 'run', and 'runs' to the word 'run' only since all three words give the same meaning to the model during training. This can be performed using PorterStemmer class in nltk library.
from nltk.stem.porter import PorterStemmer
ps = PorterStemmer()
result = [ps.stem(word) for word in result]
Stemmed words may or may not have a meaning. If you want your words to have a meaning, then rather than using the stemming technique, you can use a lemmatization technique which guarantees that the words will have meaning after transformation.
Now let's remove the words which are not made of alphabets alone
result = [word for word in result if word.isalpha()]
At this stage, the textual data seems decent enough to be used for the word embedding techniques. But also note that there might be some additional steps to this process for some special kinds of data (for example, HTML code).
I hope you like the article. If you have any thoughts on the article then please let me know. Any constructive feedback is highly appreciated.
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While subwoofers brings in the low frequency outputs, it's possible for these units to pick up unwanted electrical signals in the course which is also referred to as static in speakers and subwoofers.
Let us understand what static refers to, what causes it, and how to fix it in subwoofers and speakers.
Table of Contents
What is Static in Subwoofers?
Static is an interruption in the sound output by speakers and subwoofers.
It typically occurs when the sound signals carry too much power in the process of being transmitted to the speakers and subwoofers.
Additionally, the unwanted signals picked up by the wires from the surroundings or connectivity faults can cause static.
It will result in a cracking, buzzing, or humming noise (which is a result of static), however, you can easily get rid of it by determining its cause.
The most common cause of static is loose wiring or connectivity between the sound systems, speakers, and subwoofers.
You will first need to find the source or the actual cause of static in subwoofers before fixing them, however, you can try a few steps that may fix the issue.
Let's explore the causes of static in subwoofers along with their possible solution.
Causes and Solution of Static in Subwoofers
Static in subwoofers typically occurs when it picks up unwanted electrical signals or too much electric current beyond its capacity.
However, there are several factors that can cause static that we will discuss below along with the possible solutions.
Loose connectivity or improper connections
Loose connectivity between the speaker wires is the most common source of static noise.
Additionally, improperly wiring the units can also lead to static sound from subwoofers.
- Check if the subwoofer cords/wires and connectors are properly installed or fixed to the desired ports in subwoofers, amplifiers, and other audio sources.
- Unplugging and replugging them back to their ports can help resolve the issue.
Faulty Speaker wires
Over time the wires may turn faulty or wear out which can be another cause of subwoofer static.
- Make sure to inspect the wires for any damage or signs of wear out and in case you find faults you will need to replace them.
- Additionally, if the wires you are using are too old or of low-grade quality, try replacing them with good-quality speaker wires.
Faulty capacitors
It could be faulty capacitors on the amplifier's PCB or other heat-stressed components on the board causing electrical static.
- Inspect for possible leaks or blowing signs and replace the subwoofer's capacitor.
- Over time a weak capacitor can fail to do its job properly.
- You will need to reach out to the amplifier's circuit board to get it replaced.
Ground loops or Earth Loops
Grounding or Earthing is very important for safety reasons and can occur when multiple devices are connected through a single ground.
The possibilities are even higher especially when linked to different wall outlets (AC outlets).
- Electricity should have a clear path to the ground or else may cause shorts and static in subwoofers and speakers.
- Make sure to get the grounding done appropriately for your electronic appliances including the subwoofers and your sound system.
- You can contact a professional electrician to get the job done.
Interference with other Devices
Speakers use electromagnets to convert electrical signals into sound and hence are capable of picking up signals from other sources in your home.
Devices such as radios, Wi-Fi routers, phones, baby monitors, televisions, and other electronic devices, etc., can transmit electromagnetic radiation to the atmosphere.
These radio signals can be picked up by your speakers and subwoofers and result in static noise.
- If you have placed the subwoofer close to such devices, try moving the unit away from the source of the interference.
- Additionally, you can use shielded speakers and cables that can help you get rid of the static quickly.
- These types of equipment are designed to not pick up unwanted signals from the surroundings.
Final Thoughts
Static in subwoofers can be sometimes annoying and difficult to determine the actual cause.
The most common step you can follow is disconnecting it from power, unplugging the cables, and then plugging them back properly.
Improper grounding and low-grade or faulty cables are other possible causes of static noise from speakers.
Finally, you can try moving your subwoofer away from other electronic devices that can leak radio signals. |
'Unheard': The hidden mental health struggles of Black men
Black men discuss the mental health struggles that affect the community.
Black men have always had to fight stigmas, external stimuli, each other and themselves. It's important to have conversations about these difficult situations because they lead to growth, and not just within our community.
The latest episode of "Unheard" features a roundtable discussion about stigmas, trauma and how Black men have related to society psychologically. It is no secret that discrimination and racism have played a pivotal role in the behavior of Black men and in their mental health journey. In fact, systematic racism has strongly impacted Black men — sometimes in the extreme.
There are ways to alleviate these impacts, though. One in particular is physical activity. It is well-known that exercise delivers mental health benefits, including improved cognitive function and brain health. Physical activity also alleviates anxiety, depression and stress.
It is also important that Black men recognize and acknowledge mental health struggles. This awareness is just as important as an awareness of physical health.
According to Mental Health America, about 46% of people in America will be treated for a mental health disorder at some stage in their life, depression or anxiety disorders are the most common in the United States. These types of illnesses are also the leading topic of disabilities for middle-aged Black people. Putting all this together, mental health disorders like anxiety and depression in Black people — and Black men in particular — only contribute to more reasons to promote healthy eating habits and physical activity.
The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), focuses on media reports on violence, generational trauma, police brutality in the Black community and people of color in the United States. Within the Black community, mental health challenges continue to rise, per NAMI.
According to the American Psychological Association, Most of the Black community is not receiving the mental health treatment and care they need. This is extremely important when it comes to Black men because of the social restraints of Black masculinity with society.
The next episode of "Unheard" airs at 1 p.m. ET June 1 on theGrio mobile App, and YouTube.
TheGrio is FREE on your TV via Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Roku, and Android TV. Please download theGrio mobile apps today! |
Does Insurance Cover Botox?
Botox has become a popular cosmetic treatment in recent years, with many people seeking its effects to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. However, a common question that arises is whether insurance covers the cost of this treatment. In this article,…
Botox has become a popular cosmetic treatment in recent years, with many people seeking its effects to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. However, a common question that arises is whether insurance covers the cost of this treatment. In this article, we will explore the answer to this question and provide you with all the information you need to know about insurance coverage for Botox.
While insurance coverage for Botox may vary depending on the provider and policy, it is important to understand the factors that determine whether or not it is covered. From medical necessity to the specific insurance plan, we will delve into all the details you need to know to make an informed decision about your Botox treatment. So, let's explore the world of insurance coverage for Botox and what you need to know.
Does Insurance Cover Botox?
What is Botox?
Botox is a popular cosmetic treatment that involves injecting a purified form of botulinum toxin into the muscles to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. The treatment works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles, which smoothes out the wrinkles and gives the skin a more youthful appearance.
What are the Benefits of Botox?
Botox is a popular cosmetic treatment because it provides numerous benefits, including:
1. Reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
2. Giving the skin a more youthful appearance.
3. Boosting self-confidence and self-esteem.
4. Providing a quick and relatively painless treatment option.
5. Offering long-lasting results.
How Much Does Botox Cost?
The cost of Botox can vary depending on several factors, including the location of the treatment, the number of injections needed, and the experience and qualifications of the injector. On average, a single Botox treatment can cost between $300 and $500.
Does Insurance Cover Botox?
In most cases, insurance does not cover Botox treatments because they are considered cosmetic procedures. However, there may be some exceptions, such as when Botox is used to treat medical conditions like migraines, excessive sweating, or muscle spasms.
If you are considering Botox treatments for medical reasons, it is important to check with your insurance provider to see if the treatment is covered. If it is not covered, you may be able to negotiate a lower price with your provider or explore other financing options.
Botox vs. Other Treatments
Botox is not the only treatment available for reducing wrinkles and fine lines. Other popular treatments include dermal fillers, chemical peels, and laser resurfacing. Here's a quick comparison of Botox vs. other treatments:
1. Dermal fillers: Dermal fillers work by filling in wrinkles and fine lines with substances like hyaluronic acid. The results of dermal fillers can be more dramatic and longer-lasting than Botox, but they can also be more expensive and require more downtime.
2. Chemical peels: Chemical peels work by removing the top layer of skin to reveal smoother, more youthful-looking skin underneath. The results of chemical peels can be dramatic, but they can also be painful and require significant downtime.
3. Laser resurfacing: Laser resurfacing works by using a laser to remove the top layer of skin and stimulate collagen production. The results of laser resurfacing can be dramatic, but they can also be expensive and require significant downtime.
Overall, Botox is a safe and effective treatment option for reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. While it may not be covered by insurance, it is a popular and relatively affordable option for those looking to enhance their appearance and boost their self-confidence.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some common questions people have regarding insurance coverage for Botox treatments.
What is Botox and why is it used?
Botox is a brand name for a type of injection that contains a purified form of botulinum toxin. It is used to temporarily paralyze muscles in the face and other areas of the body in order to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, treat certain medical conditions, and prevent migraines. Botox is a popular cosmetic treatment because it can smooth out fine lines and wrinkles.
However, it is important to note that Botox should only be administered by a licensed and trained medical professional in a sterile environment.
What types of medical conditions can Botox treat?
Botox can be used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and muscle spasms. It can also be used to treat certain eye disorders, such as strabismus and blepharospasm. In addition, Botox has been used to treat bladder and bowel disorders, as well as certain types of pain.
The use of Botox for medical conditions is typically covered by insurance, depending on the specific condition and the insurance plan.
Does insurance cover Botox for cosmetic purposes?
In most cases, insurance does not cover Botox treatments for cosmetic purposes. This means that if you are seeking Botox injections solely for the purpose of reducing the appearance of wrinkles, you will likely need to pay for the treatment out of pocket.
However, some insurance plans may cover Botox injections for medical reasons, such as migraines or excessive sweating, even if the treatment also has a cosmetic benefit.
What factors affect insurance coverage for Botox?
Insurance coverage for Botox can vary depending on a number of factors, including the specific insurance plan, the medical condition being treated, and the reason for the Botox injection. Additionally, some insurance plans may require pre-authorization or may only cover specific types of Botox injections.
If you are considering Botox treatments, it is important to contact your insurance company to discuss your coverage and any potential out-of-pocket costs.
Are there any alternatives to Botox that may be covered by insurance?
Yes, there are other types of treatments that may be covered by insurance that can achieve similar results to Botox. For example, dermal fillers can be used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and can also be used to treat certain medical conditions. Other options may include laser treatments or chemical peels.
It is important to consult with a licensed medical professional to determine the best course of treatment for your specific needs.
Use your INSURANCE to COVER BOTOX!
In conclusion, the answer to whether insurance covers Botox is not straightforward. It depends on the reason for getting the treatment and the insurance provider's policies. If Botox is being used for cosmetic purposes, it is unlikely to be covered by insurance. However, if it is being used to treat a medical condition like chronic migraines or excessive sweating, insurance may cover some or all of the cost.
It is essential to check with your insurance provider to understand the extent of their coverage for Botox. Some policies may cover the treatment partially, while others may require you to meet specific criteria before approving coverage. Therefore, it is crucial to communicate with your insurance provider to avoid any surprises in terms of coverage and out-of-pocket costs.
In conclusion, while insurance coverage for Botox may be limited, it is possible to get some coverage for medical reasons. Ensure you have a clear understanding of your insurance provider's policies before going for Botox treatment to avoid any unnecessary expenses. |
A casino is a facility where customers can gamble through games of chance and in some cases through skill. In the United States, casinos are regulated by state and local governments. They may be operated by public or private entities and are often surrounded by entertainment facilities such as restaurants, hotels, and retail stores. In addition to traditional gambling games, many casinos offer sports betting and other forms of electronic gaming.
Most casinos use various methods to ensure that their patrons' money is safe and secure. These methods range from cameras to sophisticated computer systems that monitor game play. The use of such technology allows casinos to keep close tabs on the exact amounts wagered minute by minute and quickly discover any deviation from expected results. These systems also allow for the automatic payout of winnings and to track suspicious activity. The mathematical and computational work performed by casinos to design and operate such systems is called gaming analysis or mathematical gaming.
While there are casinos located all over the world, a handful of cities have become renowned for their gambling centers. Las Vegas, for example, is known as the world's largest casino resort, while Macao is home to one of the most stunning and opulent casinos in Asia.
Whether it's for the food, the entertainment or just the pure thrill, there is always something to attract people to these centres of fun and excitement. This could be a 5-star hotel, a famous museum or perhaps a beautiful natural building or even the biggest casino in the world. |
Poker is a card game that involves betting. It's a game of chance, but it also has a lot of skill and psychology. There are a few things you should know before you play. These include the rules of the game, the hand rankings and basic strategy.
If you're new to poker, it is helpful to have a quick chart that shows you which hands beat which other hands. This will help you determine what to bet on and when to call a raise. For example, you should understand that a flush beats a straight, and two pair beats a high pair.
To begin the game each player puts up an ante, which is a small amount of money to bet before you see your cards. Once everyone has put in their ante, the dealer deals the cards. Everyone then has the choice to raise, fold or check their cards.
A good hand in poker is a full house, which consists of three matching cards of one rank and two matching cards of another rank. A flush is five cards of consecutive rank in the same suit, such as ace, two, three, four and five. A pair is made up of two cards of the same rank, with no unmatched cards.
There are also different types of bets in poker, such as a min-bet and a raise. Min-bets are bets that are lower than the previous bet, and raises are higher. To decide how much to bet, you should look at the previous players' action and the pot size. It's also a good idea to be familiar with the betting structure of the table you are playing on, which will help you make better decisions.
As with any poker game, human nature will try to derail your plan. You might be tempted to bet on a weak hand, or you may feel the need to bluff when it's not in your best interest. You can avoid these mistakes by watching experienced players and learning how they react.
When you're in the early position, it's important to realize that you have more information than your opponents. This gives you a significant advantage, called "bluff equity." Having good position lets you make simple, cheap bets that have a strong chance of paying off. Also, it's better to bet on your own hand first rather than wait for an opponent to make a bet. This will give you the opportunity to double up if you have a good hand. If you don't have a good hand, you should pass and hope that the next card will give you the winning combination you're looking for. However, it is usually more profitable to bet on a hand that is expected to win, such as a straight or a three-of-a-kind. This will encourage others to call your bets. Ultimately, this will lead to a bigger pot and more profits for you. |
4th Month Examination After Nasal Septal Hole Closure
What Causes Nasal Septal Hole?
Nasal septum perforation may occur due to surgical trauma, mechanical trauma, cocaine use, or various drugs and diseases. Here, hole formation is one of the most common causes, usually after surgical trauma. It occurs when the cartilage on both sides of the nasal septum is damaged after a septoplasty operation performed for the treatment of a simple nasal septum deviation. In this case, the surgeon's repair of the perforation during the operation and the closure of the nasal septum using cartilage or mucosal flap techniques prevent the formation of perforation in the late period. A nice detailed articles on this topic that you can read >> Septal Perforation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf / What are the Factors Leading to Nasal Septal Perforations after Septoplasty?
Nasal Septum Perforation Causes "Intranasal Hyperventilation"!
In patients with nasal septum perforation, varying amounts of intranasal airflow changes and acceleration in intranasal air passage velocity may occur, depending on the diameter of the nasal septum perforation and the location of the hole. Small and posteriorly located septum perforations are less common (sometimes asymptomatic) and more prominent in large anterior nasal septum perforations. The airflow passing through the nasal septum is linear, and instead of the circular "rolling" flow in the normal nose, there is a rapid linear airflow emerging. For this reason, changes in the mucosal epithelium at the edges of the perforation, drying and crusting, enlargement of the hole, drying and crusting in the nasal and lower respiratory tracts of the patients, and sometimes nosebleeds may occur. This is the reason for the hole diameter enlargement over time in untreated septal perforations.
Nasal Cavity Consists of Two Separate Cavities Working Separately!
After Nasal Septum Perforation Operation, Inappropriate Foods and Drugs to Use
After the nasal septum perforation closure operation, it is ideal to limit the consumption of the following foods and drugs that may cause drying of the nasal mucosa, cause loss of moisture in the nose, or decrease or thicken the nasal secretion:
- excessively salty foods
- strong tea and coffee
- diuretics
- nasal cortisone, decongestant spray and decongestant tablets that can reduce secretion production
- antidepressant drugs that cause dry mouth and nose
After the Nasal Septum Perforation Operation, Drink Plenty of Water and Don't Pick Up Your Nose
After the closure of the nasal septum hole, after the healing in the graft area is completed, it is very important not to insert fingers, napkins, cotton swabs into the nose and irrigation of the intranasal mucosa with regular sprays containing ocean water.
Again, after the operation, drinking plenty of water and consuming fruits and vegetables with high water content can contribute to both the increase in the secretion of intranasal mucus secretion and the acceleration of mucosal healing. After large perforation closure operations, it takes months for the mucosa in the nose to transform into a normal expressing healthy nasal mucosa.
It May Not Be Appropriate to Use Oil or Vaseline Based Nose Moisturizers in the Early Period After Nasal Septum Perforation Operation!
Vaseline or oil-containing nasal moisturisers may increase the risk of mucosal infection in patients who have undergone intranasal mucosal incision, cartilage graft placement and hole repair. After nasal septum perforation closure surgery, I usually recommend my patients intranasal irrigation with a mixture containing rifampicin + saline, re-irrigation of the nose with ocean water sprays 10 minutes after that, and then application of antibiotic-containing eye pomades into the nose.
Smoking Before and After the Operation May Affect the Success of Nasal Septum Perforation Surgery!
In case of exposure to cigarette smoke or smoking, the following adverse effects on the nasal mucosa may occur:
- Narrowing in vessel diameters, decrease in tissue blood supply due to nicotine effect
- increased risk of mucosal infection due to contact with burn products
- Decreased tissue oxygenation, decreased healing rate or adversely affected by carbon monoxide
Considering the above effects, it is ideal for patients with nasal septal hole to stop smoking at least 1 month before the operation and not to smoke for at least 6 months after the operation. There is a very good article that emphasize the effects of smoking on the nasal mucosa >> The effect of smoking on perforation development and healing after septoplasty
Physical Examination and Patient Evaluation Before Nasal Septum Perforation Closure Surgery
In the examination of patients with septum perforation, the location of the nasal septum perforation, its size, and the condition of the mucosa are evaluated. Generally, endoscopic nasal examination is sufficient, but paranasal sinus tomography can also be requested before the operation as an auxiliary imaging tool. If the mucosa of the patients is dry, crusty and bleeding, nasal irrigation with local ocean water sprays, application of antibiotic-containing eye ointments or nasal irrigation with anti-biotic saline may increase the chance of success of the operation, starting 1 month before the operation. In patients with an infected nasal septal button, removing the button and starting nasal irrigation before the operation is also beneficial. The underlying cause of the perforation (surgical nasal trauma, cocaine or drug use, granulomatous disease, infections ...) should be questioned. The patient should be informed about the technique to be applied during the operation and the use of additional grafts (rib cartilage, temporal muscle fascia ...) and the success of the operation. In perforations larger than 4 cm, it is not possible to obtain millimetric complete closure with a single operation.
Link group where you can find articles and different photos about "nasal septum perforation" on this website >> https://www.ent-istanbul.com/search?q=nasal+septum+perforation
The link where you can see the operation images of the patient 4 months ago and the dimensions of the nasal septum perforation >>
Before and 3 Months After Nasal Septum Perforation (4x3cm) Surgery Video
Murat Enoz, MD, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgeon - ENT Doctor in Istanbul
Private Office:
Address: İncirli Cad. No:41, Kat:4 (Dilek Patisserie Building), Postal code: 34147, Bakırköy - İstanbul
Appointment Phone: +90 212 561 00 52
Appointment Phone: +90 212 561 00 52
Fax: +90 212 542 74 47 |
Perception of spoken language requires attention to acoustic as well as visible phonetic information. This article reviews the known differences in audiovisual speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specifies the need for interventions that address this construct. Elements of an audiovisual training program are described. This researcher-developed program delivered via an iPad app presents natural speech in the context of increasing noise, but supported with a speaking face. Children are cued to attend to visible articulatory information to assist in perception of the spoken words. Data from four children with ASD ages 8-10 are presented showing that the children improved their performance on an untrained auditory speech-in-noise task.
Original language | English (US) |
Pages (from-to) | 76-83 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics |
Volume | 29 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2015 |
- Audiovisual app
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Speech perception
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Language and Linguistics
- Linguistics and Language
- Speech and Hearing |
Student $A$ speaks French & German, student $B$ speaks English, French & Italian, student $C$ speaks English, Italian & Spanish and student $D$ speaks all the languages mentioned except French. Write a matrix such that rows represent those $4$ students, while columns represent the languages they speak. If a person $i$ speaks a language $j$, set $a_{ij}$=1, otherwise set $a_{ij}=0$. Interpret the meaning of the matrices $AA^{\tau}\;\&\;A^{\tau}A$.
My attempt:
columns are: $E,F,G,I\;\&\;S$ One of my dilemmas is if the symmetry of $AA^{\tau}\;\&\;A^{\tau}A$ is relevant here and how to use what I've gotten: $$A=\begin{bmatrix}0&1&1&0&0\\1&1&0&1&0\\1&0&0&1&1\\1&0&1&1&1\end{bmatrix},A^{\tau}=\begin{bmatrix}0&1&1&1\\1&1&0&0\\1&0&0&1\\0&1&1&1\\0&0&1&1\end{bmatrix}$$ $$AA^{\tau}=\begin{bmatrix}2&1&0&1\\1&3&2&2\\0&2&3&3\\1&2&3&4\end{bmatrix},\;A^{\tau}A=\begin{bmatrix}3&1&1&3&2\\1&2&1&1&0\\1&1&2&1&1\\3&1&1&3&2\\2&0&1&2&2\end{bmatrix}$$
I've already read posts and articles on the topic of Gramian matrix, but we haven't covered it this semester yet. I translated this from Croatian word by word and thought the interpretation should be some kind of a relation or number of combinations I'm not able to see at the moment. I'm not sure if this task explicitly involves the $\text{Gramian matrix}$. How to interpret the given matrices in the context of students and languages they speak? |
7 Bible Verses That Celebrate Love, Feminism & Gender Equality
Girl power (in Christ)
What does the Bible have to say about women and gender equality? There are lots of great women found in the Bible, and more then likely these females were early feminists. When you are involved in personal Bible study, it can be hard to find mutual identity in both feminism and Christianity.
Christianity has some harsh verses that if taken at a surface level can feel demeaning and sexist toward women, and put off to females who are feminists.
What is feminism?
Feminism is a word that comes with many different implications. But the actual definition is inarguable.
The definition of feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. Feminism is just the principle of advocating for equal rights for both women and men.
As Christian women, it's hard to know what are we to do as feminists when it seems that we are to accept our fate as forever being a vessel made for a man. It is our responsibility to dig deeper and really discover the message behind these oft misinterpreted verses.
First, we must discover what feminism is. We must also determine why it is important in modern-day Christianity.
We must also learn how to interpret and apply Biblical verses with seemingly antiquated and demeaning messages to modern-day gender roles.
And finally, we must remember the verses that prove that God sees us all as equal, no matter our gender.
Why is feminism important in modern-day Christianity?
Feminism is important in modern-day Christianity because all fights for human equality are important in every aspect of life.
It is important to know that gender, race, and orientation have nothing to do with the way we worship, and the way that God loves us.
It is important that everyone feels at home in the eyes of the Lord.
How to interpret gender roles from Biblical verses with antiquated and demeaning messages
The Bible has a lot of verses that can seem antiquated and demeaning toward women. Ephesians Chapter 5 is a tough read if you take it at surface level.
It says, "22 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
23 For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the savior of the body. 24 Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so [let] the wives [be] to their own husbands in everything."
This verse can read as a bummer to the modern-day Christian Feminist. Wives subject yourselves unto your own husbands.
The husband is the head of the wife? He is the savior of the body? It can be interpreted as cringy.
It makes it sound like the wife is indebted to her husband, for he saved her from being a "loose woman".
If you look deeper into this verse, there is a lot more to it. It is calling both husband and wife to commit to each other wholeheartedly.
It is a metaphor, where the woman is the church and the husband is a leader of faith.
It is not that the husband is in charge of the wife, it is that he worships in her. He comes to her to find his home, and to celebrate.
Through her, he can spread the word of God. And the same for the wife.
She is not in charge of the husband but builds a foundation where through him she can spread the word of God.
They can each celebrate God's love on their own, but together they can reach a deeper understanding, acceptance, and love of their faith.
Bible verses that celebrate Gender Equality
There are a lot of verses that remind us that each gender holds equal strength and control over their path and that God's love finds us all equally.
1. All men (and women) are created equal, according to the Bible.
"There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus." — Galatians 2:28
It reminds us that regardless of gender, creed, orientation, religion, or race, we are all loved equally in the eyes of God.
2. We are made for each other.
"For as the woman [is] of the man, even so [is] the man also by the woman; but all things of God." — 1 Corinthians 11:12
God made us all different, but still for each other. No matter our gender, race, religion, or orientation, we are all made in God's image.
3. God has no favorites.
"For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who shows no partiality and accepts no bribes." — Deuteronomy 10:17
4. God does not see gender.
"For he himself is our peace, who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility..." — Ephesians 2:14
5. Gender equality promotes peace.
"Make every effort to live in peace with everyone and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord." Hebrews 12:14
6. The Bible says to love people as you love yourself.
"Love your neighbor as yourself, there is no greater commandment than this." Mark 12:31
7. According to the Bible, everyone is equal because all are children of God.
"Rich and poor have this in common: The LORD is the Maker of them all." Proverbs 22:2
Kaitlin Kaiser is a writer who covers astrology, pop culture and relationships topics. |
Fluoride is a mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal oral health. It is widely recognized for strengthening teeth and preventing tooth decay.
The introduction of fluoride in dental care has significantly contributed to the decline in cavities and improved overall dental health.
When we consume fluoride, it integrates into the structure of our teeth, making them more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria and sugary foods. This process, known as remineralization, helps repair the early stages of tooth decay and prevents further damage.
What is Remineralization from Fluoride?
Tooth enamel, the outermost layer of teeth, is constantly undergoing a process of demineralization and remineralization.
Minerals are lost (demineralization) from the enamel layer when acids from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth attack the enamel.
Fluoride aids in remineralization, depositing minerals back onto the enamel layer to repair damage caused by demineralization.
By strengthening the enamel, the outer protective layer of the teeth, fluoride acts as a shield against harmful bacteria and acids.
One of the main benefits of fluoride is its ability to reverse the demineralization process.
When acid from bacteria erodes the enamel, fluoride helps to rebuild and strengthen it. This means that fluoride helps prevent tooth decay but also aids in repairing early signs of decay before they progress into cavities.
Decay Prevention
By enhancing remineralization, fluoride helps repair early decay before a cavity forms in the tooth. It also inhibits the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, further protecting teeth from decay.
Resistance to Acids
Fluoride changes the chemical structure of the tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks. This reduces the risk of cavities.
Benefits for Children and Adults
In children, fluoride integrates into the development of permanent teeth, making it difficult for acids to demineralize the teeth. Fluoride benefits adults, too, particularly those with a history of dental issues or a higher risk of cavities.
Fluoride is delivered to teeth in two ways:
1) Topical Fluoride
Applied directly to the enamel through fluoride-containing dental products like toothpaste, mouth rinses, and gels.
Professional fluoride treatments in dental offices are more potent than over-the-counter products.
2) Systemic Fluoride
Ingested into the body when people drink water that contains fluoride or consume fluoride supplements.
Once ingested, systemic fluoride is incorporated into developing tooth structures.
It is also present in saliva, which continuously bathes the teeth, providing a reservoir of fluoride that can be incorporated into the tooth surface to protect against decay.
Fluoride can be obtained through various sources. Many municipalities add fluoride to their public water supplies, a safe and effective way to provide fluoride to a large population.
Additionally, fluoride is present in toothpaste, mouth rinses, and professional dental treatments.
Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinses can significantly enhance the protective benefits of fluoride.
For children, fluoride is essential during tooth development. It helps form strong, healthy teeth that are more resistant to decay.
Children can benefit from fluoride treatments and toothpaste use under their dentist's guidance.
However, it is important to use fluoride products appropriately and as directed to avoid excessive fluoride intake, which can lead to fluorosis.
Improve Your Oral Health Care and Smile
At Amazing Smiles, we recognize the importance of fluoride in maintaining optimal oral health.
Our dental professionals are well-versed in the benefits of fluoride and can provide personalized recommendations for fluoride treatments tailored to your specific needs.
We offer fluoride treatments for children and adults to help strengthen teeth, prevent decay, and promote long-lasting oral health.
Regular dental check-ups and cleanings at Amazing Smiles allow our dental team to monitor your fluoride needs and ensure that you receive the appropriate level of fluoride protection.
Our caring and knowledgeable staff can address any questions or concerns about fluoride and its benefits.
Fluoride is a valuable tool in the fight against tooth decay and in promoting stronger, healthier teeth.
By incorporating fluoride into your oral care routine and visiting Amazing Smiles regularly, you can give your teeth the extra support they need to stay strong and beautiful for years.
Invest in your oral health today and experience the remarkable benefits of fluoride. |
Falls resulting from trips are a leading cause of injury and can sometimes result in death, especially in the older population. Numerous researchers have studied the biomechanical mechanisms that differentiate fallers from nonfallers and determined whether training can beneficially impact those outcomes. Exercise and task-specific interventions have demonstrated fewer falls after trips but can be costly and often require specialized equipment, making their applicability less practical. Qualified health and fitness practitioners can develop evidence-informed, exercise-based programs focusing on 3 components (balance training, task-specific training, and resistance exercise). Such programs may help to reduce fall risk in older adults based on previously documented studies identifying the biomechanical demands of a successful fall arrest after a trip perturbation. These multicomponent programs should include a safe task-specific training element that does not require specialized equipment. |
Creating a Digital Campus Environment: Strategies, Trends, and Industry Impact
Creating a Digital Campus Environment has become a top priority for educational institutions around the world. With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing demand for digital learning, universities and colleges are looking for innovative ways to transform their campus experience. In this article, we will explore the strategies, trends, and industry impact of creating a digital campus environment. From online learning platforms to virtual classrooms, we will dive into the various elements that make up a successful digital campus. This article is part of our Silo on Digital Transformation in Education, specifically focusing on the Student and Campus Experience. Whether you are an educator, student, or simply interested in the future of education, this article will provide valuable insights into the world of digital campuses. So let's begin our journey into the exciting world of creating a digital campus environment.
To start off, it's important to understand that creating a digital campus environment is not just about incorporating technology into the classroom. It involves a comprehensive approach that integrates digital tools, processes, and culture to transform the entire learning experience. This includes using cutting-edge technology to deliver engaging content and interactive learning activities, implementing efficient digital processes for administrative tasks, and fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability among students and faculty. By doing so, educational institutions can not only keep up with the ever-changing digital landscape but also stay ahead of the curve.
When it comes to strategies for creating a digital campus environment, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Each institution will have its own unique goals and challenges that require tailored solutions. However, some key strategies that have proven to be effective include investing in the right technology and infrastructure, providing training and support for students and faculty to use these tools effectively, and constantly monitoring and evaluating the impact of these strategies on student success.
In terms of trends in digital transformation in education, one of the most significant developments is the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. These technologies can help personalize learning experiences for students, automate administrative tasks, and provide valuable insights for decision-making. Another trend is the use of virtual and augmented reality to enhance the learning experience and make it more immersive and interactive. Additionally, the rise of remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital tools and processes, making them an essential component of any digital campus environment.
Successful Examples of Digital Transformation in Education
To further understand the impact of creating a digital campus environment, let's take a look at some successful examples.
Tools to Aid in the Process
Incorporating the right technology is crucial for a successful digital transformation. Some popular tools include learning management systems, virtual classroom platforms, data analytics software, and more.
Industry Impact of Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is not limited to education; it has also significantly impacted other industries such as business, healthcare, and finance. By staying updated on industry trends and developments, educational institutions can better prepare students for the job market and equip them with the necessary skills for success.
Consulting Services to Guide You
In today's rapidly changing digital landscape, educational institutions are facing increasing pressure to adapt and evolve. With the help of consulting services, schools and universities can navigate this complex environment and successfully transform their campuses into digital hubs of learning and innovation.
These consulting services offer a wealth of expertise and knowledge in the field of educational technology and digital transformation. They can provide guidance on everything from selecting the right technology solutions to implementing them effectively within a campus setting.
By working closely with these consulting services, institutions can create a tailored plan that meets their specific needs and goals. From designing a user-friendly interface to streamlining administrative processes, these experts can help schools and universities create a truly digital campus environment.
Furthermore, consulting services can also offer ongoing support and training to ensure that institutions are utilizing their digital tools to their full potential. This not only helps students and faculty to fully embrace the digital campus experience, but it also maximizes the overall impact of the institution's digital transformation.
In conclusion, creating a digital campus environment is a complex process that requires a multi-faceted approach. By incorporating the right strategies, keeping up with trends and developments, and leveraging the right tools and services, institutions can ensure a seamless digital transformation that benefits both students and faculty. As we continue to navigate through this ever-changing digital landscape, it's crucial for educational institutions to prioritize digital transformation to provide a high-quality learning experience that prepares students for the future. |
We all learn from experience – the good and the bad! So when you're thinking about communicating something important to you, ask yourself what has helped you communicate effectively in the past and what has made it more difficult.
Communicating your message
Choose the right time
Plan ahead and choose a time when no other important topics will be discussed, and a location with few distractions.
Try to stay calm
If you have something important to say, there might be a lot of emotions tied up in your reasons for communicating. Feeling emotional isn't a bad thing, but it can be hard to think and speak clearly when your emotions are too strong.
Using strategies to keep calm will help you communicate your message more effectively. Preparing your thoughts and composing yourself ahead of time will help you share the message you want to give in the way that you want to give it.
- Before your conversation: Take time to chill out. Listen to music, sit quietly, go for a walk or do whatever works for you to relax.
- During your conversation: If you feel yourself getting emotional or upset, practise taking a few deep breaths. Focus on the movement of your breath, in and out. Tell the person that you're communicating with that you need a moment to collect your thoughts, and then start again. Pausing during a conversation is a good idea so that you have time to think before you respond. Sometimes when we are worried or feel emotional during a conversation we may think that there has been a long silence when only a few seconds have gone by. To practise taking a pause in the conversation the next time you have a conversation with your parents or friends count to 10 in your head before you respond. This will give you an idea of how long 10 seconds is and you may feel more comfortable with pausing when you need time to think before you respond in the future.
Remember to listen
Most times, the best way to communicate is to be a good listener first! Always let the person you're talking with finish what they are saying before jumping in. Even though what you need to say in response might feel very important, waiting until they are done speaking will show that you value what they say.
Make sure to truly listen to the person you are communicating with. Don't spend your time preparing your response to their comments while they are speaking. Carefully consider what they are saying and then decide what to say. When other people know that you are trying hard to listen to and understand them, they may be much more likely to want to hear what you have to say.
Be aware of your body language
Did you know that more than 90 percent of communication is non-verbal? In other words, your body language and tone of voice play a larger role than the words you use when you communicate with others. The way you stand, your eye contact, your facial expression and the tone of your voice all help the person you are communicating with figure out the meaning of the words you are using. Try your best to face towards the person you're speaking to, lean in and look them in the eyes. Don't do things like roll your eyes, check your phone or look at the clock.
Use "I" statements instead of "you" statements
This helps you to identify and stand by your feelings and ensure that the other person does not feel the need to defend themselves. For example try saying "I felt angry when I was told that I needed to be admitted to the hospital" instead of "You made me so angry when you told me that I needed to be admitted into the hospital."
Be specific
Say exactly what you mean and mean what you say. Be clear about what you want when you communicate your goal and state your point as directly as you can. For example, if you want to be more involved in making decisions try saying, "I want to be asked for my opinion when a decision involving me needs to be made."
Ask questions
Check to see whether you understand the other person and whether that person has understood you by asking follow-up questions.
Avoid mind reading
Don't try to read other people's minds and don't expect them to read yours. Again, ask questions to clarify what you know and share your thoughts clearly to help the other person understand exactly what you mean.
After communicating your message
Reward yourself
Communicating can be difficult, so when you go through the effort of doing something difficult, remember to pat yourself on the back for trying!
Reflect on how it went
Afterwards, think back to your goal. Did you achieve it? What went well? What could have gone better? What would you do differently in the future? If things didn't go as well as you had hoped, make a plan for how you will change what you do next time.
You are the expert on your own thoughts, feelings and body. Communicating about things that are important to you can be difficult at first, but start small and it will get easier with practice and feedback. |
Lottery is a form of gambling in which people purchase tickets for a chance to win a prize based on random numbers. The prizes are usually cash or goods. In the past, lottery games have also been used to raise funds for towns, wars, and public works projects. People can even participate in a lottery to get subsidized housing or kindergarten placements.
The drawing of lots to determine ownership or other rights has been recorded in many ancient documents, including the Bible. Modern state-sponsored lotteries are a popular source of revenue for public services, though critics charge that lottery advertising frequently presents misleading information about the odds of winning the jackpot and inflates the value of the money won (since most lottery prizes are paid in equal annual installments over 20 years, inflation dramatically erodes their current value).
To increase your chances of becoming a lottery winner, choose random numbers that aren't close together. You should also avoid playing numbers that have sentimental value, such as birthdays or significant dates. Instead, seek out less-popular lottery games that have fewer players. This will decrease your competition and significantly increase your chances of winning.
Lotteries have a broad base of support in states where they are legal. They draw support from convenience store operators, who sell tickets; lottery suppliers (who often make heavy contributions to state political campaigns); teachers, in states where lottery revenues are earmarked for education; and the general public, including people who have won the lottery and have found that the money has made their lives better. |
Developing desert tourism in the Kingdom
The World Tourism Organization says deserts have a huge potential and appeal when it comes to environmental tourism
The World Tourism Organization recently announced that deserts have a huge potential and appeal when it comes to environmental tourism. For a country like Saudi Arabia, where a huge segment of its geographical area is covered by desert, there is great potential to develop desert tourism, Al-Riyadh daily reported.
The Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) has played an important role in increasing all types of tourism in the Kingdom but there are many areas for potential improvement.
Transforming Saudi deserts from empty wastelands to money generators has the added bonus of creating seasonal jobs for Saudi youth.
Desert tourism will attract people with different tastes such as those with a love for adventure and discovery, to people who like discovering new and exotic animal and plant life and those who have a passion for sand surfing, dune riding and camping.
The head of the SCTA's Hail branch, Mubarak Al-Salamah, emphasized the importance of increasing government efforts to protect the environment and boost public parks.
Al-Salamah also encouraged the private sector to invest in wild life parks and support cultural festivals such as the Hail Desert Life Festival.
"There is a lot of potential for investment. There needs to be support for the restoration of historical landmarks and handicrafts that are region-specific, building and expanding of current walking trails and tour operators that plan and organize tourism trips," he said.
"All parties participating should take into consideration the protection and preservation of the delicate desert environment to ensure it continues to exist for years to come," he added.
Al-Salamah said Saudi deserts are full of historical landmarks, which reveal a lot about the colonies and peoples that occupied these lands in the past, and suggested that the private and state sectors work together to show the true face of these landmarks by enacting measures that will educate and attract local and international tourists.
He also said different desert sports such as rallies, horse and camel races, sand surfing and desert activities like trekking and hiking are some of the activities that should be included in tourism packages.
The head of SCTA in Al-Ahsa, Ali Bin Tahir Al-Haji, said the commission has worked tirelessly to improve tourist attractions and conducted research and development studies to test an attraction's marketability.
Ali Al-Eesa, a desert enthusiast, said desert tourism was appealing not only to those living in the Arabian Peninsula but also to tourists from Western countries that find the desert captivating, especially in winter and spring seasons when the climate is significantly warmer compared to their own countries.
"Westerners also find the nomads very intriguing. I have complete confidence in the success of this type of tourism if the basics are provided such as functional restrooms and campsites.
"They should restrict desert tourism to rallies and festivals and there needs to be a continued push to increase the type of activities offered to tourists such as dune riding and camping. Many Gulf countries have already implemented and succeeded in organizing family desert trips," he said.
Jaffar Mohammad Sultan, a desert safari organizer in Al-Ahsa, said desert tourism appeals to nature lovers who enjoy the peace and tranquility of the desert, sports enthusiasts and people keen to explore the desert.
"The desert's most attractive feature is that it has two equally beautiful personalities – one in the morning and the other at night, which eliminates any feeling of boredom or redundancy that tourists might feel elsewhere. These features can be utilized in attracting tourists of different styles and tastes. Al-Ahsa, for example, has Asfar Lake, which is a one of a kind lake in the eastern region of the Kingdom. Al-Ahsa also has fascinating salt marshes and water wells that add beauty, uniqueness and allurement to the area," he said.
Sultan said he expects Saudi Arabia to make huge strides when it comes to desert tourism and encouraged tourists to respect the country's natural resources by being careful not to disturb plant and animal life, keeping areas clean by discarding waste in their designated areas and conserving the beauty of the desert.
This article was published in the Saudi Gazette on May 30, 2014.
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If you're looking for some amazing adventures in Canada's national parks, you might want to skip the usual suspects and head to some of the lesser-known gems. Here are 10 under-the-radar experiences that will make your trip unforgettable.
Walk on the ocean floor at Fundy National Park
Fundy National Park in New Brunswick is home to the world's highest tides, which can reach up to 50 feet. This means that you can walk on the ocean floor at low tide, exploring the rock formations, tidal pools, and marine life. Then, you can return at high tide and kayak over the same spot, marveling at the dramatic change. Don't miss the nearby Hopewell Rocks, where you can see the iconic flowerpot-shaped rocks that have been sculpted by the waves.
Visit the birthplace of Anne of Green Gables at Prince Edward Island National Park
Prince Edward Island National Park is a must-see for fans of Anne of Green Gables, the beloved novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery. You can visit Green Gables Heritage Place, where you can see the farmhouse that inspired the book, stroll through the gardens, and learn about the author's life. You can also explore the park's stunning scenery, including red sand beaches, sand dunes, cliffs, and forests. Don't forget to try some of the island's famous seafood and potatoes.
Ski on pristine powder at Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park in Alberta is the largest national park in the Canadian Rockies, and a paradise for skiers and snowboarders. You can choose from four ski areas, each with its own character and terrain. Marmot Basin is the most popular, with 91 runs and 3,000 feet of vertical drop. Jasper SkyTram is a scenic ride that takes you to the summit of Whistlers Mountain, where you can enjoy panoramic views and access to backcountry trails. Pyramid Lake Resort is a cozy retreat with cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and ice skating. And Fairmont Jasper Park Lodge is a luxury resort with a golf course that turns into a ski trail in winter.
See ancient fossils at Yoho National Park
Yoho National Park in British Columbia is one of the oldest national parks in Canada, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It's famous for its fossils, which date back to over 500 million years ago. You can visit the Burgess Shale, where you can see some of the best-preserved specimens of early life on Earth, including strange creatures like trilobites, worms, and sponges. You can also admire the park's natural wonders, such as Emerald Lake, Takakkaw Falls, and Lake O'Hara.
Experience Indigenous culture at Pukaskwa National Park
Pukaskwa National Park in Ontario is a remote wilderness park on the shores of Lake Superior. It's a place where you can immerse yourself in Indigenous culture, history, and spirituality. You can join guided tours led by local Anishinaabe people, who will share their stories, traditions, and knowledge of the land. You can also visit cultural sites like petroglyphs, pictographs, and burial grounds. And you can explore the park's diverse landscapes, from rocky coastlines and sandy beaches to boreal forests and wetlands.
Watch wildlife at Riding Mountain National Park
Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba is one of the best places to see wildlife in Canada. The park has a large population of bison, which roam freely in a fenced area called the Bison Enclosure. You can drive or bike along the Bison Loop Road, where you might spot these majestic animals grazing or resting. You can also look for other wildlife like moose, elk, deer, bears, wolves, lynx, and more than 250 species of birds. The park also has a variety of habitats, from grasslands and forests to lakes and marshes.
Hike among hoodoos at Grasslands National Park
Grasslands National Park in Saskatchewan is a rare example of undisturbed mixed-grass prairie ecosystem. It's home to some unique geological features called hoodoos, which are pillars of rock topped with harder stone that protect them from erosion. You can hike among these hoodoos, which have different shapes and sizes, and learn about their formation and significance. You can also enjoy the park's wide-open spaces, rolling hills, and colorful wildflowers. And you can see some of the wildlife that live in the grasslands, such as pronghorn antelope, black-tailed prairie dogs, and burrowing owls.
Explore a volcanic landscape at Auyuittuq National Park
Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut is a land of ice and rock, where you can experience the Arctic wilderness. The park is located on Baffin Island, and covers part of the Penny Ice Cap and the Cumberland Peninsula. It's named after an Inuktitut word that means "the land that never melts". You can explore the park's volcanic landscape, which features glaciers, fjords, mountains, and valleys. You can also see some of the wildlife that adapt to the harsh conditions, such as polar bears, caribou, arctic foxes, and snowy owls.
Kayak among whales at Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park
Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park in Quebec is a marine protected area that encompasses the mouth of the Saguenay River and a part of the St. Lawrence Estuary. It's one of the best places to see whales in Canada, as it's a feeding ground for several species, including belugas, blue whales, humpback whales, and minke whales.
Camp under the stars at Kluane National Park
Kluane National Park in Yukon is a vast wilderness area that covers part of the St. Elias Mountains and the largest ice field outside of the polar regions. It's also a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Dark Sky Preserve, which means that it has minimal light pollution and optimal conditions for stargazing. You can camp under the stars at one of the park's campgrounds or backcountry sites, and enjoy the spectacular night sky. You can also hike, bike, ski, or snowshoe on the park's trails, or take a flightseeing tour over the glaciers and peaks. |
Interntionalist Youth Perspective
1. Situation of the youth
We are living in a worldwide situation of chaos and emergency, wherein the youth are facing many specific difficulties. Identity crisis, foul play, and unconventional war are some of the leading problems that we endure today. For that reason, it is important to recognize ourselves as youth, recognize in ourselves a revolutionary identity, research our history and thus illuminate our path forward. In the system in which we live, called Capitalist Modernity in our movement, the role of the youth is very clear. The youth is exploited at all levels, using its energy and dynamism to sustain the system. This is done either by working without a rest for unsustainable wages, fighting in wars to protect economic and political interests that have nothing to do with us, or – especially in the case of young women – seeing our bodies exploited to sell a consumerist and individualistic lifestyle that is devoid of meaning.
This form of domination, in which the youth is manipulated to serve the interests of the powerful, is what we call gerontocracy. Taking advantage of our lack of experience, knowledge and organization, the system forms young minds by trying to cut the wings to our search of truth and freedom. The historical origins of this relationship can be seen in the society that existed prior to rise of the state and the class divison more than 5000 years ago. Even though this society lived in a communal and egalitarian way organized around the leadership of women, old men used their knowledge and cunning to convince the youth to accept their own slavery, and to become soldiers that impose the exploitation of women and of the whole society.
Today, the forms and tactics of the system have changed, but the essence is the same. We live this reality each day. From father to child, from boss to employee, from older brother to younger sibling, from experienced militant to young militant, we always find the same dynamic that rejects new ideas and possibilities in favour of maintaining the existing system. How many times have we heard sentences like "you are too young to understand," "when you get older you will change your ideas," or "it is so because I say so"? We can't see this as a situation that only affects us individually. These sentences are part of a social process that aims to control the youth by tying them to the dominant system. This is how they appropriate our strength, our dynamism, our intelligence and our curiosity. This is how the excuse of 'having more experience' is used to legitimise the misuse and abuse of the power that this experience brings.
So what are we? As young people and young women, this question could be strange for us. Does our identity really exist? Do we have a specific revolutionary function? Do we need to get organized autonomously? We should find the answer to these questions ourselves. If we don't, others will do it for us. We can see already in every war – most recently in Russia and Ukraine – that wars are built on the blood of young people tricked into fighting for a supposed homeland. At the same time, we can see how in every brothel we found young women coerced into serving as slaves of the patriarchy.
In all the advertisements, the youth is used as a publicity tactic directed towards the middle classes. In each university they steal our time and intellect to their own benefit. In all the jobs they exploit us to continue making money. We are objects of control everywhere. We are used to satisfy the power and capital desires of the powerful on large and small scales. But as youth, the moment to say "enough" has arrived. Examples in history show that the youth can free themselves from their chains, and become a liberation force. It is no coincidence that most of the revolutionary organizations in the 20th century were founded by young people. In collective development, we come to know our strength, and realise what are we capable of. Here lies the revolutionary potential of the youth. This system is afraid of us, because our capability to create, defend, and develop our communities is so strong. This is why we must know ourselves, and thus take the step to organize ourselves.
2. World Youth Conference and Democratic World Confederalism of the Youth as a response to the problems of the youth:
At this historical moment, we see the need to act and we have the will to act. For that reason, last November, we decided to organize the first World Conference of the Youth, under the slogan "Youth Writing History". At the conference, we saw ourselves in those around us. We saw young people from all the continents facing similar problems. We found that we want to develop common tools. And we found that the exchange of revolutionary experiences helped us to build up a common vision of both the general and specific necessities of our struggle. We realized that we face similar problems inside our organizations, that we have to organize our collective will to develop our role as youth in the frame of the global revolution. If we don't get organized and if we don't unite ourselves, then nobody will listen to us.
This World Youth Conference was a success. It was a first contact, a first demonstration of what we can do, a space to exchange and discuss our practices, and a moment to remind us that we are not alone in our struggle. With these discussions we began to develop a framework for joint action. In this regard, we have created the Youth Writing History network, that could be a central point for the global action of the youth. It is a horizontal network where we will give each other strength, and from which we will answer the specific attacks we receive as youth. These attacks materialize in different ways, for example, the forced migrations from the south to the global north, as a consequence of imposed poverty in many cases. In Kurdistan, we see the forced migration of thousands of young people who are left with three options: prison, death, or Europe.
More than four-hundred youth from forty-five countries and ninety-five organizations, movements and parties attended the conference. This is not a simple matter of numbers, but of the great will that was expressed, and how we get engaged in concrete steps towards our objectives. The conference was not only the result of years of work, it was a starting point of praxis, in our path to freedom. Each person came with their own will. Each youth organization, party and movement came because they saw the need to write history. Large and small organizations from five continents participated in the conference, where the ability to gather together allowed us to identify two fundamental elements: a common enemy, and the will to build a fair and egalitarian world. We overcame the ideological distinctions – anarchism, Marxism-Leninism, feminism, ecologism – to deliver a message to the world: "Youth striving for freedom is unstoppable."
This is why we evaluate the conference as a historical step. For many years, the world had not seen the youth show the will to take possession of their future, and could hardly imagine what the free will of the youth means. We are moving forward to the development of a global-subject and a youth identity that seeks its own path. In the last years, we have seen how the imperialist forces have tried to organize the youth, using their youthful dynamism and participation in protests and mass actions to impose imperialist regimes and to justify new ideological offensives of the liberalism. For that reason, this conference held a vital importance, as it was positioned outside the potential benefit of any imperial force. Instead, it allowed the youth to gather, take strength, and fight for their freedom while seeking to reinforce, in every context, a diverse and determined youth independent from any external oppressive force. This conference is a base for the autonomous global action of the youth. It was essentially an anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, anti-patriarchal conference of the youth by and for itself.
We organized various workshops during the conference that allowed us to learn different perspectives around these topics. Today, the youth face forced migration, exposure to the harshest forms of liberalism, environmental destruction, patriarchal violence, and exploitation as a tool for the development of militarism and of the fascism. We don't have a voice inside the education of the system and cannot define how we want to be educated. In light of these attacks, we discussed the problems of the indigenous youth, of the oppressed peoples, and how to implement our own economy free of exploitation and gerontocracy. We also started to connect with our history and discussed the need to organise ourselves internationally. Above all, we talked about our need for freedom, and about how that search for freedom guides us.
It is impossible to convey in a few lines everything that happened in the conference. What we know is that we are going to continue taking steps towards a global youth struggle. We now have a strong alliance and a shared declaration that will allow us to advance. We are going to continue gathering, discussing, and reinforcing our local activities with international action. In world shaped by war, environmental destruction, macho violence and the feminicide, the youth must play a role of change.
All through the present century we have seen some notable youth mobilisations in the form of protests for democracy, for the defence of the indigenous peoples, for an ecologial relationship between humans and our environment, and for the liberation of women and against all forms of patriarchal violence. We have seen vital economic and organizational alternatives building up and developing large efforts for change across society. This shows that the youth have a vision that opposes the current state of the world, and that if they organize globally, they will be a vanguard that will guide the global change. For that reason it is important to unify and be organized, to create democratic structures with the capacity to reunite the diversity of the youth and confront the attacks of the enemy, and through this to bring freedom to young people and society in general. We have to fight to experiment with freedom, and to fight we must organize ourselves. This Third World War is showing us – as we said in the previous edition – that the global system is going through a reorganization, that we live in a period of chaos, and that we are advancing towards a multi-polar world with many points of oppressive powers in constant confrontation each other. We can see diverse forces participating in this war, with all types and colours of nation-states unifying to gain power, while breaking old alliances and changing their accomplices. This confrontation affects our daily lives, because material conditions worldwide are worsening for the working class, the women, the youth and the planet.
The middle class dream – the American or European way of life – is vanishing between misery and environmental destruction. The woman is facing the deepest violent offensive against her freedom: the absolute liberalization and commercialisation of her body, mind, and identity. The youth is told to search for false hope in nihilism, filling the void of alienation with an empty freedom defined by drugs, alcohol, religious or sport fanaticism, addiction and dependency to work or studying, and toxic relationships at every level of their personal lives. These are all direct effects of the capitalist system, with capitalism's monopolistic power necessary for the development of the Third World War. In stopping this war, we must reclaim our identity.
To promote, push, and make moves toward freedom for the world, we must break the imposed schemes inflicted on our mentalities and in our daily life, and instead build an organised alternative to the current system. Today, we can see some steps being taken to realise this potential, from the indigenous communities organisation in Abya Yala, to the revolutionary participation of the youth from Myanmar to the Philippines, Palestine, and Mali. In several places, youth are taking the initiative and organising themselves to face their own problems and those of their society simultaneously. Likewise, in the Global North the youth has not remained still and silent in the face of the ecological disaster imposed by the North American and European capitalists. In this point it is important to emphasize the great hypocrisy of the hegemonic system. At the same time as they destroy the environment, they invest millions of dollars in summits that mask this ongoing destruction while legitimising authoritarian regimes. Nowhere is this dynamic clearer than in the fact that the next COP29 will be Azerbaijan despite its brutal occupation and invasion of the Armenian region of Artsakh. Fashionable greenwashing has become the tool with which ongoing colonial violence and ecological devastation is concealed.
The Youth are organizing against these conditions of exploitation in schools, workplaces, and neighbourhoods. In Kurdistan and the Middle East more generally, the youth have taken a vanguard role in the revolutionary development. However, in our own context we see limitations in the many organisations that do not reflect on the role of youth and so suppress their free will and revolutionary spirit. We also see that the youth organizations can easily be ideologically assimilated into liberalism and fall into either reformism or classical leftist purism and dogmatism, both of which separate youth from society and deactivate our struggle.
The answer is to struggle, to organize, and to educate. But we are conscious of the long way ahead of us, and that today we as youth are still in a limited phase of self-consciousness and organization. We must develop our theory and practice into a global vanguard force. We can't say that we are one today, but we can say that we have the determination to become one.
We can call the alternative system that we want to create: Democratic World Confederalism of the Youth. This is framed inside the paradigm of World Democratic Confederalism, proposed by the ideological leader of the Kurdistan Liberation Movement, Abdullah Öcalan, as an alternative system to the global capitalistic order. Inside this social system there are various forms of autonomous organisation, with the most fundamental being the autonomy of Women (Democratic World Confederalism of the Women) and the autonomy of Youth (Democratic World Confederalism of the Youth). With this idea, we do not claim to create a unique youth identity, since it is not possible to pretend that the great diversity of youth could be unified under only one body and one reality. No one can impose one identity to the youth. What we believe is necessary is to unify the different existing youths in a common system of autonomous self-organisation that will allow us recognize ourselves, advance together in struggle, and understand what it means to develop revolutionary movements that reach to the very heart of the Capitalist Modernity and make it explode. We are not saying that we have to destroy the capitalist system from inside. Instead, with the alternative that we are building, we will give society back its own capacity to lead itself, and we would develop our ability to resist any attacks wanting to steal this capacity again.
This is how we can create a real inclusive and representative system of youth across the world. We no longer talk about the union of revolutionary organization, but about an organizational form of the global youth; a space where each young person can participate through communes and councils to contribute to the development of all humanity. This is how we can contribute to the progress of an ecological, democratic world, where the women and youth can be totally free.
3. Conclusions: Organization and struggle
In Abya Yala, Africa, Asia, and across the Global North, in cities and in rural communities, in centres and peripheries, the youth have a role. The youth are not here only to protest against the misfortunes of the system, but can build up, promote, and renew their communities physically and ideologically, standing by the side of the woman as the vanguard of social change. For each thing destroyed by wickedness, the revolutionary youth identify and fill the gaps, by building up the alternative in a more free, communal, and democratic dimension. The Italian revolutionary Antonio Gramsci once said "educate, organize, mobilize yourselves." This is of critical importance for the construction of the Democratic World Confederalism of the Youth. Read, educate yourselves, discuss, write, take part in seminars, educations, actions, meet, act, create structures to solve the problems. The way in which we do this will be the creative foundation for the development of our Confederalism inside a global frame.
The vanguard role that we have to play is to ensure our ideological and physical strength be used to advance society towards freedom. From today, the youth will redraw the flow of history, and facilitate the free flow of society's energy. For this purpose, we must continue to concretize the lines developed in the World Youth Conference, and advance toward the global revolution. We have agreed ten points, and now we have to develop them. We have a lot of work ahead of us.
We champion the testimony of yesterday's many young revolutionaries, bringing them to life, and thus building the future. As Abdullah Öcalan said, "young we started, young we will win." |
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Severe Weather can occur at any time of the year, but the most common time of the year is during the spring and fall seasons. This is typically when Central North Carolina can experience the worst periods of severe weather. Residents and visitors in Raleigh should make efforts to ensure to be prepared for severe weather. Severe Weather information can help residents take action to protect life and property.
There is a Statewide Tornado Drill scheduled for Wednesday, March 6 at 9:30 a.m.
Severe Weather Preparedness Week
Severe Weather Preparedness Week is March 3-9 and will highlight a specific severe weather topic each day. Visit the links below to learn more details about each topic and how to prepare for them.
Date | Topic |
Sunday, March 3 | Overview of the week |
Monday, March 4 | Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes |
Tuesday, March 5 | Ways to receive severe weather alerts, and information about the Statewide Tornado Drill |
Wednesday, March 6 | Staying safe when high winds, hail, and tornadoes strike |
Thursday, March 7 | Lightning safety |
Friday, March 8 | Flash flood safety |
Saturday, March 9 | Make a plan and encourage others to do the same |
Types of Severe Weather
Click through the images to learn more about the different types of severe weather. This information is provided by the National Weather Service.
Severe Weather Alerts
The easiest way to receive severe weather alerts is to set up Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) on your smartphone. These alerts do not require an app. When the location of your phone is issued a Flash Flood Warning or a Tornado Warning, the alert will be sent directly to your phone like a text message.
Other ways to receive weather alerts include:
- Ready Wake Weather Alerts
- NOAA Weather Radio
- Weather Apps
- Social Media, local media, and from friends and family
Preparing for Severe Weather
The best way to stay safe during severe weather is by making a Severe Weather Safety Plan with friends and family to know where to go and what to do during emergencies.
Tornado Safety
When a Tornado Warning is issued, residents should seek safe shelter immediately. The vast majority of injuries and deaths occur from flying debris. Move to the lowest floor of your home or business, and into an interior room, closest, bathroom, or hallway without winds. Use pillows, mattresses, and even bicycle or motorcycle helmets to protect yourself from flying debris. If in a mobile home or car, take shelter in the nearest business or a ditch if that's possible.
Flood Safety
Pay attention to road closures during flash flooding. Barriers and detours are put in place for safety. Most importantly, emergencies should be reported to 911. Stay updated on flooded streets and roads in Raleigh by Tracking Storms with Us and following Raleigh Water on Twitter and Facebook for urgent storm alerts. |
in Ivory Coast, the diasporas of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger scan the horizon | EUROtoday
En Ivory Coast, 22% of inhabitants should not have Ivorian nationality, based on a 2021 census. Among them, many members of the Burkinabé, Malian and Nigerien communities who alone characterize greater than 6 million people typically put in for a number of generations. It is on this context that the latest lifting of sanctions by the Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was welcomed. Reactions amongst these diasporas are combined; whereas some view the way forward for regional relations with nice optimism, others are starting to be overcome by concern within the face of a tense political state of affairs that would compromise their future.
As a reminder, on February 24, the regional group determined to raise the heavy sanctions beforehand concentrating on the Republic of Niger. The nation has thus seen its borders and airspace reopen. Financial transactions with different Member States have been additionally capable of resume. In the method, Guinea and Mali have been additionally topic to a discount in additional political sanctions: Guinean leaders noticed their belongings unfrozen and Malian nationals are as soon as once more eligible for positions inside ECOWAS. Among the international locations in transition within the Sahel zone, solely Burkina Faso was not affected by these bulletins.
Between reduction and restraint
A bit over a month after the bulletins, many voices stay discreet, and we regularly choose to keep away from this topic thought-about delicate. For most Burkinabés and Malians in Côte d'Ivoire, it's nonetheless time for restraint and remark. However, the primary ideas of Yves, a forty-year-old from Burkina Faso properly established within the tourism sector, are for the inhabitants of Niger: "It is a great relief for the Nigeriens because, as usual, it is the people who suffered the most from discord between leaders. » ECOWAS had also justified this first lifting of sanctions by "humanitarian reasons". The resumption of border commerce ought to partly treatment the meals disaster which is at the moment affecting many Nigerien households.
Hamed Savadogo, president of the National Council of Burkinabé Youth in Ivory Coast, welcomes the progress for Guinea, Mali and Niger though Burkina Faso is excluded. He sees in these bulletins a risk for the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) to return to the negotiating desk; group that he doesn't fail to castigate: "This withdrawal of several States is a time bomb in West Africa, their political identity is based on resentment and desires. What can we build with this? »
Beyond opinions, a desire for dialogue
Regardless of each person's political position, the Burkinabés and Malians of Côte d'Ivoire seem to agree on this point: to avoid a deadlock situation. All those interviewed hope for a rapid resumption of dialogue between the authorities of their country of origin and ECOWAS. They thus intend to retain their rights conferred by belonging to the same organization. This is the case, for example, of many Malian students from Ivory Coast whose representatives half-heartedly admit that if the status of foreigners were to change, the study conditions for young people from their community would change. would find degraded. In question, tuition fees which could increase and new residence conditions.
This last point is a major concern, namely a possible calling into question of the "freedom of movement and residence" permitted till now by the West African group. Malians and Burkinabés concern, actually, someday having to pay onerous charges to acquire a residence allow: "300,000 CFA francs each year would be an insurmountable burden for many precarious workers, such as those in the agricultural sector", confides Yves.
Fear of being stigmatized
Like Mr. Savadogo, many concern the potential repercussions on their group within the occasion of a political rupture: "We can not envisage a divide between our peoples, every thing brings us collectively, beginning with the borders. If tomorrow our nationals are not licensed to dwell freely in Côte d'Ivoire, we concern that they could be stigmatized by the inhabitants and that they are going to endure extra unequal therapy each day. »
This delegate from the Burkinabé group of the San Pedro area additionally attracts a parallel with the successive political crises which have punctuated the historical past of the nation: "We, the Burkinabés of Côte d'Ivoire, skilled painful moments from 1999 to 2011. Relatives misplaced their property whereas others misplaced their lives. We know what crises produce, we don't need any extra of that. »
When doubt units in
Among these interviewed, many have been skeptical about the potential of an actual exit from ECOWAS. The arguments put ahead are the deep roots of those massive diasporas in addition to their financial weight within the stability of Côte d'Ivoire and the West African area.
In this regard, the Ivory Coast Private Investment Promotion Center (Cepici) revealed, on February 22, the id of the primary direct investor which was none aside from Burkina Faso for the yr 2023. Maïga, a Malian port agent based mostly in Abidjan assures him, financial exchanges are too essential to be restricted: "Since the start of the tensions, the industrial hyperlinks which unite Ivory Coast and Mali have by no means been affected. »
Others are much less optimistic, like Yves who recollects the democratic expectations of ECOWAS that the juntas in energy are struggling to satisfy. As it stands, the latter doesn't see any announcement of free elections in Burkina Faso and Mali so long as the territorial integrity of those international locations prey to terrorism shouldn't be restored.
Between the need for dialogue and the needs of their leaders, doubt is taking maintain among the many diasporas of Côte d'Ivoire. |
The Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans is an invasive species in the western Atlantic. Since their introduction in Florida in the early 1980's, populations have exploded with lionfish now found from North Carolina to Venezuela. As their range expands, these generalist predators threaten native fauna, and while they are primarily a marine species, their tolerance for low salinity conditions may allow them to expand into sensitive estuarine habitats undetected. Traditional approaches for tracking invasive species such as direct observation or trapping are impractical across large spatial scales making environmental DNA (eDNA) an attractive alternative. Currently, there is only one published PCR assay for the detection of lionfish eDNA. However, the specificity of this assay is unverified, and the critical performance parameters limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) have not been established. Here we evaluate the specificity of the currently available lionfish assay, determined that it is not species-specific, and is likely to provide false negatives in the western Atlantic. As an alternative, we developed a new qPCR TaqMan probe-based assay that is species-specific for P. volitans and highly sensitive with a LOD of 12 copies per reaction and a LOQ of 598 copies per reaction. While our assay does not amplify the closely related P. miles, which is also invasive in the western Atlantic, the low prevalence of this species in the invasive population means our assay is effective for most monitoring purposes. |
The electric motor can be directly assembled during the operation, it is easier to make the design, there is no demand for movement, but the demand is reduced, and the electric motor is used for emergency purposes.
The unsprung weight of in-wheel motors is one of the problems with in-wheel motor development, but there are ways to reduce its impact.
Hub motors and mid-drive motors each have their own pros and cons for e-bike applications, and when choosing between these two motors, you need to consider your intended vehicle use and budget.
Continued research focusing on areas such as motor optimization, control strategies, structural innovation and integration stands to further the viability and widespread adoption of hub motor propulsion.
As global demands for energy efficiency and emissions reduction increase, further advances in areas like motor design, power electronics, and manufacturing will be needed to realize the full potential of hub motors.
Hub motors are one of the common motors found in many electric vehicle power systems due to the popularity of these cars. Several industries use high-speed brushless gear hub motors due to their benefits in torque and load.
Since the wheel hub is in constant contact with the ground, it may cause damage to the vehicle, which not only affects the appearance of the vehicle, but also creates safety hazards.
If you often observe two-wheeled electric vehicles on the road, you may notice that most of them use in-wheel motors.
As a fun-filled leisure trip, electric unicycles can bring fun to people's lives. Choosing the right motor for your electric scooter is important.
Structure of the Hub MotorHub motors have three main parts: rotor, stator, and leads. In a hub motor, the magnet, hub, and tire are the rotating parts and are c
Hub motors offer low maintenance and cost-effectiveness, while mid-drive motors provide better torque control and lighter weight. Consider needs and budget to choose the right motor type for an electric bicycle.
The choice between hub motor or BLDC motor depends on the specific application and requirements. Hub motors are simpler and more compact, while BLDC motors offer better performance and efficiency. |
Upholding Values: The Importance of Sportsmanship in School Sports
Sports play a significant role in the development of young individuals, not just physically, but also emotionally and socially. Beyond the pursuit of victory, it's essential to instill values like sportsmanship, respect, and integrity in student-athletes. In this blog, we delve into the significance of sportsmanship in school sports and how it contributes to the holistic growth of students.
The Essence of Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship encompasses a range of qualities, including fairness, respect, humility, and graciousness, both in victory and defeat. It's about playing by the rules, treating opponents with respect, and accepting outcomes with dignity and grace. In the context of school sports, fostering a culture of sportsmanship is crucial for creating a positive and supportive environment where students can thrive.
Promoting Respect and Fair Play
One of the primary purposes of school sports is to teach students valuable life lessons beyond the classroom. Sportsmanship teaches students the importance of respecting their opponents, coaches, officials, and teammates. It encourages fair play, honesty, and integrity, instilling values that extend far beyond the sports field and into their everyday lives.
Learning from Adversity
In the heat of competition, students inevitably face challenges and setbacks. How they respond to these challenges speaks volumes about their character. Sportsmanship teaches students to handle success and failure with grace, resilience, and humility. It helps them learn from defeats, bounce back from setbacks, and grow stronger both as athletes and individuals.
Building Positive Relationships
School sports provide students with opportunities to form meaningful connections with their peers, coaches, and opponents. Sportsmanship fosters camaraderie, teamwork, and mutual respect, strengthening he bonds within the school community. By treating others with kindness and empathy, students build positive relationships that extend beyond the sports field and into their social and academic lives.
The Role of Bring It On Sports
At Bring It On Sports, we understand the importance of instilling values like sportsmanship in young athletes. Through our school sports programs and activities, we prioritize not just skill development, but also character development. We believe that by promoting sportsmanship, respect, and fair play, we can help students become well-rounded individuals who excel both on and off the field. Join us in our mission to promote sportsmanship and positive values in school sports. Through our programs and activities, we aim to create environments where students can learn, grow, and thrive as athletes and individuals.
To learn more about our school sports offerings contact Bring It On Sports on 1300 611 211 or email us! |
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Pinckney
John Jay
Rufus King
Charles C. Pinckney
Dewitt Clinton
'Founded by Alexander Hamilton. The federalists worked to create a stronger national government.'
Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the Federalists political party.
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Pinckney
John Jay
Rufus King
Charles C. Pinckney
Dewitt Clinton
Alexander Hamilton
how did the nation's expansion hurt the federalist party?
The federalist party had a couple different nicknames. Some of them include: the Whig party and the first party system.
Alexander Hamilton was never elected US President, although he may have aspired to the position. He was the first Secretary of the Treasury and leader of the Federalist Party.
The federalist party supports federal government involvement and help.
Adams was the head of the Federalist party.
The Federalist party grew out of Hamilton's view of a strong federal government.
The federalist party was the very first political party in the United States. The federalist party was founded in 1792.
yes a farmer can be a federalist party
The Federalist Party wanted a Constitution.
The Federalist Party was led by Alexander Hamilton
the anti-federalist party
Federalist Party - France - was created in 1995.
The Federalist Party wanted a Constitution.
it destroyed the federalist party
Hamilton's supporter's formed the federalist party. |
Hedge End Polished Concrete Flooring (SO30): Previously virtually limited to commercial buildings, garages and basements, polished concrete floors are now being frequently used in domestic Hedge End homes. Its aesthetic appeal has been enhanced recently by the advanced ability to seal and stain the concrete mixture, with the result that, at a fraction of the cost, it can stand proud alongside the previously widely popular stone floor options like slate, granite and marble. As a result, polished concrete flooring affords an array of opportunities and benefits for home renovation specialists and builders.
Sustainability is just one of the most important advantages of polished concrete in these times of environmental concern. Having a comparatively low impact on the environment is a key selling point for polished concrete flooring. In many instances, no extra flooring materials will be necessary, because the current concrete base (where one exists) can merely be smoothed, sealed and polished, saving time and cash. As very few chemical vapours are emitted by the substances used in producing polished concrete, both the outside environment and the interior air quality is not compromised. There is also no permanent odour emitted by the products and compounds sealing and polishing polishing and sealing concrete flooring.
Polished concrete floors offer amazing value for your money. Concrete stands apart as being the least expensive flooring alternative available at this time. Because most residential properties in Hedge End are in fact built upon large slabs of concrete, the primary floor foundation is already in situ. More recognised materials like carpeting, vinyl, tiling and wood will have been inserted over it for comfort and variety. With a perfectly good floor surface which just needs to be treated, little else could be done more cheaply. The need for expensive air-conditioning will also be decreased because polished concrete floors remain even on the hottest Hedge End days. The highly reflective properties of polished concrete surfaces could also lessen the need for lighting, thus saving even more money.
Polished concrete is an attraction as it requires little maintenance, a considerable advantage. The recurrent cleaning necessary with commonplace floor coverings is a definite inconvenience. For instance rugs and carpets really need to be routinely vacuumed, marble floors are vulnerable to scuffing and require special chemical cleansing agents and timber floor boards need waxing and polishing. A swift wet-mopping is all that's needed with polished concrete flooring, because it is exceedingly resistant against scuffing and staining. Time and expense can be saved as well as the added convenience of this.
One of the primary attributes of concrete flooring is durability. Some of Hedge End's most durable floors were built from treated concrete. The probable lifespan of a correctly treated concrete floor is around 100 years or more. This sort of flooring has long been employed for high traffic areas in Hedge End like gyms, shopping centres, commercial spaces, community centres, restaurants and retail outlets, for this reason. Given that it is able to "breathe" concrete is not as susceptible to moisture damage and decay. Expensive repairs and replacements can often arise due to trapped moisture with other styles of flooring like tile or vinyl.
Believe it or not, there are also health advantages to be gained with the installation of concrete floor surfaces. It's been known for some years that dust and dust mites can lead to problems with breathing and allergies. The issue is that bacteria, contaminants and germs can easily multiply in the cutouts and joints of tiles and wooden floorboards and the long fibres of carpets. There's no place for these unwelcome visitors to build up with polished concrete flooring, as the final finished surface is smooth and seamless. For property owners in Hedge End attempting to create an "allergy-free" environment, polished concrete is most certainly a solution to think about.
Lots of options are open to property owners in Hedge End, because concrete is an exceedingly adaptable material. To create the desired look, there are plenty of stains and treatments that can be employed. For example, home owners who would like the standard "wet" look, can get this with the help of penetrating silicon based sealing compounds. A favourite style for concrete flooring is the faux tile effect, making it appear like a tiled floor. Concrete can be stamped with a floor board design when it is a timber floor effect that's wanted. Amazing designs can be achieved by diamond grinding the surface of the concrete to expose cross sections of the aggregate stones.
Polished concreting is offered in Hedge End and also in nearby places like: Hightown, Boorley Green, Curbridge, West End, Bitterne, Horton Heath, Crowdhill, Thornhill, Burridge, Durley, Moorgreen, as well as in these postcodes: SO30 2FB, SO30 0GR, SO30 0JQ, SO30 0JD, SO30 0GY, SO30 2GR, SO30 0QG, SO30 0GH, SO30 0PH, and SO30 0LR. Checking this should ensure you're accessing local providers of polished concrete. Hedge End property owners are able to utilise these and numerous other similar services. Click on the "Quote" banner to obtain polished concrete flooring quotations.
Concrete Floor Staining
Refresh the appearance of your space without overspending by staining your concrete floor. A variety of colours are available for concrete stains, and they can produce a beautiful, long-lasting, and glossy surface.
It's vital to clean and repair any cracks or damage on the concrete surface before commencing the staining process. It is imperative to secure the peripheral areas with plastic sheeting or tape to avoid any unintended marks or stains.
Once the surface has been prepped, the stain can be applied with a sprayer or brush in thin, even coats. Take care to work in small sections and blend them together to avoid any uneven spots.
After allowing the stain to dry entirely, apply a sealer to ensure the surface is protected and the colour is enhanced. Proper maintenance and care of a stained concrete floor can result in a durable and chic surface that will last for a good few years.
Polished Concrete Finishes Hedge End
Creating a unique and eye-catching look for your home in Hedge End is quite possible with polished concrete flooring and the wide selection of finishes that are out there. To procure a polished concrete floor that fits in perfectly with your interior design requirements, there are plenty of different methods that you can pick from. To give your floor that extra special finish, irrespective of whether you are starting with a blank slate, or polishing a previously installed layer of concrete, there are a number of different features that can be changed.
When all is said and done, each polished concrete floor in Hedge End is unique and different, regardless of what procedures and finishes you use. The location and source of the materials, sand and aggregate used for your floor will have an impact on the way your floor looks, so even your property's location can have an impact on it's visual appearance. Essentially, bronze polished finishes, silver polished finishes, gold polished concrete, and platinum finishes, are the chief polished concrete flooring finishes. Different concrete finishes can be created by adjusting the measure of grind, using different aggregates and using stained concrete overlays. (Tags: Polished Concrete Floor Finishes Hedge End, Concrete Flooring Finishes Hedge End, Polished Concrete Finishes Hedge End).
Terrazzo Flooring Hedge End
Terrazzo flooring is a distinctive, elegant, and durable flooring option that has gained popularity for these reasons. Originating in Italy during the 15th century, this flooring has evolved through the years and remains a sought-after choice for both commercial and residential spaces in Hedge End.
Terrazzo flooring is composed of a blend of materials, including quartz, glass pieces, marble chips, and other aggregates, which are embedded in a binder, usually cement or epoxy resin. The binder allows the natural splendour of the aggregates to shine through, creating an aesthetically stunning surface. The flooring is polished to a glossy and smooth finish after being ground.
A key attribute of terrazzo flooring is the broad design flexibility it provides. It is capable of being customised to align with any interior design scheme or aesthetic, thanks to the broad range of aggregates and colours on offer. This flexibility makes it suitable for a variety of different spaces, from historic buildings to modern offices, stores, and even contemporary residential homes in Hedge End. (28671 - Terrazzo Flooring Hedge End)
Polished Concrete Near Me
Also find: Burridge concrete flooring, Horton Heath concrete flooring, Thornhill concrete flooring, Hightown concrete flooring, Moorgreen concrete flooring, Crowdhill concrete flooring, Bitterne concrete flooring, Durley concrete flooring, Boorley Green concrete flooring, Curbridge concrete flooring, West End concrete flooring and more. The majority of these villages and towns are catered for by contractors who do polished concrete flooring. By providing expert advice and custom solutions, these companies ensure that every customer's unique aesthetic tastes and needs are perfectly catered for with their flooring choices. Property owners in the area can get quotations by going here.
More Hedge End Flooring Services
Naturally, when you happen to be doing concrete flooring in Hedge End, Hampshire, you'll likely need some additional services and aside from a concreting specialist in Hedge End, Hampshire, you could also need timber decking in Hedge End, carpet fitters in Hedge End, driveway installation in Hedge End, concrete paving in Hedge End, screeders in Hedge End, floorers in Hedge End, stone paving in Hedge End, paving services in Hedge End, rubber flooring in Hedge End, concrete driveways in Hedge End, SKIP HIRE in Hedge End, underfloor heating in Hedge End, tilers in Hedge End, and other different Hedge End flooring specialists.
Related Tasks
Local Hedge End concrete polishers should be able to help with solid concrete furniture, stained concrete flooring, granolithic screeding, shop floors, power floating concrete Hedge End, concrete flooring, granolithic concrete flooring, imprinted concrete flooring Hedge End, dry shake toppings in Hedge End, concrete polishing, microcement floors Hedge End, concrete floor waterproofing, cheap polished concrete Hedge End, exposed aggregate floors, polished concrete for bathroom floors, abrasion resistant concrete, polished concrete in Hedge End, concrete floor restoration, microcement bathrooms Hedge End, concrete floor repairs, concrete repairs, polished concrete flooring for schools, diamond polishing, polished concrete patios in Hedge End, concreting, coloured concrete flooring Hedge End, restaurant floors, polished concrete flooring for basements in Hedge End, warehouse floors, concrete slab flooring, floor replacements, polished concrete floors in Hedge End, and lots of other concrete related tasks in Hedge End. Local Hedge End concrete polishers will probably have the postcode SO30 and the telephone code 01489. Listed are just an example of the activities that are accomplished by those installing polished concrete flooring. Hedge End professionals will be happy to tell you about their full range of concrete flooring services.
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Fiddlewood Farm and School, a local faith-based educational opportunity, aims to get homeschooled students off their phones and connected with nature as a supplement for social activities alongside their typical studies.
The afterschool program began in 2020 when Shelly Tyler was looking for ways to help her daughter work on her coordination skills. Using her experience as a physical therapist, Tyler coordinated outdoor activities for her daughter, and when her daughter's friends started coming over, they joined the fun.
"A lot of times when kids came over they were wondering where the video games are and we tell them, 'We don't have any, but we can go play outside,'" Tyler said. "When they got outside, they would completely just be transported to a different world. They were jumping and playing and exploring and just never wanted to leave our house."
After seeing how engaged the children were, she realized that the social benefit the youngsters were getting was something that each of them could utilize. Each time she takes the children out to explore, Tyler said, she finds a way to tie in some learning.
The Fiddlewood structure is based on the Forest School in Louisville, Tyler said. She sets out to ensure the school teaches students socially, emotionally, physically, and spiritually.
"We've felt it was the perfect environment for kids to learn. I invited some of my daughter's friends that I knew were homeschooled, and I started that 3 years ago. It has just continued to grow, and a lot of the same kids come," she said.
Fiddlewood operates every Monday and Wednesday during the school year for homeschooled kids aged 4-11. Programming can include trimming sheep's hooves, learning about animal birthing processes, and working in related vocabulary words along the way. Tyler said they're outside, rain or snow and hot or cold.
When school is not in session, they offer camps so students can still fulfill their social needs. Camps are often capped at 15 students — roughly one adult to every five children.
The camps emulate the same practice as the school but over a 1-week period. Sign-ups often occur on Facebook, with Tyler saying there can be a long waiting list.
The school is faith-based, so Tyler still sets out to base all the lessons on scripture. Through such lessons, Tyler said she has seen students grow and develop in every area from emotional balance to communication skills.
Tyler also stresses the importance of community to her students.
"The culture that I have really worked on is that we are kind to each other, and we help each other. So, it promotes this community and helpfulness. Also, just resiliency. It's amazing what a kid can do when they are put in a situation where they need to do it. They can really rise to the occasion," she said.
For more information about Fiddlewood or the camps, visit their Facebook page. |
Last updated 8/2023
MP4 | Video: h264, 1280×720 | Audio: AAC, 44.1 KHz, 2 Ch
Language: English | Duration: 42m | Size: 350 MB
Learn Power BI Fundamentals: From Getting Data to Interactive Dashboards
What you'll learn
Understand the fundamentals of Power BI, its components and how it is used for data visualization and reporting.
Learn to import and clean data from CSV sources, shaping it for analytics using Power Query Editor.
Master the creation of interactive dashboards and reports, leveraging Power BI's drag-and-drop capabilities.
Grasp the basics of DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) for creating simple calculated columns and measures.
Gain hands-on experience with Power BI through project-based learning, creating a complete report from scratch.
Participants should be comfortable using a computer and navigating the internet.
It would be helpful if they are familiar with Microsoft Excel, particularly in terms of working with datasets, as the principles of data manipulation in Excel carry over to Power BI.
Lastly, a basic understanding of data analysis concepts can be beneficial, though not compulsory, but it will help.
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Countries Could Enter Environmental Crisis
Countries that will not transform into low-carbon economies will lack resources and energy which they will have to buy at high prices, while the environment itself will take its toll, Potočnik noted.
Should countries fail to incorporate sustainability into all kinds of state policies, legislation will have to be changed. But once the nature's warnings will no longer be possible to ignore, the transformation into green economy will be harder.
The current system, which is ruled by the market is too slow and incomplete in incorporating sustainability principles because the financial, business and economic world is only focused on the short-term prospects. Politics meanwhile is trapped by the cycle of elections, Potočnik explained.
Transformation into an economy that would be based on economical use of resources and energy is inevitable and avoiding this truth will only provide a seeming exit from the crisis, while deepening it in truth, he was clear.
To overcome the current situation, new innovation ranging from small changes to great technological breakthroughs is needed. Systemic changes must be implemented and any mistakes humanity might do in the process could prove fateful, Potočnik added.
Agriculture and Environment Minister Franc Bogovič meanwhile said that Slovenia had been implementing government sustainability measures, including the use of domestic wood, self-sufficiency in food and an increased share of renewables in energy production.
The government is well aware of the problem and its actions are aimed at resolving it, Bogovič added. |
Memory devices account for the major market share due to their high usage in several electronic devices
Memory devices account for majority of the semiconductor market share, due to their critical role in a wide range of electronic devices and systems. Memory is a fundamental component in virtually all electronic devices, from the simplest gadgets to the most complex computing systems. Devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and even household appliances and automotive systems require memory to store and retrieve data. The rise of data-intensive applications, such as video streaming, complex graphics, and sophisticated gaming platforms, has also led to an increased demand for higher-capacity memory devices.
Unlike memory devices, the primary function of logic devices includes computing and processing instructions. Logic devices include a range of semiconductor devices, most notably microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), among others. CPUs and microprocessors are the brains of computers and many other electronic devices and the pervasive use of these devices in personal computing, enterprise systems, and data centres influences the market share of logic devices.
The healthcare industry is expected to expand its share in the semiconductor market, due to the growing adoption of electronic devices and advanced digital systems by healthcare institutions
Semiconductors are building blocks of electronic devices used in diverse end-use sectors, including healthcare. With the growing adoption of electronic devices in medical fields like blood pressure monitors, home healthcare, and clinical therapy and diagnostics, among others, the utilisation of semiconductors in the healthcare sector is expected to surge. Advanced medical devices and equipment, such as MRI machines, CT scanners, and X-ray machines, also rely heavily on semiconductor components for their operation. Semiconductors are essential for processing and imaging capabilities, as well as for the reliable functioning of these complex machines.
The semiconductor market demand is also supported by the growing automotive sector where semiconductors are used in safety equipment like stabilisation systems, heads-up displays, and others. The growing trend of electrification of vehicles (e-mobility), the introduction of innovative technologies to improve vehicle connectivity, and the surging demand for cars with intelligent functions are anticipated to favour the semiconductor market development in the forecast period.
*At Expert Market Research, we strive to always give you current and accurate information. The numbers depicted in the description are indicative and may differ from the actual numbers in the final EMR report.
1 Preface
2 Report Coverage – Key Segmentation and Scope
3 Report Description
3.1 Market Definition and Outlook
3.2 Properties and Applications
3.3 Market Analysis
3.4 Key Players
4 Key Assumptions
5 Executive Summary
5.1 Overview
5.2 Key Drivers
5.3 Key Developments
5.4 Competitive Structure
5.5 Key Industrial Trends
6 Market Snapshot
6.1 Global
6.2 Regional
7 Opportunities and Challenges in the Market
8 Global Semiconductor Market Analysis
8.1 Key Industry Highlights
8.2 Global Semiconductor Historical Market (2018-2023)
8.3 Global Semiconductor Market Forecast (2024-2032)
8.4 Global Semiconductor Market by Component
8.4.1 Memory Devices
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
188.8.131.52 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.4.2 Logic Devices
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.4.3 Analogue IC
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.4.5 Microcomponent
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
18.104.22.168 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5 Global Semiconductor Market by Application
8.5.1 Automotive
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.2 Industrial
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.3 Data Centre
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.4 Telecommunication
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
18.104.22.168 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.5 Consumer Electronics
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
184.108.40.206 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.6 Aerospace and Defence
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.7 Healthcare
126.96.36.199 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.5.8 Others
8.6 Global Semiconductor Market by Region
8.6.1 North America
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
184.108.40.206 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.6.2 Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
188.8.131.52 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.6.3 Asia Pacific
126.96.36.199 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
8.6.4 Latin America
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
9 North America Semiconductor Market Analysis
9.1 Market by Component
9.2 Market by Application
9.3 Market by Country
9.3.1 United States of America
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
184.108.40.206 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
9.3.2 Canada
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
10 Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Semiconductor Market Analysis
10.1 Market by Component
10.2 Market by Application
10.3 Market by Country
10.3.1 United Kingdom
10.3.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
10.3.1.2 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
10.3.2 Germany
10.3.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
10.3.2.2 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
10.3.3 France
10.3.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
10.3.3.2 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
10.3.4 Italy
10.3.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
10.3.4.2 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
10.3.5 Others
11 Asia Pacific Semiconductor Market Analysis
11.1 Market by Component
11.2 Market by Application
11.3 Market by Country
11.3.1 China
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
11.3.2 Japan
184.108.40.206 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
220.127.116.11 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
11.3.3 India
22.214.171.124 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
184.108.40.206 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
220.127.116.11 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
11.3.5 South Korea
184.108.40.206 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
11.3.6 Australia
220.127.116.11 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
22.214.171.124 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
11.3.7 Others
12 Latin America Semiconductor Market Analysis
12.1 Market by Component
12.2 Market by Application
12.3 Market by Country
12.3.1 Brazil
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
126.96.36.199 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
12.3.2 Argentina
188.8.131.52 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
18.104.22.168 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
12.3.3 Mexico
126.96.36.199 Historical Trend (2018-2023)
220.127.116.11 Forecast Trend (2024-2032)
12.3.4 Others
13 Market Dynamics
13.1 SWOT Analysis
13.1.1 Strengths
13.1.2 Weaknesses
13.1.3 Opportunities
13.1.4 Threats
13.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
13.2.1 Supplier's Power
13.2.2 Buyer's Power
13.2.3 Threat of New Entrants
13.2.4 Degree of Rivalry
13.2.5 Threat of Substitutes
13.3 Key Indicators for Demand
13.4 Key Indicators for Price
14 Global Investments in Semiconductor Industry
14.1 By Country (USA, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, France)
14.2 By Technology
15 Benchmarking of the Semiconductor Industry
15.1 Labor Cost
15.2 Utility Rate
15.3 Energy Cost (Natural Gas, Electricity Tariff)
16 Infrastructure, Geo-Political and Economic Indicators for Semiconductor Industry
16.1 National Security
16.2 Electrification
16.3 Land Availability
16.4 Water Supply
16.5 Software and Designs
16.6 Growth in Automotive and Telecommunication Sector
17 Competitive Landscape
17.1 Market Structure
17.2 Company Profiles
17.2.1 Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC)
126.96.36.199 Company Overview
184.108.40.206 Product Portfolio
126.96.36.199 Demographic Reach and Achievements
22.214.171.124 Certifications
17.2.2 Micron Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: MU)
22.214.171.124 Company Overview
22.214.171.124 Product Portfolio
188.8.131.52 Demographic Reach and Achievements
126.96.36.199 Certifications
17.2.3 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: QCOM)
188.8.131.52 Company Overview
188.8.131.52 Product Portfolio
18.104.22.168 Demographic Reach and Achievements
22.214.171.124 Certifications
17.2.4 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (KRX: 005930)
184.108.40.206 Company Overview
18.104.22.168 Product Portfolio
188.8.131.52 Demographic Reach and Achievements
184.108.40.206 Certifications
17.2.5 SK Hynix Inc. (KRX: 000660)
220.127.116.11 Company Overview
220.127.116.11 Product Portfolio
184.108.40.206 Demographic Reach and Achievements
18.104.22.168 Certifications
17.2.6 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited
18.104.22.168 Company Overview
220.127.116.11 Product Portfolio
188.8.131.52 Demographic Reach and Achievements
126.96.36.199 Certifications
17.2.7 Broadcom Inc.
18.104.22.168 Company Overview
22.214.171.124 Product Portfolio
184.108.40.206 Demographic Reach and Achievements
126.96.36.199 Certifications
17.2.8 MediaTek Inc.
22.214.171.124 Company Overview
220.127.116.11 Product Portfolio
188.8.131.52 Demographic Reach and Achievements
126.96.36.199 Certifications
17.2.9 Texas Instruments
188.8.131.52 Company Overview
188.8.131.52 Product Portfolio
18.104.22.168 Demographic Reach and Achievements
220.127.116.11 Certifications
17.2.10 NXP Semiconductors N.V.
126.96.36.199 Company Overview
184.108.40.206 Product Portfolio
18.104.22.168 Demographic Reach and Achievements
188.8.131.52 Certifications
17.2.11 Nvidia Corporation
188.8.131.52 Company Overview
220.127.116.11 Product Portfolio
184.108.40.206 Demographic Reach and Achievements
18.104.22.168 Certifications
17.2.12 Others
18 Key Trends and Developments in the Market
List of Key Figures and Tables
1. Global Semiconductor Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2018 and 2032
2. Global Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Component (USD Billion), 2018-2023
3. Global Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Component (USD Billion), 2024-2032
4. Global Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Application (USD Billion), 2018-2023
5. Global Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (USD Billion), 2024-2032
6. Global Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Region (USD Billion), 2018-2023
7. Global Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (USD Billion), 2024-2032
8. North America Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2018-2023
9. North America Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2024-2032
10. Europe Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2018-2023
11. Europe Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2024-2032
12. Asia Pacific Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2018-2023
13. Asia Pacific Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2024-2032
14. Latin America Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2018-2023
15. Latin America Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2024-2032
16. Middle East and Africa Semiconductor Historical Market: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2018-2023
17. Middle East and Africa Semiconductor Market Forecast: Breakup by Country (USD Billion), 2024-2032
18. Global Semiconductor Market Structure
In 2023, the market reached an approximate value of USD 625.05 billion.
The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.7% between 2024 and 2032.
The market is estimated to witness a healthy growth during 2024-2032 to reach around USD 1,218.58 billion by 2032.
The major market drivers include surging demand for consumer electronics, the robust growth of the automotive sector, and the expansion of semiconductor production bases by key players.
The key trends aiding the market include advanced process technologies, the growing prominence of 5G technology, the emergence of AI and IoT, and expanding production capabilities and semiconductor's role in clean energy technologies.
The major regions in the market are North America, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, Europe, and the Asia Pacific.
Companies could benefit by investing in long-term R&D, promoting collaboration within the semiconductor ecosystem, and expanding capacity to meet the ever-increasing semiconductor demand.
The major semiconductor components in the market are memory devices, long devices, analogue IC, OSD, and microcomponent.
The significant applications of semiconductor are automotive, industrial, data centre, telecommunication, consumer electronics, aerospace and defence, and healthcare, among others.
The major players in the market are Intel Corporation, Micron Technology, Inc., Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., SK Hynix Inc., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited, Broadcom Inc., MediaTek Inc., Texas Instruments, NXP Semiconductors N.V., and Nvidia Corporation, among others.
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What is a BSSO?
An important component of orthognathic surgery is the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), which is the most commonly performed jaw surgery, either with or without upper jaw surgery. Indications for a bilateral sagittal split include horizontal mandibular excess, deficiency, and/or asymmetry.
What is a LeFort BSSO?
LeFort I osteotomy is used in combination with the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in correcting the secondary maxillary effects seen in asymmetrical mandibular deformities. These asymmetries are usually attributed to unilateral mandibular condylar hyperplasia during active growth of the maxilla and mandible.
How long does a BSSO surgery take?
This procedure generally takes about 30 minutes to perform, and patients are usually able to return to work and other regular activities the next day.
What is a split mandible?
A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is a type of jaw surgery in which the lower jaw (mandible) is split bilaterally (moved forward or backward) to straighten it to a more balanced and functional position. It is performed to correct types of malocclusion, a misalignment of teeth.
How is BSSO performed?
A Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (or BSSO) is a type of jaw surgery where the lower jaw is separated from the face and repositioned. This repositioning is also called orthognathic surgery. This particular virtual patient has a protruding jaw which will be set back using a BSSO.
Is jaw surgery complex?
That's when corrective jaw surgery (also called orthognathic surgery) may be recommended. While it may sound like a complex and demanding treatment, jaw surgery isn't always so serious.
How long is lower jaw surgery recovery?
Initial jaw healing typically takes about six weeks after surgery, but complete healing can take up to 12 weeks. After initial jaw healing — at about six weeks — your orthodontist finishes aligning your teeth with braces.
How long does jawline surgery last?
Routine surgery on one jaw typically takes one to two hours. Surgery that involves multiple procedures may take as long as three to five hours.
What is TMJ arthroplasty?
Open-joint arthroplasty is surgery to repair, reposition, replace, or remove parts in a joint. When used to treat temporomandibular disorder (TMD), this usually involves the articular disc that cushions the jaw joint. During open-joint arthroplasty of the jaw, an incision is made in the skin to expose the jaw joint.
Who performs sliding Genioplasty?
Both plastic surgeons and maxillofacial surgeons can perform genioplasty procedures. There are two types of genioplasty procedures — sliding genioplasty and implant augmentation.
Can you talk if your jaw is wired shut?
You may find it difficult to talk and be understood the first week or so after fixation. Be patient and try not to be frustrated if people cannot understand you. Talk as slowly and as distinctly as you can. Carry a pen and pad for especially difficult times, but do not become too dependent on them.
When should you see an orthodontist after jaw surgery?
You'll see your orthodontist as soon as two weeks after surgery and very often during this last treatment stage, which often lasts 6 to 12 months. |
Melina Angel1 and Ann Lévesque2
1Colombia Regenerativa, Columbia — firstname.lastname@example.com,
2Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada — email@example.com
In an era where human activities threaten planetary limits, new economic models are needed. One of the most interesting approaches to refocusing economies to achieve sustainability and resilience is bioregionalism. Bioregions can be defined in various ways and take different forms, depending on the ecological, geographical, and cultural features of a given region. Its boundaries are flexible and can be delineated by natural characteristics, such as watersheds, unique ecosystems or landscapes, and human cultures. The bioregional approach stresses the need to unpack the relationships between humans, living and non-living entities in a place-based ecosystem as well as the importance of developing new lifestyles that respect nature and human well-being. From an economic perspective, the bioregional approach calls for rethinking its relationship with the economy to create new forms of social relationships by placing life at the heart of change. This event aims to provide participants with food for thought to collectively rethink the role of economies from a bioregional perspective and will involve a Word Café format to foster dialogue between ecological economics and bioregional approaches. The workshop is open to both English and Spanish speakers, with translation provided throughout the event. |
Historical Development of Lie Detection:
– Physiological methods for deception tests began in the early 1900s.
– Various researchers contributed to the development of deception tests over time.
– Notable advancements in the 20th century include studies on physiological changes related to deception.
– In the 21st century, meta-analyses identified physical cues associated with lying.
– Researchers like Paul Ekman and James Pennebaker have significantly contributed to lie detection methods.
Techniques and Technologies in Lie Detection:
– Polygraph tests detect autonomic reactions like micro-expressions, breathing rate, skin conductivity, and heart rate.
– Voice stress analysis uses computers to compare pitch, frequency, intensity, and micro tremors for deception detection.
– Eye-tracking technology measures pupil dilation, response time, and reading patterns to detect lies.
– Brain observation techniques like fNIRS and fMRI detect brain activity related to deception.
– Event-related potentials (ERP) studies assess recognition and may be effective in detecting deception.
Challenges and Future Prospects in Lie Detection:
– Continuous improvement is needed to address the limitations of current lie detection methods.
– Ethical considerations surrounding the use of lie detection technologies need to be addressed.
– Future research may focus on combining various methods for more reliable lie detection.
– Collaboration between researchers and practitioners is essential for advancing lie detection technologies.
– Ongoing research aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of lie detection techniques.
Use of Lie Detection in Law Enforcement and Security:
– Polygraphs are utilized by various U.S. government agencies for employee screening.
– Voice stress analysis has been used by banking, insurance companies, and the government of the United Kingdom.
– Technology and research advancements have led to a shift away from polygraphing in some sectors.
– The use of polygraphs in law enforcement is debated due to inaccuracies and biases.
– Some offenders may exhibit a stronger physiological response to control questions, making guilt determination challenging.
Critiques and Alternatives in Lie Detection:
– Critics claim that lie detection by polygraphy lacks scientific validity.
– Studies show voice stress analysis performs at chance level in detecting deception.
– Techniques to cheat polygraph tests exist, including taking sedatives or using antiperspirants.
– Truth serum drugs like sodium thiopental have been historically used but yield unreliable information.
– Various researchers and resources discuss the challenges and validity of different lie detection methods.
The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. The reason given is: there is a mismatch between the article body and the lead about accuracy. (February 2022) |
Lie detection is an assessment of a verbal statement with the goal to reveal a possible intentional deceit. Lie detection may refer to a cognitive process of detecting deception by evaluating message content as well as non-verbal cues. It also may refer to questioning techniques used along with technology that record physiological functions to ascertain truth and falsehood in response. The latter is commonly used by law enforcement in the United States, but rarely in other countries because it is based on pseudoscience.
There are a wide variety of technologies available for this purpose. The most common and long used measure is the polygraph. A comprehensive 2003 review by the National Academy of Sciences of existing research concluded that there was "little basis for the expectation that a polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy." There is no evidence to substantiate that non-verbal lie detection, such as by looking at body language, is an effective way to detect lies, even if it is widely used by law enforcement. |
The governments of Nigeria and Angola formalized a collaboration to address critical infrastructure needs in both countries.
The partnership aims to benefit both nations, with a focus on providing potable water, enhancing irrigation farming, and advancing economic development. Both nations will exchange technical expertise and knowledge in pivotal sectors for successful implementation of projects related to water supply and electricity generation.
READ:Nigeria's National grid restored
Enhancing bilateral relations
The Angolan Ambassador, Dr Jose Bamoquina highlighted Angola's potential to export electricity to other countries. This indicates a strategic vision to leverage Angola's resources for regional benefit and economic development.
There are plans for the expansion and efficient utilization of six major dams with Nigeria's technical expertise. This underscores the importance of infrastructure development and management in achieving sustainable water and energy resources.
The collaboration deepens existing bilateral relations between Nigeria and Angola. Both countries are members of important international organizations, including the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The countries are also well endowed with natural resources, especially oil and gas, which are significant sources of revenue. As major producers of crude oil in Africa, they have high expectations placed on them as regional leaders.
"Nigeria is very keen to support Angola's domestic and foreign aspirations and the country's overall development, and we expect reciprocity in this regard. Indeed, the progress of one is the progress of all," said, Minister of Information and National Orientation, Mohammed Idris. |
From Ayrshire to Abolition: Robert Burns and Frederick Douglass
Discover the unexpected bond between Robert Burns, Scotland's poet laureate, and Frederick Douglass, the renowned American abolitionist. Despite vastly different backgrounds, Burns' poetry profoundly influenced Douglass, inspiring his activism against slavery. Through shared struggles and admiration for Burns, Douglass found inspiration that transcended borders, shaping his legacy as a tireless advocate for freedom and equality. |
Some companies and the people that run them might have the very best intentions. But, if they execute ideas without fully thinking them through — which, unfortunately, happens too often — it can often negate their work and be all for naught.
Such is the case with sustainable products meant to help the planet, like soap cased in large, thick packaging, refills of cleaners sold in non-compostable material, or paper straws wrapped in plastic — which is exactly what one Twitter user griped about.
Prerna Chettri tweeted, "Biggest joke is this. Paper straw wrapped in a plastic cover," alongside their photo showing exactly what's described, a paper straw wrapped in plastic.
In case you're wondering what the big deal is here, it's the unnecessary use of plastic — particularly combined with a paper straw, something meant to be better for the planet overall.
Biggest joke is this.
— Prerna Chettri (@prernachettri) March 7, 2023
Paper straw wrapped in a plastic cover. pic.twitter.com/3VWF4Db9ei
Paper straws are compostable and biodegradable, unlike plastic straws, which take a whopping 200 years to break down. Plus, they won't harm animals through the creation of microplastics as their plastic straw counterparts can. With 24.4+ trillion microplastics floating in our oceans and creating hazardous environments for marine life, it's important to cut back on plastics in any way possible.
As if this weren't enough, only about 5% of the about 40 million tons of plastic thrown away in the U.S. actually gets recycled each year.
So, while a paper straw is indeed a step in the right direction for a more sustainable planet, companies making them could take it a step further by using more eco-friendly packaging — like paper.
Other Twitter users are in total agreement. One likened this to " … taking a shower with an open umbrella," and another compares it to " … a vegan leather jacket with a fur collar."
Another sums it up nicely: "They [are] taking one step at a time I guess 😅 Plastic straw➡️Paper straw f/b plastic cover ➡️ paper cover."
"Virtue signaling at [its] best," another wrote. "[What] matters will be green innovation, not penny pinching."
Join our free newsletter for cool news and actionable info that makes it easy to help yourself while helping the planet. |
Today, businesses face a myriad of challenges when it comes to managing their IT infrastructure. Scalability, security, and agility are not just buzzwords but critical aspects that can make or break a company's success. Traditional systems often struggle to keep up with the demands of modern workflows, leading to inefficiencies and missed opportunities. However, there is a beacon of hope on the horizon: cloud architecture.
This blog post aims to unravel the complexities of cloud architecture, providing actionable insights and real-life examples to empower businesses to thrive in the digital age.
Cloud architecture can enhance data backup and recovery solutions to help organizations protect their valuable data assets in the face of unforeseen events. Learn more below of about the importance of a data backup and recovery plan.
What is Cloud Architecture?
Cloud architecture refers to the design and structure of the various components and services that make up a cloud computing environment. It encompasses everything from the hardware and software infrastructure to the networks and protocols used to connect and manage resources. At its core, cloud architecture is about creating a scalable, flexible, and reliable IT infrastructure that leverages the power of cloud computing to deliver services and applications to users.
Cloud architecture typically involves the following key components:
Cloud Models
This includes public, private, and hybrid cloud models, each offering different levels of control, security, and scalability. Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party providers and offer services to multiple users over the internet. Private clouds, on the other hand, are dedicated to a single organization and can be located on-premises or hosted by a third-party provider. Hybrid clouds combine elements of both public and private clouds, allowing organizations to take advantage of the benefits of each.
This includes the physical hardware and virtualized resources, such as servers, storage, and networking components, that form the foundation of the cloud environment. Infrastructure can be provisioned and managed dynamically through software-defined technologies like virtualization and containerization.
Cloud architecture provides a wide range of services, including infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). These services allow users to access computing resources, development platforms, and applications on-demand, without the need for upfront investment in hardware or software.
Security and Compliance
Security is a critical aspect of cloud architecture, and it involves implementing measures to protect data, applications, and infrastructure from unauthorized access, breaches, and other threats. Compliance with industry regulations and standards is also essential, particularly for organizations operating in highly regulated sectors like healthcare and finance.
Scalability and Elasticity
Cloud architecture is designed to be highly scalable, allowing organizations to easily add or remove resources as needed to accommodate changes in demand. Elasticity refers to the ability to automatically scale resources up or down in response to fluctuations in workload, ensuring optimal performance and cost-efficiency.
Overall, cloud architecture enables organizations to leverage the benefits of cloud computing, including cost savings, agility, and innovation, to drive business growth and success in today's digital economy.
How to Optimize Performance and Efficiency with Cloud Architecture
To truly harness the power of cloud architecture, businesses must focus on optimizing performance and efficiency. Here are some actionable tips:
Efficient Resource Allocation: Use dynamic provisioning to allocate resources based on demand, maximizing ROI and minimizing waste.
Automation and Orchestration: Embrace automation tools and orchestration frameworks to streamline operations, reduce manual errors, and improve productivity.
Performance Monitoring: Implement robust monitoring solutions to track system performance and identify areas for optimization in real-time.
Ensuring Security and Compliance in Cloud Architecture
Security is paramount in the digital era, from cyber threats to ransomware, cloud architecture presents unique challenges and opportunities in this regard. Here's how to stay secure:
Data Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data both in transit and at rest to protect against unauthorized access.
Compliance Controls: Implement stringent compliance controls and regularly audit your cloud environment to ensure adherence to regulatory requirements.
Disaster Recovery Planning: Develop a comprehensive disaster recovery plan to minimize downtime and data loss in the event of a breach or outage.
How Cite Tech Can Help With Cloud Architecture
Cloud architecture holds the key to unlocking the full potential of your IT infrastructure, enabling your business to scale, innovate, and thrive in today's competitive landscape.
At Cite Technology, we specialize in helping businesses navigate the complexities of cloud architecture, providing tailored solutions to meet their unique needs. Contact us today to discover how we can empower your business to achieve new heights with strategic cloud architecture.
About Cite Technology
Cite Technology Solutions strives to provide the very best in IT solutions. We provide comprehensive IT solutions for small and mid-sized organizations with complex needs. Offering 24/7 Tech Support, Remote Support and Cloud Storage. We specialize in data management, medical imaging, HL7 interfacing, and HIPAA compliance. |
Premier League 'committed' to reducing plastic use as Friends of the Earth urge clubs to do more
The Premier League insists its nightclubs are»dedicated» to reducing single-use plastics at stadiums – but environmental group Friends of the Earth is urging them to do greater.
Alongside BASIS (the British Association for Sustainable Sport), the environmental group is calling on clubs to present a returnable cup scheme in their stadiums as part of a detailed set of measures.
FOTE estimates that approximately six million beer cups might have been employed in the Premier League last year alone, while re-usable cup approaches that are successful are operating in cricket and rugby venues.
A YouGov poll of UK football buffs, commissioned by FOTE and published on Friday, found that 84% concur Premier League clubs should guarantee reusable or returnable cups can be used within their stadiums, whereas 86% concur stadiums should remove single-use plastics such as straws, sachets and cutlery where potential.
Friends of the Earth plastic campaigner Julian Kirby explained:»Soccer clubs across the UK should aim to become champions off the pitch, as well as about it, by providing single-use plastic that the boot.
«Fans need football clubs to take action on plastic. We are encouraged that several clubs have introduced measures – but we want Football League team and every Premier do everything it could to get rid of single-use plastic that was unnecessary sheeting.
«This is why we are calling on clubs to adopt Friends of the Earth's Plastic Pledge – and – dedicate to a number of measures that major stadiums have already introduced.
«A reusable cup scheme is among the essential measures clubs could take – this measure alone could prevent countless single-use plastic cups being landfilled or incinerated every season. We expect every football club is up for the cup»
A Premier League spokesperson said:»The Premier League and also our clubs are devoted to increasing awareness . We are fans throughout the globe to take action that is favorable and decrease their intake , making small changes that will have a huge effects.
«Our clubs are already working hard to execute change both internally, and externally with suppliers and builders. Lots of them are still exploring the viability of their cup roll-out have participate in the cup trial, or are taking a look at alternatives to plastic cups and other plastics. They are approaching sustainability in ways that are different but are still acting to reduce single-use plastics in a variety of regions of their organization.
«They are also working hard in their own communities, driving environmental consciousness through education and social action projects like the Plastic Pollution Challenge, run in partnership with Sky Ocean Rescue last calendar year, which tasked main school students with creating a pledge on how they would reduce plastic waste into their schools and neighborhood places.»
Read more here: http://newhighcolombia.com/?p=28328
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"mola" is not a norwegian word :S
As a matter of fact, it does not even closely resemble any norwegian words...
The scientific name for the fish Mola Mola is Mola mola.
Mola mola are also known as Bali sunfish and can be found all year round. Mola mola are however more active between the months of July until November.
That is not a Norwegian word.
The largest living fish (bony) is the Sunfish (mola mola) but the whale shark is larger. It really depends on what you mean, specifically.
"como mola" = that's great "por fa" = "por favor" = please "repitelo" = repeat it
what is the concepts of hazrat abu bakr ra
16 teeth.
The mola mola fish lives up to 100 years in the wild, but in captivity they only live up to 10 years!
Fem in Norwegian means five
"Jeg er norsk" means "I am Norwegian" in Norwegian.
squid and seastars
When they are born they are microscopic and don't even weigh an ounce. But as they grow a mola mola or sunfish can weigh 300-1000 pounds. |
If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel up to 24 hours before your tour starts for a full refund. Application process and the cost of tuition. The Mozarteum School of Music was founded by the Salzburg Cathedral Music Association. I have therefore moved the article to Mozarteum University Salzburg. In 1998, as a result of the reform of Austrian universities, the former academy of music became the now renowned Universität Mozarteum Salzburg. In 1939, the "Mozarteum Orchester Salzburg" was separated from the music conservatory, and it is managed independently since then; however, it is still strongly connected with the Mozarteum University. On its English web site, the university uses two English names for itself: Mozarteum University Salzburg; University Mozarteum Salzburg; It does not, however, call itself the Mozarteum University of Salzburg. University Mozarteum Salzburg. 47 relations. Doctor of Philosophy-PhD Programme Science and Arts; Graduiertenschule Musikpädagogik Mozarteum University Salzburg, or officially in German Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, is one of three affiliated but separate entities under the "Mozarteum" moniker in Salzburg municipality. The history of the Mozarteum University goes back to the year 1841 and is characterised by the work and teaching of outstanding personalities such as Bernhard Paumgartner, Clemens Krauss, Paul Hindemith, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Carl Orff and Sándor Végh. She is renowned for the radiant tone of her voice and her interpretation of the role of Sophie in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss is legendary. Called The Mozarteum, originally " Cathedral Music Society and the Mozarteum ", was founded on 22 April 1841 in Salzburg as a music school and the collection of old Mozart documents. --K1812 15:12, 10 December 2017 (UTC) Barbara Bonney is a wonderful lied and concert singer and has been described as one of the best performers of Mozart and Strauss of her generation. Skip page footer. University Mozarteum Salzburg. Initially founded in 1841 in memory of Wolfgang Amadé Mozart to give momentum to the musical life in Salzburg and ensure a younger generation of instrumentalists, Mozarteum University Salzburg has, since 1970, extended its … This list may not reflect recent changes (). The Mozarteum University Salzburg is one of the world's leading centers for the study of music, drama and fine arts. University Mozarteum Salzburg. Meet us at international education and higher education fairs in Asia, America and Europe or virtually. This institution also has a branch campus in Innsbruck. Quick facts. University Mozarteum Salzburg is among the top 30 best universities of Austria. Founded in 1841, Universität Mozarteum Salzburg (Mozarteum University Salzburg) is a non-profit public higher-education institution located in the urban setting of the small city of Salzburg (population range of 50,000-249,999 inhabitants). Mozarteum, Salzburg′s musical heart. QS Stars is a rating system that helps you select the right university based on your interests. University Mozarteum Salzburg (UMS) - public higher education institution in Austria. Mozarteum University of Salzburg is located in City Centre Salzburg. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It's in a historic neighborhood well known for its live music venues and restaurants. If you want to find things to see and do in the area, you might want to stop in and see Mirabell Palace and Gardens and Eagle's Nest. Anastasia Weinberger UMS began its academic activity in1841. It provides a detailed look at an institution, identifying which universities rate highest in the specific topics that matter to you, like facilities, graduate employability, social responsibility, inclusiveness, and more. This video is for those people who will learn.About education institute,and many more. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. founded in 1841 number of teachers 500 number of students 1,700. university name. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. University Mozarteum Salzburg. Mozarteum University of Salzburg. At University Mozarteum Salzburg, Mozart is our inspiration, music our tradition, art our passion.In the heart of Salzburg exceptional talents mature into artistic personalities – on the pulse of time, for the world's stages. The Mozarteum University Salzburg endeavours to increase the number of women among the artistic, scientific and general university staff, particularly in management functions, and expressly invites qualified women to apply. This institution also has a branch campus in Innsbruck. Prof. Elisabeth Gutjahr Chancellor; Mag. (The International Mozarteum Foundation and the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg are … postgraduate university course piano The course serves to intensify the artistic knowledge and skills acquired in the regular studies and to perfect musical and technical instrumental skills. Meet us. Founded in 1841, Universität Mozarteum Salzburg (Mozarteum University Salzburg) is a non-profit public higher-education institution located in the urban setting of the small city of Salzburg (population range of 50,000-249,999 inhabitants). Established in 1622, the university was closed in 1810 and re-established in 1962. (The Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum and the Mozarteum-Orchester Salzburg are the other two.) We recommend booking Mozarteum University Salzburg tours ahead of time to secure your spot. University Mozarteum Salzburg. The university has an urban campus in Salzburg. Today, the term Mozarteum be understood three separate bodies: Discover Mozart's Skull: University Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria: Mozart's skull may be held in this collection, but definitive proof continues to elude scientists. In Salzburg , the Universität Mozarteum Salzburg , the University of Music and Dramatic Arts Mozarteum Salzburg , honours the Austrian city's most famous son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Persons with disabilities who are accordingly qualified The Mozarteum University Salzburg (German: Universität Mozarteum Salzburg), also known simply as Mozarteum Salzburg, is a university in Salzburg municipality, Austria, which specializes in music and the dramatic arts.It was named after Salzburg native Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Pre-College Salzburg composition The aim of the course is to find and detect young talents at an early stage and to promote gifted and talented young students in their central artistic subject as well as a wide musical environment in order to lead them to a future career as an artist. Pages in category "Mozarteum University Salzburg alumni" The following 86 pages are in this category, out of 86 total. The University of Salzburg (German: Universität Salzburg), also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, PLUS), is an Austrian public university in Salzburg municipality, Salzburg state, named after its founder, Prince-Archbishop Paris Lodron.. Find all the transport options for your trip from Salzburg Airport (SZG) to Mozarteum University Salzburg right here. (The International Mozarteum Foundation and the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg are the other two.) Network Mozarteum University Salzburg School. Mozarteum University, or officially in German Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, is one of three affiliated but separate entities under the "Mozarteum" moniker in that Austrian city. Rome2rio makes travelling from Salzburg Airport (SZG) to Mozarteum University Salzburg easy. Mozarteum University of Salzburg The interior of the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria immediately before a performance. Mozarteum University Salzburg, or officially in German Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, is one of three affiliated but separate entities under the "Mozarteum" moniker in Salzburg municipality. The Mozarteum University Salzburg (German: Universität Mozarteum Salzburg), also known simply as Mozarteum Salzburg, is a university in Salzburg city, Austria, which specializes in music and the dramatic arts. In the case of equal qualifications, women will be given priority. Orchestra Academy of the International Summer Academy of the Mozarteum Salzburg 30 July – 11 August 2018 The experience of making music together, encountering other musicians with a common aim frequently creates great and wonderful results that can also benefit playing as a soloist. Mozarteum University Salzburg. The Mozarteum University in Salzburg, Austria, announced the appointment of Romanian conductor Ion Marin as professor and artistic director of the university's concert activity. Established in 1841 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the death of Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the university attracts aspiring See all 1 Mozarteum University Salzburg tours on Tripadvisor Since 1958, the Mozarteum Orchester is the symphony orchestra of the city and province of Salzburg. CHANCELLOR'S OFFICE. 5020 Salzburg Mirabellplatz 1 T +43 662 6198-0 firstname.lastname@example.com www.uni-mozarteum.at. Mozarteum University, or officially in German Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, is one of three affiliated but separate entities under the "Mozarteum" moniker in … In 1953 the Music High School became an academy and from 1970 it was known as the Mozarteum Academy of Music and Performing Art in Salzburg.
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MONDAY, Jan. 8, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- An increase in out-of-pocket costs for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications could increase abandonment of PrEP, leading to an increase in HIV diagnoses, according to a study published in the January issue of Health Affairs.
Lorraine T. Dean, Sc.D., from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and colleagues estimated the risk-adjusted percentages of patients who abandoned their initial PrEP prescription across six out-of-pocket spending categories in a sample of 58,529 people with a new insurer-approved PrEP prescription. The percentage of patients who would abandon PrEP under hypothetical changes to out-of-pocket spending ranging from $0 to $500 was then simulated.
The researchers found that abandonment rates increased from 5.5 percent at $0 to 42.6 percent at >$500; there was a doubling in abandonment observed with a small increase from $0 to $10. Conversely, a decrease in abandonment rates was seen from 48.0 percent at >$500 to 7.3 percent at $0. Patients who abandoned versus filled PrEP prescriptions had a two to three times higher rate of HIV diagnoses.
"Our findings suggest that out-of-pocket cost increases for PrEP could upend the progress that has been made towards ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States," senior author Jalpa Doshi, Ph.D., from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said in a statement. |
- Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)
The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is a government ministry of India. The Ministry is headed by a minister of Cabinet rank. The current minister is Sharad Pawar.
The ministry is divided into two departments, the Department of Food and Public Distribution and the Department of Consumer Affairs .
Department of Food and Public Distribution
The Department of Public Distribution is charged with management of the food economy of the country.
The objectives of the Department are to ensure.
- Remunerative rates for our farmers
- The supply of food grains at reasonable prices to the consumers through the public distribution system
Public Distribution System
The Indian Public Distribution System (PDS) is a national food security system that distributed subsidized food to India's poor. Major commodities distributed include wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene. Surpluses of food from increased crop yields (as a result of the Green Revolution and good monsoon seasons) are managed by the Food Corporation of India, established by the Food Corporation Act 1964, implements national policy for farm price support, operations, procurement, storage, preservation, inter-state movement and distribution operations. PDS has a network of about 478,000 Fair Price Shops (FPS), perhaps the largest distribution network of its type in the world, operated by the Union Government and state governments.
Department of Consumer Affairs
The Department of Consumer affairs administers the policies for Consumer Cooperatives, Monitoring Prices, availability of essential commodities, Consumer Movement in the country and Controlling of statutory bodies like Bureau of Indian Standards(BIS) and Weights and Measures.
- Standards of Weights and Measures
- The Bureau of Indian Standards
- Consumer Cooperatives
- Forward Markets Commission, Mumbai.
- Monitoring of Prices and Availability of essential commodities
- The Consumer Protection Act, 1986
- Consumer Welfare Fund
The department of that are considered essential,regulates the availability and takes measures thereof along with prescribing measures to see that the whole system works towards the food security of vulnerable a lot of motivation,provided waves of zeal to owners of shops to make them into mini mall type structures that could perforce supply the maximum choice of goods&services to population to be reached including beneficiaries in their allotted areas.This has also given them more of dignity,accountability,visibility, positive orientation and changed mind set to do well,improve upon their perceived image as one who indulged in diversion,pilferage or leakages that rocked from within, just for his own ends only. This precisely had been the guiding factor to go for a systemic change in the scope of activity &goods handling,that has been liked by other states and also drawn the attention of a set of young MPs who had been given a presentation on the same. Even the Minister in charge Mr Sharad Pawar was much impressed with this new approach and outlook for a change in the system since it was out of box thinking and this impressed him to tell other states to copy or study it for replication.
The Public Sector Undertaking (PSU)s under the administrative control of Dept. of Public Distribution are:
- Food Corporation of India (FCI)
- Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC)
Categories:- Government ministries of India
- Welfare in India
- Consumer protection in India
- Indian government stubs
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"Button, Button" is a short story written by Richard Matheson, first published in the 1970 anthology "Button, Button: Uncanny Stories." The story has been adapted into various media, including a segment in the Twilight Zone television series and a feature film titled "The Box."
The story follows a couple, Norma and Arthur Lewis, who are offered a mysterious box with a button on it. A stranger tells them that if they press the button, they will receive a large sum of money, but in exchange, someone they do not know will die. The couple is faced with a moral dilemma as they consider the consequences of their actions.
Throughout the story, Matheson explores the concept of free will and the choices we make. The button serves as a symbol for the choices we are faced with in life and the consequences that come with them. The couple is faced with a difficult decision, as they must weigh their desire for financial gain against the value of a human life.
As they debate the pros and cons of pressing the button, Norma and Arthur's relationship is tested. Norma is more hesitant to press the button, while Arthur is more tempted by the financial reward. Their differing viewpoints and the tension that arises between them serves to illustrate the different ways in which people may approach moral dilemmas.
Ultimately, the couple decides not to press the button, but the experience leaves them shaken and questioning their own morality. The story leaves readers with a sense of unease, as it forces us to consider our own values and the choices we would make in a similar situation.
In "Button, Button," Matheson effectively uses the premise of a button and the consequences of pressing it to explore deeper themes of morality and free will. The story serves as a reminder of the weight of our choices and the impact they can have on others. |
Friday The 13th: Trivia, Facts, Myths And Superstitions About The Unlucky Day
Friday the 13th is considered to be the unluckiest day in the Gregorian calendar. This is the first and last Friday the 13th of 2021. Some years, the day comes more than once.
Since ancient times, both the number 13 and Friday are said to be linked to misfortune and bad luck. The first recorded reference in English writing of Friday the 13th is in Henry Sutherland Edwards' 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini. In it, Edwards writes: "Rossini was surrounded to the last by admiring and affectionate friends; Why Friday the 13th Is Unlucky."
To mark this unlucky, or maybe lucky, day, here are some interesting fun facts and trivia about Friday the 13th.
- The fear of Friday the 13th is known as friggatriskaidekaphobia, which is also called paraskavedekatriaphobia.
- There is at least one Friday the 13th in every year, and at the most, there are three.
- The number 13 is considered lucky by Italians.
- It has been a successful day for the movie industry. The "Friday the 13th" horror film franchise kicked off in 1980 and now has up to 12 sequels.
- On this day, many people love watching horror movies.
- Former President Franklin D. Roosevelt never hosted 13 guests at a meal. He also never traveled on the 13th, no matter which day of the week it fell on.
- Many cities do not have a 13th Street or a 13th Avenue.
- Some hospitals avoid labeling rooms with the number 13 and many airports skip gate 13.
Myths and Superstitions about Friday the 13th:
- Starting a trip on Friday could make someone encounter misfortune.
- Ships that set sail on a Friday will have bad luck.
- Cutting his/her hair on Friday the 13th could cause death in the family.
- Breaking a mirror on this day could bring seven years of bad luck.
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Committee examines issues associated with national efforts to reduce plastic pollution
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. – The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has appointed Imari Walker-Franklin, Ph.D., a research chemist at nonprofit research institute RTI International, to the Roundtable on Plastics.
"I am excited and honored to be appointed to the Roundtable on Plastics," said Dr. Walker-Franklin. "This is an incredible opportunity to make a real difference in tackling one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. The scientific research surrounding the impacts of plastic pollution is growing and collaboration with all stakeholders will be important to addressing this issue."
The roundtable will cover all aspects of the plastics lifecycle and examine potential interventions in plastic production and waste management, environmental and health impacts, and data collection, management and modeling. The goal is to explore and advance systemic solutions and interventions across each stage of the life cycle, address the complexity and diversity of issues in reducing plastic waste and advance the development of innovative solutions to achieve a future with significant reduction in plastic pollution in the environment.
In her role at RTI, Dr. Walker-Franklin contributes to research aimed at assessing human and environmental exposure to potentially harmful anthropogenic chemicals using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled to non-targeted analysis workflows. One key project of her research investigates the release and impact of microplastics and microplastic-associated chemicals within the environment and human body. In 2023, she published her first book, Plastics.
She believes that ongoing research, engineering, and policy efforts will have positive results in the next several years. These efforts include designing more sustainable and reusable materials and the United Nations treaty addressing plastic pollution, which is expected to be drafted this year.
Dr. Walker-Franklin earned her PhD in environmental engineering from Duke University, where she studied the chemicals released from plastic and their effects within aquatic environments. She also serves as mentor for undergraduates through the NCCU-RTI Center for Applied Research in Environmental Sciences (CARES) lab.
In-Depth With Our Experts: Addressing Plastic Pollution with Chemistry and Communication
To request an interview, contact our Media Relations team. |
Introduction to Breakout Cables and the purpose
Introduction to Breakout Cables and the purpose
Breakout cables take a single connector on one end and split it into multiple connectors on the other. This allows you to connect a single device to several others, or vice versa
For example a 40 Gigabit (Gb) port can be divided into four independent and logical 10Gb ports using the breakout cables, a 100Gb port into four independent and logical 25Gb ports, or a 400Gb port into four independent and logical 100Gb ports using the breakout cables.
Breakout cables are designed to separate or merge optical fibers or copper wires into multiple separate connectors, thereby improving and streamlining network connectivity. They combine several fibers or wires into a single cable bundle, avoiding the need for additional cables. This consolidation makes installation easier, minimizes cable congestion, and boosts cable management efficiency.
Fig 1.1- Breakout Cables and the purpose
If you look here, the channelized ports comprise of 40G, 100G, 200G, 2x100G, and 400G, while un-channelized ports include 10G, 25G, 50G, and 100G. So Breakout always help connecting a channelized port to multiple un-channelized or channelized ports.
⭐ Types of Breakout Cables
- Breakout DAC cables are copper-based and provide a direct electrical connection between networking equipment. They are made up of multiple copper Twinax cables, each of which is terminated with connectors on both ends. These cables, particularly high-speed varieties, are widely used in data centers to connect servers, switches, and other equipment within racks or cabinets, providing an inexpensive alternative for short-distance connectivity. Storage area networks (SAN), high-performance computing, and server clustering are examples of applications that benefit from their speed and dependability.
- Fiber breakout cables are classified according to fiber type, with single-mode and multimode types. Single-mode cables are best for long-distance transmissions, but multimode cables are best for short to medium distances. Another important consideration is the connector type, which includes LC, SC, and MPO connectors as standard. The decision is based on compatibility with devices and infrastructure, convenience of use, and density requirements.
- Breakout AOC cables, similar to optical modules, use optical fiber technology to achieve longer transmission lengths than Breakout DAC cables. They have many optical fibers packed within a single cable jacket, each terminated with connections. Active components in the cable convert optical signals to electrical signals. Breakout AOC cables are widely used in Fiber Channel storage area networks, providing a reliable and high-speed connectivity for storage devices, particularly in high-density situations like as densely filled racks or cabinets.
⭐ Advantages of Breakout Cables
- Breakout cables consolidate multiple signals into one, significantly reducing cable mess. This improves airflow, makes troubleshooting easier, and creates a cleaner overall look.
- Having a single cable to handle is much easier than wrangling and routing numerous individual cables. This translates to faster installation times and less frustration during setup. Additionally, managing and bundling a single cable is simpler than dealing with a tangled mess of individual ones.
- Breakout cables provide more flexibility when designing your network. They allow you to connect devices with different port configurations. For instance, a breakout cable can connect a high-speed port on a switch to multiple lower-speed devices, maximizing port utilization.
- In some cases, using breakout cables can lead to cost savings. By consolidating connections into a single cable, you might need fewer transceivers or other equipment compared to using individual cables. This can be especially true in data centers where maximizing space and resources is crucial.
- Depending on the configuration, breakout cables can offer a layer of redundancy. If one of the individual connections within the breakout cable fails, the others can still function, maintaining some level of connectivity. |
The proportion of poorer pupils attending grammar schools has increased by less than 1 percentage point in four years, despite extra funding and an agreement with government aimed at making them more inclusive.
Ministers even admitted some selective schools had seen a decline in inclusivity, and urged leaders "to challenge themselves to do more".
A Department for Education evaluation found just 7.9 per cent of children in England's 163 grammar schools in 2021-22 were eligible for pupil premium funding, up from 7.2 per cent in 2017-18.
All schools need to challenge themselves to do more
The report examines the impact of a memorandum of understanding between the DfE and Grammar School Heads' Association (GSHA), in place between 2018 and 2022.
The DfE said the "fact that the number of disadvantaged children at grammar schools remains low in the face of interventions to increase their numbers shows what a complex issue this is to resolve".
Achieving inclusion would require "multiple interventions", they said, and "all schools, especially those which have made no progress or very little progress in admitting greater numbers of disadvantaged children, need to challenge themselves to do more".
Alongside the MoU covering 152 grammar schools, the DfE also handed 22 schools £64 million in expansion cash in exchange for efforts to boost inclusion.
Dr Nuala Burgess, chair of campaign group Comprehensive Future, said the 0.7 per cent rise in four years was a "shocking figure".
"Grammar school heads should be ashamed. They make a very big deal about their schools being a force for social mobility. They are nothing of the sort. It looks like business as usual."
Schools prioritise poorer pupils, but cap numbers
The DfE said the number of selective schools offering a level of priority to disadvantaged children increased from 63 in 2017, to 136 in 2022.
Of 152 members of GSHA, 104 now prioritise children eligible for free school meals or the pupil premium for admission, after looked-after and previously-looked-after children, who have to be first by law.
However, of those, 42 "cap the numbers of disadvantaged children to be admitted under this priority criterion". Some schools also lowered their pass mark for disadvantaged children.
The DfE pointed out that "only high-ability pupils who meet the required standard in a selection test are eligible for admission to grammar schools and, like their non-pupil premium peers, not all pupil premium children will meet the required standard".
They said the Covid-19 pandemic had "understandably, been a challenge for schools in undertaking outreach activity", but added there were "many good examples" of work by schools.
Dr Mark Fenton, chief executive of GSHA, said schools had been "experimenting with different ways of adjusting their admissions policies to widen access".
As part of a new MoU, the organisation will be "encouraging governing bodies to take a fresh look at their admissions policies in light of experience from across the sector."
But he said it was "encouraging" that the overall number of poorer children in grammar schools had "continued to rise" despite a drop in attainment of disadvantaged primary pupils. |
Neurodivergent college students possess unique strengths and perspectives, yet they may also encounter challenges in their academic journey. Understanding neurodiversity, common conditions, and symptoms is essential for providing tailored support and effective study strategies. Here are five study tips to help neurodivergent college students excel in their education:
1. Establish a Supportive Study Environment
Creating a conducive study space is crucial for neurodivergent students, who may be more sensitive to sensory distractions. Find a quiet, comfortable spot with minimal interruptions, such as a home office or designated study area. Noise-cancelling headphones can help minimize auditory distractions, fostering focus and productivity.
2. Develop a Structured Study Schedule
Neurodivergent students often benefit from routine and structure. Establish a consistent study schedule with specific times allocated for study sessions, breaks, and leisure activities. Breaking down tasks into manageable chunks and using techniques like the Pomodoro Method can enhance focus and time management skills.
3. Utilize Support Services and Resources
Take advantage of support services offered by your college, such as academic tutoring, counseling, and disability accommodations. Professors' office hours provide opportunities for personalized guidance and clarification of course material. Additionally, consider joining or forming study groups to collaborate with peers and share resources.
4. Enhance Note-Taking Techniques
Effective note-taking is essential for retaining information and preparing for exams. Experiment with different note-taking methods, such as structured outlines, mind maps, or color-coded summaries, to find what works best for you. Utilize assistive technologies like speech-to-text software or note-taking apps to streamline the process.
5. Leverage Assistive Technology
Explore assistive technology tools designed to support neurodivergent learners. Apps like Synthy, which converts text to speech, can help with reading comprehension and accessibility. Other useful tools include task management apps, focus aids, and relaxation apps to manage stress and promote well-being.
By incorporating these study strategies and leveraging available resources, neurodivergent college students can overcome challenges, maximize their potential, and thrive academically. Embracing neurodiversity fosters a more inclusive and supportive learning environment for all students. |
Floods and climate change have wide-ranging effects in Pakistan. Vulnerable populations, including the poor, women, and children, bear a disproportionate burden.
The MET office has issued a warning about the possibility of a catastrophic monsoon and flood situation similar to the 2022 floods in the country this year. Factors such as rising temperatures, glacier melting, and an early monsoon contribute to this concern. If these destructive floods were to occur again, there is a significant chance that the country would face a serious economic crisis.
Therefore, it is crucial for the government to declare a "climate emergency" in the country without delay. This declaration will communicate to the world that the issue is being approached with the highest level of seriousness and urgency.
In May of this year, Sindh was hit by a severe and unexpected hailstorm. This hailstorm caused extensive damage, impacting the mango and other crops, and resulting in financial and physical losses for city residents.
Additionally, yesterday, heavy rainfall followed by thunderstorms wreaked havoc in different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, leading to over 20 reported deaths and numerous injuries. Meanwhile, Karachi is preparing for an approaching coastal storm. It is important to highlight that all of these disasters are directly linked to climate change.
Floods and climate change have wide-ranging effects in Pakistan. Vulnerable populations, including the poor, women, and children, bear a disproportionate burden. Displaced communities face challenges in accessing essential services like clean water, healthcare, and education, which have long-term consequences for their well-being and development.
Pakistan's agriculture sector, a vital source of livelihood, is also impacted by changing rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and heat waves, resulting in crop failures, food shortages, and economic hardships for farmers.
The floods in Pakistan are a direct consequence of climate change, which is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heat waves, monsoon rains, and glacial melt. Despite contributing less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, Pakistan ranks among the top five affected countries.
In addition to the above, there are many other causes of floods, such as deforestation and improper land management practices that lead to soil erosion, which reduces the land's ability to absorb and retain water.
Insufficient infrastructure, including dams, embankments, and drainage systems, makes it difficult to manage the flow of water. Another factor is illegal encroachment and construction on riverbeds, which restrict the natural flow of water and contribute to river overflow during heavy rainfall.
Since 2010, Pakistan has experienced several devastating floods with significant damage and loss of life. The 2010 floods affected around 20 million people and claimed over 1,600 lives. In 2011, the Sindh floods affected over 5.3 million people and caused over 400 deaths.
In 2014, the Kashmir floods caused over 400 fatalities and displaced more than 1 million individuals. The 2019 Sindh floods affected over 700,000 people and caused significant crop damage. In 2020, Karachi witnessed its most devastating floods in almost a century, resulting in at least 41 deaths and extensive damage due to heavy monsoon rains.
The floods in 2022 resulted in the tragic loss of 1,739 lives, including 647 children. Approximately 600,000 pregnant women in Pakistan were impacted by the floods, leading to increased risks of complications, infections, and mortality for both mothers and newborns.
The latest economic survey's special section on flood impact assessment reveals that the floods caused Rs 3.2 trillion ($14.9 billion) in damages and Rs 3.3 trillion ($15.2 billion) in economic losses.
The rehabilitation efforts require an estimated $16.3 billion. Infrastructure was severely impacted, with $5.6 billion in damages to housing, $3.7 billion to agriculture, livestock, and fisheries, and $3.3 billion to transport and communications. The recovery and reconstruction process prioritizes transport and communication, followed by agriculture and livestock, and then household needs based on cost.
Sindh was disproportionately affected, with damage and losses totaling over $18 billion. The floods were caused by heavy monsoon rains and melting glaciers, both of which are connected to climate change. Over 33 million people were affected, and more than 1 million houses were destroyed or damaged.
The floods in 2022 also resulted in significant damage to the education sector, including the complete or partial destruction of over 18,000 schools, with Sindh being the hardest hit, with nearly 16,000 schools destroyed.
Around 3.5 million children, especially girls, are at risk of permanently leaving school due to the disruption caused by climate-related events. However, it is important to highlight the commendable efforts of the Sindh government in effectively managing the drainage of floodwater, despite the extensive damage suffered by the agricultural sector.
These catastrophic events force families to relocate, uprooting children from their communities, schools, and support systems, exposing them to risks such as exploitation and limited access to education and healthcare. The floods in 2022 were the deadliest since the 2020 South Asian floods and ranked among the world's most expensive natural disasters in history.
Despite the significant financial and infrastructure damage caused by rainfall and floods, we have not learned from these disasters.
However, as a united nation, we should learn from these experiences and utilize this water to minimise losses from floods and rainfall. We should concentrate on utilizing this water for agriculture, energy production, and other alternative purposes.
To minimize the impact of floods, it is crucial to prioritize utilizing our own resources rather than relying solely on international assistance. Harnessing technology can greatly improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of flood management.
This involves implementing advanced systems like early warning mechanisms, enhancing flood forecasting methods, and improving infrastructure such as flood control structures and drainage systems.
We should adopt climate-smart agricultural practices, foster a climate-smart agricultural economy, and strive for a green revolution 2.0. By embracing technology, we can better prepare for floods, mitigate their effects, and safeguard lives and properties.
Investing in infrastructure like dams, levees, and resilient city drainage systems is essential for flood control. These measures will help prevent excessive water flow, protect vulnerable areas, and ensure effective floodwater management. Prioritizing our own capabilities and leveraging technological solutions are key to managing and reducing the damages caused by floods. |
The Abyssinian cat is a living work of art, a testament to the beauty and complexity of the natural world. From its captivating coat to its enigmatic personality, this breed embodies the essence of feline grace and charm. Whether lounging in the sun or embarking on a grand adventure, the Abyssinian captivates all who encounter it, leaving an indelible impression on hearts and minds alike. In a world filled with wonders, the Abyssinian cat stands out as a true marvel, a creature of mystery and magic.
Abyssinian Cat Breed Profile, Traits, Description, Facts, Care
The Abyssinian cat, a captivating member of the domestic feline family, is renowned for its striking appearance and captivating personality. Originating from Abyssinia, now known as Ethiopia, this breed boasts a unique coat pattern that sets it apart from other feline companions. The term "Abyssinian" evokes images of elegance and mystery, reminiscent of ancient lands and exotic tales. With their mesmerizing ticked tabby coats, each hair adorned with bands of varying hues, Abyssinians exude an air of sophistication and charm.
History: Origins and Migration
The Abyssinian cat, though bearing the name of an ancient African region, traces its documented lineage back to Great Britain in the heart of the 19th century. Legend intertwines with historical accounts, suggesting that British soldiers stationed in North Africa during the 1800s may have encountered these enigmatic felines in their travels. It's speculated that these soldiers, enamored by the exotic allure of the Abyssinian cats, procured kittens from local merchants and brought them back to their homeland. Thus, the Abyssinian's journey from the mystical lands of Africa to the shores of Britain became etched in the annals of feline history.
The Allure of the Abyssinian Coat
The Abyssinian's coat is a marvel of nature, a tapestry woven with intricate patterns and rich colors. Unlike traditional tabby cats, whose coats display bold stripes or swirls, the Abyssinian's fur is adorned with a mesmerizing "ticked" pattern. Each hair is banded with multiple shades, creating a visual depth that enchants all who behold it. The interplay of light and shadow across the cat's sleek frame accentuates the beauty of its coat, turning every movement into a graceful dance of color.
Origins and History: Tracing the Abyssinian's Roots
The history of the Abyssinian cat is shrouded in myth and legend, adding to its mystique and allure. While its exact origins remain uncertain, some believe that the breed can be traced back to ancient Egypt, where it was revered as a symbol of grace and divine protection. Others suggest that Abyssinians were brought to Europe by traders from the African continent, their exotic appearance captivating hearts and minds wherever they went. Regardless of its precise lineage, the Abyssinian's journey through history is a testament to its enduring appeal and timeless elegance.
Personality and Temperament: Unraveling the Abyssinian's Charisma
Beyond its captivating appearance, the Abyssinian cat possesses a personality as enchanting as its coat. Known for their intelligence and curiosity, Abyssinians are inquisitive creatures, always eager to explore their surroundings and engage with their human companions. They form strong bonds with their families, often seeking out affection and companionship. Despite their playful nature, Abyssinians also have a regal bearing, carrying themselves with an air of dignity befitting their ancient heritage. The breed is named Abyssinia (now known as Ethiopia), where it is thought to have originated.
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Sports Injury
Sports Injury
Sports injuries are injuries that occur during sports or exercise activities. They can be caused by acute trauma, improper training, lack of conditioning, or insufficient warm-up and stretching. Common sports injuries include sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, and contusions. Some of the most common sports injuries are:
- Sprains: A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect bones to each other.
- Strains: A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones.
- Fractures: A fracture is a break in a bone. Fractures can be caused by a sudden impact or by repetitive stress.
- Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when a bone is forced out of its normal position in a joint.
- Contusions: A contusion is a bruise, which is caused by a direct blow to the body.
Preventing sports injuries involves proper training, conditioning, and warm-up exercises. It is also important to wear appropriate protective gear, such as helmets, pads, and shoes.
What Naples-Clinic can DO for YOU!
If an injury does occur, it is important to seek medical attention for appropriate evaluation and diagnosis. An x-ray of the injured area maybe be necessary for complete evaluation. Depending on the mechanism of injury, location of the injury and severity of the injury, a treatment regimen will be offered. The athlete must follow the treatment protocols to allow proper healing with the result of a safe return to play. Following a proper rehabilitation program to prevent further injury is an important part of the continuum of sports injury management.
The Naples-Clinic is offering, through its Ortho Urgent Care program, timely access, evaluation, X-ray, diagnosis, treatment, and recommendations for the safe return to play.
Come and see us at Naples-Clinic Ortho Urgent Care for evaluation and management of your ortho injury. |
Water and Genocide in Gaza: Deprivation and Suffering
Asian Green News did a month-long investigation into the story of Water Genocide in Gaza, and all indications are that the suffering is so massive that this must be included at the International Court of Justice. Civilians in Gaza are dying due to dehydration, water-contamination, poor-hygiene, lack of electrical power and fuel, and reduction to medieval style living standards.
Genocide by water-deprivation is a crime against humanity because it undermines human survival and undercuts economic functioning:
"The right to water has been recognized as being derived from the right to an adequate standard of living, and therefore implicitly contained in the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and other instruments. The right to water includes availability of sufficient water for personal and domestic uses, physical access within or in the immediate vicinity of each household, affordibility, and adequate quality of water. States must prioritize, as part of their immediate obligations, access for everyone to the minimum essential amount of water that is sufficient and safe for personal and domestic uses to prevent disease. States have to adopt the necessary measures directed towards the full realization of the right to water, including by taking positive measures to assist individuals and communities to enjoy the right." — Amnesty International
Huge Differential in Drinking Water Provision
However differential access to water has always been the policy of the Israeli government for complete control and consolidation of all water resources, water-related infrastructure, and power within Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. It has been emplaced by special military orders, such as Military Order 158, which empowers the IDF to inspect for proper well installation and/or infrastructure permits, otherwise those may be shut down or removed. It has allowed the IDF to create 'detention zones' for Palestinian farmers living in Area C of the West Bank, to limit their ability to draw water. In Gaza, according to the Gaza water utility chief executive, Monther Shoblaq, this has made what should have only taken two years for a large-scale desalination plant installation take seven years with no completion date in sight due to all the delays for allowing any "dual-use" items to cross the border. Pipe-fittings, cement, well-pipe, pumps, large equipment and tools, construction materials are all classified as "dual-use" by Israel National Security, meaning they can be used by Hamas for terrorism.
According to Issam al-Khatib, an expert from the Institute of Environmental and Water Studies at Birzeit University, the deprivation is creating regional risks never before seen. His article "Water and Sewage systems in Gaza in the Shadow of Brutal war" is dated December 29, 2023, yet mostly things have gotten worse since then.
Water delivery into Gaza has always been carefully rationed at a 3:1 to 4:1 ratio in allotment ratio for Israeli to Palestinian. Issam notes that the need inside Gaza, with its population in 2023 of 2.2 million people (capita) should be at least 250,000 cubic meters for domestic use such as drinking and hygiene. At 264 gallons per cubic meter that works out to a minimum of 66 million gallons per day, which provides 30 gallons per day person:
(250,000 m^3/d)(264gal/m^3)=66,000,000gallons/day=66mgd
(66,000,000 gallons/day)/(2,200,000 million cap)= 30 gallons per day per person
This would match the bare minimum standard from international authorities such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization. For instance, the World Health Organization daily minimum is set at 100Liters per day capita, which translates to about 26 gallons per day per person. For perspective, in the United States, the daily campground design standard is 100gallons per day capita, and inside Israel, the average use is 300L per day capita which meets the 3:1 ratio at least.
However under wartime conditions, that once bare minimal requirement is no longer met whatsoever. Today, when the Gazans line up for drinking water, carrying their plastic containers and buckets, they can carry home maybe at most 5 gallons per person, water that must last all day. But if they are sharing the water with other family members who did not have the time or energy to stand in line for hours, it easily reduces to 1 gallon per person per day, or barely 3 Liters per day capita.
This super low figure has been documented by various authorities including the United Nations which has an "emergency" minimum recommendation of 15 Liters per day capita; meaning the average resident in Gaza is still receiving far less than the barest minimal amount of safe drinking water:
1 L = 0.264 gallon (US); 3 L = 0.79 gallon (just above 3/4 gallons); 15 Liters = 4 gallons
The daily emergency minimal amount recommended by the United Nations works out to 4 gallons, while each Gazan only receives about 1 gallon, 25 percent of the recommended. Whereas the most conservationist minded Israeli citizen is still using about 40 gallons per day capita, meaning a 10:1 ratio in drinking water provision difference.
Maximal Deprivation Matched by Power Cutoffs
In the aftermath, Israel not only attacked and occupied Water Treatment Plants and Wastewater Treatment Plants but also cut off all electrical supplies going into Gaza. Needless to say, this dishabilitated all plants requiring electricity to operate, although it did leave solar arrays relatively intact, even though due to the limitations on imports, there are few solar battery storage or solar-operated generators. Also with the complete shutdown of the northern border crossing at Erez, and extremely constricted crossings allowed from the South, fuel supplies have been very limited. Even in the best of times, the fuel storage within Gaza lasted for only a month.
According to Rosa Taha, researcher at the Institute of Palestine Studies, even before the October 7th attacks by Hamas which instigated disproportionate counter-attacks, there was a differential in electricity unmet needs of 50%. Consider for a moment that the Gazans, always having had to make do with less, have actually learned to conserve in their use of all critical resources, so what they consider as unmet need would be far greater in the West. Before October 7th, the total stated need was 450-500 Megawatts per day. How this compares with the West can be computed based on a rough allotment per Gazan, based on positing that the fifty percent Gaza Strip actually receives amounts to only 250 MW per day:
(250MW/2,200,000 cap)=(0.000114MW/cap)(1000KW/MW)= (0.114 KW/person)(1000W/KW)= 114 Watt/person
However according to Gaza Water utility, electricity is provided less than eight hours a day (even before October 7th), sometimes only for four hours. So one can imagine that one might be able to operate a few lights and a small appliance at the most.
In "Cutting Electricity to Gaza: One of Israel's Genocidal Tools" several major sources of energy are described all of which have suffered cutbacks. First, the local liquid-fuel and natural-gas based power plant, whose capacity is limited due to the few fuel trucks allowed to cross. Second, the Gaza Strip (an area about 7 miles wide by 20 miles length) is supplied 120MW daily from Israel through arrangement with the Palestinian Authority paid for by taxes. In 2017, the amount was reduced to 70MW per day. Third, Egypt has powerlines to Rafah that supplies up to 20MW per day, but the power grid suffers from many breakdowns and interruptions.
The entire electricity and energy sector in Gaza is tenuous due to the lack of complete autonomy. Israel treats it as an occupied territory including making administration multi-layered and complex and conditioned upon contemporary relationships. This is due to the legality of The Paris Protocol signed in 1994, and renewed in 2012, which allows Israel sole customs responsibility for all incoming goods, since Israel controls the borders, and all other ports of entry. Under the agreement, Israel collects import and value-added taxes, but also operates the national banks, allowing it to transfer goods and services at-will, and also based on the revenues received, for instance, from Palestinian taxes owing.
This creates a financial and product differential, for instance, Israel could increase taxes, withhold services, condition it for political pressure, or even to exact punishment, as has happened over the past six months with shutoffs in water, electricity, fuel, and many other consumer goods upon which the Palestinians and Gazans depend. Furthermore the Israelis have added layers of administrative complexity such as favoring dealing with the Palestinian Water Authority (Fatah) directly over Hamas, which can create intra-OPT friction. The Palestinian Authority, in turn, may impose its own conditional provision of services and value-added taxation upon Gaza for water from the Mountain Aquifer (although both the Coastal, and Mountain Aquifer are controlled by Mekorot, the Israeli state-owned water company.)
The result is that Gaza Strip has lived in a time-capsule of forever-delays in much needed type of repairs particularly after infrastructure is damaged or bombed deliberately. This has been the case with its fuel-based powerplant, with its on-hold larger desalination plant, and now with its water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as many private water tanks. When the electricity is cutoff water can be neither treated nor delivered; the associated water infrastructure is neglected, and especially if many delivery links are cut.
Already according to the Gaza Water Utility, and the United Nations, the available water supply from the Coastal Aquifer is almost irreparably polluted from years of overpumping, saltwater intrusion, and contaminants entering the water table due to the urban density. The nitrates level, for instance, can be as high as 5,000ppm, where the acceptable is already 50ppm. In the United States, the maximum contaminant limit for nitrates is 10ppm, since nitrates enter the system from farming, fertilizer, septic systems, and animal matter. There is also heavy metals, high sodium levels, and bacteria. Currently nothing is being treated, so the residents of Gaza are suffering many types of stomach-related illness.
Gaza Left Like a Butcher's Yard
The sanitation situation is made many times worse because of the lack of treatment available for human wastes, the impassable roads, the ongoing bombing and shelling campaigns, and the number of dead left in random mass graves or buried amid the rubble.
The storm-drainage system is broken and the stormwater (which may have been collected with sewage) can bubble up in pockets and pools unexpectedly. The roads are full of danger and especially for children, or donkeys, there can be sinkholes or sand-piping formations. Nothing can be repaired without a full re-opening of the borders and a humanitarian ceasefire, however, as of this date, the United States Congress (House) has approved an aid package for Israel of $26 billion dollars. Aid for Gaza is provided but it is miniscule and will be handed over to the State of Israel to disburse as it sees fit. Mostly it will encourage the Israelis to continue, if not intensify, its ethnic-cleansing operations in Gaza and the West Bank.
Without adequate aid flowing in and aid workers, mostly the Gazans are left to fend for themselves in setting up make-shift sanitation systems and landfills. With the oppressive Zionist regime even trying to cut off communications with the outside world, it is by a miracle of God that these people have not given up all hope. But to encourage them to not want to live, of course the Zionist regime is broadcasting all kinds of disdainful mockery and propaganda, stoking the flames of blind putrid hate by its captive brainwashed citizens, while continuing to send in drones which can be heard buzzing around overhead all day-long. Clearly, since the ICJ hearings, nothing has changed; Israel will not comply.
As of April 2024, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), all five of the wastewater treatment plants are still non-operational, although one of them is partially working. According to Shaddad Attili, a former head of the Palestinian Water Authority, the raw sewage is creating a threat to the people, the aquifer, and the sea, since an estimated 130,000 cubic meters (34.3MGD) is being released without treatment. However since the IDF has forced the Palestinians inside Gaza south towards Rafah, a huge ecological toll is taking placed in this southern quarter from 1.7 million people being crammed into the newly overcrowded border town.
Likely released sewage is being left on the streets, with smells detectable throughout the surroundings, and insects, and seeping into the ocean. In fact, according to Nada Majdalani, director at EcoPeace Middle East, it does not matter whether or not Israel has the latest desalination plants and can provide for all of its own citizens, because one day it will still have to pay for its ignorance of the natural collective. And that may be coming true even if Israel is very proud of its five state-of-the-art desalination plants or 120 wastewater treatment plants capable of grey water-recycling.
According to Al Mezan Center for Human Rights in "Impact of Israeli Closure and Blockade on the Basic Services in the Gaza Strip":
"The power shortage crisis and Israel's ban on fuel entry have prompted many municipalities in the Gaza Strip to pump untreated sewage into the sea, causing water pollution. In 2021, a test carried out by the Water and Environmental Quality Authority showed that 75% of seawater along Gaza's coastline, which extends to about 40km [24miles], is polluted."
Imagine that pods of waste may drift northwards towards Ashkelon and their water purification intakes; or other pristine sun-bathing spots around Ashdod, Israel. Or worse that the untreated waste pods might head towards the gas and oil platforms, or interfere with fishing vessels and ocean liners. It may only be a chance occurrence, yet what comes around tends to also go around, and this is not even considering the harm to the coastal ecology. Certainly it cannot be the fault of the Palestinians, who are in a daily fight for survival.
Sewage and untreated wastes will also leach into the Coastal Aquifer and affect farmlands, spreading contagious diseases and waterborne illnesses. Those will manifest among the population and can travel across borders in many different ways. The worse is the unseen effects of continued bloody rampages by the IDF; their lives and their loved ones will be spiritually blinded and living in state of mass-psychosis for decades to come, driven by the paranoid and psychopathy of the Israeli leaders today with their museums of venerated gangsters, who promoted dogma and intolerance.
Palestinians and Voices for Peace are Calling for Sanity
There is not a moment to waste in this existential world crisis which is entirely man-made. The United States has cornered itself either through compromisable bribes, sex-scandals, corruption charges, or blood-oaths into becoming willing partners-in-crime with today's most tyrannical bloodthirsty world-leaders. It will issue a few token reprimands to Ukraine's Zelensky or Israel's Netanyahu, then craft an arms deal package of $61 billion and $26 billion dollars respectively for each country. The U.S. is hoping to buy Taiwan for a pittance through an $8 billion dollar aid package. The weapons of war are not stowed away for rainy days but being used right now to kill more Russians, Palestinians, and into the foreseeable future, Chinese.
This is not a static situation but one calling for resolve and action. In April, more and more college campuses, civic leaders, and students are demanding an end to the genocide in Gaza, and a genuine effort at political resolution. UNOCHA's April 2024 report shows that very little has changed. There are only (6) functioning hospitals, with only one hospital in Khan Younis able to perform surgeries, but limited to about 20 per day, for the entire Gaza population. Many children are malnourished, and permanently scarred or enduring physiological damage from being displaced. Adults are unable to obtain medications and at least 233 mosques have been destroyed. 70% of buildings are damaged or destroyed, and 57% of shelters offer inadequate protection from the elements. Most children have not gone to school for months, and they are even using textbooks as tinder for cooking.
The current regime wants to cover everything up, proceed with their killing machine, while using their media machine to blame it all on "Hamas." The IDF coldly shoots or bombs down ambulence drivers, aid workers, schools, hospitals, health facilities, and storage tanks. Today, Israel even uses the IDF to monitor rooftop rainwater collection systems, claiming that the water in those cisterns belong to Mekorot, however, they are just as content to destroy the cisterns, just to get a hard-on while watching the Palestinian family suffer. They are also using the legal and court industrial complex to arrest and detain anyone who can stand in their way, including academics, doctors, farmers, students, scholars, lawyers, activists, journalists, actresses, etc.
Amnesty International's 2017 report, "The Occupation of Water," documents case after case of Palestinian farmers, businesses, villages, and communities in the West Bank being systematically deprived of economic sustenance through water-deprivation, water-theft, and violence. There is no recourse to the law if the military defends and arms the criminals randomly attacking wife, children, grandfather, grandmother, Bedouins who have planted orange groves, citrus trees, tended the olive trees, and cared for their fields for generations. These resources—land, water, trees, farms, crops, children, animals, streams, roads, minerals, buildings, homes—all once belonged to the Palestinians.
"50 years on, it is time for the Israeli authorities to put an end to policies and practices which discriminate against Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and to address their desperate need for water security. The Israeli authorities must lift the restrictions currently in place which deny millions of Palestinians access to sufficient water to meet their personal and domestic needs as well as to enjoy their rights to water, food, health, work and an adequate standard of living." — Amnesty International
"The right to water and sanitation is a fundamental human right enshrined in international conventions. As Israel is a signatory to these conventions, it is obliged to uphold this right in all the territories it controls." — B'Tselem
"Al Mezan reiterates its call on the international community to uphold its moral and legal obligations toward the Palestinian people by urging Israel to immediately, fully, and unconditionally lift its closure and blockade and end all associated unlawful restrictions imposed on the movement of people and goods to and from the Gaza Strip." — Mezan Center
At this time involvement in activism often feels like one is spinning wheels in the mud, especially when one is surrounded by extreme normalcy bias, like inside the Beltway; or reality denialism, so promoted by corporate media with their chosen amplification of the news that matters for today. However one must not give up. There are many ways to become involved without feeding the trolls. You can be an ambassador for peace in the Middle East just by praying and sharing your vision of sanity and voicing your support for promoting international human rights.
Chart developed and article prepared by Christine Kroll, P.E. |
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Wind energy is becoming a feasible and sustainable alternative to existing power sources. With increasing awareness about climate change and a desire for energy independence, more homeowners are considering erecting wind turbines on their homes. However, the decision to invest in wind turbines involves several factors, primarily the wind turbines for homes cost.
Wind turbines for homes, also known as domestic or little wind turbines, are smaller-scale devices that use wind energy to create power for residential premises.
Overall, residential wind turbines can be a realistic alternative for homeowners wishing to harness renewable energy while reducing their environmental footprint. Still, proper planning and consideration of numerous elements are required for a successful installation.
Residential, small wind projects (below 100 kilowatts) typically cost between $3,000 and $5,000 per kilowatt of energy capacity, as noted by the American Wind Energy Association. Since most residential systems range from 5 kW to 15 kW, the overall cost for a home system could be between $15,000 and $75,000. However, the total cost depends on local pricing.
Let's look at the installation of wind turbines for homes cost:
Product | Power Capacity (W) | Cost ($) | Cost Per Watt ($/W) |
Missouri General Freedom II Wind Turbine | 2,000 | 749.00 | 0.37 |
Happybuy Wind Turbine (24 V) | 400 | 194.98 | 0.49 |
EOLO Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbine | 3,000 | 4,000.00 | 1.33 |
SHZOND Wind Generator | 400 | 159.99 | 0.39 |
Tumo-Int Wind Turbine | 5,000 | 4,999.00 | 1.00 |
In conclusion, while installing wind turbines for residences entails major upfront expenditures and considerations, it can provide long-term financial and environmental benefits. By generating clean, renewable energy on-site, homeowners may minimise their dependency on traditional power sources, lower their electricity costs, and help to create a more sustainable future. However, before deciding, homeowners must perform extensive study, examine the viability of their property for wind energy, and carefully consider the financial ramifications. With appropriate planning and realistic expectations, investing in home wind turbines can be worthwhile for those who value sustainability and energy independence.
Also Read: Installation And Maintenance Of Small Wind Energy System At Home |
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