identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 32
|
https://www.levelaccess.com/news/pizza-pizza-delivers-convenience-essential-accessibility/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Delivers Convenience with eSSENTIAL Accessibility
|
[
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/themes/newptheme/assets/img/alert_arrow_down.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/themes/newptheme/assets/img/alert_arrow_up.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/light.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/themes/newptheme/assets/img/icon-blog-calendar.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/level-access-logo.png",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Forrester-Wave-1.png",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Group-huddled-around-computer-470x313.jpg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/light.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Frame-740.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/youtube.svg",
"https://www.levelaccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/linkedin.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Level Access"
] |
2021-05-20T18:41:36+00:00
|
Pizza Pizza, Canada's leading pizza chain, announced today a new partnership with eSSENTIAL Accessibility to help extend its service. Learn more.
|
en
|
/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/cropped-2023-LevelAccess_FavIcon_Midnight-RGB_215x215-1-32x32.png
|
Level Access
|
https://www.levelaccess.com/news/pizza-pizza-delivers-convenience-essential-accessibility/
|
By: Level Access
Pizza chain’s offerings now available to more Canadians through PizzaPizza.ca.
eSSENTIAL Accessibility and Level Access have merged! Read More
May 20, 2011 (Toronto) – Pizza Pizza, Canada’s leading pizza chain, announced today a new partnership with eSSENTIAL Accessibility to help extend its service to Canadians with physical disabilities. The company is the first major quick service restaurant chain to join the initiative, which is part of a Disability Community Involvement initiative sponsored by March of Dimes Canada.
eSSENTIAL Accessibility and March of Dimes Canada are leading this initiative by bringing organizations together to connect with and empower the disabled community in a meaningful way. The solution allows organizations to make expensive assistive technology available to all for free, thereby extending access to important online information and services to more Canadians.
“Reaching out to Canadians with physical disabilities and providing this type of convenience is a very important achievement for our business, and the industry as a whole,” said Pat Finelli, chief marketing officer, Pizza Pizza. “Customers can order in our stores, through our central phone number, using the iPhone app or via our website. Now with the launch of this solution, an important new segment of the market will have a convenient way to order that works within their lifestyle.”
Users can click on the intuitive icons ( ) located on the PizzaPizza.ca homepage and use assistive technology to order their menu choices. The application is available to more than two million Canadians who have difficulty typing, moving a mouse or reading a web page. It is a virtual wheelchair for websites and empowers users with dexterity limitations that arise from a variety of conditions including stroke, paralysis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy and Parkinson’s disease. It also helps individuals who have difficulty reading because of literacy deficiencies, limited English proficiency, dyslexia, or a mild visual impairment.
“Helping the disabled achieve independence is critical and that includes doing something as routine as ordering pizza online,” said Simon Dermer, managing director, eSSENTIAL Accessibility. “Pizza Pizza is a leader and the first in the Canadian quick service restaurant segment to join this initiative. They have set a precedent for others to foster inclusion and support for the disability community.”
“We want to ensure all of our customers and suppliers understand this clear commitment to the initiative,” reinforced Finelli.
Pizza Pizza will be rolling out the program by advising its franchise partners, suppliers and employees, as well as notifying customers through its Facebook and Twitter pages. For more information and to see the platform in action, visit www.pizzapizza.ca.
About Pizza Pizza Limited
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 49
|
https://wham1180.iheart.com/featured/coast-to-coast-am/content/2024-04-15-video-pizza-stalker-plagues-canadian-man/
|
en
|
Video: 'Pizza Stalker' Plagues Canadian Man
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/661d98784991d1ffbf48d360?ops=gravity(%22north%22),fit(1200,675),quality(65)
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/661d98784991d1ffbf48d360?ops=gravity(%22north%22),fit(1200,675),quality(65)
|
[
"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.brands/6419e6c858ed687f8c4a590c?ops=gravity(%22center%22),contain(180,60)&quality=80",
"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.brands/6419e6c858ed687f8c4a590c?ops=gravity(%22center%22),contain(180,60)&quality=80",
"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/f79fc341-a979-4863-81b0-eea1ddc6e07b?ops=gravity(\"center\"),ratio(1,1),fit(190,190),quality(75)",
"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/f79fc341-a979-4863-81b0-eea1ddc6e07b?ops=resize(900,506),quality(10)",
"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/faf40618-8c4b-4554-939b-49bce06bbcca"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"wham",
"news",
"rochester",
"lonsberry"
] | null |
[] |
2024-04-15T00:00:00
|
A Canadian man is at his wit's end due to a nefarious individual who has repeatedly ordered pizzas to his home and workplace for the last six months.
|
en
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.brands/6419e6c858ed687f8c4a590c?ops=gravity(%22center%22),contain(32,32),quality(65)
|
Coast to Coast AM with George Noory
|
https://news.iheart.com/featured/coast-to-coast-am/content/2024-04-15-video-pizza-stalker-plagues-canadian-man/
|
A Canadian man is at his wit's end due to a nefarious individual who has repeatedly ordered pizzas to his home and workplace for the last six months. The weird case reportedly began back in November when Justin Rybicki's dinner at his home in the community of Stony Plain, Alberta was interrupted by a delivery driver from the Canadian restaurant chain Pizza 73. Since he had not ordered anything that evening, he initially assumed the visit was some kind of mistake, but an email confirming the transaction soon led to the suspicion that he was the victim of identify theft. The following day, the situation became even stranger when Pizza 73 contacted him about a sizeable order set to be delivered to his job.
More on this very strange story at the Coast to Coast AM website.
|
||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 44
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia
|
en
|
British Columbia
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/125px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_arms_of_British_Columbia.svg/76px-Coat_of_arms_of_British_Columbia.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/British_Columbia_in_Canada_2.svg/300px-British_Columbia_in_Canada_2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BC_Elevation.svg/330px-BC_Elevation.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bcmap.png/220px-Bcmap.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/British_Columbia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-British_Columbia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Strait_of_Georgia.jpg/220px-Strait_of_Georgia.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shuswap_Lake_from_Sorrento%2C_B.C..jpg/220px-Shuswap_Lake_from_Sorrento%2C_B.C..jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vineyards_Lake_Okanagan.jpg/220px-Vineyards_Lake_Okanagan.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Snow_covered_mountains_in_Mount_Robson_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Snow_covered_mountains_in_Mount_Robson_%28Unsplash%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lake_O%27Hara_Yoho_National_Park.jpg/220px-Lake_O%27Hara_Yoho_National_Park.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Awesome_Takakkaw_Falls_IMG_4771.JPG/220px-Awesome_Takakkaw_Falls_IMG_4771.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Along_the_High_note_trail_atop_Whistler_Mtn._%287958950226%29.jpg/220px-Along_the_High_note_trail_atop_Whistler_Mtn._%287958950226%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Dorsal_fin_of_a_Humpback_whale_03.jpg/220px-Dorsal_fin_of_a_Humpback_whale_03.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Namgis_%28Native_American%29._Thunderbird_Transformation_Mask%2C_19th_century.jpg/220px-Namgis_%28Native_American%29._Thunderbird_Transformation_Mask%2C_19th_century.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spanish_fort_San_Miguel_at_Nootka_in_1793.jpg/220px-Spanish_fort_San_Miguel_at_Nootka_in_1793.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kwakiutl_house_pole_InvMH975-123-1.jpg/130px-Kwakiutl_house_pole_InvMH975-123-1.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Edward_Gennys_Fanshawe%2C_Fort_Rupert%2C_Beaver_Harbour%2C_Vancouver%27s_Island%2C_July_23rd_1851_%28Canada%29.jpg/220px-Edward_Gennys_Fanshawe%2C_Fort_Rupert%2C_Beaver_Harbour%2C_Vancouver%27s_Island%2C_July_23rd_1851_%28Canada%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cuyp%2C_Aelbert_-_Cattle_near_the_Maas%2C_with_Dordrecht_in_the_distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Cuyp%2C_Aelbert_-_Cattle_near_the_Maas%2C_with_Dordrecht_in_the_distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_1864.jpg/220px-Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_1864.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg/220px-LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Craigellachie_%28Gedenkstein%29.jpg/220px-Craigellachie_%28Gedenkstein%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Vancouver_2010_Public_Caldron.jpg/220px-Vancouver_2010_Public_Caldron.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BC_Population_Density_2021.svg/330px-BC_Population_Density_2021.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Concord_Pacific_Master_Plan_Area.jpg/220px-Concord_Pacific_Master_Plan_Area.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vancouver_Welcome_Sign_0139.jpg/220px-Vancouver_Welcome_Sign_0139.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Canada_Place_with_Downtown_Vancouver%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada_Masson.jpg/220px-Canada_Place_with_Downtown_Vancouver%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada_Masson.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Telus_Garden_Entrance_201807.jpg/220px-Telus_Garden_Entrance_201807.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_Pano_-_HDR.jpg/660px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_Pano_-_HDR.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Janet_Austin_Escutcheon.png/170px-Janet_Austin_Escutcheon.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Eby_-_2022_%2852507022370%29_%28cropped%29.png/150px-David_Eby_-_2022_%2852507022370%29_%28cropped%29.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BC-Legislative-Assembly-Chamber.jpg/220px-BC-Legislative-Assembly-Chamber.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Dogwood_Blooms_%283629970675%29.jpg/220px-Dogwood_Blooms_%283629970675%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Alex_Fraser_Bridge_from_below.jpg/220px-Alex_Fraser_Bridge_from_below.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Highway_1%2C_Burnaby.jpg/220px-Highway_1%2C_Burnaby.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mark_III_SkyTrain_near_Nanaimo_station.jpg/220px-Mark_III_SkyTrain_near_Nanaimo_station.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flyer_trolleybuses_on_the_Granville_Mall_in_2019.jpg/220px-Flyer_trolleybuses_on_the_Granville_Mall_in_2019.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/BSicon_nCONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_nCONTg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BSicon_KINTa.svg/20px-BSicon_KINTa.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ferry_symbol.svg/15px-Ferry_symbol.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ferry_symbol.svg/15px-Ferry_symbol.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BSicon_nHST.svg/20px-BSicon_nHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BSicon_nHST.svg/20px-BSicon_nHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BSicon_nHST.svg/20px-BSicon_nHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BSicon_nCONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_nCONTf.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/14px-Bus-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BSicon_pHST.svg/20px-BSicon_pHST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BSicon_ABZl%2Bl.svg/20px-BSicon_ABZl%2Bl.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/BSicon_CONTfq.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTfq.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BSicon_KBHFa_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_KBHFa_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/BSicon_HST_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BSicon_tKHSTa_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_tKHSTa_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/BSicon_KHSTe_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_KHSTe_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BSicon_lHST_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_lHST_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BSicon_tKSTRe_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_tKSTRe_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BSicon_KRWlr.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWlr.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSicon_KRW%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Br.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BSicon_HSTg.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BSicon_HSTf.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTf.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BSicon_HSTg.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BSicon_HSTf.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTf.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BSicon_HSTg.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BSicon_HSTf.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTf.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BSicon_STRg.svg/20px-BSicon_STRg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BSicon_HSTf.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTf.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/BSicon_xABZgl.svg/20px-BSicon_xABZgl.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BSicon_HSTgq.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTgq.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/BSicon_ABZg%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_ABZg%2Br.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BC-transit-wayfinder.svg/20px-BC-transit-wayfinder.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSicon_KBHFa_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_KBHFa_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BSicon_exSTR.svg/20px-BSicon_exSTR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_HST_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_HST_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_HST_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_HST_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_HST_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Translinkmillennium.svg/16px-Translinkmillennium.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BSicon_INT_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_INT_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Translinkmillennium.svg/16px-Translinkmillennium.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BSicon_INT_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_INT_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BSicon_KINTe_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_KINTe_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BSicon_KINTaq.svg/20px-BSicon_KINTaq.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_STRr.svg/20px-BSicon_STRr.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/BSicon_STR%2Br_denim.svg/20px-BSicon_STR%2Br_denim.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Translinkexpo.svg/16px-Translinkexpo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Translinkcanada.svg/16px-Translinkcanada.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Translinkseabus.svg/16px-Translinkseabus.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Aiga_heliport.svg/16px-Aiga_heliport.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Airplane_GA_Black.svg/16px-Airplane_GA_Black.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BSicon_STR_denim.svg/20px-BSicon_STR_denim.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Translinkbuses.svg/16px-Translinkbuses.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Translinkexpo.svg/16px-Translinkexpo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Greyhound_no_dog.svg/18px-Greyhound_no_dog.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/BSicon_LOGO_Amtrak2.svg/20px-BSicon_LOGO_Amtrak2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BSicon_CONTf_denim.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf_denim.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BSicon_STRq_denim.svg/20px-BSicon_STRq_denim.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_STRq_violet.svg/20px-BSicon_STRq_violet.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/BSicon_STRq_saffron.svg/20px-BSicon_STRq_saffron.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/BSicon_nSTRq.svg/20px-BSicon_nSTRq.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BSicon_STRq.svg/20px-BSicon_STRq.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Eastbound_over_SCB.jpg/170px-Eastbound_over_SCB.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Spirit_of_Vancouver_Island.jpg/220px-Spirit_of_Vancouver_Island.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emily_Carr_-_Indian_Church.jpg/150px-Emily_Carr_-_Indian_Church.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/VSO_Group_Portrait.jpg/220px-VSO_Group_Portrait.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BC_Roll.jpg/220px-BC_Roll.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nanaimo_bar_detail.jpg/220px-Nanaimo_bar_detail.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Whistler_ice_sailor.jpg/220px-Whistler_ice_sailor.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Holland_Point_Shoreline_Trail%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada_05.jpg/220px-Holland_Point_Shoreline_Trail%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada_05.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hatley_Castle_BC.jpg/220px-Hatley_Castle_BC.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/SFU_Aerial.jpg/220px-SFU_Aerial.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Quest_University_Canada_Aerial_View.jpg/170px-Quest_University_Canada_Aerial_View.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/64px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2001-09-22T02:32:57+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia
|
Province of Canada
Province in Canada
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC; French: Colombie-Britannique) is the only province in Canada which lies along the country's west coast. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, forests, lakes, mountains, inland deserts and grassy plains.[9] British Columbia borders the province of Alberta to the east; the territories of Yukon and Northwest Territories to the north; the U.S. states of Washington, Idaho and Montana to the south, and Alaska to the northwest. With an estimated population of over 5.6 million as of 2024, it is Canada's third-most populous province. The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, while the province's largest city is Vancouver. Vancouver and its suburbs together make up the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, with the 2021 census recording 2.6 million people in Metro Vancouver.[10] British Columbia is Canada's third-largest province in terms of total area, after Quebec and Ontario.[11]
The first known human inhabitants of the area settled in British Columbia at least 10,000 years ago. Such groups include the Coast Salish, Tsilhqotʼin, and Haida peoples, among many others. One of the earliest British settlements in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the city of Victoria, the capital of the Colony of Vancouver Island. The Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) was subsequently founded by Richard Clement Moody,[12] and by the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Moody selected the site for and founded the mainland colony's capital New Westminster.[13][14][15] The colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia were incorporated in 1866, subsequent to which Victoria became the united colony's capital. In 1871, British Columbia entered Confederation as the sixth province of Canada, in enactment of the British Columbia Terms of Union.
British Columbia is a diverse and cosmopolitan province, drawing on a plethora of cultural influences from its British Canadian, European, and Asian diasporas, as well as the Indigenous population. Though the province's ethnic majority originates from the British Isles, many British Columbians also trace their ancestors to continental Europe, East Asia, and South Asia.[16] Indigenous Canadians constitute about 6 percent of the province's total population.[17] Christianity is the largest religion in the region, though the majority of the population is non-religious.[18][19] English is the common language of the province, although Punjabi, Mandarin Chinese, and Cantonese also have a large presence in the Metro Vancouver region. The Franco-Columbian community is an officially recognized linguistic minority, and around one percent of British Columbians claim French as their mother tongue.[20] British Columbia is home to at least 34 distinct Indigenous languages.[21]
Major sectors of British Columbia's economy include forestry, mining, filmmaking and video production, tourism, real estate, construction, wholesale, and retail. Its main exports include lumber and timber, pulp and paper products, copper, coal, and natural gas.[22] British Columbia exhibits high property values and is a significant centre for maritime trade:[23] the Port of Vancouver is the largest port in Canada and the most diversified port in North America.[24] Although less than 5 percent of the province's territory is arable land, significant agriculture exists in the Fraser Valley and Okanagan due to the warmer climate.[25] British Columbia is home to 45% of all publicly listed companies in Canada.[26]
Origin of the name
[edit]
The province's name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866), i.e., "the Mainland", became a British colony in 1858.[27] It refers to the Columbia District, the British name for the territory drained by the Columbia River, in southeastern British Columbia, which was the namesake of the pre-Oregon Treaty Columbia Department of the Hudson's Bay Company. Queen Victoria chose British Columbia to distinguish what was the British sector of the Columbia District from the United States' ("American Columbia" or "Southern Columbia"), which became the Oregon Territory on August 8, 1848, as a result of the treaty.[28]
Ultimately, the Columbia in the name British Columbia is derived from the name of the Columbia Rediviva, an American ship which lent its name to the Columbia River and later the wider region;[29] the Columbia in the name Columbia Rediviva came from the name Columbia for the New World or parts thereof, a reference to Christopher Columbus.
The governments of Canada and British Columbia recognize Colombie-Britannique as the French name for the province.[30][31]
Geography
[edit]
Main article: Geography of British Columbia
British Columbia is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean and the American state of Alaska, to the north by Yukon and the Northwest Territories, to the east by the province of Alberta, and to the south by the American states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. The southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, although its history is tied with lands as far south as California. British Columbia's land area is 944,735 square kilometres (364,800 sq mi). British Columbia's rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres (17,000 mi), and includes deep, mountainous fjords and about 6,000 islands, most of which are uninhabited. It is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean.
British Columbia's capital is Victoria, located at the southeastern tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of Vancouver Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated. Much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by temperate rainforest.
The province's most populous city is Vancouver, which is at the confluence of the Fraser River and Georgia Strait, in the mainland's southwest corner (an area often called the Lower Mainland). By land area, Abbotsford is the largest city. Vanderhoof is near the geographic centre of the province.[32]
The Coast Mountains and the Inside Passage's many inlets provide some of British Columbia's renowned and spectacular scenery, which forms the backdrop and context for a growing outdoor adventure and ecotourism industry. 75 percent of the province is mountainous (more than 1,000 m [3,300 ft] above sea level); 60 percent is forested; and only about 5 percent is arable.
The province's mainland away from the coastal regions is somewhat moderated by the Pacific Ocean. Terrain ranges from dry inland forests and semi-arid valleys, to the range and canyon districts of the Central and Southern Interior, to boreal forest and subarctic prairie in the Northern Interior. High mountain regions both north and south have subalpine flora[33] and subalpine climate.
The Okanagan wine area, extending from Vernon to Osoyoos at the United States border, is one of several wine and cider-producing regions in Canada. Other wine regions in British Columbia include the Cowichan Valley on Vancouver Island and the Fraser Valley.
The Southern Interior cities of Kamloops and Penticton have some of the warmest and longest summer climates in Canada (while higher elevations are cold and snowy), although their temperatures are often exceeded north of the Fraser Canyon, close to the confluence of the Fraser and Thompson rivers, where the terrain is rugged and covered with desert-type flora. Semi-desert grassland is found in large areas of the Interior Plateau, with land uses ranging from ranching at lower altitudes to forestry at higher ones.
The northern, mostly mountainous, two-thirds of the province is largely unpopulated and undeveloped, except for the area east of the Rockies, where the Peace River Country contains BC's portion of the Canadian Prairies, centred at the city of Dawson Creek.
British Columbia is considered part of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the American states of Alaska, Idaho, (western) Montana, Oregon, Washington, and (northern) California.[34][35]
Climate
[edit]
Because of the many mountain ranges and rugged coastline, British Columbia's climate varies dramatically across the province.
Coastal southern British Columbia has a mild and rainy climate influenced by the North Pacific Current. Most of the region is classified as oceanic, though pockets of warm-summer Mediterranean climate also exist in the far-southern parts of the coast. Precipitation averages above 1,000 mm (39 in) in almost all of the coastal region, and Hucuktlis Lake on Vancouver Island receives an average of 6,903 mm (271.8 in) of rain annually.
Due to the blocking presence of successive mountain ranges, the climate of some of the interior valleys of the province (such as the Thompson, parts of the Fraser Canyon, the southern Cariboo and parts of the Okanagan) is semi-arid with certain locations receiving less than 250 millimetres (10 in) in annual precipitation. The annual mean temperature in the most populated areas of the province is up to 12 °C (54 °F), the mildest anywhere in Canada.
The valleys of the Southern Interior have short winters with only brief bouts of cold or infrequent heavy snow, while those in the Cariboo, in the Central Interior, are colder because of increased altitude and latitude, but without the intensity or duration experienced at similar latitudes elsewhere in Canada. Outside of the driest valleys, the Southern and Central Interior generally have a humid continental climate with widely variable precipitation. For example, the average daily low in Prince George (roughly in the middle of the province) in January is −12 °C (10 °F).[36] Small towns in the southern interior with high elevation such as Princeton are typically colder and snowier than cities in the valleys.[37]
Heavy snowfall occurs in all elevated mountainous terrain providing bases for skiers in both south and central British Columbia. Annual snowfall on highway mountain passes in the southern interior rivals some of the snowiest cities in Canada,[38] and freezing rain and fog are sometimes present on such roads as well.[39] This can result in hazardous driving conditions, as people are usually travelling between warmer areas such as Vancouver or Kamloops, and may be unaware that the conditions may be slippery and cold.[40]
Winters are generally severe in the Northern Interior which is generally in the subarctic climate zone, but even there, milder air can penetrate far inland. The coldest temperature in British Columbia was recorded in Smith River, where it dropped to −58.9 °C (−74.0 °F) on January 31, 1947,[41] one of the coldest readings recorded anywhere in North America. Atlin in the province's far northwest, along with the adjoining Southern Lakes region of Yukon, get midwinter thaws caused by the Chinook effect, which is also common (and much warmer) in more southerly parts of the Interior.
During winter on the coast, rainfall, sometimes relentless heavy rain, dominates because of consistent barrages of cyclonic low-pressure systems from the North Pacific. Average snowfall on the coast during a normal winter is between 25 and 50 centimetres (10 and 20 in), but on occasion (and not every winter) heavy snowfalls with more than 20 centimetres (8 in) and well below freezing temperatures arrive when modified arctic air reaches coastal areas, typically for short periods, and can take temperatures below −10 °C (14 °F), even at sea level. Arctic outflow winds can occasionally result in wind chill temperatures at or even below −17.8 °C (0.0 °F).[citation needed] While winters are very wet, coastal areas are generally milder and dry during summer under the influence of stable anti-cyclonic high pressure.
Southern Interior valleys are hot in summer; for example, in Osoyoos, the July maximum temperature averages 31.7 °C (89.1 °F), making it the hottest month of any location in Canada; this hot weather sometimes spreads towards the coast or to the far north of the province. Temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in the lower elevations of valleys in the Interior during mid-summer, with the record high of 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) being held in Lytton on June 29, 2021, during a record-breaking heat wave that year.[42]
The extended summer dryness often creates conditions that spark forest fires, from dry-lightning or man-made causes. Many areas of the province are often covered by a blanket of heavy cloud and low fog during the winter months, in contrast to abundant summer sunshine. Annual sunshine hours vary from 2200 near Cranbrook and Victoria to less than 1300 in Prince Rupert, on the North Coast just south of Southeast Alaska.
The exception to British Columbia's wet and cloudy winters is during the El Niño phase. During El Niño events, the jet stream is much farther south across North America, making the province's winters milder and drier than normal. Winters are much wetter and cooler during the opposite phase, La Niña.
Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in British Columbia[43] Municipality January April July October Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Prince Rupert 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) 4.9 °C (40.8 °F) Tofino 8.3 °C (46.9 °F) 2.3 °C (36.1 °F) 11.9 °C (53.4 °F) 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) 13.6 °C (56.5 °F) 6.3 °C (43.3 °F) Nanaimo 6.9 °C (44.4 °F) 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) 3.9 °C (39.0 °F) 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) 12.3 °C (54.1 °F) 14.6 °C (58.3 °F) 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) Victoria 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) 13.6 °C (56.5 °F) 4.3 °C (39.7 °F) 22.4 °C (72.3 °F) 11.3 °C (52.3 °F) 14.2 °C (57.6 °F) 5.7 °C (42.3 °F) Vancouver 6.9 °C (44.4 °F) 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) 22.2 °C (72.0 °F) 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) 13.5 °C (56.3 °F) 7.0 °C (44.6 °F) Chilliwack 6.1 °C (43.0 °F) 0.4 °C (32.7 °F) 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) 15.3 °C (59.5 °F) 6.4 °C (43.5 °F) Penticton 1.8 °C (35.2 °F) −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) 15.7 °C (60.3 °F) 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) 14.3 °C (57.7 °F) 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) Kamloops 0.4 °C (32.7 °F) −5.9 °C (21.4 °F) 16.6 °C (61.9 °F) 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) 14.2 °C (57.6 °F) 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) Osoyoos 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) −3.8 °C (25.2 °F) 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) 3.6 °C (38.5 °F) 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) 14.3 °C (57.7 °F) 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) 3.5 °C (38.3 °F) Princeton −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) −8.6 °C (16.5 °F) 14.4 °C (57.9 °F) −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) 0.3 °C (32.5 °F) Cranbrook −1.9 °C (28.6 °F) −10.2 °C (13.6 °F) 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) 0.3 °C (32.5 °F) 26.2 °C (79.2 °F) 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) 11.7 °C (53.1 °F) −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) Prince George −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) −1.1 °C (30.0 °F) 22.4 °C (72.3 °F) 9.1 °C (48.4 °F) 9.4 °C (48.9 °F) −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) Fort Nelson −16.1 °C (3.0 °F) −24.6 °C (−12.3 °F) 9.6 °C (49.3 °F) −3.6 °C (25.5 °F) 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) 10.9 °C (51.6 °F) 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) −4.2 °C (24.4 °F)
Parks and protected areas
[edit]
There are 14 designations of parks and protected areas in the province that reflect the different administration and creation of these areas in a modern context. There are 141 ecological reserves, 35 provincial marine parks, 7 provincial heritage sites, 6 National Historic Sites of Canada, 4 national parks and 3 national park reserves. 12.5 percent of the province's area (114,000 km2 or 44,000 sq mi) is considered protected under one of the 14 different designations that includes over 800 distinct areas.
British Columbia contains seven of Canada's national parks and National Park Reserves:
Glacier National Park
Gulf Islands National Park Reserve
Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
Kootenay National Park
Mount Revelstoke National Park
Pacific Rim National Park Reserve
Yoho National Park
British Columbia contains a large number of provincial parks, run by BC Parks under the aegis of the Ministry of Environment. British Columbia's provincial parks system is the second largest parks system in Canada, the largest being Canada's National Parks system.
Another tier of parks in British Columbia are regional parks, which are maintained and run by the province's regional districts. The Ministry of Forests operates forest recreation sites.
In addition to these areas, over 47,000 square kilometres (18,000 sq mi) of arable land are protected by the Agricultural Land Reserve.
Fauna
[edit]
Much of the province is undeveloped, so populations of many mammalian species that have become rare in much of the United States still flourish in British Columbia.[44] Watching animals of various sorts, including a very wide range of birds, has long been popular. Bears (grizzly, black—including the Kermode bear or spirit bear) live here, as do deer, elk, moose, caribou, big-horn sheep, mountain goats, marmots, beavers, muskrats, coyotes, wolves, mustelids (such as wolverines, badgers and fishers), cougars, eagles, ospreys, herons, Canada geese, swans, loons, hawks, owls, ravens, harlequin ducks, and many other sorts of ducks. Smaller birds (robins, jays, grosbeaks, chickadees, and so on) also abound.[45] Murrelets are known from Frederick Island, a small island off the coast of Haida Gwaii.[46]
Many healthy populations of fish are present, including salmonids such as several species of salmon, trout, steelhead, and char. Besides salmon and trout, sport-fishers in BC also catch halibut, bass, and sturgeon. On the coast, harbour seals and river otters are common.[47] Cetacean species native to the coast include the orca, humpback whale, grey whale, harbour porpoise, Dall's porpoise, Pacific white-sided dolphin and minke whale.
Some endangered species in British Columbia are: Vancouver Island marmot, spotted owl, American white pelican, and badgers.
Endangered species in British Columbia[48] Type of organism Red-listed species in BC Total number of species in BC Freshwater fish 24 80 Amphibians 5 19 Reptiles 6 16 Birds 34 465 Terrestrial mammals (Requires new data) (Requires new data) Marine mammals 3 29 Plants 257 2333 Butterflies 19 187 Dragonflies 9 87
Forests
[edit]
White spruce or Engelmann spruce and their hybrids occur in 12 of the 14 biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia.[49] Common types of trees present in BC's forests include western redcedar, yellow-cedar, Rocky Mountain juniper, lodgepole pine, ponderosa or yellow pine, whitebark pine, limber pine, western white pine, western larch, tamarack, alpine larch, white spruce, Engelmann spruce, Sitka spruce, black spruce, grand fir, Amabilis fir, subalpine fir, western hemlock, mountain hemlock, Douglas-fir, western yew, Pacific dogwood, bigleaf maple, Douglas maple, vine maple, arbutus, black hawthorn, cascara, Garry oak, Pacific crab apple, choke cherry, pin cherry, bitter cherry, red alder, mountain alder, paper birch, water birch, black cottonwood, balsam poplar, trembling aspen.
Traditional plant foods
[edit]
First Nations peoples of British Columbia used plants for food, and to produce material goods like fuel and building products. Plant foods included berries, and roots like camas.[50]
Ecozones
[edit]
Environment Canada subdivides British Columbia into six ecozones:
Pacific Marine
Pacific Maritime
Boreal Cordillera
Montane Cordillera
Taiga Plains
Boreal Plains Ecozones.
History
[edit]
Main article: History of British Columbia
Indigenous societies
[edit]
The area now known as British Columbia is home to First Nations groups that have a deep history with a significant number of indigenous languages. There are more than 200 First Nations in BC. Prior to contact (with non-Aboriginal people), human history is known from oral histories, archaeological investigations, and from early records from explorers encountering societies early in the period.
The arrival of Paleoindians from Beringia took place between 20,000 and 12,000 years ago.[51] Hunter-gatherer families were the main social structure from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago.[52] The nomadic population lived in non-permanent structures foraging for nuts, berries and edible roots while hunting and trapping larger and small game for food and furs.[52] Around 5,000 years ago individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally. Coast Salish peoples had complex land management practices linked to ecosystem health and resilience. Forest gardens on Canada's northwest coast included crabapple, hazelnut, cranberry, wild plum, and wild cherry species.[53] Thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization with a more sedentary lifestyle.[52] These indigenous populations evolved over the next 5,000 years across a large area into many groups with shared traditions and customs.
To the northwest of the province are the peoples of the Na-Dene languages, which include the Athapaskan-speaking peoples and the Tlingit, who live on the islands of southern Alaska and northern British Columbia. The Na-Dene language group is believed to be linked to the Yeniseian languages of Siberia:[54] the Dene of the western Arctic may represent a distinct wave of migration from Asia to North America.[54] The Interior of British Columbia is home to the Salishan language groups such as the Shuswap (Secwepemc), Okanagan and Athabaskan language groups, primarily the Dakelh (Carrier) and the Tsilhqotʼin.[55] The inlets and valleys of the British Columbia coast shelter large, distinctive populations, such as the Haida, Kwakwakaʼwakw and Nuu-chah-nulth, sustained by the region's abundant salmon and shellfish.[55] These peoples developed complex cultures dependent on the western red cedar that included wooden houses, seagoing whaling and war canoes and elaborately carved potlatch items and totem poles.[55]
Contact with Europeans brought a series of devastating epidemics of diseases the people had no immunity to.[56] The population dramatically collapsed, culminating in the 1862 smallpox outbreak in Victoria that spread throughout the coast. European settlement did not bode well for the remaining native population of British Columbia. Colonial officials deemed colonists could make better use of the land than the First Nations people, and thus the land should be owned by the colonists.[57]: 120 To ensure colonists would be able to settle properly and make use of the land, First Nations were forcibly relocated onto reserves, which were often too small to support their way of life.[57]: 120–121 By the 1930s, British Columbia had over 1500 reserves.[57]: 121
Fur trade and colonial era
[edit]
Main article: Columbia District
See also: Oregon Country and Oregon boundary dispute
Lands now known as British Columbia were added to the British Empire during the 19th century. Colonies originally begun with the support of the Hudson's Bay Company (Vancouver Island, the mainland) were amalgamated, then entered Confederation as British Columbia in 1871 as part of the Dominion of Canada.
During the 1770s, smallpox killed at least 30 percent of the Pacific Northwest First Nations.[58] This devastating epidemic was the first in a series; the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic killed about half to two-thirds of the native population of what became British Columbia.[59][60][61]
The arrival of Europeans began around the mid-18th century, as fur traders entered the area to harvest sea otters. While it is thought Sir Francis Drake may have explored the British Columbian coast in 1579, it was Juan Pérez who completed the first documented voyage, which took place in 1774. Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra explored the coast in 1775. In doing so, Pérez and Quadra reasserted the Spanish claim for the Pacific coast, first made by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513.
The explorations of James Cook in 1778 and George Vancouver in 1792 and 1793 established British jurisdiction over the coastal area north and west of the Columbia River. In 1793, Sir Alexander Mackenzie was the first European to journey across North America overland to the Pacific Ocean, inscribing a stone marking his accomplishment on the shoreline of Dean Channel near Bella Coola. His expedition theoretically established British sovereignty inland, and a succession of other fur company explorers charted the maze of rivers and mountain ranges between the Canadian Prairies and the Pacific. Mackenzie and other explorers—notably John Finlay, Simon Fraser, Samuel Black, and David Thompson—were primarily concerned with extending the fur trade, rather than political considerations.[citation needed] In 1794, by the third of a series of agreements known as the Nootka Conventions, Spain conceded its claims of exclusivity in the Pacific. This opened the way for formal claims and colonization by other powers, including Britain, but because of the Napoleonic Wars, there was little British action on its claims in the region until later.
The establishment of trading posts by the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), effectively established a permanent British presence in the region. The Columbia District was broadly defined as being south of 54°40 north latitude, (the southern limit of Russian America), north of Mexican-controlled California, and west of the Rocky Mountains. It was, by the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, under the "joint occupancy and use" of citizens of the United States and subjects of Britain (which is to say, the fur companies).[citation needed] This co-occupancy was ended with the Oregon Treaty of 1846.
The major supply route was the York Factory Express between Hudson Bay and Fort Vancouver. Some of the early outposts grew into settlements, communities, and cities. Among the places in British Columbia that began as fur trading posts are Fort St. John (established 1794); Hudson's Hope (1805); Fort Nelson (1805); Fort St. James (1806); Prince George (1807); Kamloops (1812); Fort Langley (1827); Fort Victoria (1843); Yale (1848); and Nanaimo (1853). Fur company posts that became cities in what is now the United States include Vancouver, Washington (Fort Vancouver), formerly the "capital" of Hudson's Bay operations in the Columbia District, Colville, Washington and Walla Walla, Washington (old Fort Nez Percés).
With the amalgamation of the two fur trading companies in 1821, modern-day British Columbia existed in three fur trading departments. The bulk of the central and northern interior was organized into the New Caledonia district, administered from Fort St. James. The interior south of the Thompson River watershed and north of the Columbia was organized into the Columbia District, administered from Fort Vancouver on the lower Columbia River. The northeast corner of the province east of the Rockies, known as the Peace River Block, was attached to the much larger Athabasca District, headquartered in Fort Chipewyan, in present-day Alberta.
Until 1849, these districts were a wholly unorganized area of British North America under the de facto jurisdiction of HBC administrators; however, unlike Rupert's Land to the north and east, the territory was not a concession to the company. Rather, it was simply granted a monopoly to trade with the First Nations inhabitants. All that was changed with the westward extension of American exploration and the concomitant overlapping claims of territorial sovereignty, especially in the southern Columbia Basin (within present day Washington and Oregon). In 1846, the Oregon Treaty divided the territory along the 49th parallel to the Strait of Georgia, with the area south of this boundary (excluding Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands) transferred to sole American sovereignty. The Colony of Vancouver Island was created in 1849, with Victoria designated as the capital. New Caledonia, as the whole of the mainland rather than just its north-central Interior came to be called, continued to be an unorganized territory of British North America, "administered" by individual HBC trading post managers.
Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)
[edit]
With the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in 1858, an influx of Americans into New Caledonia prompted the colonial office to designate the mainland as the Colony of British Columbia. When news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush reached London, Richard Clement Moody was hand-picked by the Colonial Office, under Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, to establish British order and to transform the newly established Colony of British Columbia into the British Empire's "bulwark in the farthest west"[62] and "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific". Lytton desired to send to the colony "representatives of the best of British culture, not just a police force": he sought men who possessed "courtesy, high breeding and urbane knowledge of the world"[64]: 13 and he decided to send Moody, whom the government considered to be the "English gentleman and British Officer"[64]: 19 to lead the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment.
Moody and his family arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, commanding the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment.[12] He was sworn in as the first lieutenant governor of British Columbia and appointed Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia. On the advice of Lytton, Moody hired Robert Burnaby as his personal secretary.
In British Columbia, Moody "wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness" and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, "styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the crown and of the robe".[64]: 26 Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland. He selected the site and founded the new capital, New Westminster. He selected the site due to the strategic excellence of its position and the quality of its port.[64]: 26 He was also struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood,
The entrance to the Frazer is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr the Background of Superb Mountains-- Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. ... My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. ... The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.[65]
Lord Lytton "forgot the practicalities of paying for clearing and developing the site and the town" and the efforts of Moody's engineers were continuously hampered by insufficient funds, which, together with the continuous opposition of Governor James Douglas, whom Sir Thomas Frederick Elliot (1808 - 1880) described as 'like any other fraud',[67] 'made it impossible for [Moody's] design to be fulfilled'.[68][69][64]: 27
Moody and the Royal Engineers also built an extensive road network, including what would become Kingsway, connecting New Westminster to False Creek, the North Road between Port Moody and New Westminster, and the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park.[70] He named Burnaby Lake after his private secretary Robert Burnaby and named Port Coquitlam's 400-foot "Mary Hill" after his wife. As part of the surveying effort, several tracts were designated "government reserves", which included Stanley Park as a military reserve (a strategic location in case of an American invasion). The Pre-emption Act did not specify conditions for distributing the land, so large parcels were snapped up by speculators, including 1,518 hectares (3,750 acres) by Moody himself. For this he was criticized by local newspapermen for land grabbing. Moody designed the first coat of arms of British Columbia. Port Moody is named after him. It was established at the end of a trail that connected New Westminster with Burrard Inlet to defend New Westminster from potential attack from the US.
By 1862, the Cariboo Gold Rush, attracting an additional 5000 miners, was underway, and Douglas hastened construction of the Great North Road (commonly known now as the Cariboo Wagon Road) up the Fraser Canyon to the prospecting region around Barkerville. By the time of this gold rush, the character of the colony was changing, as a more stable population of British colonists settled in the region, establishing businesses, opening sawmills, and engaging in fishing and agriculture. With this increased stability, objections to the colony's absentee governor and the lack of responsible government began to be vocalized, led by the influential editor of the New Westminster British Columbian and future premier, John Robson. A series of petitions requesting an assembly were ignored by Douglas and the colonial office until Douglas was eased out of office in 1864. Finally, the colony would have both an assembly and a resident governor.
Later gold rushes
[edit]
A series of gold rushes in various parts of the province followed, the largest being the Cariboo Gold Rush in 1862, forcing the colonial administration into deeper debt as it struggled to meet the extensive infrastructure needs of far-flung boom communities like Barkerville and Lillooet, which sprang up overnight. The Vancouver Island colony was facing financial crises of its own, and pressure to merge the two eventually succeeded in 1866, when the colony of British Columbia was amalgamated with the Colony of Vancouver Island to form the Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871), which was, in turn, succeeded by the present day province of British Columbia following the Canadian Confederation of 1871.
Rapid growth and development (1860s to 1910s)
[edit]
The Confederation League led the chorus pressing for the colony to join Canada, which had been created out of three British North American colonies in 1867 (the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick). With the agreement by the Canadian government to extend the Canadian Pacific Railway to British Columbia and assume the colony's debt, British Columbia became the sixth province to join Confederation on July 20, 1871. The Treaty of Washington sent the Pig War San Juan Islands Border dispute to arbitration in 1871 and in 1903, the province's territory shrank again after the Alaska boundary dispute settled the vague boundary of the Alaska Panhandle.
Population in British Columbia continued to expand as the mining, forestry, agriculture, and fishing sectors were developed. Mining activity was notable throughout the Mainland, that a common epithet it, even after provincehood, was "the Gold Colony".[71] Agriculture attracted settlers to the fertile Fraser Valley. Cattle ranchers and later fruit growers came to the drier grasslands of the Thompson Rivers, the Cariboo, the Chilcotin, and the Okanagan. Forestry drew workers to the temperate rainforests of the coast, which was also the locus of a growing fishery.
The completion of the railway in 1885 contributed to the economy, facilitating the transportation of the region's considerable resources to the east. The milltown of Granville, also known as Gastown was selected as the terminus. This prompted the incorporation of the city of Vancouver in 1886. The completion of the Port of Vancouver spurred rapid growth, and in less than fifty years the city surpassed Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the largest in Western Canada. The early decades of the province were ones in which issues of land use—specifically, its settlement and development—were paramount. This included expropriation from First Nations people of their land, control over its resources, as well as the ability to trade in some resources, such as fishing.
Establishing a labour force to develop the province was problematic, and British Columbia was a destination of immigration from Europe, China, Japan and India. The influx of a non-European population stimulated resentment from the dominant ethnic groups, resulting in agitation and an attempt to restrict the ability of Asian people to immigrate to British Columbia through the imposition of the Chinese head tax.[72] This resentment culminated in mob attacks against Chinese and Japanese immigrants in Vancouver in 1887 and 1907.
20th century
[edit]
In World War I, the province responded strongly to the call to assist the British Empire against its German foes in French and Belgian battlefields. About 55,570 of the province's 400,000 residents, the highest per-capita rate in Canada, responded to the military's need. About 6,225 men from the province died in combat.[73]
In 1914, a second transcontinental rail line, the Grand Trunk Pacific, was completed. This opened up the North Coast and Bulkley Valley region to new economic opportunities. What had previously been an almost exclusively fur-trading and subsistence economy soon became an area for forestry, farming, and mining. This sector attracted workers from Asia and Europe, leading to a diverse but conflict-ridden society. The early 20th century saw significant interaction between immigrants, First Nations, and economic forces. There was a rise in the labour movement, marked by strikes and conflicts such as the 1935 docker's strike at Ballantyne Pier and the On-to-Ottawa Trek. These events underscored tensions between workers and big business, often mediated by the Communist Party. Racial and ethnic relations were strained, with legislation reflecting the era's racial prejudices, notably against Asian immigrants and First Nations. The early and mid-20th century was marred by incidents like the Komagata Maru incident, highlighting anti-Asian sentiment.
The interwar period and World War II introduced significant changes, including prohibition and its eventual repeal, and the internment of Japanese Canadians. The post-war era saw coalition governments and a booming economy, spearheaded by infrastructure projects and industrial expansion. The Social Credit Party, under W.A.C. Bennett, dominated BC politics, initiating major projects and laying the groundwork for future economic growth. The 1970s and 1980s brought economic challenges and political shifts, culminating in the Expo 86 world's fair and the end of Social Credit dominance. This period also saw significant social movements, such as Operation Solidarity. There was a transition to New Democratic Party governance in the 1990s, focusing on environmental conservation and economic struggles. In its second term especially, the NDP government faced political scandals, such as the fast ferry scandal, that ultimately contributed to its downfall.
21st century
[edit]
In the 2001 provincial election, Gordon Campbell's Liberals defeated the NDP, gaining 77 out of 79 total seats in the provincial legislature. Campbell instituted reforms and removed some of the NDP's policies, along with selling off the previous government's "fast ferries", lowering income taxes, and instituting the controversial long-term lease of BC Rail to Canadian National Railway. Campbell led his party to victory in the 2005 provincial election against a substantially strengthened NDP opposition and won a third term in the 2009 provincial election.
The province won a bid to host the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler. In 2003, Vancouver's residents had voted in a referendum accepting the responsibilities of the host city should it win its bid. 64 percent of residents voted in favour of hosting.[74] After the Olympic joy faded, Campbell's popularity fell. His management style, implementation of the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) despite election promises not to introduce it, and cancellation of the BC Rail corruption trial[disputed – discuss] led to low approval ratings and loss of caucus support: he resigned in November 2010.[75] In early 2011, former deputy premier Christy Clark became leader of the Liberals. Early Clark government actions included raising the minimum wage, creating a new statutory holiday in February called "Family Day", and pushing the development of BC's liquefied natural gas industry. In the lead-up to the 2013 election, the Liberals lagged behind the NDP by a double-digit gap in the polls but were able to achieve a surprise victory, winning a majority and making Clark the first woman to lead a party to victory in BC.[76] Her government went on to balance the budget, implement changes to liquor laws and continue with the question of the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines. In the 2017 election, the NDP formed a minority government with the support of the Green Party through a confidence and supply agreement. In July 2017, NDP leader John Horgan was sworn in as a premier. Clark resigned and Andrew Wilkinson became leader of the BC Liberals. In the 2020 British Columbia general election, the NDP won 57 seats and formed a majority government. Wilkinson resigned as the leader of the BC Liberals.
British Columbia has been significantly affected by demographic changes within Canada and around the world. Vancouver was a major destination for many immigrants from Hong Kong who left the former UK colony prior to its handover to China. Trends of urbanization mean the Greater Vancouver area now includes 51 percent of the province's population, followed by Greater Victoria with 8 percent. These two metropolitan regions have dominated the demographics of BC.
By 2018, housing prices in Vancouver were the second-least affordable in the world.[77] Many experts point to evidence of money-laundering from China as a contributing factor. The high price of residential real estate has led to the implementation of an empty homes tax, a housing speculation and vacancy tax, and a foreign buyers' tax on housing.[78] The net number of people coming to BC from other provinces in 2016 was almost four times larger than in 2012 and BC was the largest net recipient of interprovincial migrants in Canada.[79] In 2023, British Columbia experienced a net population loss of 8,624; a substantial percentage of which were people who moved to Alberta.[80]
By 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic had had a major effect on the province,[81] with over 2,000 deaths and 250,000 confirmed cases. However, the COVID-19 vaccine reduced the spread, with 78 percent of people in BC over the age of five having been fully vaccinated. The unmarked gravesites of hundreds of Indigenous children were discovered at three former Indian residential schools (Kamloops, St. Eugene's Mission, Kuper Island).[82][83]
Demographics
[edit]
Main article: Demographics of British Columbia
Population
[edit]
Statistics Canada's 2021 Canadian census recorded a population of 5,000,879 — making British Columbia Canada's third-most populous province after Ontario and Quebec.[5][84]
[85][86]
Cities
[edit]
Half of all British Columbians live in the Metro Vancouver Regional District, which includes Vancouver, Surrey, Burnaby, Richmond, Coquitlam, Langley (district municipality), Delta, North Vancouver (district municipality), Maple Ridge, New Westminster, Port Coquitlam, North Vancouver (city), West Vancouver, Port Moody, Langley (city), White Rock, Pitt Meadows, Bowen Island, Anmore, Lions Bay, and Belcarra, with adjacent unincorporated areas (including the University Endowment Lands) represented in the regional district as the electoral area known as Greater Vancouver Electoral Area A. The metropolitan area has seventeen Indian reserves, but they are outside of the regional district's jurisdiction and are not represented in its government.
The second largest concentration of British Columbia population is at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, which is made up of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria, Victoria, Saanich, Esquimalt, Oak Bay, View Royal, Highlands, Colwood, Langford, Central Saanich/Saanichton, North Saanich, Sidney, Metchosin, Sooke, which are part of the Capital Regional District. The metropolitan area also includes several Indian reserves (the governments of which are not part of the regional district). Almost half of the Vancouver Island population is in Greater Victoria.
Cultural origins
[edit]
British Columbia is the most diverse province in Canada; as of 2021, the province had the highest proportion of visible minorities in the country. The five largest pan-ethnic groups in the province are Europeans (60 percent), East Asians (14 percent), South Asians (10 percent), Indigenous (6 percent) and Southeast Asians (5 percent).[89]
Top ethnic origins in BC (2016 census)[16][d] # Ethnic origin Population Percent 1 English 1,203,540 26.39% 2 Canadian 866,530 19% 3 Scottish 860,775 18.88% 4 Irish 675,135 14.80% 5 German 603,265 13.23% 6 Chinese 540,155 11.84% 7 French 388,815 8.53% 8 Indian 309,315 6.78% 9 Ukrainian 229,205 5.03% 10 Indigenous Canadian 220,245 4.83%
Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
[edit]
In 2021, 34.4 percent of the population consisted of visible minorities and 5.9 percent of the population was Indigenous, mostly of First Nations and Métis descent.
Visible minority and Indigenous population (2021 Canadian census)[89] Population group Population % European[e] 2,936,245 59.7% Visible minority group
South Asian 473,965 9.6% Chinese 550,590 11.2% Black 61,760 1.3% Filipino 174,280 3.5% Arab 28,010 0.6% Latin American 65,970 1.3% Southeast Asian 71,785 1.5% West Asian 69,270 1.4% Korean 72,815 1.5% Japanese 44,120 0.9% Visible minority, n.i.e. 18,080 0.4% Multiple visible minorities 58,840 1.2% Total visible minority population 1,689,490 34.4% Indigenous group
First Nations (North American Indian) 180,085 3.7% Métis 97,860 2.0% Inuk (Inuit) 1,720 0.0% Multiple Indigenous responses 5,980 0.1% Indigenous responses n.i.e. 4,560 0.1% Total Indigenous population 290,210 5.9% Total population 4,915,945 100.0%
Religion
[edit]
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in British Columbia included:[90]
Irreligion (2,559,250 persons or 52.1%)
Christianity (1,684,870 persons or 34.3%)
Sikhism (290,870 persons or 5.9%)
Islam (125,915 persons or 2.6%)
Buddhism (83,860 persons or 1.7%)
Hinduism (81,320 persons or 1.7%)
Judaism (26,850 persons or 0.5%)
Indigenous spirituality (11,570 persons or 0.2%)
Other (51,440 persons or 1.0%)
Language
[edit]
As of the 2021 Canadian Census, the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (4,753,280 or 96.69%), French (327,350 or 6.66%), Punjabi (315,000 or 6.41%), Mandarin (312,625 or 6.36%), Cantonese (246,045 or 5.01%), Spanish (143,900 or 2.93%), Hindi (134,950 or 2.75%), Tagalog (133,780 or 2.72%), German (84,325 or 1.72%), and Korean (69,935 or 1.42%).[91] The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.
Of the 4,648,055 population counted by the 2016 census, 4,598,415 people completed the section about language. Of these, 4,494,995 gave singular responses to the question regarding their first language. The languages most commonly reported were the following:
Most common reported mother tongue in BC (2016)[20] # Language Population Percent 1 English 3,170,110 70.52% 2 Punjabi 198,805 4.42% 3 Cantonese 193,530 4.31% 4 Mandarin 186,325 4.15% 5 Tagalog (Filipino) 78,770 1.75% 6 German 66,885 1.49% 7 French 55,325 1.23% 8 Korean 52,160 1.17% 9 Spanish 47,010 1.05% 10 Persian 43,470 0.97%
While these languages all reflect the last centuries of colonialism and recent immigration, British Columbia is home to 34 Indigenous languages.[92] They are spoken by about 6000 people in total,[93] with 4000 people fluent in their Indigenous languages. They are members of the province's First Nations. One of the main Indigenous languages in BC is Kwakʼwala, the language of the Kwakwakaʼwakw First Nations.
Economy
[edit]
Main article: Economy of British Columbia
BC's economy is diverse, with service-producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the province's GDP.[94] It is the terminus of two transcontinental railways, and the site of 27 major marine cargo and passenger terminals. Though less than 5 percent of its vast 944,735 square kilometres (364,764 sq mi) land is arable, the province is agriculturally rich (particularly in the Fraser and Okanagan valleys), because of milder weather near the coast and in certain sheltered southern valleys. Its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the province's largest city, serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies. It also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. While the coast of British Columbia and some valleys in the south-central part of the province have mild weather, the majority of its land mass experiences a cold-winter-temperate climate similar to the rest of Canada. The Northern Interior region has a subarctic climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, with nighttime January temperatures averaging above the freezing point.[95]
British Columbia has a history of being a resource dominated economy, centred on the forestry industry but also with fluctuating importance in mining. Employment in the resource sector has fallen steadily as a percentage of employment, and new jobs are mostly in the construction and retail/service sectors. It now has the highest percentage of service industry jobs in the west, constituting 72 percent of industry (compared to 60 percent Western Canadian average).[96] The largest section of this employment is in finance, insurance, real estate and corporate management; however, many areas outside of metropolitan areas are still heavily reliant on resource extraction. With its film industry known as Hollywood North, the Vancouver region is the third-largest feature film production location in North America, after Los Angeles and New York City.[97]
The economic history of British Columbia is replete with tales of dramatic upswings and downswings, and this boom and bust pattern has influenced the politics, culture and business climate of the province. Economic activity related to mining in particular has widely fluctuated with changes in commodity prices over time, with documented costs to community health.[98]
In 2020, British Columbia had the third-largest GDP in Canada, with a GDP of $309 billion and a GDP per capita of $60,090.[99][100] British Columbia's debt-to-GDP ratio is edging up to 15.0 percent in fiscal year 2019–20, and it is expected to reach 16.1 percent by 2021–22.[101][102] British Columbia's economy experienced strong growth in recent years with a total growth rate of 9.6% from 2017 to 2021, a growth rate that was second in the country.[103]
Government and politics
[edit]
The lieutenant governor, Janet Austin, is the Crown's representative in the province. During the absence of the lieutenant governor, the Governor in Council (federal Cabinet) may appoint an administrator to execute the duties of the office. This is usually the chief justice of British Columbia.[104] British Columbia is divided into regional districts as a means to better enable municipalities and rural areas to work together at a regional level.
British Columbia has an 87-member elected Legislative Assembly, elected by the plurality voting system, though from 2003 to 2009 there was significant debate about switching to a single transferable vote system called BC-STV. The government of the day appoints ministers for various portfolios, what are officially part of the Executive Council, of whom the premier is chair.
The province is currently governed by the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP) under Premier David Eby. The 2017 provincial election saw the Liberal Party take 43 seats, the NDP take 41, and the British Columbia Green Party take 3. No party met the minimum of 44 seats for a majority, therefore leading to the first minority government since 1953. Following the election, the Greens entered into negotiations with both the Liberals and NDP, eventually announcing they would support an NDP minority government. Previously, the right-of-centre British Columbia Liberal Party governed the province for 16 years between 2001 and 2017, and won the largest landslide election in British Columbia history in 2001, with 77 of 79 seats. The legislature became more evenly divided between the Liberals and NDP following the 2005 (46 Liberal seats of 79) and 2009 (49 Liberal seats of 85) provincial elections. The NDP and its predecessor the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) have been the main opposition force to right-wing parties since the 1930s and have ruled with majority governments in 1972–1975 and 1991–2001. The Green Party plays a larger role in the politics of British Columbia than Green parties do in most other jurisdictions in Canada. After a breakthrough election in 2001 (12.39 percent), the party's vote share declined (2005 – 9.17 percent, 2009 – 8.09 percent, 2013 – 8.13 percent) before increasing again to a record high of 16.84 percent at the 2017 election.
The British Columbia Liberal Party is not related to the federal Liberal Party and does not share the same ideology. Instead, the BC Liberal party is a rather diverse coalition, made up of the remnants of the Social Credit Party, many federal Liberals, federal Conservatives, and those who would otherwise support right-of-centre or free enterprise parties. In 2022, Kevin Falcon was elected leader of the BC Liberals, promising to rename the party in an effort to distance themselves from their federal counterparts. In 2023, the party rebranded as BC United. Historically, there have commonly been third parties present in the legislature (including the Liberals themselves from 1952 to 1975); the BC Green Party is the current third party in British Columbia, with three seats in the legislature.
Prior to the rise of the Liberal Party, British Columbia's main political party was the BC Social Credit Party, which governed the province for 20 years. While sharing some ideology with the subsequent Liberal government, they were more right-wing, although they undertook nationalization of various important monopolies, notably BC Hydro and BC Ferries.
British Columbia is known for having politically active labour unions who have traditionally supported the NDP or its predecessor, the CCF.
British Columbia's political history is typified by scandal and a cast of colourful characters, beginning with various colonial-era land scandals and abuses of power by early officials (such as those that led to McGowan's War in 1858–59). Notable scandals in Social Credit years included the Robert Bonner Affair and the Fantasy Gardens scandal which forced Premier Bill Vander Zalm to resign and ended the Social Credit era. NDP scandals included Bingogate, which brought down NDP Premier Mike Harcourt, and the alleged scandal named Casinogate which drove NDP Premier Glen Clark to resign. A variety of scandals plagued the 2001–2017 Liberal government, including Premier Gordon Campbell's arrest for drunk driving in Maui and the resignation of various cabinet ministers because of conflict-of-interest allegations. A raid on the Parliament Buildings on December 28, 2003,[105] in Victoria, including the Premier's Office, resulted in charges only for ministerial aides, although key cabinet members from the time resigned. Campbell eventually resigned in late 2010 due to opposition to his government's plan to introduce a Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) and was replaced by Christy Clark as premier in the 2011 BC Liberal leadership election.
British Columbia is underrepresented in the Senate of Canada, leading Premier Christy Clark to refuse to cooperate with the federal government's reforms for senate appointments to be made based on the recommendations of an advisory board that would use non-partisan criteria. Hours after that plan was unveiled in Ottawa on December 3, 2015, Clark issued a statement that it did "not address what's been wrong with the Senate since the beginning".[106]
The imbalance in representation in that House is apparent when considering population size. The six senators from BC constitute only one for every 775,000 people vs. one for every 75,000 in Prince Edward Island, which has four senators. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have much smaller populations than BC, yet each has ten senators according to a Global News summary.[107] Correcting this imbalance would require a constitutional amendment, but that is unlikely to be supported by the Atlantic provinces.[107]
Official symbols
[edit]
The government of British Columbia has designated several official symbols:[108]
Flag: Flag of British Columbia
Coat of arms: Coat of arms of British Columbia
Floral emblem: Pacific dogwood
Mineral emblem: Jade
Tree emblem: Western red cedar
Bird emblem: Steller's jay
Mammal emblem: "Spirit" or Kermode bear
Fish emblem: Pacific salmon
Tartan emblem: British Columbia Tartan
Transportation
[edit]
Transportation played a huge role in British Columbia's history. The Rocky Mountains and the ranges west of them constituted a significant obstacle to overland travel until the completion of the transcontinental railway in 1885. The Peace River Canyon through the Rocky Mountains was the route the earliest explorers and fur traders used. Fur trade routes were only marginally used for access to British Columbia through the mountains. Travel from the rest of Canada before 1885 meant the difficulty of overland travel via the United States, around Cape Horn or overseas from Asia. Nearly all travel and freight to and from the region occurred via the Pacific Ocean, primarily through the ports of Victoria and New Westminster.
Until the 1930s, rail was the only means of overland travel to and from the rest of Canada; travellers using motor vehicles needed to journey through the United States. With the construction of the Inter-Provincial Highway in 1932 (now known as the Crowsnest Pass Highway), and later the Trans-Canada Highway, road transportation evolved into the preferred mode of overland travel to and from the rest of the country.
As of 2021 , the number of electric vehicles sold in British Columbia (as a percentage of total vehicle sales) was the highest of any Canadian province or U.S. state.[109]
Roads and highways
[edit]
Because of its size and rugged, varying topography, British Columbia requires thousands of kilometres of provincial highways to connect its communities. British Columbia's roads systems were notoriously poorly maintained and dangerous until a concentrated program of improvement was initiated in the 1950s and 1960s. There are now freeways in Greater Victoria, the Lower Mainland, and Central Interior of the province. Much of the rest of the province, where traffic volumes are generally low, is accessible by well-maintained generally high-mobility two-lane arterial highways with additional passing lanes in mountainous areas and usually only a few stop-controlled intersections outside the main urban areas.
A couple of busy intercity corridors outside Greater Vancouver feature more heavily signalized limited-mobility arterial highways that are mostly four-lane and often divided by portable median traffic barriers. Highway 1 on Vancouver Island and Highway 97 through the Okanagan Valley are medium- to high-volume roadways with variable posted speeds that range from 50 km/h (31 mph) to maximums just slightly lower than the principal grade-separated highways. Numerous traffic lights operate in place of interchanges on both arterials as long-term cost-cutting measures. Signalization along both these highways is heaviest through urban areas and along inter-urban sections where traffic volumes are similar to and sometimes higher than the freeways, but where funding is not available for upgrades to interchanges or construction of high-mobility alternative routes or bypasses. The building and maintenance of provincial highways is the responsibility of the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure.[110]
There are only five major routes to the rest of Canada. From south to north they are: BC Highway 3 through the Crowsnest Pass, the Vermilion Pass (Highway 93 in both British Columbia and Alberta), the Kicking Horse Pass, the latter being used by the Trans-Canada Highway entering Alberta through Banff National Park, the Yellowhead Highway (16) through Jasper National Park, and Highway 2 through Dawson Creek. There are also several highway crossings to the adjoining American states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. The longest highway is Highway 97, running 2,081 kilometres (1,293 mi) from the British Columbia-Washington border at Osoyoos north to Watson Lake, Yukon and which includes the British Columbia portion of the Alaska Highway.
Public transit
[edit]
Prior to 1979, surface public transit in the Vancouver and Victoria metropolitan areas was administered by BC Hydro, the provincially owned electricity utility. Subsequently, the province established BC Transit to oversee and operate all municipal transportation systems. In 1998, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority, now TransLink, a separate authority for routes within the Greater Vancouver Regional District, was established. Some smaller island communities, such as Gabriola Island[111] and, formerly, Pender Island[112][113] operate routes independent of BC Transit or TransLink. BC Transit has recently expanded to provide intercity routes,[114] particularly in the Northern region of British Columbia. Other intercity routes were introduced connecting southern communities in preparation of the cancellation of Greyhound Canada's pullout from Western Canada,[115] though options for intercity bus travel are still extremely limited.
Public transit in British Columbia consists mainly of diesel buses, although Vancouver is also serviced by a fleet of trolley buses. Several experimental buses are being tested such as hybrid buses that have both gasoline and electric engines. Additionally, there are CNG-fuelled buses being tested and used in Nanaimo and Kamloops systems.[116] British Columbia also tested a fleet of Hydrogen-fuelled buses for the Vancouver-Whistler Winter Olympics in 2010.[117] TransLink operates SkyTrain, an automated metro system serving the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, New Westminster, Surrey, Richmond, Coquitlam, and Port Moody. In 2009, the Canada Line SkyTrain was completed, linking Vancouver International Airport and the city of Richmond to downtown Vancouver bringing the total to three operating metro lines.
A new extension to Coquitlam and Port Moody (the Evergreen Extension of the Millennium Line) was completed in December 2016. Construction of an extension of the Millennium Line westwards through Vancouver to Arbutus Street began in February 2021,[118] with future plans to extend the line farther west from Arbutus station to the University of British Columbia.[119] Fare gates have been added to all existing stations, though in the past, SkyTrain used a proof of payment honour system. In the capital city of Victoria, BC Transit and the provincial government's infrastructure ministry are working together to create a bus rapid transit from the Westshore communities to downtown Victoria.[120] In Kamloops, there is a bus rapid transit GPS trial underway to see how bus rapid transit affects smaller cities, rather than larger ones, like Victoria and Vancouver.[121]
Rail
[edit]
British Columbia passenger rail
Prince Rupert Bennett Cassiar Cannery Fraser Kwinitsa White Pass Terrace Usk Pacific Dorreen Cedarvale Kitwanga New Hazelton Smithers Telkwa Houston Burns Lake Endako Fort Fraser Vanderhoof Willow River Aleza Lake Upper Fraser McGregor Sinclair Mills Hutton Longworth Penny Bend Dome Creek Loos Goat River McBride Dunster Harvey Valemount Lillooet Blue River Shalalth Clearwater Seton Portage Kamloops North
D'Arcylimited service
Ashcroft North Bend Boston Bar Katz Hope Agassiz Chilliwack Abbotsford Mission Harbour Mission City Port Haney Maple Meadows Pitt Meadows Port Coquitlam Coquitlam Central Moody Centre Waterfront Pacific Central Station
Operator
Amtrak West Coast Express Kaoham Shuttle White Pass & Yukon Via Rail
(narrow gauge)
Rail development expanded greatly in the decades after the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, in 1885, and was the chief mode of long-distance surface transportation until the expansion and improvement of the provincial highways system began in the 1950s. Two major routes through the Yellowhead Pass competed with the Canadian Pacific Railway – the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, terminating at Prince Rupert, and the Canadian Northern Railway, terminating at Vancouver.
The British Columbia Electric Railway provided rail services in Victoria and Vancouver between the nineteenth century and mid twentieth century.
The Pacific Great Eastern line supplemented this service, providing a north–south route between interior resource communities and the coast. The Pacific Great Eastern (later known as British Columbia Railway and now owned by Canadian National Railway) connects Fort St James, Fort Nelson, and Tumbler Ridge with North Vancouver. The E&N Railway, rebranded as the Island Rail Corridor, formerly served the commercial and passenger train markets of Vancouver Island. Service along the route is now minimal. Vancouver Island was also host to the last logging railway in North America until its closure in 2017.
Current passenger services in British Columbia are limited. Via Rail operates 10 long-distance trains per week on two lines.[122] Local services are limited to two regions, with TransLink providing rapid transit and commuter services in the Lower Mainland and by the Seton Lake Indian Band South of Lillooet with the Kaoham Shuttle. Amtrak runs international passenger service between Vancouver, Seattle, and intermediate points.[123]
Several heritage railways operate within the province, including the White Pass and Yukon Route that runs between Alaska and the Yukon via British Columbia.
Water
[edit]
BC Ferries was established as a provincial crown corporation in 1960 to provide passenger and vehicle ferry service between Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland as a cheaper and more reliable alternative to the service operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway and other private operators. It now operates 25 routes among the islands of British Columbia, as well as between the islands and the mainland. Ferry service to Washington is offered by the Washington State Ferries (between Sidney and Anacortes) and Black Ball Transport (between Victoria and Port Angeles, Washington). Ferry service over inland lakes and rivers is provided by the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. Various other coastal ferries are operated privately.
Commercial ocean transport is of vital importance. Major ports are at Vancouver, Roberts Bank (near Tsawwassen), Prince Rupert, and Victoria.[124][125]
Vancouver, Victoria, and Prince Rupert are also major ports of call for cruise ships. In 2007, a large maritime container port was opened in Prince Rupert with an inland sorting port in Prince George.
Air
[edit]
There are over 200 airports throughout British Columbia, the major ones being the Vancouver International Airport, the Victoria International Airport, the Kelowna International Airport, and the Abbotsford International Airport, the first three of which each served over 1,000,000 passengers in 2005. As of 2017 , Vancouver International Airport is the 2nd busiest airport in the country and the second biggest International Gateway on the west coast (after Los Angeles) with an estimated 26.4 million travellers passing through in 2019.[126]
Arts and culture
[edit]
Visual arts
[edit]
See also: Northwest Coast art
The earliest known visual art produced in the Pacific Northwest, and what would become British Columbia, was by First Nations such as the Coast Salish, Haida, Heiltsuk, and Tsimshian, among others. Such Indigenous work comes particularly in the form of woodcarving, as seen in totem poles, transformation masks, and canoes, as well as textile arts like Chilkat weaving and button blankets. Traditional Indigenous art of the Pacific Northwest is typically distinguished by the formline style, which is defined as "continuous, flowing, curvilinear lines that turn, swell and diminish in a prescribed manner. They are used for figure outlines, internal design elements and in abstract compositions."[127]
Western styles and forms were introduced to the region through the establishment of British North American settlements in the late 18th century. Notable English-Canadian artists of 19th and early 20th century British Columbia include architect Francis Rattenbury, designer James Blomfield, and painter Emily Carr.
Vancouver's art scene was dominated by lyrical abstraction and surrealist landscape painting in the mid-20th century through such artists as B. C. Binning, Jack Shadbolt, Gordon A. Smith, Takao Tanabe, Don Jarvis, and Toni Onley. In the following decades, the city would undergo more artistic diversification with the emergence of conceptual art, communication art, video art, and performance art.[128]
The Vancouver School of conceptual photography encompasses a cohort of Vancouver-based artists who gained notoriety in the 1980s. This school is generally considered to include artists Jeff Wall, Ian Wallace, Ken Lum, Roy Arden, Stan Douglas, and Rodney Graham.[129]
Vancouver maintains roughly 350 works of outdoor public art.[130] Some notable works include A-maze-ing Laughter, Digital Orca, Girl in a Wetsuit, Angel of Victory, The Birds, and the Brockton Point totem poles.
Performing arts
[edit]
British Columbia is home to the Vancouver Opera, the City Opera of Vancouver, Ballet BC, contemporary dance companies Holy Body Tattoo, Kidd Pivot, Mascall Dance Society, and butoh dance troupe Kokoro Dance.[citation needed] It is also the home province for a plethora of independent theatre companies, including the Arts Club Theatre Company, the Shakespearean Bard on the Beach, and Theatre Under the Stars. Performing arts venues include the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, the Orpheum Theatre, and the Royal Theatre, among others.[citation needed]
Music
[edit]
See also: Music of Vancouver
British Columbia is the third largest music-producing province in Canada and the local music industry generates an estimated yearly revenue of $265 million.[131] The province is home to the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, the Okanagan Symphony Orchestra, the Vancouver Metropolitan Orchestra, the Vancouver Youth Symphony Orchestra, the Richmond Delta Youth Orchestra, and the Victoria Symphony. Some important popular music acts include bands such as Spirit of the West, Theory of a Deadman, Trooper, Gob, and The New Pornographers, and solo artists such as Bryan Adams, Carly Rae Jepsen, Mac DeMarco, Michael Bublé, Nelly Furtado, and Diana Krall. Music festivals in BC have included the Squamish Valley Music Festival, Shambhala Music Festival, and Pemberton Music Festival.[132]
Cuisine
[edit]
British Columbian cuisine is commonly associated with healthy living, fusion, fresh local ingredients, and innovation.[133] It can be divided into two broadly-defined traditions: cuisine associated with the west coast, which incorporates a variety of seafood elements, and cuisine associated with the interior of the province, which embraces local game meat, farm-to-table produce, and methods of curing and smoking.[citation needed] Seafood is an important staple of the province's local food culture due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, as well as the region's numerous rivers and lakes. BC is known for several unique dishes and is a producer of fruit, wine,[134] and cheese.[135]
Seafoods of British Columbia include sushi (BC roll, dynamite roll, California roll), dungeness crab (boiled, tacos), spot prawns, wild pacific salmon (smoked, candied, teriyaki, chowder, sandwich), and halibut (baked, lemon ginger), as well as delicacies like white sturgeon caviar and geoduck[136][133][137]
British Columbia is also home to numerous unique non-seafood culinary staples. Some dishes include Doukhobour borscht, Salt Spring Island lamb, Japadog street food, and Butter chicken pizza. Some unique pastries include apple cranberry cinnamon buns, Nanaimo bars, and Victoria creams.[133][136][138] British Columbia also produces several distinct local cheeses, such as kabritt, Castle Blue, and Comox Brie.[137] The London Fog tea latte was invented in Vancouver and remains a popular beverage among coffee shops in the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada; it is referred to as a "Vancouver Fog" in Scotland.[139]
The Okanagan produces many unique fruits originating from the region, including Ambrosia and Spartan apples, Stella and Skeena cherries, and Corontation grapes. Other fruits grown in the province include peaches, pears, plums, apricots, strawberries, blackberries, cranberries, and loganberries.[138]
British Columbia is renowned for its wine production. The primary wine-producing regions include the Okanagan, the Similkameen Valley, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, and the Fraser Valley. As of November 2014, there are 280 licensed grape wineries and 929 vineyards.[140]
Outdoor life and athletics
[edit]
Given its varied mountainous terrain and its coasts, lakes, rivers, and forests, British Columbia has long been enjoyed for pursuits like hiking and camping, rock climbing and mountaineering, hunting and fishing.
Water sports, both motorized and non-motorized, are enjoyed in many places. Sea kayaking opportunities abound on the British Columbia coast with its fjords. Whitewater rafting and kayaking are popular on many inland rivers. Sailing and sailboarding are widely enjoyed.
In winter, cross-country and telemark skiing are much enjoyed, and in recent decades high-quality downhill skiing has been developed in the Coast Mountain range and the Rockies, as well as in the southern areas of the Shuswap Highlands and the Columbia Mountains. Snowboarding has mushroomed in popularity since the early 1990s. The 2010 Winter Olympics downhill events were held in Whistler Blackcomb area of the province, while the indoor events were conducted in the Vancouver area.
In Vancouver and Victoria (as well as some other cities), opportunities for joggers and bicyclists have been developed. Cross-country bike touring has been popular since the ten-speed bike became available many years ago. Since the advent of the more robust mountain bike, trails in more rugged and wild places have been developed for them. A 2016 poll on global biking website Pinkbike rated BC as the top destination mountain bikers would like to ride.[141] Some of the province's retired rail beds have been converted and maintained for hiking, biking, and cross-country skiing. Longboarding is also a popular activity because of the hilly geography of the region.
Horseback riding is enjoyed by many British Columbians. Opportunities for trail riding, often into especially scenic areas, have been established for tourists in numerous areas of the province.
British Columbia also has strong participation levels in many other sports, including golf, tennis, soccer, hockey, Canadian football, rugby union, lacrosse, baseball, softball, basketball, curling, disc golf, Ultimate and figure skating. British Columbia has produced many outstanding athletes, especially in aquatic and winter sports.
Consistent with both increased tourism and increased participation in diverse recreations by British Columbians has been the proliferation of lodges, chalets, bed and breakfasts, motels, hotels, fishing camps, and park-camping facilities in recent decades.
In certain areas, there are businesses, non-profit societies, or municipal governments dedicated to promoting ecotourism in their region. A number of British Columbia farmers offer visitors to combine tourism with farm work, for example, through the WWOOF Canada program.[142]
Sports
[edit]
List of sport teams in British Columbia Team City League Stadium/arena Abbotsford Canucks Abbotsford American Hockey League Abbotsford Centre BC Lions Vancouver Canadian Football League BC Place BC Thunder Richmond National Ringette League Richmond Ice Centre Kamloops Blazers Kamloops Canadian Hockey League Sandman Centre Kelowna Rockets Kelowna Canadian Hockey League Prospera Place Pacific FC Langford Canadian Premier League Starlight Stadium Prince George Cougars Prince George Canadian Hockey League CN Centre Vancouver Bandits Langley Canadian Elite Basketball League Langley Events Centre Vancouver Canucks Vancouver National Hockey League Rogers Arena Vancouver FC Langley Canadian Premier League Willoughby Community Park Stadium Vancouver Giants Langley Canadian Hockey League Langley Events Centre Vancouver Warriors Vancouver National Lacrosse League Rogers Arena Vancouver Whitecaps Vancouver Major League Soccer BC Place Victoria Royals Victoria Canadian Hockey League Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre
Education
[edit]
K-12 education
[edit]
See also: Education in British Columbia
British Columbia is home to a comprehensive education system consisting of public schools and independent schools that is overseen by the provincial Ministry of Education. The public school system is divided in 59 anglophone school districts and one francophone school district, the Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique, which operates French-language public schools throughout the province.[143] The anglophone school districts are governed by school board trustees who are directly elected by the school district's residents. Although 86 percent of students are enrolled in the public school system, British Columbia has one of the highest shares of independent school enrolment among Canadian province, at 14 percent of the student population, due to its relatively generous funding model; most independent schools receive 50 percent of the operating funding that their public counterparts receive from the government. A very small percentage (less than 1 percent) of students are home schooled.
Like most other provinces in Canada, education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16 (grades 1–10), although the vast majority of students remain in school until they graduate from high school (grade 12) at the age of 18. In order to graduate with a graduation certificate, known as a Dogwood Diploma in BC, students must take a minimum of 80 course credits during grades 10 to 12. These credits include a variety of required courses (e.g. in language arts, social studies, mathematics, and science), as well as elective courses.[144]
Academic achievement in British Columbia is relatively good, although it has been slipping in recent years by some measures. In 2020, 86 percent of students in British Columbia graduated from high school within six years of entering grade 8.[145] According to the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores, students in British Columbia scored the second highest in reading ability, fourth highest in mathematic prowess, and fourth highest in science knowledge of the 10 Canadian provinces, although these scores have declined significantly since the 2000 and 2015 assessments.[146]
International students
[edit]
In September 2014, there were 11,000 international students in BC public K-12 schools and about 3,000 international students in other BC K-12 schools.[147]
Higher education
[edit]
British Columbia has a diverse array of higher educational institutions, ranging from publicly funded universities, colleges, and institutes, to private universities, colleges, seminaries, and career institutes. Public institutions receive approximately half of their funding from grants from the provincial government, with the remaining revenue stemming from tuition charges and philanthropic donations.[148] Each post-secondary institution sets its own admission requirements, although the standard requirement is the completion of high school.
Public universities and colleges include:
British Columbia is also home to 11 private colleges and universities located throughout the province, including:
Quest University
Trinity Western University
Alexander College
University Canada West
Columbia College
Coquitlam College
Tamwood International College
Ashton College
Blanche Macdonald
Vanwest College
Two American universities (Fairleigh Dickinson University[149] and Northeastern University[150]) also have degree-granting campuses located in Vancouver.
See also
[edit]
Pacific Northwest portal
Canada portal
Index of British Columbia–related articles
Outline of British Columbia
Symbols of British Columbia
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Sources
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see Bibliography of British Columbia.
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 11
|
https://www.dispatch.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/03/27/how-i-learned-to-love-columbus-style-pizza-and-what-makes-it-unique/73070217007/
|
en
|
What is Columbus-style pizza? Here's the lowdown and why it tops them all.
|
[
"https://www.gannett-cdn.com/presto/2021/06/30/USAT/e803982c-f393-44eb-b3fc-1ea89622c324-PGHE8621.jpg",
"https://www.gannett-cdn.com/appservices/universal-web/universal/icons/icon-play-alt-white.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"The Columbus Dispatch",
"Bob Vitale"
] |
2024-03-27T00:00:00
|
Less crust, more toppings and you can pile your plate with those small pieces. What's not to love about Columbus' contribution to the world of pizza?
|
en
|
The Columbus Dispatch
|
https://www.dispatch.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/03/27/how-i-learned-to-love-columbus-style-pizza-and-what-makes-it-unique/73070217007/
|
I’ve lived in Columbus for 20 years now. I started working at The Dispatch on March 29, 2004, and I remember it like it was yesterday. It was either 73 degrees or 5 below. People were complaining that the paper was too liberal — or maybe too conservative.
Twenty years, I think, gives me the right to self-deprecate like a local, at things such as the 10-most-wanted list of central Ohio criminals that one of the now-defunct alt-weeklies used to publish regularly; in one, seven wore Buckeyes sweatshirts. At things such as our penchant for selecting places like Chipotle, Buffalo Wild Wings and PF Chang’s in best-of-Columbus contests.
I’d poke fun of how we pronounce certain things here in Clummus, but I grew up in Toledo and know I’d get it back 10-fold whenever I say things like “Oh my gaaaaaad!” and “Have you ever been to Tony Paaacko’s?,” which in both cases is quite often.
One, thing, though, that I never joke about in my now-hometown is our local pizza. In 20 years, I’ve become not just used to Columbus-style pizza. I’ve become a fan.
What is Columbus-style pizza?
First of all, for those of you who aren’t as versed in these things as I am, let me explain Columbus-style pizza.
Three features define it. The first is its thin crust. Second, it’s cut into squares rather than triangular slices. Outside this region, where people can’t believe we’re the 15th biggest city in the country, let alone that we have our own style of pizza, they call small square slices “party style” or “tavern style” because it supposedly feeds more people. (They really don’t know much about us, do they?)
Jim Grote, the king of Columbus pizza, explained it all to me last fall when I sat down with him and his daughter, Jane Grote Abell, for an interview as their family-owned Donatos Pizza chain celebrated its 60th year in business.
More: Donatos at 60: Founder reflects on humble start, McDonald's takeover and the golden rule
Notice I called Grote the king of Columbus pizza, not the king of Columbus-style pizza. Although Donatos is by far the biggest purveyor of our local type of pie — between its own franchises and a partnership with Red Robin restaurants, it’s available now in 29 states — Grote was careful to point out that he didn’t create the style.
“That’s the way I learned how to do it,” he said of Columbus-style’s signature square pieces. Grote began working at a local pizzeria as a teenager in the 1950s and ended up buying the place as a college sophomore in 1963. That's how Donatos was born.
What Jim Grote does take credit for, though, is marketing the edge-to-edge toppings that are the third signature of Columbus-style pizza. Donatos took Pizza Hut to court in 1996 and won a $5 million copyright infringement settlement after the national behemoth launched an ad campaign for a pizza called The Edge. The Columbus behemoth argued that Pizza Hut could certainly copy the idea of edge-to-edge toppings, but it couldn’t steal Donatos’ capital-Edge marketing language.
Now, Columbus-style pizza is so much a part of life in central Ohio that Experience Columbus began promoting a Columbus-Style Pizza Trail in 2022. There are 18 pizzerias listed.
A convert to Columbus-style
I was a Columbus-style skeptic when I first settled here, because I grew up eating a homemade focaccia that my family instead called pizza. Our go-to carryout pizza was Little Caesar’s. Our high school hangout was Godfather’s. All were thick, fluffy and crust-centric.
Columbus crust isn’t bready like Detroit’s square pan pizzas, but it’s not crispy, either. It isn’t flimsy like New York’s oversized slices, but it’s not crackery. It’s just right.
Therein lies its genius.
Our crust has a dense presence — more like a pizza shell than an airy crust — but it’s not the focus of the entire pie. You don’t need extra cheese to even things out and, thank goodness, you never get that mystery middle zone that leaves you uncertain if you’re chewing on mozzarella or undercooked dough. I'd even say a fourth feature of Columbus-style pizza is that it's baked to the very limit of well-done.
Toppings take the starring role. (And speaking of toppings: Thank you, Jim Grote, for the Founder’s Favorite. Chef’s kiss to the addition of vinegary banana peppers to pepperoni, sausage and ham.)
We’ve got a good thing going here in our well-balanced pie. That’s probably why 11 of the 16 reader-nominated pizzas for our ongoing Dispatch Best Pizza in Columbus pizza bracket — vote before noon Friday! — were thin-crusted and square-sliced with toppings brimming to the edges. Six of the eight first-round winners were Columbus-style, as are three of the four still vying for bragging rights in this week's voting.
>> Tap or click here to vote for the best pizza in Columbus <<
More: Vote now in round three of The Dispatch Best Pizza in Columbus contest
Save the corners for me
I certainly still love thick-crust pizzas. We often order half-priced Detroit-style Jet’s when the Blue Jackets score two goals at home. It happens quite often, you’ll be happy to know; unfortunately, their opponents quite often score three goals or more.
More: Here are 10 of Columbus' top specialty pizzas
And my cousins and I will be thinking about our mothers this week when we carry on family tradition with the pizzas they’d make every Easter: a bready dough topped with sauteed onions, tomato sauce and Romano cheese. It’s our family’s version of a two-crusted, calzone-like Pugliese onion pie.
But I’m also now a full-fledged Columbusite — Columbian? Columbusinian? — and with that title comes the right to stack my plate with enough small squares of Columbus-style pizza to retire the notion that a party-cut pizza serves more people.
And like any good, red-blooded Columbus resident, I’m going to snag those four tiny corner pieces first.
rvitale@dispatch.com
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_73
|
en
|
Wikipedia
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pizza_73_Logo.svg/220px-Pizza_73_Logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/21px-Foodlogo2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/16px-Industry5.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2006-10-13T18:02:06+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_73
|
Canadian pizza restaurant chain, a subsidiary of Pizza Pizza
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million.[1]
Pizza 73 has a total of 89 locations in Alberta. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373.[2] Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985,[1] Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta.[3][1]
Pizza 73 was the first delivery chain in Alberta to have a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meals by phone; Pizza 73 has facilitated orders online since 1995.[1][4] The restaurant has been recognized as one of Canada's 50 best-managed services,[1] and one of Alberta's 50 fastest-growing companies by Alberta Venture.[1]
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 28
|
https://myhalalrestaurants.com/is-pizza-73-halal/
|
en
|
Is Pizza 73 Halal? Know the Answer
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/myhalalrestaurants.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MY_HALAL_RESTAURANTS__2_-removebg-preview-1.webp?fit=187%2C50&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/myhalalrestaurants.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Pizza-Menu.webp?resize=712%2C400&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/myhalalrestaurants.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Is-Pizza-73-Halal-and-Can-Muslims-Eat-from-There.webp?resize=712%2C400&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/myhalalrestaurants.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/footer-icon.png?w=1050&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"arslan Mushtaq"
] |
2024-04-16T10:38:26+00:00
|
Pizza 73 is one of the most prominent Canadian Pizza restaurant chains. In 2007 it was acquired by a Toronto-based pizza chain and is still going strong. You will be surprised to know that Pizza 73 has around 89 locations in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Everyone loves to eat delicious pizza and their mouth […]
|
en
|
My Halal Restaurants
|
https://myhalalrestaurants.com/is-pizza-73-halal/
|
Pizza 73 is one of the most prominent Canadian Pizza restaurant chains. In 2007 it was acquired by a Toronto-based pizza chain and is still going strong. You will be surprised to know that Pizza 73 has around 89 locations in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Everyone loves to eat delicious pizza and their mouth starts watering when they hear the word Pizza. But for Muslims, the quest for Halal status is always a point of concern. Is Pizza 73 Halal? Let’s find out the answer to this!
Halal Status of Pizza 73
The large Muslim community in Canada is always on a hunt to find Halal food choices. They want to eat tasty meals while keeping in mind the halal factor. The good news is that Pizza 73 offers halal food options for Muslims. Whether you place an order online or by phone, they will cater to everyone’s needs. The restaurant makes fresh pizza with top-notch ingredients.
The menu offered at Pizza 73
If you are planning to eat out from a halal restaurant, keeping Pizza 73 in your list will be the best option. You can order delicious pizza, side dishes, desserts, and dips. The food they make is not only halal and gelation-free but also fresh and tasty. They are proud that none of their products contain any artificial flavors, colors, or trans fats. You can enjoy the finest taste of tandoori chicken that will satisfy your taste buds. The new curly fries are another good option in the entire menu. If you are a fan of the fries, don’t forget to try out this one.
Many Muslims ask this question whether the doughs used by the chefs are vegan or not. You will be delighted to know that their classic and whole grain dough doesn’t contain any animal by-products. One of the most popular menu choices is halal “New York Pepperoni”. It doesn’t contain wheat gluten. If this is not enough you can try out the delicious butter chicken. Here is what you try to order:
Everyday deals: It includes large two-topper pizza, large BBQ chicken pizza, large deluxe pizza, and large butter paneer pizza
Special deal: Pizza plus drinks available in large, small, and medium sizes
Solo deal: It offers various pizza choices like BBQ chicken pizza
Under $10 Deal: You will get popcorn chicken, fries, and classic curly fries in this deal
Spice Delights: The Spice Delights offers 10 to 20 pieces of wings
Gourmet thins: You will get the ultimate pepperoni
Alternative crusts
Chicken: The chicken choices are plenty and halal. You can try out boneless wings
Sides and snacks: Popcorn chicken fries and more
Dips: The dipping sauce is delicious
Drinks: You can have beverages of your choice
Desserts: From the desserts you can have cookies, brownies, donuts and caramel dip
Does Pizza 73 Dough Use Eggs?
The dough used at Pizza 73 is made with tomato sauce and cheese but they don’t use eggs for it. However, they do offer a good range of sauces such as Buffalo Blue cheese that contains eggs. Muslims can also opt for vegan choices that are completely halal for them.
Is Pizza 73 Halal and Can Muslims Eat from There?
Yes, Pizza 73 is halal and there are many delicious food choices on their menu. Muslims don’t need to restrict themselves and can dine out at this restaurant. As the Muslim community continues to grow in Canada, their food choices are becoming wider than before. You can try out their shawarma, pizzas, and desserts.
The ambience of this restaurant is welcoming and you will enjoy it with your family and friends. There is a tandoori chicken wing that is spicy and full of flavors. The shawarma chicken offers the best topping for all the lovely customers. Moreover, the best part is that it is completely halal. They use only halal meats keeping in mind the dietary requirements. You can have takeout or delivery of food, depending on your mood.
However, there are some reports too that claim that not all the outlets of Pizza 73 are halal. In this matter, it is better for you to ask the restaurant management yourself before dining in there!
So, this is all about Pizza 73 halal status. Remember to always verify the halal status of your local Pizza 73 outlet to ensure your dietary requirements are met before ordering. Enjoy your meal with peace of mind!
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 64
|
https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-2010s/
|
en
|
The 200 Best Albums of the 2010s
|
[
"https://pitchfork.com/verso/static/pitchfork/assets/logo-inverted.svg",
"https://pitchfork.com/verso/static/pitchfork/assets/logo-header.svg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727a140db1d10008f1fa90/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Ratking-So-It-Goes.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727a650db1d10008f1fa92/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/WU-LYF.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727ab153e80c0008f436d8/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jean-Grae-Quelle-Chris-Everythings-Fine.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727c772073fe00084eb0fa/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Fatima-Al-Qadiri-Genre-Specific-Xperience.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727d499ce93e000838209a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Portal-Vexovoid.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d727da50db1d10008f1fa94/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Downtown-Boys-Full-Communism.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7289062073fe00084eb0ff/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Titus-Andronicus-The-Monitor.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728a08fd34990009cf8999/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Lil-Peep-Hellboy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728a500db1d10008f1fa98/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kelela-Cut-4-Me.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728af26eee70000829f286/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kate-Bush-50-Words-for-Snow.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728b662073fe00084eb101/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Huerco-S-For-Those-of-You.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728c582073fe00084eb103/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Miranda-Lambert-Weight-of-These-Wings.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728cf29ce93e00083820d1/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Pusha-T-Daytona.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728d9d6eee70000829f2b8/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Iceage-Beyondless.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728de10db1d10008f1fa9a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/VA-Mono-No-Aware.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728ea02073fe00084eb105/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Hailu-Mergia.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728efcfd34990009cf899b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Soccer-Mommy-Clean.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d728f53fd34990009cf899d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Elysia-Crampton-American-Drift.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72900f0db1d10008f1fa9c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/GLOSS.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7290be6eee70000829f2ba/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jamila-Woods-LEGACY-LEGACY.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/650b333fbbcef9298df0b98c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Chvrches-The-Bones-of-What-You-Believe.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7291e6fd34990009cf89d3/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Shabazz-Palaces-Black-Up.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72a6dcfd34990009cf89d5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Savages-Silence-Yourself.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72a75153e80c0008f43715/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Margo-Price-All-American-Made.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72a80a53e80c0008f43717/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Gil-Scott-Heron-Im-New-Here.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72a97b53e80c0008f43719/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jessie-Ware-Devotion.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72ab116eee70000829f2be/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sharon-Van-Etten-Are-We-There.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72ab44fd34990009cf89de/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Hurray-for-the-Riff-Raff.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72acd50db1d10008f1faa2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Popcaan-Where-We-Come-From.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72ad6f6eee70000829f2c0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/JPEGMAFIA-Veteran.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72aea79ce93e00083820d5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Skee-Mask-Compro.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72aed0fd34990009cf89e0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Paramore-After-Laughter.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72af6c53e80c0008f4371b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Julianna-Barwick-The-Magic-Place.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72afba2073fe00084eb10f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sandy-Alex-G-DSU.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72b7006eee70000829f2c2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Nicki-Minaj-The-Pinkprint.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72b91f0db1d10008f1faa6/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jay-Som-Everybody-Works.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72baac0db1d10008f1faa8/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Hop-Along-Painted-Shut.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72c5b09ce93e000838210b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Meek-Mill-Dreamchasers-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/663cd6602ebd705c5275ceb0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sturgill-Simpson.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72c6932073fe00084eb113/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/1975-I-like-it-when-you-sleep.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d94b58ea540790008f9dbb0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Noname-Room25.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72cb132073fe00084eb116/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Pallbearer-Foundations-of-Burden.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72cb8853e80c0008f4371f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sleigh-Bells-Treats.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72d2b76eee70000829f2c6/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/The-1975-A-Brief-Inquiry.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72d30a2073fe00084eb118/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jenny-Lewis-The-Voyager.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72d38cfd34990009cf8a1d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/21-Savage-Metro-Boomin-Savage-Mode.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d72d3d69ce93e000838210f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Under-the-Skin.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/66843f4bb321f667ccb47f91/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Purple-Mountains.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766b809ce93e00083821b9/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Arctic-Monkeys-AM.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766c372073fe00084eb1c0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Lady-Gaga-Fame-Monster.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766c7a0db1d10008f1fb22/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Playboi-Carti.jpeg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766cc72073fe00084eb1c2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Mac-DeMarco-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766df2fd34990009cf8aa1/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Nicolas-Jaar-Space-Is-Only-Noise.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766e5553e80c0008f43802/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/The-National-High-Violet.jpeg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766ecd6eee70000829f349/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sheer-Mag-Compilation.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d766f7353e80c0008f43804/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Chief-Keef-Finally-Rich.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76701e0db1d10008f1fb58/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/PJ-Harvey-Let-England-Shake.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d767107fd34990009cf8aa4/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Weyes-Blood-Titanic-Rising.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7671720db1d10008f1fb5a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Fennesz-Agora.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7672182073fe00084eb1c4/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Rick-Ross-Rich-Forever.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76730153e80c0008f43808/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Parquet-Courts-Sunbathing-Animal.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76a4ca6eee70000829f34f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Emeralds-Does-It-Look-Like-Im-Here.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76a5876eee70000829f351/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Alabama-Shakes-Sound-and-Color.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76a6106eee70000829f353/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/ASAP-Rocky-LiveLongASAP.png",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76aa670db1d10008f1fb61/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tim-Hecker-Ravedeath-1972.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76aac02073fe00084eb232/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Fleet-Foxes-Helplessness-Blues.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ab379ce93e0008382259/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/M83-Hurry-Up-Were-Dreaming.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76abca0db1d10008f1fb63/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Frankie-Cosmos-Zentropy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ac1e9ce93e000838225b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Amen-Dunes-Freedom.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ac9c53e80c0008f4380f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Run-the-Jewels-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ada02073fe00084eb236/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tame-Impala-Lonerism.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ae399ce93e000838225d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/VA-Bangs-and-Works-Vol-1.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76ae9d6eee70000829f356/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Radiohead-A-Moon-Shaped-Pool.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76af692073fe00084eb238/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Car-Seat-Headrest-Teens-of-Denial.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76afd353e80c0008f43811/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Panda-Bear-Tomboy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b0acfd34990009cf8b43/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Yves-Tumor-Safe-in-the-Hands-of-Love.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b10f9ce93e000838225f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Real-Estate-Days.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b1746eee70000829f38c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Deafheaven-Sunbather.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b1c00db1d10008f1fb65/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Snail-Mail-Lush.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/65d8cd576e6c48224fb7412f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/The-Hotelier-Home-Like-Noplace-Is-There.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b30053e80c0008f43815/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tyler-the-Creator-Flower-Boy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b3bb2073fe00084eb26e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Girlpool-Before-the-World-Was-Big.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b4122073fe00084eb270/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Leonard-Cohen-You-Want-It-Darker.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b5289ce93e0008382261/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Death-Grips-Money-Store.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b57f9ce93e0008382263/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Janelle-Mona%25CC%2581e-ArchAndroid.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b63e6eee70000829f38e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/US-Girls-In-a-Poem-Unlimited.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b6799ce93e0008382265/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sampha-Process.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b83053e80c0008f43817/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Japandroids-Celebration-Rock.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d76b8810db1d10008f1fb9b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Daft-Punk-Random-Access-Memories.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77ae489ce93e0008382347/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/EMA-Past-Life-Martyred-Saints.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77b6dd0db1d10008f1fc73/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Waka-Flocka-Flame-Flockaveli.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77b83a9ce93e000838237d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Julia-Holter-Aviary.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77b89bfd34990009cf8be3/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kaytranada-99.9.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77b9160db1d10008f1fc75/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/DIrty-Projectors-Swing-Lo-Magellan.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77b9946eee70000829f3fe/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Moses-Sumney-Aromanticism.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d5ab5fac7e6ee0009d81a2a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Disclosure-Settle.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77bad853e80c0008f43887/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Waxahatchee-Cerulean-Salt.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77bb550db1d10008f1fc77/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Helado-Negro-This-Is-How-You-Smile.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77bbef0db1d10008f1fc79/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jeremih-Late-Nights.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77bc32fd34990009cf8be5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Chromatics-Kill-for-Love.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77bee8fd34990009cf8bf1/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Ariana-Grande-Sweetener.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/65771142a9bb8a8b8b679dc2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Bad-Bunny-X-100pre.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77fc496eee70000829f4ac/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Todd-Terje-Its-Album-Time.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77fcc12073fe00084eb386/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/War-on-Drugs-Lost-in-the-Dream.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77fe6d53e80c0008f4390a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Low-Double-Negative.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d77ff426eee70000829f4b0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jai-Paul-Leak-04-13.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d780009fd34990009cf8bfd/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Vampire-Weekend-Contra.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d78009f0db1d10008f1fcb5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tirzah-Devotion.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7802ccfd34990009cf8c01/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kanye-West-Jay-Z-Watch-the-Throne.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7801fcfd34990009cf8bff/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Bon-Iver-22-A-Million.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/669e83eede0c54bd6c9bb940/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Joyce-Manor-Never-Hungover-Again.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d780af16eee70000829f4b8/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Caribou-Our-Love.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d780b6553e80c0008f4390e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jenny-Hval-Apocalypse-girl.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d780c2f8699b30008f1acf5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Rae-Sremmurd-SremmLife.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d780db9fd34990009cf8c05/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Haim-Days-Are-Gone.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d78105c53e80c0008f43910/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jessica-Pratt-On-Your-Own.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d78122553e80c0008f43912/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Chance-the-Rapper-Acid-Rap.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7812be8699b30008f1acf8/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Burial-Rival-Dealer.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7814e42073fe00084eb3c0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Girls-Father-Son-Holy-Ghost.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d78154f0db1d10008f1fcf2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Solange-When-I-Get-Home.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d781628fd34990009cf8c07/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Aphex-Twin-Syro.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794c1c53e80c0008f439c4/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tame-Impala-Currents.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794c9a0db1d10008f1ff15/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kurt-Vile-Smoke-Ring-for-My-Halo.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794d11256a0a0009483315/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Four-Tet-There-Is-Love-in-You.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794d686eee70000829f66b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Arcade-Fire-The-Suburbs.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794dc28699b30008f1ae3d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/The-Weeknd-House-of-Balloons.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794e2e256a0a0009483317/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/SOPHIE-Oil-of-Every-Pearl.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794ea24bc6510008699745/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Cardi-B-Invasion-of-Privacy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d794f374bc6510008699747/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Father-John-Misty-Honeybear.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7950016eee70000829f66d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Robyn-Honey.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7950a24bc6510008699749/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Perfume-Genius-No-Shape.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a566f256a0a000948334f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Drake-IYRTITL.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a57980db1d10008f1ffbb/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Flying-Lotus-Cosmogramma.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a588e0db1d10008f1ffbd/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Courtney-Barnett-Sometimes-I-Sit-and-Think.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5aed0db1d10008f1ffc9/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Fever-Ray-Plunge.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5baa4bc65100086997f3/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Future-DS2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5e3d0db1d10008f1ffff/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Mitski-Be-the-Cowboy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5e6f0db1d10008f20001/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Danny-Brown-XXX.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5efa256a0a0009483351/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Grouper-Ruins.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a5f87256a0a0009483353/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Arca-Arca.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a608553e80c0008f43a31/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/King-Krule-The-OOZ.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a613d53e80c0008f43a33/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Taylor-Swift-Red.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a61cc256a0a0009483356/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kamasi-Washington-The-Epic.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a63a8256a0a0009483358/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kendrick-Lamar-DAMN.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a64af6eee70000829f71e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Bjo%25CC%2588rk-Vulnicura.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a65b84bc6510008699829/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/St-Vincent-Strange-Mercy.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a66336eee70000829f720/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Young-Thug-Barter-6.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a67038699b30008f1aeae/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jlin-Black-Origami.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a67ed4bc651000869982b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/LCD-Soundsystem-This-Is-Happening.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a68484bc6510008699895/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/DJ-Koze-Knock-Knock.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a742253e80c0008f43a39/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Grimes-Visions.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bb61f8699b30008f1b031/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Oneohtrix-Point-Never-Replica.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bc2a20db1d10008f200c5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/ANOHNI-Hopelessness.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d9ca0ec39d76100088ec37d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Carly-Rae-Jepsen.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bc48b53e80c0008f43b24/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Knife-Shaking-the-Habitual.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bc57053e80c0008f43b26/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Mount-Eerie-A-Crow-Looked-at-Me.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bc6760db1d10008f200c7/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/A-Tribe-Called-Quest-we-got-it-from-here.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bccb66eee70000829f85c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sky-Ferreira-Night-Time-My-Time.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bcd3d53e80c0008f43b28/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Erykah-Badu-New-Amerykah-Part-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bceb78699b30008f1b037/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Beyonce%25CC%2581-Lemonade.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bcfcd0db1d10008f200ca/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Charli-XCX-Pop-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7be8b953e80c0008f43b2a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Bill-Callahan-Apocalypse.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7be9588699b30008f1b039/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Tierra-Whack-Whack-World.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bebcf8699b30008f1b03b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/David-Bowie-Blackstar.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7becb0bf029700081d7c3f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Rosali%25CC%2581a-El-Mal-Querer.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bed928699b30008f1b03d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Blood-Orange-Cupid-Deluxe.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf0c28699b30008f1b03f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Vince-Staples-Summertime-06.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf1478699b30008f1b041/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Big-Thief-UFOF.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf1a50db1d10008f200d2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Bon-Iver-Bon-Iver.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d5ab5ee1ce1350009a5d4eb/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Beyonce-4.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf3984bc65100086999c6/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Mitski-Puberty-2.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf44a8699b30008f1b043/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Deerhunter-Halcyon-Digest.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a863e0db1d10008f20007/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/FKA-twigs-Two-Weeks.jpeg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf55a0db1d10008f200d4/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Earl-Sweatshirt-Some-Rap-Songs.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf65d53e80c0008f43b2d/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Angel-Olsen-Burn-Your-Fire-for-No-Witness.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/6602df151e5338cc9e3389d9/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Jamie-xx-In-Colour.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bad504bc65100086999b7/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/SZA-The-Weekend.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7a8c718699b30008f1aee5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kacey-Musgraves-Slow-Burn.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d790b2cfd34990009cf8d12/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Destroyer-Chinatown.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7bf99453e80c0008f43b2f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Beach-House-Teen-Dream.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/6537c9dfd6794e741ed8e3d0/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/DJ-Rashad-Double-Cup.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d7945c94bc651000869973f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Lana-Del-Rey-The-Greatest.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8901df1f868e00096102c2/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kendrick-Lamar-good-kid-maad-city.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8902230480b10008ffa25c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Sufjan-Stevens-Carrie-and-Lowell.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d823b4c43566d0008bed8c3/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Joanna-Newsom-Good-Intentions.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d702a3413ff690008c6eeed/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kanye-West-Blood-on-the-Leaves.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8904320480b10008ffa260/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Lorde-Melodrama.jpeg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8903d021339a000839699a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Drake-Take-Care.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8905f35d366d000838ce6c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Rihanna-ANTI.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8904bc21339a000839699c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Grimes-Art-Angels.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d89085ed118d20008aff3df/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Frank-Ocean-Channel-Orange.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8902e20480b10008ffa25e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/DAngelo-Black-Messiah.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8906f75d366d000838ce70/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Robyn-Body-Talk.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/645d3c70ebb81029e4bad2f6/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Vampire-Weekend.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d88f7d70480b10008ffa253/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Solange-Cranes-in-the-Sky.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d89031bf452640008e4ee9b/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Fiona-Apple-The-Idler-Wheel.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d88fd1d09b36e0009899f3e/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kendrick-Lamar-Alright.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/6577131d98565f7ba920a219/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Beyonce.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d890641d118d20008aff3dd/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Kanye-West-MBDTF.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d8907371f868e00096102c5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/Frank-Ocean-Blonde.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d961c37e6ad950008e1c89c/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/PF_Decades_Songs_WIDE%2520(1).png",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5da8728e61708900098e3f05/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/SmallPop-wide-still.jpg",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5d9df73e477ff80008cadf93/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/PF_Decades_Conceptronica_STILL.png",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/5da60c9df1323700083db712/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/PF_Decades_Readers%2520Poll_Results_STILL.png",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/66aa982fabdc0066318ed940/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/66b10833dc41e5f791f22534/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/66aa4cd3e5a1f1f047685ed1/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.pitchfork.com/photos/669922a1f138e8ca0ef42e89/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://pitchfork.com/verso/static/pitchfork/assets/logo-reverse.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"best of the 2010s"
] | null |
[
"Pitchfork",
"Jayson Greene",
"Simon Reynolds",
"Alphonse Pierre",
"Nina Corcoran",
"Jazz Monroe",
"Condé Nast"
] |
2019-10-08T09:00:00-04:00
|
The records that made the decade, starring Kendrick Lamar, Grimes, Bon Iver, Solange, Lana Del Rey, and many more
|
en
|
https://pitchfork.com/verso/static/pitchfork/assets/favicon.ico
|
Pitchfork
|
https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-2010s/
|
In the 2010s, as playlists swelled with unrelated tracks and algorithms shot listeners off in all directions, the full-length release started to feel on the verge of becoming an antique. But great artists will always want to create works that expand their visions, and this decade, they found new ways to push the LP forward. They pioneered the visual album, perfected the surprise drop, and stretched running times as long as they pleased, no longer beholden to physical media. So the form endures, and at the end of a turbulent decade, it is thriving. Here are our top 200 albums of the decade.
For more about how we put together this list, read this letter from our editor-in-chief Puja Patel. And check out all of Pitchfork’s 2010s wrap-up coverage here.
(All releases featured here are independently selected by our editors. When you buy something through our retail links, however, Pitchfork may earn an affiliate commission.)
Note: FKA twigs’ MAGDALENE and Angel Olsen’s All Mirrors, two albums released after the voting for this list took place, appear near the top of our Best of 2019 list. Had they been released earlier, they would have been included here.
Listen to selections from this list on our Spotify playlist and Apple Music playlist.
200.
Ratking: So It Goes (2014)
As suggested by the painstakingly detailed map of New York City that covers So It Goes, Ratking’s 2014 debut is a deep dive into their hometown. Storming from the stoops of Harlem to the bustling storefronts of Canal Street are the gaptooth spitfire Wiki and the languid daydreamer Hak, whose relentless banter never loses steam. Producer Sporting Life’s abstract, sample-heavy soundscapes conjure the chaos of the modern concrete jungle—a sound that evokes the dissonance of ’70s no wave and the experimentation of ’90s hip-hop. Together, Ratking paint a compelling city portrait: “Remove Ya” addresses its rampant stop-and-frisk abuses, while the jazzy “Snow Beach” chastises gentrification for poisoning the Big Apple. So It Goes shows NYC as it really is: pretty, gritty, and gross, forever restless and forever alive. –Quinn Moreland
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
199.
Wu Lyf: Go Tell Fire to the Mountain (2011)
In the late 2000s and early 2010s, plenty of indie bands sprang up with crystalline guitars, cryptic lyrics, and an aversion to sharing basic biographical details. But those other acts didn’t have a singer like Wu Lyf’s Ellery Roberts. Go Tell Fire to the Mountain supported Roberts’ shredded growl with patient post-rock builds, and the result was pure catharsis. These songs were so cuttingly earnest—“I love you forever,” Roberts rasped on the opener, “L Y F”—that it almost came as no surprise when the group broke up afterward. Who could sustain such intensity; who would want to? It wasn’t always easy to tell what Roberts was hollering about, but Wu Lyf’s best songs, like the sweeping “We Bros,” could have you chanting along, caught up in a frenzy of oddball solidarity. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
198.
Jean Grae / Quelle Chris: Everything’s Fine (2018)
On Everything’s Fine, Jean Grae and Quelle Chris tackle a range of modern topics—from the mistreatment of black people by the police to the ever-growing influence of Instagram models—through dense skits, outrageous parodies, and sharp rapping. The conversations they begin don’t always reach a conclusion, but they’re thoughtful, and the duo never sacrifices style for substance. Grae is the steady force and more of a traditionalist: She’s technically precise, while Chris is the wild card. But despite their differences, they complement each other perfectly, whether rapping or producing. That balance carries over to their wide array of guests who all rise to meet their energy. Yet, in the end, the album is about Jean Grae and Quelle Chris, who make it clear that they’re not content to be “fine.” –Alphonse Pierre
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
197.
Fatima Al Qadiri: Genre-Specific Xperience (2011)
Few documents of global music this decade were as interesting as the producer Fatima Al Qadiri’s Genre-Specific Xperience, an icy, minimal exercise in translating and flattening microgenres—juke, dubstep, digital tropicália—into a cohesive statement that tied to her international upbringing and youth as a gamer. Just five songs long, the record was high-minded—its videos, helmed by highly regarded artists like Ryan Trecartin and Sophia al-Maria, debuted in New York’s New Museum—but it also provided a template for what a cerebral dancefloor could look like. –Julianne Escobedo Shepherd
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
196.
Portal: Vexovoid (2013)
Some 21st-century death metal acts embraced digital technology and the clarity it brought; imagine listening to a jackhammer busting through concrete in hi-def. That modern crispness is nowhere to be found in the eruptive music of Portal, who instead update old-school death metal by making their music sound not like just one tsunami but dozens of them. The Australian group successfully shaded the lines of all instruments into one cumulative blast, with everything melting together: the slow, guttural growling of lead vocalist The Curator, drummer Ignis Fatuus’ rumbling percussive churn. (All the band members are anonymous and perform masked.) There are glints of familiar metal tropes—epic guitar solos, sci-fi-homage lyrics—but by boiling these elements into a tarry, punishing brew, Portal bring metal back where it started, as the sound of something terrifying, exciting, and new. –Matthew Schnipper
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
195.
Downtown Boys: Full Communism (2015)
“Why is it that we never have enough with just what's inside of us?” screams Victoria Ruiz at the start of “Monstro,” the highlight of Downtown Boys’ cyclonic debut album, Full Communism. It’s a fair question to throw at a capitalist country that's hell-bent on extracting every modicum of value from its people, especially its young and marginalized. With true punk fury—and the occasional stellar use of saxophones— Downtown Boys clear themselves a space to rage: Joey L DeFrancesco cracks bedrock with his guitar chords, while drummer Norlan Olivo agitates the whole band into breakneck urgency. With Full Communism, Downtown Boys established themselves as the harbingers of righteous frustration at a system that keeps people pinned down in a cycle of exploitation. –Sasha Geffen
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
194.
Titus Andronicus: The Monitor (2010)
Throw together the Civil War, Bruce Springsteen’s New Jersey, and Titus Andronicus singer Patrick Stickles’ self-imposed exile from mainstream American culture—plus some bagpipes—and you get The Monitor, the blueprint for a decade of emo rock bands. In Stickles’ fevered imagination, everything is a metaphor for everything else: high school is a battlefield, his anxiety and malaise is Abraham Lincoln’s, and tramps aren’t born to run as Bruce said, but instead were born to die. As the rhythm section storms along, Stickles screams himself hoarse about accepting your given lot in life and the folly of using spite for fuel. On one song’s chorus, he screams “You will always be a loser” over and over, which at least gives the losers an anthem, too. –Jeremy D. Larson
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
193.
Lil Peep: Hellboy (2016)
Hellboy was released while Lil Peep was a teen, just a few years before he died. The mixtape is focused on pain and how he hoped his might dissipate, and how he figured it probably wouldn’t. That he wasn’t wrong makes listening to the album feel like hearing a very loud alarm with a signal you cannot heed. The isolation at the core of his music wasn’t particular to him; he was just particularly good at distilling it. About the insistence of his depression, despite newfound success, he raps, “I used to wanna kill myself/Came up, still wanna kill myself.” It’s particularly bittersweet that he made it sound so tantalizing, the sound of his voice rich over the borrowed riffs of emo bands and electronic music producers. If you’ve ever felt that way, his music assures you that you’re not alone—and if you haven’t, he gives you a glimpse of what that suffering feels like. –Matthew Schnipper
Listen: SoundCloud
192.
Kelela: Cut 4 Me (2013)
When Kelela debuted with Cut 4 Me, she solidified an experimental bass movement into something that felt human, as if a team of extraterrestrial scientists finally made contact. The mixtape was welded by a group of producers from UK imprint Night Slugs and their L.A. sister label Fade to Mind who bent elements of drum’n’bass, dubstep, techno, grime, and footwork into sparse soundtracks for the club underground. Kelela was the skeleton key to the crew’s disparate styles, a siren who could unlock a matrix of synths, shattering glass, and sputtering bass to reveal the soul hiding in the pauses between. It’s rare when something is both so clearly reflective of its time and predictive of the future, and Cut 4 Me was just that. –Puja Patel
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
191.
Kate Bush: 50 Words for Snow (2011)
On Kate Bush’s only studio album of the decade, she sings about catching a snowflake out of the sky, warning a hunted yeti, and sleeping with a dissolving snowman. And she does so wide-eyed and full-heartedly, even painstakingly. 50 Words for Snow, named for the myth that the Inuit have such a vocabulary, boasts all of her trademark magical realism, fantastical lovers, and far-flung settings, but the songs are more quietly ambitious than past works—almost like chamber pieces. The material is more wistful: Where Bush’s best singles have often been about having something beautiful that you’re about to lose, much of 50 Words for Snow addresses things that are already lost. The wistfulness is often self-referential, as on “Snowed In at Wheeler Street,” a tale of star-crossed lovers with lyrics threaded with references to her old songs. It's music that rewards close attention in an age where that is increasingly rare. –Katherine St. Asaph
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
190.
Huerco S.: For Those of You Who Have Never (and Also Those Who Have) (2016)
Huerco S. got his start crafting techno that erased most of the things that typically make dance music tick: beats, basslines, forward drive. Within a few short years, those subtractive processes yielded For Those of You Who Have Never (and Also Those Who Have), an album of barely-there ambient music. Twirling grainy wisps of synthesizer around a hollow core, it’s hardly more substantial than wind chimes caught on corroded magnetic tape—and all the more captivating for it. Churning loops bubble up into a fizz of tape hiss, sounding like a lo-fi cassette dub of Berlin ambient-techno pioneers Basic Channel; bell tones and tinny synth riffs stumble down a delay-pedal hall of mirrors. It’s almost impossible to fix any of these ethereal pieces in your memory, but as long as the disc is spinning, it is an uncommonly enveloping listen. –Philip Sherburne
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
189.
Miranda Lambert: The Weight of These Wings (2016)
For the first half of the decade, Miranda Lambert was a country superstar with a string of radio hits, a recurring spot on The Voice, and a picture-perfect marriage to fellow singer Blake Shelton. But when they divorced in 2015, the breakup encouraged her to go down a darker, more existential path. Her ambitious double album The Weight of These Wings carries on in a grand tradition of messy relationship statements: It has the grit of Tom Petty’s Wildflowers and the uncertainty of Bruce Springsteen’s Tunnel of Love, wrapped up in Lambert’s fiery, down-home charm. Its songs are torch ballads and highway anthems with a live band that feels borne of late night jam sessions, raw and unglamorous. For Lambert, redemption comes from buying a cheap pair of plastic sunglasses, by spending late nights alone at the bar, in knowing that she alone controls her destiny. Legend has it, she hung up on the first interviewer she spoke to about the record—the question was about Shelton’s new partner, Gwen Stefani—and decided that she would do no press surrounding the album, letting the music speak for itself. “All you had to do was listen,” she said. And the music says it all. –Sam Sodomsky
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
188.
Pusha-T: Daytona (2018)
After the breakup of the Clipse, his duo with his brother, Pusha-T spent this decade trying to find his footing as a solo rapper. He’s had plenty of highs—his verse on “Mercy,” all of “Numbers on the Board”—but he’s also had releases that didn’t live up to the high standard he once set. Daytona is the full realization of Pusha as a star. The drug dealing raps that fans first fell in love with on Clipse’s Hell Hath No Fury are just as rich here as he settles into a new corporate villain persona. Executive produced by Kanye West, Daytona closes with “Infrared,” an end-to-end thriller, famous for the petty shots at Drake that lit a new flame to one of this century’s defining rap beefs. And yet, for all the storylines and drama that surrounded Daytona, the music rises above. –Alphonse Pierre
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
187.
Iceage: Beyondless (2018)
With limbs flailing and sweat matting his hair, Iceage frontman Elias Bender Rønnenfelt grew up before our eyes. He was only 18 at the top of the decade, when he and his childhood friends were dubbed the Next Great Punk Band, and across four albums and countless shows, they put in the work needed to uphold the claim. Beyondless, the quartet’s most recent LP, saw them once again expanding their sound in service of their ever-growing ambition, this time incorporating manic violins, honky-tonk pianos, and, for the first time, a guest vocalist in Sky Ferreira. The permanently anguished Rønnenfelt offers up a clear example of his dark philosophy in the cabaret stunner “Showtime,” narrating the onstage suicide of a handsome young singer. Over drunken drums that lead the rest of the band along by a rope, he snarls into the mic, grappling with the very public line of work that’s made him a minor heartthrob among the indie set. This is the latest, greatest Iceage: a bit more romantic but as fiercely droll as ever. –Noah Yoo
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
186.
Various Artists: Mono No Aware (2017)
Assembled by PAN label head Bill Kouligas, the compilation Mono No Aware offered a referendum on what “ambient music” means in the streaming era and a who’s-who primer on the genre’s emerging voices. An immediate standout was Yves Tumor with the gossamer synths and vérité chatter of “Limerance.” But at 16 tracks and nearly 80 minutes, the comp feels like a fun house with trapdoors at every turn: Open one and tumble into the breathy murmurs and glacial drifts of Malibu’s “Held.” Open another and hear Kouligas’ “VXOMEG” morph from harsh squall to blurry drones. Enigmatic and patiently unfolding, Mono No Aware stands as an argument for appreciating everyday subtleties in an era prone to bombast. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
185.
Hailu Mergia: Lala Belu (2018)
Reissues of obscure albums ran rampant this decade, thanks in part to labels following the YouTube algorithms that guided listeners to styles they may have otherwise never found. But the MP3 blog-turned-label Awesome Tapes From Africa bucked that trend, diligently digging through physical artifacts to discover true gems. Take keyboardist/composer Hailu Mergia, a star in his native Ethiopia in the ’70s who moved to Washington, D.C. and became a taxi driver. Discovery of an old tape in Bahir Dar, a tourist hotspot in northern Ethiopia, in 2013 ignited Mergia’s dormant career in the West, capped by Lala Belu, his first new album in decades. On it, Mergia still sounds spry and roving on piano, accordion, and synthesizer, his melodic sense as acute and mesmerizing as ever. With Mergia at the helm of a jazz trio moving as a crackling, telepathic entity, Lalu Belu astonishes not by being a nostalgia trip but by sounding triumphantly in the present. –Andy Beta
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
184.
Soccer Mommy: Clean (2018)
Clean is a breath of fresh air that will also knock the wind out of you. Nashville singer-songwriter Sophie Allison was far from the only former home-recorder making bittersweet indie pop in 2018, but she did it her own way, and with impressive craft. Released when Allison was 20, these endlessly replayable songs have the prickly slouch of ’90s indie rock, but with wide-eyed vulnerability and bright melodies in place of ironic distance; the sharp eyes and conversational delivery of vintage Taylor Swift, but with more of real life’s mess. It’s tempting to dwell on just the first three tracks: the relationship dysfunction of dreamy ballad “Still Clean,” the vicarious imperturbability of swirling anthem “Cool,” and, especially, the damn-she-just-did-that Stooges reversal “Your Dog.” But the rest is also revelatory; the subdued finale “Wildflowers,” where Allison intones that she “found God on Sunday morning, layin’ next to you,” is a sigh of relief that leaves you gasping for more. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
183.
Elysia Crampton: American Drift (2015)
Elysia Crampton’s experimental electronic music unearths deep personal truths in surprising places. Her earlier work as E+E turned heads by finding something sublime and alien in edits of pop hits by the likes of Justin Bieber. Crampton’s first album under her own name, American Drift, is a four-song, 30-minute set bringing together crunk, trap, cumbia, spoken word, crickets, and blaring radio station identifications. American Drift runs deeper when you learn about the ideas that inform it: The Bolivian-American producer described the album as an investigation of her adopted home state Virginia’s history, of brownness, of colonialism. As the bubble for mass-market electronic dance music was about to burst, this individualistic approach distinguished Crampton as a renegade on the rise. –Marc Hogan
Listen: SoundCloud
182.
G.L.O.S.S.: Trans Day of Revenge (2016)
“T.D.O.R.” usually stands for Trans Day of Remembrance, a time to pay tribute to victims of violence in the community. G.L.O.S.S., the Olympia, Washington-based hardcore punk band, flipped the R to “revenge” on the only EP they released before breaking up in 2016. (Their acronymic name was equally bold: "Girls Living Outside Society's Shit.") With Trans Day of Revenge, G.L.O.S.S. railed against the cultural tropes that so often diminish a trans woman's life into a narrative of muted tragedy. Inflamed and incandescent, lead singer Sadie Switchblade's yowl scorches anyone who would tell her to shut up, stay docile, wait her turn. “When peace is just another word for death/It’s our turn to give violence a chance,” she screams in the opening bars against the roar of distorted electric guitar, just before a typhoon of drums crashes in. Continuing in the riot grrrl tradition of flashing sharpened teeth at embedded patriarchal violence, G.L.O.S.S. burned bright in their brief time together, leaving behind a relic of pure and righteous anger. –Sasha Geffen
Listen/Buy: Bandcamp
181.
Jamila Woods: LEGACY! LEGACY! (2019)
On her second album, R&B singer Jamila Woods grapples with the present by looking to the past. Each track is an ode to one of her inspirations, most of them women of color. Sometimes she writes directly from their perspective, but more often she draws from her subjects’ lives and adapts their words to her own life. She channels Eartha Kitt’s self-assuredness, then Frida Kahlo’s sense of balance in romantic relationships; Zora Neale Hurston reminds her that she is allowed to contain multitudes. Pulling from so many texts and thinkers, LEGACY! LEGACY! is theoretically dense, but it flows like honey. Woods’ voice is rich and velvety, and the album’s grounding in emotional truths makes it accessible and immediate. –Vrinda Jagota
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
180.
Chvrches: The Bones of What You Believe (2013)
On paper, it shouldn’t work: Two grizzled veterans of dour, navel-gazing Glasgow post-rock bands team up with a young singer raised on third-wave emo. They make bright, shiny synth-pop that is entirely self-written and self-produced, but is so immaculately constructed, it feels like it was built by a team of scientists. And yet, in 2013, The Bones of What You Believe served as the ideal wake-up call for those stumbling blearily out of the chillwave daze. On soaring songs like “The Mother We Share,” “We Sink,” and “Recover,” Lauren Mayberry’s crystalline voice deconstructs fractured relationships with beguiling poetics and brutal honesty, while the music swells with a mastery of dancefloor dynamics that nods to New Order and Depeche Mode. On their debut album, Chvrches ushered in a new era of dance pop with an indie soul. A thousand Spotify-core bands bloomed in their wake, but none could ever capture the same magic. –Amy Phillips
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
179.
Shabazz Palaces: Black Up (2011)
There isn’t as much room for mystery in music now as there was in 2009, when Shabazz Palaces crept onto the scene. Two EPs, sparse cover art, conceptual experimental music—at first, this is all we knew. By the time Black Up dropped, we knew the group was led by Ishmael Butler (formerly of Digable Planets) and multi-instrumentalist Tendai Maraire, but their biographies didn’t matter; they had effectively let their music do the talking. Black Up is drowned in murky instrumentals and bombastic, introspective rhymes. The sounds flirt with jazz, but also root themselves in a firm understanding of silence, or the sparse magic of simplicity. The songs teem with unexpected climaxes, like when “Free Press and Curl” veers straight into gospel, or the way "Recollections of the Wraith" seems to wrestle with itself before settling on a rush of soaring vocals in the chorus. From great mystery exploded an album of impossible vision. –Hanif Abdurraqib
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
178.
Savages: Silence Yourself (2013)
The post-punk hero of the decade wore pink stilettos onstage and made monogamy sound as appealing as anthrax. Jehnny Beth, frontwoman of Savages, sang with a sinister and a heavy-lidded hauteur, adding omnidirectional disdain for all things patriarchal and vanilla. Below her, terse, voluble bass and severe toms also nodded back to another era, one more restrictive to women as bold as the ones in this London band.
Savages’ debut came almost secondary to their quick mythology—their live show was explosive from the jump, a salve for those who missed the dark, sweaty scenes that predated them. But Silence Yourself carries every bit of that adrenaline; in its coiled, sparking guitars and rabid screams, it warns of the dangers of technology while weaponizing its potential. Too loudly to be ignored, it disputes complacent norms: Maybe marriage isn’t idyllic, but asphyxiating. Maybe an endless stream of information isn’t edifying, but toxic. And maybe a clarinet solo does belong in the year’s most casually brutal rock album. Suddenly, the alternatives sounded ancient. –Stacey Anderson
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
177.
Margo Price: All American Made (2017)
Margo Price toiled for years to become an overnight sensation: Her acclaimed debut Midwest Farmer's Daughter, released in 2016 on Jack White's Third Man Records, came out after she had spent more than a decade in the Nashville trenches. But that album was a Trojan horse for the thornier sentiments she would smuggle onto the airwaves and stages with her follow-up, All American Made. Price mingles the political and the personal until they're indistinguishable on songs like “Heart of America” and the barnstormer “Cocaine Cowboys,” leading a band that draws on old-school honky tonk rhythms without coming across the least bit revivalist. “Pay Gap” couches its income disparity blues in flourishes of accordion and Lone Star guitar, while the Dylanesque title track wanders a desolate America as Price wonders if her pain—all our pain, actually—might be specific to this place. –Stephen Deusner
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
176.
Gil Scott-Heron: I’m New Here (2010)
When Gil Scott-Heron sampled Kanye West, five years after having his own “Home Is Where the Hatred Is” hook used by West on Late Registration, it felt like a kindly nod from a mentor. Scott-Heron, whose spoken-word vocals so wisely distilled America’s racial and social turmoil in the ’70s and early ’80s, had already served as an invaluable forefather to hip-hop. He had nothing to prove. But even at 62, Scott-Heron still had his ear to the ground. On I’m New Here, his 13th and final studio album before he died in 2011, he doesn’t just swerve into icy, minimalist electronics for the first time—he, along with producer Richard Russell, uses them to bring new friction to his aching, burnished voice. Over 15 tracks of wry philosophizing and solemn reflection, Scott-Heron honors everything in his rearview, from the strong women who shaped his character to the many mistakes that cost him dearly. He seems deeply lonely at times—a secluded insomniac who’s seen it all and knows change is stubborn to come—but at times, he also sounds reinvigorated. It’s a beautiful note he bows out on. –Stacey Anderson
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
175.
Jessie Ware: Devotion (2012)
Arriving at the same time as industrial-strength belters like Adele and Florence Welch, fellow UK singer-songwriter Jessie Ware was an anomaly. After collaborating with post-dubstep acts SBTRKT and Joker, Ware synthesized her love of American hip-hop and R&B with dance music. The result was a preternaturally poised debut filled with a headrush of affection, all delivered in Ware’s elegantly airy voice. Devotion flits between sumptuous pop-R&B and sweeping power ballads, but it’s never missing Ware’s gentle, discerning touch: a surprisingly earworm-y Big Pun sample speeds behind “110%” (later replaced by a soundalike following a clearance dispute with Pun’s estate), while the anthemic “Wildest Moments” gave both Adele and Welch a run for their Top 40 money. Much of Devotion went on to soundtrack TV dramas and romance movies, which feels like a badge of honor: Ware provided a masterclass in mining the ups and downs of romance with an artful, featherlight touch. –Eric Torres
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
174.
Sharon Van Etten: Are We There (2014)
Are We There was a great deepening—of Sharon Van Etten’s emotional range, of the power of her songwriting, and of the potency of her voice, which became an alarmingly physical instrument. The Brooklyn singer-songwriter’s vocals shake her body like a mighty engine, and on primal moments like “Your Love Is Killing Me,” it feels like we were hearing Van Etten literally come apart as she sings. She claws the walls off every word.
Her fourth album, Are We There, was the first to rise from classic soul more than indie rock; the faint organ licks and slow, patient drums are designed to center a torrential voice, the kind that stands pleading at the footlights. That is Van Etten, and her performance is transfixing, exhausting, cleansing. –Jayson Greene
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
173.
Hurray for the Riff Raff: Small Town Heroes (2014)
Alynda Lee Segarra had been releasing albums under the name Hurray for the Riff Raff for years before her ATO Records debut, Small Town Heroes, introduced the Bronx-born, Louisiana-based singer-songwriter to the world at large. A former freight train jumper and street busker, Segarra collects sounds and melodies like postcards from across America, mixing rhythmically lurching New Orleans R&B, rural blues, and Appalachian stomps into a new form of roots music. Small Town Heroes consists mostly of traveling songs—reflections on life as a touring musician—but also the thoughts of a woman who has spent most of her adult existence in transit. She's seen jubilation, tribulation, and cold-blooded murder, but Segarra keeps wandering, as though she can't wait to see what's over the next hill or around the next corner. “We might not be here when next year comes,” she sings on “Small Town Heroes.” “You better live it like you’re on the run.” –Stephen Deusner
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
172.
Popcaan: Where We Come From (2014)
On Where We Come From, Jamaican singer Popcaan’s soothing melodies shine over slick production from Dre Skull, Dubbel Dutch, and other in-demand beatmakers. Together, they jump from silky love ballads to grind-ready bangers. “Love Yuh Bad” is the album’s centerpiece, as Popcaan’s lovestruck lyrics anchor a hip-shaking dancefloor groove. Just as great are the moments when Popcaan fuses the rich sounds of his home with traditional pop bounce, like the scintillating title track. But through all the genre bending and lane-switching, Popcaan is clearly, deeply proud of his dancehall roots. –Alphonse Pierre
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
171.
JPEGMAFIA: Veteran (2018)
Baltimore rapper JPEGMAFIA’s darkly humorous—and occasionally troll-ish—personality is on full display throughout his gleefully unfiltered breakthrough album, Veteran. The Air Force vet’s chaotic stream-of-consciousness flow includes odd references—like to Macaulay Culkin, and to the wrestling theme song that doubles as his producer tag—as well as things he detests, like Morrissey (on a song called “I Cannot Fucking Wait Til Morrissey Dies”). Sometimes he spits with aggression over an airy instrumental ready to be embraced by the SoundCloud community, other times he scream-raps about Tinder and political figureheads over noise music. No matter the specific sound or subject matter, this scatter-brained album can’t help but leave you energized and ready to fight. –Alphonse Pierre
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
170.
Skee Mask: Compro (2018)
On the surface, Brian Müller’s breakthrough album as Skee Mask is an attempt to meld furious drum patterns with gorgeous ambient passages, à la Aphex Twin. But keep listening, and Compro becomes more complicated. The German producer uses the last 20 years of electronic music as a massive sandbox from which to create textured tracks that are familiar enough to be enjoyable, yet mutate enough to constantly surprise. Album opener “Cerroverb” is built on empty space: Cosmic blips burble and then fade away abruptly, like the track is decomposing as you listen. Later, “50 Euro to Break Boost” offers up a gritty breakbeat smeared with foggy synths that hover like a beautiful, toxic rain cloud. With Compro, Müller doesn’t build a world as much as he soundtracks its weirdly beautiful end. –Sam Hockley-Smith
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
169.
Paramore: After Laughter (2017)
It turns out, the incredibly personal connection that a teenage Hayley Williams of Paramore created with her fans back in the Warped Tour days—which many adult critics didn’t acknowledge at the time, as though her band’s pop-punk contained frequencies only teenagers could hear—was strong enough to last the decade and dynamic enough to grow and deepen with age and maturity. Call After Laughter “emo for adults”: Williams wrote an album that feels like a perfect window into the inner turmoil that defines millennials’ state of extended adolescence. Maybe modern Paramore feels as urgent as old Paramore did once because the confusions of young life have lingered longer than expected; maybe no one really ever grows up at all. Or maybe the feeling of release—of clenching your fists and singing along with “Forgiveness” in your bedroom—is just an essential and eternal pleasure, one conjured better by no one than Williams. –Alex Frank
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
168.
Julianna Barwick: The Magic Place (2011)
Singer and ambient composer Julianna Barwick has mentioned the importance of seeing Empire of the Sun, Steven Spielberg’s epic war film, at a formative age. Most crucially, she remembers its score by John Williams, which featured a boys choir singing the Welsh lullaby “Suo Gan.” Her breakthrough album, The Magic Place, summons similar moments of peace amid chaos. Her primary mode of expression is her voice and a loop pedal, layered to feel completely enveloping: the reverb-coated sound of singing and breathing, echoed until you forget where it’s coming from. Arriving early in a decade that would find other young artists drawing inspiration from the once-maligned New Age genre, the album represented a shift in how the underground could embrace the celestial. As the world was getting louder, Barwick was building her own sanctuary, full of light and space and strange enough to feel like home. –Sam Sodomsky
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
167.
(Sandy) Alex G: DSU (2014)
Alex Giannascoli could never be called a frugal songwriter. Undeniably prolific by 2014, he’d amassed a cult fanbase but most of the world didn’t yet know him. DSU, his fifth proper album as Alex G, changed this. Self-recorded in his Philadelphia home, the characters in its 13 songs are often bleak—lovesick fatalists, regretful junkies, and self-proclaimed emotional voids—but in his hands, they transform into slightly haunted, subtly profound stories. His songs are built around catchy, intimate melodies evocative of Elliott Smith at his poppiest, with disorienting flourishes of freakiness, like a pitch-shifted baby voice or sharp blasts of dissonance. Insular without being inaccessible, addictive while still being idiosyncratic, DSU affirmed that the decade’s most singular voices were probably holed up in their bedrooms, waiting to be heard. –Quinn Moreland
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
166.
Nicki Minaj: The Pinkprint (2014)
On her third studio album, The Pinkprint, Nicki Minaj came closest to putting it all together: rapping and singing, EDM and hip-hop, seriousness and ridiculousness. She pared back her straight pop overtures like “Starships” and put her audacious versatility on full display. The Pinkprint’s all-you-can-eat buffet includes the raw autobiography of “All Things Go,” the campy raunch of “Anaconda,” and the Ariana Grande-featuring “Get On Your Knees,” as well as riotous flow showcases like “Want Some More.” Eccentric production is her co-star: There’s the Enya-inspired minimalist synth pop of “I Lied,” the fiery pan-Caribbean groove of “Trini Dem Girls,” and the feel-good dubstep-pop of “The Night Is Still Young.” No one will mistake The Pinkprint for a tightly-constructed masterpiece like its namesake, Jay-Z’s 2001 album The Blueprint, but the album helped add depth and dimension to Minaj’s image and blaze a stylistic trail for future rappers like Cardi B. It would also prove to be the creative high point in Minaj’s decade. –Jason King
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
165.
Jay Som: Everybody Works (2017)
Everybody Works, the Bay Area singer-songwriter Melina Duterte’s first proper album as Jay Som, vaulted her to the main stages and into a new indie-rock vanguard. The songs represent a dizzying crash course in everything that makes the genre great. First single “The Bus Song” veers from coffeehouse strums to gleaming trumpets, from the unspoken dynamics of two friends’ particular relationship, to universally understood concerns like the odor of public transportation. Duterte’s vocals, hushed and conversational, hold everything together: Even when the arrangements plant a sly toe in near-funk territory, it sounds small enough to fit in your pocket and large enough to change your world. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
164.
Hop Along: Painted Shut (2015)
Listening to Frances Quinlan fray her vocals is like watching someone rip a gnarly run in their black tights: Instantly, the whole outfit is rendered punk. On Painted Shut, the breakthrough album from her band Hop Along, Quinlan is on glorious display; her voice scrapes viscerally against the word “picture” in “I Saw My Twin,” the phrase “to post a motivational video” is briefly lent the velocity of an asteroid barreling toward earth in “Happy to See Me.”
Being able to wring emotion out of any word is a gift, but then Quinlan has to rub it in by being one of the most compelling storytellers of her generation, too. In “Powerful Man,” she feels guilty for catching a father beating his child and not pressing the issue with an overwhelmed teacher. Elsewhere, she sings from the perspective of the ’60s folk musician Jackson C. Frank, alluding to tragic moments from his biography and invoking the general unfairness of life with a metaphor about horseshoe crabs. All the while, the rest of the band meets Quinlan’s sharp turns with their own clear-eyed intensity: Her brother Mark Quinlan takes cues from the simple but forceful percussion of grunge drummers like Dave Grohl, while the enthusiastic yet angsty guitars channel classic indie and pop-punk alike. In a decade where the lo-fi solo project often dominated indie music, Hop Along made a strong case for honest-to-goodness rock bands, one pummeling performance at a time. –Jillian Mapes
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
163.
Meek Mill: Dreamchasers 2 (2012)
In May 2012, Meek Mill effectively broke the rap internet: Dreamchasers 2 caused the mixtape site DatPiff to crash en route to becoming the most downloaded release in its history. The project marked a turning point in the Maybach Music Group signee’s career, when he moved out of Rick Ross’ shadow and deepened his sound. Most notably, on “Amen,” with Drake and Jeremih, the Philly rapper slowed down his flurry of a flow; he had the wealth of time on his side.
But even on a project this victorious, legal woes haunted Mill. His contemplative rework of Drake’s “The Ride” devotes many lines to Philadelphia assistant district attorney Noel DeSantis, who would face off against him in the courtroom seven months after DC2’s release, when Judge Genece Brinkley prohibited Meek from traveling outside of his hometown to perform. (Brinkely’s decisions on Mill’s legal problems would only grow more troublesome.) To the hip-hop world, DC2 made Meek untouchable, as powerful a star as he’d ever been. But inside the criminal justice system, he was at the mercy of others, forced to fight like he’d been doing since he was a teenager. –Ross Scarano
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
162.
Sturgill Simpson: Metamodern Sounds in Country Music (2014)
Sturgill Simpson’s music is rooted in modern country, but he’s also part of the proud heritage of “cosmic country,” a spacey descendant of Rhodes scholar Kris Kristofferson and Kahlil Gibran-quoting Willie Nelson. On his breakout album, Metamodern Sounds in Country Music, Simpson braided together no less than Jesus, Buddha, and “reptile aliens made of light” in the very first song. From there, the Kentucky native managed to dig deeper into his earthy roots of while also wandering even further into galaxy-brain thought. Simpson still refuses to be penned in and Metamodern Sounds in Country Music is when he started to elevate. –Andy Beta
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
161.
The 1975: I like it when you sleep… (2016)
The 1975 have come a long way over the last decade. Matty Healy and co. have morphed from a spunky buzz band with a few bratty, glossy singles into the act that best captures the anxious modern condition—or, at least, has the ambition to try. The band’s second album, I like it when you sleep…, is the moment when their skills caught up with that ambition. Instead of sticking with sleek Phoenix-esque pop-rock, the band opens themselves to a wide range of influences: the sleek pop of the ’80s, neo-soul, shoegaze, and heartfelt acoustic balladry. Not every single lyric landed, but they met each clunker with a line that captured exactly what it’s like to live in this moment. Take this one at the center of “A Change of Heart”: “You said I’m full of diseases, your eyes were full of regret/And then you took a picture of your salad and put it on the internet.” That perfect balance between anguish and absurdity is what makes the 1975 feel so relevant, and so resonant. –Jamieson Cox
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
160.
Noname: Room 25 (2018)
Noname once quipped that her style is “lullaby rap,” in reference to her soft timbre and relaxed cadence. It was a great tweet, but lullabies didn’t deserve the co-sign: Room 25 isn’t putting anyone to sleep. She breathlessly details her inner life and the world with singular introspection and grace. Choice words for the prison system, wasteman boyfriends, pandering politicians, and Noname herself give the record a patina of seriousness, but she is as amused as she is agitated. From the frank sex raps to the constant boasts to the in-your-face cleverness, a giddy energy animates Room 25 and sells its free spirit. The album is the sound of a rapper realizing her powers and testing them for herself and no one else. When she says, “You really thought a bitch couldn’t rap?” it feels like both a wisecrack and a statement of purpose. –Stephen Kearse
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
159.
Pallbearer: Foundations of Burden (2014)
Arkansas doom metal band Pallbearer rose above the pack through sheer ambition. The emotional intensity and velocity of their songs suggest open spaces instead of dimly lit basements, singing along over solitary headbanging. For all the misery and pain conjured by their music, played at slow speeds with infinite layers of guitars, their records can feel oddly uplifting. Some of that is due to the soaring vocals of Brett Campbell, but the real magic lies in the band’s songwriting. Their epic song lengths become templates for dazzling melodies, classic rock choruses, and solos as memorable as the hooks. On their sophomore album, Foundations of Burden, Pallbearer cleaned up their sound, stripping away the murk of earlier releases. Near the end of the record is “Ashes,” the atmospheric interlude that’s a prerequisite for any serious doom metal album. Far from filler, it’s a masterfully composed, pop-leaning ballad. –Sam Sodomsky
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
158.
Sleigh Bells: Treats (2010)
The intro to Treats is exhilarating: two quick cherry-bomb pummels, guitars and brass blown up huge enough to make engineers quiver and listeners thrill. The sound is physical, designed to rattle rooms. It wasn’t much like the previous music made by Derek Miller, who was in a metalcore band, or Alexis Krauss, who in her teens was part of a Cheetah Girls-ish girl group. In fact, it wasn’t like much else at all.
The newness of Treats lends itself to metaphors: It’s like you took an old issue of YM magazine, shot it, sampled the gunshots, then wrote lyrics out of the tattered snippets about braces, illicit drugs, “dumb whores, best friends,” and beach bashes. It was pure pop as concentrate. Come 2019, Treats still sounds like nothing else around, but for a different reason—unlike most pop music today, it has negative chill. (It also doesn't sound like Sleigh Bells these days, who have inevitably done a sonic pivot.) But echoes of it can be found: PC Music took the art-pop roots and a few of the sounds—the sonar-like pings of “Run the Heart,” the Jock Jams synths—and made them more candy-colored. Artists like Lorde and Billie Eilish revel in Sleigh Bells’ distortion, and in their upending and mocking the bubblegum tropes that, in another era, they may have become. –Katherine St. Asaph
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
157.
The 1975: A Brief Inquiry Into Online Relationships (2018)
The 1975’s Matt Healy described his internal monologue—actually out loud—to the New York Times thusly: “I’m Jim Morrison. Am I Jim Morrison? I’m sorry that I’m Jim Morrison. I’m [expletive] Jim Morrison!” On A Brief Inquiry Into Online Relationships, Healy’s relentless self-belief paid off, his flailing coalesced into dramatic gestures, and he finally nailed the part he auditioned himself for. He is magnetic and empathetic and tender and unbearably silly, all at once and all of the time, and so is the music, which smears together Auto-Tune, orchestras, glam-rock guitars, and entire showrooms full of 1980s synths.
Across the album’s 15 songs, Healy wants to verbalize every racing thought in your fevered brain: your boredom, your callow judgments, your sudden bouts of existential terror and your equally sudden bursts of inexplicable lust, your opinions on how whiskey tastes and the sound of your Twitter feed imprinting itself on your neural cortex. On an album stuffed with wry quotables, the funniest might be “I’ve just got one more thing to say.” –Jayson Greene
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
156.
Jenny Lewis: The Voyager (2014)
Jenny Lewis’ third solo album is a nostalgic swan dive into past lives, as sprawling as Lewis’s own impressive turn from child actor to rock poet. Scattered memories appear like flipped tarot cards—plane tickets to Paris as a teenager, the Twin Towers falling, a punch in the drywall during an argument—melting into a colorful but weary montage over sunny ’80s new wave and ’70s rock. Some song hit close to home, like the dryly funny “Just One of the Guys,” a meditation on sexism and ageism in music. Others are far more distant, like Lewis gushing about a future wedding and the faded romance that follows it on the deceptively bubbly “Love U Forever.” Armed with a perfect rainbow Nudie suit, Lewis asserted herself as a mature, somewhat wistful rock veteran, and took her rightful place as a bona fide solo star. –Hazel Cills
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
155.
21 Savage / Metro Boomin: Savage Mode (2016)
In the middle of the decade, Metro Boomin was the most bankable producer in hip-hop. He helped auteurs like Future flesh out their sounds and kept Drake on top of the world with beats that were pulsing, punishing, and ahead of the curve. So it’s strange that the greatest thing he’s done sounds nothing like his catalog of louder hits, and sounds like virtually none of the other mainstream rap produced this century.
Savage Mode plays like a dream sequence, where 21 Savage’s half-whisper sinks into what sounds like fraying, muddy silk. It’s not dissimilar to ambient music, but things that exist as atmosphere are seldom this unsettling. Together, Metro and 21 make having sex in lavish hotels with jewelry swinging against your chest sound like a completely foreign experience—not just the price of the room or the chains, but the sensation of having things touch your neck, the unnatural feel of the bedsheets. It’s a terrible, tranquil body high that ends too soon. –Paul A. Thompson
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
154.
Mica Levi: Under the Skin OST (2014)
With her soundtrack to Jonathan Glazer’s 2013 body horror film Under the Skin, the electronic musician and composer Mica Levi drew on the dissonance of avant-garde icons like John Cage and Gyorgy Ligeti, adding her own, distinct chill. Throughout the score, violas, cellos, and drum machines are slowed down to grim effect, perfectly mirroring Scarlett Johansson’s performance as a seductive, murderous alien. Beyond amplifying the visuals, Levi explored the pure physicality of noise: the thrum of blood rushing to the head, the prickling of small hairs, a soft touch, or the sensation of an otherworldly lifeform drinking you down to your last drop. –Andy Beta
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
153.
Purple Mountains: Purple Mountains (2019)
David Berman’s final album followed a long period of silence, and his isolation echoed through the music. His comeback after abandoning Silver Jews in 2009 found him contemplating the struggles of maintaining relationships, faith, confidence, and hope as you get older. “Things have not been going well,” he announces wearily in its opening track, and the songs that follow prove this to be something of an understatement. Although bleak, the music never wallows, thanks to the cozily upbeat arrangements from his new backing band (featuring members of Woods) and his peerless lyrics. His writing remained as complex, funny, and smart as any of his classic work, from the songwriting-as-therapy spiral of “Storyline Fever” to the color-coded purgatory in “Margaritas at the Mall.” In the wake of Berman’s death—just a month after the album’s release and days before a scheduled tour—fans lit up the internet telling stories, sharing photos, and citing his best lyrics, many of which came from these songs. His voice never felt louder or more vital. –Sam Sodomsky
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
152.
Arctic Monkeys: AM (2013)
The influence of hip-hop acts—especially Mike Skinner’s the Streets—could be heard in the lyrics of Arctic Monkeys right from the start. But it wasn’t until their fifth studio album, AM, that the Sheffield band fully reflected that influence in their music. On AM, they bent these sounds to their will so casually it was breathtaking. Who could have foreseen that the Monkeys’ spartan guitar riffs would sit so well over a muscular, Dr. Dre-style beat on “Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High?” Or that Alex Turner’s wily vocal hooks on songs like “Do I Wanna Know?” could have so much in common with the lyrical strut of the best MCs? AM was a giant, cocksure beast that seemed entirely happy with its place in the world, making it one of the few indie rock hits of the 2010s that sounded like it genuinely belonged in the decade’s pop mainstream. –Ben Cardew
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
151.
Lady Gaga: The Fame Monster (2009)
At first, Lady Gaga seemed like a slightly smarter-than-usual dance-pop hopeful and nothing more. But then came “Bad Romance.” A gothic psychodrama draped around a titanic club banger, accompanied by an instantly iconic music video in which she stoically burns a man to death, the song announced Gaga as a true force to be reckoned with.
“Bad Romance” kicked off The Fame Monster, a collection of eight songs released as a deluxe edition of Gaga’s 2008 debut album, The Fame. (Yes, we know: The Fame Monster was technically released in late November 2009. But for something that cast such a long shadow over this decade, we’re making an exception.) Other than the supremely fun, Beyoncé-featuring “Telephone” (originally written for Britney Spears!), none of these songs sounded like anything else released at the time. They’re bizarre and jarring, full of references to death, dangerous sex, Hitchcock movies, and eating brains. (There’s also “Speechless,” an unabashedly retro power ballad that Meat Loaf would have killed for.) The Fame Monster’s release kicked off an arms race of pop kookiness: Suddenly, it seemed like everyone from Katy Perry to Nicki Minaj to Kesha was falling all over themselves to out-weird each other. But nobody’s freak flag ever flew higher than Gaga’s. –Amy Phillips
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
150.
Playboi Carti: Playboi Carti (2017)
Before he emerged from the shadows with his eponymous debut mixtape, Playboi Carti was an enigma: The Atlanta native's SoundCloud page was a secret hiding in plain sight, spoken about with gatekeeping whispers, and his leaked tracks were passed around the internet like contraband. Playboi Carti brought substance to the growing mythology surrounding him, as he established himself as a rapper willing to bend genres and switch styles on a whim. On the tape, Carti emphasized his narcotized delivery and ad-libs while adding polish to his dreamy sound with help from producer Pi’erre Bourne. Songs like the hypnotizing “Magnolia” brought Carti’s ability to create an entire aura around snippets of songs to the mainstream, making rap that was just as enjoyable in a 30-second Instagram clip as it was blaring in full from a car speaker. –Alphonse Pierre
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
149.
Mac DeMarco: 2 (2012)
Love him or hate him, Mac DeMarco’s influence on an entire generation of bedroom-pop acts and would-be scum-rock wunderkinds is tough to overstate. His breakout album, 2, established his penchant for cigarettes, zany antics, and quietly compelling songwriting. Throughout, the then-22-year-old Canadian waxes drolly on addiction and suburban sedation, intertwining his laid-back voice with flanged guitar work. His devil-may-care attitude can be seen in live videos from the period, where he would walk out with a beat-to-hell guitar that was falling out of tune, its un-clipped strings dangling from the headstock, and proceed to make not giving a shit look like the most alluring—and even admirable—way of life. This was when he was at his most free, before he was saddled with the expectations of being indie rock’s class clown, before his music took him to high places no one could have ever foreseen. –Noah Yoo
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
148.
Nicolas Jaar: Space Is Only Noise (2011)
At the beginning of the 2010s, the echoes of peak chillwave lingered in the air, and a sample of rushing water typically indicated the onset of a feel-good, uncomplicated song. Nicolas Jaar's debut album begins with splashing sounds, but it quickly sidesteps the path toward easy bliss. There's menace lurking beneath the producer's work, a ghostly energy that opens up in his understated beats and sinewy basslines. Percussive guitars and close-miked vocals bleed into waves of reverb. During the early-’10s glut of bro EDM and bubbling chillwave, Jaar found magic in restraint, leaving enough space in his music to give the impression of a nefarious presence always lurking around the corner, of a young artist eager to play the notes that aren't there. –Sasha Geffen
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
147.
The National: High Violet (2010)
High Violet has the swimmy quality that comes with making sense of a new reality. It was the first National album to really incorporate guitarists Aaron and Bryce Dessner’s experimental tendencies, making what was solid and plainly beautiful on Boxer fractious and unreliable—not a fake empire, but a treacherous one. Frontman Matt Berninger feels separated from lovers, from home, from the person he was and the one he is becoming. To survive, he makes depression, debt, and self-destruction into sublime cosmic jokes at his own mopey, myopic expense. It was the last time Berninger’s lyrics were perfectly congruent with the times, an existentialist eclipse before he became more character than chronicler. Once adulthood fits, it’s hard to remember how it once didn’t. –Laura Snapes
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
146.
Sheer Mag: Compilation (2017)
There are two kinds of punk bands: nihilists and life lovers. Philly group Sheer Mag have spent their five-year existence attesting to the power of the latter. With shimmying, riffy protest rock and the coolest of neo-heavy-metal-style band logos, Sheer Mag became underground heroes this decade for their sticky songwriting and their principled independence. Like hardcore icons Black Flag and Minor Threat before them, Sheer Mag laid the foundation with a string of EPs, then rounded them up with the no-filler Compilation, still their high-water mark. It’s full of songs about gentrification, crooked cops, slumlords, yuppies, old-fashioned heartbreak, and other trials and tribulations that eat away at Generation Y’s more critically minded members. The music can be aching, swaggering, and celebratory—but it all feels designed to help us live. –Jenn Pelly
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music
145.
Chief Keef: Finally Rich (2012)
When Chief Keef’s major-label debut came out in 2012, it was scrutinized to a degree rap hadn't seen since the moral panic days of the ’90s. Here was a hardened teen from the most neglected corners of Chicago making music that reflected—and, yes, romanticized—the violence he came up around. Keef was more clever and more in control of his vision than his detractors gave him credit for, though, and his minimalist wordplay served to emphasize his monumental hooks. Finally Rich was drill’s great crossover event, polishing the rapper's nihilistic imagining of trap just enough for the radio without compromising its fundamental menace. Even after Interscope and the A-listers who'd been so eager to jump on his remixes cast him aside following this album, Keef continued to make inventive, influential music throughout the decade. But Finally Rich remains his pinnacle, and a best-case scenario for what can happen when a street-tested sound meets a big-time budget. –Evan Rytlewski
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
144.
PJ Harvey: Let England Shake (2011)
On her eighth studio album, released two decades into her remarkable career, Polly Jean Harvey explores England’s military history, from World War I to the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan, with sharp, journalistic observance and poetic grace. Moving from English folk to Jamaican reggae, and from dark comedy to just darkness, she examines the nature of conflict itself and the raw human tragedy that lies at its center. A thread of weary nostalgia weaves its way through these 12 brief but devastating songs, shot through with despair at human inability to learn from our mistakes. It’s an album that hits right in the gut, timeless yet horribly timely, locally specific yet globally relevant. –Ben Cardew
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
143.
Weyes Blood: Titanic Rising (2019)
On Titanic Rising, Natalie Mering’s fourth album as Weyes Blood, she combats dread through empathetic songs that are propelled by a masterful understanding of lush, ’70s pop harmonics. Mering’s willowy voice gives her warnings about the most hellish aspects of life a graceful air, as best exemplified on Titanic Rising’s penultimate track, “Picture Me Better,” a letter to a friend who died by suicide during the recording of the album. “Waiting for the call from beyond,” Mering lilts, as old-world Hollywood strings swell underneath her. “Waiting for something with meaning to come through soon.” –Noah Yoo
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
142.
Fennesz: Agora (2019)
Using computers to turn sounds into alien shapes now feels like a given, but at the turn of the century, guitarist and producer Christian Fennesz’s audacious noise- and pop-smearing work suggested strange, glitchy new worlds. Two decades on, the Austrian ambient artist suddenly found himself without a studio space, so he resorted to doing what so many teens do, jamming away in his bedroom on headphones. But even in such homely environs, he operates like an old master, patiently layering guitars and electronics one downstroke at a time until it all accrues into a vast canvas of distorted bliss. Agora boasts both the most expansive and most finely detailed soundscapes of his career. Contemplative and visceral, blurred and acute, the album upholds Fennesz as the 21st century’s finest romantic futurist. –Andy Beta
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
141.
Rick Ross: Rich Forever (2012)
Rick Ross’ best work happens when he’s completely, utterly divorced from reality. Case in point: His 2012 mixtape Rich Forever, in which the former prison guard fully embraces his villainous kingpin persona, casting himself as the hardboiled antihero of his own blockbuster action franchise. Forgoing the decadent, red-velvet soul of his studio albums, Rich Forever emphasizes tight, IMAX-sized instrumentals. From the searing synthesizers of “High Definition” to the brutalist, grinding trap of “Yella Diamonds,” nearly every beat is as mammoth and monumental as Ross’ brontosaurus grunt. And at a time when rappers like Drake and Kendrick were prioritizing grounded, personal statements, Ross doubled down on fantasy. There isn't a single claim on Rich Forever that a fact checker could verify, and the mixtape is better for it. –Evan Rytlewski
Listen/Buy: Tidal
140.
Parquet Courts: Sunbathing Animal (2014)
In an era when indie rock got cozier than ever with the pop mainstream, Parquet Courts preferred to be left alone. After breaking through with 2012’s delightful and funny Light Up Gold, their follow-up album, Sunbathing Animal, made the band an unlikely pillar of modern American rock. The record cultivates an air of hyper-rational individuals thwarted by modern mania; its surrealist screeds transform, upon inspection, into pleas for sanity. Andrew Savage and Austin Brown emit a flurry of barely formed questions: How do you navigate the enduring challenges of love and passion amid labor exploitation, political cruelty, and the specter and spectacle of American violence? The music runs then crawls, plays dumb then flaunts frills. To hide genius hooks in songs so slack is audacious, the mark of a band either certain you’re paying attention or the complete opposite. –Jazz Monroe
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
139.
Emeralds: Does It Look Like I’m Here? (2010)
With Does It Look Like I’m Here?, the experimental Ohio trio Emeralds ascended toward more melodic, starry atmospheres without losing any of the density and power of their previous sound. In shorter songs full of rising arpeggios and drifting guitar lines, they layered loops and doused the stereo spectrum in glittering accents. Channeling the synth explorations of the ’70s and the dreamy ambience of the ’80s, they presaged the New Age pop revival that would flourish throughout the decade. Though they would only make one more album together, the subsequent solo work of Mark McGuire, Steve Hauschildt, and John Elliot continued to uphold the idea that soothing, space-bound music can be just as edgy and complex as harsh noise. –Marc Masters
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
138.
Alabama Shakes: Sound & Color (2015)
Alabama Shakes’ second album begins with a song about an astronaut who has been shot into space on a mission to find a new planet where the human race can settle and start over. And thus, Sound & Color subverted almost everything we’d come to expect about a band that had been positioned as saviors of back-to-basics rock’n’roll: what frontwoman Brittany Howard was singing about, how the music sounded, even which planets they visit. There’s something alien about songs like “Future People” (about meeting the you of 10 or 20 years on), but Howard’s concerns can be earthly as well: losing a lover with a Mickey Mouse tattoo on “Miss You,” paying the water and power bills on “Don’t Wanna Fight.” The Shakes groove and vamp like the Swampers from Mars, with Howard shouting and crooning and squealing like Bowie by way of Etta James. Sound & Color is grounded in Southern soul, but the band’s gaze is fixed on the heavens. –Stephen Deusner
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
137.
A$AP Rocky: LIVE.LOVE.A$AP (2011)
LIVE.LOVE.A$AP feels like one of the first hip-hop projects that could not have existed without the internet. Marked by A$AP Rocky’s straightforward delivery and “I’m the shit” attitude, the 2011 mixtape is rooted in the rapper’s Harlem upbringing, but the sound of the project is pulled from scenes across the country that Rocky and his crew fell in love with online: The chopped vocals are true to Houston’s lean-infused drip, the dark themes are directly influenced by SpaceGhostPurrp’s Miami-based Raider Klan, and the cloudy production is built on a style that was thriving in California through artists like Main Attrakionz and Lil B. Along with producer Clams Casino, Rocky brought a new flavor to these styles—not rehashing existing ideas, but entwining them with his own to create something unbound by regional lines. –Alphonse Pierre
Listen: DatPiff
136.
Tim Hecker: Ravedeath, 1972 (2011)
When Tim Hecker released Ravedeath, 1972 in 2011, critics interpreted the Canadian producer’s clash of organic pipe organ and synthetic corrosion as a comment on music’s chances of survival in a digital world. In 2019, that matter seems superficial compared to Ravedeath’s unavoidable contemporary resonance. Its grimy, eddying tundras are nothing less than an omen of our promised apocalypse, where decay has defeated living matter and noise has drowned out signal. The music, however, remains gorgeous and rooted in the metaphysical. While the forlorn cirrus wisps that writhe and glimmer through the static don’t offer anything so trite as optimism, they cast the ruins in the sobering relief that elevates Ravedeath, 1972 from ambient reverie to enduringly urgent confrontation. –Laura Snapes
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
135.
Fleet Foxes: Helplessness Blues (2011)
The making of Fleet Foxes’ second album was fraught, due in no small part to the success of their first. Robin Pecknold and co. wondered how to trust their instincts without leaning on formula, and fretted about the reception that awaited their new music. These worries form a backdrop for Helplessness Blues, the unmistakable work of uneasy hearts. Starting with the scene-setting intonation that opens the record (“So now I am older”), Pecknold’s melancholy tenor heralded a decade of discourse about millennial anxiety. He paints an indelible portrait of fading young-adulthood—diverging from the path set by parents, searching for place and purpose, falling out of relationships that have dried up. Above all, Pecknold questions his ability—and will—to be anything other than, as he describes it on the title track, “a functioning cog in some great machinery.” These complicated fears offer a foil to the swollen sound that envelopes them. Fleet Foxes’ maximalist folk, with harmonies stacked high as mountains and reverb that could fill caverns, makes feeling small seem epic. –Olivia Horn
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
134.
M83: Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming (2011)
Around the time Anthony Gonzalez wound down the tour for 2008’s Saturdays = Youth, the M83 frontman left France and moved to Los Angeles. The city inspired his biggest, best, and most cinematic album, Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming. These songs are steeped in a kind of magical realism stemming from the intensity of adolescent emotions, full of heart-on-sleeve choruses, slap-bass funk, vintage synth swells, and a desire for home or love or something just out of reach. The album contains a loose narrative that has something to do with brothers and sisters, but you don’t need to know any of the story to get swept up in the neon-lit groove of “Midnight City” or swept away by the tidal wave that is “Steve McQueen.” Gonzalez’s nostalgia is very specific, very personal, and very idiosyncratic, which makes Hurry Up, We’re Dreaming sound so universal and inviting, not to mention sturdy enough to withstand the wave of imitators that sprang up in its wake. –Stephen Deusner
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
133.
Frankie Cosmos: Zentropy (2014)
Greta Kline once quipped that the title of Zentropy, her full-band studio debut as Frankie Cosmos, meant a descent into “zen-ness”: an embrace of one’s surroundings. It’s a clever way of approaching the album, which collapses notions of big and small, sophisticated and rudimentary, serious and funny, until there’s little choice but to accept them all as the same. Zentropy doesn’t feel longer than its 10-song, 17-minute run time, but it feels like more. Tempos careen and stutter unpredictably, lyrical motifs bleed between tracks. Gigantic feelings go supernova out of notebook-worthy musings on being “the kind of girl buses splash with rain,” yearning to go dancing, and mourning the death of a dog. Beneath this, Klein filters a ’60s girl-group pop sensibility through the New York deadpan of ’00s anti-folk and the pajama-party whimsy of ’90s K Records. Later Frankie Cosmos albums would go longer, and run no less deep, but with Zentropy, Kline made us one with everything. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
132.
Amen Dunes: Freedom (2018)
The fifth album from Damon McMahon’s hallucinatory rock project Amen Dunes pumps the vapors of bygone rock jams into half-seen visions of the past. McMahon has an eye for the antihero and his vulnerabilities, the fading conscience of modernity. “Pride destroyed me, man/Til it took ahold of me,” he sings over cresting bass on the luscious “Miki Dora,” a sympathetic homage to the surfer icon of hedonism and chaos. A master of the lyrical arched eyebrow, McMahon is capable of conveying total honesty in one line and ironic remove in the next. His band builds a warmly reverbed atmosphere, steadying psychedelic swells and loops against murky rhythm until the air feels rotten with insinuation. Freedom doesn’t feel like an album from this decade; it feels like an album suspended in time. –Anna Gaca
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
131.
Run the Jewels: Run the Jewels 2 (2014)
Run the Jewels were rap’s most thrillingly unlikely success story this decade: El-P, an indie-rap lifer and Killer Mike, an Atlanta rap vet finding new inspiration in each other. When they joined forces, they rapped as if their lives (and ours) depended on it. Run the Jewels 2 was where their uncanny chemistry reached Anarchist Cookbook proportions. It’s an album of virtuosic vulgarity, a pair of underdogs seizing their moment and reaching new heights, both in their cadence-shifting bars and El’s arena-quaking productions. But beneath the bluster, what sets RTJ2 apart is its humanity and prescience: on police brutality, on #MeToo, and on the burgeoning friendship between two world-hardened idealists. No wonder Marvel gave them their own comic books. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
130.
Tame Impala: Lonerism (2012)
At its core, Lonerism is a tightly wound, deeply internal album about what it means to always feel like an outsider. That it gained such a huge following and catapulted Tame Impala into the mainstream is ironic, but not surprising. Throughout the record, classic rock tropes are updated with reverence, memorable riffs are tossed off like they’re in endless supply, and moments of bliss allow for at least an illusion of catharsis: The tongue-in-cheek single “Elephant” is so sure of itself that it practically swaggers, while “Feels Like We Only Go Backwards” is built around blown-out cymbals and a communal hook that happens to be all about frontman Kevin Parker’s own indecision and dashed hopes. If there’s one idea to take away from Tame Impala’s second album, though, it’s that everything repeats itself and nothing is ever really in our control. Frustration never sounded so good. –Sam Hockley-Smith
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
129.
Various Artists: Bangs and Works Vol. 1: A Chicago Footwork Compilation (2010)
In dance music circles, it’s hard to think of a more important recent document than Bangs and Works. While Chicago footwork had been percolating for over 20 years at the time of the compilation’s release, for many people outside the local scene, it proved to be their first experience of the genre’s marriage of breakneck beats with haunting soul samples. Alongside searing examples of the form by pioneers like RP Boo and DJ Rashad, who would go on to take footwork around the world, there’s a DJ Nate track that verges on the spiritual, and a succinct meditation on loving support by Tha Pope. A decade on, Bangs and Works still sounds as fresh and invigorating as the first listen. –Ruth Saxelby
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
128.
Radiohead: A Moon Shaped Pool (2016)
When A Moon Shaped Pool entered the world in May 2016, many of the horrors Radiohead had spent more than two decades warning us about were coming to fruition. Campaigns for Brexit and Trump were spreading odious strains of nationalism. The Earth’s temperature was reaching precipitous new highs. Nefarious companies were harvesting data from tens of millions of Facebook users in order to undermine American democracy. The record also arrived amid acute personal tragedy for Thom Yorke, who had announced a separation from his partner, Rachel Owen, the year prior. (Seven months after its release, Owen died following a long battle with cancer.) It’s no wonder that, according to one scientific analysis, A Moon Shaped Pool was found to be the infamously bleak band’s most depressing album.
And yet the record does not wallow. The stubbornly forward-facing quintet allows itself to look back—most notably with “True Love Waits,” a live fan favorite since the mid ’90s, finally put to tape in the studio—while avoiding self-parody or indulgence. On the luminous ballad “Daydreaming,” Yorke sounds like he’s levitating when he sings, “We are just happy to serve... you.” It’s a nod to the symbiotic bond Radiohead keeps with their listeners through the worst of times, a bond that this album elegantly upholds. –Ryan Dombal
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
127.
Car Seat Headrest: Teens of Denial (2016)
Like his indie rock forefathers in the Replacements, Car Seat Headrest mastermind Will Toledo sounds sincerely undecided about embarking on any kind of grand search for purpose. He feels like a walking piece of shit, which is basically the default state for modern young people. On Teens of Denial, following a prolific run of Bandcamp releases, Toledo comes off like a passive avatar for the feelings he’s channeling. Even when he shakes off the doldrums long enough to rouse his audience into a singalong, it’s with a self-conscious—but nonetheless empowering—line like “I’ve got a right to be depressed!” The beautiful thing about this record is how it doesn’t demand our loyalty, only that we admit we feel the same way. –Jeremy Gordon
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
126.
Panda Bear: Tomboy (2011)
As a follow-up to 2007’s acclaimed Person Pitch (with Animal Collective’s even-more-acclaimed Merriweather Post Pavilion in between), Noah Lennox’s fourth solo album as Panda Bear often seems a vehicle to adjust classic sounds into a new, weird future. Covered in the singer’s rich self-harmonies, the Beach Boys references are almost too easy to make, with the wave-touched “Surfer’s Hymn” perhaps even acting as overt bait. But churning behind those echoing cries are any number of marginally identifiable sounds—fast-cycling bells? backwards pianos?—that flicker like reflections in dark water. Brimming with dubby modern psychedelia, Tomboy may be more like a VR beach than a surf-and-sand one, but it offers just as many pretty sunsets. –Jesse Jarnow
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
125.
Yves Tumor: Safe in the Hands of Love (2018)
With their third album, Safe in the Hands of Love, Sean Bowie took a hacksaw to the very idea of experimental music. They ripped into entrenched notions about its sound and audience, then stood back to admire the glorious mess. Still, the producer-singer’s opposing musical textures cohere astonishingly well: R&B grooves meld into sinister spoken-word interludes, sensuous cellos and militaristic chopper sounds share space. Bowie tugs at the ear with teases of pop before abruptly morphing into something far more severe. They often invert foreground and background, retreating to near-tuneless vocal melodies that act more as scaffolding than centerpiece within their heady brew of electronics. Amid the tumult, Safe in the Hands of Love examines the tension between being held, being confined, and the rare instances where the two conditions meet. The album itself occupies a similarly strange intersection: It is both remarkably beautiful and remarkably unnerving. –Olivia Horn
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
124.
Real Estate: Days (2011)
There are albums on this list excavated from the darkest pits of despair, ones that irrevocably reshaped the sound of pop, and ones that will be commemorated by future generations as crucial documents of the decade’s political turmoil. And then there’s Real Estate’s second album, Days, which people turned to when they wanted something that just sounded good. If that seems like damning praise, consider how hard it can be to face the challenge of substantiating serenity, of finding validation for the ambient sadness and fleeting joys that make up most of life, of appreciating the past without being trapped in it. With this album, Real Estate casually perfected a novel form of crisp, interlocking jangle that could’ve been sourced from any point in the last 35 years. Days’ most enduring image is a pair of names carved into a tree—fitting for an album that will always be right where you left it, exactly how you remember it. –Ian Cohen
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
123.
Deafheaven: Sunbather (2013)
Singer George Clarke and guitarist Kerry McCoy recorded their first demos as Deafheaven while living with 12 other people in an old nunnery in San Francisco’s Mission District, their call-center jobs barely lucrative enough to cover a combined $500 in rent. Listening to the opening notes of their sophomore album, you can’t help but get the sense that they are trying to escape: Clarke screams like a man in fear for his own life as the song’s frenzied guitar tremolos and ragged blast-beats sound like they are trying to outrun each other. To the chagrin of black metal and hardcore purists, Deafheaven also seemed determined to evade any distinctions between one brand of wall-of-sound catharsis and another, teetering endlessly between ecstatic chaos and the melodic romance of ’90s shoegaze and post-rock. But focusing on Sunbather’s surface prettiness ignores the sheer scale of its compositional ambition, its brocaded sonic sub-plots and gut-punching crescendos channeling the go-for-broke ambition of people with nothing to lose. –Emilie Friedlander
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
122.
Snail Mail: Lush (2018)
How does Lush manage to sound so radiant? After a series of defining teenage experiences—lust burning so bright you can’t sleep at night, crushing heartbreak, getting so drunk you can’t see straight—Lindsey Jordan immediately put those feelings to tape, capturing them at their greatest intensity. There’s more to Snail Mail’s debut album than her gripping guitar playing, whether she’s unfurling gentle melodies or slicing out unforgettable riffs. There’s more still beyond her clean, expressive voice, which conveys a sense of wonder and boundless curiosity. The root of Jordan’s precocious, multifaceted talent is her writing, and the way she can cut to the core of a complicated feeling with just a few words. Look at the chant that closes “Heat Wave”: “I’m feeling low/I’m not into ‘sometimes.’” What more needs to be said about someone who makes you happy occasionally but will never make you whole? –Jamieson Cox
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
121.
The Hotelier: Home, Like Noplace Is There (2014)
Even for an emo record, Home, Like Noplace Is There is unflinching in its depiction of constant crisis. From beginning to end, it details one calamity after another—some merely deflating, others catastrophic, including incidents of addiction, abuse, and suicide. It’s a lot, and sometimes Home is almost too effective at conjuring the panic of barely holding it together when the people we care for need us the most. But the album balances its strife with jumpy pop-punk hooks, and never grows numb to suffering or loses its drive to uplift. Instead, what emerges is a portrait of contagious empathy. –Evan Rytlewski
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
120.
Tyler, the Creator: Flower Boy (2017)
Throughout Flower Boy, Tyler, the Creator appears to recount the tale of a bygone romance with a male lover, describing their magical connection on “Glitter” and mourning their end on the wistful “See You Again.” He also uses their story as a device to reveal more about himself than he ever has before. Over sweeping, orchestral funk arrangements, he earnestly addresses his anxieties about fame, his paranoia about being canceled were he to come out, and the terrifying reality of police brutality. He takes stock of his emotional development, too, as he raps on “Where This Flower Blooms” with pride: “I rock, I roll, I bloom, I grow.” It marks Tyler’s departure from the artist he was—a trouble-making scoundrel who used homophobic slurs and graphic imagery throughout his incendiary songs—to a more compassionate rapper, ready to embrace the softer parts of his personality. The album blossoms with hope, making it Tyler’s most expansive project yet. –Michelle Kim
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
119.
Girlpool: Before the World Was Big (2015)
Girlpool’s first full-length record is a study in tiny worlds and overflowing hearts. Avery Tucker and Harmony Tividad were still teenagers when they wrote these humble songs with bass and guitar, and there is something so profoundly young adult about Before the World Was Big. The album encapsulates what it’s like to walk through your hometown and realize you don’t live there anymore, or to suffer a serious heartbreak for the first time; on "Chinatown," Tucker and Tividad pose question after question about their own existences and whether they are capable of being loved. The duo went on to make more ambitious records, but Before the World Was Big will always be their spare, indelible reminder to notice what it feels like to be alive while you still think you’re invincible. –Sophie Kemp
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
118.
Leonard Cohen: You Want It Darker (2016)
Leonard Cohen was too grand a figure to let death sneak up on him. Instead, he graciously accepted its approach and courted the void with one final masterpiece. You Want It Darker arrived just weeks before Cohen died at 82, still a goliath of his form. It is a profound work that addresses a man’s end, and what he must let go of once he gets there. Cohen’s legendary baritone is leagues deeper than before, perhaps sunk by the weight of his subject matter. On the title track, he sounds as though he’s been living off a steady diet of cigars and scotch; his grumbles are foreboding, even sinister, against the synagogue choir that echoes him.
Cohen’s repetition of the word “hineni,” Hebrew for “here I am,” is one of the record’s most chilling moments—his humble surrender to a greater power. You Want It Darker is full of these concessions: he sings of relinquishing life, love, and libido throughout its sparse yet rich compositions. His ability to examine mortality with such restraint is a testament to his elevated craft—when he sings of letting go and traveling light, it’s with relief. –Madison Bloom
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
117.
Death Grips: The Money Store (2012)
That ringing sensation in your head from the crossed streams of cable news and political discourse? That’s The Money Store. Every time you’re digitally assaulted by millions of loud voices creating nothing but noise? Pure, unadulterated The Money Store. Recorded (improbably) at the Chateau Marmont, and released (even more improbably) by the same label that puts out Mariah Carey and Meghan Trainor, Death Grips’ proper debut album captured the barking, unstoppable information overload of the 2010s in a burst of experimental rap and rock. It's a pure thrill to hear: throat-searing vocalist MC Ride, keyboardist Andy Morin, and drummer/producer Zach Hill assault the senses with blasted beats, brutally nonsensical sloganeering, and sour melodies that sound like squeezing a lemon onto a skinned knee. –Larry Fitzmaurice
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
116.
Janelle Monáe: The ArchAndroid (2010)
The ArchAndroid, the debut studio album by Atlanta Renaissance woman Janelle Monáe, foretold her cultural impact on the decade. Its storyline about a messianic android is tied together by apocalyptic rock, jiggling funk, and psychedelic soul, all delivered with cinematic flair. Monáe’s star would continue to rise from here, from her guest vocal on fun.’s ubiquitous “We Are Young,” to her acting roles in Moonlight and Hidden Figures, to an Album of the Year Grammy nomination for 2018’s Dirty Computer. The ArchAndroid is the genesis of it all. –Ben Cardew
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
115.
U.S. Girls: In a Poem Unlimited (2018)
As U.S. Girls mastermind Meghan Remy has evolved from one-person noisemaker to charismatic leader of a cracking rock band, her aesthetic priorities—simple melodies, rich textures, subversive lyrics—have remained steadfast. They’re all perfectly present on In a Poem Unlimited, an unabashed pop album that swings on the surface but gets thorny underneath. Complex verses about sexual dynamics and interpersonal conflict cut through music that reveres nostalgic styles like disco and glam without aping them. Along the way, Remy captures the tension of the times with a rapturous swagger, building a catchy, cathartic response to the world. –Marc Masters
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
114.
Sampha: Process (2017)
When we need to give definition to tough feelings that have no clear shape and no end in sight, no word satisfies like “process.” Grief, sobriety, adulthood, etc. don’t feel so daunting and boundless when they’re “processes”; they take on a structure that they lack as experiences. As Sampha adopts the term to capture the tumult of his mother dying from cancer in 2015, he embraces both its clarity and its dizziness. His delicate, tender voice never disguises the despair at the heart of these songs, yet there’s a striking sense of wonder to his writing, a wide-eyed willingness to find a way to carry on despite the pain.
As hooded figures give chase on “Blood on Me,” a car takes flight on “Under,” and a lone gunman cries for his mother on “Kora Sings,” death takes on a dreamlike quality. The production froths with energy and verve despite the glum backdrop, constantly swirling around Sampha’s fragile falsetto or geysering into open air. Sampha grieves by expressing his sorrow as well as molding it into new forms. “It’s never gonna feel real,’” he once said of his mother’s death, skeptical of the allure of closure. Process takes that dread as a challenge. –Stephen Kearse
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
113.
Japandroids: Celebration Rock (2012)
Of course, an album called Celebration Rock begins with the sound of fireworks—a spectacle that is at once exhilarating and ephemeral, the ecstatic climax to an event that also signals it’s time for everyone to go home. Japandroids spend the next 35 minutes doing whatever they can to delay the moment when the highest of highs must give way to the cruelest of comedowns. The Vancouver duo’s second album condenses all the promise, excess, and regret of an epic all-nighter into an eight-song dusk-to-dawn cycle, like a Dazed and Confused that swaps out bored teens in the ’70s for directionless twenty-somethings in the 21st century. Nostalgia hits like a panic attack, the line between motivational anthem and break-up song gets blurry, and even the most starry-eyed declarations of devotion come embedded with escape clauses for when the thrill is gone. Back in 2009, Japandroids introduced themselves to the world by declaring “Young Hearts Spark Fire.” On Celebration Rock, their relentless effort to keep the flame alive only made them more conscious of the shortening wick. So, of course, an album so fervent yet fleeting also ends with the sound of fireworks. –Stuart Berman
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
112.
Daft Punk: Random Access Memories (2013)
Thomas Bangalter and Guy de-Homem Christo spent more than a million dollars to make their triumphant comeback record, Random Access Memories. It showed. In rejection of the frictionless EDM sounds then at their commercial peak, Daft Punk went straight to the source in their quest to revive some of their favorite analog styles. They booked time in a handful of the world’s most renowned studios to record the disco pioneer Nile Rodgers, several hall-of-fame session musicians, and vocalists including Pharrell and Panda Bear, then painstakingly pieced together their work into songs that span poppy funk, prog, new wave, soft-rock balladry, and even spoken word (courtesy of electro godhead Giorgio Moroder). As a whole, the album plays like an eclectic radio transmission beamed in from an imagined past.
The highlight remains “Touch,” a psychedelic showstopper sung by ’70s songwriter Paul Williams, best known for his work with Barbara Streisand and the Carpenters. At one point in the intricately arranged song, a space-age choir gives way to Williams’ voice—delicate yet firm—backed by nothing but a grand piano. “Sweet touch, you’ve almost convinced me I’m real,” he muses, a mouthpiece for the mysterious duo who remind us just how tangible music can be. –Noah Yoo
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
111.
EMA: Past Life Martyred Saints (2011)
Confessional songwriting in the 2010s had a tendency toward extremes—you had your empowerment narratives, where struggles were introduced and then brushed aside to allow time to wallow in the fabulous now, and you had your nihilistic tales of pill-popping self-hatred. Past Life Martyred Saints, the debut album by Erika Anderson’s project EMA, lives in the complicated middle, a place where the pain is very real but so is the occasional flicker of hope.
Over blues-scuffed alt-rock, Anderson’s characters pull up their sleeves to reveal open wounds and fading scars and speak of an emptiness that makes them want to vomit, but deep down they also believe that someone out there might love them. Later in the decade, Anderson would turn her eye to the political and cultural forces that drive people toward darkness, but Past Life is far too claustrophobic for that kind of perspective. When something heavy is on top of you and pressing down, the only thing you can think about is how to get out from under it. –Mark Richardson
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
110.
Waka Flocka Flame: Flockaveli (2010)
In its gunshot ad-libs and aggressively escalating synths, Waka Flocka Flame’s debut still feels explosive. But with the benefit of hindsight, it’s easier to embrace how an album that once led to think-piecing and hand-wringing about authenticity and struggle is just pure fun, too. As much as you can draw a line from Waka and producer Lex Luger's steamrolling sound to Chief Keef and Young Chop’s gruesome Back From the Dead mixtape, you can also connect Flockaveli to the live-show antics of Travis Scott, rallying the teens to mosh. Though Waka eventually took the EDM route, playing shows at frats and shotgunning beers with undergrads, his debut struck the right balance between harsh realism and recklessness. –Ross Scarano
Listen: Waka Flocka Flame, “Hard in Da Paint”
109.
Julia Holter: Aviary (2018)
Ninety minutes long, with its billowing proportions blown out in strings, horns, choirs, harp, percussion, synthesizers, reeds, bagpipes, and more, Julia Holter’s Aviary revels in ecstatic excess. Meandering, shape-shifting, and often dissonant, its melodies diffuse into clouds of pure atmosphere, offering the opposite of the glib simplicity that so much pop aspires to in the streaming era. Playlist fodder, this is not.
Aviary’s references are among the most erudite and obscure of any of Holter’s albums, encompassing Dante, Pushkin, Occitan folk songs, and an academic tome about mnemonics and the Middle Ages; Vangelis’ Blade Runner score is in there somewhere, too. Nevertheless, Holter’s search for meaning in “destitute times” translates to an unmistakably contemporary record, her stream-of-consciousness lyrics gesturing bleakly at the nightly news (“Frequent missile talk/Slurping on the words I heard from the wretched zone/Fortune throwing candy slow in a death crawl”). And while its surfeit of feeling can mimic the shell-shocked sense of information overload that accompanies a long day scrolling social media, its moments of catharsis cut deliciously deep. –Philip Sherburne
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
108.
Kaytranada: 99.9% (2016)
The debut album from Montreal producer Kaytranada is a shining example of dance music as more than the sum of its parts. Blending soul, hip-hop, house, jazz, and disco, and featuring vocal turns from the likes of Vic Mensa, Syd, Craig David, Anderson .Paak, and more, the album is also a reaction against the relative whiteness of EDM circa 2016. For all the acrobatic weaving of glitchy beats with slinky, complex instrumentation, it never feels anything but warm; the athleticism isn’t necessarily beside the point, but it’s not meant to make a spectacle of itself, either. Moreover, the album is a benchmark for how pop music has commonly come to be thought of in this decade: If you blend enough genres together, they cancel each other out, and what’s left is just its own thing that doesn’t have any particular use for a tidy classification. –Steve Kandell
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
107.
Dirty Projectors: Swing Lo Magellan (2012)
Dirty Projectors used to be an inscrutable band. You’d read about how frontman David Longstreth conducted 18-hour practices in an airless Brooklyn studio, or reworked the chords of a Black Flag song to synchronize with the Fibonacci sequence or something, and think: This is music for people who make you feel like a moron for humming along to the radio. But on Swing Lo Magellan, their formal experimentation slowly gave way to an emotional generosity no amount of musical theory could obfuscate.
The album shines with the warmth and familiarity of a group of loved ones trading stories around a campfire. It’s unguarded, with “Impregnable Question” offering itself as a premier wedding song for former hipsters experimenting with sincerity. It’s funny, like when singers Amber Coffman and Haley Dekle clown Longstreth’s knotty lyrics on “Unto Caesar” (“Uh, that doesn't make any sense…”). Swing Lo Magellan ended up being the last album with this lineup of Dirty Projectors, making it a bittersweet listen. But we know it was real while it lasted. –Jeremy Gordon
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
106.
Moses Sumney: Aromanticism (2017)
Only once a decade, maybe, do you get a voice like Moses Sumney’s. It is cotton-soft and canyon-wide, as crisp and ornate as frost forming on the window. A similar coldness—the absence of love—informs his spare, beautiful debut album, Aromanticism. It is not a lament for lost love but a guess that love may never arrive. His brand of blues is heavy with emotion, even as he wonders if he might not want to feel any of it. Maybe he’ll call you back; instead of sex, how about just a little making out in the car? On most songs, his falsetto hangs over spare electric guitar—except for the knockout “Lonely World,” around which the entire album spins. And though solitude haunts these songs, it also seems like a kind of relief: “To behold and not be held,” he sings, those words a blessing and a curse. –Jeremy D. Larson
Listen/Buy: Vinyl Me, Please | Apple Music | Tidal
105.
Disclosure: Settle (2013)
Howard and Guy Lawrence’s debut album as Disclosure overhauled house, two-step garage, and other strains of dance music for the day-glo EDM brigade. The brothers, who started DJing as teenagers in southeast England, may have relied on familiar formulas with Settle, but they still managed to fashion them into one of the most irresistibly inviting dance records of the decade. The duo supported their carefully curated patchwork of genres with a wide net of guest artists, many of whom turned into quick success stories themselves: the duo single-handedly launched Sam Smith’s career with the bombastic “Latch,” and the Nottingham pop group London Grammar began climbing after their slow-burning turn on “Help Me Lose My Mind.” Disclosure wouldn’t scale the same heights again, but Settle remains a vivid, ecstatic time capsule of early-2010s club music at its pinnacle. –Eric Torres
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
104.
Waxahatchee: Cerulean Salt (2013)
Allison and Katie Crutchfield’s scrappy teenage band P.S. Eliot was beloved far beyond the Alabama DIY scene they rose in. After the twin sisters broke up the group in 2011, Allison stepped out from behind the drums to lead the noisy guitar-pop band Swearin’; Katie holed up at their parents’ home with an acoustic guitar and recorded her debut as Waxahatchee, the stark, searing American Weekend. Its follow-up, Cerulean Salt, focused all that accelerated musical experience and added new color. Katie still recorded at home, but now “home” was a Philadelphia house she shared with Allison and her Swearin’ bandmates, who pitched in across the album. Backed by thudding drums and blown-out guitars, Katie’s heartrendingly vivid sketches of alienation and self-doubt sound almost triumphant, especially on the surf-flecked “Coast to Coast,” where she insists, in her faint drawl, “I’ll try to embrace the lows.” After this, Waxahatchee jumped labels to indie titans Merge, releasing two more remarkable albums and continuing to inspire a generation of acolytes to sing their own messy truths. –Marc Hogan
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
103.
Helado Negro: This Is How You Smile (2019)
Roberto Carlos Lange had been building toward This Is How You Smile for over a decade. Whether tinkering with vocoders or recruiting new collaborators, Lange has experimented under the banner of Helado Negro in a manner that is patient and community-oriented; people have always mattered most to him. He reached a creative apex on This Is How You Smile by washing his sound in tape hiss and soft-lit synths, casting a twilight glow over bilingual meditations on community, displacement, and loving the skin in which you were born. Lange’s fount of hope within This Is How You Smile is a balm for everyone, but for the black and brown people whom he singles out in heartfelt lyrics (“History shows/That brown won’t go/Brown just glows”), it feels like benediction. –Eric Torres
Listen/Buy: Rough Trade | Apple Music | Tidal
102.
Jeremih: Late Nights: The Album (2015)
Despite an attitude that ranged from nonchalance to outright self-sabotage, Jeremih quietly sustained mainstream success throughout the decade. Take Late Nights, an album that represents a triumph within the major-label system for its mere existence. Singles “Planez” and “Oui” became rap and R&B radio mainstays purely off the strength of the songwriting; Jeremih otherwise declined to engage in any sort of promotional tactics, from shooting music videos to performing on television. In touring the album, he immediately clashed with headliner PARTYNEXTDOOR—top-billed despite having far fewer hits—before being accused of sending out a body double at a show in Houston.
While a dominant musical theme of the 2010s was the seamless fusion of rap and R&B, as employed by artists like Drake and Post Malone, Jeremih got to the same place from the other side; his R&B flows and flexes like rap music, but with a distinct melodic bounce that could only come from a singer. The music on Late Nights rates as some of the finest R&B of the decade, even if that genre tag fits loosely: Highlights “Pass Dat” and “Drank” are experimental celebrations of substances that travel along pathways carved by Lil Wayne and Young Thug, and ballads like “Actin’ Up” and “Remember Me” have a stoned spaciness that recalls the decade’s best hip-hop. The album’s most instructive song is “Paradise,” a gentle acoustic outro that begins with Jeremih still high from the night before, a girl next to him in bed, and ends with him alone in a jacuzzi toasting his great life. You get the sense he enjoys the solitude. –Jordan Sargent
Listen/Buy: Apple Music | Tidal
101.
Chr
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 90
|
https://www.zabihah.com/chn/ca
|
en
|
Find halal restaurants near you with the original Halal restaurant guide
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=208400203753754&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=2E3Ek1a4SBe07i",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/new_zabihah_header.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_home.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_80.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_467.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_29.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_92.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_55.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_387.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_569.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_552.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_151.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_115.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_584.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_632.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_77.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_215.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_326.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_524.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_216.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_177.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_426.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_611.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_13.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_643.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_470.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_539.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_544.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_610.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_203.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_528.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_603.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_558.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_607.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_648.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_79.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_116.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_120.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_153.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_421.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_498.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_514.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_554.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_561.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_578.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_628.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_118.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_345.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_349.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_361.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_423.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_464.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_540.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_600.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_625.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_58.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_64.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_181.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_292.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_336.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_344.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_388.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_468.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_481.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_560.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_572.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_599.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_451.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_493.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_511.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_50.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_254.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_257.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_279.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_389.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_416.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_591.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_38.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_545.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_173.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_21.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_355.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_471.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/photos/chain_20.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_addlist.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_login.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_register.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_apple.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_android.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/807513440386306049/p3W4kBGg_normal.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/verified.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.halalfire.com/images/members/25091.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/verified.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/default_small.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/verified.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/807513440386306049/p3W4kBGg_normal.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/verified.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-1/51466850_10102636913715585_3240317954545418240_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p200x200&_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=0be577&_nc_ohc=45dbCEdZfpMAX_lkgav&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&edm=AHgPADgEAAAA&oh=00_AfDKFtO1o15gWtZpvMgLBDwFZUxWVDWBmr-yEh0jPq1TLg&oe=65902EEE",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/verified.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/default_small.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/default_small.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.halalfire.com/images/members/11970.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.halalfire.com/images/members/11970.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.halalfire.com/images/members/134.jpg",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/new_zabihah_footer.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_facebook.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_twitter.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_linkedin.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_instagram.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_apple.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/icon_android.png",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif",
"https://www.zabihah.com/img/spacer.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"halal restaurants near me",
"halal food near me",
"halal food nearby",
"halal restaurant",
"halal meat",
"zabihah.com",
"zabiha.com",
"halal chicken",
"halal grocery",
"zabiha",
"zabeeha",
"zabihah",
"halal meat",
"muslim",
"islam",
"allah",
"quran",
"koran"
] | null |
[] | null |
User reviews and ratings of Halal restaurants, markets, businesses, groceries, and more
|
https://www.zabihah.com/
| ||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 5
|
https://fundraising.littlecaesars.com/products/81299
|
en
|
Click to Raise Money for a Cause
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Easy, delicious, and profitable â our products are a hit with groups of all ages!
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
| null | |||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 69
|
https://www.canadacareersite.com/company/Pizza-73-%25281007%2529
|
en
|
Jobs in Canada - Thousands of Vacancies for Skilled Workers
|
[
"https://www.canadacareersite.com/sitesetting_images/thumb/canada-career-site-1668580481-591.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"canadacareersite.com"
] | null |
Jobs in Canada - Thousands of Vacancies. Get a Job and Immigrate to Canada. Jobs and Career Opportunities await you! | Canada Career Site
|
en
|
https://www.canadacareersite.com/favicon.ico
| null |
A confirmation letter has been sent to your Email.
Please confirm your email address to receive the
latest Job Openings in Canada
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 25
|
https://www.igi-global.com/viewtitle.aspx%3FTitleId%3D298348%26isxn%3D9781799881971
|
en
|
Fast Food: Pros and Cons – Volumes of Consumption of Fast Food in the World and the Russian Federation: Fast Food Structure
|
[
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/flag-us.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/flag-cn.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/shopping-cart-icon.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/portal/portal-icon_28x28.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/newsroom/topic-ecoll_special-offer.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781668473665.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781668456293.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781668438091.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799898054.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-1.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-2.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-3.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-4.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-5.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-6.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-7.png",
"https://www.igi-global.com/Images/open-access/oa-nav-8.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/logo-ccc.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/mendeley.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799881971.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-07282015.png",
"https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Fast Food: Pros and Cons – Volumes of Consumption of Fast Food in the World and the Russian Federation: Fast Food Structure: Medicine & Healthcare",
"IGI Global",
"Book Chapter",
"Medicine & Healthcare",
"Medical Information Science Reference"
] | null |
[] | null |
Fast Food: Pros and Cons – Volumes of Consumption of Fast Food in the World and the Russian Federation: Fast Food Structure: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8197-1.ch004: The chapter is devoted to the analysis of modern fast-food products and an analytical overview of global fast-food enterprises. The authors substantiated the
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/fast-food/298348
|
Chapter Preview
Top
Introduction Of The Chapter
Food production and modern food technologies, unfortunately, are not a public health problem. Food processing and extension of their shelf life contributed to the evolution, adaptation and increase in the number of humanity and a settled population (Ludwig DS, 2011, Wrangham R., 2013, Pollan M., 2013, Kutkina M.N., Eliseeva S.A., 2018).
The need to increase food production has led to the mechanization of food production processes. Already from the middle of the 19th century, the mass production of some food products, such as bread, cookies, cakes, pies, sauces and meat products is marked. This was accompanied by a steady shift in emphasis in the habitual (traditional) diets of the population.
In the 20th century, standardized and unified technologies led to an increase in the production of cheaper foods with a high content of fat and sugar. The consumption of such products provoked an increase in the growth of cardiovascular diseases, first in high-income countries and then throughout the world (Omran AR., 1971, Popkin BM, 1993).
Research in the field of food sciences in general, from the 1970s to the 1980s, was aimed at creating and expanding the range of products with a long shelf life without special conditions produced from cheap ingredients and food additives. The global development of production of such products, their worldwide distribution and intense consumption has led to a sharp increase in obesity and related noncommunicable diseases (diabetes), first in high- and middle-income countries (Popkin BM, 2002), and then in countries with low income (Popkin BM, 2013).Food supplies are now becoming part of the global food system, in which ready-to-eat processed products are increasingly dominant (FAO, 2004, Stuckler D.et al, 2012, Monteiro CA.et al, 2012, McDonald's Corporation, 2019).
The traditional perception of the term “fast food” is restaurants, cafes and other fast food enterprises, however, the concept of fast food in modern times should be considered much more broadly.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 27
|
https://tasty.co/recipe/pizza-dough
|
en
|
How To Make The Best Homemade Pizza Recipe by Tasty
|
[
"https://img.buzzfeed.com/thumbnailer-prod-us-east-1/video-api/assets/168964.jpg?output-format=auto&output-quality=auto&resize=600:*",
"https://img.buzzfeed.com/thumbnailer-prod-us-east-1/video-api/assets/168964.jpg?output-format=auto&output-quality=auto&resize=600:*",
"https://tasty.co/static-assets/tasty-ui/_next/static/images/app_badge_ios-7db6a367bf85586ebb84b2c7871e86c2.png",
"https://tasty.co/static-assets/tasty-ui/_next/static/images/app_badge_android-c007174857a9b5d724f6505afca1b681.png",
"https://tasty.co/static-assets/tasty-ui/_next/static/images/app_badge_ios-7db6a367bf85586ebb84b2c7871e86c2.png",
"https://tasty.co/static-assets/tasty-ui/_next/static/images/app_badge_android-c007174857a9b5d724f6505afca1b681.png"
] |
[
"https://vid.tasty.co/output/101990/landscape_480/1531532303"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Brenda Blanco"
] |
2018-07-13T23:56:32
|
Let's dive into the art of homemade pizza dough! It may seem like a lot of work, but the results promise a delicious meal and the satisfaction of mastering a kitchen staple. With just a handful of ingredients and a bit of patience for rising and resting, you'll soon be on your way to creating a pizza crust that's crispy on the outside and delightfully chewy on the inside. We're also sharing three of our favorite pizzas for inspiration: the classic Margherita with its vibrant tomato, basil, and mozzarella; the indulgent Bianca with creamy ricotta, garlic, and herbs; and the timeless Pepperoni, a favorite that needs no introduction.
|
en
|
https://tasty.co/static-assets/tasty-ui/_next/static/images/favicon-28da50f156ed9dd557d5a773675f8b38.ico
|
tasty.co
|
https://tasty.co/recipe/pizza-dough
|
How To Make The Best Homemade Pizza
Let's dive into the art of homemade pizza dough! It may seem like a lot of work, but the results promise a delicious meal and the satisfaction of mastering a kitchen staple. With just a handful of ingredients and a bit of patience for rising and resting, you'll soon be on your way to creating a pizza crust that's crispy on the outside and delightfully chewy on the inside. We're also sharing three of our favorite pizzas for inspiration: the classic Margherita with its vibrant tomato, basil, and mozzarella; the indulgent Bianca with creamy ricotta, garlic, and herbs; and the timeless Pepperoni, a favorite that needs no introduction.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 45
|
https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/listings/food-quick-service-restaurants/
|
en
|
Quick Service Restaurants Archives
|
[
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/themes/lookforafranchise/assets/images/nav-burger.gif",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/themes/lookforafranchise/assets/images/nav-leaf.gif",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/themes/lookforafranchise/assets/images/logo-desktop.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/themes/lookforafranchise/assets/images/favicon.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/KFC_2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/PANAGO_2021_cmyk.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Pizzaville_stonebaked_2018.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/PizzaPizza_stacked_2020.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/04/pokerrito.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/06/DQ_Logo.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Toppers_Logo_Primary-pizzablack.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/TripleOs15_Wordmark_B_RGB.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/241Pizza-2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/AW.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/LOGO_APD_PKG.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/03/BIGT-603_Logo_CMYK_F_WithTag.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/BoosterJuice_purple.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/BurgerKing_Logo.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/03/Busters_color.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/02/Butter-Chick-Stacked.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/CaptSubmarine.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/03/logofinalmuzzy.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Chatime_2020.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2024/06/Cheezed.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/ChickenDelight_TagRTM_2c.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/08/ChutneysLogo1.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/CarlsJr.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/CrepeDelicious_vert_2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/04/CREST_Logo_CFA_listing.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Edo_Japan_Logo_Primary.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Fatbastard_blk_stacked_2023a.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/Fatburger.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/12/FreshBurgerLogo-Square-Gold.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/GinosPizza.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/GrecoPizza_FastNFresh.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/LaPrep_SocialBistro.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/PiriPiri_2020.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/marybrowns-chicken-1980x1080-1.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/McDonalds_2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2024/05/ra-men-Logo-Large-scaled.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/12/MBT-logo-Revised-2023.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/MrGreekRestaurants_2017_tag.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/10/NanisGelato-Logo.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/NewOrleans-2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/OPA_2017.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Canada-Primary.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/11/PierogiHouse_2023.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/PITALAND_Logo-2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/PIZZA73.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/PizzaHut.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/12/PizzaNova_Est1963_2018.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Popeyes_logo.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/12/Pottikkis_2024.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2023/12/RebelGreek_2024.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/06/ScorePizza_Round_2021.jpg",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/SmokesPoutinerie_2016.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/03/Subway_2017.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/TacoBell_Stacked_2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/11/TokTok_logovisuel_NJ.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/Wendys_2019.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/WingMachine_2012.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/01/WingsUp.png",
"https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2024/03/WrapZone_2023.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Juggling COVID-19 restrictions and their busy lifestyles, Canadians are frequently favoring quick-service restaurants (QSRs) as an easy and delicious alternative to cooking meals in the home. In the era of the fast-paced at-home lifestyle, QSRs have managed to satisfy a fundamental need in today’s social climate. The ability to order hot-and-ready meals through the digital space has become a crucial pillar for QSRs.
Why Invest in a QSR Franchise?
Restaurants Canada predicts the need for at-home delivery and online ordering to continue and thrive over the next five years, especially with more and more QSRs developing an online presence. According to Restaurants Canada, the Canadian commercial food service industry is expected to grow substantially throughout 2022 and overcome its nominal 2020 decline by a whopping 74.6 billion dollars— a 22 percent increase over the year 2021. By 2025, quick service restaurants are forecasted to grow to 37.4 billion dollars in Canada alone.
According to Restaurant Canada’s Foodservice Industry Forecast, the Canadian QRS industry is primed to undergo modern and digital changes to grow and excel over the next five years; QRSs are expected to lead growth in the short term by seizing opportunities on digital platforms coupled with decreasing rental costs for metropolitan real-estate. Some new trends that can be expected within the QRS industry include smaller, more intimate locations for easier consumer access and carbon footprint management, simpler menu options, and healthier alternatives to traditional meals to satisfy different consumer needs. These trends are incredibly positive for future QSR brands that focus on simple meals.
|
en
|
Look For A Franchise
|
https://cfa.ca/lookforafranchise/listings/food-quick-service-restaurants/
|
The Canadian Franchise Association (CFA) helps everyday Canadians realize the dream of building their own business through the power of franchising. CFA advocates on issues that impact this dream on behalf of more than 700 corporate members and over 40,000 franchisees from many of Canada’s best-known and emerging franchise brands. Beyond its role as the voice of the franchise industry, CFA strengthens and develops franchising by delivering best-practice education and creating rewarding connections between Canadians and the opportunities in franchising. Canadian franchises contribute over $96 billion per year to the Canadian economy and create jobs for more than 1.8 million Canadians.
Food - Quick Service Restaurants
Juggling COVID-19 restrictions and their busy lifestyles, Canadians are frequently favoring quick-service restaurants (QSRs) as an easy and delicious alternative to cooking meals in the home. In the era of the fast-paced at-home lifestyle, QSRs have managed to satisfy a fundamental need in today's social climate. The ability to order hot-and-ready meals through the digital space has become a crucial pillar for QSRs.
Why Invest in a QSR Franchise?
Restaurants Canada predicts the need for at-home delivery and online ordering to continue and thrive over the next five years, especially with more and more QSRs developing an online presence. According to Restaurants Canada, the Canadian commercial food service industry is expected to grow substantially throughout 2022 and overcome its nominal 2020 decline by a whopping 74.6 billion dollars— a 22 percent increase over the year 2021. By 2025, quick service restaurants are forecasted to grow to 37.4 billion dollars in Canada alone. According to Restaurant Canada’s Foodservice Industry Forecast, the Canadian QRS industry is primed to undergo modern and digital changes to grow and excel over the next five years; QRSs are expected to lead growth in the short term by seizing opportunities on digital platforms coupled with decreasing rental costs for metropolitan real-estate. Some new trends that can be expected within the QRS industry include smaller, more intimate locations for easier consumer access and carbon footprint management, simpler menu options, and healthier alternatives to traditional meals to satisfy different consumer needs. These trends are incredibly positive for future QSR brands that focus on simple meals.
Search Results: 74 - result(s)
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 10
|
https://www.pmq.com/pizza-pizza-limited-and-pizza-pizza-royalty-income-fund-complete-pizza-73-acquisition/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Limited and Pizza Pizza Royalty Income Fund complete Pizza 73 acquisition
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=716985218852640&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/PMQ-logo.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PMQ-logo-2023b.svg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PMQ-logo-2023b-white.svg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/pizza-power-forum-150x150-1.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/peel-a-pmq-podcast-150x150-1.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-pizza-power-report-cover-sized-231x300-1.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/DSC_3235-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cheesy-Burger-Pizza-Menu-Shot-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dominos-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ppf-GettyImages-1062575394-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pizza-making-694-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MY-HUT-BOX-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JANET-ZAPATA-HEADSHOT-copy-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/David-Halt-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_8433-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Wayne-Ale-House-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/CHEESEBURGER-PAPADIA-2-552x312.jpeg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BLAZE-PIZZA-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MOMO-FAROUQ-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/CALIFORNIA-552x312.jpeg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JUAN-G-PEREZ-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/reading-icon.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PMQ-logo-2023b-white.svg",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/qsr-logo-splash-white.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/fsr-logo-white.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/pizzapowerforum-logo-final-white-1.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/wtwhlogo-300x106-1.png",
"https://www.pmq.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/csd-fsr.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"webpublisherprobd"
] |
2019-06-10T10:00:06+00:00
|
TORONTO, July 24 /CNW/ - Pizza Pizza Royalty Income Fund (the "Fund") (TSX: PZA.UN) and Pizza Pizza Limited ("Pizza Pizza") announced today that Pizza Pizza has completed the previously-announced acquisition of Flying Pizza 73 Inc. and its affiliated companies (together, "Pizza 73"). In connection with this transaction, the Fund has acquired the trademarks and other intellectual property associated with Pizza 73 restaurant operations.
|
en
|
PMQ Pizza
|
https://www.pmq.com/pizza-pizza-limited-and-pizza-pizza-royalty-income-fund-complete-pizza-73-acquisition/
|
TORONTO, July 24 /CNW/ – Pizza Pizza Royalty Income Fund (the “Fund”)
(TSX: PZA.UN) and Pizza Pizza Limited (“Pizza Pizza”) announced today that
Pizza Pizza has completed the previously-announced acquisition of Flying Pizza
73 Inc. and its affiliated companies (together, “Pizza 73”). In connection
with this transaction, the Fund has acquired the trademarks and other
intellectual property associated with Pizza 73 restaurant operations.
The acquisition of Pizza 73, a leading quick service restaurant (“QSR”)
pizza retailer, based in Edmonton, Alberta, allows Pizza Pizza, which is
marking its 40th year in the industry, to expand into Western Canada and
specifically the fast-growing Alberta market. Pizza Pizza, Ontario’s “number
one pizza”, operates 532 restaurant locations, predominantly in Ontario and
Quebec.
The Fund and Pizza Pizza acquired Pizza 73 for a combined purchase price
of $70.25 million. The Fund, through Pizza Pizza Royalty Limited Partnership
(the “Partnership”), acquired the trademarks and other intellectual property
of Pizza 73 for $54.04 million (the “Transaction”) and Pizza Pizza acquired
the operating business of Pizza 73 for $16.21 million. An additional
$3 million earnout will be paid to the Pizza 73 vendors by Pizza Pizza in July
2008, provided certain revenue and profitability targets are met. Pizza Pizza
will license the trademarks and other intellectual property associated with
Pizza 73 from the Partnership for a 9% royalty payment to the Fund on system
sales generated by the Pizza 73 restaurants in the royalty pool. The
Transaction is expected to be immediately 4.0% accretive to the Fund’s cash
available for distribution per fully diluted unit on a pro forma basis for the
52 weeks ended April 21, 2007.
Concurrent with the closing of the Transaction, the Partnership has
entered into a credit facility co-led by BMO Bank of Montreal and
Toronto-Dominion Bank to finance a portion of the purchase price payable in
the Transaction and to re-finance existing indebtedness. In addition, Michael
Overs, indirectly, and the Pizza 73 vendors have completed the
previously-announced acquisition of an aggregate of 766,392 Units on a private
placement basis, for total proceeds to the Fund of approximately $7.0 million.
As the Transaction between the Fund and Pizza Pizza was considered a
related party transaction under Ontario Securities Commission Rule 61-501 and
Autorité des marchés financiers Policy Q-27, a special meeting of the Fund’s
unitholders was held on July 20, 2007, at which certain matters related to the
Transaction were approved by more than 99% of the Fund units (“Units”)
represented in person or by proxy, including a majority of minority
unitholders.
In connection with the Transaction, on July 5, 2007 the Fund issued
2,600,000 subscription receipts, each representing the right to receive one
Unit of the Fund, for gross proceeds of $23.8 million. The proceeds of the
offering have been held in escrow pending today’s closing of the Transaction.
Upon release, the proceeds were applied to satisfy part of the purchase price
payable by the Partnership. The subscription receipts will be automatically
exchanged for Units effective at 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) today (July 24), and
thereafter the former holders of the subscription receipts will be entitled as
unitholders to receive distributions from the Fund. The Units will be issued
to the former holders of subscription receipts through the facilities of CDS
Clearing and Depository Services Inc. (“CDS”) and CDS Book-Entry Only System
customer confirmations will be entered on July 26, 2007, the second business
day following the Transaction closing date.
ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a limited purpose, open-ended trust established under the
laws of Ontario to indirectly acquire the trademarks and trade names used by
Pizza Pizza in its Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 branded restaurants. The
trademarks have been licensed to Pizza Pizza for 99 years, for which Pizza
Pizza pays the Fund a royalty equal to 6% of the system sales of its Pizza
Pizza restaurants in the royalty pool, and 9% of the system sales of its Pizza
73 restaurants in the royalty pool. As of January 1, 2007, there were 531
Pizza Pizza restaurants in the royalty pool, and the initial Pizza 73 royalty
pool includes 41 restaurants.
Since its initial public offering in 2005, the Fund has increased
distributions four times while maintaining a 5% same restaurant sales growth
at its Pizza Pizza restaurants. The last distribution increase was in January
2007 when monthly distributions were increased from $0.071 per unit to $0.073
per unit.
A key attribute of the Fund’s structure is the fact that it is a
“top-line” fund. Royalty income of the Fund is based on top-line system sales
of the royalty pool restaurants and is not determined by the profitability of
either Pizza Pizza or the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants in the royalty
pool. Given this structure, the success of the Fund depends primarily on the
ability of Pizza Pizza to maintain and increase system sales of the royalty
pool restaurants.
ABOUT PIZZA PIZZA LIMITED
Pizza Pizza Limited, a privately-held Canadian corporation, is one of
Canada’s most successful operators in the quick service restaurant industry
and is celebrating its 40th anniversary this year. Founded in 1967, Pizza
Pizza is guided by a mission to provide the “best food, made especially for
you” and a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, community
contribution and continual innovation, especially in offering health-conscious
menu choices.
ABOUT PIZZA 73
Founded in 1985, Pizza 73, with its recognizable phone numbers ending in
“7373”, currently has 48 restaurants in its system. Pizza 73 operates in the
take-out and delivery pizza QSR segment, principally in the province of
Alberta. Pizza 73 currently has four locations outside of Alberta; three in
Saskatchewan and one in British Columbia. Systems sales through its
centralized call centre and pizza73.com together accounted for approximately
95% of Pizza 73’s sales for the 52 weeks ended April 21, 2007. Pizza 73
restaurants are not franchised, but instead are owned and operated as
independent businesses. Each restaurant is a corporation equally owned by an
independent owner/operator and Pizza 73. Pizza 73 supports its independent
owner/operators with new restaurant openings, product development and supplier
arrangements and a centralized marketing program funded by contributions from
each restaurant equal to approximately 8% of annual sales. Trademarks and
other intellectual property used in the restaurant system are owned by Pizza
73. The Pizza 73 business also includes two commissaries and a call centre.
For the 52 weeks ended April 21, 2007, Pizza 73 had system sales of
$65.0 million. For the years ended July 22, 2006 and July 23, 2005, Pizza 73
had system sales of $52.8 million and $40.8 million, respectively.
NON-GAAP MEASURES
Certain financial information contained in this news release, including
references to cash available for distribution, are not standard measures under
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in Canada and may not be
comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. These measures are
considered to be important measures used by the investment community to assess
the source and sustainability of the Fund’s cash distributions and should be
used to supplement other performance measures prepared in accordance with GAAP
in Canada.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this press release may constitute “forward-looking”
statements which involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors which may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the
Fund to be materially different from any future results, performance or
achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. When
used in this press release, such statements use such words as “may,” “will,”
“expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe,” “plan” and other similar
terminology. The risks and uncertainties are detailed from time to time in
reports filed by the Fund with the securities regulatory authorities in all of
the provinces of Canada to which recipients of this press release are referred
for additional information concerning the Fund, its prospects and the risks
and uncertainties relating to the Fund and its prospects. New risk factors may
arise from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all
of those risk factors or the extent to which any factor or combination of
factors may cause actual results, performance and achievements of the Fund to
be materially different from those contained in forward-looking statements.
Certain of risks and uncertainties that may arise in connection with the
acquisition of Pizza 73 include risks associated with (i) the integration of
the Pizza 73 business by Pizza Pizza; (ii) liabilities that may be assumed in
respect of the business and limitations on recourse in respect thereof, and
(iii) operating risks associated with the operation of Pizza 73 business in
its principal markets.
The forward-looking information contained in this press release is
current only as of the date of this press release. There should not be an
expectation that such information will in all circumstances be updated,
supplemented or revised whether as a result of new information, changing
circumstances, future events or otherwise.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 12
|
https://www.scrapehero.com/store/product/pizza-73-store-locations-in-canada/
|
en
|
List of all Pizza 73 restaurant locations in Canada
|
[
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/themes/store-child-theme/assets/scrapehero_logo.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Pizza_73_Canada-416x416.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/maps/Pizza_73_Canada_100dpi.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/dominos-324x324.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/pizza-hut-324x324.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/macro-324x324.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/marketplace_data.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/dataformats-store-subscription.png",
"https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Pizza_73_Canada-324x324.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"ScrapeHero"
] |
2022-11-18T05:51:46+00:00
|
Complete list of all Pizza 73 restaurant locations in Canada with geocoded address, phone number and open hours for instant download
|
en
|
ScrapeHero Data Store
|
https://www.scrapehero.com/store/product/pizza-73-store-locations-in-canada/
|
Description
Complete list of all Pizza 73 restaurant locations in Canada with geocoded address, phone number, open hours etc for instant download.
This is a subsidiary of Pizza Pizza.
Pizza 73 restaurant list on the map
Fields included in the Pizza 73 restaurant location database
Store No.
Zip Code
URL
Name
Phone
Status
Provider
Open Hours
Updated Date
Street
Direction URL
Province
City
Latitude
Country
Longitude
Included locations: Open
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 47
|
https://www.betheboss.ca/resources/franchise-news/pizza
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Expands West
|
[
"https://cdn.mfvexpo.com/pad-h100-w350/7/7-site-logo.png",
"https://cdn.mfvexpo.com/cpad-h150-w150/7/system/franchise_images/images/000/000/561/original/lb557987.gif",
"https://cdn.mfvexpo.com/pad-h90-w200/7/7-site-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://www.betheboss.ca/resources/franchise-news/pizza
|
Pizza Pizza, the behemoth central Canadian pizza maker, has launched a cross-country food fight aiming to take a bite out of the West's burgeoning fast-food market through the acquisition of Edmonton-based Flying Pizza 73 Inc.
The deal, carrying a pricetag of $70.3 million, will give the Pizza Pizza Royalty Income Fund (TSX: PZA.UN) the "intellectual property" of Pizza 73 and its 48-restaurant system, and a nine per cent royalty on sales.
The announcement marks a step in Pizza Pizza's longtime plan to move outside Ontario and Quebec, where it is the dominant provider with 532 locations.
It came one day after Quiznos Sub heated up competition by presenting its own line of flatbread pizzas.
Meanwhile, Western Canada's Panago, marketed as a premium pizza alternative, has opened stores in Ontario, hoping to win market share with side dishes like fresh salad with shrimp.
The company has also found success selling pizza slices to walk-in customers, according to Cameron Wood, editor of trade publication Canadian Pizza.
"The major trend in pizza right now is going towards the single-slice market," Wood said.
"You're looking at a lunchtime group, a commuter or urban professional-type – a slice is a logical choice versus ordering a whole pizza."
The company has the opportunity to grab a piece of the booming Western Canada economy which has seen an influx of workers and plumped up Pizza 73's results.
System sales were $65 million in the year ended April 21, up from $52.8 million in the previous year. Sales at outlets open a year or more increased 26 per cent.
Pizza Pizza said it expects same-restaurant sales to grow further, but not necessarily at the double-digit percentage rates experienced in recent years.
"I think the challenge for Pizza Pizza is keeping staff," he said, noting that this a problem for everybody in food service in Alberta, where many fast-food attendants are pulling in $15 or more per hour, plus incentives like trips and MP3 players.
The Pizza Pizza trust will acquire the trademarks and other intellectual property of Pizza 73 for $54 million, while the Pizza Pizza operating company will buy the operating business for $16.2 million.
An additional $3 million will be paid in July 2008 if sales and profit targets are met.
The Pizza Pizza operating company will license the trademarks and other intellectual property from the income trust and pay a nine per cent royalty on system sales.
To help fund the deal, the trust plans to issue 2.6 million units at $9.15 each for a total of $23.8 million, and has lined up a credit facility co-led by Bank of Montreal and Toronto-Dominion Bank.
|
|||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 7
|
https://eatanceapp.com/blog/canada-pizza-chains-restaurant-technology/
|
en
|
Top Canadian Pizza Restaurant Chains & How They Made It Big with Technology
|
[
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Eatance_Logo.svg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Hamburger.svg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/themes/neweatanceapp/assets/images/resraurant_Builder.svg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/eatanceapp-author.jpg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Pizza-Chain-Restaurant-and-how-they-become-successful.jpg 1280w, https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Pizza-Chain-Restaurant-and-how-they-become-successful-300x169.jpg 300w, https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Pizza-Chain-Restaurant-and-how-they-become-successful-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Pizza-Chain-Restaurant-and-how-they-become-successful-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Pizza-Chain-Restaurant-and-how-they-become-successful-600x338.jpg 600w",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canadian-Boston-Pizza-Delivery-App.jpg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Canada-Pizza-Delivery-App.jpg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/eatanceapp-author.jpg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Eatance-App-Launches-at-Collision-Conference-1024x536.jpg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Mississauga-Must-Try-Restaurants-food-Deals-1024x536.png",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Eatance_Logo.svg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/themes/neweatanceapp/assets/images/111-logo.svg",
"https://cdn-iladimn.nitrocdn.com/oNoxxWIWAFMwEZIfPlwOisJGNebYevke/assets/images/optimized/rev-d95e262/eatanceapp.com/wp-content/themes/neweatanceapp/assets/images/oci-logo.svg",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=332291706111232&ev=PageView&noscript=1&cd%5Bpost_category%5D=Eatance+Restaurant+App%2C+Restaurant+Business&cd%5Bpage_title%5D=Top+Canadian+Pizza+Restaurant+Chains+%26+How+They+Made+It+Big+with+Technology&cd%5Bpost_type%5D=post&cd%5Bpost_id%5D=221154&cd%5Bplugin%5D=PixelYourSite&cd%5Buser_role%5D=guest&cd%5Bevent_url%5D=eatanceapp.com%2Fblog%2Fcanada-pizza-chains-restaurant-technology%2F"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Maulik Pandya",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2022-12-15T09:51:34+00:00
|
Through this post, we’ll explore and discover The Best 15 Pizza Restaurant Chains in Canada and What technologies worked for them?
|
en
|
Eatance App
|
https://eatanceapp.com/blog/canada-pizza-chains-restaurant-technology/
|
Through this post, we’ll explore and discover The Best 15 Pizza Restaurant Chains in Canada and What technologies worked for them?
According to many etymologists, the word ‘Pizza’ comes from the Latin word pinsere (or the dialectical pinza), meaning stamp or pound. Though Italians have enjoyed this delicious comfort food for many centuries, it was not after World War II that it became popular in the US. Today, Americans consume approximately 350 slices of pizza each second, and the global market for pizza is expected to cross $14 billion in 2022.
Be it for convenience, comfort, quick delivery, or the sheer delight of having one, pizzas have captured the world’s fascination, creating loyalists around the globe. Another North American country that shares this fascination is Canada, where pizza consumption is among the highest in the world—just behind the US and Italy. In fact, Canada is also the birthplace of Hawaiian pizza, which Sam Panopoluos first created in Ontario in 1962.
Canada has a wide range of pizzas to offer, and unlike other nations, adding pineapple toppings isn’t considered taboo here. However, the steady growth rate (4.9%) of the Canadian pizza market can be majorly attributed to a handful of popular Canadian pizza chains, which offer a great mix of variety and taste.
Through this post, we’ll explore and discover some of the major pizza chains that have contributed to the popularity of this delectable fast food in Canada over decades. So here are a few big Canadian pizzeria chain names that every pizza enthusiast should know and try.
List of Popular Canadian Pizza Chains and what worked for them?
1. 241 Pizza
This popular Canadian pizzeria chain is known for its quick serving style and is headquartered in Scarborough, Ontario. 241 pizza was founded in 1986 in Toronto and currently has 62 outlets in Ontario. It was previously owned by Tom Michalopoulos and was acquired by Chairman’s Brand Corp. in 2006. This Canadian fast food chain also has a pizza-ordering website and is one of the best pizza chains to visit for hot wings and fresh pizza slices.
2. Boston Pizza
Also known as Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza Restaurant & Sports Bar outside Canada, this multinational Canadian pizzeria chain has branches all over the United States and Mexico. Boston’s journey began in Edmonton, Alberta in 1964, and it is known mainly for its varieties of pizza, pasta, hamburgers, and ribs. By 1995, this Canadian fast food chain had 95 restaurants in Western Canada with sales of over $110 million CAD.
Apart from having a pizzeria website in English and French, Boston Pizza has invested early in pizza ordering app development. It also has attractive membership plans, which allow users to avail of exclusive and tasty offers. It is currently co-owned by Jim Treliving, George Melville, and the Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund.
Also Read: How to Rebrand Your Restaurant Business While Maintaining Market Recognition
3. Freshslice Pizza
This Canadian pizza chain and franchise was founded in 1999 by Ray Russel. Headquartered in Burnaby, British Columbia, this Canadian fast-food chain has won several awards and accolades in its 23-year-old journey, which includes a Golden Plate Award for best pizza by the slice in 2014 and 2015.
The Freshslice franchise owns 77 branches in Canada, where the investment per restaurant ranges between $130,000 and $360,000. Though Freshslice offers online pizza ordering via their website, they are yet to join the mobile app bandwagon.
4. Gabriel Pizza
One of the best pizza chains on this list, Gabriel Pizza was founded in February 1977 by Michael Hanna. Gabriel Pizza topped Ottawa’s best pizza list in 2011 and has enjoyed a loyal fan following for decades. This Canadian fast food chain has stores located in Brockville, Ottawa, Kingston, Emburn, Rockland, Kanata and Kentsville. Gabriel Pizza hopped on the path of restaurant chain digitization pretty early and offers both dine-in and quick service delivery facilities through its website and mobile app.
5. Greco Pizza Restaurant
This pizza chain claims to be the largest pizza chain restaurant of Atlantic Canada with over 100 outlets in Eastern Canada itself. The first restaurant of Greco Pizza opened in Moncton, New Brunswick in 1977, and its franchise rights were sold in 1981 to Grinner’s Food Systems.
This Canadian pizza chain has marketed itself brilliantly since 1995 using it is famous ‘three one oh, three oh, three oh’ jingle — which also made its telephone number (310-30-30) iconic. Greco Pizza Restaurant offers several lip-smacking varieties of pizza, oven subs, donairs, and garlic fingers through its mobile apps and website.
Also Read: How to start an online food delivery business in Canada
6. King of Donair
Often abbreviated as KOD, this Canadian pizzeria chain has a cult following and has been featured in National Geographic, Trailer Park Boys, The Travel Channel, and The Food Network. King of Donair was established in Halifax, Nova, by Peter Gamoulakos in 1973 and became hugely popular after that in the region. Donair was named the official food of Halifax in 2015. Although King of Donair has a pizza-ordering website, it does not have a mobile app yet.
In addition to being one of the most popular chain restaurants in the country, KOD has been used by several celebrity chefs like Anthony Bourdain, Dominique Crenn, and Andrew Zimmern for filming. King of Donair has also grabbed the ‘Best Donair’ title from The Coast’s Best of Halifax Reader’s Choice Award for 14 out of 19 years!
7. Mikes Restaurant
This Canadian fast food chain is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, and has 70 restaurants in eastern Canada. This Canadian pizzeria chain was established in 1967 and is presently owned by the Imvescor Restaurant Group. The restaurant chain is well-known for its pizza, pasta, and submarines. Though it has a dedicated pizza delivery website, Mikes is yet to develop a dedicated app with a online pizza menu.
8. Mother’s Pizza
Also known as ‘Mother’s Pizza Parlour and Spaghetti House,’ this chain restaurant was a revival of a 1970s fast food chain of the same name. After being reestablished in 2013, the Canadian pizzeria chain has its presence in 120 locations in the UK, Canada, and the US.
Mother’s Pizza is known for its parlor-style pizza, big mugs, and nostalgic decor. It only allows for online pizza ordering via its website but lacks a mobile app.
9. Panago
Panago is a privately-owned pizza takeout and delivery chain that the Rooke Family established in 1986. This Canadian pizzeria chain offers more than 30 types of pizza and allows customers to create and customize their pizza.
Panago has received several awards for restaurant chain digitization and store modernization. It is highly regarded for its community contributions, sustainable packaging, and nutritionally-responsible approach. In addition to a website, the brand also invested in pizza ordering app development to improve the user-experience and convenience of their customers.
10. Pizza 73
Headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta, this Canadian pizzeria chain has expanded to 89 outlets since its creation in 1985. Pizza 73 was founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin, and its name originates from its first phone number (473-73-73). The company introduced online pizza delivery in 1995 and is regarded as one of the best-managed services in Canada. It was also Alberta's first delivery chain restaurant that allowed customers to order meals via a mobile food delivery app.
11. Pizza Delight
Pizza Delight was founded in Shediac, New Brunswick, in 1968 by Allard Robichaud and Leandre Bourque. The Canadian fast food chain has over 95 restaurants operating in Atlantic Canada and Ontario, which employ over 3500 staff. Pizza Delight acquired some popular chain restaurants since the year 2000, which include Mikes, Baton Rogue, and Scores. This led to restaurant chain digitization which paved the way for better customer satisfaction and easy accessibility through their Restaurant Website and app for pickup and delivery of food orders for their different restaurant locations across the country.
12. Pizza Nova
This Canadian fast food chain was founded by Sam Primucci in 1963 and is headquartered in Scarborough, Toronto. It currently serves more than 140 locations in Canada and offers a selection of signature pizzas, sandwiches, chicken wings, and panzerotti on its pizzeria website and iOS app. Pizza Nova also has a popular jingle, ‘4-3-9-Oh Oh Oh Oh,’ which highlights its phone number.
13. Pizza Pizza
This quick-service Canadian pizzeria chain is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, and currently serves over 500 locations across Canada. Pizza Pizza was founded by Micheal Overs in 1963 and expanded significantly in the 2000s. The restaurant chain has won the 2011 Webby Award for best pizza ordering app development, much to the delight of its fans.
Also Read: Top 10 Best Fast Food Restaurants Near Me in Toronto
14. Pizzaiolo
Pizzalio offers American-style pizza in its 43 restaurants spread over the Greater Toronto Area. This chain restaurant was created in Molise, Italy, in the 1940s by Nonna Ida and Nonno Guiseppe. Pizzalio means ‘pizza maker’ in Italian and has a range of tasty pizzas available through their pizzeria website.
15. Topper’s Pizza
The journey of Topper’s Pizza began in 1982 in Ontario, Canada, through its founder Ronald Toppazzini. It presently has over 35 restaurants in Ontario that offer takeaway and online pizza ordering for its delectable offerings like TopperSticks, Topperotties, and wings.
Conclusion
Canada has much to offer in terms of pizza varieties and Italian foods. However, the growth of any chain restaurant business today depends on the technology used and the user experience it offers. Thus, if you are keen to open a restaurant franchise or restaurant in Canada (or anywhere else), you must consider an excellent digital platform for restaurant chains.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 51
|
https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/key-tools-for-success/eggtrack/
|
en
|
EggTrack
|
[
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/logo.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/fb-text.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-vimeo.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-linkedin.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/logo.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/fb-text.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-letter.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-search.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-search-gray.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-close.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7442502/et-logo-square.png?anchor=center&mode=crop&width=150&height=0&&rnd=132483813030000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7456428/eggtrack-2023-homepage-banner-image.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&width=276&height=276&&rnd=133504066320000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7442502/et-logo-square.png?anchor=center&mode=crop&width=276&height=276&&rnd=132483813030000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7428232/hen-on-grass_istock_000055737312_xxxlarge-2.jpg?center=0.25799086757990869,0.53666666666666663&mode=crop&width=337&height=337&&rnd=133008861200000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7434063/en_good-egg-award-2013_square_small.png?anchor=center&mode=crop&width=337&height=337&&rnd=131810745780000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/6017177/3-hen-on-grass-free-range-1306.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&width=337&height=337&&rnd=130628636610000000",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-play.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-globe.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-vimeo.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-linkedin.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-vimeo.svg",
"https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/images/icon-linkedin.svg"
] |
[
"https://player.vimeo.com/video/370091059"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Compassion’s first annual European EggTrack report shows the progress companies are making towards ending the use of cages for laying hens throughout their egg supply chains.
|
en
|
https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/key-tools-for-success/eggtrack/
|
Converting to cage-free eggs
Many of the world’s most influential food companies have made commitments to move to a cage free egg supply by 2025 or sooner. Check out our latest Global EggTrack Report to see which companies are progressing towards their global, regional or national cage-free commitments.
In order for companies to fulfil their pledges and meet the growing demand for cage free eggs, they need to invest in the right systems, get contracts in place with their suppliers and pace their transition.
Invest in the best
Egg producers need to ensure that they invest in the best systems, so the birds not only have good health and physical condition, but good mental wellbeing and are able to express their repertoire of natural behaviours.
Companies need to work with their suppliers and invest in production systems that are fit for purpose to ensure that the animals experience a good quality of life and are fit for the future too by meeting consumer expectation of what is an acceptable cage-free system.
Watch the video to find out more...
Future-proofing investment is critical to commercial sustainability and involves preparing for upcoming issues, such as the need to operate without beak trimming and maintaining good feather coverage, and the need to improve keel bone condition.
The cage-free market is well established in Europe, where over 50% of hens are currently reared in cage-free systems. In the US it is rapidly expanding and there are promising signs of emerging cage-free markets in other regions of the world.
However, over 60% of the world’s eggs are still produced in industrialised systems, most using battery cages, so any global company that has made a cage-free commitment in one region of their supply chain must address this issue in other regions too, especially in regions where cage-free markets are still a small proportion of overall production.
Key considerations
Read more about how to design your cage-free housing and how to develop a successful cage-free supply chain below.
Praise for food companies moving away from caged eggs
Since 2007, the Good Egg Award has recognised companies that use or have committed (within five years) to use cage-free eggs or egg products.
To date, more than 105 million laying hens are set to benefit each year from our award winners’ policies.
It takes more than 6.5 billion laying hens to produce the eggs required for the global egg market, with over 60% of hens kept in industrialised caged systems.
Minimum conditions for the protection of laying hens are set out in the EU Directive (Council Directive 1999/74/EC), which has banned the use of the barren battery cage since 1 January 2012.
In the EU, there are over 360 million laying hens kept for egg production each year, and around 38 million in the UK. Over 50% are housed in cages, the majority of which are ‘enriched’ cages, which although legal in the EU, are still confinement systems.
In the USA, nearly all laying hens are confined in barren battery cages.
Hens start laying regularly at around 18-20 weeks of age and commercially they lay for just over a year before being sent for slaughter. Most of their lives are therefore spent in confinement.
This section contains a welfare potential matrix of the different production systems used for laying hens, as well as a summary of the key welfare issues of these production systems.
For producers converting to cage-free systems, there is a practical guide on the key features of a higher welfare system for laying hens.
You can also read about the welfare of laying hens in alternative systems (summary or full information sheet) and get informed about specific welfare issues such as feather coverage and beak trimming (summary or full information sheet), and how to assess welfare on farm.
Or find out how Compassion's welfare criteria for laying hens compare with other welfare schemes here.
There is also information available about egg production in the EU and the consumer perception of eggs.
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 53
|
https://fieldroast.com/en-ca/press-release/field-roast-grain-meat-co-partners-with-pizza-pizza-to-launch-the-chains-first-ever-plant-based-pizza/
|
en
|
Field Roast Grain Meat Co™ Partners with Pizza Pizza to Launch the Chain’s First-Ever Plant-Based Pizza
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1774517649433672&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=271723976977066&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://fieldroast.com/wp-content/themes/field-roast-flavor-theme/images/logo_FieldRoast_Secondary.svg",
"https://fieldroast.com/wp-content/themes/field-roast-flavor-theme/images/logo_FieldRoast_Secondary.svg",
"https://fieldroast.com/wp-content/themes/field-roast-flavor-theme/images/Logo_FieldRoast_Primary.svg",
"https://fieldroast.com/wp-content/themes/field-roast-flavor-theme/images/Logo_FieldRoast_Primary.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2020-12-21T00:00:00
|
TORONTO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Greenleaf Foods, SPC, owner of Field Roast Grain Meat Co™ (“Field Roast”), the original maker of artisan plant-based meats and cheeses…
|
en
|
Field Roast
|
https://fieldroast.com/en-ca/press-release/field-roast-grain-meat-co-partners-with-pizza-pizza-to-launch-the-chains-first-ever-plant-based-pizza/
|
TORONTO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Greenleaf Foods, SPC, owner of Field Roast Grain Meat Co™ (“Field Roast”), the original maker of artisan plant-based meats and cheeses and a pioneer in the plant-based industry since 1997, today announced its partnership with Canadian pizza chain and quick-serve restaurant leader, Pizza Pizza. This partnership brings Pizza Pizza’s first-ever plant-based pizza to the menu at all restaurants across Canada beginning June 24.
“Always the best food, made especially for you”
Tweet this
The new ‘Super Plant Pizza’ will feature Field Roast’s Mexican Chipotle Sausage as a crumble. The artisanal plant-based sausage is made from grains, smoked Chipotle peppers, sweet onions, fresh-chopped garlic, apple cider vinegar, cumin seed, oregano and Chili de Arbol, creating bold flavour with a kick. The Field Roast Mexican Chipotle Sausage—along with other Field Roast plant-based meat and cheese products—is available in retail stores and natural food stores across Canada.
To complement the Field Roast crumble, the ‘Super Plant Pizza’ will also feature homestyle Italian tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, and is topped with plant-based pepperoni. For an entirely vegan experience, consumers are also able to order the pizza with dairy-free vegan cheese. The new ‘Super Plant Pizza’ recipe is a delicious combination of flavours and is available on any crust, including Pizza Pizza’s newest innovation, Cauliflower Crust.
“When dining out, plant-based options can seem less exciting, but we’re quickly changing that experience,” said Dan Curtin, President of Greenleaf Foods, SPC. “Now Pizza Pizza consumers don’t have to sacrifice taste because we’re bringing innovative and delicious plant-based options to the menu. We are always looking for ways to introduce more people to plant-based eating. Teaming up with Pizza Pizza will allow us to deliver our high-quality, artisanal products in new ways.”
The Field Roast brand offers plant-based meat and cheese that pay homage to regionally-beloved spices and ingredients, incorporating big, bold flavours that create a complex, layered taste experience. The brand makes it its mission to use only the finest quality, all-natural, whole food ingredients such as grains, fresh-cut vegetables, herbs and legumes. All Field Roast® products are vegan and do not contain any animal ingredients.
For more information on Field Roast, visit www.fieldroast.com and follow @FieldRoast on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. To learn more about Pizza Pizza, visit www.pizzapizza.ca.
About Greenleaf Foods, SPC
Greenleaf Foods, SPC is committed to shaping the future of plant-based foods. Established in 2018, the Company’s portfolio of leading plant-based protein brands includes Lightlife® and Field Roast Grain Meat Co.™. The Company is headquartered in Chicago, and is a wholly owned, independent subsidiary of Maple Leaf Foods Inc.
About Pizza Pizza Limited
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 32
|
https://www.hungryhowies.com/secret-menu
|
en
|
Hungry Howies
|
https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/favicon.ico
|
https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1801213463432506&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/logo.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close_desktop.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/HH_Website_Menu_Detail_Page_73_Classic.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2023-07/HH_Website_Menu_Detail_Page_Secret_Menu_Tie-Dye_Pizzas.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2023-07/HH_Website_Menu_Detail_Page_Secret_Menu_Howie_5-0_Pizzas%20%281%29.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2023-07/HH_Website_Menu_Detail_Page_Secret_Menu_Greektown_Pizza%20%281%29.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2023-06/HH_Website_Menu_Detail_Page_Bee_Sting_Pizza.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/pizza/large-inches.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Butter.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Butter%20Cheese.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Asiago%20Cheese.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Ranch.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Cajun.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Sesame.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Garlic%20Herb.svg",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/images/2023-04/HH_Italian_Herb_Icon_93k_v2.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/sites/default/files/images/2024-06/HH_Dill_Pickle_Icon_93k.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com/themes/custom/hungry_howies/assets/images/close_desktop.png",
"https://www.hungryhowies.com//www.franchising.com/n/o_hungryhowiespizzasub.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/themes/custom/hungry_howies/favicon.ico
|
https://www.hungryhowies.com/secret-menu
|
See The Nutrition Builder
Sizes
14”
Large
8 Slices
*Our Gluten-Free Pizza Crust does not contain wheat, barley, or rye and has less than 20 parts per million of gluten. Please refer to our FAQs for a complete list of ingredients. Because we make dough fresh daily at each of our locations, trace glutens may be present in our pizza kitchens. We do not recommend our gluten-free crust for those who are hyper-sensitive to gluten or with celiac disease.
Additional Toppings
Pepperoni
Classic Cupped Pepperoni
Ham
Mushrooms
Green Peppers
Red Onions
Italian Sausage
Ground Beef
Black Olives
Mild Peppers
Bacon
Pineapple
Tomatoes
Jalapeños
Feta Cheese
Cheddar Cheese
Grilled Chicken
Steak
Green Olives
Anchovies
Hot Honey Drizzle
*Not all toppings available at all locations. May be an additional charge for premium toppings
Flavored Crust®️
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Limited Time Flavored Crust®️
Hungry Howie’s® and its related marks are trademarks of Hungry Howie’s Pizza & Subs, Inc. (HHPSI), a Michigan corp., 30300 Stephenson Highway, Suite 200, Madison Heights, Michigan 48071 248-414-3300. Trademark use in the State of Florida is under license to HH Pizza, Inc., a Florida corp., 2109 -D Main Street, Dunedin, Florida, 34698 727-734-8800. Pepsi and related marks are trademarks of PepsiCo.
Locations (except in Florida) are franchised to independent owners and operators by HHPSI. Locations in Florida are franchised to independent owners and operators by HH Pizza, Inc.
Prices & participation may vary. Subject to change w/o notice. Tax, delivery, additional/premium toppings or breads, crust styles, & Howie Wings may be extra. NUTRITION INFO. Calorie needs vary. 2,000 calories a day used for general nutrition advice. If you are having trouble using this website call 314-732-4586 or your local store.
To help make delivery service available to all our customers, even if you ordered directly from Hungry Howie’s, orders may be delivered by DoorDash®.
©2023 Hungry Howie’s Pizza & Subs, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hungry Howie’s® and its related marks are trademarks of Hungry Howie’s Pizza & Subs, Inc. (HHPSI), a Michigan corp., 30300 Stephenson Highway, Suite 200, Madison Heights, Michigan 48071 248-414-3300. Trademark use in the State of Florida is under license to HH Pizza, Inc., a Florida corp., 2109 -D Main Street, Dunedin, Florida, 34698 727-734-8800. Pepsi and related marks are trademarks of PepsiCo.
Locations (except in Florida) are franchised to independent owners and operators by HHPSI. Locations in Florida are franchised to independent owners and operators by HH Pizza, Inc.
Prices & participation may vary. Subject to change w/o notice. Tax, delivery, additional/premium toppings or breads, crust styles, & Howie Wings may be extra. NUTRITION INFO. Calorie needs vary. 2,000 calories a day used for general nutrition advice. If you are having trouble using this website call 314-732-4586 or your local store.
To help make delivery service available to all our customers, even if you ordered directly from Hungry Howie’s, orders may be delivered by DoorDash®.
©2023 Hungry Howie’s Pizza & Subs, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 67
|
https://987thebomb.com/restaurant-review-walkons-sports-bistreaux/
|
en
|
Restaurant Review: Walk*On’s Sports Bistreaux
|
[
"https://townsquare.media/site/987/files/2021/03/256_b.png",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2021/07/attachment-Walk-Ons-Front.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/987/files/2021/03/512-11.jpg?w=100",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2023/02/attachment-RS45859_IMG_3176-scr.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2023/02/attachment-IMG_5975.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2023/02/attachment-IMG_5851.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2022/09/attachment-IMG_3672.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/179/files/2022/10/attachment-IMG_4285-1-e1666267811459.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/341/files/2020/04/263.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/158/files/2022/08/attachment-RS3347_86479587-scr.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/158/files/2021/09/attachment-RS815_149796125.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/158/files/2022/05/attachment-google.jpg?w=980&q=75"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"walk on",
"sports",
"restaurant",
"cajun",
"amarillo",
"food",
"review",
"amarillo news",
"around amarillo"
] | null |
[
"Ryan Kramer"
] |
2021-07-29T14:27:24+00:00
|
An OK experience that COULD leave me wanting to come back
|
en
|
98.7 The Bomb
|
https://987thebomb.com/restaurant-review-walkons-sports-bistreaux/
|
When you move to a new city, you try out some new restaurants right? Well the family and I ran out to Westgate Mall yesterday and everyone was hungry afterwards.
So we hooked a left on Soncy and looked for a place we'd never been before. Enter Walk*On's Sports Bistreaux. It looked like the perfect place for us. Lots of sports on TV and with the way Bistreaux was spelled, it screamed Cajun style food. We were sold.
FROM THE STREET
A big sign greets you from half a mile away. You can see this clearly coming down Soncy to announce they are there and ready to hook you up with some grub. Bright and loud, it's an immediate attention getter. Nice work, you sucked us in.
ENTRANCE
When you are walking in from the parking lot, a message on the brick outside will tell you exactly what you're getting into. This confirmed it was exactly what we were hoping it would be. All the sports you can take with Cajun style food that my family loves.
BAR
This is what I'm talking about. Look at all those TV's with sports on em! A solid selection of beer on tap along with a fully stocked bar greets you to your left. It's inviting and draws you in immediately. I could see myself spending Sundays there during football season.
FOOD
Alright, let's get down to it. The menu was placed in front of us and we realized it was going to be a challenge to decide what to get. A lot of Cajun favorites like Crawfish Etouffee, fried catfish, Cajun inspired pasta were prevalent on the menu. Yes, they have some other favorites like sandwiches and burgers for those who aren't huge fans of the Cajun food.
I ended up settling on the fried catfish and fries. When it came out, I was pleasantly surprised at what was on my plate. A HUGE portion to start with, so much so I've got lunch for the next day before I even start eating. The catfish came out in strips, so you could eat them as finger food if you so desire. I immediately dive in. The catfish is fried perfectly and has great flavor. Could've maybe used a little seasoning, but overall I came away happy with the catfish.
On to the fries...this is where it gets a little dicey. My youngest makes a comment, "these fries taste stale dad". He wasn't wrong. A good portion of them were definitely dry and chewy. No crunch and not light and fluffy like you hope on the inside. I hand one to my wife and her assessment was "they almost taste freezer burnt". I think that's the best way to put it. 3 out of 4 of us ended up with fries with their meal, and we all ultimately passed on eating pretty much any of them. Bummer, we all love some french fries.
My oldest got himself a bacon burger which he pretty much slammed down. If he doesn't speak and he just eats, it's probably pretty solid. He's a picky one, so I'm gonna say the burger was a winner.
My wife went with the soup and salad option. Crawfish Etouffee for the soup, Caesar salad on the other side. The Etouffee at first bite almost tasted as if it came out of a can, but give it a second and the flavor really popped. That saved it in my opinion because that initial bite threw me off a bit. The salad was ok, crunchy leaves on the top, but pretty limp and soggy on the bottom.
My youngest got the same thing I did, so no need to rehash that one.
OVERALL
Our final bill came out to $85. 4 meals, 2 appetizers, 2 beers and 3 soft drinks. Not overly bad, but felt a little pricey when you break down the quality of the food. I'm not opposed to going back and giving it another shot, but we'll all definitely be getting something that doesn't involve fries. However, I still see this being one of my go-to spots if I wanna hit the bar and watch a game or two.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 93
|
https://www.mapquest.com/ca/alberta/pizza-73-272743752
|
en
|
Pizza 73, 15703 66 St Nw, Edmonton, Alberta T5Y 3A5, CA
|
[
"https://www.mapquest.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fgoogle-badge.315ec102.webp&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fgoogle-badge.315ec102.webp&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.mapquest.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fapple-badge.cb9bdb68.webp&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fapple-badge.cb9bdb68.webp&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.mapquest.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Famazon-badge.0c038046.webp&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Famazon-badge.0c038046.webp&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.mapquest.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia-cdn.tripadvisor.com%2Fmedia%2Fphoto-o%2F1a%2F52%2F91%2F8c%2Fpizza-73.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Get more information for Pizza 73 in Edmonton, Alberta. See reviews, map, get the address, and find directions.
|
en
|
/icon.png?645f33d294f26f93
|
https://www.mapquest.com/ca/alberta/pizza-73-272743752
|
Partial Data by Infogroup (c) 2024. All rights reserved.
Partial Data by Foursquare.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 29
|
https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/feature/delivering-sustainability/
|
en
|
Delivering Sustainability
|
[
"https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/CWRE24-1068x200-2.jpg",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=811611417280954&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Box-ad-1.png",
"https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AM_WR_ANGENCY_AD_300x600_PROOF-1.png",
"https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Untitled-design-98-300x60.png",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=4966618&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Chakmakian"
] |
2009-05-31T19:00:00+00:00
|
Serving Canada's collection, hauling, processing, and disposal industries
|
en
|
Waste & Recycling
|
https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/feature/delivering-sustainability/
|
When Pizza 73 opened its first location in 1985 the company embarked on a path of innovation that quickly led to new products, marketing concepts and its signature double-decker pizza boxes. The boxes have remained to this day a symbol for the brand and an example of early environmental stewardship. While many customers enjoy the hot and fresh products inside, what’s on the outside is just as appealing.
The original double-decker pizza boxes are believed to be the first and only boxes in the Canadian pizza industry to integrate packaging efficiency, functionality and convenience with environmental sustainability. Through its two-tiered layers, customers receive two pizzas — or a pizza and a wing meal — all in one compact container. This distinctive feature uses fewer materials to serve twice as much food, while reducing the amount of energy and water needed to create the boxes. Both the pizza and wing boxes are made from 100 per cent recycled materials with 94 per cent of its content coming from post-consumer fibre.
“Pizza 73’s double-decker boxes are an example of how you don’t have to sacrifice performance, convenience or great taste for sustainability,” affirms Pat Finelli, chief marketing officer for Pizza 73. “These innovations are a testament to the entrepreneurial spirit and demonstrate how sustainable business practices lead to better business and industry leadership.”
Last year, Pizza 73 and parent company Pizza Pizza spared more than 100,000 trees simply by using recycled materials in their boxes. Pizza 73 was acquired in 2007 by Pizza Pizza Limited, making it Canada’s number one pizza chain in terms of sales. Combined, Pizza 73 / Pizza Pizza operate more than 600 traditional and non-traditional restaurants.
As everyone knows, corrugated cardboard is a thin, stiff material made from paper pulp which is a combination of ridged (corrugated) materials in between two flat facings. This type of material is recyclable and naturally biodegradable when it doesn’t contain any food and is in dry condition. While many pizza boxes are recyclable, what makes Pizza 73 boxes special is that they have evolved over time to use fewer materials and an improved grade of corrugated cardboard. Today these boxes are lighter, while still maintaining the temperature, humidity and freshness of the meal inside.
By recycling corrugated cardboard, consumers can help conserve natural resources like water and energy, reduce the amount of carbon sequestered from the atmosphere, and supply an excellent source of fibre for recycling. According to Environment Canada, products from recycled cardboard use about 25 per cent less energy and create half as much pollution than if they were made from virgin materials.
Pizza 73 aims to satisfy each and every customer by providing excellent quality food and true value in a fast and friendly manner. Founded in 1985, from coast to coast. The company is a leader in the communities in which it operates by providing in-kind support and volunteers to numerous charities, events, youth programs, and sports teams at the corporate and franchise level.
Ani Chakmakian is with Torchia Communications in Edmonton, Alberta. Contact Ani at ani@torchiacom.com
———
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 6
|
https://madeinnewyorkpizza.com/blog/the-perfect-nyc-pizza-starts-with-cheese-a-look-at-your-favorite-melty-topping/
|
en
|
Pizza Perfection Starts with Cheese: Your Favorite Melty Toppings
|
[
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171307/412393871_18210098569281854_3518994561276922194_n.jpg 843w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171307/412393871_18210098569281854_3518994561276922194_n-300x300.jpg 300w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171307/412393871_18210098569281854_3518994561276922194_n-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171307/412393871_18210098569281854_3518994561276922194_n-768x768.jpg 768w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171307/412393871_18210098569281854_3518994561276922194_n.jpg",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n.jpg 1079w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n-300x300.jpg 300w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n-768x768.jpg 768w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171305/435670838_18224132896281854_34272704015833553_n.jpg",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella-300x169.jpg 300w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella-1536x865.jpg 1536w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171303/Mozzarella.jpg",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone.webp 2000w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone-300x300.webp 300w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone-150x150.webp 150w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone-768x768.webp 768w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone-1536x1536.webp 1536w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/29171302/Provolone.webp",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"admin"
] |
2024-03-11T18:10:07+00:00
|
The world of cheese is wilder than you can imagine. Of course, not every cheesy treat is appropriate for a pizza. In fact, there’s some good news: just three primary types are used for the best pizza in NYC.
|
en
|
Made In New York Pizza
|
https://madeinnewyorkpizza.com/blog/the-perfect-nyc-pizza-starts-with-cheese-a-look-at-your-favorite-melty-topping/
|
The world of cheese is wilder than you can imagine. Of course, not every cheesy treat is appropriate for a pizza. In fact, there’s some good news: just three primary types are used for the best pizza in NYC.
Other cheeses can add a touch of exotic flavor to a gourmet pie, but there’s no replacing the standards, which are usually combined in a unique house blend specific to each pizza shop. These legends are the ooey-gooey foundations upon which all pizzadom comfortably rests.
Well, what are they? It’s time for some formal introductions.
High-moisture mozzarella is common on Neopolitan pies, but due to its short shelf life, it isn’t the standard here in the Big Apple. Most NYC pizza shops use the denser, saltier, low-moisture mozzarella for their Margheritas.
A good pizzeria will grate their mozzarella in-house, ensuring that no extra additives mess with the melt. This is the backbone of any good house blend because of its versatility – often making up 50% or more. It knows it’s the star of the show, so it doesn’t mind sharing the spotlight with the other contenders.
The second most common cheese added to the mix is provolone, an Italian semi-hard cheese. The flavor varies greatly depending on how long it is aged, but it’s known for having a signature mild tanginess.
Generally, the New York slice features provolone that has not aged too long to maintain a creamier texture and sweeter flavor. Some superfans claim that a provolone pizza is peak, but for most of us, it’s best when adding depth of flavor in combination with the other cheeses.
Speaking of flavor… everyone, give a warm welcome to parmesan. Parmesan is usually shredded or shaved on top of freshly made pizzas. Because of its dry texture, it’s uncommon for this one to be part of the mix that goes into the oven.
Parmesan isn’t much of a melter. It was born to stand out, not to blend in. Its flavor doesn’t fare well at high temperatures, either. It’s usually added to a piping hot pie fresh from the oven, completing the cheesy picture at the most crucial moment.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 24
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pizza-73-introduces-gluten-free-141818894.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Introduces Gluten-Free Pizzas
|
[
"https://finance.yahoo.com/_td_api/beacon/info?beaconType=noJSenabled&bucket=finance-US-en-US-def&code=pageRender&device=desktop&lang=en-US&pageName=deeplink®ion=US&rid=6pimql9jbq0id&site=finance&t=1723662925626",
"https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/kZIi0uHtLdRLprg.fiy.NQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtoPTQ4/https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/Z0nZkpYYc7voHBEMdkKHpw--~B/aD0wO3c9MDthcHBpZD15dGFjaHlvbg--/http://l.yimg.com/os/284/2013/04/02/Marketwired-Logo-RGB-JPG_124346.jpg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=7241469&c5=1183300001&c7=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fpizza-73-introduces-gluten-free-141818894.html&c14=-1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Marketwired"
] |
2012-10-17T14:18:18+00:00
|
The one in 133 Canadians who are affected by an allergic intolerance to wheat or gluten will now find it a little easier to enjoy quick-serve pizza in Western Canada. Pizza 73, a leading pizza chain in ...
|
en
|
https://s.yimg.com/rz/l/favicon.ico
|
Yahoo Finance
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pizza-73-introduces-gluten-free-141818894.html
|
EDMONTON, ALBERTA--(Marketwire - Oct 17, 2012) - The one in 133 Canadians who are affected by an allergic intolerance to wheat or gluten will now find it a little easier to enjoy quick-serve pizza in Western Canada. Pizza 73, a leading pizza chain in the region, has introduced a gluten-free offering that features four new pizzas at its 72 locations in Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
Available in a 10" crust, the line of gluten-free pizzas are made using a rice-based flour as the main ingredient and were launched in response to the dietary needs and trends expressed by its customers. Customers can choose from four types of pizzas: Cheese, Pepperoni, Hawaiian (ham and pineapple) and Veggie (fresh mushrooms, green peppers, red onions and Roma tomatoes), priced at $9.99 or $10.99 each.
"We''re dedicated to offering a diverse menu selection to all customer groups," said Pat Finelli, chief marketing officer for Pizza 73/Pizza Pizza. "That includes people with celiac disease or related intolerance. A significant segment of the population has a sensitivity to gluten and often an entire household has to change its eating habits to adapt to someone suffering from gluten intolerance."
Gluten intolerance, or celiac disease, is an inherited autoimmune disease where the lining of the small intestine is damaged by gluten, a protein found in grains like wheat, barley and rye. The only therapy for celiac disease is to follow a gluten-free diet.
In making the gluten-free crust, Pizza 73 has implemented a series of procedures and controls to prevent product cross-contamination. In addition to having specific utensils for the product and preparation surfaces, the company has sent all store staff an updated training guide containing new product information, educational material about allergens, as well as cooking and sanitizing procedures to ensure maximum food safety.
The gluten line-up adds to Pizza 73''s crust options, which includes traditional pan, super pan and whole-wheat multigrain dough recipes. For a complete list of allergens, nutritional information and menu options at Pizza 73, visit www.pizza73.com.
About Pizza 73
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 68
|
https://www.stockwatch.com/News/Item/Z-C!PZA-3375154/C/PZA
|
en
|
Stockwatch
|
[
"https://www.stockwatch.com/News/Image/PZA03.07.23.1.png",
"https://www.stockwatch.com/News/Image/PZA03.07.23.2.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
Mr. Paul Goddard reports
PIZZA PIZZA ROYALTY CORP. ANNOUNCES STRONG FOURTH QUARTER and FULL YEAR RESULTS and a 3.6 per cent DIVIDEND INCREASE
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. has released its financial results for the three months and 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2022.
Fourth Quarter highlights:
Same store sales increased 13.0 per cent
Royalty Pool sales increased 11.2 per cent
Adjusted earnings per share(5) increased 11.1 per cent
Working capital(5) reserve increased $0.5 million during the quarter to $7.5 million at December 31, 2022
Payout ratio(5) was 91 per cent
18 new restaurants opened
Monthly cash dividend increased 3.7 per cent effective November
Year-to-Date highlights:
Same store sales increased 15.2 per cent
Royalty Pool sales increased 15.1 per cent
Adjusted earnings per share(5) increased 14.3 per cent
Working capital(5) increased $1.0 million
Payout ratio(5) was 95 per cent
45 new restaurants opened
Monthly cash dividend increased 16.7 per cent in 2022
Paul Goddard, chief executive officer, Pizza Pizza Ltd. (PPL) said: "Our sales increased by double digits during the year while we also opened a record 45 new restaurants. Our restaurants managed through inflationary pressures from both commodity and labour increases. The positive momentum throughout 2022 allowed for three dividend increases as walk-in and pickup sales increased significantly as pandemic restrictions were relaxed or removed, and we are pleased to announce another dividend increase surpassing our pre-COVID dividend rate. We look to continue the sales momentum by leveraging our marketing strengths while featuring our high-quality menu offerings."
Sales
For the three months ended Dec. 31, 2022, system sales from the 727 restaurants in the royalty pool increased 11.2 per cent to $153.2-million from $137.7-million in the same quarter last year when there were 725 restaurants in the royalty pool. By brand, sales from the 624 Pizza Pizza restaurants in the royalty pool increased 13.2 per cent to $132.1-million for the quarter compared with $116.7-million in the same quarter last year. Sales from the 103 Pizza 73 restaurants increased 0.4 per cent to $21.1-million for the quarter compared with $21.0-million in the same quarter last year.
For the 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2022, royalty pool system sales for the year increased 15.1 per cent to $568.3-million from $493.6-million in the same period last year. By brand for the year, sales from the 624 Pizza Pizza restaurants in the royalty pool increased 17.7 per cent to $490.6-million compared with $416.9-million in the prior year. Sales from the 103 Pizza 73 restaurants increased 1.2 per cent to $77.7-million compared with $76.7-million in 2021.
For the quarter and year, the increase in royalty pool system sales is primarily driven by the increase in same-store sales and the full reopening of the economy, and many non-traditional locations reopening as the year progressed. Additionally, while the number of restaurants in the royalty pool increased in 2022, it remains less than 2019 when there were 772 restaurants in the royalty pool. The negative impact on royalty pool system sales due to prior-year restaurant closures has been mitigated by the make-whole carryover amount.
Same-store sales growth (SSSG)
SSSG, the key driver of yield growth for shareholders of the company, increased 13.0 per cent (2021: 12.4 per cent) for the quarter and 15.2 per cent (2021: 0.5 per cent) for the year.
SSSG is driven by the change in the customer check and customer traffic, both of which are affected by changes in pricing and sales mix. During the quarter and year, the average customer check increased as the brands successfully passed along retail price increases largely related to commodity and labour increases. At Pizza Pizza, for the quarter and year, the increase in SSSG was driven by consumers significantly increasing restaurant visits compared with the prior year partially due to the lifting of COVID-19-related public health restrictions. Sales also benefited from value messages and promotional brand activities, plus the reopening of non-traditional locations as well as students returning to in-person classes. At Pizza 73, which depends heavily on pizza delivery versus in-store visits, the SSSG was adversely affected by customers preparing more meals at home plus competition from third party food delivery apps resulting in a decline in overall customer orders.
Monthly dividend and working capital reserve
Subsequent to the quarter-end, with the reported strong SSSG and working capital, the board of directors approved a 3.6-per-cent increase in the monthly dividend, from seven cents to 7.25 cents per share, effective March, 2023. The dividend will be payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on March 31, 2023, and will be paid on April 14, 2023.
The Company declared shareholder dividends of $5.1-million for the Quarter, or $0.2075 per share, compared with $4.4-million, or $0.180 per share, for the prior year comparable quarter. The payout ratio is 91 per cent for the Quarter and was 87 per cent in the prior year, comparable quarter.
The Company declared shareholder dividends of $19.6-million for the Year, or $0.7975 per share, compared with $16.9-million, or $0.685 per share, for the prior year comparable period. The payout ratio is 95 per cent for 2022 and was 94 per cent in 2021.
The Company's policy is to distribute all available cash in order to maximize returns to shareholders over time, after allowing for reasonable reserves. Despite seasonal variants inherent to the restaurant industry, the Company's policy is to make equal dividend payments to shareholders on a monthly basis in order to smooth out income to shareholders.
The Company's working capital reserve is $7.5-million at December 31, 2022, which is an increase of $0.5-million in the Quarter due to the 91 per cent payout ratio. With the increase in the monthly dividend in February, June and November 2022 and March 2023, the Company believes that there is sufficient cash flow to service the Company's obligations as they fall due, while also increasing the monthly dividend above its pre-COVID levels.
The reserve is available to stabilize dividends and fund other expenditures in the event of short- to medium-term variability in System Sales and, thus, the Company's royalty income. The Company has historically targeted a payout ratio at or near 100 per cent on an annualized basis. See "Dividends".
CREDIT FACILITY
On June 28, 2019, the Partnership amended and extended its $47-million credit facility with a syndicate of chartered banks from April 2020 to April 2025. The credit facility bears interest at the Canadian Bankers' Acceptance rate plus a credit spread between 0.875 per cent to 1.375 per cent, depending on the level of debt-to-earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), with EBITDA defined as annualized earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
In April 2020 the facility interest was at an effective interest rate of 2.685 per cent comprised of a fixed rate of 1.81 per cent plus a credit spread of 0.875 per cent through to March 31, 2021. In April 2021, the credit spread increased to 1.125 per cent pursuant to the table described below, raising the combined interest rate to 2.935 per cent. In April 2022, the credit spread decreased as the impact of COVID-19 lessened and earnings improved, the effective interest rate decreased to 2.685 per cent.
CURRENT INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Current income tax expense for the Quarter increased to $1.7-million from $1.5-million. For the Year, current income tax increased to $6.1-million from $5.2-million. The increase for the Quarter and Year are a result of the increase in the Company's earnings before income taxes.
Earnings per share (EPS)
Fully diluted basic EPS increased 15.3 per cent to 20.75 cents for the quarter compared with the prior-year comparable quarter and increased 16.4 per cent to 79.75 cents for the year.
As compared with basic EPS, the Company considers Adjusted EPS(5) to be a more meaningful indicator of the Company's operating performance and, therefore, presents fully-diluted, adjusted EPS. Adjusted EPS for the quarter increased 11.2 per cent to 23.8 cents when compared with the same period in 2021 and increased 14.4 per cent to 88.3 cents for the year.
RESTAURANT DEVELOPMENT
As announced earlier this year, the number of restaurants in the Company's Royalty Pool increased by two locations to 727 on the January 1, 2022 Adjustment Date, and consists of 624 Pizza Pizza restaurants and 103 Pizza 73 restaurants. The number of restaurants in the Royalty Pool will remain unchanged through December 31, 2022.
During the Quarter, PPL opened 10 traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants, including four openings in British Columbia, three in Nova Scotia, two in Quebec and one in New Brunswick, and opened eight non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants. PPL closed one traditional and two non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants. At the Pizza 73 brand, PPL had no openings and closed one non-traditional restaurant.
During the Year, PPL opened 24 traditional and 19 non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants, and closed eight traditional and 16 non-traditional restaurants, the majority of which were smaller movie theatre venues. Additionally, at the Pizza 73 brand, PPL opened one traditional and one non-traditional restaurant, closed four non-traditional restaurants, and converted two Pizza 73 traditional restaurants into Pizza Pizza restaurants.
New restaurant construction continues across Canada as PPL executes on its national expansion plan. PPL management expects to grow its traditional network by 3 to 4 per cent in 2023; its franchisee pipeline remains strong and its renovation program will continues through 2023.
Readers should note that the number of restaurants added to the Royalty Pool each year may differ from the number of restaurant openings and closings reported by PPL on an annual basis as the periods for which they are reported differ slightly.
SELECTED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables set out selected financial information and other data of Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. ("PPRC" or the "Company") and should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2022 audited consolidated financial statements of the Company ("Financial Statements"). Readers should note that the 2022 results are not directly comparable to the 2021 results due to there being 727 restaurants in the 2022 Royalty Pool compared with 725 restaurants in the 2021 Royalty Pool.
A copy of the Company's audited annual consolidated financial statements and related Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") will be available on SEDAR and the Pizza Pizza website after the market closes on March 7, 2023.
As previously announced, the Company will host a conference call to discuss the results. The details of the conference call are as follows:
Date: Tuesday, March 7 2023
Time: 5:30 p.m. ET
Call-in number: 416-764-8650 / 888-664-6383
Recording call in number: 416-764-8677 / 888-390-0541 (Available until midnight, March 21, 2023)
Conference ID: 954770
A recording of the call will also be available on the Company's website.
We seek Safe Harbor.
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 13
|
https://money.tmx.com/en/quote/PZA:OMG/news/5245714912554677
|
en
|
TMX Money
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 11
|
https://www.retaildive.com/ex/mobilecommercedaily/pizza-73-uses-mobile-app-to-bring-in-dough
|
en
|
Pizza 73 brings in fundraising dough via mobile
|
https://www.retaildive.com/favicon.ico?v=2
|
https://www.retaildive.com/favicon.ico?v=2
|
[
"https://d12v9rtnomnebu.cloudfront.net/logo/publications/retail_black.svg",
"https://d12v9rtnomnebu.cloudfront.net/logo/publications/retail_black.svg",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/menu.svg?273117231121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/search.svg?320116291121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/email_icons/mail.svg?273117231121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/search.svg?320116291121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/close.svg?273117231121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/imgproxy/Jz97GJ-mN8C8ldCrVmNo_459J1Yka4HlWTolE5VXgtI/g:ce/rs:fill:600:338:1/bG9jYWw6Ly8vZGl2ZWltYWdlL0x1bWJlcl9MaXF1aWRhdG9yc19TdG9yZV9ZcHNpbGFudGlfTWljaGlnYW5fVlFZQ1dZYi5KUEc=.webp",
"https://www.retaildive.com/imgproxy/hRqz45Rk0djjRGdWRWjL0nLbF9ETR_k4Ml7vfzIjNps/g:nowe:87:0/c:1192:673/rs:fill:600:338:1/bG9jYWw6Ly8vZGl2ZWltYWdlL0lNR18yNjgxLmpwZWc=.webp",
"https://www.retaildive.com/imgproxy/wvFtX2WvpapqlgYq8G8q8q6B6zsoPpjqtoH4nzMVXAk/g:ce/rs:fill:600:338:1/bG9jYWw6Ly8vZGl2ZWltYWdlL01lZGl1bV9KUEVHLWJyYW5kX2NhbXBhaWduLWRyZWFtX29uLWp1bmUtMjAyNC1yZ2ItMTUuanBn.webp",
"https://www.retaildive.com/imgproxy/vxadM-H6vAhHoLT6rSwFEb7fseWDVLiu53qFMx6SWD0/g:ce/rs:fill:600:338:1/bG9jYWw6Ly8vZGl2ZWltYWdlL0JpZ19Mb3RzX3N0b3JlZnJvbnRfMjAyNC5qcGc=.webp",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/lib_icons/podcast-black.svg?141716111021",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/lib_icons/survey-black.svg?141716111021",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/lib_icons/playbook-black.svg?141716111021",
"https://res.cloudinary.com/dmgi9movl/image/upload/dpr_2.0,h_48,w_48/v1723654262/press_release/assets/company_logos/Marketing_Maven_Logo_ubvjzg.png",
"https://res.cloudinary.com/dmgi9movl/image/upload/dpr_2.0,h_48,w_48/v1723649001/press_release/assets/company_logos/clearsale-sa-vector-logo-2022_y3fll1.png",
"https://res.cloudinary.com/dmgi9movl/image/upload/dpr_2.0,h_48,w_48/v1722529680/press_release/assets/company_logos/MRI_400X400_RGB_nmupok.png",
"https://res.cloudinary.com/dmgi9movl/image/upload/dpr_2.0,h_48,w_48/v1723160564/press_release/assets/company_logos/Untitled_design_-_2024-08-08T174059.017_hruoxi.png",
"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=https%3A//www.businessoffashion.com/articles/marketing-pr/inside-nike-big-marketing-vibe-shift/",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/offsite.svg?141716111021",
"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=https%3A//sourcingjournal.com/topics/retail/qurate-ceo-david-rawlinson-open-vessel-capacity-east-coast-port-qvc-hsn-522075/",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/offsite.svg?141716111021",
"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=https%3A//wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/wellness/alice-mushrooms-fundraise-1236543029/",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/offsite.svg?141716111021",
"https://d12v9rtnomnebu.cloudfront.net/logo/corporate/ID_black.svg",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/close.svg?273117231121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/search.svg?320116291121",
"https://www.retaildive.com/static/img/menu_icons/chevron_down.svg?102717100918",
"https://analytics.twitter.com/i/adsct?txn_id=l6guz&p_id=Twitter&tw_sale_amount=0&tw_order_quantity=0",
"https://t.co/i/adsct?txn_id=l6guz&p_id=Twitter&tw_sale_amount=0&tw_order_quantity=0"
] |
[
"//www.youtube.com/embed/VqhDFyBtJXw"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Retail industry news, voices and jobs. Optimized for your mobile phone.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico?v=2
|
https://www.retaildive.com/ex/mobilecommercedaily/pizza-73-uses-mobile-app-to-bring-in-dough
|
Canadian pizza restaurant Pizza 73 has seen a six percent increase since last year in mobile or Web-based orders.
As mobile continues to gain momentum for pizza chains, Pizza 73 is among a growing group of brands now making a bigger marketing push using the medium.Partnering with Children’s Miracle Network for its annual “Slices for Smiles” campaign, Pizza 73 customers will be able to make a donation to Children’s Miracle Network when placing their order by mobile app.
“Pizza 73 is successful because they offer a clear value to customers while making the donation process easy and repeatable,” said Cezar Kolodziej, President and CEO of Iris Mobile, Chicago.
“The widespread reliance on mobile devices presents significant opportunity for food and beverage marketing,” he said. “People are sensitive to discounts and promotions when it comes to food and beverage purchases.”
“Also, these types of purchases are often unplanned and impulsive, making the timing of discount and promotion information key to marketing success.”
Mr. Kolodziej is not affiliated with Pizza 73. He commented based on his expertise on the subject.
Pizza 73 did not meet press deadline.
Slices for smiles
From April 21-May 11, consumers can buy a nine-inch plain pizza animated with a smiley face made of pepperoni slices for $4.99.
The idea behind the product is to integrate the feel good aspect of donations through food.
In addition to buying the discounted menu items, customers can support the fundraiser by purchasing a smile coupon, available at Pizza 73 locations for $1, or by topping their telephone, online or mobile orders with a donation.
Slices for Smiles is Pizza 73’s annual campaign that donates a portion of proceeds from the sale of special menu items.
In 2013, the restaurant chain raised $300,000 for Children’s Miracle Network and its 14 member children’s hospitals, bringing the grand total of funds since partnership in 2008, to more than $1.3 million, according to the company’s Web site.
At the same time, mobile donations are gaining steam.
For example, restaurant rewards platform Mogl received an update late last year which gives users the option to donate their rewards money to local food banks.
Mogul diners earn 10 percent cash back when they eat at any restaurant supported by the platform. When users earn rewards, they can choose to donate all or some of the cash to a local food bank. Users can also compete with others to see who can contribute the most money.
This social entrepreneurship of using business to help solve real world problems gives individuals an opportunity to participate at their own convenience.
Appetite for apps
The Pizza 73 app lets pizza lovers create a personalized pie with their fingers and reorder their favorite menu items in three taps.
Menu and special items are all accessible via the app based on a mobile device’s built-in GPS. Consumers can opt for in-home delivery or choose to pick up their order.
“Mobile is a great way for consumers to donate to charitable causes and people are becoming increasingly comfortable these types of transactions. Mobile donations can be executed in seconds and confirmed just as quickly, giving people peace of mind that their money has been received,” Mr. Kolodziej said.
“Donations will increasingly be handled via mobile because of the convenient and immediate nature of the medium,” he said. “Most everyone can participate in these types of transfers and the personal nature of mobile as a means of donation makes it additionally attractive.
“Mobile donations are most certainly an innovation that we will see more and more frequently in the future.”
Final Take:
Michelle is editorial assistant on Mobile Commerce Daily, New York
|
|||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 44
|
https://businessmodelnavigator.com/companies
|
en
|
Business Model Navigator
|
[
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/bmn.svg",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/1.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/2.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/3.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/4.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/5.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/6.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/7.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/8.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/9.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/10.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/11.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/12.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/13.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/14.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/15.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/16.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/17.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/18.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/19.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/20.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/21.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/22.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/23.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/24.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/25.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/26.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/27.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/28.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/29.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/30.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/31.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/32.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/33.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/34.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/35.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/36.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/37.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/38.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/39.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/40.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/41.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/42.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/43.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/44.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/45.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/46.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/47.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/48.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/49.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/50.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/51.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/52.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/53.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/54.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/55.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/56.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/57.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/58.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/59.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/60.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/61.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/62.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/63.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/64.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/65.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/66.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/67.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/68.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/69.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/70.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/71.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/72.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/73.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/74.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/75.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/76.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/77.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/78.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/79.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/80.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/81.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/82.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/83.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/84.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/85.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/86.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/87.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/88.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/89.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/90.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/91.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/92.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/93.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/94.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/95.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/96.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/97.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/98.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/99.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/100.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/101.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/102.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/103.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/104.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/105.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/106.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/107.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/108.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/109.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/110.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/111.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/112.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/113.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/114.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/115.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/116.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/117.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/118.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/119.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/120.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/121.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/122.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/123.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/124.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/125.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/126.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/127.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/128.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/129.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/130.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/case-firms-logos/131.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/BMILab-Logo-small.png",
"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/img/bg-pattern-cards-prize.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
This comprehensive list enables you to explore over 100 business models of iconic firms, and learn how they excel in their particular industry.
|
en
| null |
ARM
Arm Holdings (Arm) is a British multinational semiconductor and software design company, owned by SoftBank Group and its Vision Fund. Headquartered in Cambridge, United Kingdom, its primary business is in the design of ARM processors (CPUs), although it also designs software development tools under the DS-5, RealView and Keil brands, as well as systems and platforms, system-on-a-chip (SoC) infrastructure and software. It is considered to be market dominant for processors in mobile phones (smartphones or otherwise) and tablet computers. The company is one of the best-known 'Silicon Fen' companies.
Abbot Downing
As a brand of the multinational bank Wells Fargo, Abbot Downing offers financial services business to the wealthiest sector of society, ‘ultra-high-net-worth’ individuals capable of investing in excess of US $50 million. In return, clients receive a range of services that goes beyond those of traditional banks, such as asset planning over family generations, wealth education, risk assessment, trust management, tax payment support and legacy planning. The company is able to operate profitably with a relatively small customer base, since its fees are very high.
Abril
Abril Moda is a fashion brand that was created using the Open Business model out of 29 small textile companies based in Costa Rica. These companies formed a consortium to unite their efforts to create a single fashion brand under which to market their products. Using the social media platform hi5, and with support from their partner Barrabes, these companies succeeded in sharing their marketing and communication resources, enabling the consortium to split the costs of an effective marketing and branding campaign.
Airbnb
Airbnb is an American company which operates an online marketplace and hospitality service for people to lease or rent short-term lodging including holiday cottages, apartments, homestays, hostel beds, or hotel rooms, to participate in or facilitate experiences related to tourism such as walking tours, and to make reservations at restaurants. The company does not own any real estate or conduct tours; it is a broker which receives percentage service fees in conjunction with every booking. Like all hospitality services, Airbnb is an example of collaborative consumption and sharing. The company has over 4 million lodging listings in 65,000 cities and 191 countries and has facilitated over 260 million check-ins.
Aldi
Aldi is the common brand of two discount supermarket chains with over 10,000 stores in 20 countries, and an estimated combined turnover of more than €50 billion. Based in Germany, the chain was founded by brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946 when they took over their mother's store in Essen, which had been in operation since 1913. Aldi's German operations consist of Aldi Nord's 35 individual regional companies with about 2,500 stores in western, northern, and Eastern Germany, and Aldi Süd's 32 regional companies with 1,600 stores in western and southern Germany. Internationally, Aldi Nord operates in Denmark, France, the Benelux countries, Portugal, Spain and Poland, while Aldi Süd operates in Ireland, Great Britain, Hungary, Switzerland, Australia, China, Italy, Austria and Slovenia.
Amazon Kindle
The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of March 2018, the store has over six million e-books available in the United States.
Amazon Store
Amazon is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994. The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales. The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization.
Amazon Web Services
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to individuals, companies and governments, on a paid subscription basis. The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware (CPU(s) & GPU(s) for processing, local/RAM memory, hard-disk/SSD storage); a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, CRM, etc.
American Express
The American Express Company, also known as Amex, is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Three World Financial Center in New York City. The company was founded in 1850 and is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company is best known for its charge card, credit card, and traveler's cheque businesses. In 2016, credit cards using the American Express network accounted for 22.9% of the total dollar volume of credit card transactions in the US. As of December 31, 2017, the company had 112.8 million cards in force, including 50 million cards in force in the United States, each with an average annual spending of $18,519.
Apple iPhone/AppStore
iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone line of products use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases have been released since. The original iPhone was described as 'revolutionary' and a 'game-changer' for the mobile phone industry. Newer iterations have also garnered praise, and the iPhone's success has been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world's most valuable publicly traded companies.
Apple iPod/iTunes
The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 1⁄2 months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. As of July 27, 2017, only the iPod Touch remains in production. Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named 'Music' and 'Videos' are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.
Aravind Eye Care System
Aravind Eye Hospitals is a hospital chain in India. It was founded by Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy (popularly known as Dr.V) at Madurai, Tamil Nadu in 1976. It has grown into a network of eye hospitals and has had a major impact in eradicating cataract related blindness in India. As of 2012, Aravind has treated nearly 32 million patients and performed 4 million surgeries, the majority of them being cheap or free making it the world’s largest and most productive eye-care service group. The model of Aravind Eye Care hospitals has been applauded and has become a subject for numerous case studies across the world.
BASF
BASF SE is a German chemical company and the largest chemical producer in the world. The BASF Group comprises subsidiaries and joint ventures in more than 80 countries and operates six integrated production sites and 390 other production sites in Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas and Africa. Its headquarters is located in Ludwigshafen, Germany. BASF has customers in over 190 countries and supplies products to a wide variety of industries. Despite its size and global presence, BASF has received relatively little public attention since it abandoned manufacturing and selling BASF-branded consumer electronics products in the 1990s. At the end of 2015, the company employed more than 122,000 people, with over 52,800 in Germany alone. In 2015, BASF posted sales of €70.4 billion and income from operations before special items of about €6.7 billion. The company is currently expanding its international activities with a particular focus on Asia.
Bayer
Bayer AG is a German multinational, pharmaceutical and life sciences company. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, where its illuminated sign is a landmark. Bayer's primary areas of business include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals; consumer healthcare products; agricultural chemicals and biotechnology products; and high value polymers. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The company's motto is 'science for a better life.' Bayer's first and best known product was aspirin.
Best Buy
Best Buy is an American multinational consumer electronics retailer headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. It was originally founded by Richard M. Schulze and James Wheeler in 1966 as an audio specialty store called Sound of Music. In 1983, it was rebranded under its current name with more emphasis placed on consumer electronics. Best Buy was named 'Company of the Year' by Forbes magazine in 2004, 'Specialty Retailer of the Decade' by Discount Store News in 2001, ranked in the Top 10 of 'America\'s Most Generous Corporations' by Forbes in 2005 (based on 2004 giving), and made Fortune magazine's list of 'Most Admired Companies' in 2006.
Blacksocks
Blacksocks is a European sock subscription service and online retailer. For an annual subscription price, customers receive three pairs of socks three times a year. The socks come in a limited variety of sizes and styles, with options such as calf socks, knee socks and silk cashmere socks. The socks are manufactured near Milan, Italy. The company has also expanded into a line of underwear and t-shirts, as well as offering athletic and ski socks. Blacksocks has 60,000 active customers, primarily in France, Germany and Switzerland, and, as of March, 2009, the company maintains a growing presence in the United States.
Blockbuster
Blockbuster, was an American-based provider of home movie and video game rental services through video rental shops, DVD-by-mail, streaming, video on demand, and cinema theater. Blockbuster became internationally known throughout the 1990s. At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster employed 84,300 people worldwide, including about 58,500 in the United States and about 25,800 in other countries, and had 9,094 stores in total, with more than 4,500 of these in the US.
Brilliance China Auto
Brilliance Auto Group (officially HuaChen Group Auto Holding Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Shenyang. Its products include automobiles, microvans, and automotive components. Its principal activity is the design, development, manufacture and sale of passenger cars sold under the Brilliance brand. In 2010, Brilliance Auto Group and its subsidiaries had an annual production capacity of 800,000 vehicles although capacity additions may have come on-line since. In 2012, the company manufactured almost 650,000 vehicles, the 8th-largest production of any Chinese vehicle maker that year. Roughly 70% of production was consumer sedans.
CDnow
CDnow operated an online shopping website that sold compact discs and music-related products. In April 1998, during the dot-com bubble, the company was valued at over $1 billion; however, it was acquired by Bertelsmann Music Group in July 2000 for $117 million. In November 2002, Amazon.com began operating the CDNow website, and later shut down. At its peak, it employed over 750 people and had offices in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, New York City, London, and Los Angeles.
Car2Go
car2go is a German car rental company. It is a subsidiary of Daimler AG providing carsharing services in urban areas in Europe, North America, and China. The company offers exclusively Smart Fortwo and Mercedes-Benz vehicles and features one-way point-to-point rentals. Users are charged by the minute, with hourly and daily rates available. The service forgoes the typical centralized rental office, and cars are user-accessed via a downloadable smartphone app wherever they are parked. As of July 2017, car2go is the largest carsharing company in the world with 2,500,000 registered members and a fleet of nearly 14,000 vehicles in 26 locations in North America, Europe and Asia.
Carnegie Steel
Carnegie Steel Company was a steel producing company primarily created by Andrew Carnegie and several close associates, to manage businesses at steel mills in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area in the late 19th century. The company formed in 1892 and was subsequently sold in 1901 in one of the largest ever business transactions of the early 20th century, to become the major component of the United States Steel Corporation. The subsequent sale made Carnegie one of the richest men in history.
Dell
Dell is an American multinational computer technology company based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services. Eponymously named after its founder, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the world, employing more than 103,300 people worldwide. Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its 'build-to-order' or 'configure to order' approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications.
Denner
Denner is a discount supermarket chain in Switzerland. It is Switzerland's third largest supermarket chain after Migros and Coop with 11.4% market share. It is owned by the Federation of Migros Cooperatives since 2007. As of 2014, Denner has 797 stores (491 own stores and 306 running as franchise) and a revenue of 3.2 billion CHF. Denner is the second largest wine-seller in Switzerland.
Deutsche Post
The Deutsche Post AG, operating under the trade name Deutsche Post DHL Group, is a German postal service and international courier service company, the world's largest. With its headquarters in Bonn, the corporation has 510,000 employees. The postal division delivers 61 million letters each day in Germany, making it Europe's largest such company. The Express division (DHL) claims to be present in over 220 countries and territories. The Deutsche Post is the successor to the German mail authority Deutsche Bundespost, which was privatized in 1995 and became a fully independent company in 2000. DHL Express is a wholly owned subsidiary. Since its privatization, Deutsche Post has significantly expanded its business area through acquisitions.
Dollar Shave Club
Dollar Shave Club is a Venice, California-based company that delivers razors and other personal grooming products to customers by mail. It delivers razor blades on a monthly basis and offers additional grooming products for home delivery. Dollar Shave Club was founded by Mark Levine and Michael Dubin. The pair met at a party and spoke of their frustrations with the cost of razor blades. With their own money and investments from start-up incubator Science Inc., they began operations in January 2011 and launched their website in April 2011. On July 19, 2016, Dollar Shave Club was acquired by Unilever for a reported $1 billion in cash.
Dropbox
Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by American company Dropbox, Inc., headquartered in San Francisco, California, that offers cloud storage, file synchronization, personal cloud, and client software. Dropbox was founded in 2007, by MIT students Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi, as a startup company, with initial funding from seed accelerator Y Combinator. It has been ranked as one of the most valuable startups in the US and the world, with a valuation of over US$10 billion, and it has been described as one of Y Combinator's most successful investments to date. However, Dropbox has also experienced criticism and generated controversy for issues including security breaches and privacy concerns.
Facebook
Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California. Its website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes. Facebook can be accessed from a large range of devices with Internet connectivity, such as desktop computers, laptops and tablet computers, and smartphones. Facebook has more than 2.2 billion monthly active users as of January 2018. Its popularity has led to prominent media coverage for the company, including significant scrutiny over privacy and the psychological effects it has on users.
Flyeralarm
With almost 300,000 customers, Flyeralarm, founded in 2002, is one of the largest printing companies in Europe. Customers place orders on the E-commerce website and receive products, including flyers, magazines, office supplies, branded accessories, brochures, etc. Users specify the format, size, colour, artwork and paper quality and many orders are delivered within 24 hours. Flyeralarm is an example of an efficient E-commerce website on which the printing process is automated, thereby eliminating intermediaries and reducing costs while customers are attracted to the fast, efficient service and inexpensive printing supplies Flyeralarm offers.
Ford
Ford is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV. In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components. During the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century, it was close to bankruptcy, but it has since returned to profitability. Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker (behind General Motors) and the fifth-largest in the world (behind Toyota, VW, Hyundai-Kia and General Motors) based on 2015 vehicle production.
Foxconn
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Foxconn Technology Group, is a multinational electronics contract manufacturing company headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan. Today, it is the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer and the fourth-largest information technology company by revenue. The company is the largest private employer in Taiwan and one of the largest employers worldwide. Its founder and chairman is Terry Gou. Foxconn manufactures electronic products for major American, Canadian, Chinese, Finnish, and Japanese companies. Notable products manufactured by Foxconn include the BlackBerry, iPad, iPhone, iPod, Kindle, Nokia devices, PlayStation 4, Wii U, and Xbox One. As of 2012, Foxconn factories manufactured an estimated 40% of all consumer electronics sold worldwide.
Freitag lab.ag
Founded in 1993, Freitag uses a range of old materials (mainly from vehicles), such as canvas covers from trucks, inner tubes and airbags, to manufacture bags and fashion accessories. The eco-friendly nature of the business attracts many ecologically aware customers and those seeking unusual and stylish designs. The company employs a strong green marketing strategy to support the concept of reusable materials in businesses. The recycling of old materials makes the company’s resource costs very low, but without compromising quality since many of the materials recovered are durable and waterproof. These cost savings can be transferred to customers. Today, the company has over 130 employees and sells its products in more than 400 stores worldwide.
General Electric
General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. As of 2018, the company operates through the following segments: aviation, healthcare, power, renewable energy, digital, additive manufacturing, venture capital and finance, lighting, transportation, and oil and gas. In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 13th-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 20 as the 14th-most profitable company. As of 2012, the company was listed as the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account. Two employees of GE have been awarded the Nobel Prize: Irving Langmuir in 1932 and Ivar Giaever in 1973.
Gillette
Gillette is a brand of men's and women's safety razors and other personal care products including shaving supplies, owned by the multi-national corporation Procter & Gamble (P&G). Based in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, it was owned by The Gillette Company, a supplier of products under various brands until that company merged into P&G in 2005. The Gillette Company was founded by King C. Gillette in 1901 as a safety razor manufacturer. Under the leadership of Colman M. Mockler Jr. as CEO from 1975–91, the company was the target of three takeover attempts, from Ronald Perelman and Coniston Partners. On October 1, 2005, Procter & Gamble finalized its merger with the Gillette Company.
Google
Google is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet.
Groupon
Groupon is an American worldwide e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries. Based in Chicago, Groupon was launched in November 2008, and the first market for Groupon was Chicago, followed soon thereafter by Boston, New York City and Toronto. By October 2010, Groupon was available in 150 cities in North America and 100 cities in Europe, Asia and South America, and had 35 million registered users. By the end of March 2015, Groupon served more than 500 cities worldwide, nearly 48.1 million active customers and featured more than 425,000 active deals globally in 48 countries.
H&M
Hennes & Mauritz AB is a Swedish multinational clothing-retail company known for its fast-fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children. H&M and its associated companies operate in 62 countries with over 4,500 stores and as of 2015 employed around 132,000 people. It is the second-largest global clothing retailer, just behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of Zara). The company has a significant on-line presence, with on-line shopping available in 33 countries.
Harley Davidson
Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer, founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903. Harley-Davidson manufactures its motorcycles at factories in York, Pennsylvania; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Kansas City, Missouri, Manaus, Brazil, and Bawal, India. Construction of a new plant in Thailand is scheduled to begin in late 2018. The company markets its products worldwide. Besides motorcycles, the company licenses and markets merchandise under the Harley-Davidson brand, among them apparel, home decor and ornaments, accessories, toys, and scale figures of its motorcycles, and video games based on its motorcycle line and the community.
Hewlett-Packard
The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp) or Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. Hewlett-Packard split the PC and printers business from its enterprise products and services business on November 1, 2015, resulting in two publicly traded companies: HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise. In 2017, Hewlett Packard Enterprise spun-off its Enterprises Services division as DXC Technology and its Software division to Micro Focus.
Hindustan Unilever
Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is an Indian consumer goods company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a subsidiary of Unilever, a British-Dutch company. HUL's products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents, personal care products and water purifiers. HUL was established in 1933 as Lever Brothers and, in 1956, became known as Hindustan Lever Limited, as a result of a merger among Lever Brothers, Hindustan Vanaspati Mfg. Co. Ltd. and United Traders Ltd. It employs over 16,000 workers, while it also indirectly helping to facilitate the employment of over 65,000 people. The company was renamed in June 2007 as 'Hindustan Unilever Limited'
HomeBuy
The UK government facilitates shared equity chiefly through the Homes and Communities Agency. As of 2009 this was under the banner of HomeBuy. This aims to help households earning up to £60,000 p.a. New Build HomeBuy is where purchasers buy at least 25% of a newly built home, and pay rent on the remainder. The HCA generally subsidises housing associations or other providers to hold the remaining share. The rent is capped at 3% of the value of the unsold share, but typically set at 2.75%. Purchasers may buy additional shares whenever they can afford to do so; this is known as 'staircasing'. HomeBuy Direct was introduced in 2009, under which the government and a housing developer jointly fund an equity loan of 30% of the valuation, so that the purchaser only needs to pay a mortgage on 70% of the value. If the purchaser buys an additional share, all three parties participate in any increase in value. The HCA allocated £300 million to the scheme for 2009—2011, and 10,000 homes are available under the initiative.
Hotmail
Outlook.com is a web-based suite of webmail, contacts, tasks, and calendaring services from Microsoft. One of the world's first webmail services, it was founded in 1996 as Hotmail (stylized as HoTMaiL) by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith in Mountain View, California, and headquartered in Sunnyvale. Microsoft acquired Hotmail in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and launched it as MSN Hotmail, later rebranded to Windows Live Hotmail as part of the Windows Live suite of products. Microsoft released the final version of Hotmail in October 2011 and it was replaced by Outlook.com in 2013.
Humble Bundle
Humble Bundle, Inc. is a digital storefront for video games, which grew out of its original offering of Humble Bundles, collections of games sold at a price determined by the purchaser and with a portion of the price going towards charity and the rest split between the game developers. Humble Bundle continues to offer these limited-time bundles, but have expanded to include a greater and more persistent storefront. The Humble Bundle concept was initially run by Wolfire Games in 2010, but by its second bundle, the Humble Bundle company was spun out to manage the promotion, payments, and distribution of the bundles. In October 2017, the company was acquired by Ziff Davis through its IGN Entertainment subsidiary, though will continue to operate as a separate subsidiary.
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed 'International Business Machines' in 1924. IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2018) for 25 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.
IKEA
IKEA is a Swedish-founded multinational group that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, kitchen appliances and home accessories, among other useful goods and occasionally home services. It has been the world's largest furniture retailer since at least 2008. It was founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad, who was listed by Forbes in 2015 as one of the ten richest people in the world, worth more than $40 billion. The company's name is an acronym that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad (name of founder), Elmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and Agunnaryd (his hometown in Småland, southern Sweden).
Intel
Intel Corporation (commonly known as Intel and stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley and on 6 Campus Drive, Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey. It is the world's second largest and second highest valued semiconductor chip maker based on revenue after being overtaken by Samsung, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing.
JCDecaux
JCDecaux Group (JCDecaux SA) is a multinational corporation based in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, France, known for its bus-stop advertising systems, billboards, public bicycle rental systems, and street furniture. It is the largest outdoor advertising corporation in the world. The company was founded in 1964 in Lyon, France by Jean-Claude Decaux. Over the years it has expanded aggressively, partly through acquisitions of smaller advertising companies in several countries. Its headquarters is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb of Paris, France. JCDecaux currently employs more than 13,030 people worldwide and maintains a presence in over 75 countries. In France alone, JCDecaux employs more than 3,500 people.
Lamborghini
Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi. Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, including Ferrari. The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.
Lego
Lego System A/S, doing business as The Lego Group (stylised as The LEGO Group), is a Danish toy production company based in Billund. It is best known for the manufacture of Lego-brand toys, consisting mostly of interlocking plastic bricks. The Lego Group has also built several amusement parks around the world, each known as Legoland, and operates numerous retail stores. The company was founded on 10 August 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen. The word 'lego' is derived from the Danish words 'leg godt', meaning 'play well'. In the first half of 2015, The Lego Group became the world's largest toy company by revenue, with sales amounting to US$2.1 billion, surpassing Mattel, which had US$1.9 billion in sales. On 11 August 2017, Lego announced that Niels B. Christiansen would become the new CEO, effective 1 October of the same year.
Lego Factory
Lego Design byME was a service connected with the construction toy Lego. The service was launched in 2005 under the name Lego Factory until changing its name to 'Lego Design byME'. Using this service, people could design their own Lego models using a computer program, then upload them to the Lego website, design their own box design, and order them for actual delivery. The brand also covers a small selection of products that have been designed by Lego fans, and which were available to purchase as a set.
LinkedIn
LinkedIn is a business and employment-oriented service that operates via websites and mobile apps. Founded on December 28, 2002, and launched on May 5, 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking, including employers posting jobs and job seekers posting their CVs. As of 2015, most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. As of April 2017, LinkedIn had 500 million members in 200 countries, out of which more than 106 million members are active. LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and 'connections' to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. The 'gated-access approach' (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship or an introduction through a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's members. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles.
Logitech
Logitech International S.A. is a Swiss provider of personal computer and mobile peripherals, with its headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland and administrative headquarters in Newark, California. In addition to its Swiss and American facilities, the company has offices throughout Europe, Asia and the rest of the Americas. Logitech's sales and marketing activities are organized into three geographic regions: Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. The company develops and markets personal peripherals for PC navigation, video communication and collaboration, music and smart homes. This includes products like keyboards, mice, tablet accessories, webcams, Bluetooth speakers, universal remotes and more.
Lufthansa
Deutsche Lufthansa AG, commonly known as Lufthansa, is the largest German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, also the largest airline in Europe both in terms of fleet size and passengers carried during 2017. The name of the company is derived from the German word, Luft 'air' and Hansa, the Hanseatic League. Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance, formed in 1997.
Marriott International
Marriott International is an American multinational diversified hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels and related lodging facilities. Founded by J. Willard Marriott, the company is now led by his son, Executive Chairman Bill Marriott, and President and Chief Executive Officer Arne Sorenson. Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, Marriott International is the largest hotel chain in the world. It has more than 6,500 properties in 127 countries and territories around the world, over 1.2 million rooms (as of September 2017), and an additional 195,000 rooms in the development pipeline. In 2017, Marriott was ranked #33 on Fortune's '100 Best Companies to Work For' list, its twentieth appearance on the list.
Max Havelaar
Fairtrade International (also known as Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International or Max Havelaar) was established in 1997, and is an association of 3 producer networks, 19 national labelling initiatives and 3 marketing organizations that promote and market the Fairtrade Certification Mark in their countries. Fairtrade labelling organizations exist in 18 European countries as well as in Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In 2009, Fair trade certified sales amounted to approximately €3.4 billion (US $4.9 billion) worldwide, a 15% increase from 2008. As of 2011, 827 producer organizations in 58 developing countries were FLOCert Fairtrade certified.
McDonald's
McDonald's is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in early 2018.
McFit
The McFIT GmbH is the largest fitness center chain in Germany and Europe with 246 studios and over 1.4 million members in Germany, Austria, Italy, Poland and Spain. The company's headquarters is in Schlüsselfeld. Directed by founder Rainer Schaller, the company generated about €160 million in total revenue in 2010. The chain follows a no-frills policy: Membership costs €19.90 per month. It includes access to every area, as well as the shower fee. Most clubs in Germany, Austria ,Spain and Poland are open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Members are allowed to bring their own drinks. Until February 2011, McFit offered a free magazine, but it doesn't offer additional services like a wellness area or courses (e.g. Aerobics).
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. As of 2016, it is the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies. The word 'Microsoft' is a portmanteau of 'microcomputer' and 'software'.
Napster
Napster is the name given to three music-focused online services. It was founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing Internet service that emphasized sharing digital audio files, typically audio songs, encoded in MP3 format. The company ran into legal difficulties over copyright infringement. It ceased operations and was eventually acquired by Roxio. In its second incarnation, Napster became an online music store until it was acquired by Rhapsody from Best Buy on December 1, 2011. Later companies and projects successfully followed its P2P file sharing example such as Gnutella, Freenet, Kazaa, BearShare, and many others. However, some services, like LimeWire, Scour, Grokster, Madster, and eDonkey2000, were brought down or changed due to copyright issues.
Nestlé Nespresso
Nestlé Nespresso S.A., trading as Nespresso, is an operating unit of the Nestlé Group, based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Nespresso machines brew espresso and coffee from coffee capsules, or pods in machines for home or professional use, a type of pre-apportioned single-use container of ground coffee beans, sometimes with added flavorings. Once inserted into a machine, the capsules are pierced and processed, water is then forced against a heating element at high pressure meaning that only the quantity for a single cup is warmed. Nespresso is a premium price coffee, and by 2011 had annual sales in excess of 3 billion Swiss francs. The word Nespresso is a portmanteau of Nestlé and Espresso, a common mechanic used across other Nestlé brands (Nescafé, BabyNes, Nesquik).
Netflix
Netflix is an American media services provider headquartered in Los Gatos, California, founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California. The company's primary business is its subscription-based streaming media service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television programs, including those produced in-house. As of October 2018, Netflix has 137 million total subscribers worldwide, including 58.46 million in the United States. It is available worldwide except in Mainland China, Syria, North Korea, and Crimea. The company also has offices in the Netherlands, Brazil, India, Japan, and South Korea.
Nike
Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services. The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. As of 2017, the Nike brand is valued at $29.6 billion.
Nintendo
Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto. Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as Mario, The Legend of Zelda, and Pokémon. Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels. Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball.
Nokia
Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2017, Nokia employed approximately 102,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. It is the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500, and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.
Payback
PAYBACK is India’s largest multi-brand loyalty program. PAYBACK has a profound influence in the daily lives of more than 100 Million Members. It drives their purchase decisions as they like to earn points on every activity. More than 100 partners are in the program including ICICI Bank, HP Petrol Pumps, Big Bazaar, Central, MobiKwik, Goomo. Members earn points when they shop for grocery, fuel their vehicle, make payments using a Credit / Debit Card or a mobile wallet & more. Not restricted to shopping or payment, members also earn points by writing reviews on TripAdvisor, taking a survey or shopping online via PAYBACK at Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra & other leading shopping websites.
Pebble Technology
Pebble is a discontinued smartwatch developed by Pebble Technology Corporation. Funding was conducted through a Kickstarter campaign running from April 11, 2012, through May 18, 2012, which raised $10.3 million; at the time, it was the most funded project in Kickstarter history. Pebble began shipping watches to Kickstarter backers in January 2013. Pebble watches can be connected to Android and iOS devices to show notifications and messages. An online app store distributes Pebble-compatible apps from many third party developers, including ESPN, Uber, Runkeeper, and GoPro.
Pepsi
PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York. PepsiCo has interests in the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which included an acquisition of Tropicana Products in 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio.
Pinterest
Pinterest, Inc. is a web and mobile application company that operates a software system designed to discover information on the World Wide Web, mainly using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos. The site was founded by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra and Evan Sharp. Pinterest has reached 250 million monthly active users as of October 2018. Pinterest CEO Ben Silbermann summarized the company as a 'catalogue of ideas' that inspires users to 'go out and do that thing', rather than as an image-based social network.
Red Bull
Red Bull is an energy drink sold by Red Bull GmbH, an Austrian company created in 1987. Red Bull has the highest market share of any energy drink in the world, with 6.302 billion cans sold in a year (as of 2017). Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz was inspired by an existing energy drink named Krating Daeng, which was first introduced and sold in Thailand by Chaleo Yoovidhya. He took this idea, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of Westerners, and, in partnership with Chaleo, founded Red Bull GmbH in 1987 in Chakkapong, Thailand. In Thai, daeng means red, and a krating (known in English as a gaur or Indian bison) is a large species of wild bovine native to South Asia. Yoovidhya's heirs own majority stakes in both brands, and they both use the same red bull on yellow sun logo while continuing to market the separate drinks to the respective Thai and Western markets.
Renault
Groupe Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles. According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles, bumping Volkswagen AG off the top spot.
Richelieu Foods
Richelieu Foods is a private label food manufacturing company founded in 1862, headquartered in Randolph, Massachusetts, previously owned by investment group Brynwood Partners and owned from 2010 by investment group Centerview Partners LLC and sold December 2017 to Freiberger USA Inc., Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA, a subsidiary of the german Südzucker AG. The company—which produced frozen pizza, salad dressing, sauces, marinades, condiments and deli salads to be marketed by other companies as their store brand or white label brand—manufactures over 50 million frozen pizzas and more than 20 million finished crusts annually, reporting more than $200 million in yearly sales.
Ryanair
Ryanair DAC is an Irish low-cost airline founded in 1984, headquartered in Swords, Dublin, Ireland, with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports. In 2016, Ryanair was the largest European airline by scheduled passengers flown, and carried more international passengers than any other airline. Ryanair operates more than 400 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft, but also as a backup and for pilot training. The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion, a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model. Ryanair's route network serves 37 countries in Europe, Africa (Morocco), and the Middle East (Israel and Jordan).
SBB
Swiss Federal Railways (German: Schweizerische Bundesbahnen, SBB; French: Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses, CFF; Italian: Ferrovie federali svizzere, FFS) is the national railway company of Switzerland. It is usually referred to by the initials of its German, French and Italian names, either concatenated as SBB CFF FFS, or used separately. The Romansh version of its name, Viafiers federalas svizras, is not officially used. The company is headquartered in Bern. It used to be a government institution, but since 1999 it has been a special stock corporation whose shares are held by the Swiss Confederation or the Swiss cantons.
Sega
Sega Games Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company, previously known as both Sega Enterprises Ltd. and Sega Corporation, is a subsidiary of Sega Holdings Co., Ltd., which itself is part of Sega Sammy Holdings. Sega's North American division, Sega of America, is headquartered in Irvine, California, while its European division, Sega of Europe, is headquartered in London. The formation of Sega is traced back to the founding of Nihon Goraku Bussan in 1960 to take over the distribution activities of Service Games of Japan. After acquiring Rosen Enterprises in 1965, the company became known as Sega Enterprises, Ltd. Sega began developing coin-operated games in 1966 with Periscope, an arcade game.
Shell
Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known as Shell, is a British-Dutch oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom. It is one of the six oil and gas 'supermajors' and the sixth-largest company in the world measured by 2016 revenues (and the largest based in Europe). Shell was first in the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies; in that year its revenues were equivalent to 84% of the Netherlands' $556 billion GDP.
SlideShare
SlideShare (today LinkedIn SlideShare) is a hosting service for professional content including presentations, infographics, documents, and videos. Users can upload files privately or publicly in PowerPoint, Word, PDF, or OpenDocument format. Content can then be viewed on the site itself, on hand held devices or embedded on other sites. Launched on October 4, 2006, the website is considered to be similar to YouTube, but for slideshows. It was acquired by LinkedIn in 2012. The website was originally meant to be used for businesses to share slides among employees more easily, but it also has expanded to become a host of a large number of slides that are uploaded merely to entertain. Although the website is primarily a slide hosting service, it also supports documents, PDFs, videos and webinars. SlideShare also provides users the ability to rate, comment on, and share the uploaded content.
Spotify
Spotify Technology S.A. is a music streaming service developed by Swedish company Spotify Technology, which is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. Spotify launched their service on 7 October 2008. As of 20 August, 2018, it is available in 65 regions. It provides DRM-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with advertisements or limitations, while additional features, such as improved streaming quality and music downloads, are offered via paid subscriptions.
Standard Oil Company
Standard Oil Co. Inc. was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refinery in the world of its time. Its history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court, in a landmark case, ruled that Standard Oil was an illegal monopoly.
Starbucks
Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of 'second wave coffee', initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.
Subway
Subway is an American privately held fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads. Subway is one of the fastest-growing franchises in the world and, as of June 2017, has approximately 45,000 stores located in more than 100 countries. More than half of the stores are located in the United States. It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain, and the largest restaurant operator, in the world.
Swatch
Swatch (stylized as swatch) is a Swiss watchmaker founded in 1983 by Nicolas Hayek and a subsidiary of The Swatch Group. The Swatch product line was developed as a response to the 'quartz crisis' of the 1970s and 1980s, in which Asian-made digital watches were competing against traditional European-made mechanical watches. The name Swatch is a contraction of 'second watch', as the watches were intended as casual, disposable accessories.
Tchibo
Tchibo is a German chain of coffee retailers and cafés known for its range of non-coffee products that change weekly. The latter includes: clothing, household items, electronics and electrical appliances. In Germany, Tchibo's slogan is 'Every week a new world' (German: Jede Woche eine neue Welt). Tchibo has further expanded its product range to sell services such as travel, insurance and mobile-phone contracts. With over 1,000 shops, Tchibo is one of Germany's largest retail chains. The company is headquartered in Hamburg. Tchibo's coffee is sold in supermarkets in the United States, Canada, the Czech Republic, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Hungary, Ukraine, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Russia, United Arab Emirates, Poland, United Kingdom, and Lebanon.
The Home Depot
The Home Depot Inc. or Home Depot is an American home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. The company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in unincorporated Cobb County, Georgia (with an Atlanta mailing address). It operates many big-box format stores across the United States (including all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam), all 10 provinces of Canada, and the 32 federal entities of Mexico. The MRO company Interline Brands is also owned by The Home Depot with 70 distribution centers across the United States.
Toyota
Toyota Motor Corporation, usually shortened to Toyota, is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2017, Toyota's corporate structure consisted of 364,445 employees worldwide and, as of September 2018, was the sixth-largest company in the world by revenue. As of 2017, Toyota is the world's second-largest automotive manufacturer. Toyota was the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle. As of July 2014, Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization and by revenue.
Twitter
Twitter is an American online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as 'tweets'. Tweets were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, this limit was doubled for all languages except Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them. Users access Twitter through its website interface, through Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile-device application software. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, and has more than 25 offices around the world.
Valve Corporation
Valve Corporation is an American video game developer, publisher and digital distribution company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. It is the developer of the software distribution platform Steam and the Half-Life, Counter-Strike, Portal, Day of Defeat, Team Fortress, Left 4 Dead, and Dota 2 games. Valve was founded in 1996 by former Microsoft employees Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington. Their debut product, the PC first-person shooter Half-Life, was released in 1998 to critical acclaim and commercial success, after which Harrington left the company. In 2003, Valve launched Steam, which accounted for around half of digital PC game sales by 2011. By 2012, Valve employed around 250 people and was reportedly worth over US$3 billion, making it the most profitable company per employee in the United States. In 2015, Valve entered the game hardware market with the Steam Machine, a line of third-party built gaming PCs running Valve's SteamOS operating system.
Walmart
Walmart Inc. (formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses. As of January 31, 2018, Walmart has 11,718 stores and clubs in 28 countries, operating under 59 different names. The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India. It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Canada, and South Africa.
Warby Parker
JAND, Inc., doing business as Warby Parker, is an American online retailer of prescription glasses and sunglasses, based in New York City. Warby Parker primarily sells products through their website, but also feature retail locations in the U.S. and Canada. The company was founded in 2010 in Philadelphia by Neil Blumenthal, Andrew Hunt, David Gilboa, and Jeffrey Raider, and is headquartered in New York City. The name 'Warby Parker' derives from two characters that appear in a journal by author Jack Kerouac. The company's official corporate name is JAND Inc. and 'Warby Parker' is the company's trade name.
Wikipedia
Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free encyclopedia based on a model of openly editable content; a wiki. It is the largest and most popular general reference work on the World Wide Web, and is one of the most popular websites by Alexa rank. It is owned and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization which operates on money it receives from donors.
Xerox
Xerox Corporation is an American global corporation that sells print and digital document solutions, and document technology products in more than 160 countries. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut (having moved from Stamford, Connecticut in October 2007), though its largest population of employees is based around Rochester, New York, the area in which the company was founded. The company purchased Affiliated Computer Services for $6.4 billion in early 2010. As a large developed company, it is consistently placed in the list of Fortune 500 companies.
YouTube
The American company YouTube is an online video sharing platform based in San Bruno, California. In February 2005, the former PayPal employees - Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim - launched YouTube. Google bought the firm in November 2006 for $1.65 billion and consequently, YouTube functions as one of Google's subsidiaries. YouTube enables users to upload, watch, like, share, comment and subscribe to videos. Its services include a wide range of user-generated as well as corporate media videos.
Zara
Zara SA is a Spanish fast fashion (clothing and accessories) retailer based in Arteixo (A Coruña) in Galicia. The company was founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. It is the main brand of the Inditex group, the world's largest apparel retailer. The fashion group also owns brands such as Massimo Dutti, Pull&Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home, and Uterqüe. Zara as of 2017 manages up to 20 clothing collections a year.
eBay
eBay Inc. is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995, and became a notable success story of the dot-com bubble. eBay is a multibillion-dollar business with operations in about 30 countries, as of 2011. The company manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a wide variety of goods and services worldwide. The website is free to use for buyers, but sellers are charged fees for listing items after a limited number of free listings, and again when those items are sold.
Google Nest
Google is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet.
Streetline
Streetline was founded in 2005 and has its headquarters in Silicon Valley. Streetline is a subsidiary of Kapsch TrafficCom, a global supplier of intelligent transportation systems. Streetline provides solutions to urban management and operation problems through customized design and application of new sensor technologies. Its parking management system provides cities with true control and visibility of their complex inventory of on- and off-street parking spaces. It serves as a backbone for other sensor solutions and enables parking operators to set prices that optimize their parking revenues.
Somfy
Somfy is a French group of companies founded in 1969. Originally founded in Cluses in the Haute-Savoie, it is now one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of controls and drives for entrance gates, garage doors, venetian blinds and awnings. Somfy also manufactures other products for home automation such as security devices. The company is a member of home automation committees such as Connected Home over IP (with others like Google, Apple and Amazon), Thread and the Zigbee Alliance.
Panasonic and Allianz Assist
Panasonic Corporation is a large Japanese multinational electronics group with headquarters in Kadoma, Osaka. It was founded in 1918 by Kōnosuke Matsushita as a manufacturer of light bulb sockets. The company offers consumer electronics, of which it was the world's largest manufacturer at the end of the 20th century. Panasonic provides a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionics systems, and home renovation and construction.
DUFL
The American company DUFL was founded in 2015. DUFL simplifies business trips by shipping, cleaning and storing business clothing. The company developed a smartphone application for business travellers with which they can manage to pack and ship baggage. DUFL offers a service that allows users to store their sports equipment in a virtual closet and send it to its destination. DUFL operates in the United States and Japan.
Bertelsmann - Udacity
Bertelsmann is a German media, service and education company based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is active in around 50 countries worldwide. Its most important divisions include the television broadcaster RTL Group, the specialist book publisher Penguin Random House, the magazine publisher Gruner + Jahr, the music company BMG, the service provider Arvato, the Bertelsmann Printing Group, the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments, a global network of funds. Bertelsmann's most important principles are creativity and entrepreneurship. This combination promotes high quality media content and innovative service solutions that inspire clients globally.
Microsoft Teams
Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. As of 2016, it is the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies. The word 'Microsoft' is a portmanteau of 'microcomputer' and 'software'.
Würth iBin
The German Würth Group is one of the world's leading companies trading in assembly and fastening materials. The company was founded in 1945 by Adolf Würth in Künzelsau in Germany. The group consists of more than 400 companies, which operate in over 80 countries. In the core business, the so-called Würth Line, the product range consists of more than 125,000 products for trade and industry companies: the product portfolio includes for example screws, screw accessories, dowel tools, chemical-technical products and protective equipment.
FELFEL
Felfel is a gastronomical service company which was founded in 2013. With its slogan “Good Food at Work” Felfel aims to provide daily delivery of fresh and healthy food to companies. Therefore, the Swiss family business installs a FelFel fridge at the customer site in which the portioned and individually packed dishes can be stored. Currently, the service is used by over 500 customers all over Switzerland. The company has two offices, one in Zürich and one in Lausanne.
HP Instant Ink
The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp) or Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. Hewlett-Packard split the PC and printers business from its enterprise products and services business on November 1, 2015, resulting in two publicly traded companies: HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise. In 2017, Hewlett Packard Enterprise spun-off its Enterprises Services division as DXC Technology and its Software division to Micro Focus.
Ubitricity
The privately held company Ubitricity was founded in 2008 in Berlin, Germany. Since its foundation, the firm has become a leading provider of intelligent solutions for charging and providing financial services for electric vehicles. To reach this, Ubitricity combines technological expertise with the possibilities of the digitalization. The customers can benefit from lean and low-cost charging stations that allow a ubiquitous roll-out of the charging infrastructure. Target customers are municipalities, real estate owners, fleet and fuel card operators as well as end consumers.
Google Glasses
Google is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet.
Amazon - Dash Concept
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to individuals, companies and governments, on a paid subscription basis. The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware (CPU(s) & GPU(s) for processing, local/RAM memory, hard-disk/SSD storage); a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, CRM, etc.
Bird
Bird was founded in 2017 by Travis VanderZanden, a former executive in Lyft and Uber. Bird is a scooter rental company based in Santa Monica, California. It rents electric scooters in several cities in North America and Europe. The user installs the Bird smartphone application, which displays all available scooters in the neighbourhood. Before starting a ride, the user enters payment information. Then the user scans the QR code on the scooter and starts the ride. To finish the ride, the user has to take a photo of the parked. Based on this information, the price for the ride is immediately debited from the user's credit card.
Amazon Alexa
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to individuals, companies and governments, on a paid subscription basis. The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware (CPU(s) & GPU(s) for processing, local/RAM memory, hard-disk/SSD storage); a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, CRM, etc.
Amazon Managed Blockchain
Amazon is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994. The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization, and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales. The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads/streaming, MP3 downloads/streaming, audiobook downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization.
Instagram
Instagram is a photo and video sharing service owned by Facebook, founded by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger and launched initially on iOS in October 2010. It enables users to upload media that can be edited with filters, organised by hashtags and geographical tags. Users can like photos and follow other users to add their content to a feed. This feature will apparently be discontinued in September 2020.
Easy Smart Grid
The German company Easy Smart Grid develops an innovative smart grid solution that allows a high degree of integration of (fluctuating) renewable generation. The technology enables the creation of a market in which energy producers and consumers can participate and be paid for their flexibility offer. Easy Smart Grid offers a simple and affordable solution to increase the full potential of demand management available on the grid.
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 52
|
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-notes/14469836
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 4
|
https://dbpedia.org/page/Pizza_73
|
en
|
About: Pizza 73
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300
|
[
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/dbpedia_logo_land_120.png",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/virt_power_no_border.png",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/LoDLogo.gif",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/sw-sparql-blue.png",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/od_80x15_red_green.png",
"https://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml-rdfa"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta.
|
DBpedia
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pizza_73
|
dbo:abstract
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. Pizza 73 was the first delivery chain in Alberta to have a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meal by phone; Pizza 73 has allowed orders online by the internet since 1995. The restaurant has been recognized as one of Canada's 50 best-managed services, and one of Alberta's 50 fastest-growing companies by Alberta Venture. (en)
rdfs:comment
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. (en)
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 49
|
https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/news/field-roast-grain-meat-pizza-73-plant-based-pizza/
|
en
|
Field Roast, Pizza 73 & Plant
|
[
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/search-icon.svg ",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/search-icon.svg ",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/hamburger.svg ",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/exit.svg ",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/search-icon.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/search-icon.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1.jpg 1080w, https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1-240x300.jpg 240w, https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1-819x1024.jpg 819w",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1.jpg 1080w, https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1-240x300.jpg 240w, https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/08/P73-Cauli-Super-Plant-feed-1080x1350-v1-819x1024.jpg 819w",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/02/Maple-Leaf-Foods-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/search-icon.svg ",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-down.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg",
"https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/wp-content/themes/maple_leaf_corporate/img/arrow-up.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2019-08-06T22:15:15+00:00
|
Greenleaf Foods, the owner of Field Roast, announces a partnership with Pizza 73 and will introduce a plant-based pizza available at all 88 Canadian locations.
|
en
|
Maple Leaf Foods
|
https://www.mapleleaffoods.com/news/field-roast-grain-meat-pizza-73-plant-based-pizza/
|
New ‘Super Plant Pizza’ is available on any crust, or Pizza 73’s Cauliflower Crust
AUGUST 6, 2019 (TORONTO, CANADA) – Greenleaf Foods, SPC, owner of Field Roast Grain Meat Co™ (“Field Roast”), the original maker of artisan plant-based meats and cheeses and a pioneer in the plant-based industry since 1997, today announced a partnership with Pizza 73 along with the introduction of a new plant-based pizza available at all 88 Canadian locations.
The new ‘Super Plant Pizza’ features Field Roast’s Mexican Chipotle Sausage as a crumble, which is made from grains, smoked Chipotle peppers, sweet onions, fresh-chopped garlic, apple cider vinegar, cumin seed, oregano and Chili de Arbol peppers, creating a bold flavour with a kick. The Field Roast Mexican Chipotle Sausage—along with other Field Roast plant-based meat and cheese products—is available in retail stores and natural food stores across Canada and the U.S.
The ‘Super Plant Pizza’ also includes homestyle Italian tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, and plant-based pepperoni, and is available on any crust, as well as Pizza 73’s new cauliflower crust. For an entirely vegan experience, consumers can also order the Cauliflower Super Plant pizza with dairy-free vegan cheese.
“Pizza 73 has built a reputation based on taste and speed. To help elevate that experience with delicious plant-based menu options is incredibly exciting,” said Dan Curtin, President of Greenleaf Foods, SPC. “As Canadians continue to experiment with plant-based eating, we will continue to innovate and deliver high-quality, artisanal products in the formats they know and love.”
The Field Roast brand offers plant-based meat and cheese that pay homage to regionally-beloved spices and ingredients, incorporating big, bold flavours that create a complex, layered taste experience. The brand makes it its mission to use only the finest quality, all-natural, whole food ingredients such as grains, fresh-cut vegetables, herbs and legumes. All Field Roast® products are vegan and do not contain any animal ingredients.
For more information on Field Roast, visit www.fieldroast.com and follow @FieldRoast on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. To learn more about Pizza 73, visit www.pizza73.com
###
About Greenleaf Foods, SPC
Greenleaf Foods, SPC is committed to shaping the future of plant-based foods. Established in 2018, the Company’s portfolio of leading plant-based protein brands includes Lightlife® and Field Roast Grain Meat Co.™. The Company is headquartered in Chicago, and is a wholly owned, independent subsidiary of Maple Leaf Foods Inc.
About Pizza 73
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 50
|
https://food96.com/place/pizza-73-17912
|
en
|
Pizza 73 16745 100 St NW T5X 3Z9
|
[
"https://food96.com/img/signin-modal/signin.svg",
"https://food96.com/img/signin-modal/signup.svg",
"https://food96.com/pic/food96.com.png",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/T1XPf0IqRmqbS7sk.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/EgdSXLpHljqzPDk0.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/pD8NtcQutAMekHto.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/T1XPf0IqRmqbS7sk.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/EgdSXLpHljqzPDk0.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/pD8NtcQutAMekHto.jpeg",
"https://food96.com/img/city-guide/single/map-sm.jpg",
"https://food96.com/pic/food96.com.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/de.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/fr.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/es.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Order food online. Get food delivery ⏰ hours, ☎️ phone number, address and map. | Food96
|
en
|
/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=JyAxjpOJMg
|
https://food96.com/place/pizza-73-17912
|
Pizza 73 is a Canadian restaurant chain that offers many different styles of pizza and sides. The menu is wide, ranging from gluten-free boneless wings to vegan pizza crusts. Founded in 1985, there are currently 89 locations throughout Western Canada, which include the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 84
|
https://beautifulbetween.com/love-jesus-but-want-to-die/
|
en
|
I love Jesus but I want to die: what you need to know about suicide
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/love-jesus-want-to-die-woman-e1529070402537.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/christian-suicide-man-bible-1024x684.jpg?resize=311%2C208",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/christian-suicide-fake-smile-1024x683.jpg?resize=279%2C186",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/i-love-jesus-sad-man-1024x683.jpg?resize=245%2C164",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2ac5e4a87441af84ec246cd492a4e5b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/46fbcac7b35f335c0d249cbc453b6144?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19b950baaf7364774f2628f50b2d0438?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2aa43011f32fe37b6720830fe82c7de8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8df89b26c6139666f4c2f103b36bb14e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19615a34bef67bb70e3369ad8c0c9437?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d6bef7655028729b60b573a9883ab02b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/490e405eda1f53a826e00cd7263dfb49?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/667370983ab2c376d7467865a1fb3358?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/56703ffd9fe50cc52572ae4e1e4f7bcb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a423d5b3dfca602bdbfe36c9f622ca1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae446401c279047fa804aa5fa7c91f6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d53d1402d94ee20c97211248087ae44b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/073f44b138639ec118ae1ed05037d2f8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3b5f6b259c5ee464bdbf345042c25425?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e03a0336a53ed2f8b6575e54b25648ac?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53800753cdc87c9422948a2884053778?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0265e1f9f4eebf123ece49503af2e00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2676036c88444bdabcfcd1c72d37e87a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aecf5c22c27c64a9b8f73fb2936ae8d3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8252827a7a734129fc7be27979e44dce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b08f4c7e49cbd03aadf40bd0b36cc8b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/767472458433ef3a45b2aa14c2bd663f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4c4fb8e52521a11c134e4d38c256c10e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/658043928befe8574c929d5a86fec44b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e22b2dc81c179de0527d62dd294d5dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b6f997802c8a207b491dd288836f697?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5f3cbd1103a2c70575e32d6ffc023e92?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fd2f3a0fafb7ed2ced3a4e3593f7099d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19615a34bef67bb70e3369ad8c0c9437?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b27e8c54992cbac164f36a5a7fa55e55?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea8ae051bed454f913dbc883424a59ea?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1b10e1ca66f8527fdd974274b13d3e04?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c938e85f464bec069a6daa555fd21d43?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae446401c279047fa804aa5fa7c91f6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ad13d51f2d83bd969ab3c2073b42eadc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a855a17b840366663fc1d6a707a869d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b167859ffe23d53d4bafcdca87a85b7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae8226d665c6529514ca327bce816061?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea8ae051bed454f913dbc883424a59ea?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17e8ded94045eb8186afcd1a50dd6839?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c6b211f717c81478e760be8596eea73c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7818ecfac8800c33ae6976cf89522fdd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/538a7a96eee3cf92e7d7e6eb9c49078c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a17c7de9ca65e556643a08db98b74461?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cad3f79516d7c7c6a4f8a361e1eb1034?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/57a1bb67ad523c13eee4967404b8bfe6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa29f2a8f2b25a705bbce2d42511da00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d2e19de15dc7fc4ed2760eb6752238e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae446401c279047fa804aa5fa7c91f6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae446401c279047fa804aa5fa7c91f6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/195d8fec701f384aab752c35126380b4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dcaa0e9aae21c7a84d58b7c3c3f64491?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4fd532dbcaae84179a1f4a13baba88d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9d52372b65731764e6f5645ec33d01cc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63548e02cb327ed4b6e11b393cbbd697?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/652470dad956593baa1dccd78dda7baa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/071248d03e21d75f42c09c181c4abdfd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ccbbaa61186ddfc74597a268c3a04876?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3417890ed41d01fd55cc59ba404885b4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/70621867f77bfaed039b951e84640b5e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/965430c43c94487bb2cb8bcf4063c5d0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e41c56eb38712c3fa5e1eab1b0487772?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/15a4246e9ba34312794c101a7c8ffbf9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a126a5dd1296b14ae2756df0dc081ad9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c52305c9e27d39c4011105ba4036c022?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0cde72de0648ad4501d1d7d1aff3304c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c9d319ef9c8849354892ddc47d2ebb33?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a4fdd9aab603f03be805756d5e70206?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e74ddfc271a257fc367acc662e50f206?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/45730834adf91b1743caae1f78561297?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7aadf22260bd1cf236f7b12a7a01947e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a75611aeb435a3163ee9105c3d9be10?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4bb740bbd2c973a7b8b2c2bcb90e909c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/416abdb11960453affea51101d0362f8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85b05858fa0f8e073b394766d66f0d14?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e77c8e536c885e062eb96c4f62198bbc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/eb5e10a1fe61d5c93a0e2c306ac7eec7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b359d874c1bbe15a7dd9254c366d2191?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/34f4e475f0f0e6e8d27c2011c729012f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/eabb1b1d0139fbe856b1a0f73e017fa1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d7d71041235ff6a895527526307a18e4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8693c2581252ad375f5e9308b18e279?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ab4ebd09c494bc7a94c91303f61c035?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6333896058d7a6b1d400503952d99b35?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ab4ebd09c494bc7a94c91303f61c035?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8debe8fdc6b68758519f56f4b9388f56?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17f1a2291c3d1ac94ae6854d2eb2c72a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be9646a80290b494b7b98a3caf4fe4a2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2605d7e296d0b042ce2564b398da0d3a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8fc76d76600b730c1036b286db8389a9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51ed1552bc9d22e51571bd5b28d8bcf6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5f3eca4067e644a6e1fced9797f6075b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51ed1552bc9d22e51571bd5b28d8bcf6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51ed1552bc9d22e51571bd5b28d8bcf6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a8b1eaa2421ec0d73bca491d1f0ea1e2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c6a7c99cb86de41e8ea07c1f78e2b95b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76d4cbdfb6beaab9fc6500a1c772dc85?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fe34d9bc7a463cf4f9c10dabcd5a631?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a70a7ebf988ee87b83189d8644daed0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0cfb991d17f2e690608d25988ff63?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/748582e8cb8bccc65b8441acded7d29e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/748582e8cb8bccc65b8441acded7d29e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0beb3a0307b66e9094b8ad30a4cf2313?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bfc006948df90eef17c075288e124b17?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e218841a1af3ab76cf0acc0467be972e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a8b1eaa2421ec0d73bca491d1f0ea1e2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/889abbb3433b95130e5c83a731d97932?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c47c1abdee0beac93093a6cdaf07eef1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66fdfb49caa1542cb1dfcda9a9de66e2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/23b704bd1ca42cb0427c9fd38f75ef99?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1040295c69977ed3302381197817f5fb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/74ecda0f8d74fbdfab16bc8f5cff0376?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/383d82f6234394db8d09db4f710a4b6f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a8b1eaa2421ec0d73bca491d1f0ea1e2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31dc237ef1d2eb1e954bb031187125eb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4be5eb79e5163e001c1636c37917b2c2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0f34b7ea383f3802a30bbb1a6bb6e257?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29d65e55e49b0862e9a69506d0aba555?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b08f4c7e49cbd03aadf40bd0b36cc8b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cf33d5a21c1d0b48beab473ab9fc9e4a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01bc12eccb4a0db72bdf54e202a7d511?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ef24e45d9d96b345610c4b873ebf8bb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20f9ece15f84bd3218ebc49497c8cae8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20f9ece15f84bd3218ebc49497c8cae8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cf33d5a21c1d0b48beab473ab9fc9e4a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30f561d3d9bd187a08752513f893ac39?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/06ad5cd77a444bed8cffa254a9ce6dc2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0ceb1d1c745f687932872732fa367e9e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4f644885ea6c5fc8790090d599adaa84?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/260d4bb54b3ad0511ce7f645dcc1f169?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/282b3191cf70739810bec2a403988bb1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5bac7e2d247847de5649acb9e2d5dd49?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/630a2f409d60b4c240064bc6a47bb42c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a98b4701f43c7bae553f629d592081f6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/539b4c38e04d6532d0d9e0539331a434?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/11823ac64e16dc8bcffb6aa95fc4eeaf?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81a9dc561f0529c7a78c13bf28dc6f79?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3ee9203d0866ebf37d413c061f25c5f5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/190aa14627e4ce52ba82828c31529d45?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d81517f6264a3641e2c9785dad0156b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c48812bd037a439aaf223b3568b92c9c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a8b1842ce27deff057d596b981aaaeb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bbdcaaf6e8b72c7c863feea14a4df3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cab8a09d71538985a813b6bc8eac94f0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f558865628ad0ee5d209c85f71c5e785?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f24fba18707a5fef07da826847a3b7b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81a9dc561f0529c7a78c13bf28dc6f79?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d81517f6264a3641e2c9785dad0156b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5867daa2240d20a7f5fd483bf5bd92de?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9ac047c12e93483908cdd9660b0c3ecd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/657327b70eb4ace41b4ee15ee824e107?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2d7d49407db1f787a24cbe60e38ddbf1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e2767a3e1b4af8970ef35f559845e0a9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d12989da65ed2329ba12affc4b3f84d1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1a994472a2e8a0339c5b41228b633b5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1a994472a2e8a0339c5b41228b633b5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e95511f8d2ccec81268c7926e6602e4a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/095b593143611299e6318114b839c02e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33578cd82a56d4fe9fa028d8f31e854f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1a994472a2e8a0339c5b41228b633b5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b1c4d2f575049c4ea5e4e8a2eebd446d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b6481f8620effe10acffa2967d98739?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b1c4d2f575049c4ea5e4e8a2eebd446d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cc64d4498c4d4481fd32002fb6bb2604?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b56b19e311ea10e0db873a0c938f4b33?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9885d3567aa7c171283485741cd71ca?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2d4d0ad2f7a4d2fae956bc31a7e1dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4c6efe9bd8478b772acafcae6fb874dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/edb86fd65a00a4a32a9f8b637bc92261?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f787f3c0fefefbd9c5b8e6680f9be3f7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b4093c6410fcb0f2b6cce641ee84d4a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/87801e99db8f11693622c9d2ea24fd69?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aca216eb1d90f3ba100ccbaed688f159?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aca216eb1d90f3ba100ccbaed688f159?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da2d557e98d41b75699f975d5f783e4a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b47037bae24bb093ca374e09803e5d4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b47037bae24bb093ca374e09803e5d4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b47037bae24bb093ca374e09803e5d4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90a06e9a1a3d1de7d34f2bee9aed220f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/571c1cbd5b58d76fe27655b39130cf52?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6add75ec2fc9079d35904e829e7f07b3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d25178878bba1c95a6bc2772c48e3efd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c688b831bfa29fac8d43e6c040e6a0ef?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/efd649bc2ceecbdac71d751615cff8f6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/875bec9580d8aa95e90de2acbf11c740?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbc0cc73fec7523989a562e2c19b278b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/92cc766dcb262a75b31ffb4b71840600?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d248054a1cbbe818f8cd39f9419046aa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/693de91106b6fe7ef4ce55bc1529de1a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3b4a64881f0d2cd879551fd78eceeab8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e26d26c15a2c4971a7c87b472e427507?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2923b02ccfde19217fbf76a3e124608?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31919c60573be904802860b639f0c0c3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe035215451196c5d738044bea4e7279?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ff10f6a0150ff3a8c90ee19d08f1bd0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/921d750f4d4755c72feaff250a21c771?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31919c60573be904802860b639f0c0c3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/602d9ed15fd6d1f7e87ef85d07e55a4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fad9645dc4bfcfb6f94aec545923941?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df635a5efbaba248d9da65a4e6306229?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/91d3b8aaf48e9e2b39055ab055f66b82?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03d10da122209fac8198e88f6f4b725d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b47037bae24bb093ca374e09803e5d4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b47037bae24bb093ca374e09803e5d4d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/75d9674891cc2ba7b4691b007c5de6a5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c85141b05565ef651b79eefa091d3894?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4da04979638f4d4ce1054a867b8926fa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/377e4a2e84c4403acc1f6ef830f075e0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ddebb55202812ada6c4c6647846199c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b77d3314537602549d8b8bb79647228d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c85141b05565ef651b79eefa091d3894?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02a130836d0b27e267665f6f3c3e444e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/295ebf9f527fa6c2ea4a560dbb7c58e3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d24af88b4c63e6f6dbf123a7b019d59d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd3bcc97cf9b0542eaea2aa136254972?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da3b98525159a396bd6c5ab552f2fb51?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/934c2228432bd13aa9f60707a792744c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/875bec9580d8aa95e90de2acbf11c740?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/112dfee545790c887d66fe2788d82d20?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af738f12df2f9a9c6db1f6c21c4185bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af738f12df2f9a9c6db1f6c21c4185bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a1ab599d26ef1e4126067df7eef6d717?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a1cc4dedd5aa1579217a578eecdd3f6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1b1bd4c1b6db9b92c3ecc1025f32451d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d7d71041235ff6a895527526307a18e4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/420f6122775224d62a4e1c94ecfb150a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/414ace19366b8f520b564dd84ad03845?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8d0900d173142d60232d24fb9f5afffe?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbc6986cf7170eead6ee07480b2626d7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e68294869bbbb839f9edb414e6eb902?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db05e92af2e4c825a17bacda72146db8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/57f0da66ee964c622ecfa68871002086?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d0f9a187ea8a9fe9778c11108fd9d2e1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/943bad82e5594dad1c1988320ced891f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd893dbb8fa64f4b5d738232b5e5e836?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f0da703cd99015050465d936c8fedb0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/440b689f3d269255c90c09e92454fd29?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/268f9092edb7b60da3ba0992969574b2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b829afa8fbc0e8e4c89de829be5e2088?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0524e76a00baac2cee83cfaceb4f4b5d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/10b4c985aabc47c202af76bb3c715c87?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b43e5a159ae1beded13405b9370e7698?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/96f2194fdd558e318ab62cf89143affe?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e30a9c46a6c242bf90c9af9a53cadd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30261f56e7357cec7d4835910a696fea?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b5748d1354f6ad7fd27d0bff83f7b2bf?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc78f951b32d40c2dd9f7edaa6e9813a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb7417cad52e9331a8d81d26696e88d4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9fc1b2949a627ba4b95b1011693aa3d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9fc1b2949a627ba4b95b1011693aa3d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03f06a1e04cc25ab655067d296443231?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03f06a1e04cc25ab655067d296443231?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d7aca1a6bdf3648177f6ac06403cea4c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/465f85204db4c9eacb443c60613e99bb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da6da10299c77bce0f80b1189fb8dd77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/77d473340793463bf395899062f52b0b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81c5b86791aa06fa7d82fc8fbdb72657?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d6d2e65c87b10ea6a55b4359cb3dea4f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c98aa3a9b725b90b400fec0bd62a2364?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/764854303d7b5964de2341af78292650?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2109f76eda4c8de4e94c3f3ec147742a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d32283f01c018903ae5502fdce8bcffd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a7c5e97c356ef30c3b7632f63579e94?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aa5385a2b83af575c9757c9702bd2968?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0862eee362eceb64ef3c287e75faacc3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/505fb7cd767e61a67ec493d78b08e7d3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7175b256c0b0ee4b99b12bcfd334606a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7175b256c0b0ee4b99b12bcfd334606a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b128b49acddb1174e4751b8fc141e2aa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3ba749bd1ff55f0b8f7e40239fc8232f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0524e76a00baac2cee83cfaceb4f4b5d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c18629c9600a14567d0499054226bb58?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6004a459383fc7c4ac676391457f7a93?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8c6935d8ab9d809709ed9b8282a921c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a1acf0b3980305e341b84b61d7f409b4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4ea56d7c7bc3bf485ccf54317ddc0619?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/720e158f2cf6216a7415d5e7d3121290?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a0a58100c92b105644851d8d71b6913?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/10358a3b2eea63e47457298acbac8f4c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0bf4f28f0061001692645eab53ffcd4e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a91c53eacf79eb44f6ae6fb29ac8aeed?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/40e9fdbeb55c9ac4aa51bf4985704b48?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d43f1f6c779c2b5a4c2d54077347221e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2e0886374d40605ea27868a7af0fa97f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/173480d1902efce07599e35e34d3b528?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29d65e55e49b0862e9a69506d0aba555?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5b6cee566cb3f4c34fce83c6ac4423cf?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a49af7ec050a2febc69f075b1d762aa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/720e158f2cf6216a7415d5e7d3121290?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3a62cf54c4f34e1dea48a3c2093b69af?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/565381d7459c5be2c6fcba0fec21e28c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1a504d244d9de7bd2abbd012b8dbf58?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26fb7f00e0e3b2b05d567cc13bd13b24?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/69d814c5024de5273e2b0a76900214c3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca0aa038e09d65639fef13c5b3771f91?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c35bf7f59a5be23d9f2e1fad7c35f5a8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4c8d114ac5f7e8b935dbb8284173e558?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/963e43cf57d6a6551e3d8bfbd0a635dd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bfd0aa2548fa68febbcee1862cbe2615?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d5961acb3d04f866a0f2b452a7a7745?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d1e1736f08479e6f8f762a9a35a30a81?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6ddc75888fc7ee6a80f0ffcb1e58a83?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/04093ad43437c1b6cc8a73fd5624a19b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d99b9f773af0109291ad94f4b486884?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5b61efed4813fe958c8498afa446e4fb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26fb7f00e0e3b2b05d567cc13bd13b24?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c5032f1ba90429d09acecf6f34928a35?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb3b37c67e9419a0850457beab7b628?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea61577416881b9066a2c627bedc2aca?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4df537ff7682334a7cf5bbcfce8d8f81?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51d4de256aa32c12abd10375928ad41c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b1140bfd25b87fd196d728e629b278ed?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02c8aa6ca8c58db1d2ae4116669cfa31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/11d0b9f3206b40819f3a6bb71f9fec22?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cf9db9baa26a40357ffd767d2f5074cb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1019d1532faff9f5ba4276afea1fcd6a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2237d5786a19714a80c0aaab9b20f801?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2237d5786a19714a80c0aaab9b20f801?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2237d5786a19714a80c0aaab9b20f801?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/400fcba86eda61eee39458a1fbf97778?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20f9ece15f84bd3218ebc49497c8cae8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3354d9d5aa3e42b381eaaa00fe05f866?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20f9ece15f84bd3218ebc49497c8cae8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8e41b2483649f3f9c1063bd420367fd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8e41b2483649f3f9c1063bd420367fd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8e41b2483649f3f9c1063bd420367fd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8e41b2483649f3f9c1063bd420367fd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a93efea16a5837c95964b08a3fa3653?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ed5322f5d229234446df9b3a525abb3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2e0e092387f69373295eaa30df04fd8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/549177691ccc73a80177bfce50195822?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c4169455fd51f59f5594cafea6327eeb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8e372663f3ac0e09ca9383a6b88bfc63?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8d927b8326ce74d453a38436da1d73b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/268e9a6c666931abb079a09b76356ed7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7e4d5dc2ca95297a0121a3635ad0c00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c1297581372c55177f6489507648322f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33d50904dbadf315b3fdeec030c78033?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c1297581372c55177f6489507648322f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3a51811d3a042403b8cdc62bf94d2205?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c6686c3b0b4336c8d6955a1e9386c1a8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8748e09608aaa095fc0d975fe615b2e4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33d50904dbadf315b3fdeec030c78033?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33d50904dbadf315b3fdeec030c78033?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ed5322f5d229234446df9b3a525abb3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a98b4701f43c7bae553f629d592081f6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a98b4701f43c7bae553f629d592081f6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f80e073ebb11f44de4166048cd128bd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a98b4701f43c7bae553f629d592081f6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c1fa21cd3284905402b81a3fd039828e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/15d52d458331bf6a8da124fcca3ac78f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3972e60c40d865dcb587e6c4b58ee6d0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/831bbb7d443f1f7fb11913aca0ff9f30?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cfab6af5dc4eb261886f235a554a03f7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81a772665f18e8c492194b79293803c4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3972e60c40d865dcb587e6c4b58ee6d0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7e4d5dc2ca95297a0121a3635ad0c00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99c052fcf235caddbaf6b89170e50754?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7e4d5dc2ca95297a0121a3635ad0c00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7e4d5dc2ca95297a0121a3635ad0c00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c5032f1ba90429d09acecf6f34928a35?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30cd73dfd48ac1a4f6d68830bd905df5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe6536d642e680a201fb97c24850c6f1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fea6d7e1b3f8ec0a6620ee048ae70c2f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe6536d642e680a201fb97c24850c6f1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/48c41a6c496972273b5bd6045891d926?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1eb0b9ec6f14509f432e2c3f09f8b709?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/60db943dd59a954888fd6951b106cc33?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f728424b8fef084a25248a7e95bd3d73?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c4169455fd51f59f5594cafea6327eeb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e0f4222e2df9063c052fc6204ae0880d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af92a116f7f000e350fa3c5422c53927?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d06533c18378a33f9e509ac881c064d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ab4ebd09c494bc7a94c91303f61c035?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2d4d0ad2f7a4d2fae956bc31a7e1dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2d4d0ad2f7a4d2fae956bc31a7e1dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ab4ebd09c494bc7a94c91303f61c035?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d0e832cb0470255606db81ff015a11e6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71bdf8f3a3a395d4ea677fdd69b7c705?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ce96519004298b8d2357f35afcff3d08?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/21103e3eafebbef443b19d63e0c8c3ae?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7869cb780c8b7075839526a1050a9a22?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9b12176642f0d3b7c27fb0b7984d040?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0f4d424bf38deb96fa20dee436dbaf78?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7cf21a98e731bb4e50c2e7b3b14b85b0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b675019420766182a05b54ef31c6cfb8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33c483b1bc77ca54b1a4485804de0d45?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ab4ebd09c494bc7a94c91303f61c035?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a1334d207ef6fa41a0fabfffe103f9b1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c5cfc0013db7852ecec574697085636?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae12b4e051836470ba70a073c873924a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cc131808d2c1fac6008192317af8663?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/75ab7123129c4b2fd98571335a08157c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdb0cb314b85a613d54fa07bf5a05a3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c48588f435b51907a2e2a843856a43a2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2d4d0ad2f7a4d2fae956bc31a7e1dc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f55c5265b2233b3627e76be4e8ecce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a87dd0303ef18c2ec39fa3aceb63d23f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b675019420766182a05b54ef31c6cfb8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fe34d9bc7a463cf4f9c10dabcd5a631?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fe34d9bc7a463cf4f9c10dabcd5a631?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a5609d3c6c939cd42bcd60a121a85a20?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee34de308aa0da37514fbf2c3c6156ce?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ac9bb4109965b00b9181ab695c280292?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d06533c18378a33f9e509ac881c064d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ac9e00c032e6f80487517cb20299073?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea160b244eba3dd725c4fbf0f51ca856?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/370deb8efde5df40a228f2f482644e61?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe6536d642e680a201fb97c24850c6f1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55cf32628661906fb62c9904898e9331?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55cf32628661906fb62c9904898e9331?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c35bf7f59a5be23d9f2e1fad7c35f5a8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c35bf7f59a5be23d9f2e1fad7c35f5a8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/74841aefcea0e46e8540883728b89d67?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a9f929e9be8466da308619869aa75172?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fcd830a5e2d5daa74f982dbd49de6a4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8db9edab764c14341cfc5b859d5e5769?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0265e1f9f4eebf123ece49503af2e00?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4546498f3e4accec61e7a41a5c3e0f1d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/28cd1a117e12f0a97ed0ded452c25eb1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/68db7a16cbab10770d42ea7d7489cc36?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/70f39c4ac765d059f723635c54f5bf2a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/967353691f7dc202568c08e3648882ea?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/68db7a16cbab10770d42ea7d7489cc36?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6fc3673b26bc205e2d9c740f0f09c50a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6fc3673b26bc205e2d9c740f0f09c50a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b4a057fc8f8bcf8676bf9d9583e1633?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6fc3673b26bc205e2d9c740f0f09c50a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ba9569b97801417c46523c192b52cc8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e0142a99be82151c5b92cd0af8e524ac?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0f08cba1f208e8410b123606cd7238d1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ba9569b97801417c46523c192b52cc8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ba9569b97801417c46523c192b52cc8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe64d0bca9b27898ff010327236c4cd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0ea6dc6fcfb393cb205d5111e95955?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ba9569b97801417c46523c192b52cc8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3dbd2d14de97941651bb75b29cbf1c1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa0a269f7d16ff83c46a27d947ef5ce5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa0a269f7d16ff83c46a27d947ef5ce5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b5e029f140a2e8f5102f16073df483b6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ef60d40901e635defffb445995511a6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3dbd2d14de97941651bb75b29cbf1c1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ef60d40901e635defffb445995511a6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3dbd2d14de97941651bb75b29cbf1c1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84f0100c60fb42785ef83eb1cc3b365b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fd8fd7c634ae2eb0c19f1fe179967ea?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6eefb20d0fee793f1f0d6ad35e5c9688?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6eefb20d0fee793f1f0d6ad35e5c9688?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fe34d9bc7a463cf4f9c10dabcd5a631?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59f8e48b86146a2045d4756ee6b8ebdb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/573b22526df64b0ffac4967e9ec5dfd7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/79a525d3225d52c499e0192eb59bd2c6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0ae2b1ede158cef463ce6fe753dd92c0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/addf4a984379ae23ef7a6e234d72e702?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6302045e175a87659570d477cb0718be?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bc7015646053e2c9a8223bbaf371ab82?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b6a2983ff213f5c8fcd6a3e06b8682f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bc7015646053e2c9a8223bbaf371ab82?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7356d898b7234d8f54b1b717847d5adb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/522b18d993ea5157747f661546fe8660?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b472078bdcfb1968cd48bbd81dd8f83a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2c9609768feac09a382f8d6072939567?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/048cabbe6778798b870d9e420c11b3bc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fe9aa8f0e2401102c95874b8caccc7c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7356d898b7234d8f54b1b717847d5adb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b472078bdcfb1968cd48bbd81dd8f83a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0668792fbdb7cbf32fce9d66d7e8ba63?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a0583b3d30ba4e0e4fc4247f8c33550c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8e27ed5d7c5a29547ee2bffdb5fd301?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71552f4164abce30c506fb930ca27ddc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/748582e8cb8bccc65b8441acded7d29e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29157fe6598a7732ffa4652ad4588e4c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59f8e48b86146a2045d4756ee6b8ebdb?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ff585f7697e2040ea8ad2cc2368516e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25a4fd19a5f03820aefeff47ee5e684a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2869db918adb8564c352826768f91b31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63fcad3916b1c9ffa43ec711348fce31?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe6536d642e680a201fb97c24850c6f1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3a6a7c9da2a453533a3483124fba6488?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/558d9a3b259efeef2869fce4a0fe38cc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d69ef24358a1094f8c2858258cc28ffc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d8c212e7074bde4021f5d90f73cd183?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/190aa14627e4ce52ba82828c31529d45?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c4d03101c4292a41b18b1f6249002ea2?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2bf18f7d8b8111825abd658524715b3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bae3bd4575e7986d225cc6c9b0b70907?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8cc1d1fa6f47c8600ea5d7bb3d783bca?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33a9985407f5f6f0e167c618f42a5c1c?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fe6536d642e680a201fb97c24850c6f1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6fa38316f3d163e8ed2a801a90ababad?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6fa38316f3d163e8ed2a801a90ababad?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d72f464412cdbebba0a912f715c0ec8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/410d47da36eaeebfda1531979b5a9dc5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7e389f4deb1f86c382b3a2be8fb2db09?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/60ce4be5cb9c953d9b8ed37a6bba3252?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/deb8b415fc535a8648408579d21bf8b7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8975933905d6c458de50e389e8d41d93?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/baf8039f0eddf17e701fe38d2763f9a3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d81517f6264a3641e2c9785dad0156b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d81517f6264a3641e2c9785dad0156b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f90182f104d54a0e312b947f41352cdc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8291e7b778d5c7d1a5ac5226e4dd8e3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ac9b2b6a55e7c359e916d5d868b3064d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8291e7b778d5c7d1a5ac5226e4dd8e3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/555a5f76ccc217b534fb81074155994d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/18785591dac22e7934aa0ae044330a7b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a084bf5bdbecdeaea41f2e9b9a20ebc4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85a80f37f8c497cc374b1df6e1b16974?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3ef5d60a9d1cef2b89bde5c7d6fa61c5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be2e9491114fa98a73c4031634f89b2b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/82969a55d808bbae19cd7e4985261ce6?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/28ee3d396275b32b9b8d7e8e9a54f961?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/28ee3d396275b32b9b8d7e8e9a54f961?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7878c80bc913eaa2718cea2d01a10cba?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d91b58fdfbdf3777878c5bf1294a7294?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f573150c2a69ba8481d6d8eea8fa6195?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09d5cc30b90c0dea02c08e7608ce6d46?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8a80c9b9f2b90748ec872e7fda7746af?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bdc0b64651594cb4e28e8cd81a3beaa3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09d5cc30b90c0dea02c08e7608ce6d46?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09e4a896a4670b390c9c7e1f7a7e7927?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/598bc85923561acc603e1bf591b04e37?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20000d2b48bbe3f98a84c7f364071e3f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/249097c5f465d80638867f9ee20d520b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0fa1564f28d92216bb22cdb3d376cfd9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bf41c9054acb43109e7fd983dcacae0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94664e6184fe9bd8d432ea0b9cfd541e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a751156c43e6349d8eae1f392950df34?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b5797f4e958d6c6dd8c9eee3fa1d6d8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25510d12d1e4cb423bf5283aedbe084e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f573150c2a69ba8481d6d8eea8fa6195?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a423d5b3dfca602bdbfe36c9f622ca1?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3a6a7c9da2a453533a3483124fba6488?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bdfd6f5e6ba891931fe4abe1d7d83b24?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2405d053b71338954af4a4e3fc38a81?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7019da5889e772420d1181c0cdbb411a?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1c6a6d1e5625d9413108a9c6a8faeb77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/baa6b697d75dbd2f4bf86a6129ea0c9f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/baa6b697d75dbd2f4bf86a6129ea0c9f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1c6a6d1e5625d9413108a9c6a8faeb77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/734ec2885242f3e7f12e280f5788496b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2e43d9b7c81ad3d2d5010dd12b48d3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f60ccba0c5ce09f097b7201a2f58bd8e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09e4a896a4670b390c9c7e1f7a7e7927?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09e4a896a4670b390c9c7e1f7a7e7927?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09e4a896a4670b390c9c7e1f7a7e7927?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1c6a6d1e5625d9413108a9c6a8faeb77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/baa6b697d75dbd2f4bf86a6129ea0c9f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/67ed7e77c1e9e72f45a8448e9a92e403?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd3771f90deea36d9f1f67ff1bd414f5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30f561d3d9bd187a08752513f893ac39?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c424aa5b2c1aea659325cdac920ed7d5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c424aa5b2c1aea659325cdac920ed7d5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d1e6726085065a2ca0d91641dccd20b7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f60ccba0c5ce09f097b7201a2f58bd8e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f60ccba0c5ce09f097b7201a2f58bd8e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd315b6ea1aeb68abbf5eb6976f26e08?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d1e6726085065a2ca0d91641dccd20b7?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4f1daa5fa60858dd1e5b8a697923892?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2405d053b71338954af4a4e3fc38a81?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/157d37e80b35d16b535a16835303dbbd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2997979aa05d015fff3085a1b8547484?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/157d37e80b35d16b535a16835303dbbd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2f75333b3da6f9cb9e2011025ff4371?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ff09644cd4e7575dca9e2b77ef9774e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ff09644cd4e7575dca9e2b77ef9774e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ff09644cd4e7575dca9e2b77ef9774e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f90b7ca186d50df37faa6387222c16fc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f90b7ca186d50df37faa6387222c16fc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f90b7ca186d50df37faa6387222c16fc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/179399322d7c402a4df1c75f8ae0410e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ff09644cd4e7575dca9e2b77ef9774e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c0e0de0e4a1847bf00562d8437aed48?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16ac83431962344f4fcfb5dc0941caba?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f90b7ca186d50df37faa6387222c16fc?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ff09644cd4e7575dca9e2b77ef9774e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/986cdab6b31344e77efc4730973135c4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99fb83d6dd56b6f01db23d881d91ac6d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/891380efeda274c1360ae4fd6d2495d4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85ad98cfa1a8e861d613e1a6796d8be3?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1840c139adfb9404fde9354f1ff8b715?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dd4073018a6eac12ca6e3a81679ba227?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5bbefe8cd1851153e5925af0fac191cd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c0e0de0e4a1847bf00562d8437aed48?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c0e0de0e4a1847bf00562d8437aed48?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5bbefe8cd1851153e5925af0fac191cd?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a74303a53b09a3f4efcf953faba16ad?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a74303a53b09a3f4efcf953faba16ad?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dd4073018a6eac12ca6e3a81679ba227?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/eb933eabedc6139a5879977d05a0595d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c0e0de0e4a1847bf00562d8437aed48?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e10d7c496b877a8bea50cad2589a0434?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85eae65c318146fba1e019d125b3795e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1c6a6d1e5625d9413108a9c6a8faeb77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85eae65c318146fba1e019d125b3795e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85eae65c318146fba1e019d125b3795e?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a0f4005dbb3c7c8d4c1c4903049744b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/eb933eabedc6139a5879977d05a0595d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/45e2d8ff470e81730a145eb8ca199c34?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2f75333b3da6f9cb9e2011025ff4371?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae0f80cf7237e578cc3eb11194c7b3fe?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/707637cba1cf70666d86bd685bc64daa?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/45e2d8ff470e81730a145eb8ca199c34?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02d51923a8919bf1d86fe45a118b5be4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8b5f6e19f8ca623c6ddf0be391b4a4ee?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d0fdb1728df657dc1a74ed03b6b5c76?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19e2773b7e54e127a38fb7afd06598b8?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d0fdb1728df657dc1a74ed03b6b5c76?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/afcf98790032a68a99b0010fdbfb8e7f?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/986cdab6b31344e77efc4730973135c4?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/054bab7be6d139724588aeeefbc0af88?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa2cb5b1e7af4455eb042f5c858d39d0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa2cb5b1e7af4455eb042f5c858d39d0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae0f80cf7237e578cc3eb11194c7b3fe?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6ba71e3f8237aae9ca1c934b42775bb9?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/45e2d8ff470e81730a145eb8ca199c34?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2c2f7fdbe1f89209c940eb3173259572?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a0f4005dbb3c7c8d4c1c4903049744b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae0f80cf7237e578cc3eb11194c7b3fe?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/524a986b05496fade06d9537ce10a9e5?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b2405d053b71338954af4a4e3fc38a81?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/190296edf3d25c6be9d68891cace81a0?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a0f4005dbb3c7c8d4c1c4903049744b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98f16d842df83b2c80f45a7187ec845b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a0f4005dbb3c7c8d4c1c4903049744b?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d0fdb1728df657dc1a74ed03b6b5c76?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800af0de6974d9274e3877d363cb3557?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800af0de6974d9274e3877d363cb3557?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800af0de6974d9274e3877d363cb3557?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/051cd87c15d00fbdea6bfea564276b8d?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1c6a6d1e5625d9413108a9c6a8faeb77?s=64&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a0cb167f8b1ec698d7af4ab59e7ed32?s=64&r=g",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/sarah_robinson_square-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/wheres-god-when-im-depressed-2018-e1531180576924.jpg?fit=640%2C361&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/love-jesus-want-to-die-woman-e1529070402537.jpg?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/when-life-is-crazy-overwhelmed-woman-e1498408385784.jpeg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/so-much-i-want-you-to-know.jpeg?fit=1024%2C661&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/hope-in-the-darkness-lights-e1535757906224.jpg?fit=572%2C548&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/I-dont-have-time-to-read-the-Bible.jpg?resize=200%2C200"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Sarah"
] |
2018-06-15T13:55:58+00:00
|
It's not selfish. It's not because we don't pray. And it doesn't help to tell us to "choose joy." This is what every Christian should know about suicide.
|
en
|
https://beautifulbetween.com/wp-content/themes/tribe-2/images/favicon.ico
|
Beautiful Between
|
https://beautifulbetween.com/love-jesus-but-want-to-die/
|
I was in California on a business trip, just yards from the beach, eating ice cream and laughing as the conversation drifted away from business. Eventually, somebody mentioned a friend-of-a-friend who had died by suicide.
The familiar ache and nausea filled my chest. My insides rattled when my coworker said he didn’t understand what would make someone feel like taking their life was the only option.
I swallowed hard and let out the breath I’d been holding. “I do.” For the first time in my life, I spoke up. “I completely get that. I’ve been there.”
My coworkers stared, jaws dangling in breathless shock. Finally, someone asked what it’s like to want to die. So I told them about the physical pain, the exhaustion, the heaviness. I told them it’s like dying of a terrible disease and wishing I could hurry it up, knowing things would only get worse.
The last two weeks have brought news of too many people wanting to die. Anthony Bourdain and Kate Spade ended their lives last week. Several of our friends’ kids have attempted suicide, shocking their church communities. Our hearts are breaking with those in such pain.
I remember my colleagues’ faces as my words sunk in. They had never heard what it’s like to be suicidal and they started to understand, at least a little. And I’m reminded how little the church knows about depression and suicide.
We are called to be the light of the world, a refuge for the broken and weary. But if we don’t understand the darkness people endure, it’s much less likely we’ll reach them in it. So here are some things every Christian should know about suicide and depression:
It’s not just mental and emotional.
The phrase “mental illness” makes it seem like it just exists in our thoughts. But it doesn’t. WebMD lists at least 12 physical symptoms of serious depression. Chronic pain develops or worsens. Chest pain, migraines, stomach problems, and a weakened immune system are some common symptoms.
There’s a bone-deep weariness that becomes a constant companion; no amount sleep or coffee can shake it off. When people say they can’t get out of bed because of depression, this is what they’re talking about.
That day at the beach, I told my coworkers about depression’s physicality. Every part of me ached from resisting gravity, as though my cells wanted to collapse in a puddle on the ground. My skin stung like lotion on a fresh sunburn and my throat hurt from the lump that lived in it. At one point, I was seriously underweight because I couldn’t force food down.
Suicide is not a selfish choice.
Sometimes people say suicide is the most selfish act you can commit. But for many battling the darkness, dying seems like the most selfless thing to do. Depression often carries an intense, shameful sense of self-hatred. In those pits, I believed I was toxic and harmful to those close to me. I was certain taking my own life would be a blessing to others.
It’s a familiar refrain. This mom thought her husband would find a beautiful new wife and mother for their baby. She knew he wouldn’t be burdened by her illness and her child would have a better mom. My good friend, Steve Austin, nearly died because he believed ending his life was best for his wife and infant son. Thankfully, he didn’t die. He spent some time in a psych ward, got on meds, and found support he’d never found in the church.
We might not be sad.
Depression isn’t sadness, as this article explains. It’s much more complex: emptiness, flatness, irritation, or a strange numbness. Many people who seek help for depression only report physical symptoms because they don’t feel sad.
For me, I first notice it as brain fog. The world seems to move in slow motion, but I still can’t keep up. All I want is sleep, not just because depression is exhausting, but because sleep is an escape.
It’s not because we don’t pray or read our Bibles.
In 2013, a Lifeway Research study found that nearly 50% of evangelicals believe that prayer and Bible study alone can conquer serious mental illness. Unfortunately, this mistaken belief prevents people from seeking the help they need.
I know this firsthand. No matter how many times I recited verses, asked for healing, and did all the other things I was supposed to do, I still had an illness. I wasn’t miraculously healed.
Of course, our God is powerful and able to heal in an instant. And sometimes, mild depression naturally goes into remission, like cancer, which may reinforce the dangerous idea that seeking medical help signifies lack of faith. Christians need to know prayer and reading hope-filled verses are important parts of a holistic self-care plan.
But they aren’t enough. It wasn’t until I started taking medication and seeing a licensed therapist (pastors don’t receive adequate training to counsel people with depression or suicidal thoughts) weekly that the darkness lifted and my chest stopped aching.
And I’m just as grateful God chooses to work through little pills and skilled professionals as if he waved a magic wand and healed me instantly. He is still the ultimate source of healing and still glorified by working through people.
People serving God wholeheartedly struggle, too.
The lie that those walking closely with God don’t ever have suicidal thoughts or other mental health issues is dangerous because it wrongly casts these issues as sin.
If we believe depression and dark thoughts are sinful, we’re more likely to feel ashamed and expect God to deal sternly with us. But the truth is he’s good and gracious, not waiting to punish us for our struggles.
Depression and suicidal thoughts don’t care about how spiritual we are. I’m sure plenty of devout believers and faithful leaders wish it did. I do.
I was in ministry – serving, preaching, leading worship, going on mission trips, leading Bible studies – but still wanting to die. Still hurting. Still hopeless.
I mentioned Steve earlier. He was a youth pastor when he tried to die. He knew what the Bible said and how to pray. He was well aware of all the “right” answers and appropriate spiritual statements. They just left him more ashamed because the stigma of being a pastor with these issues was too great.
Depression and suicide are on the rise nationwide. We can’t assume that those we love and look up to aren’t fighting the darkness.
We can’t “choose joy” or “stop thinking about it.”
Sometimes Christians tell us to “choose joy” or focus on somebody other than ourselves. There is some truth to this: caring for others and learning to cultivate joy are important parts of a healthy life.
But when death seems like the only way out of an internal torture chamber, those things don’t work. What’s worse, they become a way to mask pain. That’s how I could be involved in several ministries and wear a big smile while I wished for death.
Saying things like, “I’m so sorry you’re hurting,” and spending time with people struggling is much more effective than telling them to choose joy. It allows them to be honest, which might wind up saving a life.
Suicidal thoughts are intrusive.
They show up, whether we want them or not, like a horror movie playing constantly in our heads. We watch our demise over and over. Sometimes, it’s terrifying. Other times, it seems like sweet relief.
Several years ago, I was part of an incredible church in Atlanta. I co-directed a non-profit and served in the youth ministry; students looked up to me and came to me for wisdom. Nobody knew how much I struggled. They never knew about the horror movie in my mind.
One tough Sunday, I stood alongside my students in worship, doing everything I could to turn my eyes upon Jesus. I told him I love him and would praise him anyway, even if I always felt like that. But when I closed my eyes, all I could see was an image of my body, swinging from the rafters.
I didn’t tell anyone.
We know we’re not supposed to have these thoughts, so we don’t tell.
We know they are not healthy and normal thoughts. We are well aware that they are uncomfortable and frightening for people to talk about. So we fight to suppress them, telling ourselves not to think such hideous thoughts. If we’ve been in treatment for a while, we might be able to recognize that those thoughts belong to the disease. We might be able to recognize them as lies.
But we might not.
We might believe God has forsaken us because we’re so bad.
The disease lies. When healing doesn’t come, it’s easy to believe that God has left. And if we’ve been taught that depression and suicidal thoughts are sinful, selfish, or displeasing to God, we may believe he’s right in abandoning us.
This is why we need to treat depression and suicide with the same compassion we treat other serious health issues. Kindness and encouragement from other believers are rich and powerful; they prove the presence of God and demonstrate his unshakeable love.
You can wholeheartedly love Jesus and be depressed.
If you’re struggling, you need to know your life can be set apart to his purpose and filled with opportunities to serve and bless others. You may still struggle. Sometimes, you might want to die, but you are no less beloved, worthy, or faithful because of the dark thoughts. And, though you may not believe it, it’s still possible to live a full, joyful life in the midst of depression.
It will require hard work and lots of support from trained professionals. It will probably require therapy, digging into painful stuff, and maybe medication. But you can still have abundant life; I know because I do.
I have to take my meds every day, spend time with Jesus in the morning, and go to therapy faithfully. I tell those closest to me when I have hard days and dark thoughts because I am determined they will not win. And a few years into my journey, I still struggle. But my life is beautiful and I’m happy.
You can be, too. But please, invest in yourself. Take care of yourself. Here are a few steps to take:
Call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or text with someone at the Crisis Text Line by texting HOME to 741741. Program these numbers into your phone so you have support 24/7.
Make an appointment with your doctor. If you don’t have insurance or can’t afford the appointment, most cities have free or reduced-cost clinics that offer mental health services.
Find somebody to talk to. You are not a burden to them. You are precious and important and this world is better because you’re drawing breath in it.
It’s easier to save a life than you think.
Earlier, I mentioned believing my death would be a blessing to others. But I’m still here because one friend noticed something was wrong and did something about it.
Angela invited me to dinner, took me along to pick blackberries with her kids, and constantly reminded me how important I was to her family. She told me she loved me, it wasn’t my fault I was broken, and God didn’t like that I was hurting. She was simply present in my pain.
On a hot July night, when I was tired of fighting to stay alive, I showed up on her doorstep because I knew it was safe. And her family walked with me through the dark.
When I needed Immanuel, God With Us, she carried him into my life. She helped me believe I was loved and my life mattered.
So often, all it takes to save a life is being Jesus to us – being present, being loving, and being light. Christ is “in you, the hope of glory” (Col. 1:27). You don’t need answers or to be able to fix it. You just need to be present, perhaps help set the doctor’s appointment or just listen. Just be aware of those hurting. Just be kind.
Depressed and suicidal people just need you to enter the dark and sit there with us, your love unchanged. You could be his arms to hold us, his hands to feed us, his voice to tell us we’re not alone. Your love and kindness are more powerful than you know.
Depression and suicide are serious issues, and my heart breaks with those of you facing them.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 27
|
https://ca.linkedin.com/company/pizza-pizza-ltd
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Limited
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQG_RUzC7FoOoA/company-logo_200_200/company-logo_200_200/0/1630566786208/pizza_pizza_ltd_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=MWoLWZRYY9dh831cgmxNjQjHZxduB-kzsme80KOf6_4
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQG_RUzC7FoOoA/company-logo_200_200/company-logo_200_200/0/1630566786208/pizza_pizza_ltd_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=MWoLWZRYY9dh831cgmxNjQjHZxduB-kzsme80KOf6_4
|
[
"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D3DAQGDrfMzOiezTw/image-scale_127_750/image-scale_127_750/0/1679063916652/pizza_pizza_ltd_cover?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Q0CqAKnAhJlFkSnPEibcg3eqMz-9X0iHkhJwHLjQo8o"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza Pizza Limited | 20,618 followers on LinkedIn. "Always the best food, made especially for you" | For over 50 years, Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision to provide the “best food, made especially for you” with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement.
With more than 750 locations across Canada, the company is Canada’s pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader, operating two banners – Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 – that deliver quality food choices, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets.
Visit www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com for more information.
|
en
|
https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
|
https://ca.linkedin.com/company/pizza-pizza-ltd
|
LinkedIn and 3rd parties use essential and non-essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our Services, and to show you relevant ads (including professional and job ads) on and off LinkedIn. Learn more in our Cookie Policy.
Select Accept to consent or Reject to decline non-essential cookies for this use. You can update your choices at any time in your settings.
For over 50 years, Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision to provide the “best food, made especially for you” with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement. With more than 750 locations across Canada, the company is Canada’s pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader, operating two banners – Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 – that deliver quality food choices, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets. Visit www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com for more information.
Website
http://www.pizzapizza.ca
External link for Pizza Pizza Limited
Industry
Food and Beverage Services
Company size
1,001-5,000 employees
Headquarters
Toronto, Ontario
Type
Public Company
Founded
1967
|
|||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 70
|
https://logos.fandom.com/wiki/Pizza_73
|
en
|
Pizza 73
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/8/8e/Pizza_73_%28Alt%29.svg/revision/latest?cb=20220625114810
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/8/8e/Pizza_73_%28Alt%29.svg/revision/latest?cb=20220625114810
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240812070159",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240812070159",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/e/e8/Pizza_73_logo.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/300?cb=20220625114736",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/b/b6/Logopedia_InfoWhite.svg/revision/latest?cb=20230124025212",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/b/b6/Logopedia_InfoWhite.svg/revision/latest?cb=20230124025212",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/8/8e/Pizza_73_%28Alt%29.svg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220625114810",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/8/8e/Pizza_73_%28Alt%29.svg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220625114810",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/2/2b/Pizza_73_%28App%29.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220625114916",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/2/2b/Pizza_73_%28App%29.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220625114916",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/a/a0/SVG_needed_gallery.svg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/88?cb=20240214160845",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Logopedia"
] | null |
In 2007, Pizza 73 was acquired by Pizza Pizza. Pizza Pizza Official website
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210629045729
|
Logopedia
|
https://logos.fandom.com/wiki/Pizza_73
|
????–present[]
SVG NEEDED
UNKNOWN YEAR
In 2007, Pizza 73 was acquired by Pizza Pizza.
See also[]
Pizza Pizza
[]
|
||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 33
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/boston-pizza-international-inc
|
en
|
Boston Pizza International Inc.
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Boston Pizza International Inc.\n5500 Parkwood WayRichmond",
"British Columbia V6V 2M4CanadaTelephone: (604) 270-1108Fax: (604) 270-4168Web site: https://www.bostonpizza.com"
] | null |
[] | null |
Boston Pizza International Inc.
5500 Parkwood WayRichmond, British Columbia V6V 2M4CanadaTelephone: (604) 270-1108Fax: (604) 270-4168Web site: https://www.bostonpizza.com Source for information on Boston Pizza International Inc.: International Directory of Company Histories dictionary.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/boston-pizza-international-inc
|
5500 Parkwood Way
Richmond, British Columbia V6V 2M4
Canada
Telephone: (604) 270-1108
Fax: (604) 270-4168
Web site: http://www.bostonpizza.com
Private Company
Incorporated: 1978 as Boston Pizza International Ltd
Sales: CAD 645 million ($553 million) (2006 est.)
NAIC: 722110 Full-Service Restaurants; 551112 Offices of Other Holding Companies
Boston Pizza International Inc., of Canada, together with its U.S. counterpart, Boston Pizza Restaurants L.P., is the franchiser of pizza restaurants that incorporate full-service casual dining and sports bar in one building. While pizza is a chain specialty, the company’s menu also includes burgers, sandwiches, soups, salads, appetizers, and desserts. Boston Pizza locations typically accommodate 180 to 250 patrons, including their 80-seat sports bars; seasonal outdoor patio space seats an additional 50 to 75 guests. Families and young adults between 25 and 49 comprise the primary customer base, which is divided into three restaurant industry segments: business lunch, casual dining, and late-night patrons. In 2006, there were more than 300 franchised or companyowned locations throughout Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and systemwide sales topped CAD 645 million.
When Greek immigrant Gus Agioritis arrived in Vancouver, Canada, in 1958, he had little more to his name than the clothes he was wearing and less than $50 in cash. In 1964, after several years spent working in a variety of jobs, he opened the Boston Pizza and Spaghetti House in Edmonton. Agioritis had never visited Boston, but, he explained later, he chose to name his restaurant after the American city because he thought the fame and popularity of two sports teams at the time (the Boston Bruins and the Boston Red Sox) would make his establishment stand out to customers. Long after the Boston Pizza name outgrew its original location, Agioritis was quoted in Maclean’s describing his early business as “a Canadian company with an American name operated by Greeks serving Italian food.” Within four years of opening his restaurant, Agioritis began franchising the name and concept to friends and family members. From a single familyoperated business in Edmonton, the Boston Pizza name began to spread throughout Alberta and British Columbia and would soon be found in 17 locations in western Canada, most of which were franchised.
EARLY YEARS OF GROWTH: 1968–83
One of the earliest nonfamily member franchisees was Jim Treliving. As an officer with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Treliving was also a customer who observed firsthand the early success of Boston Pizza’s expansion, and he decided to get into the business for himself. In 1968 he left his career as a Mountie—much to the disappointment of his own family—to open a Boston Pizza location in Penticton, British Columbia.
Soon afterward, he met George Melville, manager of the local Peat Marwick office. Melville became Treliving’s accountant and business consultant, helping him develop his business. In 1973 Melville joined Treliving’s company as a partner. Melville and Treliving spent the next ten years building a chain of more than a dozen Boston Pizza restaurants throughout British Columbia.
Meanwhile, the modest enterprise founded by Gus Agioritis had grown to more than 40 restaurants. A frugal business owner with a generous spirit who believed in helping family and friends establish their own successful businesses, Agioritis was also a family man who was ready to retire and spend more time with his loved ones. Accordingly, he made plans to sell the bulk of his business to an employee and longtime friend, Ron Coyle.
In March 1978 Coyle bought the rights to the Boston Pizza name, along with franchising rights to 31 of the existing 42 restaurants. Agioritis family members retained ownership of 11 of the original restaurants, operating them under different names. More than three decades later, Maclean’s reported that the founder did not regret retiring and selling his company after being at the helm of 14 years of continuous growth. As quoted in Maclean’s, Agioritis remarked, “It was a good thing we sold; new blood can do a better job.” He also spoke with pride about the company he started, saying, “It’s my creation, like a kid. … You always love your kid.”
Under Coyle’s leadership, the company became Boston Pizza International Ltd. New growth initiatives included further franchising, plus the establishment of the Annual Franchisee Conference, a yearly opportunity for Boston Pizza franchisees to gather and talk about their common business interests and concerns. Boston Pizza continued to expand throughout western Canada. Among the most active franchisees were Treliving and Melville, whose holdings reached 16 locations by the early 1980s. Their enthusiasm and vision for the Boston Pizza brand would soon lead to dramatic growth for the company as a whole.
NEW OWNERSHIP AND EXPANSION: 1983–98
By 1983, Coyle had more than replaced the number of Boston Pizza outlets that were dropped from the chain in his original purchase from Agioritis in 1978. There were 44 Boston Pizza locations in operation when Treliving and Melville approached Coyle about buying him out. They acquired the company from Coyle in 1983 in a CAN $3.8 million transaction that relied fully on funding from outside investors and a loan from the seller. Shortly after taking ownership of the entire company, Treliving and Melville turned over 15 of their restaurants to new franchisees. They turned their remaining location into a corporate training restaurant, and began developing standards and business systems that would allow them to turn an already-successful franchise model into a high-growth business that would support more rapid expansion.
Within three years of taking over the company as co-owners and cochairs, Treliving and Melville made a successful bid to be the official supplier of pizza to Canada’s Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The company’s prominence alongside established fast-food and restaurant names like McDonald’s led to increased investor interest, and by 1988, Boston Pizza had launched 17 new franchised locations.
In 1992, the corporate headquarters of Boston Pizza International Inc. was established in Richmond, British Columbia. During the 1990s, Boston Pizza outlets evolved into full-service casual dining restaurants with menus that included appetizers, salads, nonpizza entrees, desserts, and the separate—but same-space—sports bar concept was added as a component in every location. By 1995, the company’s size had reached nearly 100 restaurants, all in western Canada, and sales exceeded CAN $110 million for the year. Continued growth would require moving beyond the boundaries of the western provinces, so the corporate management team began to look to the east.
COMPANY PERSPECTIVES
The company’s mission is to be a world class franchisor through selecting and training people to profitably manage an outstanding foodservice business. To achieve this goal we are innovative and responsive in our approach to business. We work as a team providing attention to detail but never losing sight of the larger picture. We recognize the need to provide leadership in all areas of operations, marketing and restaurant development.
In 1997 Boston Pizza International opened its first regional office, in Mississauga, Ontario. Treliving relocated to Toronto to oversee the company’s entry into eastern Canada. The regional corporate staff included some Boston Pizza senior managers from Vancouver as well as newly hired foodservice management professionals and business development specialists. In September 1998, the first Boston Pizza location opened in Ottawa. Less than a decade later, there would be more than 60 Boston Pizza restaurants throughout eastern Canada, including nine in the Maritime Provinces. At the outset of its eastward expansion, Boston Pizza International also had its eye on growth south of the country’s border.
CROSSING NEW BORDERS: 1998–2005
As a first step toward establishing a presence in the United States, Boston Pizza International opened a regional office in Dallas, Texas, in 1998, for its U.S. franchising authority, Boston Pizza Restaurants, L.P. In December of that year, the first U.S. restaurant opened, in Tempe, Arizona, under the name “Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.” Five years later, nearly a dozen such outlets were in business. Nearly identical to their Canadian counterparts, the stores featured the same dual focus—casual dining and sports bar—and the same signature menu items. As in Canada, the sports bars’ décor and memorabilia reflected local and regional sports fan favorites. By May 2005, 25 franchised units had opened in a dozen states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin) and restaurants were slated to open the following year in Florida, Michigan, and Tennessee.
In 2002, when eight U.S. restaurants were in operation with others on the horizon, Mark Powell, chief financial officer of Boston Pizza International, had this to say in CMA Management: “The business model for Boston Pizza in Canada has been successfully transported to the U.S. and the economics are basically the same. … the unit economics are affordable, so our business model works south of the border. A lot of Canadian companies have gone south and struggled, but even in the face of a softer economy, we’re still looking at growth.” One year later, CEO and co-owner Jim Treliving acknowledged that certain American economic factors, including a weak restaurant economy and heavy competition from all segments of the casual restaurant industry, might deter some companies from trying to penetrate the United States as a new international market. However, in an interview published in Pizza Today in August 2003, he remarked that the timing had actually benefited Boston Pizza’s plans, saying, “It’s easier to get locations. It’s easier to get people and staff. These days, we have developers coming after us, instead of us having to go after them.”
Four years after Boston Pizza entered the American market, the company signed its first franchise agreement to open a location in Mexico. In Nation’s Restaurant News, in November 2002, Boston Pizza vice-president of operations Ron Jones noted, “The deal really was not a part of a planned process, but in the act of selling franchises in the U.S. we attracted some attention there.” The restaurant, located in Merida, Yucatan, opened in early 2003.
While Boston Pizza’s expansion into both the United States and Mexico was underway, further expansion into eastern Canada continued, as well. In 2004, a regional office was established in Laval, Quebec, followed by the first restaurant in the city in July of that year. Less than three years later, the province was home to 15 additional restaurants with an eventual goal of 50 total outlets provincewide.
KEY DATES
1964:
Greek immigrant Gus Agioritis opens the Boston Pizza and Spaghetti House in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
1968:
Jim Treliving opens a Boston Pizza franchise in Penticton, British Columbia.
1970:
Agioritis’ company consists of 17 Boston Pizza locations in western Canada, most of which are franchised.
1973:
Treliving and George Melville become partners in a chain of Boston Pizza franchises throughout British Columbia.
1978:
Ron Coyle buys the Boston Pizza name from the founder and operates the company as Boston Pizza International Ltd.
1983:
Treliving and Melville buy the company from Coyle.
1986:
Boston Pizza becomes the official pizza sponsor of Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia.
1992:
A corporate headquarters office is established in Richmond, British Columbia.
1998:
Company enters the U.S. market with offices in Dallas and a restaurant in Tempe, Arizona, called Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.
2002:
Boston Pizza brand and trademark is transferred to a licensing agreement with the Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund.
2003:
A franchise opens in Mexico.
2005:
Canadian restaurants number 200, with sales in excess of $393 million.
2007:
The 50th U.S. location opens in Fort Worth, Texas.
In July 2002, the legal structure of the company was altered, at least in Canada, when Boston Pizza International established the Boston Pizza (BP) Royalties Income Fund, which operated as a limited purpose, open-ended trust. The BP Royalties Income Fund owned the trademarks and trade names used by Boston Pizza International in Canada. The fund licensed the use of the trademarks to Boston Pizza International, and in turn the company paid the BP Royalties Income Fund 4 percent of all franchise sales for the Canadian restaurants. Although Boston Pizza International remained a privately held company, shares of the BP Royalties Income Fund were traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The value of the shares was determined by the financial performance of the company’s Canadian franchised stores.
In August 2002, Boston Pizza International began to pursue trademark infringement action against the Boston Market Corporation (BMC) and its parent company, McDonald’s Restaurants of Canada Limited, related to BMC’s entry into the Canadian restaurant market at the beginning of the decade. Boston Pizza charged that the Boston Market name infringed on the long-established identity of the Boston Pizza name, logo, and restaurant concept. The BMC group filed a countersuit seeking to undermine the validity of the Boston Pizza trademarks, challenging their registration history, citing the change in trademark ownership to the BP Royalties Income Fund. Federal court action in 2003 dismissed some but not all of the counterclaims against Boston Pizza, ostensibly allowing litigation to proceed from both sides. At the time, it was expected that legal proceedings would occur during 2005, but in its first quarterly report for 2007, the BP Royalties Income Fund indicated that trademark litigation had not yet been resolved. The lingering trademark issues did not have any potential impact on the company’s restaurants in the United States, in part because the trademarked restaurant name in that country is “Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.”
POISED FOR GROWTH: 2006 AND BEYOND
Boston Pizza’s growth strategy relied on adding franchisees and increasing revenues per location. The company worked to keep the brand fresh and appealing to customers and franchisees alike through continuous improvement and strong corporate support. Emphasis was on protecting and improving franchise profitability, enhancing the Boston Pizza brand through menu innovation and community visibility, and keeping customer satisfaction high.
The placement of a new Boston Pizza or Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza store was carefully researched in order to find the optimum combination of geography, demographics, real estate costs, and even the right competition and complementary businesses. To succeed financially in this industry niche, a restaurant had to attract customers in three distinct time periods: lunch, dinner, and late night. The ideal “neighborhood” for a Boston Pizza store would include businesses that provided steady lunch customers, youth-friendly entertainment options such as a movie cinema that supported a late-night crowd, and proximity to suburban shopping and residential areas to attract guests for dinnertime casual dining and happy hour or weekend sports bar patronage. Having other casual dining establishments nearby could also be a favorable part of the placement mix, since higher volumes of consumers were drawn to an area where multiple options created the atmosphere of a dining destination. The placement process also involved locating stores carefully so that new restaurants did not siphon business away from the company’s existing franchisees.
The buildings themselves were expected to adhere to exacting prototype standards, which included the renovation of restaurants every seven years to keep pace with current corporate design. This not only strengthened the visual identity of the brand, it was also found to increase revenues in the renovated stores by 10 to 15 percent. Every Boston Pizza location included both a family-style restaurant and a separate sports bar. Once inside, customers would find that while there were some regional differences in menu options, certain signature items were always available systemwide.
Training, education, and ongoing support were key elements of Boston Pizza’s growth strategy. As soon as an agreement was signed with a qualified franchisee, start-up assistance from the corporate staff began. There was real estate department assistance to find a good location and negotiate a deal; the corporate office helped franchisees hire an architect; the construction department helped ensure that the location was built to the company’s specifications. Franchisees also got help with marketing and promoting their business.
New franchisees and their managers participated in mandatory six-week training sessions that included both hands-on and classroom education. The corporate office provided another week of business management training and guidance in setting up the financial aspects of the franchise. Prior to a store’s opening, another team of corporate trainers spent two weeks helping to hire and train onsite employees. The opening support team stayed on site for another four weeks, on average, to work with the new employees and get the store off to a solid start. This was considered an investment not only in the success of the location, but in preserving corporate reputation and brand value as well. Boston Pizza President Mark Pacinda noted in CMA Management, “It’s hard to recover from a bad launch. … An opening has to be strong.”
Boston Pizza International was recognized for its charitable giving at both the corporate and store level. The Boston Pizza Foundation supported a variety of causes, and restaurants in both Canada and the United States were active in charitable giving and fund-raising for local programs, especially those that benefited literacy and community youth activities. Local donations typically began even before a restaurant had officially opened for business; traditionally, a store’s employees would pool tips received during certain “dress rehearsal” meals, with the proceeds being donated to a fund that benefited a local program.
At the end of 2006 there were 266 Boston Pizza locations throughout Canada, from west to east: two in the Yukon and Northwest Territories; 58 in British Columbia; 84 in Alberta; 12 in Saskatchewan; 14 in Manitoba; 65 in Ontario; 15 in Quebec (with an additional opening in May 2007); and 16 in the Atlantic region. Boston Pizza International has been named one of Canada’s 50 Best Managed Companies every year since 1994 and it is considered one of Canada’s premier restaurant chains, with strong name recognition coast to coast.
In January 2007 Doug MacDonald was named president of Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza in the United States. In a company press release, he noted, “Boston’s is going through a major growth period and it’s an exciting time for the entire franchise organization. Our sister company, Boston Pizza, is the No. 1 casual dining brand in Canada—our goal is to be the No. 1 casual dining brand in the United States.” That year the 50th U.S. location was opened, in Fort Worth, Texas.
In May 2007 Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza added more than a dozen dishes to its already extensive casualdining menu, including baked pasta dishes featuring shrimp, sausage, ravioli, or spaghetti; pizza variations such as the Flying Buffalo Pizza and the Extreme Mushroom Neapolitan Pizza; and new salad, soup, and dessert offerings. The same month, Pizza Marketplace reported that in Canada, Boston Pizza would soon drop all “industrially-added trans fats” from items on its menu, and would also add 14 new items, six of which were to be designated with the “Health Check” symbol to help customers identify healthful food choices. A new Kids Menu would introduce more trans-fat-free choices for children, too.
Nearly four decades after the first franchised location opened in western Canada, Boston Pizza appeared poised for continued growth in locations and revenue, with more than 300 active locations systemwide, franchise agreements in place for additional restaurants in Canada and the United States, and a corporate strategy for expansion that was both deliberate and ambitious.
Pamela Willwerth Aue
PRINCIPAL OPERATING UNITS
Boston Pizza International Inc. (Canada); Boston Pizza Restaurants, L.P. (United States).
PRINCIPAL COMPETITORS
Eastside Mario’s Restaurant; Pizza 73; Rock Bottom Restaurants Inc.; California Pizza Kitchen Inc.; Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Inc.; Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation.
FURTHER READING
Allossery, Patrick, “The Big Cheese,” Foodservice & Hospitality, February 2005, p. 38.
Annandale, Rob, “Boston Pizza Party: A Chain that Began in Edmonton Rules the Burbs,” Maclean’s, September 5, 2005, p. 30.
“Boston Pizza,” BC Business, October 1994, p. 77.
“Boston Pizza Gets Top Rating Among Royalty Trusts from RBC, Price Target Lowered to $16,” National Post, March 13, 2007.
“Boston Pizza Latest to Dump Trans Fat,” PizzaMarketplace, May 23, 2007.
“Boston Pizza Lends Support to Literacy Program,” Nation’s Restaurant News, March 22, 2004, p. 26.
“Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund and Boston Pizza International Inc. Announce April Distribution and Record First Quarter Sales Results,” CCNMatthews, May 11, 2007.
“Boston Pizza v. Boston Market Trademark Trial Expected in 2005,” PizzaMarketplace, July 29, 2003.
“Boston’s Pizza Chain Inks 3 Pacts for 14-Unit California Push,” Nation’s Business News, October 2, 2006, p. 94.
“Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza Opens Four New Locations, Including Its 50th Grand Opening,” press release, May 9, 2007.
“Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza Revamps Menu After Year of Testing,” Nation’s Restaurant News, April 16, 2007, p. 16.
Byfield, Mike, “Everywhere but Boston,” Alberta Report, November 22, 1999, p. 32.
Caira, Rosanna, “Dough Boys: Interview with Chief Executive of Boston Pizza, Mark Pacinda,” Foodservice & Hospitality, July 2006, p. 72.
“Canadian Pizza Concept Makes U.S. Debut,” Nation’s Restaurant News, December 21, 1998, p. 142.
Cebrzynski, Gregg, “Humor Gives the Sales Pitch a Helping Hand in Boston Pizza’s TV Spots,” Nation’s Restaurant News, September 11, 2006, p. 14.
Colman, Robert, “A Bigger Slice of the Pie: Boston Pizza Has Experienced Impressive Growth over the Past 10 Years,” CMA Management, April 2005, p. 30.
Cooper, John, “Show Me the Dough: CMA Mark Powell Gets the Franchise Recipe Right for One of Canada’s Best-Managed Companies,” CMA Management, March 2002, p. 46.
Holm, Jordan, “Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund,” Income Trust Report, July 2006, pp. 4–6.
Kelly, Elizabeth, “Pizza a l’oseille,” CA Magazine (French edition), April 2007, p. 22.
King, Paul, “Boston’s the Gourmet Pizza Ready to Slice into Mexican Market,” Nation’s Restaurant News, November 25, 2002, p. 16.
_____, “Shades of M*A*S*H! Pizza Chain Fills Soldier’s Wish,” Nation’s Restaurant News, November 24, 2003, p. 32.
Norris, Maya, “American Pie,” Chain Leader, May 2005, p. 87.
Olijnyk, Zena, “What a Slice,” Canadian Business, April 2004, p. 25.
“Party On, Pizza; 200th Store of Boston Pizza,” Foodservice & Hospitality, August 2004, p. 7.
Reinhardt, Kari, “A Slice of Optimism,” Foodservice & Hospitality, July 2000, p. 73.
“Restaurant Serves Up More than Pizza,” Food Institute Report, January 5, 2004, p. 2.
Siegel, Jeff, “Canadian Invasion: Can Boston Pizza Grow in the U.S.?” Pizza Today, August 2003.
Spence, Rick, “Lessons from the Dragons’ Den: Divorce, Then Marriage,” Profit, October 2006.
Stout, Heidi J., “Large Dining Chain Plans Big Expansion,” Portland Business Journal, December 29, 2003.
Strandlund, Nicole, “Failure Proves No Deterrent to Restaurateurs,” Business Edge (Alberta, B.C.), February 16, 2006.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 89
|
https://www.moosejawtoday.com/national-business/pizza-pizza-signs-master-franchise-agreement-to-expand-into-mexico-4817289
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza signs master franchise agreement to expand into Mexico
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=368869073682257&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/moosejawtoday/images/moosejawtoday/moosejawtoday.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/f/files/shared/feeds/cp/2024/08/8c07cc1299222bf0650200b25c6141a997fdac2f9d149ffaccbf337b28db6bb8.jpg;w=120;h=80;mode=crop",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/f/files/shared/feeds/cp/2024/08/07cba2311347b17db3f3c6a6be58bec4fde409221fb2562234374c8aee2c4ccc.jpg;w=120;h=80;mode=crop",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/f/files/shared/feeds/cp/2024/08/b8e3f7627687e0903300b383a64c1f0f2af4bd48a2c442f5d7c8954ca8d94726.jpg;w=120;h=80;mode=crop",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/harvardmedia.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/sasktoday/images/sasktoday/sasktoday-green-logo.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/moosejawtoday/images/moosejawtoday/moosejawtoday.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/saskagtoday.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/sportscage.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/cruz.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/play1013.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/trace.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/wolf.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/ckrm.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/harvard/gx94.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/moosejawtoday/images/moosejawtoday/mjt-logo-192x192.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Canadian Press"
] |
2021-12-01T15:56:47+00:00
|
TORONTO — Pizza Pizza Ltd. has signed a deal that will see the restaurant chain expand into Mexico next year. The company says it has signed a master franchise agreement with Guadalajara-based KSG/GrünCorp.
|
en
|
MooseJawToday.com
|
https://www.moosejawtoday.com/national-business/pizza-pizza-signs-master-franchise-agreement-to-expand-into-mexico-4817289
|
TORONTO — Pizza Pizza Ltd. has signed a deal that will see the restaurant chain expand into Mexico next year.
The company says it has signed a master franchise agreement with Guadalajara-based KSG/GrünCorp.
Pizza Pizza chief executive Paul Goddard says KSG/GrünCorp is a long-standing business leader in Mexico, with expertise in restaurants and real estate.
KSG will be responsible for developing and growing the restaurants in Mexico.
KSG operates Arby's in Mexico as well as in-house brand Papas Topper.
Pizza Pizza has restaurants across Canada under the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 banners.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 1, 2021.
Companies in this story: (TSX:PZA)
The Canadian Press
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 31
|
https://www.ubereats.com/ca/store/pizza-73-2311c-8-street-east/barf5e3XSIWxEv5l_mBRgw
|
en
|
Order Pizza 73 (2311c 8 Street East) Menu Delivery in Saskatoon
|
[
"https://www.ubereats.com/_static/97c43f8974e6c876.svg",
"https://tb-static.uber.com/prod/image-proc/processed_images/2e999233ca2a271ca8addb90ddfabc9a/f6deb0afc24fee6f4bd31a35e6bcbd47.jpeg",
"https://tb-static.uber.com/prod/image-proc/processed_images/dc6f3e253bd88453434f35c903fd9c96/029e6f4e0c81c14572126109dfe867f3.jpeg",
"https://www.ubereats.com/_static/97c43f8974e6c876.svg",
"https://www.ubereats.com/_static/783bb4a82e5be29e.svg",
"https://www.ubereats.com/_static/163bdc9b0f1e7c9e.png",
"https://www.ubereats.com/_static/29ed4bc0793fd578.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Use your Uber account to order delivery from Pizza 73 (2311c 8 Street East) in Saskatoon. Browse the menu, view popular items, and track your order.
|
en
|
/_static/35b3b9a3182fec82.png
|
https://www.ubereats.com/ca/store/pizza-73-2311c-8-street-east/barf5e3XSIWxEv5l_mBRgw
|
Enter your address to see if Pizza 73 (2311c 8 Street East) delivery is available to your location in Saskatoon.
There are 2 ways to place an order on Uber Eats: on the app or online using the Uber Eats website. After you’ve looked over the Pizza 73 (2311c 8 Street East) menu, simply choose the items you’d like to order and add them to your cart. Next, you’ll be able to review, place, and track your order.
To save money on the delivery, consider getting an Uber One membership, if available in your area, as one of its perks is a $0 Delivery Fee on select orders.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 28
|
https://www.tiktok.com/channel/neapolitan-pizza%3Flang%3Den
|
en
|
Make Your Day
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 53
|
https://www.forbes.com/sites/loisaltermark/2020/01/16/this-just-might-be-the-best-pizza-in-the-world/
|
en
|
This Just Might Be The Best Pizza In The World
|
[
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29f3f76c93238b87a52f8e7da5f04eec?s=400&d=mm&r=g"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"pizza",
"tony's pizza napoletana",
"tony g",
"tony gemignani"
] | null |
[
"Lois Alter Mark"
] |
2020-01-16T00:00:00
|
No, it's not in New York or Chicago. Or Italy.
|
en
|
Forbes
|
https://www.forbes.com/sites/loisaltermark/2020/01/16/this-just-might-be-the-best-pizza-in-the-world/
|
As former New Yorkers, my husband and I are very snobby about pizza.
So, although we hate to admit it, we may have found the best pizza in the world in ... San Francisco?
The pies at Tony’s Pizza Napoletana, which just celebrated its 10th anniversary, are so good, they’re worth a trip from anywhere in the world. And you’d have to stay for a couple of days so you can really taste them all.
Owner Tony Gemignani has won many prestigious awards, including Best Pizza Margherita at the World Pizza Cup in Naples, Italy, and Best Pizza Romana at the World Championship of Pizza Makers in 2011. He was the first and only Triple Crown winner for baking at the International Pizza Championships in Leece, Italy, and was the first American and non-Neapolitan to win the coveted title of World Champion Pizza Maker at the World Pizza Cup in Naples in 2007. He was also a pioneer in bringing several different styles of pizzas and other Italian dishes to the Bay Area.
Since discovering Tony’s, my husband and I have come up with creative excuses for visiting San Francisco on a regular basis because we literally dream about his pizzas and can only go so long without one.
Here’s what Gemignani himself had to say when I asked him about all things pizza. Warning: Do not continue reading if you’re hungry.
How did you get started making pizza?
I’ve been involved in the pizza industry since 1991. I started making pizza at my brother’s acclaimed Pyzano’s Pizzeria in Castro Valley. Eventually I began working with different independent pizza shops and later went to Italy and traveled a ton. After winning multiple world pizza competitions, I made my way back to the U.S. and started to learn regional styles (think New York, Chicago, St. Louis, New Haven, and more).
Leading with my mission statement, “Respect the Craft,” I’ve devoted myself to learning everything there is to know about pizza, and I’ve aimed to showcase my knowledge and passion with each person that comes in to experience our menu of thirteen regional styles of pizza. This craft has taken me on a great journey that I’m excited to continue.
Did you know right away you wanted pizza to become your life’s work?
I always loved cooking. Even in high school I took Home Economics courses. Back then I didn’t think anything of it. Then, quickly after high school I started working at my brother’s pizzeria and fell in love with it right away.
I ended up getting my pizza certification in Italy and am an official U.S. Ambassador of Neapolitan Pizza by the city of Naples – a prestigious title only given to three people in the entire world. I am also the first Master Instructor in the United States from the Scuola Italiana Pizzaioli and am the proprietor of the International School of Pizza where I certify chefs from around the world—all through Tony’s Pizza Napoletana.
I’ve had the pleasure of teaching so many great pizza makers, who have gone on to open up their own great pizzerias and make incredible pie. In a sense, they carry on the work for me and it’s a very special process to be a part of.
What is about pizza that makes it so beloved to people?
Growing up, pizza is every kid’s favorite food. It’s communal, fun, and easy—you can make it your own, whether that’s creating something simple or complex. You can make round, square, thick, or thin.
I think that sense of nostalgia stays with you as you become an adult. Pizza brings people back to when life was a bit simpler. And let’s face it, pizza is delicious no matter how old you are.
One of the things that makes your restaurant so unique is the variety of ovens. Can you give readers a quick education, please?
Our menu offers a wide variety of Italian and American pizza styles, all cooked in one of seven different ovens. We have the true Neopolitan pizza made in a burning wood up to 900 degrees, to a blistering 1000 degree coal oven, along with an assortment of gas and electric ovens, each perfectly suited to the particular style of pizza cooked in it.
What are the most popular pizzas at Tony’s?
That’s a tough question. We have multiple award-winning pies on the menu, including our popular Margherita Napoletana (we only make 73 of them each day), Pizza Porto, Cal Italia, La Regina, Burratina di Margherita, and New Yorker which is coal-fired in our 1000 degree oven.
Which pie is your personal favorite?
That’s like asking a father who his favorite son is. You know I have one, but I’ll never admit it. And, honestly, I love everything. That’s why I like to explore so many different styles of pizza.
Let’s talk about some other dishes like those incredible squash blossoms. How did you come up with those?
Being in California, we are very lucky to have access to some of the best seasonal produce. The California-style pizzas on our menu are a nod to these seasonal ingredients, and we have fun getting creative with surprising pairings. Last year, we launched the squash blossom & burrata pie inspired by the spring season featuring ricotta stuffed squash blossoms, burrata, prosciutto di parma, crushed red pepper, mozzarella, and shaved parmigiano reggiano.
Other than pizza, what are some of the restaurant’s most popular dishes?
We make our own pasta and case sausages in-house, and offer a wide selection of pastas, antipasti, salads, and desserts. A few stand out crowd-favorites are the Coccoli (delicious rounds of sea-salted fried dough that can be filled with your favorite ingredients), Meatballs Gigante, Peroni Battered Fried Artichokes, and Housemade Bucatini Pasta.
We should mention your wine awards, as well. What are they and what do they mean to you?
We recently received Wine Spectator’s Award of Excellence for the 5th year in a row, which is such an honor. Wine Director Jules Gregg ensures that our wine list is as thoughtful and expansive as our food menu. We offer 65 different varietals and 185 wines, highlighting intentional selections from Italy and California.
Mixologist Elmer Mejicanos also provides a full bar program featuring hand-crafted artisan cocktails and an extensive tequila and beer collection.
Tell us about the process of coming up with recipes. How do you experiment?
To make the perfect pizza, it’s all about the ingredients. I start with flour as the foundation; it’s the heart and soul of pizza. Balance is important, but it’s really about your dough, sauce, and cheese. I always want to make sure that my dough balances with the other pizza flavors, while taking you through a journey with each bite.
Describe those award-winning pizzas so we can drool a little.
· One of our most popular pies is the Margherita Napoletana (we only make 73 per day), a World Pizza Cup winner in Naples, Italy. It features dough finished by hand using Caputo Blue flour then proofed in Napolitana wood boxes, San Marzano tomatoes, D.O.P., sea salt, mozzarella for di latte, fresh basil and extra virgin olive oil.
· Pizza Porto, my most recent award-winning pie, won the 2018 All-Stars Pizza Championship in Porto, Portugal. It features Portuguese chorizo, nduja, micro greens, mozzarella, top Sao Jorge cheese, port reduction, crema di port, and smoked sea salt.
· Cal Italia, a gold medal winner of Food Network’s Pizza Champions Challenge, features asiago, mozzarella, Italian gorgonzola, Croatian sweet fig preserves, prosciutto di parma, parmigiano, balsamic reduction, and no sauce.
· La Regina, a gold cup winner at the International Pizza Championships Parma, Italy, features soppressata picante, prosciutto di parma, mozzarella, parmigiano, provolone, and arugula.
· Burratina di Margherita, a gold cup winner at the International Pizza Championships Lecce, Italy, features burrata, cherry tomatoes tossed with fresh basil, extra virgin olive oil, and balsamic reduction.
· New Yorker, a gold medal winner Las Vegas, features mozzarella, hand crushed tomato sauce, natural casing pepperoni, sliced Italian fennel sausage, calabrese sausage, ricotta, chopped garlic, and oregano.
How does it feel to have your pizzas named best in the world? How do you top that?!
It is truly an honor and a blessing. It’s also a bit surreal—especially to have won internationally. It’s one of the best feelings ever, but I’m always trying to make it better. After I win a championship, I look at that pizza and think to myself—how can I make it better?
What’s next for you?
I hope pizza lovers will come visit us at our Bay Area and Las Vegas locations in exciting new venues. We also have Tony’s locations in San Francisco’s Levi’s Stadium and Tony G’s within the new Chase Center, and there are more to come soon.
Do you ever get sick of pizza?
Never.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 48
|
https://leadiq.com/c/pizza-pizza-limited/5a1d7e7e240000240058c0e6/employee-directory
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Limited Employee Directory, Headcount & Staff
|
[
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/logo.DuCvgQ6q.svg",
"https://image-service.leadiq.com/companylogo?linkedinId=119810",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/linkedin.CTNK4Y3S.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person3.BP6EB6GK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person1.BPMEtw_v.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/person2.gGAFDQux.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/phone.VY-Lk3As.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/email-verified.CQm0m087.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/minus.C6GdxcxK.svg",
"https://leadiq.com/_assets/plus.CzAbv4Vp.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081c958408db1111a5f6e4b_leadiq-icon-contact-phone.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081c9584a52ae9f54e9d71c_leadiq-icon-contact-email.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081c9584a52ae9f54e9d71c_leadiq-icon-contact-email.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081cb4e5452d50f1f7a3fb3_leadiq-social-media-facebook.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081cb4eee94984fa4071d52_leadiq-social-media-twitter.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081cb4e288f5700bcb39bfd_leadiq-social-media-linkedin.svg",
"https://assets-global.website-files.com/60819f9be381394642b5659e/6081cb4e9e444d3a934f9719_leadiq-social-media-youtube.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"pizza pizza limited employees",
"pizza pizza limited employee count",
"pizza pizza limited number of employees",
"pizza pizza limited staff",
"pizza pizza limited employee directory"
] | null |
[] | null |
Explore Pizza Pizza Limited's employee directory to find accurate email addresses and contact information. Book a demo today.
|
en
|
https://public-pages.leadiq.com/c/pizza-pizza-limited/5a1d7e7e240000240058c0e6/employee-directory
|
Pizza Pizza Limited Employee Directory
Food and Beverage ServicesOntario, Canada1001-5000 Employees
For over 50 years, Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision to provide the âbest food, made especially for youâ with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement. With more than 750 locations across Canada, the company is Canadaâs pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader, operating two banners â Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 â that deliver quality food choices, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets. Visit www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com for more information.
|
||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 12
|
https://pizzatoday.com/topics/industry-news/2024-pizza-industry-trends-report/
|
en
|
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report
|
[
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pizza_Today_Logo-1.svg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pizza_Today_Logo-1.svg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BeCountedGraphics-5-440x135-1-1.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BeCountedGraphics-5-440x135-1-1.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PC24_440x135-e1723643898210.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PC24_440x135-e1723643898210.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/HotSliceTeaser.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/HotSliceTeaser.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/s-icon.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/s-icon.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pizza_Today_Logo.svg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pizza_Today_Logo.svg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/s-icon.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/s-icon.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IndustryReportSpreadNEW.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IndustryReportSpreadNEW.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/WEBFirefly-making-pizzas-with-automation-and-a-digital-tablet-in-hand-55138-copy-300x171.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Untitled-1_0006_Modern-Peppizza-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Untitled-1_0006_Modern-Peppizza-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/interior-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/interior-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mobile-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mobile-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/WEBFirefly-people-working-in-a-pizzeria-26277-copy-233x300.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/WEBFirefly-people-working-in-a-pizzeria-26277-copy-233x300.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/lindustrie-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/lindustrie-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Detroit2_313-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Detroit2_313-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/PizzaHeadSlices_PH-800x533-1-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/PizzaHeadSlices_PH-800x533-1-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/brisketpizza_lostriverLost-River-199x300.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/brisketpizza_lostriverLost-River-199x300.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/St_Angelos_0000_wings-150x150-1-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/St_Angelos_0000_wings-150x150-1-300x200.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/WEBFirefly-digital-online-ordering-pizza-39016-copy-300x171.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/WEBFirefly-digital-online-ordering-pizza-39016-copy-300x171.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SaputologoWEB-e1701285085653-300x112.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CMABlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NeilJoneslogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BarillalogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KrusteazlogoWEB1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PicniclogoWEB-300x57.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PizzaCloudlogoWEB.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/23-AKC-0064-Image-1-Title.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/23-AKC-0064-Image-1-Title.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/NovWeb_0006_Josh-Keown-_-Pizza-Today-copy-4.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/NovWeb_0006_Josh-Keown-_-Pizza-Today-copy-4.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/7PizzaoftheWeek_1080x1080BOXCAR-WEB.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/7PizzaoftheWeek_1080x1080BOXCAR-WEB.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ChicagoThin-e1556563287834.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ChicagoThin-e1556563287834.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cheesy.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cheesy.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BeCountedGraphics-3-900x500-1.jpeg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BeCountedGraphics-3-900x500-1.jpeg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Styles.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Styles.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/WhatsWrong900x600.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/WhatsWrong900x600.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POTY1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POTY1.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/FC_PIZ_0822_CoverSpine.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/FC_PIZ_0822_CoverSpine.jpg",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/PTWeekly.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/PTWeekly.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/pizza-white.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/pizza-white.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/plugins/universal-custom-footer/inc/emerald-logo.png",
"https://pizzatoday.com/wp-content/plugins/universal-custom-footer/inc/emerald-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Pizza Today Staff"
] |
2023-12-01T13:36:08+00:00
|
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report includes this year's hottest pizza trends, pizza industry statistics, hot pizza toppings, pizza styles, labor trends, marketing trends.
|
en
|
Pizza Today
|
https://pizzatoday.com/topics/industry-news/2024-pizza-industry-trends-report/
|
A look at this year’s pizza trends, pizza industry statistics and analysis
Welcome to our second annual Pizzeria Industry Trends Report presented by Pizza Today. We provide you, pizzeria operators and pizza professional, with a gauge of vital pizzeria insights, issues and trends backed by your most trusted pizza industry source, Pizza Today. This is also a critical resource for industry partners and others who want to gain insights on current pizza industry trends. We surveyed 748 pizzeria owners from across the country to see what’s happening in America’s pizzerias. We combed through surveys, national reports and key industry indicators to bring you the 2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report.
Special thanks to the 2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
Table of Contents — 2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report
2024 Pizza Industry Key Findings
What’s Important to the Independent Pizzeria Operator?
Current Independent Pizzeria Market Trends
Pizza Concepts & Sales — Keeping it Casual
Current Pizza Industry Revenue Streams Changes
Pizzeria Labor Trends — The Employee Conundrum
Current Pizzeria Menu Trends
2024 Pizza Style Trends
America’s Top 10 Pizza Styles
Pizza Styles on the Rise
Detroit is Still on Top as Trending Pizza Style
2024 Pizza Toppings Trends
Top 10 Pizza Toppings in the U.S.
Hot Pizza Toppings to Watch
Pizza Cheese Trends — Cheese Please!
Specialty/Dietary Pizza Options
Pizza Toppings on Their Way Out
Regional Pizzeria Trends Breakdown
Best-Selling Non-pizza Items
Pizzeria Marketing Trends 2024
2024 Restaurant Marketing Trends to Watch
Where are pizzerias putting their advertising dollars?
Pizzeria Social Media Trends 2024
Pizza Restaurant Technology Trends
Pizzeria Equipment Buying Trends
Pizzeria Industry 2024 Outlook: A Look Forward
Business Priorities
Eyes on Adding Units
Renovations on the Horizon
2024 Looks Cautiously Optimistic
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
.
2024 Pizza Industry Key Findings — Top Pizza Trends
After producing our first State of the Pizza Industry report in 2023, we knew the key this year would be not so much in the data, but in how it has changed (or not) in the last 12 months. The ability to compare makes it easier to identify and analyze trends, which is the primary consideration now that we have two years’ worth of extensive metrics.
Some key findings and takeaways that jumped out the most when filtering through the data delivered in this year’s operator survey came top of mind when we ran the numbers through AI to find out what is most trending. The results:
Online ordering’s increase is not slowing. Its importance to the industry is paramount.
Quality remains king. Operators continue to say the quality of the ingredients they use remains the driving factor in their ability to retain customers.
Style variety matters. The trend of offering different styles of pizza is not slowing. Customers are now expecting it.
Plant-based and Vegan demand remains. Operators continue ramping up their efforts to provide these options to consumers.
Labor Woes. The pandemic may be over, but the labor pool has not gotten much deeper from last year, according to pizzeria owners.
Automation. Operators are seeking ways to streamline operations to battle the lack of labor and to meet consumer expectations.
Staying Social. Marketing via the various social media channels remains a critical opportunity, and sometimes a challenge, for pizzeria owners.
We uncovered many more trends, so this is just a topline overview of some prominent recurring responses in our survey data. Read on to dive deeper into what we’ve spent the last several months crunching and compiling!
What’s Important to the Independent Pizzeria Operator?
The pizzeria market as a whole is poised to continue its growth over the next few years. North America’s pizza market is set to grow by 6.11% and $51.38 billion, according to Technavio’s Pizza Market by Type and Geography – Forecast and Analysis 2022-2026. How big of an impact does the Independent Pizzeria Market have on those figures? Estimates vary widely from 40% to 60% represent independent pizzerias. Pizza Today classifies independent pizzerias as pizzerias not under a franchise or license agreement with nine or fewer units. The Indie Pizza Market is thriving in the U.S. post-pandemic. But, today’s independent operations are also facing many unprecedented hurdles. Let’s take a deeper look at the independent pizzeria market.
More independent operators completed our survey than the previous year. Of the 748 responses, 606 were independent operators. Amongst independent operation respondents surveyed, 73 percent of the pizzerias were single unit, while the remaining 27 percent operated two to nine units, which is the same unit breakdown as last year.
Current Independent Pizzeria Market Trends
Independents are finding optimism and challenges when we asked them what they see as the biggest pizza industry trends. While AI found the big picture ideas above, analyzing the independent market responses reflect what’s happening in American smaller pizzerias.
Costs and inflation are impacting the small pizzerias. This will require operators to continue to find cost savings and additional revenue sources in the coming year.
Operators are better equipped to tackle food costs. While costs soar, independents have been laser focused on reigning in food costs and it shows. We are seeing an encouraging increase in the number of respondents maintaining a 22% or less food cost and less operations teetering over that pivotal 30% mark.
Emphasize customer satisfaction. It’s more important than ever to find ways to keep customers happy, especially in a digital interface, whether that be your online ordering system or third-party delivery.
Innovation and technology are in reach of single-unit operators. As customers depend on technology for daily interactions, independents are meeting the demand by installing and upgrading systems. But, they are not stopping there, operators are continuing to upgrade their operating systems and equipment for efficiency and effectiveness and to ease labor issues.
Independents are leading the charge in menu creativity. They are rolling out new pizza styles and pizza topping combinations that are being noticed by major chains.
Independents are looking for sustainability and local sourcing. Each year we are seeing indies increasingly doing their part to create more sustainable businesses. A major factor is access to local products and pricing of eco-friendly products being more available to the singe-unit operator.
Casual dining dominates independents. While fast casual and counter service are trending, the bread and butter of the indie market is sit-down casual dining.
Indies need to explore new revenue streams. Offering catering, third-party delivery, merchandise, mobile units and beer and liquor are all up this year.
Look to events for additional revenue. We are seeing some upward momentum in room/facility rentals, fee-based special events and classes and entertainment on premise.
Pizza Concepts & Sales — Keeping it Casual
What’s in a concept? Apparently, everything. 90.31 percent of our survey respondents were independent pizzerias with 9 or fewer stores. When we asked them to define their concept type, 38.3 percent selected casual dining. Another 30.25 percent opted for fast-casual.
Meanwhile, 16.54% say they offer carryout and delivery only. We found that particularly interesting as that was the same number as in last year’s survey. Yet last year, the casual concepts totaled 72.4% compared to 68.55% this year. So, where’s the difference?
A surge in Quick Serve is where the numbers point us as compared to 2022. As consumers continue to lead busier and busier lives, convenience trumps experience.
Current Pizza Industry Revenue Streams Changes
With that in mind, do we see any changes in revenue streams as compared to the prior 12 months? Let’s dive into it.
In 2022, pizzeria owners told us a diversification of their revenue streams were essential to their businesses. Catering, food trucks, alcohol delivery and adding grocery items were the top responses. Fast forward to this year’s data and while those streams remain important, we see that catering, beer and liquor to go and market/grocery items have slightly dipped (less than two percent each), while third-party delivery (38.75% are deploying it) is slightly growing. The biggest growth witnessed in the last year, however, comes as a result of more pizzerias returning to a dine-in focus: 15.5% say room/facility rentals for large groups or parties fueled important revenue in the past year.
Speaking of third-party delivery, where do we as an industry now stand on what has often been a divisive subject?
In 2022, income from third-party delivery was a driver for 37.2 percent of respondents. This year, that number increased very slightly to 38.75%. However, the numbers show third-party sales are becoming a larger part of the overall revenue puzzle. In 2022, 18.5% of our respondents said third-party sales accounted for more than 11% of their total overall sales. This year? That number is up to 22.45% of respondents. So, while roughly the same number of pizzerias are partnering with third-party delivery companies, there is a nearly 4% boost overall in how much third-party is impacting the bottom line.
Can the same be said of online ordering? In a nutshell, yes.
In 2022, 26.4% said they did not offer online ordering. That number is now down to 23.4%.
In 2022, 14.6% said that online ordering accounted for 18-27% of their overall sales. This year, 17.66% gave that answer. Online ordering continues to drive significant revenue in the industry, and it appears to still be steadily and consistently growing.
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
.
Pizzeria Labor Trends — The Employee Conundrum
Labor is not only a significant expense, but a most-oft listed headache amongst pizzeria owners. In last year’s survey we discovered that overall outlook was improving. Did that optimism come to fruition?
Not really.
Statistically speaking, the number of employees pizzerias have in 2023 vs. 2022 remains virtually unchanged. 38.3% have 10 or fewer employees as compared to 37.9% last year. However, labor costs are on the rise: last year 26% of operations carried a labor cost between 29-35%. Now, 28.33% tell us their labor cost falls into that range, while an additional 10.1% of respondents say their labor cost is above 35%.
13.54% of survey respondents say they have increased employee pay by 12 or more percent. Additionally, 19.67 percent of respondents say they have increased employee wages by 7-11%.
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
.
Current Pizzeria Menu Trends
To stay up to date on the latest pizzeria menu trends, we examined what’s hot on pizzeria menus, what’s being added and what’s being removed. From pizza styles to other menu categories, operators shared what’s trending on menus across America.
First and foremost, our respondents know pizza! Nearly 80% of survey respondents shared that 55% or more of their total sales came from pizza sales and 41% said 80% or more were pizza sales.
Now, let’s dive into some menu category trends, including pizza styles, pizza toppings, and other menu items.
2024 Pizza Style Trends
Offering multiple pizza styles continues to dominate the pizza market with over 68% of our respondents offering more than one pizza style. That is up 4% over last year.
America’s Top 10 Pizza Styles
New York continues to be the No. 1 Pizza Style in America. There has been movement in pizza styles offered at pizzerias in the U.S. Comparing our responses from last year, Neapolitan moved up one spot to No. 5 and Chicago Thin fell two places to No. 6. NEOpolitan entered the Top 10 for the first time tying with Chicago Thick. Here are the Top 10 Pizza Styles in America:
New York
Traditional American
Sicilian
Deep Dish
Neapolitan
Chicago Thin
Detroit
Grandma
California/American Artisan
Chicago Thick and NEOpolitan (Tie)
More than 15% of our respondents indicated that they offered a style other than the 25 listed styles. Some common style themes among the respondents that selected other include blending two pizza styles, non-recognized local/regional styles, gluten-free, cauliflower crust and stuffed crusts.
Pizza Styles on the Rise
It’s challenging to predict which pizza style will be the year’s trending pizza style. So, we asked our operators if they intend to add a pizza style in the coming year, what style will they add. The responses were a bit different than last year.
Detroit is Still on Top as Trending Pizza Style
Detroit Style Pizza is proving it has staying power as the hot pizza style to add. A mover and shaker is New York-style pizza making its debut in the Top 5 Pizza Styles to add. Pushed out of the Top 5 by a paper-thin margin is Roman style. Here are the Top 5 Pizza Style trending this year:
Detroit
Grandma and Deep Dish (Tie)
Sicilian
New York
Chicago Thin
Are you looking to add Detroit-style pizza? We’ve put together a complete guide on Detroit pizza including characteristics of Detroit pizza, its history, tips on making Detroit style pizza, Detroit pizzerias to look at, and Detroit style pizza recipes and tutorials. Check out our Detroit Style Pizza: A Guide to Detroit Pizza.
Want to test one of the five Trending Pizza Styles?
We’ve created a guide with dough recipes and dough formula with tips from some the best pizza masters and dough experts in the U.S., including Tony Gemignani, Laura Meyer, Anthony Falco, Derek Sanchez, Jeff Smokevitch, John Arena and the late Dough Doctor Tom Lehmann. Go to Dough Recipes for Top Trending Pizza Styles and start testing a new pizza style in your kitchen.
2024 Pizza Toppings Trends
Pizza Topping preferences can very region by region. But first let’s see which pizza toppings are the most popular nationally. This year’s 20 most popular pizza toppings offer by pizzerias in America are:
Top 10 Pizza Toppings in the U.S.:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Mushroom
Extra Cheese
Bacon
Chicken
Onion
Red/Green Bell Pepper
Ham
Black Olives
Let’s round out the Top 20 Pizza Toppings in America:
Meatballs
Canadian Bacon
Jalapenos
Pineapple
Beef
Basil
Banana Peppers
Fresh garlic
Tomatoes
Spinach
Hot Pizza Toppings to Watch
Popular pizza toppings can vary by pizzeria. So, we asked operators what pizza toppings they have introduced in the past 12 months to get a gauge on what’s hot with pizza toppings.
We found toppings that are new to pizzeria menus include:
Going with a different pepperoni style like cup and char or old world
Vegan meat and cheese alternatives
Sweet toppings including hot honey, fig jam and maple syrup.
Cup and char sausage, as well as Italian sausage
Caramelized and Pickled Veggies
Sweet and hot pepper varieties, including jalapeños, cherry peppers, and pasilla peppers
Mexican-inspired meats like Birria, chorizo and carne asada
BBQ pork, chicken and brisket
Executive Editor Denise Greer’s 2024 Topping Picks
In addition to our operator survey, Executive Editor Denise Greer monitors topping trends in America. Her picks include mortadella, corn and smoked salmon. See what other toppings made the list.
Pizza Cheese Trends — Cheese Please!
Part of the holy trinity of pizza, cheese is an area of evolution. Operators are constantly looking for ways to make their pizza stand out from competitors and cheese is a big wow factor. The biggest take away from cheeses added is blending cheeses.
Among the new toppings operators look to add, new cheeses are hot. Here are some new cheese additions:
Ricotta
Cheddar
Fresh Mozzarella
Goat Cheese
Parmigiano Crema
Cojita Cheese
Scamorza
Vegan Cheese
Blue Cheese
Feta
Specialty/Dietary Pizza Options
Offering dietary and specialty pizza options have been critical for diners as parties choose restaurants that can meet the needs of every person in their group. We asked operators of the dietary/specialty pizza options, which they offer in their pizzeria. Here is the breakdown:
Vegetarian — 82%
Vegan/Plant-based Alternatives — 30%
Dairy-free — over 29%
Gluten-free crust — over 65%
Cauliflower crust — 39%
Pizza Toppings on Their Way Out
The biggest takeaway from our operator survey on toppings to remove from the list is that the majority are not removing any pizza toppings at all. Of the respondents who indicated they have removed toppings, those items include: beef, black olives, vegan meat and cheese alternatives, artichokes and shrimp.
Pizza Toppings on the Horizon
Pizza makers and operators are constantly testing new pizza combinations. In our survey, we wanted to know what toppings are in research and development. This year, the creativity in pizza kitchens is high. Here are some common themes among operators who are experimenting with pizza toppings at their shop:
Meat is king! They are working with meat toppings out of the norm from pork belly and smoked brisket to prosciutto and cup and char sausage.
Find the right plant-based toppings. Pizzerias are looking for the best plant-based products that work for their vegan and meat- and dairy-free customers.
More shops are incorporating hot honey. Hot pepper-infused honey came on the scene years ago. But hot honey is still being added to menus across the country.
Play with unique and creative toppings. While some may be seasonal, unique pizza toppings are finding their way onto menus, from more exotic mushrooms like shiitake to persimmons, waffles and even octopus. Others include smoked Kalamata olives, sweet drop peppers, curry sauce, lemons and pecans.
Look to International flavors. Mexican, Cuban, Indian and other Asian specialties inspired pizzas are wowing culinary explorers at pizzerias.
New this Year – Regional Pizzeria Trends Breakdown
With so many responses from pizzeria operators, we’re able to look at what’s happening regionally in the Pizza Industry. The regions are broken down as follows:
Regional Key
Northeast Region – including New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) and the Middle Atlantic (New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania)
Midwest Region — including East North Central (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) and West North Central (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota)
South Region — including South Atlantic (Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, D.C., and West Virginia); East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee) and West South Central (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas)
West Region — including Mountain (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming) and Pacific (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington)
Northeastern U.S. Pizza Trends
What Pizza Styles are hot in the Northeast?
The Top 5 Pizza Styles in Pizzerias in the Northeast are:
New York Style
Sicilian
Traditional America
Neapolitan
Grandma
The national Top 5 Pizza Toppings hold strong in the Northeast at:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Mushroom
Extra cheese
Bacon
But as we move into the Top 10, meatballs and banana pepper prove to be more popular in the Northeast than nationally.
Chicken
Onion
Red/Green pepper
Meatballs
Banana Peppers
Here is a quick glance at some toppings that pizzerias in the Northeast are testing: cup and char pepperoni, nduja, apples, vegan toppings and shredded pork.
Midwest U.S. Pizza Trends
What Pizza Styles are hot in the Midwest?
The Top 5 Pizza Styles in Pizzerias in the Midwest are:
Traditional America
Chicago Thin
New York Style
Deep Dish
Detroit
The national Top 5 pizza toppings didn’t hold as Extra Cheese fell out in favor of onion. The Top 5 Pizza Toppings in the Midwest are:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Mushroom
Bacon
Onion
Here is a quick glance at some toppings that pizzerias in the Midwest are testing: cup and char sausage, chorizo, mortadella, plant-based alternatives, fried chicken, BBQ meats and pickled vegetables.
Southern U.S. Pizza Trends
What Pizza Styles are hot in the South?
The Top 5 Pizza Styles in Pizzerias in the South are:
New York Style
Traditional America
Sicilian
Deep Dish
Neapolitan
The national Top 5 Pizza Toppings hold strong in the South at:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Mushroom
Extra cheese
Bacon
But the rest of the Top 10 stray away from the national list. Beef moves into the Top 10. Here are standings:
Onion
Chicken
Red/Green pepper
Beef
Ham
Here is a quick glance at some toppings that pizzerias in the South are testing: short ribs, plant-based alternatives, crab and kielbasa.
Western U.S. Pizza Trends
What Pizza Styles are hot in the West?
The West favors California over Deep Dish compared to the national list. The Top 5 Pizza Styles in Pizzerias in the West are:
New York Style
Traditional America
California/American Artisan
Sicilian
Neapolitan
There is some shakeup in the West’s Top 5 Pizza Toppings with chicken entering the list. The West’s Top 5 are:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Mushroom
Chicken
Bacon
The rest of the Top 10 stray away from the national list with pineapple and jalapeno moving into the Top 10. Here are standings:
Extra cheese
Black Olives
Onion
Jalapenos
Pineapple
Here is a quick glance at some toppings that pizzerias in the West are testing: pickled jalapeno, salmon, Hatch green chilies, kale, potato, lemon and figs.
Rounding Out a Pizzeria Menu
While some pizzerias keep their menus tight, sticking with pizza only, many others offer a diverse menu of appetizers, salads, sandwiches, entrees and desserts. What’s working on menus at pizzerias?
Best-Selling Non-pizza Items are:
We asked operators what their top-selling non-pizza items were and there are several common items among pizzerias. They include:
Wings. Wings remain hot on menus whether traditional Buffalo style, dry rub or sauced with unique flavors. One piece of advice, offer some heat options.
Salads. Healthy, cold salads pair well with hot and filling pizza. Salads range from a simple wedge to Caesar and seasonal harvest salads.
Pastas. Offerings tend to favor classic Italian entrees.
Garlic Knots/Breadsticks/Garlic Bread. These low-cost apps are winners and use leftover pizza dough.
13 Pizzeria Menu Trends from the Pizza Industry Trends Report
Executive Editor Denise Greer outlines Pizzeria Menu Trends from the Pizza Industry Trends Report. Explore Pizza and Pizza Toppings Trends, popular entrees, hot appetizers, alternative pizza crusts.
Explore 13 Pizzeria Menu Trends from the Pizza Industry Trends Report.
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
.
Pizzeria Marketing Trends 2024
Marketing trends in many markets fluctuate depending on what’s hot a particular year. The pizza industry takes a steadier approach to marketing. We do not see huge changes from year to year. But there are several indicators that are showing changes from last year.
First, let’s examine budgets. More pizzerias are devoting at least 1% of their overall budget to marketing at 87%, up 4% over last year. Approximately 42 percent dedicating one to two percent, and 28 percent of our survey respondents budgeting three to four percent.
2024 Restaurant Marketing Trends to Watch
We’ve scoured dozens and dozens of 2024 marketing trend predictions to give you a look at what’s hot and what’s relevant to pizzerias. Check out 10 marketing trends to watch in 2024:
Online ordering is more valuable than just order taking. It is a marketing tool to increase check averages and frequency.
A strong social presence will dominate campaigns. Restaurants will continue to pour energies and budgets towards social strategies with an emphasis on short-form video, influencer campaigns and social commerce.
AI has hit the small-business markets. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are being used to optimize the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.
Customer data is ever more vital to growth. Use customer data more personally, as well as protect that data.
Cause marketing never goes out of style. Hone in on the organizations that are important to you and fit your overall brand.
Go hyper local with your social influencer and media campaigns. While everyone loves national exposure, go after local for a high return.
Voice Search taps into your search engine optimization (SEO) ranking when users prompt “Hey, Siri”, “Hey Alexa” or “Hey Google” with local pizza questions.
Claiming and interacting with Review Sites will be critical to your online presence.
Giving customers free WiFi access allows you to capture customer data.
Optimize or upgrade those loyalty programs. A good loyalty program will have a huge ROI.
Where are pizzerias putting their advertising dollars?
In our extensive survey, we asked operators where they are devoting their advertising budgets. Here is a look at that breakdown:
Social Media 78.21% In Store 56.82% E-mail 38.49% Community/Sports Events 27.49% Flyer 21.38% Direct Mail 20.98% Text 20.37% We do not advertise — just word of mouth 16.70% Newspaper 15.89% Radio 15.68% Search Ads 12.83% Online Video 12.42% Magazines 10.18% Billboards 9.37% Geofencing 7.74% TV 6.92% Door Hanger 6.92%
Pizzeria Social Media Trends 2024
Over 93 percent of American pizzerias promote their businesses through Facebook, followed by Instagram (71%). X (24%) and TikTok (20%). Facebook and TikTok are up 5% from last year. When asked which social channel provides the best ROI, Facebook led at 67 percent and Instagram followed at 26 percent.
Takeaways from social movers and shakers 20024:
Facebook still dominates the pizza industry’s social space.
Instagram and X formerly Twitter have steady usage in the industry.
Both TikTok and YouTube are on the rise.
Recently launched Threads has almost zero presence in the industry.
.
Pizza Restaurant Technology Trends — Tech Nation
Technology is driving development in pizzerias like never before. We asked pizzeria owners “Which of the following new technology and equipment did you invest in over the past 12 months?” Here were the answers:
Point of Sale Systems — 35.85%
Online Ordering Technology — 24.91%
Contactless Payment — 15.47%
Phone Systems — 15.09%
Loyalty Systems — 14.34%
Ordering Apps — 9.81%
Tablets for Servers — 7.92%
Digital Menu Boards — 7.17%
Text Ordering 4.91%
Order Kiosks — 2.64%
Artificial Intelligence Voice or Chat — 2.26%
A whopping 36.23 percent said they did not invest in any new tech equipment in the past year.
.
Pizzeria Equipment Buying Trends — Equipment Breakdown
What about general restaurant equipment? We asked our respondents “What equipment do you plan to purchase in the next 12 months?” Here were the results:
Refrigeration: 46.83%
Oven: 35.71%
Prep Tables: 29.37%
Freezers: 23.8%
Ice Machines 19.05%
Fryers: 18.25%
Mixers: 15.87%
Dishwashers: 15.08%
Food Holding/Warming Equipment: 10.32%
Dividers: 9.52%
Rounders: 5.56%
Display Cabinets: 8.79%
Press or Sheeters: 8.73%
Cheese Shredders: 8.71%
That’s good news for equipment and supplies manufacturers who are counting on pizzerias to buy in the next year. It should make for a busy Pizza Expo 2024!
2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report Sponsors:
.
Pizzeria Industry 2024 Outlook: A Look Forward
As we move into a new year, some of the same concerns will remain paramount in the pizzeria market. In the coming year, operators will need to control costs as much as possible, add/increase revenue sources to offset higher labor and operating costs, raise prices when it makes sense and apply new approaches to find and retain employees.
Optimism is abound when it comes to sales growth, nearly 65 percent of operators surveyed expect their gross annual sales to be up in the next 12 months with 44 percent of respondents expecting sales to be up by 5% or more. With costs food, labor and operating costs continuing to climb, operators are less optimistic about their profit margins with over 53 percent of Independent respondents expecting profit margins to be flat or down.
Business Priorities
We asked operators to select their top three business concerns for the coming year. The top three align with last year’s priorities and include:
Grow sales
Maintain current business
Add employees
There is a big shift in the top six priorities with adding revenue streams moved up in priorities and community involvement entering the top six priorities. They are:
Add new revenue stream(s)
Sustainability
More community involvement
Eyes on Adding Units
As we analyze the independent market, some operators are looking to expand. Over 30% of independent operators surveyed look to add at least one new unit to their business in the coming year.
Renovations on the Horizon
A major cost for pizza operations are renovations. According to our survey, 41% of operations last renovated their business before the pandemic or never. Nearly 34% of independent operators indicated they plan to renovate their business in the next 24 months. The top six areas where they plan to focus their efforts are:
Paint
Décor
New flooring
New furnishing
Lighting
Kitchen/Back of House Configuration
2024 Looks Cautiously Optimistic
When we asked our independent pizzeria operators how they would describe the outlook of the pizzeria industry over the next 12-18 months, we see over a majority were optimistic at 66%.
The 2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report has revealed what’s happening in America’s pizzerias. Use our findings to identify areas to grow and improve your pizza business. The report delved into specific trends for independent pizzeria operators, highlighting their focus on cost savings, customer satisfaction, and menu innovation. Additionally, regional variations in pizza styles and toppings are explored, providing insights into the diverse preferences across different parts of the United States. Examine these key findings to explore your menu and strategies in the coming year.
About the Survey
From August 2023 through mid-September 2023, Pizza Today conducted an extensive survey of its readership with over 60 questions, taking participants between eight to 10 minutes to completed. The survey included pizzeria profile questions and was divided into various topics impacting American pizzerias. 748 operators participated in the survey. Of those respondents, 606 were independent pizzeria operators with nine or fewer locations. Respondents represented pizzerias across the United States.
The 2024 Pizza Industry Trends Report was produced by Pizza Today with analysis and coordination by Executive Editor Denise Greer and Editor In Chief Jeremy White. Layout, Photography and Art coordination by Senior Art Director Josh Keown.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 44
|
https://mypizzacorner.com/pizza-tips/is-neapolitan-pizza-healthy/
|
en
|
Is neapolitan pizza healthy?
|
[
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/mypizzacorner-logo.png",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/neapolitan-margherita-mozzarella.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/neapolitan-pizza-uncooked.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/large-flour-back.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dough-scales.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/san-marzano-tomatoes.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/seasoning-tomato-sauce.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/pizza-sauce-pepper.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IMG_20190905_215951-1024x768.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/fresh-yeast-cheese-pizza.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/mozzarella-chopping.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/margherita-with-parmesan.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/pepperoni-takeaway-pizza.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-oven-fire.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/pizza-cossaca-close.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pizza-modest-cheese.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/pizza-slice-single.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/parmesan-pizza.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/hand-mixed-pizza.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dough-in-box.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/marinara.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/marinara-slice.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/neapolitan-pizza-unsliced.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/eating-pizza-slice.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-oven-fire.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wood-fired-w-logo.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/karu-peel.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/karu-16-wide.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/karu-16.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d78126f18f7f869b105f96111841b81f?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/75d7e4dbf52005cdb7fc299b2d39cd39?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-outside.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/405a971e253fa9aa310e1e3db2954d02?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/75d7e4dbf52005cdb7fc299b2d39cd39?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2430904&u=2652330&m=82053&urllink=&afftrack=",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6105454489104337788b441beb35920d?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/75d7e4dbf52005cdb7fc299b2d39cd39?s=32&d=mm&r=g",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-outside.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ham-pizza-small-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/cleaning-with-brush-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/fried-pizza-parmesan-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/focaccia-pizza-slice-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/bolognese-pizza-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/wrapped-dough-balls-aspect-ratio-600-500.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/eating-pizza-slice.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-oven-fire.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wood-fired-w-logo.jpg",
"https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2430904&u=2652330&m=82053&urllink=&afftrack=",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/mypizzacorner-logo-white.png",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-oven-fire.jpg",
"https://mypizzacorner.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pizza-oven-fire.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2020-09-10T19:45:49+00:00
|
Most pizza gets branded as extremely unhealthy but Neapolitan pizza is different. It isn’t really thick and loaded with heaps of cheese and piles of fatty meat. So compared to the average takeaway pizza, then yes, Neapolitan pizza is healthy. Very healthy.
|
en
|
MyPizzaCorner.com
|
https://mypizzacorner.com/pizza-tips/is-neapolitan-pizza-healthy/
|
Most pizza gets branded as extremely unhealthy but Neapolitan wood fired pizza is different. It isn’t really thick and loaded with heaps of cheese and piles of fatty meat.
So compared to the average takeaway pizza, then yes, Neapolitan pizza is healthy.
In addition, there are types of Neapolitan pizza which are much healthier than others. Pizza Marinara, for example, contains no cheese. This is without doubt the healthiest pizza around! It is also one of the 2 most traditional Neapolitan pizzas, the other being the Pizza Margherita.
It’s all well and good debating this with myself but I think we need hard facts. To know for sure how healthy Neapolitan pizza is, we need to break it all down. So that’s what I’m going to do in this article!
Nutritional value in Neapolitan pizza
I’m going to calculate nutritional value in pizza by breaking down the pizza into 3 basic parts:
Pizza dough
Pizza Sauce
Pizza Toppings
By breaking the pizza down in this way, I can calculate the nutritional value in each part. Then I will combine them together to figure out the nutritional value in a range of Neapolitan pizzas.
I realise there are many other important nutritional values such as carbohydrates, fat, protein, salt, and vitamins among many others.
But I think in general most people consider the calorie count to be the most important nutritional value. After all, if we consume more calories than we burn, we put on weight. And vice-versa.
I will therefore focus on the calorie count as much as possible when trying to determine the nutritional value in Neapolitan pizza.
Calories in Neapolitan pizza dough
The dough used for every Neapolitan pizza is generally the same. Once we have calculated the calories in the dough, we can reuse the value for every type of Neapolitan pizza.
Calculating the calories in the dough is not easy though. This is because most flours don’t have nutritional values on the packet. In addition, all flours vary in their nutritional values.
Because of this, I took the average of a few different flours that I could find the values for. Each flour I used was a 00 flour, as this is typically the type used for Neapolitan pizza.
Table showing number of calories in Neapolitan pizza dough
The table below shows the calories and carbohydrates found in the different flours:
The sources (with links) I used are listed below:
DeLallo Tipo “00” Organic 100% Italian Superfine Flour
Molini Pizzuti
King Arthur Neapolitan-Style 00
It is also worth noting that the average protein in these flours was 10g.
Taking an average of these values, we can see that there are about 350 calories in 100g of 00 flour.
The average carbs in 100g of 00 flour is 70g.
Calculating the calories in 1 Neapolitan dough ball
Now we need to calculate the amount of calories in a serving of Neapolitan pizza dough. I have classed a serving as a whole 10 inch pizza, which weighs around 250g.
First, we need to calculate how much flour is in this size portion, since there is also a lot of water in pizza dough. For Neapolitan pizza, a dough ball typically contains around 60% flour and 40% water.
(And of course there’s no calories in water!)
Therefore, in a 10 inch pizza there is about 150g of flour (60% of 250g).
In conclusion, there are on average 525 calories in Neapolitan pizza dough.
Calories in Neapolitan pizza sauce
Typically, the same sauce is used for every type of Neapolitan pizza. Once we have calculated the nutritional value in pizza sauce, we can use this value for every type of Neapolitan pizza.
San Marzano tomatoes are traditionally used for Neapolitan pizza. Following on from the pizza dough, I also took the average of 3 different brands of tomatoes which I could find the values for.
Table showing calories in San Marzano tomatoes
The table below shows my findings:
The sources (with links) I used are listed below:
Cento
Strianese
DeLallo
So on average, there are about 20 calories in 100g San Marzano tomatoes.
In a classic Neapolitan pizza sauce, the tomatoes are simply seasoned with salt and pepper after being crushed or blended. Because there are no additions, the nutritional value of the sauce is the same as the tomatoes themselves.
Calculating the calories in a serving of Neapolitan pizza sauce
We now just need to figure out how much sauce is used on a Neapolitan pizza. Typically, 2-3 tablespoons of sauce are used to top the pizza. Or on average, 2.5 tablespoons.
I found that 2.5 tablespoons equates to about 14.5g. Therefore, the amount of sauce used to top a pizza is about 26g (14.5 multiplied by 2.5).
In conclusion, there is an average of 5 calories in the tomato sauce on a Neapolitan pizza. That’s right, just 5 calories!
Marinara pizza calories
The healthiest pizza has to be the Marinara. The only toppings are tomato sauce, garlic, oregano, and olive oil. With no meat or dairy products at all, the Marinara is a delicious vegan pizza!
(And no, this is not a seafood pizza! Check out my article on classic Neapolitan pizzas here and find out why this is a myth.)
Calories in Marinara pizza toppings
We have already determined that there are about 525 calories in a 10 inch pizza dough and just 5 calories in the tomato sauce. Now we just need to know how many calories are in the garlic, the oregano and the olive oil. Then we will know for sure how many calories are in a pizza Marinara.
According to the USDA, there are roughly just 4.5 calories in a clove of garlic. A Neapolitan marinara pizza typically has about 2 cloves of garlic on it. Rounding up a bit, the garlic on a Marinara pizza contributes on average 10 calories.
The amount of calories in a handful of oregano is negligible (basically 0). So we just need to find out how many calories are in a tablespoon of olive oil (generous drizzle).
According to the results of a survey published on the USDA website, there are about 120 calories in a tablespoon of olive oil. Wow, that’s quite a lot! You can’t really have a Neapolitan pizza without it though!
Table showing a breakdown of Marinara pizza calories
I have compiled a table below showing the calories in the calorie breakdown of a Neapolitan Marinara pizza:
In conclusion, we can see that there are just 640 calories in a Neapolitan pizza Marinara.
That has actually surprised me. I might have to eat Marinara pizza more often!
Calories in Neapolitan Margherita pizza
Now for the one that everyone wants to know! How many calories in a whole Neapolitan Margherita pizza?
In a classic Margherita there are the following ingredients: dough, tomato sauce, mozzarella, basil, and olive oil. With no meat, the classic Margherita is a delicious vegetarian pizza.
We now know how many calories are in most of these ingredients. And a handful of basil has a negligible amount of calories in it, just like oregano.
Calories in mozzarella on pizza
So we just need to know how many calories are in mozzarella now. Being cheese, I feel this is where the calories are going to add up!
Fortunately though, a Neapolitan Margerita pizza typically uses only a modest amount of mozzarella, about 100g.
According to a survey published on the USDA website, there are around 300 calories in 100g of Mozzarella.
Wow, that has surprised me! That’s a lot of calories right there! That’s almost as many calories as there are in the dough.
Table showing the calories in Neapolitan Margherita pizza
The table below shows a breakdown of the calories in a Neapolitan pizza Margherita:
In conclusion, we can see that there are around 930 calories in a Neapolitan Margherita pizza.
It is worth noting here that some people (myself included) choose to add some grated parmesan to a Margherita for extra flavour. According to the USDA, adding 1-2 tablespoons of grated parmesan could add roughly 25-50 calories to your pizza.
Therefore, a Neapolitan Margherita pizza with both Mozzarella and Parmesan contains just under 980 calories.
Neapolitan pepperoni pizza calories
Pepperoni pizza is strictly speaking not a traditional Neapolitan pizza. However, pepperoni and other similar types of salami are often used on Neapolitan style pizzas.
So let’s find out how many calories are in Neapolitan pepperoni pizza!
We have calculated everything we need to know really apart from the pepperoni itself.
Calculating calories in pepperoni
Of course, different brands of pepperoni will vary in their calorie content so I’ve compiled a table below. The table shows the calories in 3 different brands of pepperoni:
The sources (with links to USDA) I used are listed below:
Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp.
Swift-Eckrich Inc.
The Hillshire Brands Company
From the table, we can see that the average number of calories in 100g of pepperoni is around 465.
I’m going to estimate that there are about 7 slices of pepperoni on a 10 inch Neapolitan pizza. I think this is reasonable, it equates to more than 1 slice of pepperoni per slice of pizza. 7 slices weigh roughly 13g.
Using this, we can deduce that the pepperoni on a pizza contributes around 60 calories (13% of 465).
Table showing calories in Neapolitan pepperoni pizza
We can now calculate the Neapolitan pepperoni pizza calories.
The table below shows a breakdown of the calories in a pepperoni Neapolitan pizza:
From the table above, we can see that on average a Neapolitan pepperoni pizza contains 990 calories.
Pizza Cosacca calories
Pizza cosacca is a little known Neapolitan pizza which I though was worth mentioning as a healthier alternative to a Margherita. This pizza is a bit like a cross between a Margherita and a Marinara.
The Cosacca pizza is basically just a Margherita but with parmesan instead of mozzarella. The toppings consists of: tomato sauce, parmesan, basil, and olive oil.
Many people actually refer to this as a parmesan pizza. But to me Cosacca sounds a bit more fancy! And there is a nice backstory to it which I explain in this article.
Whilst this pizza does contain cheese, it’s worth noting that it is still a vegetarian pizza.
Table showing the calories in a Cosacca pizza
If we assume a generous 2 tablespoons of parmesan than the breakdown of calories in the Neapolitan Cosacca looks like this:
As we can see from the table above, a Neapolitan pizza Cosacca contains around 680 calories.
For those who are seeking a healthy Neapolitan pizza and are not vegan, this is a great option. The Cosacca is a relatively low calorie pizza, which is why I felt it was worth mentioning. It’s a delicious pizza too!
Calories in 10 inch Neapolitan pizza
In general, the number of calories in 10 inch Neapolitan pizza range from around 640 calories to 990 calories. This is a wide range but of course the number of calories will depend on the toppings on the pizza.
A 10 inch Margherita Neapolitan pizza contains around 930 calories.
The pizza Marinara offers the lowest amount of calories in a 10 inch Neapolitan pizza, coming in at 640 calories.
The Neapolitan pepperoni pizza contains the highest amount of calories in a 10 inch pizza, coming in at 990 calories.
Table showing the calories in a 10 inch Neapolitan pizza
The table below shows the number of calories in various 10 inch Neapolitan pizzas for easy reference:
I think it’s safe to say that Neapolitan pizza won’t win any awards for it’s healthiness. However, Neapolitan pizza is nowhere near as unhealthy as takeaway pizza.
In addition, if you limit the amount of cheese and meat on the pizza then Neapolitan pizza is not actually that high in calories.
For those that are trying to limit their calorie intake, the Marinara pizza is the perfect option. Don’t be fooled by the lack of cheese, this Neapolitan pizza is still a thing of beauty!
Calories in 1 slice of Neapolitan pizza
If you’re planning on sharing then it’s definitely worth knowing how many calories are in 1 slice of Neapolitan pizza.
A 10 inch pizza is typically divided into 6 slices. We can easily find out the calories in 1 slice by diving the calories in a whole pizza by 6.
The table below shows the calories in 1 slice of Neapolitan pizza for easy reference:
Obviously the number of calories depends massively on the toppings on the pizza. But on average there are around 142 calories in 1 slice of Neapolitan pizza.
Calories in a parmesan pizza slice
Obviously the size of the pizza and the size of the slice varies massively. But the average Neapolitan pizza is around 10 inches in size.
Since there are typically 6 slices in a 10 inch pizza, we can divide the total number of calories in a parmesan pizza by 6.
Doing this shows us that there are around 113 calories in a parmesan pizza slice. Not bad!
You can also add a bit of garlic to that pizza and you’ll only add another 5 calories! Ahhh I love garlic!
Carbs in Neapolitan pizza
Neapolitan pizza tends to be surprisingly reasonable in it’s calorie count. But if there’s one area where it lets itself down, it’s in the number of carbs. Being essentially bread with toppings, the carbs in Neapolitan pizza are quite high.
Although I mainly focused on the calorie count in this article, I have made note of the carbs. For people trying to limit their carbs or those on a low carb diet, the carbs in Neapolitan pizza is going to be very important.
Table showing carbs in Neapolitan pizza
The table below shows the breakdown in the number of carbs in a Neapolitan Margherita pizza:
After doing a quick calculation based on the amount of flour in a pizza (150g), there are around 108g of carbs in a Neapolitan Margherita pizza.
As we can see, essentially all the carbs come from the dough. Unfortunately, there isn’t really a way to limit the carbs in Neapolitan pizza. Other than by eating less! Boooo!
At least if you are having Neapolitan pizza whilst on a low carb diet you can eat the cheese! Since there are very few carbs in cheese.
Carbs in other types of Neapolitan pizza
Carbs in most types of Neapolitan pizza are going to be similar. The toppings contain such a small fraction of the carbs compared to the dough.
Even pepperoni contains very few carbs. 7 slices of pepperoni, the amount used on a pizza, averages just 3.5g of carbs. So even if you have quite a lot of cheese and meat on your pizza, it wouldn’t push the carbohydrates up too much.
It’s safe to say that the maximum carbs in Neapolitan pizza sits at around 115g. That’s including all types of Neapolitan pizza, even those with meat and cheese on.
Which pizza has the lowest calories?
The pizza with the lowest calories is the Marinara pizza, with just 640 calories for a 10 inch pizza. Common to contrary belief, the Marinara doesn’t have any seafood on it. It doesn’t contain any meat or cheese either. The toppings consists of tomato sauce, garlic, oregano, and olive oil.
The pizza got it’s name as it was served to the sailors in Naples, the birthplace of pizza. This was due to the low cost of the toppings. That’s another benefit to this pizza!
The Marinara is right up there with the Margherita when it comes to traditional Italian pizzas. It may be a simple pizza but don’t let this fool you! With just a few toppings, the quality of each ingredient is allowed to shine.
And, if you don’t mind a little cheese, you can add some grated parmesan and swap the oregano for basil. Then you would have a pizza Cosacca, which is also delicious and only 700 calories!
Which pizza is the healthiest?
Again, this has to go the pizza Marinara, undoubtable the healthiest pizza of them all. Not only does it come in at just 640 calories for a 10 inch pizza, but it also doen’t contain any cheese or meat either, making this a vegan pizza. For Neapolitan pizza lovers that are health conscious, the Marinara is the way to go!
Also, this may suprise many people but it’s absolutely delicious! I’ve made this pizza for cheese and meat lovers, and they may turn their nose up at first, but it always goes down a hit when they try it!
The more subtle flavours of the toppings help the flavours and texture dough to shine. The Marinara is one of the classic Neapolitan pizzas for a reason. It’s a thing of beauty!
Final thoughts – Is Neapolitan pizza actually healthy?
I think it’s clear from the research I did in this article that no two pizzas are the same. The healthiness of a pizza depends largely on its toppings.
Of course, no pizza is so healthy that you want want to eat it all the time. But eaten as a treat, it really isn’t as bad as most people think.
If you’re trying to keep your calorie count down then you still have options. You can treat yourself to a Marina or a Cosacca pizza and consume less than 700 calories.
Also, if you eat less than a full pizza and/or avoid olive oil, you could easily eat less than 500 calories!
In my personal, unprofessional opinion, Neapolitan pizza eaten once a week is fine. In my view, it’s certainly good for your mental health. It tastes incredible!
So next time you’re tucking into a delicious Neapolitan pizza, don’t feel guilty. It doesn’t contain as many calories as you thought! (Or I thought!)
Now let’s get making pizza!
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 13
|
https://www.franchising.com/news/20170331_pizza_73_opens_three_new_locations_in_alberta.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Opens Three New Locations In Alberta
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=544643122630186&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.franchising.com/track/p_pizza73_63424_pvfr.gif",
"https://img.franchising.com/da/inline-rectangle/3620_mcalistersdeli.gif",
"https://img.franchising.com/da/half-page/3620_mcalistersdeli.jpg",
"https://www.franchising.com/images/logos/fum-150x113.png",
"https://www.franchising.com/images/ifa.png",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=6660977&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Alberta",
"franchise",
"opportunity",
"business",
"franchising",
"pizza 73",
"food",
"pizza",
"take n bake",
"take-out",
"delivery",
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza 73, Western Canada’s leading pizza chain, continues to expand in Alberta with the recent opening of two new stores in the Calgary area.
|
/icon-highres.png
|
Franchising.com
|
https://www.franchising.com/news/20170331_pizza_73_opens_three_new_locations_in_alberta.html
|
Home:
News:
Pizza 73:
Pizza 73 Opens Three New Locations In Alberta
March 31, 2017 // Franchising.com // CALGARY, AB - Pizza 73, Western Canada’s leading pizza chain, continues to expand in Alberta with the recent opening of two new stores in the Calgary area. The new store openings follow the opening of the chain’s first Cold Lake, Alberta location, which opened its doors November 14. The milestone openings bring the company’s total store count to 78.
While the Calgary locations at 5305 Country Hills Boulevard NE and 1340 7 Mahogany Plaza SE follow Pizza 73’s traditional store format, the Cold Lake location is situated inside of an Esso station at 2550 16 Avenue, offering the hot and fresh menu items that the pizza chain is known for.
“Our roots are in Alberta and we are thrilled to be opening more locations in the province,” said Pat Finelli, Chief Marketing Officer for Pizza 73. “Albertans love their pizza and chicken wings, and these new locations will help us continue to be the number one brand in Alberta.”
Pizza 73’s diverse menu includes over 16 varieties of specialty pizzas, more than 20 toppings, three styles of pizza crust options, chicken wings, jalapeno poppers, curly fries, onion rings, and many more side items. The chain has also evolved its menu to include newer innovations like gluten-free pizzas, gluten-free boneless wings and, in recent weeks, launched oven-baked pastas.
The stores offer convenient take-out and delivery options. Customers can also place their orders by phone, through Pizza 73’s iPhone app or online at www.Pizza73.com.
To learn more about Joint Venture Partnership opportunities with Pizza 73, visit www.pizza73.com/Pizza73/Joint-Ventures.
About Pizza 73
Established in 1985, Pizza 73 aims to satisfy every customer by providing excellent quality food and true value in a fast and friendly manner. The company is a leader in the communities it serves and offers a broad range of menu items with 20 varieties of specialty pizzas, over 20 different toppings and four styles of crust (traditional pan, super pan, whole grain and gluten-free), and an assortment fresh side dishes including chicken wings, boneless wings, wedgies, dipping sauces and salads. Visit www.pizza73.com for more information.
SOURCE Pizza 73
###
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 9
|
https://www.foodincanada.com/food-business/pizza-73-opens-new-40000-sq-ft-hq-in-edmonton-140131/
|
en
|
Pizza 73 opens new 40,000 sq. ft. HQ in Edmonton - Food In Canada
|
[
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Pizza-73-HQ-630x421.jpeg",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/fic-de-sidebar.jpg",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/agrifood-jobsite.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.annexbusinessmedia.com/images/Funded-Logo.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/close.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Food in Canada"
] |
2018-08-09T09:14:22-04:00
|
EDMONTON—Pizza 73, a leading pizza chain in Western Canada, opened the doors to a brand new 40,000 square foot headquarters in Edmonton in June 2018.
|
en
|
Food In Canada
|
https://www.foodincanada.com/food-business/pizza-73-opens-new-40000-sq-ft-hq-in-edmonton-140131/
|
EDMONTON—Pizza 73, a leading pizza chain in Western Canada, opened the doors to a brand new 40,000 square foot headquarters in Edmonton in June 2018.
Thirty-three years after the pizza delivery chain opened the doors to its first pizza store in Edmonton, and now with 86 stores operating under the brand, Pizza 73’s recent expansion sparked the need for the brand new, larger facility.
The new head office will be home base to their Distribution Centre, Customer Service, Call Centre and Administrative teams. The company is hiring several key functions and is expected to staff approximately 100 employees by October 2018, approximately 20 per cent more than currently employed.
Pizza 73 is committed to sustainability and baked those values into the new facility via 100 per cent LED lighting, occupancy sensors, high efficient boilers, roof top units, and high efficient insulated roof and panels.
“Pizza 73’s new headquarters is an important investment for today and tomorrow as we grow and innovate Pizza 73 and Western Canada,” says Pizza 73 senior vice-president of operations and development Philip Goudreau. “It will help with efficiencies for our team and suppliers to allow us to enhance the customer experience.”
He adds: “Pizza 73 is a proud Canadian brand with deep roots in Western Canada. We now employ over 1,800 people across Saskatchewan, Alberta, BC and Yukon between restaurant staff, delivery drivers, commissary, call centre, and administrative team members, and we’re looking forward to continued growth.”
Pizza 73 further tapped into the local talent by contracting Alberta-based Cormode and Dickson, along with Edmonton-based architectural firm, BR2. Construction began in early 2016 and officially opened in the summer of 2018.
The facility will service the leading Western Canadian pizza chain’s locations throughout Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon. The facility is located at 13703, 164 Street NW, Edmonton.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 46
|
https://www.academia.edu/31062329/Increasing_the_Effectiveness_of_Benchmarking_in_the_Restaurant_Industry
|
en
|
Increasing the Effectiveness of Benchmarking in the Restaurant Industry
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
[
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51496583/mini_magick20190125-22652-ekwmes.png?1548426291",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/956114/15476456/19545413/s65_edward.vieira_jr..jpg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Edward T Vieira, Jr",
"simmons.academia.edu",
"Edward T Vieira"
] |
2017-01-24T00:00:00
|
Benchmarking has been shown to be an important activity in almost every industry. Benchmarking allows for measurable processes, systems and results to be compared (benchmarked) against those of other organisations. The foodservice industry has a
|
https://www.academia.edu/31062329/Increasing_the_Effectiveness_of_Benchmarking_in_the_Restaurant_Industry
|
Benchmarking has been shown to be an important activity in almost every industry. Benchmarking allows for measurable processes, systems and results to be compared (benchmarked) against those of other organisations. The foodservice industry has a variety of attributes that can be measured and compared. First, though, restaurants should be classified on the basis of attributes such as service level, average check, type of food served, availability of alcohol, and the presence or absence of entertainment, etc. This study discusses the importance of benchmarking and why a reliable classification system is needed to allow effective benchmarking to occur. It then takes an existing and newly developed system and builds on it by adding two important (and differentiating) operational characteristics. Using cluster analysis and these variables as the basis of differentiation, seven groups were discovered. Implications for practitioners and academics are discussed. A comprehensive classification system, quantitatively derived, allows restaurant practitioners and academics to have a clear way to compare and benchmark performance in various foodservice environments. This also allows the large variety of foodservice segments to differentiate between the operational and performance variances that are inherent due to the distinctions mentioned.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 49
|
https://www.osc.ca/en/securities-law/orders-rulings-decisions/pizza-pizza-royalty-income-fund
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Royalty Income Fund
|
[
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/osc-logo-dark-en.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/osc-logo-light-en.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-search-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-hamburger-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/osc-logo-light-en.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/coat-of-arms-white-2023.png",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/osc-logo-light-en.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-close-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-light.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-arrow-dark.svg",
"https://www.osc.ca/themes/custom/osc_glider/images/icon-chevron-left-white.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2011-11-07T12:00:00+00:00
|
Headnote Multilateral Instrument 61-101 Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions -- related party transaction -- the underlying operating entity of an income trust proposes to amend an agreement with a related party -- the amendment is advantageous to the operating entity, the issuer and its unitholders and does not confer any benefit or transfer of value to the related party or its related parties -- relief from the requirement to obtain minority approval of the amendment granted. Applicable Legislative Provisions
|
en
|
/themes/custom/osc_glider/196x196.jpg
|
OSC
|
https://www.osc.ca/en/securities-law/orders-rulings-decisions/pizza-pizza-royalty-income-fund
|
1. The Filer is an unincorporated open-ended limited purpose trust governed under the laws of the Province of Ontario pursuant to an amended and restated declaration of trust dated June 24, 2005, as further amended July 24, 2007. The Filer is a reporting issuer in each province of Canada, and is not in default of securities legislation in any province of Canada.
2. The authorized capital of the Filer consists of an unlimited number of trust units, of which 21,818,392 are issued and outstanding at September 29, 2011. The Filer's units are "affected securities" for the purposes of MI 61-101.
3. Pizza Pizza Royalty Limited Partnership (the Partnership) is a limited partnership governed under the laws of the Province of Ontario pursuant to an amended and restated limited partnership agreement (the Partnership Agreement) dated July 24, 2007, as amended May 19, 2009.
4. The authorized capital of the Partnership consists of one ordinary general partnership unit and an unlimited number of Class A ordinary partnership units, Class B ordinary partnership units, Class C ordinary partnership units, Class D ordinary partnership units, Class A limited partnership units and Class C limited partnership units, of which 4,073,128 Class B ordinary partnership units, 3,000,000 Class C ordinary partnership units, 100,000 Class D ordinary partnership units, one ordinary general partnership unit and 18,310,094 Class A limited partnership units are issued and outstanding at October 26, 2011.
5. The managing general partner of the Partnership, Pizza Pizza GP Inc., is indirectly controlled by the Filer through its wholly-owned subsidiary entity, Pizza Pizza Holdings Trust. Accordingly, each of Pizza Pizza GP Inc. and the Partnership is a subsidiary entity of the Filer for the purposes of MI 61-101.
6. Pizza Pizza Limited (PPL) is a corporation amalgamated under the laws of the Province of Ontario on December 27, 1989. PPL is a related party of the Partnership for the purposes of MI 61-101 because, as a general partner of the Partnership, it is actively engaged in the business of the Partnership, is responsible for, and has authority in, assisting Pizza Pizza GP Inc. in the management of the business and affairs of the Partnership and performs additional specific duties in connection with the business of the Partnership as are delegated to it by Pizza Pizza GP Inc. from time to time pursuant to the Partnership Agreement. PPL also provides consultation and management services to the Partnership as to the operation and management of the Partnership's business, in addition to the assistance provided to Pizza Pizza GP Inc.
7. The Filer completed its initial public offering on July 6, 2005, at which time it acquired from PPL, through the Partnership, certain intellectual property rights used in PPL's "Pizza Pizza" restaurant business. On July 29, 2007, the Fund acquired, through the Partnership, additional intellectual property rights used in PPL's "Pizza 73" restaurant business.
8. In connection with the acquisition of these intellectual property rights, PPL and the Partnership entered into licence and royalty agreements (the Licence and Royalty Agreements) under which PPL may continue to use the intellectual property rights that it sold to the Partnership, in consideration for the payment of a monthly royalty based on the system sales of a defined pool of Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants (the Royalty Pools). PPL was also issued Class B ordinary partnership units and Class D ordinary partnership units of the Partnership as part of the consideration for the intellectual property rights, and it currently holds all the issued and outstanding Class B ordinary partnership units, Class C ordinary partnership units and Class D ordinary partnership units. The Class C ordinary partnership units are not exchangeable for units of the Filer, and are not proposed to be changed in connection with the Amendment.
9. There are two Royalty Pools: one for Pizza Pizza restaurants, and one for Pizza 73 restaurants. For Pizza Pizza restaurants, a royalty equal to 6% of system sales for the restaurants included in the Pizza Pizza Royalty Pool is payable monthly by PPL to the Partnership. For Pizza 73 restaurants, a royalty equal to 9% of system sales for the restaurants included in the Pizza 73 Royalty Pool is payable monthly by PPL to the Partnership.
10. Since the Partnership's royalty income will be greater when there are more restaurants included in the Royalty Pools, and when those restaurants generate greater sales, it was appropriate to develop an incentive for PPL to expand its restaurant chains and to grow sales from those restaurants. This is accomplished through the Class B ordinary partnership units and the Class D ordinary partnership units, and related provisions of the Partnership Agreement.
11. The Class B ordinary partnership units and Class D ordinary partnership units are exchangeable for units of the Filer based on specific rates (the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier, respectively), in accordance with an amended and restated exchange agreement dated July 24, 2007 between the Filer, PPL, and certain other subsidiary entities of the Filer (the Exchange Agreement). Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, PPL receives distributions on the Class B ordinary partnership units and Class D ordinary partnership units based on the number of units of the Filer that it would hold if this exchange right was exercised in full.
12. The Partnership Agreement provides for a process by which the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier will be adjusted, as a result of annual changes in the number of Pizza Pizza or Pizza 73 restaurants included in the respective Royalty Pools.
13. The pool of Pizza Pizza restaurants is adjusted annually on January 1 (the Adjustment Date) to include new Pizza Pizza restaurants opened on or before December 31 of the prior year, and remove any Pizza Pizza restaurants that have been permanently closed during that year. Similarly the pool of Pizza 73 restaurants is adjusted annually on the Adjustment Date to include new Pizza 73 restaurants opened on or before September 1 of the prior year, and remove any Pizza 73 restaurants that have been permanently closed during that year. Where there is a net increase in the system sales generated by the restaurants that are added to and removed from a Royalty Pool as a result of these restaurant openings and closures, the Class B Exchange Multiplier and/or Class D Exchange Multiplier may be adjusted.
14. On the Adjustment Date, the adjustment to the Class B Exchange Multiplier involves first calculating the "Estimated Determined Amount", which is defined as 92.5% of the estimated net system sales added to the Royalty Pool and multiplied by the royalty rate, divided by the prevailing yield of the Filer's units. The Estimated Determined Amount is then multiplied by 80% (as this adjustment is based on an estimate of net additional system sales, the 80% calculation results in a more conservative change to the multiplier), divided by the current market price of the Filer's units, and further divided by the number of Class B ordinary partnership units outstanding. This fraction is added to the Class B Exchange Multiplier from the preceding year (which was 1 on the closing of the Filer's initial public offering; currently it is 1.4996). On the following Adjustment Date, a second adjustment to the Class B Exchange Multiplier is made in the same manner, based on the "Actual Determined Amount", once the system sales for new Pizza Pizza restaurants are known with certainty.
15. On each Adjustment Date, a separate adjustment is made to the Royalty Pool for the Pizza 73 restaurants, calculated in a similar manner as the Class B Exchange Multiplier described above, based on the estimated net additional royalty income generated from the increased Royalty Pool, with a true-up on the following Adjustment Date once the system sales for new Pizza 73 restaurants are known with certainty. At the time the Class D ordinary partnership units were issued, the Class D Exchange Multiplier was zero; currently, it is 15.4543).
16. At the time the Partnership Agreement and the Exchange Agreement were entered into, the Filer and the Partnership were not subject to taxes on their income. Accordingly, the "vend-in" formulas for calculating changes to the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier give credit to PPL for net increases in the Partnership's aggregate royalty income (and, in turn, the Filer's income available for distribution to unitholders) rather than the Partnership's and the Filer's after-tax income.
17. In June 2007, the Federal Government of Canada amended the Income Tax Act (Canada) to impose the specified investment flow-through trust income and distribution tax (the SIFT Tax). The Filer became a taxable entity effective January 1, 2011. As a result of the SIFT Tax, the Filer is required to pay tax on its income at a rate approximately equal to or less than the rate applicable to income earned by a Canadian public corporation. The SIFT Tax reduces the amount of cash available for distribution to the unitholders by the Filer.
18. Under the current terms of the Partnership Agreement, the SIFT Tax will have a negative impact, from the point of view of the Filer, on the economics associated with the adjustments for incentivizing PPL (through changes in the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier), because the formulas do not take account of the tax now payable by the Filer. As a result, PPL's entitlements are effectively over-stated, relative to the after-tax income stream that is available for distribution to the Fund's unitholders.
19. A failure to amend the Partnership Agreement to account for the SIFT Tax would therefore result in PPL receiving an unintended increase in its retained interest in the Filer through the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier and in the distributions it receives from the Partnership (which are based on the number of the units of the Filer that PPL would hold if the exchange right was exercised in full).
20. To address the impact of the SIFT Tax on the adjustment by which new Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants are added to the respective Royalty Pools, PPL, Pizza Pizza Holdings Trust, Pizza Pizza GP Inc. and the Partnership propose to enter into an amending agreement to the Partnership Agreement that will have the effect of amending the entitlements of the Class B ordinary units and the Class D ordinary units (the Amendment). Under the Amendment, the definitions of the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Estimated and Actual Determined Amounts (the Determined Amounts), which are the basis for determining changes to the Class B Exchange Multiplier and the Class D Exchange Multiplier and PPL's additional entitlements to units of the Filer, would be amended to include SIFT Tax as part of the formula to calculate the Determined Amounts.
21. Under the Amendment, the Determined Amounts would be calculated in the same manner as under the current formula, except that the resulting figures would be multiplied by a number equal to (1-Tax%). "Tax%" will be an estimate of the Filer's effective tax rate for the year (determined using the total income taxes paid by the Filer during the fiscal year divided by the total cash received by the Filer during that fiscal year) (i.e., for the Adjustment Date of January 1, 2012, it will be the effective Filer tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2011). This estimate of the effective tax rate will be subject to an adjustment when the actual effective entity level tax rate of the Filer for the year is known.
22. The trustees of the Filer (the Trustees) believe that the Amendment will eliminate the dilutive effect of the SIFT Tax at the Adjustment Date. The Amendment would be effective as of January 2, 2011 and would govern the vend-in of new Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants to the Royalty Pools on January 1, 2012 and each January 1 thereafter.
23. PPL is under no contractual or other legal obligation to enter into the Amendment. However, PPL management has advised the Filer that it believes that an adjustment to the vend-in formula is in the best interest of all parties. If no change is made to the vend-in formula, future additions to the Royalty Pools would be dilutive to current unitholders of the Filer. The Amendment will have no positive or accretive impact on PPL's existing entitlements to distributions from the Partnership or its additional Filer unit entitlements.
24. The Trustees, each of whom is independent of PPL within the meaning of the Legislation, are also the trustees of Pizza Pizza Holdings Trust and constitute a majority of the directors of Pizza Pizza GP Inc. As such, the Trustees are in a position to independently assess the Amendment and whether it is fair to the Filer's unitholders. The Trustees have also determined that the Amendment is not prejudicial to the Filer's unitholders; as such, the Amendment does not need to be submitted to the Filer's unitholders for approval pursuant to the constating documents of any of the Partnership, Pizza Pizza GP Inc., Pizza Pizza Holdings Trust or the Filer.
25. The proposed Amendment is advantageous to the Partnership, the Filer and its unitholders and does not confer any benefit or transfer of value to PPL or any other related party of PPL.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 30
|
https://www.foodincanada.com/food-in-canada/pizza-pizza-profits-take-a-hit-from-covid-19-144990/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza profits take a hit from COVID-19 - Food In Canada
|
[
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Pizza-Pizza.jpg",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/fic-de-sidebar.jpg",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/agrifood-jobsite.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/food-in-canada-website-logo-1.png",
"https://www.annexbusinessmedia.com/images/Funded-Logo.png",
"https://www.foodincanada.com/wp-content/uploads/close.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Food in Canada"
] |
2020-05-14T07:56:31-04:00
|
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. reports that the global crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the restaurant operations at Pizza Pizza Limited for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
|
en
|
Food In Canada
|
https://www.foodincanada.com/food-in-canada/pizza-pizza-profits-take-a-hit-from-covid-19-144990/
|
May 14, 2020, Toronto, Ont. – Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp., which indirectly owns the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, reports that the global crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the restaurant operations at Pizza Pizza Limited for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The company expects the situation to continue with the timing of a recovery uncertain. System-wide sales growth, royalty pool system sales and same store sales were also negatively impacted for the three-month period.
Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 system sales have been negatively impacted as its restaurant operators have taken significant measures in their restaurants to protect the health of employees and consumers in compliance with social-distancing recommendations and requirements of applicable health authorities, including the closure of restaurant seating areas, the company states.
Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 operate traditional and non-traditional restaurants. The royalty pool sales mix includes delivery, pickup, walk-in and non-traditional sales. By brand, Pizza Pizza traditional restaurant sales have historically consisted of approximately 60 per cent delivery and pickup sales and 40 per cent walk-in sales, whereas Pizza 73 traditional restaurant sales have been approximately 90 per cent delivery and pickup sales and 10 per cent walk-in sales.
As a result of government-mandated social distancing policies, the walk-in sales at both brands decreased significantly beginning in mid-March and this trend continued throughout April. However, walk-in sales began modestly improving in May.
During the first quarter, substantially all traditional Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants remained open across Canada, with only 15 locations temporarily closing after the quarter due to the pandemic. However, the majority of non-traditional Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants have closed, with the exception of a few locations in hospitals and gas bars. Normally, non-traditional locations, offering a limited menu and operating, for example, in sporting arenas, outdoor entertainment venues, universities, hospitals, and cinemas, account for nearly 10 per cent of system sales.
The company states that the medium and long-term impact from COVID-19 will depend on consumer behaviour after the economy fully reopens, the financial solutions achieved with government, lenders, franchisees, and landlords, and the macro impact on the overall economy, in particular household debt and levels of disposable income.
For the three months ended March 31, system sales from the 749 restaurants in the royalty pool decreased 6.1 per cent to $125.8 million from $133.9 million in the same quarter last year when there were 772 restaurants in the royalty pool. By brand, sales from the 645 Pizza Pizza restaurants in the royalty pool decreased 5.3 per cent to $105.2 million and the 104 Pizza 73 restaurants decreased 10.1 per cent to $20.6 million for the quarter.
Paul Goddard, CEO, Pizza Pizza Limited said, “Our delivery and pickup sales remain stable and we are actively taking measures to drive increased delivery business. Guided by the needs of our restaurant employees and the communities we serve, we have implemented rigorous additional health and safety measures, including the introduction of contactless delivery and our innovative, tamper-proof pizza box.
“Also, we are seeing our walk-in sales, which decreased significantly in late March and through April, beginning to gradually increase in May. A special thanks to our restaurant owners, employees and delivery drivers for their operational excellence through these unprecedented market conditions.”
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 88
|
https://www.canadacareersite.com/company/Pizza-73-%2528Head-Office-and-Distribution-Centre%2529
|
en
|
Jobs in Canada - Thousands of Vacancies for Skilled Workers
|
[
"https://www.canadacareersite.com/sitesetting_images/thumb/canada-career-site-1668580481-591.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"canadacareersite.com"
] | null |
Jobs in Canada - Thousands of Vacancies. Get a Job and Immigrate to Canada. Jobs and Career Opportunities await you! | Canada Career Site
|
en
|
https://www.canadacareersite.com/favicon.ico
| null |
A confirmation letter has been sent to your Email.
Please confirm your email address to receive the
latest Job Openings in Canada
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 32
|
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/pizza-73-rights
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Rights Definition
|
[
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/law-insider-logotype-white-trademark.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/gpt.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/microsoft-office-word.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/google-chrome-web-store.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/app-store-badge.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/google-play-badge.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Define Pizza 73 Rights. means all intellectual property rights, whether registered or not, including the Pizza 73 Marks and all goodwill associated therewith, all know-how and related technical knowledge and all other proprietary rights pertaining to or used in connection with the Pizza 73 business, including all copyrights, trade names, business names, trade secrets, confidential information, uniform standards, methods, systems and procedures for establishment, construction, design, operation or marketing of Pizza 73 Restaurants using certain types of equipment, supplies, ingredients, recipes, merchandising, advertising and business techniques, together with the rights to order phone numbers and order website domain names that are currently owned by Pizza 73 and used in connection with the operation of Pizza 73 Restaurants, and all copyrights in the operations manuals and similar manuals or documents for the Unit Companies, as amended from time to time, as well as all copyrights in all menus and advertising and promotional materials. For greater certainty, the Pizza 73 Rights do not include the hardware, software, operating technology or other intellectual property used in connection with Pizza 73’s single number ordering system.
|
en
|
/images/touch/apple-icon-60x60.png
|
Law Insider
| null |
In July 2007, the Company, through its interest in the Partnership, acquired the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks from Pizza 73.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks in exchange for PPL paying a 9% royalty on the system sales of all Pizza 73 restaurants included in the Royalty Pool.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales from all Pizza 73 restaurants in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited license to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales from all Pizza 73 restaurants in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
The significant judgments that were used to apply IFRS 10 included assessing which party had the power or current ability to direct decisions over the value creation and maintenance of the Pizza Pizza Rights and Marks and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks in the context of the purpose and design of the Partnership.
The Company has determined that it has one operating segment being the receipt of royalty income from the ownership of the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years, for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales of all Pizza 73 restaurants included in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
PPL operates the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 quick service restaurant systems using the Pizza Pizza Rights and the Pizza 73 Rights as permitted under the Licence and Royalty Agreements.
Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Rights and MarksRights and Marks that have an indefinite life are recorded at cost and are not being amortized.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 71
|
https://issuu.com/digital-innovation/docs/ch_pizzapizza
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza - Delivering Awesome Since 1967: Supply chain strategy and culinary innovation at Pizza
|
[
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/31d186ba39f38e8c4fac.png",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.3042/icons/gradient/icon-canva-gradient.svg",
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/1e794a8c4ec65e549678.png",
"https://photo.isu.pub/digital-innovation/photo_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801081017-6b12ceb1e859b378bba9c451db5f8c1a/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801084241-f28ca379efd2771bdda9228744970d63/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801083828-c2981ded5ba3f5e1bb2de487dfa99724/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801070646-29ad5f5012608c72f66af527e5c7696d/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801082736-8823105add6c707082d01e778fd2353b/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240801082547-7c30aac5be72a1c12bb568df25710702/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.2541/icons/gradient/icon-instagram-gradient.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-01T00:00:00+00:00
|
Marcelo Melo, Vice President of Supply Chain at Pizza Pizza discusses the Canadian company’s transformational journey.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/digital-innovation/docs/ch_pizzapizza
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 24
|
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4a32h0/The-Company-indirectly-through-the-Partnership-owns-the-trademarks-and-trade/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 26
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/pizza-73-opens-first-location-prince-albert-fifth-saskatchewan/
|
en
|
Pizza 73 opens first location in Prince Albert, fifth in Saskatchewan
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/favicon.ico
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/new-twitter-logo.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/simple/facebook.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/simple/linkedin.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/instagram.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/themes/restobiz/images/restobiz-logo.svg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-23-related-posts-plugin/static/thumbs/17.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/9-200x100.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/sunset-g2b7c174d8_1280-200x100.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/wanuskewin1-200x100.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/cf_portal_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/enews_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/resto_award_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/crfn_winter2024.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/restobiz_bytes_enews_footer_.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/twitter.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/facebook.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/linkedin.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/instagram.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/media-edge-logo.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/oiopub-direct/modules/tracker/tracker.php?pids=8|0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"restobiz",
"restaurant news",
"restaurant information",
"running a restaurant",
"canadian restaurant and food service news",
"canadian restaurant news",
"food articles",
"food",
"restaurants",
"drinks",
"menus"
] | null |
[
"Kavita Sabharwal"
] |
2017-11-29T17:01:10+00:00
|
Pizza 73 has opened its first location in Prince Albert, in the South side of town. This is the chain’s fifth location in Saskatchewan and 84th in total.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Restobiz
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/pizza-73-opens-first-location-prince-albert-fifth-saskatchewan/
|
Press release
Pizza 73 has opened its first location in Prince Albert located at 3300 – 2nd Avenue West, in the South side of town. This is the chain’s fifth location in Saskatchewan and 84th in total.
“We’re delighted to be expanding into the heart of Saskatchewan,” says Pat Finelli, Chief Marketing Officer. “We’re looking forward to serving Prince Albertans our broad and diverse menu, especially our delicious pan pizza and golden crispy wings that we’re known for.”
Pizza 73 is a proudly Canadian brand with a long history of service and value to its customers. With its leadership position in Western Canada, Pizza 73 is committed to providing the right balance of flavour, value and choice at all store locations. Consumers in and around the Prince Albert area can expect the complete Pizza 73 menu which includes famously flavourful pizzas, golden crispy chicken wings, widely acclaimed wedgies as well as side options like jalapeno poppers, onion rings and curly fries. The brand also offers gluten-free pizzas and dairy-free cheese. Like all traditional Pizza 73 locations, the new Prince Albert restaurant prepares its dough in-house, made fresh daily, and offers delivery and pick up and a wide range of specials.
As a community-driven brand, Pizza 73 maintains strong ties with the local events scene, amateur and professional sports, charitable groups, schools and other community organizations. The brand is the official pizza of the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, WHL Saskatoon Blades, NLL Saskatoon Rush and Saskatoon Exhibition and has become a regular contributor to the local children’s hospital, Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital Foundation in Saskatoon, through the Pizza 73 Slices for Smiles program.
About Pizza 73
|
||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 73
|
https://hbr.org/2019/03/operational-transparency
|
en
|
Show Your Customers How Hard You’re Working for Them
|
[
"https://hbr.org/resources/css/images/HBR_logo_black.svg",
"https://hbr.org/resources/css/images/cart-icon.png",
"https://hbr.org/resources/css/images/HBR_logo_black.svg",
"https://hbr.org/resources/images/article_assets/2019/01/R1902H_LEWIS.jpg",
"https://hbr.org/resources/css/images/hbr_logo.svg",
"https://hbr.org/resources/images/2018/new_logo_May11.png",
"http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=14457509&cv=2.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ryan W. Buell"
] |
2019-03-01T05:00:00+00:00
|
Conventional wisdom holds that the more contact an operation has with its customers, the less efficiently it will run. But when customers are partitioned away from the operation, they are less likely to fully understand and appreciate the work going on behind the scenes, causing them to place a lower value on the product or service being offered. To address this problem, managers should experiment with operational transparency—the deliberate design of windows into and out of the organization’s operations to help customers understand and appreciate the value being added. Witnessing the hidden work performed on their behalf makes customers more satisfied, more willing to pay, and more loyal. It can also make employees more satisfied by demonstrating to them that they are serving their customers well. However, managers should be aware of certain conditions in which transparency can backfire.
|
/resources/images/favicon.ico
|
Harvard Business Review
|
https://hbr.org/2019/03/operational-transparency
|
The Dilemma
Conventional wisdom holds that the more contact an operation has with its customers, the less efficiently it will run. But when customers are partitioned away from the operation, they are less likely to fully understand and appreciate the work going on behind the scenes, thereby placing a lower value on the product or service being offered.
The Solution
Managers should experiment with operational transparency—the deliberate design of windows into and out of the organization’s operations to help customers understand and appreciate the value being added.
The Benefits
Witnessing the hidden work performed on their behalf makes customers more satisfied, more willing to pay, and more loyal. It can also make employees more satisfied by demonstrating to them that they are serving their customers well. However, managers should be aware of certain conditions in which transparency can backfire.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 48
|
https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/pda/food-safety/limited-food-establishment-.html
|
en
|
Limited Food Establishment
|
https://www.pa.gov/etc.clientlibs/copapwp/clientlibs/clientlib-site/resources/images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.pa.gov/etc.clientlibs/copapwp/clientlibs/clientlib-site/resources/images/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/global/images/bannerimage.png",
"https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/global/images/CoPA%20Logo%20-%20Horizontal%20Lockup%201.svg",
"https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/global/images/CoPA%20Logo%20-%20Horizontal%20Lockup%201.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/etc.clientlibs/copapwp/clientlibs/clientlib-site/resources/images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/pda/food-safety/limited-food-establishment-.html
|
The Department permits some food processing in home kitchens that don't meet all regulations, aiming to sell these foods. Such processors follow The Food Safety Act and its federal rules, found in Title 21 of the CFR. For access, visit www.ecfr.gov. If selling directly to consumers, they might also need to follow the PA Food Code.
In this program, we refer to 'limited food processors' or 'residential-style kitchens' as any kitchen meant for home use, regardless of location.
Typically, these kitchens can only make non-hazardous foods. Hazardous foods need strict temperature control and can only be made in commercial kitchens that meet full regulations. These kitchens must be separate from home areas and have the right plumbing. However, making hazardous foods at home isn't entirely banned. It just requires a second commercial kitchen that meets all standards.
Given the restrictions and possible testing for home kitchens, close monitoring is essential. Businesses aiming to sell across state lines might also need FDA registration. More details are in the Application Packet.
How to Apply:
Limited Food Processors: Anyone wishing to prepare food from home or home style kitchen
Download and/or print, the Application Packet – Limited Food Establishment under FORMS on the right-hand side of this page.
All material must be submitted at least 60 days prior to operating. Failure to provide all required information can delay and/or deny your plan review. Email is the preferred method of plan review submission.
Email your completed application and requested documentation or mail / fax to:
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Food Safety and Laboratory Services
Attn: Plan Review
2301 N. Cameron St, Room 112
Harrisburg, PA 17110
Fax: 717-787-1873
Do not send money with this application
Allow 4-6 weeks for processing
If Approved:
You will receive an approval letter via email.
An inspector will schedule an on-site inspection of the facility
Upon a compliant inspection, your registration fee will be collected, and a Food Establishment Registration issued
If not Approved:
You will be sent a letter describing why the plans were not approved. Applicants are encouraged to re-submit the plans again with the corrected or requested information.
If inspection is not passed:
You will be provided with an inspection report stating your deficiencies. When deficiencies are corrected, you can contact your inspector to request another inspection.
Renewal of Licenses – Renewal of licenses occurs annually with notification to proprietors approximately 45 days prior to the current expiration date. Renewals can also be processed online with a user account and unique business code. You can look up your facility's business ID code on the public facility search page to proceed with online renewal.
Lost/Duplicate License – Contact the department at 717-787-4315.
Fees
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 51
|
https://huddle.today/2022/11/18/pizza-pizza-to-add-three-saint-john-area-locations-by-mid-2023/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza To Add Three Saint John
|
[
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Huddle-Archives.png",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Lansdowne2-1024x768-1024x585.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_20230724_142700868_HDR-min-scaled-e1690298811120-1-1024x576-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/wicked-1024x700-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Loyal2LocalChallenge-Credit-Union-Employees-e1690212202876-1024x576-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/huddle.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alex Graham"
] |
2022-11-18T00:00:00
|
One will open as early as mid-December.
|
en
|
Huddle.Today
|
https://huddle.today/2022/11/18/pizza-pizza-to-add-three-saint-john-area-locations-by-mid-2023/
|
Reading Time: 2 minutes
SAINT JOHN — Pizza Pizza is setting up shop in Saint John and Quispamsis this December and has its eye on a third location in the McAllister Drive area for the summer of 2023.
The Toronto-based restaurant chain with the catchy phone number will be located at 70 Lansdowne Ave in Saint John, with a tentative opening date of December 15, 2022. The Quispamsis location, at 176 Hampton Road, is anticipated to open December 21, 2022.
This is in addition to the Moncton and Dieppe locations of the chain.
“We’re very excited to be coming to Saint John,” says owner Paresh Patel, who recently moved to the area from Halifax. “We’ve been trying to come here for two years but the pandemic got in the way.”
The Saint John restaurant will be located at the former home of the Canadian Red Cross, at Brunswick Plaza. They are looking for employees at the Lansdowne site.
Patel did not provide details about the location of the east end site other than to say it would be proximal to McAllister Place.
The openings come as the chain has made notable forays across Canada as well as into Mexico, with restaurants in that country set to open later this year.
In the past six months the chain has opened 14 new stores across Canada, with eight locations in British Columbia, two in Quebec, one in Ontario, and one each in P.E.I. and Nova Scotia.
The rate of expansion is prolific. For example at the beginning of the pandemic, the chain had about 5 stores in BC, they now have 20.
They were the first adopters of a single number call centre and won a Webby Award for their pizza ordering app in 2011.
The company made an initial public offering in 2005 and also acquired the Pizza 73 chain in Alberta in 2007. The company has over 625 stores, plus 100 Pizza 73 locations, and has been in operation since 1967.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 45
|
https://huddle.today/2022/11/18/pizza-pizza-to-add-three-saint-john-area-locations-by-mid-2023/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza To Add Three Saint John
|
[
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Huddle-Archives.png",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Lansdowne2-1024x768-1024x585.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_20230724_142700868_HDR-min-scaled-e1690298811120-1-1024x576-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/wicked-1024x700-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Loyal2LocalChallenge-Credit-Union-Employees-e1690212202876-1024x576-394x330.jpg",
"https://eadn-wc04-4752213.nxedge.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/huddle.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alex Graham"
] |
2022-11-18T00:00:00
|
One will open as early as mid-December.
|
en
|
Huddle.Today
|
https://huddle.today/2022/11/18/pizza-pizza-to-add-three-saint-john-area-locations-by-mid-2023/
|
Reading Time: 2 minutes
SAINT JOHN — Pizza Pizza is setting up shop in Saint John and Quispamsis this December and has its eye on a third location in the McAllister Drive area for the summer of 2023.
The Toronto-based restaurant chain with the catchy phone number will be located at 70 Lansdowne Ave in Saint John, with a tentative opening date of December 15, 2022. The Quispamsis location, at 176 Hampton Road, is anticipated to open December 21, 2022.
This is in addition to the Moncton and Dieppe locations of the chain.
“We’re very excited to be coming to Saint John,” says owner Paresh Patel, who recently moved to the area from Halifax. “We’ve been trying to come here for two years but the pandemic got in the way.”
The Saint John restaurant will be located at the former home of the Canadian Red Cross, at Brunswick Plaza. They are looking for employees at the Lansdowne site.
Patel did not provide details about the location of the east end site other than to say it would be proximal to McAllister Place.
The openings come as the chain has made notable forays across Canada as well as into Mexico, with restaurants in that country set to open later this year.
In the past six months the chain has opened 14 new stores across Canada, with eight locations in British Columbia, two in Quebec, one in Ontario, and one each in P.E.I. and Nova Scotia.
The rate of expansion is prolific. For example at the beginning of the pandemic, the chain had about 5 stores in BC, they now have 20.
They were the first adopters of a single number call centre and won a Webby Award for their pizza ordering app in 2011.
The company made an initial public offering in 2005 and also acquired the Pizza 73 chain in Alberta in 2007. The company has over 625 stores, plus 100 Pizza 73 locations, and has been in operation since 1967.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 10
|
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pizza-73-celebrates-35-years-of-innovation-and-great-tasting-za--885647813.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Celebrates 35 Years of Innovation and Great Tasting 'Za!
|
[
"https://www.newswire.ca/content/dam/newswire-ca/Cision_logo_navy_orange.svg",
"https://www.newswire.ca/content/dam/newswire-ca/cisionreversed_logo.svg",
"https://rt.newswire.ca/rt.gif?NewsItemId=C6308&Transmission_Id=202009111000CANADANWCANADAPR_C6308&DateId=20200911"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pizza 73"
] | null |
[] |
2020-09-11T10:00:00-04:00
|
/CNW/ - To celebrate Pizza 73's 35th anniversary, pizza-lovers will be able to enjoy their favourite small recipe pizzas for only $7.35! The offer includes the...
|
en
|
/content/dam/cision/icons/favicon.png
|
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pizza-73-celebrates-35-years-of-innovation-and-great-tasting-za--885647813.html
|
To celebrate, Pizza 73 is offering small pizza's for only $7.35
EDMONTON, Sept. 11, 2020 /CNW/ - To celebrate Pizza 73's 35th anniversary, pizza-lovers will be able to enjoy their favourite small recipe pizzas for only $7.35! The offer includes the Meat Supreme, Vegetarian, Hawaiian, and Grand Slam, and will be available until September 20th.
"Thirty-five years is an incredible milestone in the restaurant industry, and we are so proud of the franchisees, staff and partners that make the Pizza 73 family so special. Their passion for providing high quality pizzas, delicious chicken wings, safe delivery and great customer service at the highest standards is at the heart of everything they do," says Chief Operating Officer Philip Goudreau. "I want to personally share my deep appreciation to everyone for their outstanding work. Their drive, coupled with their involvement in local communities and the relationships they've built, will ensure we continue to serve guests for another thirty-five years."
When the first Pizza 73 opened in Edmonton in the autumn of 1985, pizza was either cheap or it was quality. Pizza 73 was determined to be known for the reliable delivery of great quality pizza at budget-friendly prices. Thirty-five years later, Pizza 73 continues to "deliver" on those same marks; with high quality Canadian ingredients, safe and reliable delivery and great value to feed the family.
And while no one knows the exact "secret ingredient" to what's made Pizza 73 a favourite of Western Canadians, innovation has been a big factor. As Calgary operating partner Gurnam Sidhu says, "Pizza 73 has been reliable, advanced and flexible in our technology. We were the first in Alberta to launch a central call centre taking orders and we've continued to move with the times, launching our online ordering, then our apps, all while ensuring the best customer experience."
Another key to our success: the heart of our incredible staff and customers. The Souky family, long-time operating partner in Edmonton, put it best: "Pizza 73 has been in our family's life for the last 30-plus years. As a family, we came together and worked hard to create not only a legacy but memories that have brought us together and formed a bond. We take pride in serving our customers and providing them not only with the best quality food, but service from our heart. This is truly where the secret to our success lies over the years. We came together as a family and led the way with our dedication, hard work, and most of all our love."
And who could deny our delicious, freshly baked-in-store dough? A great tasting pizza starts with dough, and we make it fresh every day then pour on your toppings of choice for a mouth-watering, affordable pizza every time.
For more information, visit www.pizza73.com or follow Pizza 73 on Instagram @pizza_73 and Twitter @pizza73.
About Pizza 73
Established in 1985, Pizza 73 aims to satisfy every customer by providing excellent quality food and true value in a fast and friendly manner. The company is a leader in the communities it serves and offers a broad range of menu items with over 20 varieties of specialty pizzas, more than 20 different toppings, five styles of crust (signature pan, thin crust, sesame, gluten-free and cauliflower), and an assortment of fresh side dishes including chicken wings, boneless wings, wedgies, dipping sauces and salads. Visit www.pizza73.com for more information.
SOURCE Pizza 73
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 86
|
https://www.marketbeat.com/instant-alerts/tse-pza-dividend-announcement-2024-07-30/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. (TSE:PZA) Plans Monthly Dividend of $0.08
|
[
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/master/MarketBeat-logo-r-white.svg?v=2019",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/thumb_20240827152349_videotesla2.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/thumb_20240827114724_videomcd.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/thumb_20240827115337_videocava.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/thumb_20240826155503_videobuy-sell-hold.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240718150215_how-to-execute-the-wheel-strategy-to-generate-opti.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240626075418_3-options-strategies-to-play-a-stocks-uptrend-if-b.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240613145241_how-to-use-delta-hedging-to-protect-your-options-w.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240605091630_3-options-strategies-to-protect-your-stocks-in-a-f.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240524094835_how-to-choose-between-an-options-debit-spread-or-c.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/thumb_20240515090911_how-to-buy-the-dip-and-sell-the-rip-on-your-stocks.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/loading-gif.gif?v=2",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9350&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/pizza-pizza-royalty-corp-logo-1200x675.png?v=20240606105549",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/DividendChart.ashx?Prefix=TSE&Symbol=PZA",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9351&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/premium-reports/small_20240423084935_reportpreviewcover-2024-02-the-next-7-blockbuster-.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2058push_gold-295936_640.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9269&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2054push_stocks.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2075push_webinar_02_720x480.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9354&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2050push_lithium.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2044push_Banking-2.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9016&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2068push_Depositphotos_9661966_S.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240822085511_3-over-hyped-stocks-to-sell-now.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9351&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2075push_Government-5.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240823104605_3-high-short-interest-stocks-poised-for-a-rate-cut.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240822095445_4-no-brainer-stocks-to-hold-this-fall-for-steady-g.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240826081149_3-stocks-increasing-dividend-payouts-ahead-of-inte.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/scripts/TriggeredCampaignPixel.ashx?TriggeredCampaignID=9203&Placement=NativeDisplay&Source=NativeDisplay",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/webpush/files/thumb_2068push_flag.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240823074150_cathie-wood-has-90-million-in-this-ai-precision-me.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/articles/small_20240826152725_3-small-caps-to-buy-and-hold-for-2025-and-beyond.jpg",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/small_20240802144535_video52weeklow.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/small_20240827152349_videotesla2.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/small_20240827114724_videomcd.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/logos/videos/small_20240827115337_videocava.png",
"https://c.statcounter.com/12252990/0/30d4b434/1/",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/facebook-logo-2.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/google-g-logo.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/facebook-logo-2.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/google-g-logo.png",
"https://www.marketbeat.com/images/master/MarketBeat-logo-r-white.svg?v=2019",
"https://c.statcounter.com/7602069/0/74cbf3e8/1/"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pizza Pizza Royalty",
"instant alerts",
"TSE:PZA",
"dividend announcement"
] | null |
[
"MarketBeat"
] |
2024-07-30T00:00:00
|
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. (TSE:PZA) declared a monthly dividend on Friday, July 26th. Stockholders of record on Wednesday, July 31st will be given a dividend of 0.078 per share on Thursday, August 15th. This represents a $0.94 annualized dividend and a dividend yield of 6.91%. The ex-dividend date is Wednesday, July 31st.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
MarketBeat
|
https://www.marketbeat.com/instant-alerts/tse-pza-dividend-announcement-2024-07-30/
|
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. (TSE:PZA - Get Free Report) declared a monthly dividend on Wednesday, July 31st, Zacks reports. Investors of record on Thursday, August 15th will be given a dividend of 0.078 per share on Thursday, August 15th. This represents a $0.94 dividend on an annualized basis and a yield of 6.93%. The ex-dividend date is Wednesday, July 31st.
Pizza Pizza Royalty Price Performance
Shares of Pizza Pizza Royalty stock traded up C$0.05 on Tuesday, reaching C$13.51. 25,218 shares of the stock were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 28,429. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 15.61, a quick ratio of 3.03 and a current ratio of 3.09. The firm has a market cap of C$332.62 million, a PE ratio of 14.11 and a beta of 0.95. The firm's 50 day moving average is C$13.18 and its 200-day moving average is C$13.69. Pizza Pizza Royalty has a one year low of C$12.80 and a one year high of C$15.52.
Pizza Pizza Royalty (TSE:PZA - Get Free Report) last released its earnings results on Thursday, May 9th. The company reported C$0.23 earnings per share for the quarter. Pizza Pizza Royalty had a return on equity of 10.63% and a net margin of 77.82%. The firm had revenue of C$148.90 million during the quarter. As a group, analysts anticipate that Pizza Pizza Royalty will post 1 EPS for the current fiscal year.
About Pizza Pizza Royalty
(Get Free Report)
Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp., through its subsidiary, Pizza Pizza Royalty Limited Partnership, owns and franchises quick service restaurants under the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 brands in Canada. The company was founded in 1967 and is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.
See Also
Five stocks we like better than Pizza Pizza Royalty
Procter & Gamble NYSE: PG Pulls Back After Shaky Guidance
AbbVie Analysts Lead the Stock Higher as Humira Worries Recede
What is the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)
Harley-Davidson Stock Revs Up With Billion Dollar Buyback Program
The 3 Best Fintech Stocks to Buy Now
Cruise Line Stock Sinks Despite Beating EPS and Raised Guidance
Should you invest $1,000 in Pizza Pizza Royalty right now?
Before you consider Pizza Pizza Royalty, you'll want to hear this.
MarketBeat keeps track of Wall Street's top-rated and best performing research analysts and the stocks they recommend to their clients on a daily basis. MarketBeat has identified the five stocks that top analysts are quietly whispering to their clients to buy now before the broader market catches on... and Pizza Pizza Royalty wasn't on the list.
While Pizza Pizza Royalty currently has a "Hold" rating among analysts, top-rated analysts believe these five stocks are better buys.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 25
|
https://www.buddyspizza.com/
|
en
|
Buddy's Pizza
|
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/t/5e72cdfedbc5156b7572bbe2/1608220984384/Logo.png?format=1500w
|
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/t/5e72cdfedbc5156b7572bbe2/1608220984384/Logo.png?format=1500w
|
[
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584582142266-ZH5X1F9OWE5KJMKW72NO/Logo.png?format=1500w",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1720708064736-XG3XL2FID2892IOYHCRO/SLOWS__Website_Masthead_v1.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1720708064736-XG3XL2FID2892IOYHCRO/SLOWS__Website_Masthead_v1.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1721402123449-9S33E50CL0SMZRUY156E/DSD_Website_Masthead_A.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1721402123449-9S33E50CL0SMZRUY156E/DSD_Website_Masthead_A.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1718648348819-6GAXF63AG3CK7T83K77E/ORIGINALITY_SQUARED__Website_Masthead_1.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1718648348819-6GAXF63AG3CK7T83K77E/ORIGINALITY_SQUARED__Website_Masthead_1.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1711983645475-E1JU14PNTJW94R6KNSRO/Homepage_Banner_Carousel_The_OG.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1711983645475-E1JU14PNTJW94R6KNSRO/Homepage_Banner_Carousel_The_OG.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1612882791081-MG8VB3UGA8RVK1YPM03F/title_birthplace.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1587401549381-DJOX1UIR87SGHRD579CQ/made-different.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584591635361-6TJ91FPM3HB7H4E2S90G/download-on-the-app-store.png",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584591635361-6TJ91FPM3HB7H4E2S90G/download-on-the-app-store.png",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584591578601-7IHQ2PATPUZWNU0NFVY7/google-play-badge.png",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584591578601-7IHQ2PATPUZWNU0NFVY7/google-play-badge.png",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1585936715010-YDLYRH809VGQ57LVDFMH/buddys-experience.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1585936715010-YDLYRH809VGQ57LVDFMH/buddys-experience.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1587401644534-80NKMCJ43FTI7JPZV275/custom-built.jpg",
"https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1587569538115-6NYQ24XXQGZ9ERI7U0CN/perfect-pie.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dfa2bfbdaf82940e4afd01f/1584582279753-0U1P1THYWV8JCJRE0TWN/favicon.ico?format=100w
|
Buddy's Pizza
|
https://www.buddyspizza.com
|
In 1946, a new style of pizza was born at Buddy’s and it was different. Our one of a kind square pies are built by hand with the best ingredients. No shortcuts, just a stubborn belief in doing things right. We believe in creating good food that’s meant to be gathered ‘round – from family dinner, to date night, game night and everything in between. We’ve always had a way of turning strangers into friends and friends into family. We are The Original Detroit-Style Pizza.
Come on in and grab a slice of Detroit.
We make them from scratch so you can make them your own. Take our Signature Squares and tune them up any way you like. Stack on your choice of fresh veggies, meat and cheese to create your own Motor City masterpiece.
|
|||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 84
|
https://www.stalbertgazette.com/lifestyle-news/pizza-pizza-signs-master-franchise-agreement-to-expand-into-mexico-4817298
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza signs master franchise agreement to expand into Mexico
|
[
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/stalberttoday/images/st-albert-gazette/stalbertgazettelogo-148x50.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/f/files/shared/feeds/cp/2024/08/c0167a5286fd067d87af0c81e04839566a1df06b20fafa89d520a40e508d850f.jpg;w=120;h=80;mode=crop",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/f/files/shared/feeds/cp/2024/08/f8525763499638564476dc39733ed98adbe2d6463281e3295e103a929e213b19.jpg;w=120;h=80;mode=crop",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/ui/greatwest/great-west-media.svg",
"https://www.vmcdn.ca/files/shared/addtohome-manifest/android-launchericon-192-192.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=349446665948516&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Canadian Press"
] |
2021-12-01T15:56:47+00:00
|
TORONTO — Pizza Pizza Ltd. has signed a deal that will see the restaurant chain expand into Mexico next year. The company says it has signed a master franchise agreement with Guadalajara-based KSG/GrünCorp.
|
en
|
St. Albert Gazette
|
https://www.stalbertgazette.com/lifestyle-news/pizza-pizza-signs-master-franchise-agreement-to-expand-into-mexico-4817298
|
TORONTO — Pizza Pizza Ltd. has signed a deal that will see the restaurant chain expand into Mexico next year.
The company says it has signed a master franchise agreement with Guadalajara-based KSG/GrünCorp.
Pizza Pizza chief executive Paul Goddard says KSG/GrünCorp is a long-standing business leader in Mexico, with expertise in restaurants and real estate.
KSG will be responsible for developing and growing the restaurants in Mexico.
KSG operates Arby's in Mexico as well as in-house brand Papas Topper.
Pizza Pizza has restaurants across Canada under the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 banners.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 1, 2021.
Companies in this story: (TSX:PZA)
The Canadian Press
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 7
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pizza-73-continues-expand-edmonton-205045981.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 continues to Expand in Edmonton
|
[
"https://finance.yahoo.com/_td_api/beacon/info?beaconType=noJSenabled&bucket=finance-US-en-US-def&code=pageRender&device=desktop&lang=en-US&pageName=deeplink®ion=US&rid=4a7cqb1jbq0i7&site=finance&t=1723662919391",
"https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/kZIi0uHtLdRLprg.fiy.NQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtoPTQ4/https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/Z0nZkpYYc7voHBEMdkKHpw--~B/aD0wO3c9MDthcHBpZD15dGFjaHlvbg--/http://l.yimg.com/os/284/2013/04/02/Marketwired-Logo-RGB-JPG_124346.jpg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=7241469&c5=1183300001&c7=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fpizza-73-continues-expand-edmonton-205045981.html&c14=-1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Marketwired"
] |
2015-10-15T20:50:45+00:00
|
Pizza 73, the leading pizza chain in Western Canada, keeps growing and growing with the opening of two new locations in Edmonton. The expansion tops off the 30th anniversary of Pizza 73 this year and brings ...
|
en
|
https://s.yimg.com/rz/l/favicon.ico
|
Yahoo Finance
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pizza-73-continues-expand-edmonton-205045981.html
|
EDMONTON, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - Oct 15, 2015) - Pizza 73, the leading pizza chain in Western Canada, keeps growing and growing with the opening of two new locations in Edmonton. The expansion tops off the 30th anniversary of Pizza 73 this year and brings its store count to 103.
The first location at 9559 118 Avenue North West and the second location at 3014 Granville Drive North West serve the greater Edmonton area.
"Pizza lovers in Edmonton have embraced Pizza 73 from day one," said Pat Finelli, Chief Marketing Officer for Pizza 73. "We established our roots here over 30 years ago and we're proud to have become a staple in Alberta. These new locations will continue to meet the demands of a growing city, especially with the excitement of the new arena, and provide even more pizzas and great service to please our customers."
The locations offer Pizza 73's diverse menu, which includes over 16 varieties of specialty pizzas, 20+ toppings, three styles of pizza crust options, chicken wings and poutine. Culinary classics like wedgies and curly fries are must-have items. Industry-leading gluten-free pizzas are also available.
"School is in full swing, we have the sports season really heating up with hockey and football, and Halloween is just around the corner," said Finelli. "We're pleased that our new stores will not only enhance service to our customers, but also provide tasty pizza and wings leading up to a busy holiday season with many social gatherings."
The stores offer convenient take-out and delivery, and customers can order by phone or through Pizza 73's iPhone app and website at www.pizza73.com.
About Pizza 73
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 28
|
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/pizza-73
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Definition
|
[
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/law-insider-logotype-white-trademark.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/gpt.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/microsoft-office-word.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/google-chrome-web-store.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/app-store-badge.svg",
"https://www.lawinsider.com/images/common/google-play-badge.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Define Pizza 73. means, collectively, the Pizza 73 Restaurants.
|
en
|
/images/touch/apple-icon-60x60.png
|
Law Insider
| null |
Similarly, on the Adjustment Date, the Royalty Pool is adjusted to include the forecasted system sales from new Pizza 73 restaurants opened on or before September 1 of the prior year, less any Pizza 73 restaurants permanently closed during the calendar year.
PPL, a privately owned corporation headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, operates in the food service industry primarily throughout Ontario and Alberta, and primarily franchises and operates quick-service restaurant businesses under the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 brands.
In July 2007, the Company, through its interest in the Partnership, acquired the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks from Pizza 73.
Sale of any assets other than those sold in the normal course of business including the sale of corporate stores or interests therein to Franchisees or Owner/Operators of the Pizza 73 Unit Companies.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks in exchange for PPL paying a 9% royalty on the system sales of all Pizza 73 restaurants included in the Royalty Pool.
The District has entered into a repayment agreement to guarantee its 5.45% portion of the NoaNet bond debt, which totaled $8,185,000 and $10,835,000 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales from all Pizza 73 restaurants in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited license to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales from all Pizza 73 restaurants in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
Concurrent with the acquisition of the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, the Partnership granted PPL an exclusive and unlimited licence to use the Pizza 73 Rights and Marks for an initial term of 99 years, for which PPL pays a royalty equal to 9% of system sales of all Pizza 73 restaurants included in the Royalty Pool, as defined in the Pizza 73 Licence and Royalty Agreement.
The significant judgments that were used to apply IFRS 10 included assessing which party had the power or current ability to direct decisions over the value creation and maintenance of the Pizza Pizza Rights and Marks and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks in the context of the purpose and design of the Partnership.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 92
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Pizza_Pizza
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c0/Pizza_Pizza_Logo.svg/300px-Pizza_Pizza_Logo.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/0d/Pizza_Pizza_Corporate_HQ.jpg/280px-Pizza_Pizza_Corporate_HQ.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/07/Pizza_Pizza_at_DVP_Onramp.jpg/300px-Pizza_Pizza_at_DVP_Onramp.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f0/PizzaPizzaMarkhamTownSquare.jpg/300px-PizzaPizzaMarkhamTownSquare.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b8/Pizza_Pizza%27s_Meditteranean_Vegetarian.jpg/300px-Pizza_Pizza%27s_Meditteranean_Vegetarian.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Pizza Pizza facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Pizza_Pizza
|
Pizza Pizza Ltd. is a franchised Canadian pizza quick-service restaurant with its headquarters in Toronto, Ontario. Its restaurants are mainly in the province of Ontario while others are located in Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and western Canada. Franchises in western Canada are mostly run through Alberta-based subsidiary Pizza 73. It has over 500 locations, including over 150 non-traditional locations.
History
The chain was founded by Michael Overs, who opened the first location on December 31, 1967, at the corner of Wellesley and Parliament streets in Toronto. He owned the chain until his death in 2010. It expanded throughout the Toronto area in the 1970s, and throughout the rest of Ontario throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
The chain opened its first locations in Quebec in the mid-1980s, but withdrew after a few years. It returned to the province, in Gatineau, in March 2007. Locations were opened in the Montreal area in late 2007 in the boroughs of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and Pierrefonds-Roxboro.
Pizza Pizza began to expand significantly outside Ontario during the 2000s. In its 2005 initial public offering filings, the chain announced it would consider expansion in western Canada, potentially including purchasing existing local chains. This led to a June 2007 agreement to purchase Alberta-based Pizza 73. As well, in October 2006, the company announced it would expand in the Quebec market, beginning with sponsorship of the Montreal Canadiens. The chain expanded to the British Columbia Lower Mainland in 2009, however all locations closed (Pizza 73 already had a location in Prince George in the B.C. Interior), and soon after added locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The chain returned to Vancouver in 2018. Pizza Pizza opened its first store in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in June 2010. The first New Brunswick location, situated in Dieppe, opened late 2021.
Pizza Pizza Limited announced in December 2021 that it was seeking to expand into Mexico.
Marketing
Pizza Pizza is known for the chain's phone number, XXX–1111. The company claims that its early adoption of the centralized single-number ordering system, and its subsequent use and heavy promotion of this rhyming phone number, helped the chain to expand throughout Ontario.
A central local number is used for all locations until it becomes a long-distance call. In other cities, local numbers are requested with the "11-11" suffix to match the standard jingle in the chain's radio advertisements. Pizza Pizza has registered "967–1111" and variants as trademarks.
Unaffiliated American pizza chain Little Caesars does not use its "Pizza! Pizza!" slogan in Canada due to Pizza Pizza's slogan registered as a trademark. Instead, Little Caesars uses "Two Pizzas!", "Hot 'N' Ready!" or "Delivery! Delivery!", "Quality! Quality!" and other two-word combinations.
Trademarks
Pizza Pizza currently holds the trademarks for:
Chicken Chicken
Technology
Pizza Pizza won a Webby Award in 2011 for Best Mobile Shopping App
See also
In Spanish: Pizza Pizza para niños
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 89
|
https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/08/16/open-thread-82-25/
|
en
|
Open Thread 82.25
|
[
"https://slatestarcodex.com/wp-content/themes/responsive-pujugama-v3/images/codex.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a232fd3699010dd6034e799e6b8b9cda?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a232fd3699010dd6034e799e6b8b9cda?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5379fcafbd2181f5e3fefe398a29d5f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/720ab0d5c1c8669a6adb4f586c1d75ea?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e3c1ee8280eb13f0731d45cb512de1ea?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f57513403482a02b68f1fbe78a0cea60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85bac4a671fadaf3dd2a9617b0a14888?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f57513403482a02b68f1fbe78a0cea60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fae3392cacc4f28027c111535d50bb65?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fae3392cacc4f28027c111535d50bb65?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fae3392cacc4f28027c111535d50bb65?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fae3392cacc4f28027c111535d50bb65?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fae3392cacc4f28027c111535d50bb65?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58a5249c61f4faeee7bc283cdd71a3d7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31232d993c3be176b877f4642b8ea060?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9d866424bdac5c4a09675a314e3cebd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800bdb1fce4d648857c63851055f88d2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f62951f38fed22bb35e1976eab99e37b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f62951f38fed22bb35e1976eab99e37b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/986bf720b11d248c903ce7b2fa5931f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b8cae4eef92ad4e4ae5ed781ddc6bec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b685d6e15a24fabbfca67c30887ade5a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c23bd71df125f2c3921d299be6dd39d?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b685d6e15a24fabbfca67c30887ade5a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81c4a5378237fd20826306a16a1fa676?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f06e1e6e8744389ca9fb30513233dd3d?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/720ab0d5c1c8669a6adb4f586c1d75ea?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1ba2cde369f62b965fb442e01a8bddec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800bdb1fce4d648857c63851055f88d2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/65ea35144eab6578c8701c3517439ff5?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800bdb1fce4d648857c63851055f88d2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/65ea35144eab6578c8701c3517439ff5?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e2863fb5c22593c94c5fdf93d708889f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/13360a9e3426878850574a08ffd90b84?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4490d8768c35d4abb68ff035e7b1f6e8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e2863fb5c22593c94c5fdf93d708889f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b8cae4eef92ad4e4ae5ed781ddc6bec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4490d8768c35d4abb68ff035e7b1f6e8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/65ea35144eab6578c8701c3517439ff5?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3a1f68638c765096502abb3e56274386?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd5abd5fbb780fc263acd6a7919604fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4490d8768c35d4abb68ff035e7b1f6e8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8fcf122b26064e4e68664bca3178a89a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/224a8f9710f42e3bdeccbffad4d39704?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31232d993c3be176b877f4642b8ea060?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0a4357304eaaf8b6813cda015b9aad1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aae5157d7ed2cacd7d5446babb1c9f70?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8fcf122b26064e4e68664bca3178a89a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c82aa2b5ce374a02e922b928e1759dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8fcf122b26064e4e68664bca3178a89a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8fcf122b26064e4e68664bca3178a89a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/11549ce81ed932c78ad8492a7ed4bbc7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/42801ba72d9de5e5a3ff17ab66dcee2e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/220c5520677b5d95b0c53dbe2df5f79f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/46972ac6ddc555521a4b8e1ba56d6b3e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63b7a3c4db806ee850bd447f85b983ee?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a4f36c89eae6e0537cfd66402c55c26?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7170859a056172ac415adfc9baddfe9e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4490d8768c35d4abb68ff035e7b1f6e8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64e652eb9ad6373bc24ff54574059de8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a461d4165b10fc84237b3788fb266f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64e652eb9ad6373bc24ff54574059de8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f57513403482a02b68f1fbe78a0cea60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c1ad79d430c9838a913f861d130d36e2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86e0b5bc856af2ce8f4bb7229e7587f6?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/65ea35144eab6578c8701c3517439ff5?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81c4a5378237fd20826306a16a1fa676?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81c4a5378237fd20826306a16a1fa676?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0900a9a3f5551a54eb636d62fa53c4c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/af62dc5c02df1d3ccff160724d9651a0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95a4f1e6e1973063adb54341552528fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc49d4d5101c2e76e8ccf216efdca49a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/36025b8406c51fa8db9f17d9d8f09e3b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7a9e2e498bce68000fe5eb5c55d990d?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3397f4ae0a09922643e22027b5b1adf9?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/31232d993c3be176b877f4642b8ea060?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/183c2e3566af1b2b17d3dfade7e147e1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/224a8f9710f42e3bdeccbffad4d39704?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/224a8f9710f42e3bdeccbffad4d39704?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/224a8f9710f42e3bdeccbffad4d39704?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a461d4165b10fc84237b3788fb266f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a461d4165b10fc84237b3788fb266f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84b5c67550aeb0218e18c142d81cd09f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64e652eb9ad6373bc24ff54574059de8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/81c4a5378237fd20826306a16a1fa676?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/38505e66d9bea07a14f3bb3721facb30?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/884f93fefa3053a17facef493d2e9537?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0a4357304eaaf8b6813cda015b9aad1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/04fadbe9d315733dd228f37226d7632b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ce404c8d35df762a599cb5173f18456?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/545382277fbaffafa5fc749a37c929bd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/481dc25d4c44c545160177c08adc3ec4?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d64220b87e74820eb94835d4969f9e86?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46d7b3807c09e9bf4e24758c3dc529?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46d7b3807c09e9bf4e24758c3dc529?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46d7b3807c09e9bf4e24758c3dc529?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c44b95607c4ec875b2072cd62317331?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86e0b5bc856af2ce8f4bb7229e7587f6?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30d0328d5904b2c13d273f54e6773caa?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ce404c8d35df762a599cb5173f18456?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46d7b3807c09e9bf4e24758c3dc529?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e60c2946dd960dd25deffe8a0fbd1202?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46d7b3807c09e9bf4e24758c3dc529?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e661e85610102bd0acdce82e1dd87ce0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b55c72a667514ec471b9bf9cf5c0341e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4f82fe4b378d4cd83017f75e665a9d4a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/057052028fa1c768459a41604f48a40a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4f82fe4b378d4cd83017f75e665a9d4a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff0b82cd1c89972bfd0d28c3162e28dc?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa8e6e159a8121afe91b93d316fb00e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64e652eb9ad6373bc24ff54574059de8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e661e85610102bd0acdce82e1dd87ce0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/faddea1dac980705b600897c89039f60?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f2f75fa5c9adacd4f9734923503f03b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86e0b5bc856af2ce8f4bb7229e7587f6?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a461d4165b10fc84237b3788fb266f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/800bdb1fce4d648857c63851055f88d2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea7bcf78fb1b7efe5895fa016bba0389?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f58eb31211b63d4015acc902073f442f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6acd518fe75534b5c8c099ced246cf3d?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dda67587ef017339d824fac8b8117d9e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dda67587ef017339d824fac8b8117d9e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9d1814710690464901fbdf8902064c3e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e661e85610102bd0acdce82e1dd87ce0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dda67587ef017339d824fac8b8117d9e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0d46df48d1f1b697ba13d56024a2ac23?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dda67587ef017339d824fac8b8117d9e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0bc199cbd537e7bbe11003441a51d9?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95a4f1e6e1973063adb54341552528fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9b01a3c75ca1817065349253e9811024?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52224e15d8d8ae4ab4a840f1929e50f8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f26726e05fd3652a6909afe502fb9960?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c80fa5b9e7d9ef7ecc0fcd50f51dff6c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee7799cf57c640de0f0d8e4171eb22d0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b0a4357304eaaf8b6813cda015b9aad1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/04fadbe9d315733dd228f37226d7632b?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a3200c66ae5fce81c2854b38c4d4361?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a461d4165b10fc84237b3788fb266f0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53decdc9ae7359ee833a186e574050d3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76ff34ffc0fc13977a4d891a26e9a085?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50bf2367ed31d283ee98b2f86552dfda?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0891942f4d28ec24aee7c7b9a2108929?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/906811f1509c030509dc4f6103f79e37?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/906811f1509c030509dc4f6103f79e37?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95a4f1e6e1973063adb54341552528fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec246608331064e7cb45d873f4a83769?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3397f4ae0a09922643e22027b5b1adf9?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a35d5648e1e8963b98fb1ddf447e7420?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2ab0dd9053837c40fd36dc1d544024fd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/49ad64ccd3064dfdc61b3d5d47505647?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ea4f49cc103e121d55d3133b128f1ec1?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/723519573be05b5edeb0659025b2fcd2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/220c5520677b5d95b0c53dbe2df5f79f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64c2161982d6524da92e70c526792e36?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cbf53b5b46be66ab664794177d806b39?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e29edea257841570695580d054e2b869?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/65ea35144eab6578c8701c3517439ff5?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64c2161982d6524da92e70c526792e36?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24e8e5bb7f1498f4bf4bb40f7d0d41aa?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d914dbb2a5a20438c33d790468cd0e01?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d2b7d9f7624f95ac028c4411cc940c8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9f1713b426a550f480b0f38f4ba0b525?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4480fa8686af48fcd94643a39566989a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb14f0a683c59c3b5be0550ee5fd7ec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/64c2161982d6524da92e70c526792e36?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d0837be44b824ac35cfa18a263d2a08?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fb1bfad575e50dd4985f29df2ac02aa0?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f9d61e6b8b9702ac4bad96c335a1a63?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b566d222eca37502a96435dc54d324dd?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01ae32853e6126682c1ad06943265ae7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0533ddbafdfe7a98d032994f0fa7ea22?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bb9fe37c4a2cbfe3ed5860f5cecbb1a3?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b8cae4eef92ad4e4ae5ed781ddc6bec?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c1ad79d430c9838a913f861d130d36e2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae8de5192903db8b26c9b7dcf9f63318?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a423eaf0536839a5c1e70f65103a60b2?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/85bac4a671fadaf3dd2a9617b0a14888?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e106634d93f788b87e49b6d3675e4a05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20ac983cab72d944184e5cda5e219400?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e106634d93f788b87e49b6d3675e4a05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/735a5915c250899ef8f5ad224498944c?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25c3023d182451fd033a06fb069f85a7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/785aea000d7d90bfd1c65140320e28ce?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ed237bde5d07e5e9c6caa0a7e0d9d217?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72ea6a53f8da6cff7f43428feccb7c76?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8f92132e420e982739a2bce097523af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7560ce98c66c0ada3c45b115474fb60a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0694c3cd69ac465f2fac9a2372e4081f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/705bb88fe6199bd04ce55d6986f7bf38?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ecadd70b852e8d248fa6acd4bf19264f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b2812f541b926d17d88c7bde18f0281?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fff4cd051326c05f2fea5f0e51b221a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16925051b6e64bbefacd6966c433a185?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84c022a7c22a864fa9784de57658ef62?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5da2a013860d6a8267b46693b2b40302?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0aa754be29b83d96c28f87f2c6c93e05?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b55c72a667514ec471b9bf9cf5c0341e?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c7de44f873f6138636821fea09979886?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/366e8366f2d78bb8eb438df76c187990?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58a5249c61f4faeee7bc283cdd71a3d7?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c66389ad74ef2a291c76e87c981b0391?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4490d8768c35d4abb68ff035e7b1f6e8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8ff812698f3843845a4f5ea75ff9841?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/906811f1509c030509dc4f6103f79e37?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/187657ec9b2b8b32730f68c5602698af?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/057052028fa1c768459a41604f48a40a?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2d79b962d141ef62e319c8bfb7be8d2f?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a397fbe6177e77a7cda9c21c6e0aeba8?s=40&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/sierpinski-low_res.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_substack.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_patreon3.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/80k_vertise.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/eatowr.jpg",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_safety.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/metaculus_vert.jpg",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vertise_altruisto.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_baur.jpg",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_b4x.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/mealsquares_ad.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_covid.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_seattle.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/eatowr2.jpg",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/beeminder_ad.png",
"https://slatestarcodex.com/blog_images/vert_aisafety.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-08-16T00:00:00
|
This is the twice-weekly hidden open thread. Post about anything you want, ask random questions, whatever. You can also talk at the SSC subreddit, or the SSC Discord server.
|
en
|
Slate Star Codex
|
https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/08/16/open-thread-82-25/
| ||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 33
|
https://smittenkitchen.com/2013/10/lazy-pizza-dough-favorite-margarita-pizza/
|
en
|
lazy pizza dough + favorite margherita pizza
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/lazy-margherita-pizza-2-2.jpg?fit=750%2C500&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm4.staticflickr.com/3804/10310322063_052be57e9b_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm3.staticflickr.com/2815/10310322743_2f6363e5cf_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm3.staticflickr.com/2862/10310164485_73fb53bb45_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm6.staticflickr.com/5489/10310324883_6e4f7a6948_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7328/10310134264_490621c319_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7367/10310327203_523781efa0_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7309/10310196106_2af852bf01_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm4.staticflickr.com/3709/10310197886_e95efc69a6_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm4.staticflickr.com/3728/10310331293_4977a95ae8_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm4.staticflickr.com/3769/10310331933_a4afa0fc6d_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm3.staticflickr.com/2827/10310201826_e1e9e0c1f6_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm3.staticflickr.com/2812/10310335943_8a5a821191_n.jpg?resize=320%2C213",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm3.staticflickr.com/2820/10311566464_59a467bf75_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7328/10311632196_a5f1cc67c6_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm6.staticflickr.com/5483/10311762613_529c8aacee_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7362/10311571294_37b6837a60_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm4.staticflickr.com/3740/10311611125_191d9be31c_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm6.staticflickr.com/5472/10311613505_8f121b83a9_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm8.staticflickr.com/7423/10311616235_9e7355737b_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/farm6.staticflickr.com/5542/10311775683_2d449219db_z.jpg?w=640",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/lazy-margherita-pizza-1.jpg?resize=640%2C426&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SKK-Final-Cover-with-New-scaled.jpg?fit=2219%2C2560&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2012/09/tskc-final-cover1.jpg?fit=1640%2C1876&ssl=1",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads//2017/05/smitten-kitchen-every-day-final-cover.jpg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/staub-x-smitten-kitchen-braiser-smaller-1024x1024.jpg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SK-Shop-Logo-Small-2-1024x416.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2019/09/crisped-chickpeas-with-herbs-and-garlic-yogurt.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/salted-caramel-peach-crisp-11-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/summer-braised-chickpeas-10-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2015/09/zucchini-rice-and-cheese-gratin1.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2008/09/raspberry-breakfast-bars.jpg?fit=1024%2C680&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2019/08/ultimate-zucchini-bread.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/YT_Thumb_MacCheese_v2.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/YT_Thumb_ChocolateCake_v2.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/YT_Thumb_FarroTomato_v2.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Challah_16X9-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-1-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CacioePepe_16X9-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/YT_Thumb_BroccoliSlaw_v2-1024x576.jpg",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Lasagna_16X9-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://i0.wp.com/smittenkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads//2020/04/how-i-stock-the-smitten-kitchen.jpg?fit=2250%2C1500&ssl=1",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SKK-3D-Cover.png",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/TSCK-3D-Cover.png",
"https://149401384.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SKED-3D-Cover.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2013-10-17T14:12:12+00:00
|
No kneading, no proofing, no babysitting, no machinery, no refrigeration, and one-bowl — this pizza fits itself into your life, not vice-versa.
|
en
|
smitten kitchen
|
https://smittenkitchen.com/2013/10/lazy-pizza-dough-favorite-margarita-pizza/
| ||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 38
|
https://rocketreach.co/pizza-73-profile_b456ef31fca77e75
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Information
|
https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/pizza-73-7a7bcfbd
|
https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/pizza-73-7a7bcfbd
|
[
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/logo/logo_updated.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/Comp_Starlayer1.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/Comp_Starlayer2.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/Comp_Starlayer3.svg",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/pizza-73-7a7bcfbd",
"https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/936a7b75570be9445c18813048e8977b",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm6.png",
"https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/37e38c67bd26689d142d67092e09da06",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppf10.png",
"https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/4d5e9b8ad0527f0d265413c5edbf24f7",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppf5.png",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm6.png",
"https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/72bb8ceba2c6dee1f7021709ec1d6872",
"https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/114a6032d479651021ff7eee3b728474",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/sofina-foods-inc-fd12e281",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/clearwater-seafoods-lp-a6be8bda",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/natures-path-foods-159b1374",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/woodbine-entertainment-0e6aa827",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/goodfood-market-tsxfood-7810cfe8",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/fgf-brands-866c5968",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/mark-anthony-group-a60856ad",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/restaurant-brands-international-b9866d00",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/solotech-inc-e10b4d83",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/high-liner-foods-30181d2a",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/touchbistro-31c68dcf",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/dare-foods-limited-e287f6e2",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/ritualco-f32baa2f",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/coca-cola-canada-bottling-limited-fbac1608",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/mastronardi-produce-4a78a22f",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/toronto-blue-jays-a53293f3",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/bclc-036a05ab",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/richardson-international-a4d31db5",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/movati-athletic-d973215b",
"https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/logo_url/great-canadian-gaming-corporation-7ed4053c",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-1-get-free-account-min.png",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-2-search-min.png",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-3-get-contact-min.png",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadMining_UsersMostLikelyToRecommend_Nps.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadCapture_Leader_Leader-Badge.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadCapture_BestUsability_Total-Badge.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadMining_BestRelationship_Total.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/talentculture2022.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/g2crowd.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/chromestore.svg",
"https://static.rocketreach.co/images/logo/logo_watermark.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pizza 73 revenue",
"Pizza 73 overview",
"Pizza 73 summary",
"Pizza 73 profile",
"Pizza 73 address",
"Pizza 73 hq",
"Pizza 73 location",
"Pizza 73 phone",
"Pizza 73 funding",
"Pizza 73 email format",
"Pizza 73 emails",
"Pizza 73 company emails",
"Pizza 73 corporate emails",
"Pizza 73 business emails",
"find Pizza 73 emails",
"find Pizza 73 contacts"
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza 73 is a Hospitality, Food and Beverage Services, and Hospitality General company_reader located in Edmonton, Alberta with $21.6 million in revenue and 209 employees. Find top employees, contact details and business statistics at RocketReach.
|
en
|
//static.rocketreach.co/images/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=2020120
|
RocketReach
|
https://rocketreach.co/pizza-73-profile_b456ef31fca77e75
|
The year was 1985. It was a magical time when hair defied gravity, neon spandex defied explanation, and pizza came in one of two choices: tasty or cheap, but that would soon change. In September, we swung our door open for the first time and introduced Albertans to our dream of delivering great value on top-notch food. Like Cabbage Patch Kids, our unique melange of palate pleasing pizzas at pocketbook-protecting prices caught on fast. Almost over night – give or take 24 months – 17 new Pizza 73 outlets popped up in Edmonton and Calgary. Today there are over 85 Pizza 73 stores across Western Canada with more opening soon. Each delivering on our promise to serve up a “Better meal. Better deal.” every time. Our menu has grown too. When we started out, we offered a limited number of pizzas. Now we cook up 25 varieties of specialty pizzas, offer over 20 different toppings, four styles of crust (Traditional, Super Pan, Sesame Seed and Gluten Free), and seven types of sauce (Traditional, BBQ, Donair, Sriracha Honey Garlic, Pesto, Buffalo and Creamy Garlic) for you to create your own pizza, and prepare eight flavours of wings. We even whip up an assortment of fresh side dishes such as boneless wings, wedgies, dipping sauces and salads daily. Headquartered at a brand new 40,000 square foot state-of-the-art Head Office & Distribution Centre on 164th Street in northwest Edmonton , Pizza 73 continues to be a leader in technology, personnel and food products. We were the first Alberta pizza company with a Central Call Centre, which means that in every region we feed, one telephone number connects you to our operators, who then pass your order on to your neighbourhood Pizza 73. That’s why our meals make it to your door so fast, hot, and delicious.
View Top Employees from Pizza 73
|
||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 23
|
https://pizza-73.pissedconsumer.com/customer-service.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Customer Service Phone Number +1 403 273 7373, Email, Help Center
|
[
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/themes/pc2/images/club-widget/banner-club.jpg",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-73.jpg",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-hut.jpg?r=143be7ba657f44b36d80498b6d24ffbba908ba1c",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-hut-canada.png?r=ab1bd09cea27cece82de9c77ed7391bd1776054a",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/d/dominos-pizza.png?r=2b24a7275cb123304d1330f0f5477181b52bf684",
"https://www.pissedconsumer.com/trackCompany/89951.html"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-25T19:14:17
|
How to contact Pizza 73 customer support at headquarters phone number? Call or write an email to resolve Pizza 73 issues: Shipping and Delivery, Refund, Payments and Charges. Visit the company website www.pizza73.com or help center for more information.
|
en
|
PissedConsumer
|
https://pizza-73.pissedconsumer.com/customer-service.html
|
Summary
Pizza 73 is a Canadian restaurant chain that offers different styles of pizza, along with chicken wings. As of 2007 it is operated by the company called Pizza Pizza, which had acquired the restaurant for a total of CAN70.2 million. There are 89 locations throughout Western Canada, which include the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, etc. The restaurant's name originates from their original phone number: 4737373. Pizza 73 was founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985. It is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, with Michael Overs serving as the restaurant's chairman. It was the first delivery chain in Western Canada that provided a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meal by phone; Pizza 73 also allows orders online by the internet as of 1995. On August 18, 2011, Pizza 73 launched its iPhone application, thus allowing potential customers a new way to order food.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 76
|
https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/biz/pizza-73/6225117194616832
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Gluten
|
[
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/main/img/nav_icon.png",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Tn6VVBzb1VFHN0ikKc55VyomqUOvvZOahj9yq6gn8b15JqLqpYc8_4ZnNfMGiNb-3ZpQekZKYv9DSI2mKabpxns=s100-c",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/img/no_profile_pic.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/img/no_profile_pic.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/img/no_profile_pic.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/img/no_profile_pic.png",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/0d8EG6NYZB2XRIfNKBci2-Kpgwy0BPW4EDtaLh2V2rdCz4ybGy0Zhi3JoR7D_yMBXAiW9VxhDNaJfBxyojjr=s100-c",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/main/img/app.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/main/img/footer_logo.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/main/img/app_store.png",
"https://www.findmeglutenfree.com/main/img/google_play.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Gluten-free options at Pizza 73 in Medicine Hat with reviews from the gluten-free community. Has gluten-free pizza.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
| null |
Been eating here for years and nary an issue. When choosing toppings for your personalized pizza, items are clearly marked. You can also order their 3 gf pizzas if you don’t want to choose toppings yourself. Their pizza crust is 7/10 for a gf. It’s less flat and blah then papa George’s or TJ’s Pizza but not as fluffy as pizza huts new gf crust. I always order mine well done otherwise any leftovers are soggy by the next day. Also they sell gf breaded boneless wings that are quite good for what they are. I love ordering their creamy dill dip for wings and pizza. Takeout or delivery only, no dine. Their regular wings are amazing for non gf eaters!
I have ordered here once before a cheese gluten free pizza and was totally fine. I order a few nights ago and ordered a gluten free pepperoni pizza, sad to say I was sick with in a hour. I think maybe pepperoni did it since it was a new one I tried or CC???
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 35
|
https://childrenshospitals.ca/our-partners/pizza-pizza/
|
en
|
Our Partners - Pizza Pizza
|
[
"https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/cchf-logo-2x.png",
"https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/pizza-1.png",
"https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Teagan-1.png",
"https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Ben-1.png",
"https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Blayke-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2019-02-14T15:50:28-05:00
|
As a partner of CCHF, Pizza Pizza is standing up for children’s health by raising funds for kids’ hospitals. Help Pizza Pizza by donating today.
|
en
|
https://childrenshospitals.ca/wp-content/themes/sme-cchf-child/favicon.ico
|
https://childrenshospitals.ca/our-partners/pizza-pizza/
|
Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision of “Always the best food, made especially for you”, with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement. With more than 750 locations across Canada, the company is Canada’s pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader, operating two banners – Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 – that deliver quality food choices, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 37
|
https://food96.com/place/pizza-73-12980
|
en
|
Pizza 73 510 Circle Dr E # 11 S7K 7C7
|
[
"https://food96.com/img/signin-modal/signin.svg",
"https://food96.com/img/signin-modal/signup.svg",
"https://food96.com/pic/food96.com.png",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/JyhGtoDQrC6LRoDh.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/LHtlQxHPaBdFyR4G.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/ddaI7KWunl5PC5NH.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/JyhGtoDQrC6LRoDh.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/LHtlQxHPaBdFyR4G.jpeg",
"https://tmbl.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/food96/ddaI7KWunl5PC5NH.jpeg",
"https://food96.com/img/city-guide/single/map-sm.jpg",
"https://food96.com/pic/food96.com.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/de.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/fr.png",
"https://food96.com/img/flags/es.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Order food online. Get food delivery ⏰ hours, ☎️ phone number, address and map. | Food96
|
en
|
/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=JyAxjpOJMg
|
https://food96.com/place/pizza-73-12980
|
Pizza 73 is a Canadian restaurant chain that offers many different styles of pizza and sides. The menu is diverse, ranging from gluten-free boneless wings to vegan pizza crusts. Founded in 1985, there are currently 89 locations throughout Western Canada, which include the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 19
|
https://www.coursehero.com/file/64548197/PIZZA-PIZZAdocx/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 57
|
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13153/chapter/2
|
en
|
Leveraging Food Technology for Obesity Prevention and Reduction Efforts: Workshop Summary
|
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cover/13153/450
|
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cover/13153/450
|
[
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/img/openbook-header-print.png",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cover/13153/450",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p4.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p5.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p8.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p10.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p18.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/openbook/13153/xhtml/images/p26.jpg",
"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/images/hdr/logo-nasem-wht-lg.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Read chapter Workshop Summary: Obesity is a major public health challenge. More than one-third of the U.S. adult population is considered obese, a figure ...
|
en
|
The National Academies Press
|
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13153/chapter/2
|
Workshop Summary
OVERVIEW
With more than one-third of the U.S. adult population considered obese,1 a figure that has more than doubled since the mid-1970s (Flegal et al., 2010), obesity has emerged as a major public health challenge. Among children, obesity rates have more than tripled over the same period. Not only is obesity associated with numerous medical complications, but also it incurs significant economic cost. Although at its simplest, obesity is a result of an energy imbalance, with obese (and overweight2) people consuming more energy (calories3) than they are expending, in reality it is very difficult for many people to balance calories consumed with calories expended. Human eating behavior is inordinately complex, with multiple layers of influence. Eating is impacted not only by the biological responses that occur when the presence of food or even the smell of food triggers physiological
____________
chain reactions but also by societal norms and values around portion size and other eating behaviors.
Behavioral scientists have made significant progress over the last 10–20 years toward building an evidence base for understanding what drives energy imbalance in overweight and obese individuals. Meanwhile, food scientists have been tapping into this growing evidence base to improve existing technologies and create new technologies that can be applied to alter the food supply in ways that reduce the obesity burden on the American population. As just one example, chemists at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed a novel, low-oil-uptake rice batter that absorbs 50 percent less oil than regular wheat batter and can be used for coating chicken, fish, vegetables, and other foods. Food scientists have developed a range of other fat-reducing technologies as well, including new processing technologies for multiple grain doughs, new baking technologies, and technologies that incorporate fiber as a fat replacement. Reducing fat content might seem like the most obvious way to reduce the energy density of a food, given the high caloric value of fat,4 but there are other ways. For example, food scientists in the beverage industry have developed reduced-calorie sweetened beverages by replacing sucrose using various zero- and low-calorie sweetener technologies.
Reducing the energy density of foods is by no means the only or best way to leverage food technologies in the effort to reduce and prevent obesity. Other technologies being leveraged for obesity prevention and reduction efforts include ready-to-eat portion-controlled frozen meals, which have been shown to be associated with reduced energy intake and increased short-term weight loss; a variety of fruit- and vegetable-based technologies, based on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and maintenance of a healthy weight (when substituted for more energy dense foods) and reduced risk of many chronic diseases; and technologies that enhance micronutrient density, developed on evidence suggesting that micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to overeating.
On November 2 and 3, 2010, the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) Food Forum convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to examine the complexity of human eating behavior and explore ways in which the food industry can continue to leverage modern food processing technologies to influence energy intake as one population-based change of the many
____________
multifaceted societal changes that will help to reduce and prevent obesity. Through invited presentations and discussions, behavioral scientists, food scientists, and other experts from multiple sectors discussed evidence-based associations between various eating behaviors and weight gain and considered the opportunities and challenges of altering the food supply—both at home and outside the home (e.g., in restaurants)—to alleviate overeating and help consumers with long-term weight maintenance. The workshop agenda and biographies for speakers and moderators are included in Appendixes A and B, respectively.
This workshop summary was prepared by the rapporteurs for the Forum’s members and is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic description of the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. The main topics covered include, in order, the following: trends in overweight and obesity over the past 30 years; the complexity of eating behaviors; lessons learned and best practices; major challenges; and potential for innovation: next steps. These proceedings are not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter. They summarize only statements made and information presented by participants at the workshop. Although participants made several suggestions for moving forward with respect to leveraging technologies in obesity reduction and prevention efforts, the goal of this workshop was not to reach consensus on any issue(s). As such, the statements summarized here represent individual beliefs; they do not represent the findings, conclusions, or recommendations of a consensus committee process.
TRENDS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: FROM THE MID-1970s TO THE PRESENT5
In addition to 33.8 percent of the U.S. population aged 20 and over that is considered obese, another 34.2 percent is considered overweight, according to the most recently available National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007–2008) (Flegal et al., 2010). This makes for a staggering 68 percent of American adults who carry excess body weight, according to U.S. standards. Not only are all organ systems adversely affected by excess body weight, causing significant medical complications, but these medical complications in turn incur significant
____________
FIGURE 1 Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults aged 20 years or older, 1976–2008. Among U.S. adults, the prevalence of both overweight and obesity has been steadily increasing since the mid-1970s. Today, approximately 70 percent of American adults are either overweight or obese.
SOURCE: Data adapted from Flegal et al., 1998, 2010; Ogden et al., 2006.
economic cost. Between 1998 and 2006, the annual medical burden of obesity increased from 6.5 to 9.1 percent of annual medical spending,6 with per capita medical spending for obese persons being more than 40 percent greater than it is for persons of healthy weight (Finkelstein et al., 2009).
Among adults, the prevalence of both overweight and obesity has been increasing steadily since the mid-1970s (Figure 1) (Flegal et al., 1998, 2010; Ogden et al., 2006). Likewise among children, the prevalence of obesity more than tripled between the early 1970s and mid-2000s (Figure 2) (Ogden and Carroll, 2010). As Gary Foster, professor and director of the Center for Obesity Research and Education at Temple University, remarked, childhood obesity is especially worrisome because obese children risk developing adult conditions such as hypertension, increased cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes at a much younger age; also, obese children are more likely than normal-weight children to experience psychosocial complications such as
____________
FIGURE 2 Prevalence of obesity in children (6–11 years) and adolescents (12–19 years), 1971–2008. The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has tripled since the mid-1970s, with an estimated 18 percent of today’s 6–19 year olds considered obese. SOURCE: Foster presentation (November 2, 2010); data adapted from Ogden and Carroll, 2010.
peer rejection, bullying, and impaired academic performance. Additionally, obese adults who were overweight as children have a greater prevalence of medical conditions than obese adults who were not overweight as children (Baker et al., 2005; Must and Anderson, 2003; Wearing et al., 2006).
According to 2007–2008 NHANES data (Flegal et al., 2010), non-Hispanic blacks are disproportionately burdened by obesity. Non-Hispanic blacks not only have a higher prevalence of obesity than other ethnic groups (i.e., non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and Mexican Americans), they also have a higher prevalence of class II and class III obesity.7 Increasing trends in class II and III obesity are particularly alarming because they are associated with greater impairment of quality of life, greater co-morbidity, and greater medical cost compared to the other classifications of overweight and obesity. Non-Hispanic blacks have also shown a slightly greater increase in the prevalence of obesity over time, since the mid-1970s, compared to non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans (Flegal et al., 1998; Ogden et al., 2006), with most of the divergence being among women.
According to Foster, the fact that non-Hispanic blacks are disproportionately impacted by obesity raises questions about the extent to which
____________
variation among different segments of the American population should be considered when exploring ways to leverage food technology for obesity prevention and reduction efforts. For example, are there certain types of food products that non-Hispanic blacks buy more frequently? If so, are there ways to aim interventions toward those products? Later in the workshop, other participants identified poverty as another important socioeconomic factor to consider when exploring the possibilities for intervention. For example, speaker Brendan Boyle, partner and chief invention officer at IDEO, suggested that product distribution is as important to consider as product innovation when devising technology-based strategies for obesity intervention, with a major challenge being the distribution of novel food products to lower-income neighborhoods where people would otherwise not have access to such products.
Arguably one of the first and most obvious variables to consider when exploring possible causes of the obesity crisis is the amount of energy in food available for human consumption, as measured by calories per capita per day. Indeed, available daily dietary energy in the U.S. food supply increased from about 3,300–3,400 calories per capita to more than 4,000 calories between 1980 and 2004 (Hiza and Bente, 2007). As Foster explained, by assuming that energy expenditure remained constant during that time, an increase in daily energy per capita of that magnitude would be enough to account for the increased prevalence of obesity in the U.S. population. However, on closer examination, macronutrient contribution to the dietary energy supply changed very little over the same time. Although the share of the daily energy supply coming from carbohydrates increased slightly in the 1980s, it has since plateaued; none of the other macronutrient profiles have changed much. One might expect to see an increase in energy availability from fat, if anything, given the high caloric density of fat, but this is not the case. Nor has there been much change in the proportion of available energy coming from any particular major food group (i.e., grains; fats and oils; sugars; meat, poultry, fish; dairy; vegetable; fruit; eggs; nuts, soy; miscellaneous). The only increases, and they have been slight (less than 5 percent change in share of total daily available calories derived from each), have been with grains and fats or oils, the latter slightly more than the former. In short, Foster concluded, while there have been slight increases in the proportion of available dietary energy coming from carbohydrates and fats or oils, the evidence does not implicate increased consumption of any particular macronutrient or food group as a primary driver of the obesity crisis.
Changes in Eating Behavior Since the Mid-1970s: Three Illustrative Trends
If it is not any particular macronutrient or major food group, then what is driving the increasing prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults and children? Rather than providing a comprehensive account of every change that has occurred in behavior over the past 30 years, Foster highlighted three trends by way of illustration: (1) increases in portion size; (2) increases in snacking frequency among adolescents; and (3) increases in meals eaten outside the home (i.e., at restaurants). He identified portion size as a promising target for intervention, that is, through portion-controlled dieting, based on evidence from several studies comparing portion-controlled dieting to other diet methods.
Portion Size
The fact that available calories are increasing but without any major changes in the proportion of available energy coming from any particular macronutrient or major food group suggests that people are simply eating more (of everything). Indeed, Nielsen and Popkin (2003) reported increases in portion sizes between 1977 and 1998 for many foods, including salty snacks, desserts, soft drinks, fruit drinks, French fries, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, and Mexican food. The most dramatic increases were with soft drinks and fruit drinks. In 1977–1978, the average portion size was 13.1 ounces (oz) for soft drinks and 11.3 ounces for fruit drinks; in 1989–1991, those figures jumped approximately 28 percent and 11 percent to 16.8 and 12.6 ounces, respectively; in 1994–1996, they jumped again by approximately 51 percent and 33 percent, to 19.9 and 15.1 ounces, respectively (Figure 3). Foster remarked that these data point to beverage consumption as a possible target for intervention, a strategy that Marge Leahy, director of health and wellness at the Coca-Cola Company, revisited during her presentation on zero-calorie and reduced-calorie sugar substitutes for beverages and other products. In another presentation, Jennifer Fisher, associate professor and research scientist at Temple University, explored in more detail the growing body of evidence showing that increased portion sizes are associated with increased energy intake. (Summaries of the information presented by Leahy and Fisher are provided later in this report.)
FIGURE 3 Changes in portion sizes, 1977–1998. Average portion sizes have increased since the mid-1970s, with the most dramatic increases for soft drinks and fruit drinks, pointing to beverage consumption as a possible target for obesity prevention and reduction interventions.
* Significant difference between 1977–1978 and 1989–1991 (p < 0.01).
+ Significant difference between 1977–1978 and 1994–1996 (p < 0.01).
Note that no statistical inferences were drawn between 1989–1991 and 1994–1996 data.
SOURCE: Data adapted from Nielsen and Popkin, 2003.
In Foster’s opinion, one of the most promising obesity treatments is portion control.8 Several studies have shown that providing patients with portion-controlled meals is a more effective weight loss strategy than telling patients to maintain a restricted-energy diet by keeping track of calories. Ditschuneit and colleagues (1999) reported significantly greater weight loss among individuals who ate four portion-controlled meal or snack replacements daily, compared to individuals on an energy-restricted diet with conventional foods (with both diets totaling 1,200–1,500 calories daily).
____________
The individuals were placed on their respective diets for three months and then placed on the same weight maintenance diet (energy restricted with two portion-controlled meals or snacks daily) for 24 months. Total weight loss over the entire 27 months, as a percentage of initial weight, was 5.9 kg for the energy-restricted group and 11.3 kg for the portion-controlled group. Similar results were observed in a four-year study comparing energy restriction and portion control (Flechtner-Mors et al., 2000). Finally, a meta-analysis of reduced-calorie diets versus partial meal replacement diets concluded that partial meal replacement diets resulted in significantly greater mean weight loss over both 3-month and 12-month periods (Heymsfield et al., 2003).
Foster opined that part of the reason portion control works is its simplicity. The mountain of evidence and advice on how to eat is overwhelming. By cultivating a “one-and-done” way of thinking, portion-controlled meals with fixed calorie amounts reduce much of the cognitive burden that is often placed on patients in nutrition-based obesity treatment programs. People do not need to weigh, measure, or calculate calories, fat, or any other component of what they are eating because that information is readily available on the package. Fixed-portion meals also reduce contact with “problem” food and are convenient to use because of their ready-to-eat nature. Portion control as a potentially effective target for intervention was revisited several times during the course of the workshop.
Snacking Behavior Among Adolescents
According to USDA data, snacking behavior among adolescents (12–19 years old) has changed dramatically over the past 30 years (ARS, 2010a; Hiza and Bente, 2007). In 1977, 40 percent of adolescents were not consuming any snacks at all. By 2005–2006, that figure had decreased by more than 50 percent, with only less than 20 percent of adolescents not consuming any snacks. Conversely, the percentage of adolescents consuming two or more snacks a day increased. About 15–17 percent of adolescents consumed two snacks a day in 1977, compared to nearly 30 percent in 2005–2006, and about 5 percent of adolescents consumed three snacks a day in 1977, compared to about 17 percent in 2005–2006. Not only has snacking frequency increased, but adolescents are also obtaining a greater percentage of their daily nutrients from snacks than they did in the past. In 1977–1978, adolescents obtained 14 percent of their daily nutrients (300 calories) from snacks, compared to 23 percent (a little more than 500 calories) in 2005–2006. In sum, Foster explained, adolescents are snacking
FIGURE 4 Mean calorie intake by snacking frequency, adolescents aged 12–19, 2005–2006.
* indicates a statistically significant trend.
SOURCE: ARS, 2010a.
more frequently and obtaining more absolute calories and a greater percentage of their daily calories from snacks.9
Foster remarked that increases in snacking frequency and snacking-related energy intake do not reveal much about obesity unless they are associated with increases in total energy intake. If adolescents are simply distributing the same number of calories throughout the day in the form of snacks instead of meals, an increase in snacking frequency would not have an impact on obesity, but this is not the case. The same USDA data indicate that adolescents who consume more snacks also have higher total energy intakes (Figure 4).10 Although adolescents comprise only a small proportion of the population, these data point to snacking as another potential target for intervention.
Food Consumption Outside the Home
Foster observed that often when people think about the products that the food industry manufactures they have in mind foods that are
____________
being purchased in grocery stores and consumed in the home. In fact, a significant portion of the food supply is consumed outside the home. Kant and Graubard (2004) reported that the percentage of adults not eating out decreased from 28 percent in 1987 to 24 percent in 1999–2000 (p < 0.0001). Not only are more people eating outside the home, but also they are eating outside the home more frequently. Kant and colleagues (2004) also reported that the percentage of adults eating three or more meals per week outside the home increased from 36 percent in 1987 to 41 percent in 1999–2000 (p < 0.0005). Even more compelling, Foster noted, are data showing that restaurant sales increased from $42.8 billion in 1970 to a forecasted $580.1 billion in 2010 (National Restaurant Association, 2010). Foster remarked that while these data do not in any way point to eating outside the home as the primary driver of the obesity crisis in America, they do suggest that commercially prepared meals that are eaten outside the home serve as another potential target for intervention.
IDENTIFICATION OF TARGETS FOR INTERVENTION: EVIDENCE FROM BEHAVIOR STUDIES
Individuals make 200 to 300 food-related decisions a day (Wansink and Sobal, 2007). Multiple factors come into play when these decisions are made, creating several behavioral challenges for food scientists to tease apart when innovating technologies for the purpose of obesity prevention and reduction. This section summarizes the workshop presentations and discussions that revolved around those behavioral challenges, with a focus on portion size (and the challenge of moving the public toward eating more healthful portions); energy density (and the challenge of providing the public with less energy dense foods that taste as good or better than their counterparts); satiety (and the challenge of providing consumers with less energy dense foods that satisfy the appetite as much as their more energy dense counterparts do); and consumer perception of labels and pricing (and the challenge of providing the food industry with incentives to develop innovative technologies when faced with unpredictable consumer response).
As much progress as behavioral scientists have made over the past 10–20 years toward building an evidence base for understanding what drives energy imbalance in overweight and obese individuals, there is still a great deal to learn. Richard Mattes, distinguished professor at Purdue University, argued that it is not even clear, at a fundamental level, whether eating is controlled by an internal biological system (i.e., homeostatically)
stated that it would make more sense to target food accessibility (i.e., access to a superabundant food supply, not access to nutritious and affordable foods). In traditional agricultural populations, cyclical patterns in weight gain and loss are clearly documented that offset each other, leading to stable body weight over the long term. For example, Prentice and Jebb (2004) reported a cyclical pattern in Gambian women, with annual cycles of weight loss and regain; the severity of weight loss depended on the adequacy of the previous year’s harvest. Over time, the women maintained stable weights. As another example, Corvalan and colleagues (2008) showed significant seasonal fluctuations in obesity among children (i.e., higher during fall and winter than spring and summer). Again, weight status remained the same over time. These cyclical patterns suggest that there is a functional role for eating in excess of need for a period of time because this would provide an energy reserve when external energy resources may be scarce. If this is true, Mattes remarked, the reason we have an obesity epidemic is that excess intake has not been balanced by an externally imposed food restriction (e.g., food shortage, famine). If this is the case, then according to Mattes, food accessibility (again, access to overconsumption, not access to nutritious and affordable foods) would be the most appropriate target for intervention.
3. Eating is regulated through a dysfunctional internal control mechanism, with diet and lifestyle being the most appropriate target for intervention. Alternatively, eating behavior could be internally regulated but with something having become dysfunctional in the United States in the 1970s such that people’s internal biological systems are no longer sensitive enough to monitor, or strong enough to modify, energy intake in order to achieve energy balance. For example, perhaps changes in the proportion of energy from different macronutrients or food sources (e.g., beverages vs. solid foods) or decreases in daily energy expenditure have altered the functionality of regulatory systems for energy balance. Regarding the latter, studies have shown that exercise is an effective way to control appetite. Racette and colleagues (1995) reported that individuals who exercised demonstrated better compliance to an energy-restricted diet and took in less excess energy than individuals who did not exercise. If this is the case—that is, if a dysfunctional internal biological regulatory system is driving the current obesity epidemic in the United States—then
according to Mattes, the most appropriate target for intervention would be diet and lifestyle.
4. Eating is regulated through both internal and external mechanisms, with palatability being the most appropriate target for intervention. A fourth scenario and one receiving considerable attention in the current scientific literature (Zheng et al., 2009) is that eating behavior is regulated by both internal and external systems. That is, appetite is internally controlled, but the body’s reward (hedonic) system is not; foods available today are so palatable that the positive feedback individuals receive from eating those foods overwhelms any biologically based appetite control. According to Mattes, if this is the case, then palatability would be the most appropriate target for intervention.
Mattes remarked that it is not clear which of these four theoretical eating regulation scenarios most accurately explains what is driving the current obesity epidemic in the United States. Thus, it is not clear where interventions to reduce obesity should be targeted—meal patterning, accessibility, diet and lifestyle, or palatability. In Mattes’ opinion, until such clarity is reached, it is difficult to know how best to intervene to effectively stop the spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States. Moreover, Mattes argued that fixing the magnitude of overconsumption that is driving the increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in the United States will require more than minor interventions. He pointed out the logical error in the often-cited example where a 10-calorie daily increase in energy intake over a five-year period should lead to a weight gain of 2.37 kg (Veerman et al., 2007). This would hold only if 10 calories more than needed was consumed every day, not just a fixed 10-calorie increment relative to the first day of the theoretical experiment. Thus, as weight is gained, the increment would continually rise and after five years, the required increase in energy intake to maintain body weight would be substantive. Note that the population is consuming several hundred calories more daily compared to the late 1970s, not 10 calories more. Small increments in energy will lead to small increases in body weight (other factors being held constant), and small decreases in energy intake will lead to small reductions of body weight before a new plateau is reached. Incremental reductions of energy intake may be a useful approach for some individuals, but to achieve marked weight reduction will require multiple successive adjustments.
Although there may be no “best” intervention, this does not mean that there are no known effective interventions to reduce overeating. As already
mentioned, in Foster’s opinion, one of the most promising obesity treatments is portion control, based on available evidence comparing portion control to other diet plans. As discussed in a later section of this report, Al Bolles, executive vice president of research, quality, and innovation at ConAgra Foods, effectively concurred, arguing that ready-to-eat, frozen, portion-controlled meals in particular are an underutilized resource in obesity reduction and prevention efforts. The remainder of this section explores the behavioral science evidence base from which these and similar claims are drawn.
Portion Size, Energy Intake, and Obesity
Fisher reviewed evidence on the relationship between portion size, energy intake, and overweight and obesity; identified major challenges to reversing the recent trend in increasing portion size; and suggested potential solutions to “normalizing” portion sizes in a way that promotes more healthful eating. This section summarizes Fisher’s presentation and the discussion that followed.
Trends in Portion Size
Fisher reiterated what Foster had mentioned in his keynote presentation—that Americans have been consuming increasingly larger portions over the past several decades, with the introduction of larger portions into the marketplace coinciding with increases in overweight and obesity in the United States (Young and Nestle, 2002, 2007). Portion size increases have been observed over a range of food types, particularly beverages, and portion size increases have been observed both inside and outside the home (Nielsen and Popkin, 2003) and among both children and adults (Popkin and Duffey, 2010). Moreover, people are eating larger portions more frequently, and snacking has increased in recent decades with increases seen in both grams and calories per snacking occasion (Piernas and Popkin, 2010a,b).
Relationship Between Portion Size and Energy Intake
Most of the research on the effects of portion size on energy intake has been conducted only since the early 2000s. Fisher highlighted the most salient evidence, with studies on both amorphous and unit foods (i.e.,
foods with distinct shapes) showing a strong association between increasing portion size and increasing energy intake among both adults and children. For example, in a study of 51 adults who were served a range of amorphous portion sizes of macaroni and cheese (500–1,000 g), Rolls and colleagues (2002) demonstrated a 30 percent increase in energy intake (cal/g) from the smallest to the largest portion sizes, with no observed differences in hunger or fullness. The same is true of children, with studies showing that food intake increases by about 25–60 percent, depending on the study, when children are served larger portions (2–2.5 times larger) of macaroni and cheese; energy intake of other foods served alongside the larger portions does not compensate for the extra energy intake associated with the larger portions, leading to an overall increased energy intake of 13–39 percent, again depending on the study (Fisher, 2007; Fisher et al., 2003, 2007c; Rolls et al., 2000).
The effect of portion size on energy intake is independent of the effects of energy density on energy intake, in both adults and children, with the effects of portion size exacerbated when the foods are energy dense. For example, Fisher and colleagues (2007c) reported that serving children larger portion sizes of macaroni and cheese (within the 250–500 g range) led to a 30 percent increase in energy or calorie intake on average; serving portions with increased energy density (within the 1.3 to 1.8 cal/g range) led to a 40 percent increase in energy intake; and serving larger portions of more energy dense macaroni and cheese led to a 75 percent increase in energy intake from the entrée. Again, the children did not compensate for their increased energy intake of macaroni and cheese with other foods served as part of the same meal, leading to an overall increased energy intake of about 30 percent on average.
Similar effects have been seen when either adults or children are served larger portions of unit foods (Fisher et al., 2007c; Geier et al., 2006; Rolls et al., 2004a,c), beverages (Flood et al., 2006; Rolls et al., 2007), snacks (Raynor and Wing, 2007; Rolls et al., 2004a; Wansink and Kim, 2005; Wansink et al., 2006), and fruits and vegetables (Kral et al., 2010; Mathias et al., 2009; Rolls et al., 2004b, 2010).
These data raise the question: Why do people eat more food when served larger portions? Fisher observed that the answer is unclear. Data have shown that among both children and adults, large portions lead to larger bite sizes (Fisher, 2007; Fisher et al., 2003). Bite size even increases when participants are blindfolded during eating, provided the participants are allowed to see the meal portions before the blindfold is put in place. In
a study of 30 adults, 14 of whom were overweight, Burger and colleagues (2011) reported that bite size increased by 2.4 g per bite—a small but significant amount—when the participants were blindfolded and served larger portions of macaroni and cheese (820 g compared to 410 g). Bite size and energy intake similarly increased when participants were allowed to view the food while eating. A study with children yielded similar findings: when served larger portions, the children took larger spoonfuls of food (Mathias et al., 2009). Fisher explained that although it is difficult to fully interpret the findings, given that adults normally do not eat when blindfolded, these data suggest that visual cues may trigger the increase in bite size. However, it is still unclear which particular visual elements impact behavior.
Although most of the portion size studies over the past 10 years have been laboratory studies, data collected in more naturalistic settings (e.g., child care setting, movie theater) show the same effects, with some research indicating an even greater magnitude outside of controlled settings (Diliberti et al., 2004; Fisher et al., 2003; Wansink, 2004; Wansink and Kim, 2005).
Long-Term Effects of Portion Size on Energy Intake and Weight Status
A recurring theme throughout the course of the two-day workshop was the need for more long-term studies on the effects of various eating behaviors and interventions targeting those behaviors in terms of cumulative energy intake and, more importantly, weight status. Regarding cumulative energy intake, Fisher noted that one of the longest studies conducted to date examining the impact of portion size on energy intake was an 11-day crossover study showing that the effect of portion size on energy intake was sustained over the entire study period (Figure 5), with adults served 150 percent portion sizes daily demonstrating a significantly greater cumulative energy intake (4,928 calories) compared to the same adult participants when they were served 100 percent portions daily (Rolls et al., 2007). The 4,928 calories hypothetically translates into a weight gain of about 1.25 pounds.
A handful of cross-sectional studies have evaluated associations between portion sizes consumed and actual weight status (Burger et al., 2007), but it is unclear whether trends in increasing portion size are contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States. For example, in one of the largest studies on the association between portion and weight status, involving 3,610 Swedish adults, participants were asked
FIGURE 5 Mean cumulative energy intake for 10 women and 13 men served baseline portions (100 percent) and large portions (150 percent) of all foods over 11 days. Serving large portion sizes led to a significant increase in cumulative energy intake (p < 0.0001) for both sexes.
SOURCE: Fisher presentation (November 2, 2010); data adapted from Rolls et al., 2007.
to identify what they considered to be a typical portion size from a set of nine different sizes (Berg et al., 2009). The researchers observed a 13 percent increased risk of obesity for each increase in typical portion size—that is, participants who perceived increasingly larger portion sizes as being typical were increasingly more likely to be obese. Fisher emphasized that these and similar data are associational only, with no clarity around whether there is any causal relationship. Additionally, if there is direct causation, it is unclear which factor is driving the other—that is, whether larger individuals are drawn to larger portion sizes or larger portions are driving weight gain. The same is true of children. Although data show that heavier toddlers consume larger portions, the relationship is associational only (McConahy et al., 2002). Most experimental studies of child and adult portion sizes have not found evidence of an association between the susceptibility to overconsume large portions and weight status (Fisher, 2007; Fisher et al., 2007a,b,c; Flood et al., 2006; Rolls et al., 2000, 2004c, 2006a,b, 2007). These studies suggest that the intake-promoting effects of large portions are not specific to overweight individuals.
Opportunities to Reverse the Negative Effect of Increasing Portion Sizes
Given that portion sizes are increasing and that increased portion sizes are associated with increased energy intake, the question becomes: How can the trend in increasing portion size be reversed? Steenhuis and Vermeer (2009) identified seven ways that technology can potentially be used to reverse the negative influence of increasing portion size: (1) improve front-of-package labeling; (2) improve point-of-purchase labeling; (3) use proportional pricing; (4) reduce energy density; (5) offer a wider range of sizes; (6) decrease portion sizes; and (7) use portion-controlled packaging. Fisher elaborated on three of these strategies (1, 2, and 7).
Fisher remarked that there are a number of opportunities to improve front-of-package labeling such that the labels provide consumers with clearer guidance on portion size, including both calories per serving and servings per package (Kessler et al., 2003; Lupton et al., 2010). Likewise, point-of-purchase labeling, such as menu labeling in restaurants, is another area in which portion size information could be communicated to consumers in a useful way. The question is: What is useful? According to Fisher, part of the challenge with providing serving size information on labels is the lack of a standard definition of serving size (Ball and Friedman, 2010). Many adults generally have a difficult time estimating portion size based on the numerical information provided. The requirement for abstract reasoning can be difficult for low-literacy populations in particular (Jae and Delvecchio, 2004). Fisher opined that it would be helpful to move away from numbers and toward visual cues that help consumers see how large a portion size is on a plate and in a package to be able to clearly delineate portion size with minimal cognition. Studies have shown that portion size aids (e.g., communicating to consumers that a portion of meat is similar in size to a deck of cards) can improve estimation (Byrd-Bredbenner and Schwartz, 2004).
With respect to leveraging technology to provide portion-controlled packaging, single-serving portion-controlled foods have been shown to aid in weight loss (Hannum et al., 2004; Jeffery et al., 1993), with 100-calorie snack packs reducing daily energy intake among frequent snackers (Raynor et al., 2009). Other types of unit reductions include separating multiple servings into single-serve packages (Vermeer et al., 2010a) and reducing the size of unit foods (Geier et al., 2006). Fisher also pointed to the work of Brian Wansink (Bruton et al., 2010) and her own work on children’s eating behavior showing that the size of eating implements can influence the amount of food requested and consumed by young children as well as
the amount adults serve to themselves. Smaller bowls and dishes may, therefore, help consumers select smaller portions in situations where portion-controlled packaging is not an option, such as when families are eating at home (Wansink et al., 2006, 2008).
As far as which of the seven technology-based intervention strategies identified by Steenhuis and Vermeer (2009) are most likely to be effective in “real-world” settings, data on merchant and consumer perspectives indicate that of the seven technology opportunities identified above, only improved labeling and reduced energy density are viewed as win-win strategies (i.e., win-win for both merchants and consumers) (Vermeer et al., 2009, 2010b). Improved labeling is viewed by merchants as a way to provide valuable information, despite difficulties with definitions, and is viewed by consumers as a way to obtain readable, visible information. Reduced energy density is viewed by both merchants and consumers as a potential strategy for addressing price value issues. The other strategies are viewed as potentially not being as helpful. For example, simply reducing portion size is viewed as patronizing and freedom-limiting.
However, implementing even the interventions considered most desirable from both a consumer and a merchant perspective in a way that results in positive change will not be an easy task. Fisher described four major challenges to reducing portion size:
1. Portion size norms are inflated. In a survey of 300 chefs, while 76 percent surveyed said that they served “regular” portions, in actuality 83 percent served portion sizes exceeding the USDA standard (Condrasky et al., 2007). Interestingly, Fisher said, the larger portions were more likely to be served by younger chefs (under the age of 51 years), with 90 percent of chefs aged 50 or younger serving portions that exceeded the USDA standard. Fisher remarked that these findings are consistent with other findings showing generational shifts in perception of overweight status, with younger individuals less likely to perceive themselves as overweight (Burke et al., 2010).
3. Consumer information on portion size is difficult to understand. The most recently available NHANES data (2005–2006) show that only 47.2 percent of Americans use serving size information on labels (Ollberding et al., 2010), with those using the information consuming less energy, sugar, and fat. A significant portion of the population has difficulty interpreting consumer information on portion
size (Rothman et al., 2006). Although individuals with low literacy or numeracy appear to have the most trouble, even individuals with higher literacy or numeracy sometimes find the information difficult to interpret. Anecdotally, Fisher remarked that about 19 percent of students failed to correctly answer test questions on portion and serving size in one of her university courses.
4. Asking consumers to exert self-control is not enough. Along the lines of the fourth hypothesis that Mattes put forth during his presentation to explain the current dysregulation of energy balance that seems to be driving the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States (see discussion in preceding section of this report), Fisher remarked that humans have a relatively weak defense against energy surfeit. Accumulating evidence suggests that environmental cues (e.g., portion size, dishware size) can overwhelm the internal biological signals that indicate nutrient sufficiency (Lowe, 2003; Zheng et al., 2009). Given that this may be the case—environmental cues may overwhelm internal hunger or satiety signals—an audience member questioned whether an intuitive eating approach to weight loss, whereby individuals are taught to use hunger and full signals to guide them in consuming the appropriate amounts of food, is therefore an ineffective strategy. Mattes replied that relying on these internal signals is probably the worst way to regulate energy intake; the data show that if food is available and palatable, people will eat more of it than they should based on their energy needs. Barbara Rolls, professor and chair of the nutrition department at the Pennsylvania State University, added that there has been limited research to evaluate whether children can be taught to be more in tune with their satiety cues but that similar studies have not been conducted in adults and more data have to be collected before it can be determined whether the intuitive eating approach is effective or not (Johnson, 2000).
Energy Density, Energy Intake, and Obesity
Although portion size clearly has a powerful effect on energy intake, Rolls put forth the argument that energy density has an even greater effect. In fact, several recent U.S. policy documents, such as the Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines
for Americans 201011 and The Surgeon General’s Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation,12 emphasize the importance of energy density. Additionally, the American Institute for Cancer Research, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other organizations have published materials noting the importance of energy density and its role in weight management. Rolls highlighted key evidence serving as the basis for these and other policy claims around energy density, and she discussed strategies for reducing energy density. This section summarizes her presentation and the discussion that followed.
Effect of Energy Density on Energy Intake
There are two general approaches to studying the effects of energy density manipulation on energy intake: (1) satiety studies involve giving study participants a compulsory first course with a fixed amount of food (the “preload”) and then evaluating the impact on subsequent hunger or fullness and food intake in the next course (the “test meal”); and (2) satiation studies involve evaluating food intake when participants eat as little or as much as they want of the offered foods. Rolls discussed how evidence from both types of studies demonstrates that when palatability is controlled, people tend to eat a similar weight of food regardless of energy density; therefore, when energy density is reduced, for example by incorporating water into a food, energy intake decreases. This is true for both children and adults.
Satiety Studies on the Effect on Energy Intake of Reducing Energy Density
One of the first studies conducted on the effect of reduced energy density on energy intake involved simply increasing the water content of foods. Specifically, Rolls and colleagues (1999) reported that adding water to a casserole preload to make a soup significantly reduced energy intake during a test meal served 17 minutes later. Not only did individuals consume fewer calories after eating the soup preload than after the casserole preload, but they also consumed fewer calories than when they drank 10 ounces of water with their casserole. Rolls explained that it was not just the water that
____________
reduced subsequent intake; rather it was the incorporation of water into the food that made a difference.
In addition to water incorporation, another way to reduce energy density is through aeration. Rolls and colleagues (2000) examined the effect of aerating the preload on subsequent intake and found that increased aeration of blended smoothies (ranging from 300 to 600 mL) was correlated with decreased energy intake in the test meal. In a subsequent study, Bell and colleagues (2003) compared the effects of volume versus calories in order to determine which factor had a greater impact on what is known as sensory-specific satiety, that is, the termination of a meal as a result of food tasting less pleasant as more of it is consumed. When individuals consumed shakes that were increased in volume by the incorporation of water (600 mL), they reported greater reductions in sensory-specific satiety regardless of energy content (either 494 calories or 988 calories) than when they consumed smaller-volume shakes (300 mL, 494 calories). In other words, it was the larger size of the shake—not its calorie content—that made a difference.
An audience member asked about the role of aeration in decreasing the energy density of snacks in particular. Rolls reiterated that several studies with different types of snacks, such as cheese puffs, have shown that aeration leads to lower energy intake. Consumers often adjust their intake somewhat to make up for the aeration but not to a point where they are consuming the same number of calories. However, there are not enough long-term data indicating whether increasing the volume of snacks or any other foods via aeration has any effect on body weight. Mattes added that when manipulating for volume, there may be a potential benefit to simultaneously manipulating foods in ways that affect gastric distention. Otherwise, what looks big on the plate is not so big after it is swallowed. He speculated that if the cognitive response to a larger volume of food could be coupled with the biological volume detector in the body, the effect on energy intake (and possibly long-term body weight) might be more pronounced.
To gain a better understanding of how reductions in energy density impact energy intake in typical eating situations, Rolls and colleagues (2004b) examined the combined effect of reducing energy density and decreasing portion size by serving a salad preload in three different energy densities (0.33 cal/g, 0.67 cal/g, 1.33 cal/g) and two different portion sizes (150 g, or about 1.5 cups; 300 g, or about 3 cups). All combinations of energy density and portion size were tested, enabling the researchers to examine the effect of salads that were sized differently but had the same number of calories (i.e., a 100-calorie, 150 g salad vs. a 100-calorie, 300 g
salad; a 200-calorie, 150 g salad vs. a 200-calorie, 300 g salad). The salad conditions were compared to a condition in which no salad was served before the test meal. The researchers found that energy intake was influenced by both energy density and portion size, with the greatest reduction in intake observed when individuals ate the large low-energy-dense salad (300 g, 0.33 cal/g); they consumed 12 percent fewer calories at the meal than when they ate no salad (p < 0.001). So bigger can be better, Rolls said, with consumption of a large portion of a low-energy-dense food (e.g., a salad or soup) at the beginning of a meal reducing overall meal energy intake. Eating a high-energy-dense salad as a first course, on the other hand, can backfire as an energy intake reduction strategy. When people ate high-energy-dense salads, regardless of size (i.e., either 150 or 300 g salads at 1.33 cal/g), they consumed significantly more calories overall than when they ate no salad with the meal (p < 0.05 for the 150 g salad, p < 0.0001 for the 300 g salad). So large portion sizes alone are not the problem; rather, large portions of high-energy-dense foods are the problem. Rolls observed that although the implications of this finding for weight loss are unknown, the use of large, low-energy-dense salads as a first course is being used as a calorie reduction strategy in weight loss clinics nationwide and is reportedly going very well (i.e., according to anecdotal reports).
Satiation Studies on the Effect on Energy Intake of Reducing Energy Density
Unlike satiety studies, which involve serving a preload and then assessing the effect of the preload on fullness and intake during a subsequent course, satiation studies involve serving test foods and letting people eat as much or as little as they like and then evaluating energy intake. Rolls observed that satiation studies are more difficult to conduct than satiety studies because of the necessity of ensuring that foods in different experimental conditions are matched in terms of taste so that differences in palatability do not confound the results. One of the first satiation studies on the effect of reduced energy density on energy intake involved serving meals with varied energy densities but with the same macronutrient composition (Bell et al., 1998). The researchers reported that increasing the proportion of water-rich vegetables led to a reduction in energy density and that adults ate significantly fewer calories when energy density was reduced, with about a 25 percent difference in energy intake between the low- and high-energy-density groups after two days. There were no reported differences in hunger
or fullness ratings and no evidence of compensation for the reduction in energy intake by an increase in food intake.
Curious about whether the same is true of children, particularly because children are thought to compensate more than adults do, Leahy and colleagues (2008) conducted a similar two-day study in 3- to 5-year-olds involving two different levels of energy density at test meals. However, unlike studies in adults, where all meals were manipulated, the researchers manipulated only breakfast, lunch, and daytime snack (i.e., leaving dinner and evening snack unmanipulated). They reduced the energy density in several ways, such as increasing the proportion of fruits and vegetables (e.g., pureeing vegetables into the pasta sauce), reducing fat, and reducing sugar. The researchers found that reducing energy density did not affect the weight of the food consumed over the course of the two days, which meant that the children were not compensating for the reduced energy intake, and that reducing energy density significantly reduced energy intake by 14 percent (389 calories) by the end of the two days. Although it remains unclear whether this effect would be sustained over a longer period of time, these findings nonetheless suggest to Rolls that reducing energy density in foods served to children is a potentially very powerful way to reduce energy intake. The challenge, she said, is to reach those children who need this type of intervention the most.
Satiation studies have also been used to examine the combined effect of energy density and portion size. Rolls and colleagues (2006b) examined the effects of 25 percent reductions in either energy density and/or portion size over the course of two days, with the energy content of all meals exceeding the energy requirements of the subjects (so participants were not limited in the amount of food that they could consume) (Figure 6). Subjects were tested in all four conditions (i.e., no change in either energy density or portion size; reduced energy density; reduced portion size; reduced energy density and reduced portion size). Energy density was reduced in several ways—for example, by incorporating vegetables into mixed dishes, using less cheese on pizza or reducing the fat content of the cheese, reducing the fat content of salad dressing, and using fruit puree instead of fat in baked goods. The researchers reported that reducing energy density by 25 percent led to a 24 percent reduction in energy intake; reducing portion size by 25 percent led to a 10 percent decrease in energy intake; and reducing both energy density and portion size by 25 percent led to a 32 percent reduction in energy intake. So energy density and portion size each independently reduced energy intake, with energy density reduction having the greater
onstrated that reductions in energy density were associated with weight loss and maintenance (Ello-Martin et al., 2007; Rolls et al., 2005) and that longitudinal studies have shown associations between increased energy density and greater weight gain over 10-year periods (Bes-Rastrollo et al., 2008). Additionally, self-reported data from population-based studies indicate that normal-weight children and adults consume lower-energy-density diets (Johnson et al., 2008a,b; McCaffrey et al., 2008) than obese individuals do and that lower-energy-density diets tend to be higher in nutrient density (Ledikwe et al., 2006).
Strategies for Reducing Energy Intake by Reducing Energy Density
Although there are several ways to reduce the energy density of foods, Rolls remarked that increasing water content—for example, by increasing the proportion of fruits and vegetables—has demonstrated the greatest effect. Recent studies from Rolls’ research group have shown that vegetables can be hidden in many different types of foods, from carrot bread to macaroni and cheese to chicken rice casserole, as a way to reduce energy density while maintaining palatability (Blatt et al., 2011). In fact, both adults and children (3- to 5-year olds) demonstrated a preference for vegetable-enhanced baked goods. In adults, reducing the energy density of main dishes by 15 percent (relative to standard versions) decreased daily energy intake by 6 percent, and reducing the energy density by 25 percent decreased energy intake by 11 percent. Food intake by weight was the same across all conditions, indicating no evidence of compensation. Vegetable-enhanced entrees did not affect the intake of vegetable side dishes; overall vegetable intake increased 49 percent when adults were served main dishes with the 15 percent reduction in energy density and 80 percent when adults were served main dishes with the 25 percent reduction.
Other ways to reduce energy density include increasing volume via aeration, as was done in some of the satiety studies, and decreasing fat content, as was done in some of the satiation studies. As summarized in a later section, Mohan Rao, research and development (R&D) senior director at Frito-Lay, and Elaine Champagne, ARS Food Processing & Sensory Quality research leader, discussed several innovative fat-reducing technologies (e.g., baking, using rice batter instead of wheat batter for frying) and fat-replacing technologies (e.g., replacing fat with fiber) that have been developed or are currently in development.
Food Properties, Satiety, and Energy Intake
Although high protein content, glycemic index, and certain other food properties can reduce energy intake by increasing satiety,13 speaker Mattes argued that the effects are unpredictable and likely to be only modest at best. He reviewed evidence on the association between four food properties (high protein content, glycemic index, high fiber content, food form), satiety, and energy intake. This section summarizes Mattes’ presentation and the discussion that followed.
Effect of a High-Protein Diet on Satiety and Energy Balance
Despite popular claims that protein has a disproportionate influence on satiety compared to other macronutrients, Mattes said that the evidence is mixed. Mattes questioned conclusions by Gardner and colleagues (2007) that the greater weight loss associated with the high-protein Atkins diet, compared to non-high-protein diets, was a result of the greater satiety value of the higher protein content of the Atkins diet. Mattes argued that the only way that the Gardner and colleagues (2007) satiety claim can be true is if participants on the high-protein diet actually reduced their energy intake. However, the data indicate otherwise, that is, no significant difference in energy intake between the high-protein diet and the other diet groups. Although there are published data indicating an effect of protein on satiety, with a higher-protein diet leaving people feeling especially full and some evidence of lower energy consumption with higher-protein diets, a number of studies have shown either that protein has no effect on satiety or energy intake, that protein has an effect on satiety but no effect on energy intake, or that it has an effect on energy intake but no effect on satiety (Eisenstein et al., 2002). According to Mattes, most of the studies that do show a clear relationship between protein, satiety, and energy intake are very short term studies. Most of the long-term studies show a less robust effect or no effect. More recently than the review by Eisenstein and colleagues (2002), Gately and colleagues (2007) reported that serving children attending a summer camp either a high-protein diet or a normal-protein diet resulted in no difference in either satiety or energy intake.
____________
Why is the relationship between high protein content, satiety, and energy balance so unclear? One plausible explanation, according to Mattes, is that the vehicle for conveying the protein may be playing a role. When the same studies reviewed in Eisenstein et al. (2002) are categorized by food type, those involving proteins embedded in solid foods show much stronger associations between protein, increased satiety, and reduced energy intake compared to studies involving proteins embedded in beverages. It is not clear why. Although it has been argued that the weak associations in beverages are likely due to the fact that only so much protein can be put into a beverage, Mattes observed that beverages can in fact have substantial protein loads and that consumption of high-protein beverages may not moderate energy intake. Rumpler and colleagues (2006) compared high-protein beverages (40 g protein per 750 g), high-carbohydrate beverages (113 g carbohydrates per 750 g), and high-fat beverages (50 g fat per 750 g) and found that the average energy intake associated with drinking high-protein beverages over an eight-week period increased over time.
Another plausible explanation for the mixed evidence on the relationship between high protein content, satiety, and energy balance is that the source of the protein makes a difference. For instance, Hall and colleagues (2003) found that whey protein increased satiety and decreased appetite more than equal amounts of casein. However, Lang and colleagues (1998) reported no significantly different satiety ratings or energy intakes among different protein sources (i.e., egg protein, casein, gelatin, soy protein, pea protein, wheat protein). Bowen and colleagues (2006) also found that although the two milk proteins—casein and whey—were observed to increase satiety more than lactose (a milk sugar), all three had essentially the same effect on appetite and energy intake suppression.
Although it is unclear whether protein really has a greater effect than other macronutrients on energy intake by virtue of its effect on satiety, Mattes explained that protein can impact energy balance in other ways—for example, through thermogenesis (i.e., protein requires energy for digesting, absorbing, etc.) and via the retention of lean body mass (which leads to increased metabolism and greater caloric expenditure).
Effect of High-Fiber Foods on Satiety and Energy Intake
As with high-protein foods, there is widespread belief that high-fiber foods can impact satiety and, as a result, energy intake. Indeed, the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines recommend increased fiber consumption partly
because of the purportedly increased satiety value of high-fiber foods (DGAC, 2010). However, again, Mattes argued that the disproportionate effect of high fiber content on satiety and energy balance is unclear. As with protein, the evidence is mixed. As an example of the type of research being cited as showing an association between high-fiber foods and satiety, Tiwary and colleagues (1997) reported significant differences in satiety between individuals served orange juice by itself versus orange juice with pectin, with individuals served the latter reporting higher satiety scores. However, the authors also acknowledged that a number of the participants served the high-fiber orange juice were nauseated and under gastrointestinal distress, which likely explained why they did not want to continue eating. Mattes speculated that results from other studies showing positive effects on satiety and energy intake as a result of high-fiber consumption may similarly be confounded by the fact that very high doses (e.g., the recommended daily allotment: 25–38 g for females and males, respectively) are administered in one meal to participants accustomed to eating a third of this amount in a day to document a proof of principle. This may result in a misleading, non-ecological outcome. As an example of a recent study showing no effect of high fiber content on satiety or energy intake, Willis and colleagues (2010) reported no dose-response difference in satiety or food intake among subjects served 0, 4, 8, or 12 g of mixed-fiber breakfast muffins.
Again, why is the relationship between high fiber content, satiety, and energy balance so unclear? Howarth and colleagues (2001) conducted a literature review of fiber, satiety, and energy intake, categorizing studies by time (shorter or longer than two days) and type of manipulation (mixed fiber, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber) and found about a consistent 10 percent reduction in energy intake. So neither the length of the study nor the type of fiber made a difference. Moreover, Mattes explained, when the studies are categorized by fixed intake (i.e., people were given a fixed amount of food) versus ad libitum intake (i.e., people had some choice about how much they were going to ingest) daily weight loss as a function of added fiber was the same for both, even though studies with a fixed fiber load show a 20 g per day weight loss, on average, compared to a 24 g daily weight loss in the ad libitum intake studies. So regardless of whether individuals were on a fixed- or an ad libitum fiber intake diet, they lost the same amount of weight (2 g per day) for every 1 g of added fiber (average fiber consumption in the fixed load studies was 10 g per day, compared to 12 g per day in the ad libitum studies). Because appetite would be free to exert its effect on intake in the ad libitum trials, but not in the fixed-intake trials, Mattes interpreted this
to mean that there is no benefit in terms of weight loss due to the greater satiety value of increased fiber consumption. People would have to consume significantly more fiber than is feasible in order to see any dramatic difference in weight loss. Again, this does not argue against increased fiber consumption for optimal health, but expectations about the effects on body weight should be realistic according to Mattes.
Effect of Glycemic Index on Satiety and Energy Intake
Like high protein and fiber, glycemic index does not make for a good predictor of satiety either. Jenkins and colleagues (2002) showed that glucose levels quickly peaked but then dropped in individuals served glasses of water with 50 g of glucose per glass. Yet when the same glycemic index load was served to people over the course of 3.5 hours, there was no change in blood glucose levels. So the amount of time that consumers spend eating a product influenced response. In another study (Alfenas and Mattes, 2005), when individuals were served and allowed to eat ad libitum for eight days either all low-glycemic-index or high-glycemic-index foods, no differences were observed in either glycemic or insulinemic response. Nor were any differences in hunger reported. So again, Mattes cautioned that glycemic index is not a useful predictor of energy intake.
Effect of Food Form (i.e., Beverage vs. Solid) on Satiety and Energy Intake
The role of food form in determining energy intake via its impact on satiety is a very controversial topic, with strong views on both sides. Mourao and colleagues (2007) compared identical foods served in either beverage or solid form, with the predominant form of macronutrient being either a carbohydrate (watermelon), a fat (coconut), or a protein (dairy). For all foods, the researchers reported significantly greater energy intake when the foods were consumed as beverages. Thus, Mourao and colleagues concluded that liquid diets pose a greater risk for positive energy balance (e.g., weight gain) because liquids have a lower satiety value than solid foods. In one of the largest randomized controlled trials on food form and energy intake conducted to date, Houchins and colleagues (2011) provided individuals with five servings of fruits and vegetables in either beverage or solid form for eight weeks and reported that although all individuals gained weight over the course of the study (i.e., because adding foods to a diet without displacing other foods increases energy intake), individuals who consumed
their fruits and vegetables in beverage form tended to gain more weight (significantly so in the obese participants), again presumably because of the greater satiety value of the solid foods. Mattes explained that compared to solid foods, beverages have different cognitive effects (i.e., anticipated lower satiety value for a beverage than for a matched solid form, such as apple juice [even correcting for fiber] versus apples), produce different orosensory signals, pass through the gastrointestinal tract faster, elicit different endocrine responses, and are absorbed differently than solid foods, with all of these physiological response(s) to beverages bypassing many of the normal regulatory influences on energy intake.
Consumer Decision Making and Energy Intake
In addition to identifying eating behaviors that serve as good targets for innovative food technology-based obesity prevention and reduction interventions, it is equally important to consider how consumers make decisions about the products that have been altered with those technologies. As speaker David Just, associate professor in applied economics and management and director of graduate studies at Cornell University emphasized, an innovative food technology can be leveraged for obesity prevention and reduction efforts only if (1) a producer actually sells a product that has been improved with the technology, which means that the cost of production needs to be lower than that for comparable products or there has to be some additional value to justify the price premium; (2) consumers actually purchase the product, which means that the product needs to be reasonably priced and similar to or better tasting than comparable products and that consumers need to have a positive perception of the product; and (3) the improvement made possible by the technology is not immiserizing (i.e., does not have unintended consequences), which means that consumers need to understand the improvement in a way that leads to a preference for the product and in a way that does not lead to compensatory behavior.
Deciding what food to purchase or eat is not an individual-level decision. It is part of a game between the manufacturer and the consumer, wherein consumers are not fully aware of their behavior (e.g., they often misunderstand information or misperceive the consequences of consumption) but manufacturers are (as a result of market research, etc.). When new foods are introduced to the marketplace, marketers make the decision about whether to differentiate the new product from other products already on the market. Consumers simply respond to the new product landscape.
Consumers do not always react to prices and nutritional or other information about new products in rational ways; rather than weighing the various consequences of their actions and giving appropriate weight to vague information, most people fall back on habits and heuristic decision making. Just explained that when marketers differentiate between an improved product and the original product that it is replacing by drawing attention to the fact that the new product has certain health benefits, unpredictable behaviors can offset the intended health benefit of the new product. Health-conscious consumers are likely to overemphasize the health benefit of the new product and be willing to pay more than the innovation is really worth. It is also very likely that consumers that purchase the product would exhibit compensatory behavior, depending on the health claim. Narrow health claims (e.g., low fat, low calorie, low sugar) tend to be more distracting than broader health claims, with individuals often eating more than they intend (Wansink et al., 2004). For example, someone may eat more of something that is claimed to be “low fat” or may decide to eat dessert later because she or he ate a low-fat main course earlier. Unlike health-conscious consumers, consumers who associate health with bad taste or otherwise do not recognize the true health benefits of a new product would be much less willing to pay for the improved product and probably would continue to purchase the lower-priced product. Just remarked that many consumers believe that when changes are made to a food—for example, when sugar is reduced or fat removed—the food will not taste as good as the original product. Even when told otherwise, people expect the food to taste different. Wansink and Park (2002) have shown that just the appearance of the word “soy” can lead some consumers to believe that there is a huge difference in taste between soy-based products and other products. Consumers that decide not to purchase the new product would not receive any of the advertised health benefits at all. In summary, with differentiation, neither type of consumer would necessarily derive any benefit from the new product.
If, on the other hand, the marketer decides not to differentiate between the new product and comparable products, such that consumers are unaware of any special benefit of the new product, the marketer would be failing to take advantage of health-conscious consumers’ willingness to pay for the higher-priced product and would earn less profit. All consumers, health conscious or not, would choose the lower-priced product, and the new product would end up disappearing from the market. Again, neither type of consumer would derive any benefit from the new product. So, differentiating between new food products that have been improved through
technology leads to anomalous consumer behavior, with people responding irrationally and with health measures often backfiring. On the other hand, not differentiating between products can lead to a situation in which consumers are not aware of the benefits while producers are not able to capture the profits from those benefits. The only exception, Just explained, would be in the event that the cost of production of the new product was low enough to offer only one product, that is, the new product. In that case, all consumers would purchase the product and benefit accordingly.
Given that neither approach leads to optimal consumption, are there other options? Because more people are likely to benefit from non-differentiation (i.e., if only the new product is offered and the old product is removed from the market), is there a way to make a new product the norm without creating product differentiation? Without profit incentive, what other incentives are there? How can firms be rewarded for innovation? Are there ways to introduce differentiated products without creating these anomalous behavioral responses? Just did not provide answers to these questions.
When asked during the question-and-answer period how convenience impacts consumer behavior, Just replied that even a small change in convenience has a disproportionately large impact on consumer preference. As an extreme example, merely having the lid shut on an ice cream cooler in a store makes a big difference in how much ice cream people purchase. As another example, studies with school children have demonstrated that even a small, 6-inch difference in where milk versus chocolate milk is placed results in 20–30 percent of the children changing their minds about which type of milk to buy.
LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES
Workshop participants described several different types of technologies that have been developed and commercialized for the purpose of providing consumers with foods that can be used for weight loss or maintenance. These include reduced energy dense foods with lower fat or sugar content (see previous section for a summary of the workshop dialogue on the relationship between energy density, energy intake, and obesity); foods that are packaged to make it easy for consumers to control portion size (again, see previous section for a summary of the workshop dialogue on the relationship between portion size, energy intake, and obesity); foods that increase fruit and vegetable intake (Tara McHugh, ARS research leader of the Pro-
cessed Foods Research Unit, mentioned that low fruit and vegetable intake is a key risk factor for several chronic diseases); and foods with increased micronutrient density (as McHugh mentioned, biochemist Bruce Ames has hypothesized that insufficient micronutrient intake may drive overeating). This section summarizes the presentations and discussions that revolved around each of these various categories of technology.
Reducing Calories by Reducing Fat
Although removing or reducing fat content of food products is technologically challenging, it is possible. The challenge is not the actual removal of the fat, rather it is maintaining taste. Food manufacturers and scientists have leveraged several different technologies for removing fat without sacrificing taste. For instance, Rao described Frito-Lay’s development of new mixing, cooking, and frying technologies that led to a 30 percent fat reduction in SunChips (compared to regular potato chips) and the company’s novel heat transfer technology, which led to the creation and commercialization of Baked Lay’s, while Champagne described USDA scientists’ several generations of grain-based technologies for reducing fat (i.e., by replacing fat with fiber and through an innovative low-oil-uptake rice batter). This subsection summarizes their presentations.
Frito-Lay Fat Reduction Strategies for Snack Foods
Initiated in the late 1970s by Frito-Lay’s Lawrence Wisdom, the drive behind SunChips was to reduce fat by at least 25 percent and provide consumers with a snack product that was less energy dense than potato chips and other snack products on the market. It was a lengthy and difficult challenge, one that required new mixing, cooking, and frying technologies. As Rao explained, blending and cooking the four grains that comprise SunChips—whole wheat, whole milled corn, whole oat flour, and rice flour—required a new manufacturing process, which in turn required significant investment and represented substantial risk. Frito-Lay had to invent a new process for making and cooking the multiple-grain dough in such a way that the end product was homogeneous with respect to both composition (of ingredients) and dough properties (e.g., same thickness and crunchiness throughout). This required designing a new type of extruder technology that could mix four different grains, with different properties, and cook them all to the same degree by integrating computa-
tional fluid dynamics modeling into the extrusion process. This ensured that the flow of the food product through the extruder was exactly the same across its entire width so the extruded product had uniform quality in terms of texture, density, etc. Additionally, company scientists had to figure out how to control the fryer to ensure that the end product had, at a minimum, 25 percent less fat than regular potato chips, which required developing a novel type of dynamics matrix control technology—a system for measuring various output variables (e.g., amount of fat, color of chips) and using the information to change relevant input variables (e.g., temperature, length of frying) accordingly. The company ended up exceeding its goal of 25 percent less fat: SunChips contain 30 percent less fat than regular potato chips.
The fat content of Baked Lay’s was reduced through a different set of innovative technologies, all baking-related, not frying-related. Rao remarked that, again, development of the technologies required overcoming significant technological challenges, this time related to heat transfer. He explained that producing a baked potato chip that tastes good (not like cardboard) requires more than just slicing the potatoes and popping them in an oven. During “normal” processing of a potato chip, that is, via frying, heat transfer occurs quickly such that the center of the potato slice rapidly heats up while there is still water present, which makes for a nicely expanded, swollen, puffy chip. In the oven, where heat transfer is much slower, the starch inside the cells in the middle of the slices does not expand in the same way—in fact, it partially gelatinizes. Along with some other changes to the manufacturing process, Frito-Lay had to design an extremely high heat transfer rate oven in order to create a crispy-textured chip.
USDA Grain-Based Technologies for Fat Reduction
Outside of the food industry, USDA scientists have been involved in developing a range of innovative grain-based technologies for fat reduction, including several types of soluble and insoluble fiber fat replacers and a reduced-fat-uptake rice batter.
The Trim soluble fiber fat replacement products, OATrim, Nutrim, and C-Trim, and the insoluble fiber fat replacer Z-Trim, were developed by USDA researcher George Inglett. As Champagne explained, all four products are tasteless white powders, which makes them easy to incorporate into food products; additionally, all are heat stable and therefore suitable for a wide range of cooked or baked foods.
The process for the first-generation fiber-based fat replacer, OATrim, involved alpha-amylase hydrolyzing the starch in oat, barley flour, or bran into a combination of amylodextrins and beta-glucan. The amylodextrins are the actual fat replacers; they create a smooth mouthfeel. The beta-glucan provides beneficial physiological effects, namely a reduction of blood cholesterol. As a dry powder, OATrim contains 4.5 cal/g, compared to 9 cal/g for fat. As a fat-like gel, OATrim contains only 1 cal/g. When OATrim is used as a fat replacer in ice cream, calories of a 4-ounce serving are reduced from 298 to 135, fat is reduced from 22 g to less than 1 g, and cholesterol is reduced from 85 mg to 4 mg. Studies (i.e., the OATrim TRIALS) conducted by ARS researchers Judith Hallfrisch and Kay Behall have demonstrated that in middle-aged men and women with high cholesterol levels, five weeks of an OATrim-enhanced diet (a total of 50 g, or 0.5 cup, per day, added to various foods throughout the day, amounting to one-quarter of all fat in foods being replaced by the OATrim) led to decreased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels (but not HDL [high-density lipoprotein] cholesterol), an improvement in glucose tolerance (reduced insulin, glucagon, and blood glucose levels), weight loss (4.5 pounds on average), and increased satiety (Hallfrisch and Behall, 1997; Hallfrisch et al., 1995; Scholfield et al., 1993). It took five years for OATrim to move from the lab to the market, where it is now labeled as “hydrolyzed oat bran.” Hydrolyzed oat bran is used in a wide range of food products, including pasteurized cheeses, baked products (breads, cookies, and muffins), processed meats, extra lean ground beef, and nutrition bars.
Manufacture of the second-generation product, Nutrim, relies on jet-cooking, instead of alpha-amylase, to produce the same two end products, that is, amylodextrins (the actual fat replacer) and beta-glucan. Like OATrim, Nutrim contains only 4 cal/g, compared to fat’s 9 cal/g. Nutrim has some unique properties that give it a creamy texture and make it a good replacer for dairy and coconut cream. It is used in soups, spreads, and salad dressings and is also sold as a nutraceutical.
The manufacturing process for C-Trim, the most recent soluble fat replacer, relies on a specific sequence of aqueous extraction and jet-cooking steps to produce the same end products, the amylodextrins and beta-glucan, as well as a high proportion of proteins and some bioactive phenolics. C-Trim has some unique properties that give it a very high viscosity and make it a good fat replacer in yogurt, smoothies, baked goods, and chocolates (replacing as much as 25 percent of cocoa butter). It is also sold as a nutraceutical. At 2.5–3.5 cal/g, C-Trim is also less energy dense than either
of the other two (powdered) products. A 4 percent addition of C-Trim to wheat batter can lead to a low-oil-uptake batter (a 40 percent reduction in oil uptake compared to traditional wheat batter).
Insoluble fiber fat replacers are manufactured via a multistage jet-cooking process that chews up the insoluble fiber in the bran or hulls of various grains (oats, corn, rice, wheat, soy) and produces a cellular debris that can have any of a range of textures, from a particle-like structure to a creaminess to a gel. If a 75 kg individual were to consume Z-Trim, a zero-calorie insoluble fiber fat replacer, at the daily recommended amount of fiber and as a one-to-one replacement for fat, he or she would consume 225 fewer calories per day. Champagne suggested that, like C-Trim, insoluble fiber fat replacers not only reduce fat content, but may also increase satiety by virtue of their high viscosity, in this case absorbing 24 times their weight in water. However, insoluble fiber fat replacers are not as effective as soluble fiber fat replacers in improving glucose tolerance.
Reducing fat content through use of a novel low-oil-uptake rice batter represents a very different approach but one with multiple applications, like the TRIM technologies. As Champagne explained, not only does the small starch granule size of rice (3–5 microns) simulate a fat mouthfeel effect, but also its white color and bland taste, combined with the fact that it is hypoallergenic and gluten-free, make it a naturally good fat replacer. Initially, using a traditional wheat flour recipe, USDA chemists developed a rice batter that, because of its gluten-free composition, absorbed only 50 percent of the oil that traditional wheat flour batter absorbs. Gluten’s hydrophobic nature gives it a greater affinity for oil; gluten also has a leavening effect that makes wheat batter more porous, leading to greater moisture release and greater oil uptake. However the initial rice batter, while less absorbent, was also brittle and hard to chew because of its low viscosity. So the scientists tested ways to improve the properties of rice batter by increasing its viscosity; they eventually determined that incorporation of either 3–7 percent phosphorylated rice starch or 3–7 percent pre-gelatinized rice flour into the untreated rice flour enhanced the batter’s water-holding capacity enough to make a batter that not only absorbs 50 percent less oil, or fat, than a wheat-based batter but also is more viscous and easier to chew. In fact, the viscosity of the improved rice batter was even greater than that of wheat batter.
Patented in 2001, the rice batter technology languished for a few years, until a class at Howard County Community College, Columbia, Maryland, adopted the technology in 2006 as part of a class project to determine the feasibility of commercialization. Two years later, a group of students from
the class founded CrispTek, LLC, and licensed the rice batter from USDA. In 2009, CrispTek released its first product, ChoiceBatter, with start-up funding from the Maryland Technology Development Corporation. Initially, ChoiceBatter was sold over the Internet. Today, it is sold in more than 400 grocery stores. A recent economic impact study predicts that sales will increase to $4.7 million by 2014, with 95 new jobs being created as a result of increased production. The batter can be used on chicken, fish, vegetables, etc., and it can also be used to make soups, sauces, and other foods for people on gluten-free diets. Through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with CrispTek, ARS is conducting research to expand application of the technology to pre-breaded frozen food products. As discussed later in this report, CRADA is one of two mechanisms through which manufacturers can partner with ARS to commercialize new food technologies developed by ARS scientists.
Reducing Calories by Reducing Sugar
Although removing fat may seem like the most obvious way to reduce the energy density of foods, given that fat contains more calories per gram (9 cal/g) than any other macronutrient and that fiber, for example, contains only 1.5–2.5 cal/g, energy density can also be reduced by removing or reducing sugar. Removing or reducing the sugar content of beverages provides an especially excellent opportunity, given the increased consumption of sugar-containing beverages over the past several decades (a trend that keynote speaker Foster identified) and given that, as Leahy noted, beverages are essentially the only foods besides chewing gums and some mints that can be calorie-free. The food industry has developed numerous reduced-calorie beverages over the years by reducing or replacing sucrose with no- or low-calorie sweeteners. As a result, Leahy said, the overall mix of beverage products in the marketplace has changed over the past 20 years, with the average caloric density of beverages (calories per ounce) having decreased by 24.4 percent. Most of the change in caloric density (21 percent) has occurred over the past 10 years (Storey, 2010). When the Coca-Cola Company’s first zero-calorie soft drink, TaB, which is sweetened with saccharine, was introduced in 1963, only 1 percent of the company’s trademark product volume was zero-calorie products. When the company’s second zero-calorie soft drink, Diet Coke, sweetened with aspartame, was introduced in 1982, 32 percent of the Coca-Cola trademark product volume was zero- or reduced-calorie products. Finally, when Coke Zero, sweetened with aspartame and
acesulfame K, was introduced in 2005, as much as 41 percent of the Coca-Cola trademark product volume was zero- or low-calorie. Leahy referred to research showing that using low-calorie sweeteners can aid in weight loss and maintenance (Blackburn et al., 1997; de la Hunty et al., 2006; Phelan et al., 2009).
Leahy identified three general types of caloric sweeteners: (1) isolated refined sugars, including sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, glucose, fructose, and maltose; (2) fruit, including apple, grape, pear, and LoHanGuo (monk fruit) concentrate; and (3) other plant parts or products, such as honey, agave, and grain syrups. She identified two general types of no- or low-calorie sweeteners: (1) new and “natural” sweeteners made possible by technological advances, including Reb A (rebaudioside A or rebiana, an extract of Stevia that is based on the purity of one particular glycoside), other Stevia leaf extracts with greater numbers of glycosides, LoHanGuo extract, monatin (from a South African plant), brazzein (a sweet protein from a West African plant), and so forth; and (2) established sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame K, saccharine, and sucralose.
While sweetened beverages provide an important opportunity for sugar reduction technologies to be leveraged for obesity prevention and control efforts, other foods stand to be improved as well. For example, Lydia Midness, vice president of R&D at General Mills, Inc., remarked that General Mills has been working toward reducing the sugar content to less than 12 g of sugar per serving for ready-to-eat cereals being advertised to children. She noted that reducing sugar poses enormous formulation challenges because sugar acts as a bulking agent; when sugar is removed, aeration or other tools need to be used to increase volume.
Using Portion-Controlled Frozen Meals to Reduce Calorie Intake
Reducing the energy density of foods by removing or reducing fats and sugars is by no means the only way to reduce calorie intake. Bolles highlighted key evidence indicating that portion-controlled frozen meals are another effective means of reducing calorie intake. As previously summarized, Foster opined that one of the most promising obesity treatments is portion control, with several studies showing that providing patients with portion-controlled meals is a more effective weight loss strategy than telling patients to keep track of calories. Bolles effectively concurred, stating that the weight loss benefits of including portion-controlled meals as a regular part of one’s diet can be immediate. McCarron and colleagues (1997)
showed that adult males and females who consumed a reduced-calorie diet for 10 weeks centered around frozen meals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner (N = 272) lost significantly more weight (–10.3 vs. –6.8 pounds, p = 0.03) compared to a control group on a reduced-calorie diet without frozen meals (N = 270). More recently, Hannum and colleagues (2004) showed that adult females who consumed a reduced-calorie diet for eight weeks with frozen meals for lunch and dinner (N = 26) lost significantly more weight (–12.3 vs. –7.9 pounds, p < 0.05) than a control group on a reduced-calorie diet without frozen meals (N = 27). Using an identical protocol, Hannum and colleagues (2006) demonstrated similar results for men, with weight loss significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the group consuming frozen meals (N = 25, –16.3 pounds) compared to the control group without frozen meals (N = 26, –11.2 pounds). A longer-term study by Metz and colleagues (2000) also demonstrated that individuals who consumed a reduced-calorie diet utilizing frozen meals for 12 months (N = 120, –12.8 pounds) lost significantly more weight (p < 0.001) than the reduced-calorie diet control group without frozen meals (N = 130, –3.7 pounds).
In 2010, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee conducted a Nutrition Evidence Library-based assessment of the relationship between weight loss and use of portion-controlled frozen meals (DGAC, 2010). A grading system was applied that considered research quality, quantity, consistency, magnitude of effect, and whether the observations could be generalized to the population of interest. These data were ranked as strong, the highest grade within the systematic review process. Recently, ConAgra Foods offered a weight loss program to employees in which 172 participants consumed two portion-controlled frozen or ready-to-eat meals daily from the ConAgra Foods portfolio over the course of four weeks and self-selected for additional foods. Mean weight loss was 7.5 pounds, and a follow-up survey conducted two months later found that 55 percent of the participants had maintained their weight loss and that 26 percent had continued to lose weight. The follow-up success was attributed to lessons learned during the initial program, with 83 percent of participants reporting that the use of frozen meals taught them the principle of portion control. Bolles interpreted these results to mean that not only can portion-controlled, frozen, ready-to-eat meals help people lose weight, but they can also help people to change their behavior by increasing awareness of portion size.
Additionally, Bolles said, portion-controlled frozen meals are an effective way to reduce energy density. ConAgra Food’s frozen meals across the Healthy Choice, Banquet, and Marie Callender’s brands have an energy
density (calories per gram) in the lower quartile of energy density for the entire diet based on data from NHANES (Kant et al., 2008; Mendoza et al., 2007). Furthermore, these meals contain substantially less saturated fat, sodium, and sugar than typical self-selected lunches and dinners as reported in NHANES (ARS, 2010b).
Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have identified low fruit and vegetable intake as a key risk factor for several chronic diseases (FAO-WHO, 2004). Additionally, the Economic Research Service (ERS) of USDA has found that people who eat more fruit servings per day have lower BMIs (the same is not true of vegetables because of the inclusion of French fries as a vegetable) (Biing-Hwan and Mentzer Morrison, 2002). Yet less than 30 percent of Americans eat the recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables (Morales, 2010). In an effort to reduce the risk of obesity by increasing fruit and vegetable intake, in addition to the fat-reducing technologies described by Champagne (and summarized previously), ARS scientists have also been developing a variety of fruit- and vegetable-based technologies designed to make fruit and vegetable consumption more convenient. McHugh provided an overview of the types of products being developed with four of those technologies: forming, extrusion, casting, and coating. (As summarized below, McHugh also discussed a fifth technology, ultraviolet [UV] treatment, and its use in enhancing the micronutrient content of mushrooms and other vegetables.)
Forming Technology and Fruit Bars
ARS scientists developed a novel forming technology to create a 100 percent fruit bar, which Gorge Delights sells as the JustFruit bar, with each bar equivalent to two servings of fruit. Gorge Delights also produces a one-serving bar for school lunch and other programs, as well as organic and fortified versions of the bar. The bar was the product of a partnership between ARS and pear and apple growers who had been having trouble competing in the Oregon and Washington fresh fruit market; the partnership was formed to develop value-added technologies so that growers could continue to sell their fruit. Gorge Delights sold 500,000 bars the first year. The total number of bars sold to date amounts to about 550,000,000. (The
same forming technology is also being used to develop a micronutrient-rich bar. See below.)
Extrusion Technology and Legume-Based Cereals and Snacks
As with fruit, the USDA ERS has found that people who eat more fiber have lower BMIs. In addition to having more fiber, legume-based products also have higher protein content than other extruded snack foods. As a way to increase legume intake, Jose Berrios of ARS and collaborators from Washington State University have been using a novel extrusion technology to develop legume-based breakfast cereals and snack food products.
Casting Technology and Fruit- and Vegetable-Based Films and Sheets
ARS scientists used casting technology to develop films or thin sheets containing 85–90 percent fruits and vegetables, and the service partnered with NewGem Foods (formerly Origami Foods) to transfer the technology into commercialization of a variety of fruit- and vegetable-based nori (sushi wraps) and other products. In 2010, after only 1.5 years of production, the company reported having sold a total of $400,000 worth of wraps, amounting to about 131,555 pounds of fruits and vegetables. According to McHugh, it expects to increase sales to greater than $1 million in 2011.
In collaboration with Mantrose-Haeuser, Dominic Wang and other ARS scientists developed a fruit-based liquid coating technology that contains antioxidants and other compounds for extending the shelf life of fresh-cut produce. Mantrose-Haeuser has commercialized the technology through production of a range of products, including McDonald’s Apple Dippers. McDonald’s sold 54 million pounds of apples during 2005, the first year of production.
Increasing Micronutrient Density
Biochemist Bruce Ames has proposed that overconsumption of macronutrient-rich foods (i.e., high-sugar and high-fat foods)—that is, overeating—may be driven by dietary deficiencies in essential micronutrients and that eliminating these deficiencies could reduce or eliminate overconsumption (Ames, 2006). In collaboration with the Ames research group at Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) in Oakland, California, the ARS is applying the forming technology mentioned above
to develop a novel, micronutrient-rich “obesity prevention” bar. Phase II clinical trials are under way.
In a separate effort to increase micronutrient intake, McHugh and other ARS scientists developed a way to treat mushrooms with UV-B light in such a way that one of the mushroom’s naturally existing compounds, ergosterol, is converted into vitamin D, with 15 seconds of UV-B treatment producing 100 times the current Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) in a single serving of mushrooms. McHugh remarked that application of UV-B technology to mushrooms represents a convenient way to increase vitamin D intake and that the process is being used nationwide by the number one mushroom producer, Monterey Mushrooms, on all of its mushroom varieties. ARS has also partnered with the USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center to study the bioavailability of vitamin D from these mushrooms (compared to bioavailability from capsules) and is using USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture funds to evaluate how the same technology can be used to enhance antioxidant content of carrots and other vegetables.
According to Leahy, food scientists in industry are developing other innovative technologies to enhance vitamin D and micronutrient content and bioavailability in various beverages, including milk. These new technologies include new bioconversion or bioprocessing technologies for adding soluble fibers and increasing nutrient levels; ne
|
|||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 58
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/pizza-pizza-annual-slices-for-smiles-campaign/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 launch 12th annual Slices for Smiles campaign
|
[
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/new-twitter-logo.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/simple/facebook.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/simple/linkedin.png",
"https://restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/instagram.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/themes/restobiz/images/restobiz-logo.svg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SlicesSmiles777x400-777x400.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-23-related-posts-plugin/static/thumbs/8.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-23-related-posts-plugin/static/thumbs/24.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/chudleighs-200x100.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-23-related-posts-plugin/static/thumbs/14.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/cf_portal_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/enews_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/resto_award_badge.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/newissu.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/restobiz_bytes_enews_footer_.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/twitter.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/facebook.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/linkedin.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/instagram.png",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/uploads/media-edge-logo.jpg",
"https://www.restobiz.ca/wp-content/plugins/oiopub-direct/modules/tracker/tracker.php?pids=8|0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"restobiz",
"restaurant news",
"restaurant information",
"running a restaurant",
"canadian restaurant and food service news",
"canadian restaurant news",
"food articles",
"food",
"restaurants",
"drinks",
"menus"
] | null |
[
"Greg Furgala"
] |
2019-05-30T12:34:10+00:00
|
The Slices for Smiles program, which started on May 27th and is now in its 12th year, has returned with a twist.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Restobiz
|
https://www.restobiz.ca/pizza-pizza-annual-slices-for-smiles-campaign/
|
Press Release
The Slices for Smiles program, which started on May 27th and is now in its 12th year, has returned with a twist. Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73’s Slices for Smiles Foundation is on a mission to personally deliver 10,000 slices of pizza to hospitals and local communities across the country in exchange for 10,000 children’s smiles.
Going hand in hand, Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 encourage customers to join the fun, pay it forward and support the campaign by purchasing a small pepperoni Smile Pizza for $4.99 at their nearest participating Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 locations. The Smile Pizza is available for one week only and a portion of the proceeds will be donated to Children’s Miracle Network. Throughout the week, the company is also inviting customers to top-off their orders with a monetary donation that will be directed in its entirety to Children’s Miracle Network.
“I’m always amazed by the power of a smile on a child’s face,” Mark Hierlihy, president and CEO of the Children’s Miracle Network in Canada. “Slices for Smiles is symbolic in this quest for smiles, in that it engages Canadians across the country to enjoy a pizza while helping kids in their local community.”
Similar to past years, a portion of the proceeds from every pepperoni Smile Pizza goes to Children’s Miracle Network Canada and its member children’s hospitals across the country. Funds from each location will stay within the community in which they are raised, and support the nearest Children’s Miracle Network member hospital in that region.
“As a brand we believe in paying it forward. We love our ongoing partnership and commitment with the Children’s Miracle Network, which is why we are kicking off the Slices for Smiles program by donating 10,000 slices to hospitals and communities across the country,” says Alyssa Huggins, VP marketing, Pizza Pizza. “We encourage our customers to continue the momentum and get involved in their local communities by purchasing a Smile Pizza or contributing to the Slices for Smiles Foundation.”
Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 launched Slices for Smiles in 2007, and to date, have raised more than $3 million for children’s causes and Children’s Miracle Network member hospitals across Canada.
For more information on Pizza Pizza’s and Pizza 73’s fundraising initiatives or to make a donation as part of your pizza order, visit pizzapizza.ca and pizza73.com.
About Children’s Miracle Network
Children’s Miracle Network raises funds and awareness for 170 member hospitals, 14 of which are in Canada. Donations stay local to fund critical treatments and healthcare services, pediatric medical equipment and research. Its various fundraising partners and programs support the nonprofit’s mission to save and improve the lives of as many children as possible. Find out why children’s hospitals need community support, identify your member hospital and learn how you can Put Your Money Where the Miracles Are, at childrensmiraclenetwork.ca and on Facebook.
About Pizza Pizza Limited
For over 50 years, Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision of “always the best food, made especially for you”, with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement. With more than 750 locations across Canada, the company is Canada’s pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader, operating two banners – Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 – that deliver quality food choices, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets. Please visit www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com for more information.
About Pizza 73
Established in 1985, Pizza 73 aims to satisfy every customer by providing excellent quality food and true value in a fast and friendly manner. The company is a leader in the communities it serves and offers a broad range of menu items with 20 varieties of specialty pizzas, more than 20 different toppings, four styles of crust (traditional pan, super pan, thin crust and gluten-free), and an assortment of fresh side dishes including chicken wings, boneless wings, wedgies, dipping sauces and salads. Visit pizza73.com for more information.
SOURCE Pizza Pizza Limited
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 14
|
https://forums.egullet.org/topic/163477-sicilian-style-pizza/
|
en
|
Sicilian style pizza
|
[
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2020_09/eG_Full_Logo.png.c557d6173cc2fa4ef03b5da34835bbcb.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2016_03/image.jpeg.5674a9045b44df87a1bdc132d2c55307.thumb.jpeg.1347093b21772fac80bd8af104cf32db.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2016_03/image.jpeg.5674a9045b44df87a1bdc132d2c55307.thumb.jpeg.1347093b21772fac80bd8af104cf32db.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_thanks.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/applications/dp45imageproxy/interface/imageproxy/imageproxy.php?img=https://external-preview.redd.it/eFLeq8VrHK5AdOa4kbxKjc_Bgcju8sOMyaZCAA70Qfc.jpg?auto=webp%26s=516c5dfb445c196421948a0fc1848aebb848669c&key=0b4dadd74325b3476aced084f2a50f31cc7b61f200ab89eb02a0927d3f044322",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_thanks.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/applications/dp45imageproxy/interface/imageproxy/imageproxy.php?img=https://live.staticflickr.com/8434/7853429238_b23c174729_b.jpg&key=fbb507ae50e200fcfa2eae573aa6cca57ee3586c650eaa65c9e98f45b504473e",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/applications/dp45imageproxy/interface/imageproxy/imageproxy.php?img=https://live.staticflickr.com/8434/7853429238_b23c174729_b.jpg&key=fbb507ae50e200fcfa2eae573aa6cca57ee3586c650eaa65c9e98f45b504473e",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/av-6902.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/av-6902.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/236631262_PrinceSt.2018-07.thumb.jpg.ece2f0257d2b285af56943c7047b14ea.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/emoticons/smile.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/D386474E-DB62-4B74-B03D-F0857B5273C7.thumb.jpeg.fbde39254a9f0c9053196f4565df308b.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/D6077077-BA12-49A5-ACC2-C895A9FB178C.thumb.jpeg.dce95dd9443d5117cda1a0da51ac0eed.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/028541EC-3DE8-42E2-B5E3-ACAF4FEFDC00.thumb.jpeg.c0dbf62499d5739a8c6a40974b73dec3.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/1DE4DC1A-5D9E-409A-B5CE-3402EEA5BC59.thumb.jpeg.521d010e8d6166ec5c029e040de52d72.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2021_12/596BDD97-1459-4849-8C51-9A9FFACF58D8.thumb.jpeg.c2d52ba61478c35be882592a132067ba.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/emoticons/smile.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_like.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/emoticons/smile.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2020_11/avitarDillbert.thumb.jpg.51c02f876851c651fee0eb62cdaa11a5.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2020_11/avitarDillbert.thumb.jpg.51c02f876851c651fee0eb62cdaa11a5.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/reactions/react_thanks.png",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2016_03/image.jpeg.5674a9045b44df87a1bdc132d2c55307.thumb.jpeg.1347093b21772fac80bd8af104cf32db.jpeg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/av-68597.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/av-34972.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/av-6902.jpg",
"https://forums.egullet.org/uploads/monthly_2024_07/imported-photo-107304.thumb.png.89244330c0347b67d1f4888ac71538a8.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Bread"
] | null |
[
"Matthew.Taylor"
] |
2021-12-11T20:43:14+00:00
|
Ok, I don’t know how many of you are from around Cincinnati or Southern Ohio, but there’s a restaurant called Adriatico’s here that I’m a big fan of. It’s most well known dish is what is called “Sicilian crust” pizza. It’s basically a thicker crust, crunchy on the outside and soft inside. I asked...
|
en
|
eGullet Forums
|
https://forums.egullet.org/topic/163477-sicilian-style-pizza/
|
3 hours ago, Matthew.Taylor said:
That looks a whole lot like the pizza there! Judging by what pizza sauce they serve with their breadsticks, I believe the sauce is tomato paste based, so that’s something I know. I found a recipe for a focaccia type pizza dough, and I’ve heard Adriatico’s referred to that for awhile. It may be awhile before I can test it (I work a lot of overtime, and come home late a lot), but these are all good ideas. Thanks very much!
Adriatico's is not a focaccia type of dough. It's going to have much less water than a focaccia- and there's a really good chance that it will use stronger flour as well. Also, while there's nothing wrong with Grandma or Detroit style pizza, Adriatico's isn't Grandma or Detroit either.
It is a little Prince Street Pizza-ish, which is what Kenji was trying to replicate in the Serious Eats recipe posted above. Had Kenji actually succeeded in making his clone, that might have been a good jumping off point for you, but, unfortunately, Kenji being Kenji, he misses the mark entirely.
I've been doing a little more digging. In Adriatico's FAQ, it says that pizzas take "20-30 minutes to prepare and cook on average." That doesn't give us an exact bake time, but it helps.
I'm beginning to get a sense of where to start with an Adriatico's clone, but, I'd rather not guess at things (like flour) that you might be able to figure out with a trip there. One other important piece of reconnaissance you can do would be to buy a dough ball. Most pizzerias will sell dough, on it's own. Hopefully, they do as well.
Everything hinges on how far down the rabbit hole you want to go. If you really love Adriatico's and want to invest time and energy recreating it at home, I can help you get there. But if you just want to be able to make a good square slice, without getting into too much complexity, then I think Detroit might be the way to go. It won't have Adriatico's crunchy exterior, but it will still be pretty good. Another option might be an existing Prince Street clone- created by someone that actually knows how to make pizza. But that might get a bit more involved than Detroit.
It all depends on how serious you are about recreating Adriatico's and how much time you're able to put into it.
Edited December 12, 2021 by scott123 (log)
13 hours ago, Matthew.Taylor said:
Oh I definitely want to recreate it, buying a dough ball never crossed my mind when I was there last. 20-30 minutes, huh? I wonder if that includes making the dough?
My time is rather limited at the moment though, due to heavy seasonal overtime at work, but I’ll put in what time I can. Any help you can give will be appreciated.
The 20-30 minutes definitely doesn't include making the dough. Dough takes a while. It has to mix, and then proof. The vast majority of pizzerias don't proof the dough for very long, but it's almost always at least an hour. Making the dough in the morning, and then having it available throughout the day is pretty common. If a place is churning out an extraordinarily high number of pies, then they might make multiple batches of dough during the day. Pan pizza typically has an extra proof in the pan. Even that's not included in the 20-30 minutes. The 20-30 minutes is most likely just for topping and baking.
I'm about 98% certain that Adriatico's is using the same dough for all their pizzas. When you ask for the dough ball, if they just give you dough, you might ask if it's the bearcat (large sicilian) dough or if it's for NY. They might then confirm that it's all the same- which, to an extent, helps a little bit.
Pictures help. Photos of the dough ball, if you can get a closeup/macro of their crumb (cross section of a slice), that will tell us a bit about the dough. If you can film yourself stretching the dough into the pan, that would be nice. Definitely weigh the dough. Also, you'll need to get the dimensions of the pizza so you can get the right size pan.
When you go, look for bags of flour. From photos, it doesn't look like the kitchen is exposed, but they might store the flour someplace visible. Go to the bathroom. Sometimes you can catch a glimpse of things on the way to the bathroom. See how accessible the dumpster is. Pizzerias have been known to get angry at folks looking through their trash, so this is something you want to be careful about, and, if it's not accessible and/or you feel like there's a chance you might get caught, then don't do it. Occasionally, though, folks have clocked dumpsters and found various refuse to the side or the covers have been open and the contents were fairly quickly and easily identified. Obviously, bring your camera
As I said before, Prince Street is probably going to be pretty close, and, fortunately, Prince has had a lot of exposure over the years. I'd take a look at these videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVoEzahr_QU (Do not follow the presenter's recipe, just watch the stuff they film in the pizzeria).
This shows you the pan (they call it iron, but it's a steel pan), it shows him stretching the dough, and it shows how they proof the dough in the pan- and how the dough looks after it's been proofed.
This gives you another glimpse:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEJLHopLTCc
Other than Kenji's ill fated attempt, there really is no existing recipe. This covers some fairly broad strokes:
https://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php?topic=59014.0
Obviously, once you have something Prince-ish, it will need tweaking to make it more Adriatico's-ish, but Prince is a good starting point.
But, first, recon. They might not sell dough, the kitchen/flour might be entirely closed off and the dumpster could very well be off limits. If you strike out completely, it's not the end of the world, but, recon is absolutely worth a shot.
16 hours ago, Matthew.Taylor said:
The flour they use is All-purpose
Are you certain? Was this something a waitperson told you or did you catch a glimpse of a bag of flour?
Did you inquire about buying dough?
There's two seeds at the bottom of the photo of the sauce. Also, in the pizza photos there's the occasional fleshy bit of non-paste tomato. In NY, a few places will combine paste with canned tomatoes. This could be what Adriatico's is doing. If it is a combo, it might also be cooked. Cooking is a lot of labor, so you don't find it that often, but, some places cook their sauce.
Are you sure that the dipping sauce is the same sauce that's on the pizza? It's hard to tell, but, it almost appears like the sauce on the pizza might be a tiny bit wetter. I've seen places in my area that will give you a different sauce for dipping than they do for the pies- the dipping sauce is usually more of a pasta sauce.
Really nice photos.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 43
|
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pizza-pizza-royalty-corp-announces-second-quarter-2024-results-830734815.html
|
en
|
PIZZA PIZZA ROYALTY CORP. ANNOUNCES SECOND QUARTER 2024 RESULTS
|
[
"https://www.newswire.ca/content/dam/newswire-ca/Cision_logo_navy_orange.svg",
"https://www.newswire.ca/content/dam/newswire-ca/cisionreversed_logo.svg",
"https://rt.newswire.ca/rt.gif?NewsItemId=C3887&Transmission_Id=202408071700CANADANWCANADAPR_C3887&DateId=20240807"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp."
] | null |
[
"Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp"
] |
2024-08-07T17:00:00-04:00
|
/CNW/ - Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. (the "Company") (TSX: PZA), which indirectly owns the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, released financial results...
|
en
|
/content/dam/cision/icons/favicon.png
|
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pizza-pizza-royalty-corp-announces-second-quarter-2024-results-830734815.html
|
TORONTO, Aug. 7, 2024 /CNW/ - Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. (the "Company") (TSX: PZA), which indirectly owns the Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 Rights and Marks, released financial results today for the three months ("Quarter") and six months ("Period") ended June 30, 2024.
Second Quarter highlights:
Same store sales(2) decreased 3.9%
Royalty Pool sales decreased 2.0%
Adjusted earnings per share(5) decreased 3.3%
Restaurant network increased by five net locations
Year-to-Date Quarter highlights:
Same store sales(2) decreased 1.3%
Royalty Pool sales increased 1.0%
Adjusted earnings per share(5) was consistent to the comparable period
Restaurant network increased by ten net locations
Royalty Pool of restaurants for 2024 increased by 31 restaurants on January 1, 2024
"With our high quality, value-oriented menu offerings, we are well positioned to retain existing, and win new customers, including those who are more discerning with their spend in this challenging economic environment", said Paul Goddard, President and CEO of Pizza Pizza Limited ("PPL"). "Our national footprint across Canada and omni channel presence provide customers with unmatched convenience to experience our brands; and with over 25 new restaurants opened in Canada so far this year, and another two in Mexico, we are scaling for growth."
SALES
Royalty Pool System Sales for the Quarter decreased 2.0% to $155.4 million from $158.5 million in the same quarter last year. By brand, sales from the 672 Pizza Pizza restaurants in the Royalty Pool decreased 2.8% to $133.8 million for the Quarter compared to $137.7 million in the same quarter last year. Sales from the 102 Pizza 73 restaurants increased 3.3% to $21.5 million for the Quarter compared to $20.8 million in the same quarter last year.
Royalty Pool System Sales for the Period increased 1.0% to $304.3 million from $301.2 million in the same period last year. By brand, sales from the 672 Pizza Pizza restaurants in the Royalty Pool increased 0.3% to $262.1 million for the Period compared to $261.3 million in the same period last year. Sales from the 102 Pizza 73 restaurants increased 5.7% to $42.1 million for the Period compared to $39.9 million in the same period last year.
For the Quarter and Period, the change in Royalty Pool System Sales is primarily driven by the new restaurants added to the Royalty Pool on January 1, 2024 and the same store sales. The Royalty Pool System Sales for the Period also benefitted from the extra day of sales in February 2024 due to the leap year. Additionally, while the number of restaurants in the Pizza 73 Royalty Pool remains less than 2019 when there were 104 restaurants, the negative impact on Royalty Pool System Sales due to prior year restaurant closures has been mitigated by the Make-Whole Carryover Amount.
SAME STORE SALES GROWTH ("SSSG")
SSSG, the key driver of yield growth for shareholders of the Company, decreased 3.9% (2023 – 13.6%) for the Quarter, and decreased 1.3% for the Period. SSSG is not affected by the additional day during the year, as SSSG is calculated using a 13-week comparative basis.
SSSG is driven by the change in the customer check and customer traffic, both of which are affected by changes in pricing and sales mix. During the Quarter and Period, the average customer check increased as the brands passed along retail price increases. Consistent with the general market trends, at both brands restaurant traffic decreased due to the current economic situation and its impact on consumer discretionary spending.
MONTHLY DIVIDENDS AND WORKING CAPITAL RESERVE
The Company declared shareholder dividends of $5.7 million for the Quarter, or $0.2325 per share, compared to $5.4 million, or $0.22 per share, for the prior year comparable quarter. The payout ratio is 109% for the Quarter and was 95% in the prior year, comparable quarter.
The Company declared shareholder dividends of $11.4 million for the Period, or $0.465 per share, compared to $10.6 million, or $0.4325 per share, for the prior year comparable period. The payout ratio is 115% for the Period and was 99% in the prior year, comparable period.
The Company's policy is to distribute all available cash in order to maximize returns to shareholders over time, after allowing for reasonable reserves. Despite seasonal variations inherent to the restaurant industry, the Company's policy is to make equal dividend payments to shareholders on a monthly basis in order to smooth out income to shareholders.
The Company's working capital reserve, excluding the credit facility, is $6.8 million at June 30, 2024, which is a decrease of $1.4 million in the Period due to the decrease in royalty income and the 115% payout ratio. System sales for the quarter ended March 31 have generally been the softest and historically results in a payout ratio over 100%. The reserve is available to stabilize dividends and fund other expenditures in the event of short- to medium-term variability in System Sales and, thus, the Company's royalty income. The Company has historically targeted a payout ratio at or near 100% on an annualized basis.
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")
Fully-diluted basic EPS decreased 3.3% to $0.233 for the Quarter compared to the prior year comparable quarter.
As compared to basic EPS, the Company considers adjusted EPS(5) to be a more meaningful indicator of the Company's operating performance and, therefore, presents fully diluted, adjusted EPS. Adjusted EPS for the Quarter decreased 3.3% to $0.238 when compared to the same period in 2023, and was consistent at $0.469 for the Period.
RESTAURANT DEVELOPMENT
As announced earlier this year, the number of restaurants in the Company's Royalty Pool increased by 31 locations to 774 on the January 1, 2024 Adjustment Date, and consists of 672 Pizza Pizza restaurants and 102 Pizza 73 restaurants. The number of restaurants in the Royalty Pool will remain unchanged through 2024.
During the Quarter, PPL opened six traditional and eight non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants, and closed one traditional and eight non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants.
During the Period, PPL opened eight traditional and 17 non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants, and closed three traditional and 13 non-traditional Pizza Pizza restaurants. PPL also opened one non-traditional Pizza 73 restaurant.
PPL management expects to grow its traditional restaurant network by 3-4% and continue its renovation program through 2024.
Readers should note that the number of restaurants added to the Royalty Pool each year may differ from the number of restaurant openings and closings reported by PPL on an annual basis as the periods for which they are reported differ slightly.
CREDIT FACILITY
On June 19, 2024, in response to the cessation of the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate ("CDOR"), the benchmark interest rate on bankers' acceptances, the credit facility was amended. The amendment transitioned the $47 million term loan from bankers' acceptances to CORRA loans. The remaining terms and conditions are consistent with those of the previous credit facility. The fixed interest rate on the swaps remained unchanged with this amendment, and the effective interest rate remained at 2.685% for the Quarter and Period.
As it is the Company's practice to renegotiate the terms of its credit facility approximately one year in advance of its maturity, it intends to renegotiate the credit facility that matures in 2025 in late 2024. The Company expects the new facility to be similar in size, however at higher interest rates as compared to its existing facility.
SELECTED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables set out selected financial information and other data of Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp. ("PPRC" or the "Company") and should be read in conjunction with the June 30, 2024 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company ("Financial Statements"). Readers should note that the 2024 results are not directly comparable to the 2023 results due to there being 776 restaurants in the 2024 Royalty Pool compared to 743 restaurants in the 2023 Royalty Pool.
A copy of the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") will be available at www.sedarplus.ca and www.pizzapizza.ca after the market closes on August 7, 2024.
As previously announced, the Company will host a conference call to discuss the results. The details of the conference call are as follows:
A recording of the call will also be available on the Company's website at www.pizzapizza.ca.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this report, including information regarding the Company's dividend policy, its ability to meet covenants and other financial obligations, and the potential business and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, PPL and its franchisees and restaurant operators and their ability to achieve their business objectives, constitute "forward-looking" statements, which involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. When used in this report, such statements include such words as "may", "will", "expect", "believe", "plan", and other similar terminology in conjunction with a discussion of future events or operating or financial performance. These statements reflect management's current expectations regarding future events and operating and financial performance and speak only as of the date of this MD&A. The Company does not intend to or assume any obligation to update any such forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable securities laws. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. The following are some factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or underlying such forward-looking statements: changes in national and local business and economic conditions including those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (such as customers' ability and willingness to visit restaurants and their perception of health and food safety issues, discretionary spending patterns and supply chain limitations, and the related financial impact on PPL and its franchisees and restaurant operators), impacts of legislation and governmental regulation, accounting policies and practices, competition, changes in demographic trends and changing consumer preferences, and the results of operations and financial condition of PPL. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other information included in the foregoing MD&A, the PPL financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related MD&A and the Company's Annual Information Form.
www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com or www.sedarplus.ca.
Exhibit One: Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures
The Company's earnings, as presented under IFRS includes non-cash items, such as deferred tax, that do not affect the Company's business operations or its ability to pay dividends to shareholders. The Company believes its earnings are not the only, or most meaningful, measurement of the Company's ability to pay dividends or measure the rate at which the Company is paying out its earnings. Therefore, the Company reports the following non-IFRS measures:
Adjusted earnings available for distribution to the Company and PPL;
Adjusted earnings from operations;
Adjusted earnings available for shareholder dividends;
Adjusted earnings per share ("EPS");
Payout Ratio; and
Working Capital.
The Company believes that the above noted measures provide investors with more meaningful information regarding the amount of cash that the Company has generated to pay dividends, and, together with Interest Paid on Borrowings and SSSG, help illustrate the Company's operating performance and highlight trends in the Company's business. These measures are also frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of issuers in the Company's sector, particularly those with a royalty-based model. The adjustments to net earnings as recorded under IFRS relate to non-cash items included in earnings and cash payments accounted for on the statement of financial position. Investors are cautioned, however, that this should not be construed as an alternative to net earnings as a measure of profitability. The method of calculating the Company's NI 52-112 non-IFRS financial measures: Adjusted earnings available for distribution to the Company and Pizza Pizza Limited, Adjusted earnings from operations, Adjusted earnings available for shareholder dividends, Adjusted EPS, Payout Ratio, Working Capital, Interest Paid on Borrowings and SSSG for the purposes of this MD&A may differ from that used by other issuers and, accordingly, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers.
The table below reconciles the following to "Earnings for the period before income taxes" which is the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with IFRS:
Adjusted earnings available for distribution to the Company and Pizza Pizza Limited;
Adjusted earnings from operations; and
Adjusted earnings available for shareholder dividends.
The Basic EPS and the Adjusted EPS calculations are based on fully diluted weighted average shares, and both include PPL's Class B and Class D Exchangeable Shares since they are exchangeable into and economically equivalent to the Shares. See "Adjusted EPS".
Adjusted EPS is calculated by dividing Adjusted earnings from operations, as explained above, by the fully diluted weighted average shares.
Payout Ratio is a non-IFRS financial measure that does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. The Company presents the Payout Ratio to illustrate the earnings being returned to shareholders. The Company's Payout Ratio is calculated by dividing the dividends declared to shareholders by the adjusted earnings from operations, after paying the distribution on Class B and Class D Exchangeable Shares, in that same period.
Working Capital is defined as total current assets less total current liabilities. The Company views working capital as a measure for assessing overall liquidity and its ability to stabilize dividends and fund unusual expenditures in the event of short- to medium-term variability in Royalty Pool System Sales. During the Period, the borrowings of $47 million have been reclassified to current liabilities as the facility is scheduled to come due in April 2025. Excluding the impact of the borrowings, the working capital reserve would be $6.8 million as compared to $8.2 million at December 31, 2023. The use of the working capital during the Period relates to the payout ratio of 115%.
SSSG is a key indicator used by the Company to measure performance against internal targets and prior period results. SSSG is commonly used by financial analysts and investors to compare PPL to other QSR brands. SSSG is defined as the change in period gross revenue of Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 restaurants as compared to sales in the previous comparative period, where the restaurant has been open at least 13 months. Additionally, for a Pizza 73 restaurant whose restaurant territory was adjusted due to an additional restaurant, the sales used to derive the Step-Out Payment may be added to sales to arrive at SSSG. It is a key performance indicator for the Company as this measure excludes sales fluctuations due to store closings, permanent relocations and chain expansion.
The following table calculates SSSG by reconciling Royalty Pool System Sales, based on calendar periods, to PPL's 13-week sales reporting period used in calculating same store sales.
SOURCE Pizza Pizza Royalty Corp.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 5
|
https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/about/customer-stories/pizza-pizza.html
|
en
|
Trend Micro (US)
|
[
"https://www.trendmicro.com/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/core/images/logos/tm-logo-red-white-t.svg",
"https://www.trendmicro.com/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/core/images/console-images/navigation/trend-vision-one-laptop-console-nav.svg",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/asrm-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/xdr-product-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/xdr-product-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/cloud-one-workload-security-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/cloud-one-container-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/cloud-one-file-storage-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/xdr-product-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/sps-mobile-security-enterprise-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/xdr-product-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/zero-trust-access-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/email-security-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/xdr-product-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/all-products-console-shot?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp-alpha",
"https://trendmicro.scene7.com/is/image/trendmicro/logo_pizza-pizza-large?scl=1.0&qlt=95&fmt=webp"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"user protection",
"google cloud",
"deep security",
"public cloud",
"retail",
"pci",
"north america",
"hospitality",
"customer success",
"hybrid cloud security"
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza Pizza is one of the largest quick-service pizza restaurant brands in Canada.
Founded in Toronto in 1967, Pizza Pizza rapidly expanded throughout Ontario.
In 2007, Pizza Pizza acquired the Pizza 73 brand in Alberta, which significantly
increased the number of its restaurants. The company opened its first location in New
Westminster, British Columbia in 2018, marking the start of the franchise’s planned
expansion across the greater Vancouver area.
|
en
|
/content/dam/trendmicro/favicon.ico
|
www.trendmicro.com
|
https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/about/customer-stories/pizza-pizza.html
|
Pizza Pizza is one of the largest quick-service pizza restaurant brands in Canada. Founded in Toronto in 1967, Pizza Pizza rapidly expanded throughout Ontario. In 2007, Pizza Pizza acquired the Pizza 73 brand in Alberta, which significantly increased the number of its restaurants. The company opened its first location in New Westminster, British Columbia in 2018, marking the start of the franchise’s planned expansion across the greater Vancouver area.
The company currently has more than 700 Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 locations across Canada, both as franchises and as joint ventures with individual store owners. An innovative company that uses wind and solar power for its data centers, Pizza Pizza strives to maintain a state-of-the-art technical environment across all locations.
Pizza Pizza is dedicated to providing its customers with excellence in customer service—and that means processing orders quickly and accurately while ensuring that customer data is protected. In 2007, Pizza Pizza’s IT team began to see a growing number of virus attacks in other organizations and wanted to ensure they had a solution to protect their systems. At the same time, Pizza Pizza customers were beginning to adopt smartphones, and the company wanted to expand its ecommerce channel to give patrons an easy way to place orders via mobile devices. With this new channel and the growing number of threats, the company was under increasing pressure to ensure that every transaction that passed through its system was secure.
In addition, Pizza Pizza noticed that its incumbent security solution was consuming a significant amount of bandwidth. When the solution updated, it created a bottleneck that occasionally prevented orders from going through. “It was not a viable solution,” said Amar Narain, chief information officer and vice president of information technology at Pizza Pizza. “We needed something that worked and that didn’t add risk to our business.”
Trend Micro’s forward-looking security and its uniquely efficient approach to updates are a winning combination for Pizza Pizza. In 2007, Narain needed a new security solution to protect the company without interfering with the processing of orders. Staying current on updates was crucial for security, but those updates could not slow down the system. “Trend Micro’s solution is the one that stood out,” said Narain. “Instead of tying up bandwidth by pushing an update to five different computers in the store over one link, the Trend Micro™ OfficeScan™ solution (now Trend Micro Apex One™ solution) pushes the update to just one computer, and then that one pushes it to the rest of the computers in the store.”
When Pizza Pizza began exploring the cloud in 2017, Narain and his team again looked to Trend Micro. They toured Trend Micro’s offices and research labs and were impressed with what they saw. “What we really like about Trend Micro is that they look ahead,” said Narain. “They look at where security is going and how it’s evolving. It gives us confidence in their solutions.”
What we really like about Trend Micro is that they look ahead. They look at where security is going and how it’s evolving. It gives us confidence in their solutions.
Pizza Pizza deployed OfficeScan to its endpoints across the enterprise in 2007 and has been using it ever since. OfficeScan’s blend of machine learning and threat protection techniques eliminates the company’s security gaps across any user activity and any endpoint. It constantly learns, adapts, and automatically shares threat intelligence across the environment. “OfficeScan gives us peace of mind, knowing that all our stores are protected,” said Narain.
Narain’s positive experience with OfficeScan led him to turn again to Trend Micro for server protection with Trend Micro™ Deep Security™ solution in 2018. Deep Security automatically and virtually patches server, cloud, virtual desktop, and application vulnerabilities. “Our Trend Micro proof of concept was a success,” said Narain. “With Deep Security, we know threats are being caught and patches are being applied proactively.”
Since implementing OfficeScan and Deep Security, Pizza Pizza’s IT systems have not been compromised, even as monthly reviews reveal that they are receiving more spam, viruses, phishing emails, and malware than ever before. “We see these threats, but they are taken care of by Deep Security before they can do any damage,” said Narain. “That extra security on appliances and servers means that nothing is making its way to the server.”
Trend Micro solutions push software updates and security patches to franchises simultaneously to ensure that all stores are up to date. The IT team can verify the updates on a single console, so they know that all their stores always have the best possible protection. “I would highly recommend Trend Micro, based on my positive experiences,” said Narain. “They have all the pieces we require in a security solution.”
Narain and his team have been busy rewriting Pizza Pizza’s ecommerce and retail back end onto Google Cloud Platform, using microservices for rapid implementation. “We want the benefits of the cloud, such as scalability, flexibility, and agility,” he said. “Trend Micro security will play a big role in that effort, helping the company ensure that all data is protected both in and out of the cloud.”
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 78
|
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/07/30/1390188/0/en/Pizza-Pizza-Celebrates-Halifax-Expansion-with-City-Wide-Pizza-Party.html
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Celebrates Halifax Expansion with City-Wide Pizza Party
|
[
"http://www.marketwire.com/library/20120729-K0C2466_preview.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"CPimages"
] | null |
[
"CPimages"
] |
2012-07-30T00:00:00
|
Halifax expansion reflects national plan for sustainable growth based on quality, service, innovation and strong local partnership...
|
en
|
/Content/logo/favicon.ico
|
GlobeNewswire News Room
|
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/07/30/1390188/0/en/Pizza-Pizza-Celebrates-Halifax-Expansion-with-City-Wide-Pizza-Party.html
|
TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - July 30, 2012) -
Editors Note: A photo associated with this press release is available on the Canadian Press picture wire via Marketwire.
Pizza Pizza Limited, the Canadian-based and homegrown leader in the pizza sector since 1967, held a city-wide pizza party this weekend in Halifax to celebrate the continued growth of its presence in the port city - an expansion that has seen four locations, which are owned and operated by the Halifax-based Grafton Connor Group, and one non-traditional counter open up in the past two years. The newest location, 4 Forest Hills Parkway, opened on June 26th.
"We're going into year three of our partnership with the Grafton Connor Group, and it has already resulted in four solidly-performing locations," said Pat Finelli, Chief Marketing Officer of Pizza Pizza. "In the Grafton Connor Group, we've found a professional and motivated partner that lives by our core values of innovation, customer service, quality and community. That means the world to us and suggests a very promising future for Pizza Pizza in the region. We are thrilled with our relationship to date."
In 2010, Pizza Pizza announced a deal that gave Grafton Connor Group the rights to expansion in the region.
"We were looking for a pizza partner that had a strong history, solid track record and a commitment to the region," said Gary Muise, Vice President of Operations at the Grafton Connor Group. "We placed our trust in Pizza Pizza and did so in the confidence that a continued expansion will offer tangible benefits to customers, the local economy and broader community."
Since embarking on a national expansion plan in 2009, Pizza Pizza has succeeded in establishing a growing presence across the country. In just three years, the company has added 18 locations, primarily in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Quebec and Nova Scotia. The company's growth plans always include local sponsorships, seasonal community fundraisers and strong promotions with schools, local businesses and other catering customers.
Pizza Pizza's Halifax offering is similar to its menu in other provinces, with slight nuances. In addition to chicken bites, wings, salads, pasta, panzerottis and classic, signature and create-your-own pizzas, the Halifax locations also feature donairs, a favorite local specialty. Donair options include a pita format with diced onions, tomatoes, donair sauce and seasoned beef on a warm pita, or in pizza format with sliced tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, red onions, donair sauce and the same seasoned beef, but on a classic dough recipe.
For more information on franchising opportunities at Pizza Pizza, visit www.pizzapizza.ca.
About Pizza Pizza Limited
Founded in 1967, Pizza Pizza Limited is Canada's pizza pioneer and one of the country's most successful quick service restaurant chains. With its Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 banners, the company offers a broad range of menu items that include hot and fresh pizza, gluten-free pizza, chicken wings, chicken bites, family-sized pasta, shrimp and salads. The company is guided by a mission to provide the "best food, made especially for you" with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continual innovation and local partnerships - its core values. Visit www.pizzapizza.ca and www.pizza73.com for more information.
About Grafton Connor Group
The Halifax-based Grafton Connor Group is a 35 year old, locally owed Food & Beverage company that owns and operates numerous restaurants and popular venues in the Halifax area including The Fishermen Restaurant & Grill, The Grafton Street Dinner Theatre, Cheers, The Esquire, Sunnyside and several other bars and restaurants throughout Nova Scotia.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 95
|
https://www.tiktok.com/discover/pizza-73-canada
|
en
|
Make Your Day
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 20
|
https://nj1015.com/soul-food-restaurant-chain-looks-to-expand-in-new-jersey/
|
en
|
Soul food restaurant chain looks to expand in New Jersey
|
[
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2018/08/nj1015b2.png",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2022/10/attachment-Cornbread-Soul-5-feat.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/08/attachment-Eddie-Izzard-in-NJ.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/08/attachment-Newark-2.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/08/attachment-Work-from-home.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/08/attachment-NJ-construction-company-owner-busted-for-tax-evasion.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2023/01/attachment-Thomassal-Watkins-1.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/07/attachment-NJ-accused-killer-accomplice-posed-with-mans-corpse-prosecutors-say-OCPO-Google-Maps-Canva-Townsquare-Media-Illustration.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/07/attachment-NJ-love.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/07/attachment-Untitled-design-2024-07-26T134312.512.jpg?w=980&q=75",
"https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2024/06/attachment-NJ-athletes-head-to-Paris-summer-Olympics-2024-Kiran-Ridley-Getty-Images-Canva.jpg?w=980&q=75"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"cornbread farm to soul",
"soul food restaurants in new jersey",
"soul food restaurants",
"maplewood",
"newark",
"deminski & doyle",
"talking about ..."
] | null |
[
"Bill Doyle"
] |
2022-10-20T13:29:31+00:00
|
Cornbread Farm to Soul has restaurants in Maplewood and Newark and they are looking to grow.
|
en
|
https://townsquare.media/site/385/files/2020/05/favicon.ico
|
New Jersey 101.5
|
https://nj1015.com/soul-food-restaurant-chain-looks-to-expand-in-new-jersey/
|
There aren’t many soul food restaurant chains in the US, but there is a burgeoning one with two locations in New Jersey and plans to add more.
Cornbread Farm to Soul has restaurants in Maplewood and Newark and, according to ROI-NJ.com, they are looking to grow.
They also have a location in Brooklyn.
Their signature cornbread.
This is how the website explains the business:
We are a fast-casual farm-to-table restaurant focusing on authentic savory soul food and the use of innovative technology to provide a unique and family friendly dining experience. We’re proud to source all of our ingredients from local farmers and shops. Our food is always fresh because we prepare our meals around the clock with great love and care.
The chain was founded by two women, Adenah Bayoh and Elzade Smith, and now they are offering franchise opportunities;
“I want to bring a franchise opportunity to everyone, especially to give the change for minorities and women to run a restaurant they will be proud of. We are dedicated to helping future franchisees feel the love customers give us every day as we prepare our chicken, fish and amazing turkey wings from our heart and soul,” Bayoh said.
Their baked mac and cheese.
Their menu features things you would expect at a soul food restaurant: collared greens, fried chicken, fried catfish and whiting, ribs, black eyed peas and, of course, cornbread.
Fried catfish, cornbread, and baked mac and cheese.
Chicken and waffles
Opinions expressed in the post above are those of New Jersey 101.5 talk show host Bill Doyle only.
You can now listen to Deminski & Doyle — On Demand! Hear New Jersey’s favorite afternoon radio show any day of the week. Download the Deminski & Doyle show wherever you get podcasts, on our free app, or listen right now.
Click here to contact an editor about feedback or a correction for this story.
50 Most Popular Chain Restaurants in America
YouGov investigated the most popular dining brands in the country, and Stacker compiled the list to give readers context on the findings. Read on to look through America's vast and divergent variety of restaurants—maybe you'll even find a favorite or two.
NJ words that should be added to the dictionary
13 words submitted by Steve Trevelise's followers for inclusion in the Dictionary — because somebody's got to explain New Jersey to the rest of the country.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 59
|
https://www.qsrmagazine.com/story/the-2024-qsr-50-fast-foods-leading-annual-report/
|
en
|
The 2024 QSR 50: Fast Food’s Leading Annual Report
|
[
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/QSR-lg-black-320w.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/juiceitupceosusantaylor-300x175.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/peopleeatingtacos-stock-300x200.jpeg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Envysion_hero_1200x800-300x200.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/webinar-300x71.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/pizza-300x91.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/qsr-logo-dark.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/qsr-logo-light.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/QSR_EvolutionEvent_logo_black_red_small-300x56.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/QSR-Uncut-logo-626x500-1-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-qsrTop50-cover-sized-231x300.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/McDonaldsSign-552x312.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/McDonaldsSign.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/StarbucksSCPeak-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BajaBlastTacoBell-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/BKint5-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/panerastore-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/sonicgroovyfries-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/jackinthebox-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/raisingcanes-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/JerseyMikesSandwiches-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/bojanglesprototype-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ShakeShack-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/freddysburger-1024x597.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/auntieannesconfettipretzelnuggets.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/QSR-Uncut-logo-626x500-1.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/mug-clock-icon.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/tacobellaidrivethru-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/mug-clock-icon.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/qsr-logo-light.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/fsr-logo-white.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/QSR_EvolutionEvent_logo_white-1.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/nextgen-logo-white.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/wtwh-media-logo-white.svg",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/pmq-pizza-grey.png",
"https://www.qsrmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CSD-QSR.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Danny Klein"
] |
2024-08-05T11:52:27+00:00
|
The quick-service industry has entered a key turning point in the post-COVID environment. After a few years of big-time operators claiming customers understand inflationary prices, that tolerance has seemed to dissipate quickly. In response, restaurants have scrambled to roll out value deals to win back the price-conscious customer. However, chains also note that value isn’t […]
|
en
|
QSR Magazine
|
https://www.qsrmagazine.com/story/the-2024-qsr-50-fast-foods-leading-annual-report/
|
The quick-service industry has entered a key turning point in the post-COVID environment. After a few years of big-time operators claiming customers understand inflationary prices, that tolerance has seemed to dissipate quickly.
In response, restaurants have scrambled to roll out value deals to win back the price-conscious customer.
However, chains also note that value isn’t just about price—there’s abundance, quality, innovation, and the dining experience must be considered. This is particularly true of brands like Shake Shack or Chipotle, which aren’t planning to get into any discounting war with fellow fast-food chains. There is reason to believe customers may gravitate toward the fast-casual environment, given the increased prices from fast-food companies and trade-down from more expensive casual-dining restaurants.
CHECK OUT THE CHARTS
Chicken
Sandwich
Burger
Pizza
Global
Snack
The Recap
The Top 50
The Contenders
Check out the FSR 30
Check out the 2023 QSR 50 rankings
No matter how this new normal shakes out, the real winners will be the ones listening to the needs and wants of the customer. The pandemic may be over, but the challenges and pursuit for greatness never cease.
McDONALD’S
McDonald’s is the biggest restaurant chain in the U.S. in terms of systemwide sales, and industry onlookers should expect that to continue in the future, with the gap possibly becoming wider. McDonald’s is planning an aggressive expansion, intending to grow to 50,000 restaurants globally by 2027. This growth includes 1,000 new openings annually across the U.S. and international markets, supported by a robust investment in digital, delivery, drive-thru, and development initiatives. The company is heavily banking on its digital ecosystem, planning to increase its active loyalty users to 250 million and boost annual systemwide sales to $45 billion through loyalty members by 2027. Additionally, McDonald’s is implementing technological advancements such as “Ready On Arrival” to streamline order preparation and improve customer experience.
Last year also saw the unveiling of CosMc’s, a new small-format restaurant focused on customizable beverages like specialty lemonades, teas, and cold coffees. The first location opened in Bolingbrook, Illinois, with plans for nine more by the end of 2024. CosMc’s offers unique food items and classic McDonald’s treats, targeting the afternoon “3 p.m. slump.” This pilot will help McDonald’s explore the growing $100 billion specialty beverage market, with potential for broader expansion if successful.
COME NETWORK WITH INDUSTRY LEADERS IN ATLANTA: The QSR Evolution Conference will gather some of the biggest names in quick service this September, and you’re invited!
In May, the chain revealed that it will invest hundreds of millions in a new digital marketing strategy, shifting focus from traditional media to grow MyMcDonald’s Rewards and digital ordering. Starting in 2025, U.S. franchisees will contribute 1.2 percent of digital sales to a new digital marketing fund. This investment should increase personalized customer experiences and improve e-commerce capabilities. Also, McDonald’s is expanding its outside partnerships. The fast-food giant will roll out Krispy Kreme doughnuts nationwide after a successful test in Kentucky. McDonald’s will offer three varieties—Original Glazed, Chocolate Iced with Sprinkles, and Chocolate Iced Kreme Filled—available via in-store, drive-thru, and mo-bile app orders.
2. STARBUCKS
By net unit growth, Starbucks expanded by the most locations of any restaurant chain in America last year—just as it did the prior calendar. The java chain’s U.S. store count has widened by 902 (473 this recent stretch) from the start of 2021 to the close of 2023. After Subway, which retracted some 7,000 restaurants since early 2016, Starbucks is easily the second-largest brand in the U.S. at 16,346 shops year-end 2023. McDonald’s is next at 13,457. Given Subway slid 443 units to 20,133 in 2023, there is a path for Starbucks to become the No. 1 figure within the next few years.
However, Starbucks’ growth is just one side of the story today. The other is a challenged dynamic that pulsed in Q2 2024 with the chain’s worst traffic performance (negative 7 percent) outside of the pandemic or Great Recession. Starbucks has a lot of changes underway with CEO Laxman Narasimhan at the reins, who began his tenure last March. Mainly, they center around digital engagement, like opening the app for all—not just loyalty members—while making mobile order and pay available in places outside the app; continued beverage and product innovation (“pearls” were scheduled to arrive in summer); and technology and equipment ties-ins to improve throughput and make it easier to execute inside units, such as the “Siren system,” Clover Vertica machine rollout, and “Deep Brew” AI expansion. There are broader efforts in motion, too, from trying to convey value to Starbucks’ “occasional customer” to shoring up the supply chain so high-demand products don’t go dry. Sizable shifts to Starbucks’ rewards platform are underway as well following a 4 percent decline on a sequential basis of 90-day active domestic members in the quarter. The 33-million member group, starting in May, began to see more exclusive in-app offers and upgrades to wait time algorithms. The decision to open it up came in July. Narasimhan also suggested there was an opportunity for Starbucks to expand dayparts, better serve peak morning demand, court families and kids, and ramp up late-night business.
A telling picture of some of the setbacks in Q2 flashed with mobile order and pay, which represented 31 percent of all transactions that quarter. The company witnessed a mid-teens percent order completion rate within the channel, meaning guests put items into their cart but decided not to hit send, “citing long wait times of product and availability.”
Overall, Starbucks, while scaling bigger than ever and solidifying its footprint of the future—more drive-thrus—there’s a hill to climb operationally and from a guest and value perception front, both through social media chatter in recent months and the need to reengage loyalty users.
3. CHICK-FIL-A
During the pandemic, Chick-fil-A’s busy drive-thrus became a subject of social media lore of sorts. Not just how packed they were, but also the efficiency and creativity with which operators flowed cars through the line. Multiple-lane setups and employees walking through lines of cars brought the spotlight to an already industry-high standard. It evolved through check-point systems of hospitality, workers greeting and engaging with cars multiple times en route, to consistent, accurate food and customer service in line with what guests at the counter were used to receiving. In fact, per Datassential’s Top 500 re-port, Chick-fil-A topped the firm’s consumer perception rankings across all 500 brands, from fine dining to midscale sit-down concepts. At 72 percent, Chick-fil-A tied Texas Roadhouse. At 73 percent, it was the No. 1 chain for “experience,” besting Ruth’s Chris Steak House and Texas Roadhouse, each scoring 70 percent. These anecdotal points translated to sales in a massive fashion. Chick-fil-A continues to grow across all fronts. In 2023, its drive-thru locations averaged $9.275 million, up from $8.51 million the prior year and $8.142 million the year before that. The top store made $19.094 million in 2023, which is more than the average sales take of a Cheesecake Factory, Outback Steakhouse, and Cracker Barrel, combined. As for broader sales, Chick-fil-A exited 2023 with total revenue and income of $7,888,050,586. A year ago, it was $6,373,786,108; and $5,764,153,899 in 2021. Chick-fil-A in 2022 approached the $19 billion mark in total systemwide sales as it closed with $18.815 billion (a sizable year-over-year jump from $16.674 billion the previous calendar). The brand soared past that milestone in 2023 to $21,585,752,000.
Chick-fil-A also sped up net unit growth to 141 stores. In the past two years, it was 100 and 102, respectively.
Going forward, it’s bankable Chick-fil-A will continue strengthening its core efforts while also looking toward accelerated expansion in Canada and Puerto Rico, as well as other potential markets.
4. TACO BELL
While many fast-food brands are looking to win back guests that have fallen off amid soaring costs for food away from home, is flexing its strong value muscle to attract and retain wallet-conscious guests.
U.S. systemwide sales crossed $15 billion for the first time in 2023, with comps up 6 percent and AUVs increasing 10.5 percent to $2.1 million. The chain managed to deliver 24 percent margins while still leading the quick-service industry in several key performance indicators. Restaurants in low-income areas outperformed the rest of the system. The value menu—tweaked to be $3 and under—over-indexed compared to the testing stage. Around a third of Taco Bell’s sales are now flowing through digital channels, thanks to in-store kiosks that finished rolling out across the entire footprint last year alongside a substantial lift in active loyalty members. The chain is ramping up excitement for loyalty guests this year by introducing a new product every five weeks. That’s twice the rate of 2023.
The past few years have seen Taco Bell upgrade its tech stack with a new POS system and an automated inventory management tool. The pace of digital evolution isn’t slowing down anytime soon. The brand recently onboarded the Yum! Commerce Platform, an omnichannel engine that is expected to increase digital order capacity tenfold. The new system also is playing into the value proposition by accelerating viral promotions. Additionally, Taco Bell is integrating into Yum’s consumer data insights system and expanding its pilot of AI voice technology in the drive-thru.
The chain netted 207 new units in the U.S. and 139 new units in international markets last year. It ended 2023 with 7,405 domestic and 1,159 international restaurants for a total of 8,564.
5. WENDY’S
Wendy’s has seen huge steps in its digital and drive-thru operations. A $100 million plan was unveiled to build its breakfast and digital business, which should boost customer engagement through product innovation and value offers. Additionally, Wendy’s is piloting drive-thru automation using AI technology to improve service levels and accuracy.
Leadership changes have also been made, with Kirk Tanner from Pepsi being appointed CEO. In May, the chain named Abigail Pringle president, U.S., and E.J. Wunsch president, International. Pringle, who joined Wendy’s in 2002, previously served as president, international and chief development officer. Wunsch, who joined in 2016, was chief legal officer and has extensive international experience. Tanner believes these dedicated roles will drive growth in sales, digital initiatives, and new restaurant development.
However, Wendy’s faced challenges with its dynamic pricing strategy, which led to negative media reactions and a subsequent need for damage control. The company clarified that its pricing model was not equivalent to surge pricing. Another big goal for the company is accelerating global unit expansion. The chain wants to achieve over 2 percent growth in 2024 and 3-4 percent in 2025. Franchisees are incentivized to open new stores due to better returns compared to older restaurants. The cost to build a Global Next Gen prototype is $1.9 million, similar to the cost eight years ago. Wendy’s build-to-suit pro-gram offers a levered return in about 3.5 years. Approximately 70 percent of Wendy’s future growth is anticipated to occur outside the U.S., with a particular focus on the U.K. The brand hopes to expand to 45-50 units in the market by the end of 2024, with a long-term goal of reaching 400 stores in the region.
6. DUNKIN’
Dunkin’ is officially back on a steady growth trail after retracting by a net 547 units in 2020—a number heavily influenced by the closure of 450 Speedway stores. Since being acquired by Inspire Brands, along with Baskin-Robbins, for $11.3 billion at the end of 2020, the brand has scaled by 161, 126, and 210 locations, respectively. Dunkin’s average-unit volumes also climbed to $1.3 million last year, up from $1.2 million, and the brand has asset evolution on the mind, as well as continued international whitespace (there are roughly more units in Saudi Arabia than there are west of the Mississippi). Inspire, which also owns Sonic Drive-In, Jimmy John’s, Arby’s, and Buffalo Wild Wings, recently unveiled a “Universal Modular” design that could be fitted to any of its brands. It’s built off-site and stood up quickly and at a better ROI than traditional boxes. Additionally, the company is exploring co-location opportunities that can capture transactions with shared resources, such as cross-trained staff and equipment. There’s a Dunkin’-Jimmy John’s combo on Georgia Tech’s campus in Atlanta, for instance. Another vision of what’s potentially ahead is a Dunkin’-Buffalo Wild Wings GO (the counter-service iteration of the sports-bar chain) side-by-side operation debuted by a franchisee in Florida. The operator was a legacy Dunkin’ franchisee who decided to sign up with Buffalo Wild Wings and took advantage of a lease ending next door to his Dunkin’. As it has been for years, Dunkin’ also remains ahead of the pack with modern builds, including a 1,000-square-foot or so drive-thru-only concept that features multiple lanes, of which one serves order-ahead app business. They can be outfitted with a walk-up window as well. All told, Dunkin’s innovation DNA remains a physical and product strength.
7. BURGER KING
Burger King has been actively transforming its operations and strategy to regain market prominence. The chain has focused on remodeling and refranchising efforts, notably through the acquisition of its largest franchisee, Carrols Restaurant Group, for $1 billion. This transaction intends to remodel 600 stores and refranchise them to smaller, local operators to improve performance and community connection. This shift is part of a broader strategy to modernize U.S. restaurants and lift franchisee profitability.
The remodels play into Burger King’s new “Sizzle” prototype restaurant design, which focuses on a modern, efficient guest experience with kiosks, double-lane drive-thrus, and optimized kitchen layouts. The $400 million “Reclaim the Flame” initiative wants to refresh existing locations and encourage franchisees to adopt the Sizzle design, which is ex-pected to become the standard for new builds and remodels. The plan emphasizes digital ordering capabilities and stream-lined operations to increase customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. In April, Burger King announced it will invest an additional $300 million in its modernization plan to update 85-90 percent of U.S. locations by 2028. The brand’s strategy includes remodeling existing structures, converting single drive-thrus to double lanes, and introducing advanced kitchen equipment to boost sales and traffic.
Most importantly for Burger King, franchisee EBITDA is growing. Average profitability per restaurant increased nearly 50 percent in 2023, from $140,000 to over $205,000. The near-term goal is to reach $300,000 per store.
8. SUBWAY
The biggest industry M&A blockbuster in some time closed in April with Subway’s sale to Roark Capital, a firm that backs giants Inspire Brands and GoTo Foods. Reports put the deal at about $9.6 billion—the largest transaction since Inspire’s $11.3 billion acquisition of Dunkin’ and Baskin-Robbins. What’s to come for Subway under Roark’s direction remains a story in flux. But the chain did join on a hot streak. Last year, according to Subway, it experienced positive global net growth for the first time since 2016, mostly thanks to international expansion. Although Subway’s U.S. count has shed about 7,000 venues since that time, it is headed in the right direction. The brand closed a net of 1,043 shops in 2021, 571 in 2022, and 443 in 2023. Even so, there are about 37,000 Subways through more than 100 countries. Globally, it’s the third-largest concept behind McDonald’s and Starbucks. The chain inked roughly 15 major franchise deals over the last couple of years, resulting in over 9,000 restaurant commitments spanning Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
As it has for years, Subway’s update to a contemporary “Fresh Forward” image anchors progress. More than 18,000 units worldwide were revamped as of February, including 12,000-plus in North America. A record 4,000 remodels finished in the region last year. Subway’s global same-store sales hiked 6.4 percent in 2023, year-over-year, including 5.9 percent in North America, with the top 75 percent (a whopping 17,000 restaurants) up 10.1 percent.
Subway also said it exited 2023 with 12 straight quarters of positive comps. Global and North America digital sales lifted double-digits thanks to Subway MVP Rewards improvements and menu innovation. Subway Sidekick desserts were recently introduced as well as a fresh lineup of signature wraps on a new lavash-style flatbread.
Subway has also begun to welcome well-funded franchisees with multiple brands to join its network, allowing them to acquire stores from existing franchisees and expand into profitable markets. This marked a departure from its traditional approach, which previously aimed to be the sole concept within a franchisee’s portfolio.
9. CHIPOTLE
Chipotle has undertaken several initiatives to develop its operations and expand its reach. The fast casual marked its first new country entry in a decade by opening a restaurant in Kuwait. This expansion is part of a partnership with Alshaya Group, which plans to open additional locations in Dubai and other parts of the Middle East. To support innovation and growth, Chipotle doubled its venture fund to $100 million. This fund wishes to invest in areas such as supply chain improvements, agriculture, restaurant innovation, and automation. Notably, the brand has been testing a robotic digital makeline and the “Autocado,” a robot designed to streamline avocado processing.
On the workforce front, Chipotle introduced new benefits tailored to its predominantly Gen Z employees. These benefits include a student loan retirement match program and access to a high-tech Visa card for credit building. The company also launched a hiring campaign, looking to add 19,000 employees in preparation for its busiest season. Additionally, Chipotle appointed Ilene Eskenazi as the new chief human resources officer to drive these initiatives. The company also grappled with the effects of California’s minimum wage hike, raising menu prices at several locations to offset increased labor costs.
One big move was the announcement of a 50-for-one stock split to make its shares more accessible to a broader range of investors. Another was the closure of its virtual brand, Farmesa, to refocus on core business operations. Farmesa, which operated out of a ghost kitchen, was shut down after Kitchen United shuttered its Santa Monica location.
10. DOMINO’S
Domino’s has focused on several key strategies and initiatives to drive growth and upgrade its market presence. In late 2023, the pizza company released its “Hungry for More” plan covering food, operational improvements, better value, and enhanced profitability for franchisees. The framework looks to capture $7 billion in incremental sales in the next five years and reach-ing close to 50,000 restaurants globally in the longer term. The strategy includes increasing annual global retail sales growth to 7 percent from 2024-2028 and boosting net unit growth to 1,100 stores per year. Domino’s projects that it will reach over 7,700 U.S. locations and 18,500 international stores by 2028. The company also plans to boost franchisee profitability, targeting 8 percent annual operating income growth.
To provide greater value for customers, Domino’s signed a global deal with Uber Eats and Postmates to offer third-party delivery. The partnership aims to address delivery challenges and attract new customers. Domino’s drivers handle deliveries and customers can still use the Domino’s Tracker through the Uber Eats app. The deal marks a strategic shift for Domino’s, which had previously resisted third-party delivery services. Additionally in 2023, Domino’s launched a revamped loyalty program offering more opportunities for customers to earn and redeem points. The chain also introduced new menu items, including Pepperoni Stuffed Cheesy Bread and Loaded Tots, marking a notable step in innovation.
Domino’s franchisees are seeing financial gains, with average EBITDA per unit rising from $139,000 in 2022 to $162,000 in 2023, and targeting over $170,000 in 2024. The company emphasized franchisee success by adding over 60 new U.S. operators in 2023, the highest in 15 years, and maintaining a strong pipeline of future restaurateurs.
11. PANERA
Panera is focusing on corporate restructuring, financial maneuvers, and innovative partnerships as it prepares to go public. Panera Brands, which includes Panera Bread, Caribou Coffee, and Einstein Bros. Bagels, confidentially filed for an IPO, targeting a public market debut in 2024. This move is part of a broader strategy to improve its financial performance and market position. In preparation for the IPO, Panera undertook substantial corporate restructuring, including laying off 17 percent of its corporate staff. This reduction aimed to streamline operations and improve efficiency. Additionally, the leadership team saw significant changes, with Paul Carbone appointed as CFO, bringing extensive experience from his tenure at Dunkin’ Brands, and former Krispy Kreme CEO Michael Tattersfield being named new chairman.
Earlier this year, Panera launched its largest menu update in history, introducing nine new items and enhancing 12 existing favorites. The revamped menu features soups, salads, sandwiches, and mac and cheese with larger protein portions and lower prices. New items include the Tomato Basil BLT and Ranch Cobb Salad, all priced under $10. The changes should simplify operations and improve customer experience by focusing on core offerings. Panera will also offer exclusive pre-views to MyPanera members before the public launch.
The fast casual also cut Charged Lemonades, which are the target of multiple lawsuits involving the death of customers. Low-sugar and low-caffeine drinks will replace the beverages.
12. PANDA EXPRESS
Panda Express has focused on partnerships, product innovations, and community initiatives. The brand collaborated with NRG, a major gaming company, to integrate its offerings with the popular game Rocket League, emphasizing the social nature of both gaming and dining. It also partnered with “Hot Ones” to launch a new limited-time dish, Blazing Bourbon Chicken. The fast casual reintroduced its popular Firecracker Shrimp for a limited time and celebrated with special culinary dinners in Los Angeles and New York. Additionally, it launched Chili Crisp Shrimp, a new entrée inspired by Sichuan cuisine, offering a blend of spicy and crunchy flavors. A major milestone was the introduction of the Apple Pie Roll, the first dessert item in the company’s history, celebrating its 40th anniversary.
13. PIZZA HUT
Pizza Hut’s U.S. division added a $7 Deal Lover’s menu to win over price-conscious customers last year. It also extended operating hours to attract more late-night traffic. In 2022, it made itself available on third-party delivery platforms, brought back the fan-favorite Big New Yorker Pizza, and launched a line of handheld sandwiches designed for individual meal occasions.
Those menu innovations and efforts to expand access to guests have helped the needle on a quarterly basis. Still, domestic system sales haven’t grown much year-over-year coming out of the pandemic. Pizza Hut’s U.S. division earned $5.6 billion in 2023, a slight uptick from $5.5 billion in 2022 and 2021 and $5.4 billion in 2020. The international division has fared better. System sales increased 6 percent and 8 percent in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Meanwhile, the development engine has been gaining steam. Pizza Hut is fast approaching 20,000 units around the world. Globally, it grossed almost 1,600 new stores in 2023—a new record for the company. Seventy-three markets contributed to brand development, including 900-plus locations across China, India, Turkey, Japan, and Canada. Stateside, the company netted 32 units, pushing its domestic foot-print to 6,593 restaurants.
Pizza Hut kicked off a wide-ranging digital transformation five years ago when parent company Yum! Brands started deploying a suite of new tools across all of its businesses—everything from enhanced loyalty and POS systems to automated inventory and delivery sequencing platforms. Now, it is entering a second chapter aimed at leveraging the immense data assets generated from those tools. Pizza Hut recently integrated into a new U.S. cross-brand customer data platform that paves the way for personalization opportunities on digital channels. It also is tapping into the Yum! Global Data Hub, which captures a majority of global transaction-level sales data plus other operational and guest metrics.
14. SONIC DRIVE-IN
Sonic’s U.S. unit count slid 25 stores last year after retracting by six the prior calendar. The year before that, it grew 26 and was riding a two-year same-store sales bump of 25.8 percent as its “car picnic” strength fit the landscape. The brand has settled into a more “normal” operating environment since, yet continues to refine its approach. Owner Inspire Brands shared a blueprint earlier in the year where a site that would have only housed a Sonic before could be rethought to include a Jimmy John’s on the same parcel of land. Inspire also opened a Sonic without seating last year in Cornelia, Georgia, which represented both the brand’s first drive-thru-only build and Inspire’s debut Universal Modular.
Following a November organizational realignment that focused Inspire’s business on three key segments—brands, commercial and company restaurants, and growth—Sonic is now overseen by chief brand officer Scott Murphy, who previously served as head of beverage & snacking and Dunkin’s president. Murphy directs all of Inspire’s chains—a move that company said would maintain each brand’s distinctive positioning, but also facilitate better coordination among the concepts and the company’s overall shared services platform. Jim Taylor, the brand president of Sonic who came over from Arby’s, reports to Murphy.
Of course, through these adjustments, Sonic’s menu cadence is as vibrant as ever, from Black Slush Floats (in honor of the solar eclipse) to Groovy Fries (the first fries update in more than 10 years, featuring a Groovy Sauce), to pulled pork items that hit stores in January.
15. POPEYES
Popeyes has focused on monumental growth and changes. RBI, the parent company of Popeyes, set a target to open 800 new locations across the U.S. and Canada by 2028, increasing the total store count from 3,400 to over 4,200. This expansion strategy also includes entering new international markets such as Italy. These efforts hope to bolster the brand’s global footprint, which has already seen considerable growth, with Popeyes now present in nearly 40 markets worldwide. Financially, despite some setbacks like the bankruptcy of a 17-unit franchisee, Popeyes has demonstrated strong performance. The chain has experienced consistent positive same-store sales growth, supported by successful product launches and promotions, including the reintroduction of Ghost Pepper Wings. Popeyes hopes to increase average franchisee profitability to $300,000 per unit by 2025, up from $245,000 in 2023.
Menu innovation continues to play a crucial role, with the permanent addition of wings and marketing efforts like the brand’s first Super Bowl ad, which have boosted customer engagement and visibility. Operationally, Popeyes is implementing a multi-year plan known as “Easy to Love,” directed at simplifying operations for franchisees and employees, enhancing guest satisfaction, and optimizing kitchen processes. This plan includes adopting best practices from international markets and focusing on modern and convenient restaurant designs.
Additionally, RBI appointed Jeff Klein as president of Popeyes U.S. and Canada, succeeding Sami Siddiqui. Klein, who joined Popeyes as CMO two years ago, brings 25 years of marketing and consumer insights experience. Previously, he was CMO for Little Caesars Pizza and held senior marketing roles at PepsiCo, including SVP and CMO for PepsiCo Foodservice.
16. KFC
Choppy consumer demand and growing competition in a crowded category are taking a bite out of KFC’s domestic business. The chain has pulled a few different levers to attract guests, leaning deeper into value promotions, rolling out a steady stream of new menu items, and introducing its first rewards program. But traffic remains a challenge.
“The KFC brand in the U.S. has been struggling,” Yum! Brands CEO David Gibbs said during the company’s Q1 earnings recap this spring, hinting at work that’s going on behind the scenes to “boldly reset the brand.” He didn’t offer details on what that work looks like but said the playbook takes a cue from the brand’s international division.
While KFC has been losing share in the U.S. and shrinking its domestic footprint, a completely different story is playing out overseas, where the brand’s strength is hard to match. Internationally, comps lifted 9 percent in 2023, while the U.S. rose 2 percent. System sales hiked 14 and 2 percent, respectively. The company opened a record high of 2,267 new stores across 96 countries in 2023. That put its total footprint outside of the U.S. at 26,109 stores. More than 80 percent of that came from 15 publicly traded franchisees. Among those was Yum! China, which crossed 10,000 KFC stores in Q4, with nearly 40 percent of them built in the past three years. The company kicked off 2024 by crossing the 30,000-unit threshold with an opening in Rome, Italy. Long-term, KFC sees an opportunity to reach 50,000 worldwide.
The company had 3,971 domestic stores at the end of 2023. After seeing U.S. net positive growth in 2021 for the first time in 17 years, it shuttered a net of 162 restaurants combined in 2022 and 2023.
17. DAIRY QUEEN
Dairy Queen’s global footprint collected record-breaking sales for four years, culminating in $6.37 billion in 2023 (world-wide). There are now 7,500 restaurants in 20 countries for the Minneapolis-based concept. While Dairy Queen’s unit count declined by 32 in the U.S. last year, system sales bumped from $4.579 billion to $4.968 billion—a reflection of newer, more modern facilities that provide franchisees the opportunity to more efficiently process additional transactions. The chain, whose vast majority of stores in the U.S. and Canada serve full hot food and treat menus (chicken strips, burgers, fries/onion rings, and treats), closed 2023 with AUVs of $1.168 million, up from $1.063 million the year before.
In April, Dairy Queen made two key hires. It tapped Jane Friedrich as EVP, research and development, where she’ll set the strategic vision and lead a team to R&D ingredients and menu items, while overseeing food safety, quality, and regulatory standards. She arrived from Cargill, where she spent more than 20 years. The company also brought in Gregg Benvenuto as vice president of franchise development in the U.S. and Canada. His resume includes stops at Dine Brands, Papa Murphy’s, and The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, as well as time as a franchise business consultant at Yum! Brands.
18. ARBY’S
The brand that started Inspire (Arby’s Restaurant Group acquired Buffalo Wild Wings in February 2018 to kick things off) had held steady in recent years. It expanded by six units in 2022 before retracting by two this past year. And Arby’s average-unit volumes climbed to $1.4 million from $1.3 million during that span. There have been some offbeat marketing activations of late, too, including a Horsey Sauce inspired by Beyoncé and merchandise celebrating the release of “GOOD BURGER 2.”
19. JACK IN THE BOX
Jack in the Box opened 20 new restaurants and closed 15 in its fiscal 2023, marking its first positive net new unit growth since 2019. It signed 123 new store commitments last year and entered 2024 with around 80 locations in the design, permit-ting, and construction phases.
Getting the development flywheel going again has been a key priority for the San Diego-based burger chain since 2021, when it relaunched a franchise development program after a decade-long hiatus. Now, it has its sights set on reaching 2.5 percent annual unit expansion by 2027. Folding in growth projections for sister brand Del Taco, the company anticipates opening at least 90 new stores per year by then. Longer term, it thinks there’s enough whitespace across the country for Jack in the Box to reach 5,750 restaurants. In 2024 and beyond, the company hopes leveraging high sales, improving restaurant-level economics, and strengthening development capabilities will drive a $2.5 million AUV, a 20 percent digital sales mix and $1 billion on a dollar basis, a 15 percent four-wall franchise EBITDA, and less than a five-year payback.
20. PAPA JOHNS
The biggest news out of the pizza chain in recent months arrived when CEO Rob Lynch left the company in March to take the reins at Shake Shack. CFO and former Nike executive Ravi Thanawala stepped into the interim post. Lynch, a former Arby’s president, joined Papa Johns in August 2019 and guided it through some turbulent times, first emerging from controversy tied to its founder and then working through a COVID stretch that initially provided tailwinds (thanks to off-premises growth) and then hurdles in the form of labor challenges and softness in consumer spending habits. More recently, Thanawala shared with investors third-party delivery—a space Papa Johns got into before much of its competitive set in 2019—was performing well, representing 16 percent of sales in Q1 2024 compared to 12 percent a year ago. However, lower-income guests caused a notable decline in first-party delivery and a flattish result in carryout sales. In all, it totaled a 2 percent drop in North America same-store sales. Lower traffic and consumer check management carried over into Q2 as well.
Going back a few months, Papa Johns introduced a “Back to Better 2.0” plan designed to refine its business and stimulate growth. Central to this is a 20 percent increase in contributions from domestic franchisees to the national marketing fund. Thus far, it’s involved a new “Better Get You Some” platform that showcases Papa Johns’ ingredients and a “universal love for pizza.” The campaign features dynamic visuals, a new soundtrack, and a hip-hop-themed multimedia experience created with Grammy-winning artist Big Boi and director Dave Meyers, along with the Martin Agency.
Papa Johns lifted its U.S. store count by 20 units in 2023 and expects the entire North American view (Canada included) to pace 20 percent net growth this year, and for the company to open a gross of 100–140 new stores in other parts of the world. Part of the “Back to Better” positioning also included the reveal of Papa Johns’ largest development incentive in company history. It noted it would “deliver significantly higher restaurant-level EBITDA margins during the first five years of operations through a waiver of national marketing fund contributions.”
21. WHATABURGER
Whataburger has been on a growth spurt lately, moving into various markets well beyond its Texas origins, where the bulk of its restaurants are located. It netted 72 restaurants last year, pushing into several new states and crossing the 1,000-unit threshold. That represented a nearly 40 percent year-over-year increase in new store openings. The system remains largely company-owned. Franchised locations account for around 17 percent of the total footprint.
The burger chain earned $3.78 billion in systemwide sales in 2023, up 13 percent from $3.34 billion in 2022. AUVs increased 6 percent to $3.962 million.
Whataburger’s menu and store design are evolving alongside its geographic reach. It has expanded its offers with items like boneless wings and cold coffee lately. It also debuted its first Digital Kitchen unit last fall. The prototype is similar to a standard restaurant at roughly 2,300 square feet, but it is exclusively off-premises and features a mobile order lane instead of a traditional drive-thru. It is completely cashless and solely relies on customers using the website, app, or outdoor self-service kiosks to order meals. Guests also have the option to pick up food through exterior, weather-resistant food lockers instead of the mobile order lane.
22. RAISING CANE’S
Raising Cane’s remains one of the industry’s fastest risers. Just from a store-count perspective, it lifted by 79 in 2022 and 81 last year. And its $5.69 million AUV (higher than last year’s $5.44 million) was behind only Chick-fil-A among the entire QSR 50. That was true in 2022 as well. But it’s the wider picture that presents the most allure. Co-CEO AJ Kumaran told QSR earlier in the year the brand expected to eclipse $6 million per unit in 2024 and debut 90-plus locations. A New York City flagship that opened in Times Square was pacing north of $20 million for year 1. As of May, Raising Cane’s had put down an eye-popping 62 straight quarters of positive comps, or some 15 and half years. That AUV figure more than doubled since 2015. In Q1 2024, same-store sales hiked 15.1 percent, driven by an 11.4 percent rise in guest counts during a time when (very) few restaurant chains expanded on any line other than price. Also, there were more than 350 locations in the pipeline.
In other terms, Raising Cane’s rapid ascension has no downturn in sight. The chain increased the number of employees per store to more than 100 and planned to promote over 2,000 crew members this year alone. Hourly managers are earning at least $18 per hour and Raising Cane’s continues to emphasize development pathways—like its Restaurant Partner Program where managers can become operators—to strengthen the system from the inside out as it supports that robust development.
23. WINGSTOP
Wingstop has shown remarkable growth and developments in expansion and financial performance. The chain achieved a milestone by opening its 2,000th global restaurant in Pittsburgh. The fast casual aims to grow to over 7,000 restaurants worldwide, with a substantial increase in both domestic and international locations. The chain raised its 2024 outlook to a net of 275 to 295 net new restaurants, up from approximately 270. That implies a unit growth rate well past the chain’s target of 10-plus percent. New markets Canada, Puerto Rico, and South Korea are achieving record sales weeks.
Wingstop has demonstrated impressive financial gains. In the first quarter of 2024, same-store sales surged by 21.6 percent, driven primarily by transactions. This growth is underpinned by a successful customer acquisition strategy that attracts higher-income Gen Z and millennial customers, many of whom are new to the brand. Wingstop’s AUV reached over $1.9 million, and the company reported a 37 percent increase in systemwide sales during the first quarter. The wing company keeps building brand awareness in the quick-service segment by placing advertisements during major live sports events, like the NFL and NBA playoffs.
A big driver of Wingstop’s success has been its investment in technology. The chain dropped $50 million on developing a proprietary digital platform, MyWingstop, which enhances personalized customer interactions and addresses retention and frequency of visits. Additionally, Wingstop has leveraged digital ordering channels, which accounted for a record 68 percent of total orders in Q1 2024. The brand’s digital database has expanded to over 40 million users, facilitating targeted marketing and customer engagement.
24. LITTLE CAESARS
Little Caesars spent the past few years plotting aggressive franchise growth, ramping up the rate of new store commitments by targeting multi-unit deals with operators in specific markets. At the same time, it focused on speeding up development, adapting its carryout-focused model with digital and delivery options, and diversifying its asset mix with drive-thrus and nontraditional units.
Those efforts are starting to pay off. Little Caesars is back in expansion mode after seeing its U.S. footprint shrink coming out of the pandemic. The pizza chain shed nearly 100 locations between 2019 and 2022. It returned to net unit growth in 2023, adding 44 locations and ending the year with 4,217 restaurants. Now, it projects to open upwards of 90 franchised stores this year. A new POD program could pour some fuel into the growth engine. The company late last year added a modular unit to its prototype portfolio. The prefabricated buildings are constructed in Las Vegas and transported to their final location by a semi-truck. Since manufacturing and site work occur simultaneously, projects can be completed in up to half the time as traditional construction.
25. JERSEY MIKE’S
Earlier in 2023, Jersey Mike’s laid some long-term targets on the table. The goal for 2024 was to open 350 locations (it expanded by 287 in 2023). A similar figure would be on deck for the following year. But, come 2026, the sandwich chain believes it can lift that to 400 or 450 openings before settling into a cadence of 13–15 percent annual growth. That would represent roughly 10–15 debuts per week, or 5,000-plus total domestic locations within five years. Ultimately, Jersey Mikes sees 10,000 units on the horizon.
What makes Jersey Mike’s blueprint worth tracking is the brand has a history of honoring its aspirations. In the fall of 2021, the brand projected it would open 250 restaurants. It brought 246 to market. CEO Peter Cancro noted then the ensuing goal would be to reach 300 net openings in 2022. Jersey Mike’s posted 297, which was more like 308, he explained, when you consider relocations and semantics of development. In the past six years, Jersey Mike’s has expanded by 1,342 locations.
Arguably, equally, if not more, impressive during this run have been store-level results. Jersey Mike’s AUV in 2019 was $824,000. It exited 2023 at $1.3 million—well ahead of much of the sandwich field.
A Wall Street Journal report surfaced in April of a potential $8 billion sale to Blackstone, a private equity giant that eventually bought Tropical Smoothie for $2 billion later the same month. Nothing materialized and the brand said it wasn’t looking to sell. For now, it simply remains the fastest-growing sandwich chain in America, and one that hit a milestone last year when it opened in Alaska, its 50th state. California hosts the most Jersey Mike’s restaurants, followed by Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and home state New Jersey.
26. CULVER’S
Few fast-food chains are expanding as consistently as Culver’s, which remains family-owned and operated alongside an investment from Inspire Brands, Subway, and GoTo Foods backer Roark Capital. The brand lifted by a net of 52 locations in 2023 and is fast approaching a four-figure unit count. It exited the year with 944 restaurants, the vast majority of which are franchised.
Culver’s opened 50 stores in 2019 and 2020, respectively, and followed with 55 net openings apiece in 2021 and 2022. That means it has added 262 locations since 2019. Sales have followed a similar trajectory. The chain’s AUV clocked in at $3.487 million in 2023, a material rise from 2022, when it was $3.28 million, and 2021, when it was $3.099 million. The chain’s AUV was $2.624 million in 2020 and $2.453 million in 2019. In short, it emerged from the pandemic making roughly $1 million-plus more per location than it did going in. The Wisconsin-based burger chain is projected to add another 51 units this year, with 60 franchise agreements signed and outlets still waiting to be opened. If that happens, it could cross into 2025 with 995 restaurants.
27. JIMMY JOHN’S
In early 2024, Inspire Brands announced plans to take Jimmy John’s global with two franchise deals. The pair of agreements marked the first time Inspire had brought a brand international (it inherited overseas business but hadn’t launched there). Jimmy John’s now plans to grow in Canada and Latin America. The former will be with Foodtastic, a franchisor that oversees north of 1,100 locations through a collection of concepts, including Freshii and Pita Pit. The Latin America deal was with Franquicias Internacionales, a group based in El Salvador whose portfolio runs from F&B to digital media and logistics. It’s unclear how many Jimmy John’s will open in either. However, Inspire noted the news was part of a broader global expansion approach that would “usher in a new way for international guests to enjoy [Jimmy John’s] iconic menu …”
A year after retracting by 25 stores in the U.S., Jimmy John’s expanded by a net seven in 2023. It’s also seen AUVs rise from $866,000 to $936,000 during that two-year period. The chain’s menu innovation in recent months included a Firecracker Wrap with new custom-made Firecracker Jimmy Chips dusted with red, ghost pepper flavor, and a Red Velvet Brownie.
28. ZAXBY’S
Zaxby’s has expanded geographically, with developments in the Midwest and Dallas markets. New franchise owner Manish Malhotra is opening locations in Indiana and Kentucky, contributing to Zaxby’s surpassing 930 locations. In Dallas, the SIGWELL GROUP, led by Jade Sigler and her family, is bringing the fast casual to this growing market. Additionally, the chain announced its first entry into Phoenix, marking its 21st state.
The company has also made moves to enhance its market presence and product offerings. The brand collaborated with YouTube star MrBeast to launch the MrBeast Box, a meal featuring Chicken Fingerz, Crinkle Fries, Cheddar Bites, Texas Toast, and a Feastables Milk Chocolate Bar. This collaboration intends to attract younger consumers and capitalize on MrBeast’s massive online following. That’s only a portion of the brand’s innovation work. It introduced Southern Fried Shrimp, a first-time seafood offering, and launched the Fried Chicken Philly sandwich, promoting it boldly in Philadelphia. In terms of corporate changes, Donny Lau was appointed as the new CFO, bringing experience from Dollar General and Yum! Brands.
29. HARDEE’S
Parent company CKE Restaurants in April announced the separation of the Carl’s Jr. and Hardee’s brand, and, in turn, a new business approach with a leadership structure with three teams. Each will be led by a president in charge of strategic growth. The news highlighted Mike Woida continuing as president of international; Chris Bode, who was named Hardee’s USA president last fall; and Blake Devillier being the latest hire, coming on board as Carl’s Jr. USA president. Devillier officially started on April 1 from Yum!, where he was SVP of field operations for Taco Bell. Before, he spent more than 25 years at GAP, Inc, with roles at Banana Republic, Gap brand, and Old Navy.
Hardee’s unit count in the U.S. last year slid by 45 stores. Bode joined the company as COO in September 2022 after 11 years with Denny’s. He also clocked time at Dunkin’ Brands as COO for QSR Management and VP of development and construction.
30. BOJANGLES
From a development standpoint, 2023 was a watershed year for the chicken chain. Bojangles said it added 270 units to its pipeline and put the pieces in place to enter new markets across America. The brand’s expansion path now includes an updated store design, staffing model, and streamlined menu that centers on boneless chicken across three dayparts. In addition to filling that pipeline, Bojangles opened 40 new restaurants last year (25 net in the U.S.), with 10 of those being in fresh markets. The 25 net expansion is 10 ahead of 2022’s 15 openings. In April, the brand announced the signing of a 30-unit agreement to bring the concept to L.A. for the first time by 2025.
The strategy at work today arrived in 2021 with the aforementioned boneless chicken menu that features the best of Bojangles, including Bo’s Chicken Tenders for lunch and dinner, with no bone-in chicken (legacy markets are keeping the bone-in options). The “Genesis” building prototype has an ergonomic layout with digital menu boards, dual drive-thru lanes, and a labor model that works to simplify operations, reduce complexities in the kitchen, and boost guest experience. Particularly on the staffing note, there’s a restructured team able to handle high-traffic volume and streamline hospitality with enhanced team training, as well as outside order-takers and food runners for the drive-thru.
Nearly 40 percent of sales at Bojangles arrive before many competitors open their doors in the morning daypart. There are currently six total prototypes and the “Biscuit Theatre,” which details a 49-step biscuit-making process made by Certified Biscuit Makers, remains a lead feature.
31. FIVE GUYS
The burger brand lifted its year-over-year U.S. unit count by 67. It also recently opened its first airport store outside the country with a Terminal 3-Concourse B venue in Dubai. The 6,200-square foot spot—the brand’s 15th in the UAE—is also its largest location in the region.
32. CARL’S JR.
Alongside the news mentioned in Hardee’s QSR 50 recap, CKE shared in May a new agreement with Boparan Restaurant Group to develop Carl’s Jr. restaurants in the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland. The partnership deepens Carl’s Jr.’s European presence, which includes nearly 100 restaurants across Spain, France, Denmark, Turkey, and Switzerland. CKE said the California-born brand plans to accelerate growth overseas. It currently boasts more than 1,100 international units in over 35 countries around the world. The U.S. footprint dropped by two locations in 2023.
33. DUTCH BROS
In 2023, Dutch Bros made major strides in its growth and operational strategies. The coffee chain, which ended the year with 831 shops, plans to surpass 1,000 locations by 2025. Dutch Bros has focused on a company-operated model since 2017, halting new franchise awards to existing franchisees only. This shift has supported a robust expansion strategy, particularly in high-growth markets like Texas, where the brand has rapidly established a presence since 2021.
The company’s growth is underpinned by a strong leadership team. Christine Barone, who joined as president in early 2023, took over as CEO in 2024. Dutch Bros also welcomed new executives, including Joshua Guenser as CFO and Sumitro Ghosh as president of operations, to drive its ambitious expansion plans.
Despite facing rising build-out costs, Dutch Bros is adapting by adjusting its real estate strategy and expanding its store formats. The chain is moving away from its traditional fortressing strategy, which concentrated stores in specific areas to build brand awareness and reduce drive-thru times. Instead, it plans to spread stores more evenly across new markets.
Last year, Dutch Bros opened 159 new shops and is targeting at least 150-165 openings in 2024. The brand’s focus remains on enhancing customer experience and operational efficiency, with drive-thru sales accounting for 90 percent of its revenue. Innovations like AI and technology integration have played a crucial role in identifying promising markets and streamlining operations.
Overall, Dutch Bros continues to build on its disciplined growth plan, aspiring to expand to 4,000 locations in the next decade while maintaining strong community connections and customer loyalty. The chain announced in 2024 that it will roll out digital ordering capabilities for the first time with the help of Olo. Tests began in Arizona and will spread nationwide by the end of the year.
34. TROPICAL SMOOTHIE CAFE
Tropical Smoothie Cafe is looking to continue its decade-long upswing under a new owner. After rumblings of a sale surfaced late last year, the company announced this spring that it was being acquired by private equity firm Black Rock Capital in a transaction reportedly worth roughly $2 billion.
The deal came on the heels of another strong year for the better-for-you chain. It finished 2023 with systemwide sales of $1.253 billion, up 17 percent from 2022, and an AUV of $980,000. It netted 174 new stores, earning it a place among the country’s fastest-growing restaurant brands and pushing the total footprint to 1,372 units. Nearly three-quarters of those openings were with existing franchisees. The chain also signed more than 150 franchise agreements. Additionally, 2023 marked the 12th straight year of positive same-store sales. The comps growth was largely fueled by ongoing momentum across digital channels, which mixed at just under 40 percent.
CEO Charles Watson said at last year’s QSR Evolution Conference that Tropical Smoothie Cafe has the potential to expand to 4,000 or even 5,000 units. By the end of the year, there were north of 850 units in the pipeline. If those developments proceed as historically, with an 85 percent conversion rate to operational restaurants, the company would exceed 2,000 outlets. Watson believes the fast casual has the necessary market presence, branding, and product offerings to double this count. That confidence stems from lower development costs and adaptable store layouts, with 40 percent of the current system featuring drive-thrus. About 45 percent of the new shops that opened last year included the popular off-premises channel..
35. IN-N-OUT
This past year for the cult-favorite included the announcement it would enter a new market in New Mexico—a rare, but suddenly more common move for the family-run burger shop. It said it was in the early stages of planning its first stores in the state. Openings in Albuquerque should happen by 2027. Expansion into other cities are expected beyond that. In-N-Out will use a distribution facility in Colorado Springs to deliver products to the upcoming New Mexico locations. At the end of 2023, In-N-Out opened in Meridian, Idaho. It journeyed into Colorado in 2020, Texas in 2011, and Oregon in 2015. The completely corporately owned chain also owns units in California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. Toward the start of 2023, In-N-Out revealed it would open its first restaurant east of Texas in the Nashville market by 2026, a move backed by a $125.5 million investment to build a 100,000-square-foot corporate office in Franklin, Tennessee.
36. SHAKE SHACK
Shake Shack CEO Randy Garutti announced his retirement after leading the company from a hot dog cart to over 500 loca-tions globally. The fast casual later appointed Rob Lynch, former CEO of Papa Johns, as its new leader, effective May 20. Known for his successful turnaround strategies at Papa Johns, the industry veteran is expected to drive Shake Shack’s next growth phase. He will be tasked with navigating a competitive environment and maintaining Shake Shack’s premium position.
The company wants to expand its omnichannel presence, leveraging kiosks, and enhancing marketing efforts. Shake Shack reported during its Q1 earnings call that kiosks are now its largest ordering channel and its most profitable one. Average order values are at least a high teens percentage more than a traditional check thanks to recent digital enhancements that help with upselling. Inclusive of Q1, Shake Shack has achieved 13 consecutive quarters of positive same-store sales, with a 1.6 percent increase during the first three months of the year. After a slow January, sales improved in February and March. In April, same-store sales rose by 4.9 percent with steady traffic. The company reported its highest Q1 restaurant margin since 2019 at 19.5 percent and a record Q1 adjusted EBITDA of $35.9 million. The brand finished the first quarter with 525 restaurants globally, consisting of 338 in the U.S. and 187 internationally. The goal is to open roughly 80 stores systemwide in 2024. Half of that will be company-operated locations, which will be built at an average cost 10 percent lower than 2023. The brand is setting itself up to lower build-out expenses even further in 2025.
37. QDOBA
QDOBA, the No. 2 player in the Mexican fast-casual space, wants to double in size over the next decade. It is setting its sights on aggressive expansion under the ownership of Butterfly Equity, which took control two years ago.
After shuttering eight locations in fiscal 2021 and 2022 combined, the chain roared back with net growth of 14 restaurants last year. It wants to keep that momentum going with projected net openings of 50, 75, and 100 over the next three years. If all goes according to plan, it will be at around 1,075 restaurants by the end of fiscal 2027. It expects the portion of franchised units will grow to 90-plus percent by then, up from around 80 percent today. QDOBA will pair that unit growth with more brand awareness. The chain’s 2.25 percent contribution rate to the national marketing fund will grow to 3.25 percent in 2025. Meanwhile, this year will see $30 million in capital investment, including 85 company-owned remodels. QDOBA also plans to install digital menu boards in all corporate outlets.
In fiscal 2023, the brand earned $1.154 billion in sales. AUVs were $1.54 million, up 30 percent from pre-COVID times in 2019. About 70 percent of that growth came from price and 30 percent came from transactions.
38. FIREHOUSE SUBS
Firehouse Subs is aiming to become the first fully digital quick-service restaurant in America by 2025. This initiative in-volves replacing traditional cashier points with self-order kiosks, reflecting a broader industry trend toward omnichannel ordering systems and reduced wait times. Another key element of its growth strategy is the 2024 Veteran and First Re-sponder Development Incentive Program, which provides $100,000 upfront to veterans and first responders to open new franchises. This program aims to honor the company’s roots and attract franchisees who align with its mission. Financially, franchisees are seeing better unit economics. The chain’s average EBITDA per unit rose 38 percent in 2023, moving from $80,000 to $110,000.
39. EL POLLO LOCO
With new CEO Liz Williams at the helm, El Pollo Loco is drawing up a blueprint to drive sales, decrease costs, and ultimately spark new unit growth. It starts with improving brand awareness and the guest experience, with a focus on key differen-tiators like better-for-you grilled chicken and Mexican flavors.
The brand’s solid 2023 results and strong start to the current fiscal year show it already has the right building blocks in place. El Pollo Loco posted an AUV of $2.2 million last year, up 4.7 percent from 2022. Comps, average check, and transactions were all up in Q1 of 2024. Restaurant-level margin was 17.1 percent. Williams wants to see that grow to 20-plus percent through labor productivity gains. Other areas of focus include accelerating the rollout of in-store kiosks and exploring oppor-tunities for automation in the drive-thru. Those initiatives come on the heels of a series of investments in consumer-facing technology, like the revamped loyalty program and enhanced online ordering capabilities.
Additionally, El Pollo Loco is looking to reduce the cost of the new prototype it has in the works. It also is aiming to improve its development capabilities by dedicating more resources toward the franchise business. Two corporate restaurants and five to seven franchised restaurants are slated to open in 2024, up from the five restaurants that opened in 2023. Williams believes the combination of reducing build-out costs and improving unit-level margins is a formula that will help reinvigorate the pipeline over time.
40. MARCO’S PIZZA
Franchise expansion continues to surge at Marco’s Pizza. The chain awarded 86 franchises last year and netted 77 new restaurants, bringing its total footprint to 1,144 units. Roughly half of the franchise system consists of multi-unit operators, and the development strategy will continue to center around multi-unit growth going forward. The company has invested in tools to help identify areas for expansion and support franchisees in real estate, construction management, field operations, and financing to help unlock the massive whitespace it sees across the U.S. International expansion in Latin America also is on the radar.
Marco’s is prioritizing investments in new technology alongside unit growth. Last year saw the rollout of Marco’s Order Management System (MOMS), a proprietary cloud-based platform that is owned and operated by an affiliate of the company. Additionally, the pizza chain started testing a variety of last mile delivery options, like autonomous and electric solutions.
Other areas of focus include investments in multi-channel national advertising and ongoing product development to diversify its offerings. The company brought in several fresh faces to head up its marketing efforts and tapped a new direc-tor of culinary innovation last year. On the menu front, it teamed up with Mike’s Hot Honey for a successful LTO and launched boneless wings as a permanent addition. It also introduced the Pizzoli, a handheld item that is proving to be the strongest selling new product in recent brand history.
41. McALISTER’S
In 2023, McAlister’s achieved $1 billion in sales for the first time. This milestone was driven by enhancing guest experiences, strong franchisee relationships, and national-scale solutions. The brand’s success is attributed to decision-making fo-cused on guests, protecting unit-level economics, and leveraging franchise ownership, with 95 percent of its roughly 540 units being franchisee-operated. McAlister’s flexible real estate strategies and innovative digital ordering have also contributed to its growth. These efforts have established the fast casual as a key growth engine for GoTo Foods, formerly Focus Brands, solidifying its market presence and future potential.
Also last year, McAlister’s cemented its status as a world-class caterer, focusing on contemporary solutions for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Key innovations included new breakfast boxes and customizable toast bars. The brand leveraged its de-pendable reputation and streamlined ordering processes to increase customer experience and operational efficiency. By uti-lizing existing inventory and simplifying operations, McAlister’s achieved double-digit same-store sales growth in cater-ing. The chain continues to explore new opportunities, including snack and dinner options, driven by data and franchisee collaboration.
42. DEL TACO
Roughly half of Del Taco’s locations were company-owned when Jack in the Box completed its acquisition of the brand two years ago. That figure was down to just under 30 percent heading into 2024. And it’s only going to get smaller. Del Taco covered a lot of ground on its journey toward an asset-light model last year. It refranchised 111 restaurants and entered 2024 with a 71 percent franchised system. It sees a clear path to refranchise at least 120 more locations over the next three years. That would give it a 90-plus percent franchised system by 2026. That initiative is helping Del Taco grow its pipeline of new stores. It inked 128 fresh commitments last year. Most were with the new and existing franchisees that also signed on to take over company-owned locations.
Several sales and profitability initiatives are underway at the Mexican food chain. There’s a menu simplification test that is showing signs of improving sales and speed of service. Del Taco also wants to test new breakfast items through digital channels and make the morning daypart a recurring part of its marketing calendar. With the recent Shredded Beef Birria LTO generating some of the brand’s strongest traffic gains in recent years, it sees an opportunity for more premium offerings, too. There’s also a self-order kiosk test that comes on the heels of a major update to the brand’s loyalty program last year.
43. FREDDY’S FROZEN CUSTARD & STEAKBURGERS
Freddy’s Frozen Custard & Steakburgers netted a company-record 62 new restaurants last year, including its 500th location. Systemwide sales increased 14 percent to $925 million.
A series of major investments helped pave the way for that growth. In recent years, the company gutted and rebuilt its tech stack—everything from the POS system and the web platform to the loyalty program. It also switched from four cup sizes and five or six lids to three cup sizes and three lids. That alone saved approximately $3.5 million for the franchise system.
More updates are coming down the line. Last year, Freddy’s started rolling out a new prototype across corporate stores. It is optimized for digital experiences with an enhanced area for mobile order pickup and room to add kiosks. This year, it began installing a partially automated grill press alongside an updated kitchen display system. The new tools should help improve the made-to-order burger chain’s already impressive speed of service. It boasts an average drive-thru time of around four minutes.
Ongoing investments to streamline the employee workload, boost consistency, and drive throughput are setting the stage for accelerated expansion going forward. The company entered 2024 with a pipeline of over 130 restaurants in development. It hopes to open about 65 of them before the calendar flips over into 2025. That’ll come with little to no closures, considering the brand has only shuttered 22 units since it first opened its doors in 2002. Freddy’s wants to get to 800 locations by 2026. It believes there’s enough whitespace in new and existing markets across North America to eventually reach 3,000 units.
44. Checkers/Rally’s
Checkers and Rally’s is in the middle of a leadership transition. Earlier in 2024, CEO Frances Allen announced her resigna-tion to focus on board work. The industry veteran, who led the company since February 2020, will remain until September during the search for her successor. Under her leadership, Checkers introduced a new store remodel, AI drive-thru ordering, and other innovations. The CEO search follows a significant restructuring in which the brand reduced its long-term debt from $300 million to $75 million and secured $25 million for remodeling and growth. Ownership shifted from Oak Hill Capital Partners to creditors Arbour Lane Capital Management, Garnett Station Partners, and Guggenheim Investments.
45. CHURCH’S CHICKEN
The brand is using insights from international operations to bolster execution across its domestic footprint. Namely, it’s consolidating multiple battering systems to improve efficiency. That’s just one initiative driving the brand’s resurgence under a largely new executive team. It also is reimaging existing restaurants with fresh design elements and making improvements to its digital experience.
Momentum started surging throughout the business last year. Church’s surpassed $1 million AUVs in the U.S. for the first time in 2023. It also posted a threefold increase in the number of domestic new deal signings. Another factor driving the turnaround is a sharper focus on value—a return to the core strategy that shaped the business for most of its 72-year history. CEO Joe Guith told QSR earlier this year the chain’s customer base is more multicultural and significantly lower-income relative to its primary competitors. “We want to own that instead of running from it,” he said.
Going forward, the company will focus on menu development that unlocks multiple benefits, like its new spicy platform that Guith said tastes better and eliminates kitchen complexity. It also is gearing up to launch its first-ever loyalty program. And there’s a lower-cost prototype rolling out this year that shaves 700 square feet from the traditional build.
46. AUNTIE ANNE’S
Auntie Anne’s made waves in 2021 by opening its first drive-thru location. Located in Wiley, Texas, the store featured two GoTo Foods concepts under one roof—Auntie Anne’s and its sister brand Jamba. While the pretzel chain already had many co-branded sites with Cinnabon and Carvel, the store in Wiley marked a significant move beyon d its typical food court set-ting.
In the three years since, GoTo Foods has opened over 20 co-branded Auntie Anne’s and Jamba locations. Approximately half of them feature a drive-thru lane. Stepping out of the mall has also sparked new opportunities for product innovation. This shift has allowed for more substantial menu items that can potentially serve as a meal replacement, especially when paired with a smoothie from Jamba, like the Pepperoni Bites introduced earlier this year.
Auntie Anne’s earned $762 million in domestic system sales in 2023 and had an AUV of $769,000. It added 19 stores to its footprint in the U.S. and entered 2024 with 1,198 units, including 1,187 franchised locations and 11 company-owned locations.
47. PAPA MURPHY’S
Papa Murphy’s regained some momentum last year after softer traffic and elevated costs for franchisees weighed on its performance in 2022. The chain earned $758 million in systemwide sales, up slightly from $753 million in 2022 but down 6 percent on a two-year stack. It ended 2023 with 26 fewer franchised restaurants and 15 fewer corporate restaurants for a net decline of 41 locations. That marked an improvement from 2022 and 2021, when it posted net declines of 72 and 53 units, respectively.
The pizza chain continued leaning deeper into menu innovation with new take-and-bake offerings. Last year it added Monkey Bites, a shareable bread bites platform available in both savory and sweet varieties, along with an assortment of single-serve personal calzones that cater to a broader range of need states and use occasions. It also began running more na-tional marketing campaigns and funneling more resources into digital channels to generate buzz around new launches.
A fresh headwind came in early fiscal 2024 with the loss of lower-income customers. EBT sales fell roughly 40 percent in the first quarter thanks to decreased government funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Eric Lefebvre, CEO of parent company MTY Food Group, told investors this spring the brand has many initiatives in the works and “a lot more is coming.” That includes changes in leadership—Papa Murphy’s appointed two new co-COOs late last year—as well as ongoing innovation on the menu and marketing fronts. More AI tools and strategic partnerships are on the horizon, too.
48. TIM HORTONS
In 2024, Tim Hortons opened a new shop in Metro Atlanta as part of its broader strategy to increase its U.S. presence. This expansion is spearheaded by Katerina Glyptis, recently appointed as president of Tim Hortons U.S., who aims to leverage new, cost-effective store prototypes to drive profitability for franchisees. Tim Hortons ended 2023 with its largest number of U.S. restaurant openings in over five years. Additionally, it finalized agreements with operators to open in Arizona, Tennessee, Missouri, Delaware, and New Jersey. This year marks the 60th in Tim Hortons’ history. It’s also the 40th since Tim Hor-tons launched stateside in 1984 in Tonawanda, New York, at the northern edge of Erie County. Over 40 years, Tim Hortons’ U.S. footprint has grown through local, often smaller operators, as evidenced by the low restaurant counts in so many states. On a global scale, Tim Hortons sees significant growth in markets like South Korea and China, where it celebrated the open-ing of its 700th location.
49. MOE’S
Moe’s Southwest Grill has undergone a major transformation through “Project VICTORY,” focusing on building guest experi-ence, streamlining operations, and modernizing its menu and restaurant design. Key changes include improving ingredient quality, updating service efficiencies, and introducing new sauces and flavor profiles. The initiative also involves redesign-ing menu boards and leveraging omnichannel growth to boost sales. This strategic evolution aims to position Moe’s for sustained growth and increased market competitiveness.
The fast casual also opened multiple new locations across the U.S. in 2023, including in White Lake, Michigan; Centerville, Ohio; West Babylon, New York; and Smyrna, Tennessee. Each grand opening featured promotions such as free burritos for a year to the first customers, along with community-focused events and giveaways.
50. SMOOTHIE KING
Smoothie King is on quite the hot streak. In 2023, the company saw record-breaking expansion, highlighted by a significant 11.5 percent increase in same-store sales and a notable jump in-store traffic. The brand’s development pipeline added 189 new store commitments in 2023. This includes 39 franchise agreements and 20 area development commitments in Q4 alone, making it the largest signings quarter since 2017. Smoothie King also expanded into new markets, including Utah, Minnesota, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, and reinforced its presence in Dallas-Fort Worth with 15 new units.
Fueling this success was Smoothie King’s focus on menu innovation and marketing. The introduction of Smoothie Bowls in April 2023 was a triumph, with over 5.5 million bowls sold by year’s end. These bowls featured fresh fruit and premium granola, aligning with the brand’s health-conscious image. Additionally, Smoothie King launched new products like the SK Refreshers, a line of lightly caffeinated fruit beverages, and the Sleepy Girlzzz Smoothie, inspired by a viral internet trend.
The fast casual also strengthened its brand through strategic partnerships and promotions. The company became the Official Smoothie of the Atlanta Hawks, marking its first professional sports partnership in Atlanta. This collaboration included the launch of a Hawks-branded smoothie and reinforced Smoothie King’s commitment to promoting a healthy and active lifestyle.
Smoothie King reported its fifth consecutive quarter of positive same-store sales in Q1 2024, opened 14 new stores, and signed 27 development commitments across 13 states. About 62 percent of new agreements in the quarter came from existing franchisees. The brand inked significant franchise deals in Las Vegas and San Antonio during the period. It also launched the Dude Perfect Smoothie, featuring blue spirulina, as part of its Clean Blends Initiative. This product, in collaboration with Dude Perfect, has driven sales and attracted a younger demographic.
About the QSR 50/
The QSR 50 is an annual ranking of limited-service restaurant companies by U.S. system-wide sales. QSR magazine collected information directly from restaurant companies from March to May 2024.
* Indicates a number estimated by QSR.
** Indicates a number estimated by Datassential. Chain operators were invited to share unit and systemwide sales figures, and Datassential supplemented those numbers with data from its analytics platforms, including and especially the Datassential Operators platform, as well as Concept Testing and Brand Performance. Publicly available brand data from securities filings, investor research, and franchise disclosures also informed Datassential estimates. Where specific chain information was not available, estimates were made based on growth rates seen in the industry overall and among similar chains.
The Contenders
From legacy chains to rising upstarts, here’s a look at 50 brands ready to break through in the coming years. All information in this chart, except for where * is indicated, was submitted directly to QSR magazine. The list was ranked by total systemwide sales from the pool of submissions.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 40
|
https://www.innovatingcanada.ca/industry-and-business/startup-and-scaleup/a-great-product-plus-great-support-help-pizza-pizza-franchise-owners-succeed/
|
en
|
A Great Product Plus Great Support Help Pizza Pizza Franchise Owners Succeed
|
[
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2019/08/08002146/cropped-Icon-IC-32x32.png",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/pizza_pizza_heading-888x500.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/pizza-pizza-logo.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/pizza_pizza_heading-576x486.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/pizza-pizza-logo.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232852/pizza_pizza_franchising.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/Chuck-Farrell-VP-Franchising-People.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232900/PPL-Stock-Photo-02-scaled.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232901/Tahir-Siddique-Franchisee.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232852/pizza_pizza_franchising.jpg",
"https://s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/cdn-site.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2022/12/07232852/pizza_pizza_franchising.jpg",
"https://victoria.mediaplanet.com/app/uploads/sites/114/2023/05/IC-PopUp.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"kristenneals",
"Author Anne Papmehl",
"[email protected]"
] |
2022-12-22T00:00:00+00:00
|
Pizza Pizza’s commitment to equal opportunity and diversity with both customers and franchise owners is a recipe for success. Everyone Deserves Pizza. That’s Pizza Pizza’s latest campaign and an insight into their corporate philosophy. For over 55 years, the Canadian pizza company has been welcoming customers of all types with opportunities to enjoy pizza their … Continued
|
en
|
Innovating Canada
|
https://www.innovatingcanada.ca/industry-and-business/startup-and-scaleup/a-great-product-plus-great-support-help-pizza-pizza-franchise-owners-succeed/
|
Pizza Pizza’s commitment to equal opportunity and diversity with both customers and franchise owners is a recipe for success.
Everyone Deserves Pizza. That’s Pizza Pizza’s latest campaign and an insight into their corporate philosophy. For over 55 years, the Canadian pizza company has been welcoming customers of all types with opportunities to enjoy pizza their way, with both its Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73 brands.
Pizza Pizza also believes that everyone deserves a shot at running their own business and is making this dream more accessible to more people by expanding its franchise opportunities across Canada.
Well-known brand with a well-loved product
Going into the restaurant business can be tough. It takes a great concept, investment capital, preparation, and plenty of hard work – and there’s always the risk that it won’t work out. “That’s where franchising really helps,” says Chuck Farrell, VP of Franchising and People, Pizza Pizza Limited.
We try to demystify the process, remove a lot of the complications, and give people a more comfortable path to starting a profitable business.
An attractive differentiator of Pizza Pizza Limited’s franchise model is the number of centralized services to help franchise owners succeed. These include comprehensive training, marketing and advertising, and day-to-day support from regional operations managers. Ingredients are provided through Pizza Pizza Limited’s state-of-the-art warehouse – known as the commissary – which ships thousands of pounds of ingredients and products to restaurants each week and eliminates the need to source individual ingredients from multiple suppliers. “We take them through the whole process of running a franchise so they can focus on running their business,” says Farrell.
Another advantage to owning a Pizza Pizza or Pizza 73 franchise is having the strength of the brand which has a long and successful legacy of best-in-class marketing and promotions, including partnerships with key sports and entertainment properties across Canada. Plus, who doesn’t love pizza? “It’s so universal and so many people enjoy it,” says Farrell. Best of all, you don’t need to have a background in the food or hospitality industry. “What you do need to be successful is a love of pizza, a love of customers, and a willingness to work,” says Farrell.
Celebrating diversity among customers and franchise owners
Just as Pizza Pizza caters to diverse customer preferences and tastes for pizza, it celebrates diversity among its franchise owners who come from all different backgrounds and walks of life. “Many of our franchise owners are new Canadians and some of them are now multi-franchise owners, with more than one restaurant,” says Farrell.
Tahir Siddique – owner of two Pizza Pizza franchises in Brampton – is one of them. Immigrating from Pakistan 22 years ago, Siddique worked as chef supervisor and main line chef at several large hotels following graduation from George Brown College. In 2009, he opened his first Pizza Pizza franchise, which has since become a training restaurant, and a second one in 2018. “It’s been amazing. The support of the company has enabled me to achieve so many of my life goals,” says Siddique. “They’re always there for you, helping and guiding you through the challenges or owning a business,” he says.
As Pizza Pizza looks to add to its more than 730 locations across Canada, between both of its brands, the company is welcoming new potential franchise owners. “It’s a very exciting time,” says Farrell. “Here we have two brands, and over 55 years of experience in Canada and we’re still innovating. I believe the opportunities are limitless,” he says.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 15
|
https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/pizza-73-opens-first-store-in-prince-albert-sask-7338/
|
en
|
Pizza 73 opens first store in Prince Albert, Sask. - Canadian Pizza Magazine
|
[
"http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=12982857&cv=2.0&cj=1",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/canadian-pizza-magazine-logoA.png",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/canadian-pizza-magazine-logoA.png",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/de-website-graphic.jpg",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/agrifood-jobsite.png",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/canadian-pizza-magazine-logoA.png",
"https://www.annexbusinessmedia.com/images/Funded-Logo.png",
"https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/close.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Colleen Cross"
] |
2017-12-05T16:18:24-05:00
|
Prince Albert, Sask. – Pizza 73 has opened its first location in Prince Albert, Sask., and its fifth location in the province.
|
en
|
https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/favicon.ico
|
Canadian Pizza Magazine
|
https://www.canadianpizzamag.com/pizza-73-opens-first-store-in-prince-albert-sask-7338/
|
Prince Albert, Sask. – Pizza 73 has opened its first location in Prince Albert, Sask., and its fifth location in the province.
“We’re looking forward to serving Prince Albertans our broad and diverse menu, especially our delicious pan pizza and golden crispy wings that we’re known for,” said Pat Finelli, chief marketing officer, in a news release.
Pizza 73, which has a total of 84 locations in Canada, has been operated by Pizza Pizza since 2007. It is the official pizza of the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, WHL Saskatoon Blades, NLL Saskatoon Rush and Saskatoon Exhibition, and has become a regular contributor to the local children’s hospital, Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital Foundation in Saskatoon, through the Pizza 73 Slices for Smiles program.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 18
|
https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/05/22/discovering-deep-dish-pizza-with-the-taste-that-started-it-all/
|
en
|
Discovering deep-dish pizza, with the taste that started it all
|
[
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/SDUT_logo_black_horizontal.png",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-8552-dd5e-a9ff-97fe010d0000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-855b-d84b-abdf-a57b9afe0000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-8598-d165-a79f-8fdcf4b80000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-859c-d84b-abdf-a5bc30d90000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-859e-dd5e-a9ff-97be99ec0000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-85a0-dd5e-a9ff-97acd5980000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-85a5-d165-a79f-8ffd7f660000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-85a8-d165-a79f-8ffc8d6d0000.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/migration/2024/05/22/0000018f-85aa-d84b-abdf-a5bad5370000.jpg?w=620",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=85&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sut-l-smashmouthcover.jpg?w=525",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sut-l-fortoak-abaloneceviche-01.jpg?w=525",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sut-l-johnlegend1.jpg?w=527",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sut-l-sugarcane1.jpg?w=620",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/SDUT_logo_black_horizontal.png",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/themes/wp-mason/static/images/site-logo/socal-logo-sm.png",
"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/wp-content/themes/wp-mason/static/images/site-logo/dfm-logo-sm.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Eric Kim",
"Migration Temp"
] |
2024-05-22T00:00:00
|
CHICAGO — In 1978, a few months after Marc Malnati got out of college, his father, Lou, died of cancer at just 47 years old. Marc, then in his 20s, took on a more active role in the family business, picking up where his father left off. Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria had just three outposts at the time. […]
|
en
|
San Diego Union-Tribune
|
https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/food-and-cooking/story/2024-05-22/discovering-deep-dish-pizza-how-it-all-began/
|
CHICAGO — In 1978, a few months after Marc Malnati got out of college, his father, Lou, died of cancer at just 47 years old. Marc, then in his 20s, took on a more active role in the family business, picking up where his father left off. Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria had just three outposts at the time. Now there are more than 50 locations in Chicagoland alone.
If you grew up in Chicago, then it’s likely that you’ve had a Malnati pie or some form of deep dish from one of the other big names: Pizzeria Uno, Gino’s East, Pequod’s. Although deep dish lovers may be guilty of what Chicago food reporter Steve Dolinsky called Pizza I Grew Up Eating Syndrome — the bias toward the pie of one’s childhood — there does seem to be a local consensus that, in the least, deep dish is a high-sided carriage of crust holding mozzarella, tomatoes and other fillings.
The Malnati dough is yeastier and bubblier than most and thus imbued with the aged flavor of long-proofed pizza, while other crusts tend to be thicker and can taste sweeter, almost biscuity. Malnati’s flaky crust straddles pizza and pie dough with a pop-star wink. Layered with cheese, meat and tomatoes, in that order, the pizza is as tall as a modest quiche and appropriately saucy. It is separate from its cousin, Detroit-style pan pizza, and not necessarily, though sometimes (like the versions you may find at Giordano’s, another Chicago pizza institution), stuffed.
Understandably, deep dish pizza has confused many. Jon Stewart called it “tomato soup in a bread bowl.” (Malnati took issue with this and even went on “The Daily Show” to correct Stewart.) New York Times Food columnist J. Kenji López-Alt considers it a casserole, which is not incorrect, since deep dish was first developed to be a more filling, meal-appropriate menu item than its counterpart: thin-crust tavern-style pizza (which Chicagoans just call pizza).
To consider deep dish pizza is to consider Chicago. Waiting in long lines at beloved spots with a group of friends is part of the deep dish experience, even if the meal is often reserved for special occasions, family parties and corporate outings. It’s the city’s most famous but arguably most misunderstood culinary mascot; to understand it, you have to meet the team of players that makes up its world of styles. And if you really want to know the original version, you have to bake one at home.
The original
Many disparage deep dish pizza for being too cheesy, too saucy, too much. But its heaviness was arguably a later feature, especially from the 1970s and on, when newspapers started calling it “deep dish.” Go further back in time, when it was just known as “pizza in a pan,” and you’ll find a light crust, thin and barely 1 inch up the sides (one might consider it shallow, even), with some cheese, a modest lacy network of sausage and a savory pond of just-cooked tomatoes.
There are few dishes in America whose genealogy can be traced so clearly. A lot of hands went into creating Chicago’s most famous pizza, Malnati said, and it started with Richard Riccardo, the Northern Italian restaurateur who opened Pizzeria Uno in 1943, a few months after his family moved into the apartment above the abandoned basement tavern.
Riccardo’s 1945 recipe, adapted and featured below, is probably the oldest-known record of deep dish pizza in America, according to Peter Regas, a financial statistician by day and pizza historian by night. Regas, 57, who has been researching deep dish for 15 years, found that newspaper recipe clipping during his research and believes that it is the closest depiction of the deep dish pizza that was served at Uno when they first opened. The biggest surprise? The original’s dough was cakey and, frankly, not that deep.
In the 1960s and early 1970s, Regas said, the dough increased in thickness and raised as high as the outer rim of the deep dish pan.
Know that the original recipe for deep dish pizza might not be made at the historical pizzeria anymore. The building is there, but after more than 80 years, how could the same formula still be?
Family connections
Lou Malnati began his pizza career at Pizzeria Uno, managing the restaurant with his father, Rudy Malnati Sr., in the 1950s. In 1971, after Uno’s second owner, Ike Sewell, wouldn’t sell the business to him, Lou Malnati left and opened the first branch of the pizzeria bearing his name in Lincolnwood, Ill., a northern suburb of Chicago.
If you’ve been around the block, then you might remember the days when the Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria in Chicago’s Gold Coast neighborhood used to be a McDonald’s. The first thing you’ll see in the building’s spacious kitchen is a wall of aged steel pizza pans, their rough, coal-black surfaces signifying seasoning — built-in taste, Malnati called it.
That style of deep dish Malnati, 68, grew up eating is still the kind he makes today.
It’s “a symphony of flavors,” he said, right at that first bite, which he takes not off the tip but at the right angle where the crust meets the cheese and tomato.
Deep dish has shape-shifted radically from its early Uno days and splintered off into iterative styles as sons became fathers, and managers became owners of new stores. If there are so many iterations, then how do we know what deep dish is?
The way it used to be
As the founder of Chicago Pizza Tours, Jonathan Porter was in search of the Pizza He Grew Up Eating, a biscuity, buttery-doughed number at Gino’s East, famous for its distinguishing yellow-stained crust (which doesn’t come from cornmeal, contrary to popular belief). That particular crust, rich in color and in flavor, might be credited to Alice Mae Redmond, an Uno pizza cook who moved over to Gino’s East, where she most likely developed her own style of dough, something shorter and with more fat, as in a biscuit.
Over the years, Porter, 46, found that the Gino’s East pizza no longer tasted the same as he remembered it in his childhood. The company had sold multiple times, and he felt that the pizza kept changing, too. Had the recipe changed, or had he?
Porter got his answer one day while driving around with an old friend. At a traffic stop, he noticed the newly opened Bartoli’s and wondered if it had anything to do with Fred Bartoli, one of the original founders of Gino’s East. As it turned out, Bartoli’s grandson, Brian Tondryk, was the owner of the new pizzeria, which sells a version that honors the original Gino’s recipe.
At Bartoli’s, Porter recalled, the pizza was like a butter-yellow time machine: “It really brought us back to the early ’90s and the days that we would go to Gino’s,” he said. It was “exactly the way it used to be.”
The favorite
If institutions like Pizzeria Uno, Lou Malnati’s and Gino’s East are the Whitney, Celine and Mariah of deep dish, then Pequod’s might be Ariana Grande: deep dish for today’s crispy cheese lovers. Like the crust at Gino’s East, the caramelized cheese crown of Pequod’s pie — its distinguishing factor — is the secret to the restaurant’s popularity and fan base of locals and tourists alike.
“Monday morning pretty much looks like O’Hare Airport with luggage in the front,” said Pequod’s general manager, Sean Asbra. But during the pandemic, when travel was limited, he found that his restaurant was still full — with locals. “The locals are the ones that got us to this point.”
When they moved from the city to the suburbs, those locals preached the word of Pequod’s regal cheese crust. When they moved to, say, California, they proselytized at their children’s schools, at birthday parties, at the grocery store. They were asked, as Chicagoans, “Where should we go for deep dish?” They said Pequod’s. “I mean, that didn’t come from the tourists,” Asbra, 54, said.
Since 1971, Pequod’s has maintained its status as a mom-and-pop shop, still running just two stores and relying heavily on walk-in customers and delivery from apps like Uber Eats and DoorDash, which increased the pizzeria’s customer radius by at least 20 miles.
Ask a group of Chicagoans what their favorite deep dish pizza is today, and many, especially younger ones, will say Pequod’s, whose version features not raised sides of dough but of caramelized cheese. Some pizza nuts would consider it closer to a Detroit-style pan pizza and not Chicago-style deep dish, but when Asbra was asked which style he would consider Pequod’s, he said, “Yes.”
The recipe
Archival photographs help tell the story of how much deep dish has changed, Regas said, noting how shallow the original deep dish actually was, among other things. The crust is also lighter, almost caky. It’s not so fermented. In fact, Regas prefers two consecutive proofs at room temperature (versus an overnight refrigeration) so the yeast doesn’t eat up all the sugar in the dough, which is his favorite part.
Making and perfecting deep dish pizza at home, as Regas has done over the years, isn’t just a means to eat more of it; it’s also the best way to understand the origins of the dish and to appreciate it for what it is, not what it isn’t.
This is not to say that other styles that came after it aren’t deep dish. In the world of Chicago-style pizza, time is a circle: It’s all pizza.
Deep Dish Pizza
What is Chicago deep dish crust meant to be? Ask any Chicagoan: It depends on what you grew up eating. The original recipe has a thinner, shallower crust than many versions from today’s pizzerias, and making it at home may be the only way to taste it. This recipe is based on the earliest known published recipe that Richard Riccardo, the founder of Pizzeria Uno, shared with newspaper columnist Gaynor Maddox in 1945. Peter Regas, a pizza historian, finessed it over many years, and here, it’s been adapted to work in any home kitchen. All you need is a couple of 8- or 9-inch metal cake pans and an open mind. The crust in this variation is almost cakey and not as fermented as other styles of deeply proofed pizza dough. The sausage is what makes this especially Chicagoan, but if you don’t eat it, you could swap out the mozzarella for provolone for more richness with the same cheese pull.
Makes two (8- to 9-inch) deep dish pizzas
INGREDIENTS
For the dough:
1 cup/240 grams whole milk
2½ tablespoons/38 grams unsalted butter
2 tablespoons/25 grams granulated sugar
1 teaspoon coarse kosher salt or fine salt
2¼ teaspoons/7 grams active dry yeast (1 envelope)
2¾ cups/360 grams all-purpose flour, plus more if needed
Olive oil, for greasing
To assemble:
10 slices mozzarella (6 to 8 ounces)
6 ounces loose sweet or hot Italian sausage (removed from casings if in links)
1 (28-ounce) can whole peeled San Marzano tomatoes in puree, tomatoes crushed with your hands
Salt
6 tablespoons grated Pecorino Romano or Parmesan, plus more for serving
Basil leaves, for topping (optional)
DIRECTIONS
1. Prepare the dough: In a small saucepan, heat the milk over medium just until small bubbles start to form around the edge of the pan. Pour the milk into the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the dough hook or into a large bowl. Add the butter and let it melt. Stir in the sugar and salt until dissolved, then let the mixture cool to lukewarm.
2. Sprinkle the yeast over the lukewarm milk mixture, stir and let stand until foamy, 5 to 10 minutes. Add the flour. If using a stand mixer, go straight into kneading on medium-low speed for about 10 minutes or until the dough becomes light and springy. If kneading by hand, first beat the mixture to combine, then turn out onto a floured surface and knead until light and springy.
3. Place the dough in an oiled bowl, cover with a towel and let rise in a warm place until doubled, 1 to 2 hours.
4. Make a fist and gently press down on the dough with your knuckles to release some gas, then transfer to a cutting board or other clean surface, divide and form into two balls. Put each ball in an 8- or 9-inch metal cake pan generously greased with olive oil and cover with plastic wrap. If not using right away, refrigerate for up to 48 hours. Let refrigerated dough come to room temperature, about 1 hour, before using.
5. Let the dough rise a second time, still covered, until doubled in size, 1 to 2 hours. Position a rack in the bottom of the oven and heat to 450 degrees.
6. Assemble the pizzas: Flatten the dough balls in the pans, using your fingers to gently stretch the dough to the edges of each pan and about 1 inch up the sides (keeping the dough thin on the sides). If the dough keeps springing back toward the center, walk away for a few minutes and come back after it has rested.
7. Line the bottom of each dough round with 5 overlapping cheese slices. (It’s OK if some of the dough shows.) Scatter bits of sausage over the cheese in a single layer, then cover with the crushed tomatoes in puree. Season with salt, then sprinkle with pecorino.
8. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes, until the crust is golden-brown, then remove from the oven and let cool slightly. Top with basil leaves, if using.
Recipe from Peter Regas; adapted by Eric Kim.
Kim writes for The New York Times.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_pizza_chains
|
en
|
List of Canadian pizza chains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pizza_slice_icon.png/80px-Pizza_slice_icon.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BostonPizzaLondon.JPG/200px-BostonPizzaLondon.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PizzaNovaYonge.jpg/200px-PizzaNovaYonge.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pizza_Pizza_at_DVP_Onramp.jpg/200px-Pizza_Pizza_at_DVP_Onramp.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/16px-Industry5.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2014-08-06T03:25:48+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_pizza_chains
|
Canada-based pizza restaurant chains
This is a list of notable Canadian pizza chains. This list is limited to pizza chain restaurants that are based in or originated in Canada:
241 Pizza - franchise chain headquartered in Scarborough, Toronto
Boston Pizza - Canadian-based chain that owns and franchises locations in Canada, the United States and Mexico
East Side Mario's - Canadian-based chain that owns and franchises locations in Canada
Freshslice Pizza – Canadian pizza chain and franchise
Gabriel Pizza – Canadian pizza restaurant franchise
Greco Pizza Restaurant – Atlantic Canadian pizza chain
King of Donair – Canadian restaurant chain
Mikes – Canadian pasta & pizza restaurant chain
Mother's Pizza – Multinational restaurant chainPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Panago – Canadian pizza chain
Pizza 73 – Canadian pizza restaurant chain, a subsidiary of Pizza Pizza
Pizza Delight – Canadian pizza restaurant chain
Pizza Nova – Canadian pizza restaurant chain
Pizza Pizza – Canadian pizza restaurant chain
Pizza Salvatore – Canadian pizza restaurant chain
Pizzaiolo – American-style pizza chain in Canada
Sarpino's Pizzeria – International fast food restaurant chain specializing in pizza
Topper's Pizza – Canadian pizzeria chain
A Boston Pizza location in London, Ontario
A Pizza Nova restaurant
A Pizza Pizza restaurant in Toronto
Food portal
Companies portal
Canada portal
Lists portal
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 54
|
https://www.guidos-pizza-cafe.com/about-us
|
en
|
Guido's Pizza Cafe
|
[
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/9b2c5a_a5dc6f3f7975484a9060fc815263cfd6~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_168,h_198,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/Logo%20For%20Website%207.png",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/9b2c5a_65aed222eff14b12bc131fe010f98629~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_2,w_300,h_396/fill/w_327,h_431,al_c,lg_1,q_80,enc_auto/Bill%20Wells%20for%20web.jpg",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/9b2c5a_6ef07d0db2614bfca000b9563a19e1e6~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_55,h_58,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_3,enc_auto/Facebook.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Discover the story behind our authentic Italian restaurant located in Spring Hill, FL. Learn about our passion for delicious cuisine and warm hospitality.
|
en
|
My Site 1
|
https://www.guidos-pizza-cafe.com/about-us
|
It was 1918 when my Grandpa Dominick and his brother, Uncle Jim Guido, immigrated from Cozenza, Italy. They opened their first restaurant, Wells Brothers, in Racine, Wisconsin. Following in the family tradition, my Dad, Bill Wells went to Chicago in the 1940's and learned the art of making the best pizza that can be made. Not many people know that the original Chicago-style pizza actually had the thin crust that our Guido's customers have come to love! Dad continued to work with his cousins, Guy and Tony Wells operating the restaurant that their fathers had started, with pizza and classic Italian dishes always our specialty. Today, Wells Brothers restaurant in Racine is operated by my cousins Paula & Bill and still enjoy success after nearly 90 years.
In 1962, Dad opened his first solo restaurant, the Cozy Lounge. Several years later, he changed the name to Guido's, in honor of our family's original last name. Over the years, there would be a total of ten Guido's restaurants located from Racine, Madison, and Green Bay, Wisconsin, down to Sarasota, New Port Richey, Crystal River and since 1984, Spring Hill, Florida. As I grew up, it was natural for me to work hand in hand with my father, learning the business and art of serving good food. Dad and I had a special relationship. We worked, lived, laughed and cried together. Dad passed away at the age of 73 on January 17, 2007. As the third generation owner of Guido's and after 50 years of tried and true experience, I am proud to carry on the tradition of truly caring, as my father taught me.
Today, Guido's is all the more cherished by our family and devoted staff as we remember the guiding love and passion that my dad and his wife, Kelly, brought to the restaurant everyday. I too, believe that our customers are our first priority. Just like Dad, Grandpa and our family in Racine, we continuously strive to prepare the finest quality food available with courteous and efficient service in a cozy atmosphere. We hope you enjoy your dining experience. Bon Appetito!
Thank you,
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 9
|
https://dbpedia.org/page/Pizza_73
|
en
|
About: Pizza 73
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300
|
[
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/dbpedia_logo_land_120.png",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pizza_73_Logo.svg?width=300",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/virt_power_no_border.png",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/LoDLogo.gif",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/sw-sparql-blue.png",
"https://dbpedia.org/statics/images/od_80x15_red_green.png",
"https://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml-rdfa"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta.
|
DBpedia
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pizza_73
|
dbo:abstract
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. Pizza 73 was the first delivery chain in Alberta to have a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meal by phone; Pizza 73 has allowed orders online by the internet since 1995. The restaurant has been recognized as one of Canada's 50 best-managed services, and one of Alberta's 50 fastest-growing companies by Alberta Venture. (en)
rdfs:comment
Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has 89 locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. (en)
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 56
|
https://tercesjobs.com/food-service-counter-attendant/5133
|
en
|
Food service counter attendant, Calgary
|
[
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/logo.png",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/flags/24/ca.png",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/flags/32/ca.png",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/storage/app/default/picture.jpg",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif",
"https://tercesjobs.com/images/blank.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Requirements: Languages: Candidates must have knowledge of the English Language. Education: Candidates need standard educational qualifications such as a Secondary (high) school graduation...
|
en
|
Terces Jobs
|
https://tercesjobs.com/food-service-counter-attendant/5133
|
Requirements:
Languages: Candidates must have knowledge of the English Language.
Education: Candidates need standard educational qualifications such as a Secondary (high) school graduation certificate
Experience: Candidates don’t need experience although having experience is an asset.
Physical Requirements:
The candidate should be able to perform repetitive tasks
The candidate should be able to stand for extended periods
The candidate should be able to work in fast-paced environment
Responsibilities:
The candidate should be able to clear and clean tables, trays and chairs
The candidate should be able to replenish condiments and other supplies at tables and serving areas
The candidate should be able to keep records of the quantities of food used
The candidate should be able to package take-out food
The candidate should be able to portion and wrap foods
The candidate should be able to prepare, heat and finish simple food items
The candidate should be able to sweep, mop, wash and polish floors
The candidate should be able to serve customers at counters or buffet tables
The candidate should be able to stock refrigerators and salad bars
The candidate should be able to take customers’ orders
The candidate should be able to clean and sanitize kitchen including work surfaces, cupboards, storage areas, appliances and equipment
The candidate should be able to handle and store cleaning products
The candidate should be able to receive, unpack and store supplies in refrigerators, freezers, cupboards and other storage areas
How to apply:
If the position is fit for you and the basic requirements are fulfilled then you can now apply directly to the employer by email (along with your resume) through below mentioned details.
By email:
[email protected]
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 8
|
https://retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2024/07/pizza-pizza-announces-bc-expansion-with-new-multi-year-partnership-at-bc-place-interviews/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza Announces BC Expansion with New Multi-Year Partnership at BC Place [Interviews]
|
[
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RetailInsiderLogo.png",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RI-Logo-285x150-1.png",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Alt-crusts-1200x820.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/1674533256950.jpeg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/R276-1114x1200.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BCPlace-1200x541.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/1669284812929.jpeg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mario_Toneguzzi-600x600.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/User.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/User.jpg",
"https://retailinsider.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Retail-Insider-Newsletter-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mario Toneguzzi",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2024-07-03T12:00:00+00:00
|
The Ontario-based chain is expanding westward with new locations and a partnership with the home of the BC Lions and the Vancouver Whitecaps.
|
en
|
Retail Insider
|
https://retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2024/07/pizza-pizza-announces-bc-expansion-with-new-multi-year-partnership-at-bc-place-interviews/
|
Pizza Pizza has launched a multi-year partnership as the official pizza of BC Place, the BC Lions and the Vancouver Whitecaps.
Pizza Pizza, established in Ontario in 1967, entered the Lower Mainland in 2018 and has grown to over 50 locations in BC.
Pizza Pizza Limited was founded in 1967 in Toronto and has grown to become Canada’s leading national quick service pizza brand with over 775 restaurants across the country. In 2007, Pizza Pizza acquired the Pizza 73 brand, which operates over 100 locations, primarily in Alberta.
Amber Winters, Senior Director of Marketing, Pizza Pizza, said the brand opened 31 locations in Canada last year.
“We’re always open to more. We’re aggressively expanding our footprint across Canada so we are coast to coast and we added 31 locations last year and we’re looking to exceed that this year and a lot of that is headquartered in BC. We are looking to continuously find ways to connect with the audiences in the markets that we serve and deepen our engagement,” she said.
“Sometimes that means through these sorts of stadium engagement plans or sometimes it’s just adding more restaurants in the area just to make it as easy as possible to grab a nice slice or order a pizza to enjoy your event or enjoy your evening.
“For Pizza Pizza, we do look for locations that are quite visible. We do service not only through delivery but also through pickup and walk in traffic. So we like to find places that are high traffic, high visibility and also easy to access. That’s something we’ve found has been very successful in our history and we’ll continue to look for moving forward. We do have some in-seating spaces for customers if they want to eat on site or just want to take it home or wherever they’re heading to, making it accessible for any situation.”
Pizza Pizza has decades of experience feeding sports and entertainment fans, serving millions of slices in stadiums, arenas and festivals across the country. The pizzeria has long-standing partnerships across teams in the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, the Canadian Football League, CFL, Major League Soccer and the Professional Women’s Hockey League.
“We have several (partnerships) across Canada. We’ve been in Scotiabank Arena for many, many years. In Montreal, in the Bell Centre. Canada Life Centre in Winnipeg, etc. We have a lot at the pro level to anything in between from the grassroots and professional. We have Pizza Pizza in many, many buildings across the country,” said Winters.
“We feel pizza and sports, any celebratory event, whether it’s a concert or a game, is worth enjoying over a slice of pizza. We believe that Everyone Deserves Pizza and what better way to enjoy an event than to have it a great experience with a nice hot and fresh slice in your hand to tide you over for the evening. We really feel it’s been a real key to our success in our history.
“Since we’ve been in the Lower Mainland since 2018, this is really our first big stadium deal in the market and we’re really excited to bring that consistent experience to the people of BC.”
Chris May, General Manager at BC Place, said the stadium is “committed to partnering with brands that share our dedication to delivering exceptional fan experiences.”
As the largest multipurpose venue of its kind in Western Canada, BC Place provides a home for international, professional, and amateur sport, entertainment, commerce, cultural experiences, and community gatherings. BC Place is a part of BC Pavilion Corporation (PavCo), a Provincial Crown Corporation of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, Culture & Sport that owns and operates the Vancouver Convention Centre and BC Place.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 3
|
https://chainxy.com/products/pizza73
|
en
|
All Pizza 73 Canada Locations
|
[
"https://chainxy.com/cdn/shop/files/chainXY-logo_184x50.png?v=1612987326",
"https://chainxy.com/cdn/shop/files/chainXY-logo_111x30.png?v=1612987326",
"https://chainxy.com/cdn/shop/files/pizza73_x127@2x.png?v=1716843676",
"https://chainxy.com/cdn/shop/files/pizza73.png?v=1716843676",
"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0091/3470/2650/t/5/assets/pf-90808162--informationbutton.png?v=1616181365",
"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0091/3470/2650/t/5/assets/pf-54d8c9d1--sitemap.png?v=1616185511",
"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0091/3470/2650/t/5/assets/pf-54d8c9d1--sitemap.png?v=1616185511",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=4067164&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Download all Pizza 73 Canada Locations from ChainXY. Last Updated May 27, 2024, ChainXY is tracking 89 locations for Pizza 73 Canada.
|
en
|
//chainxy.com/cdn/shop/files/ChainXY-RGB-Icon_32x32_70e4ed7b-66f7-4a28-ae90-0664d32c961a_32x32.png?v=1706065003
|
ChainXY
|
https://chainxy.com/products/pizza73
|
Formats Available:
Your choice of: CSV, Esri Shapefile, MapInfo TAB, Excel, GeoJSON, KML (Google Earth)
Turnaround Time
All purchases from ChainXY are generated immediately using the latest data from ChainXY and will be emailed to you within 10 minutes.
Disclaimer
ChainXY’s use of any trademarked word is simply to accurately identify the nature of data being sold and is not intended to suggest association, sponsorship, or endorsement.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 55
|
https://www.facebook.com/p/Vias-Pizza-100084562506555/%3Flocale%3Daf_ZA
|
en
|
Facebook
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico
|
[
"https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico
| null | ||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 19
|
https://madeinnewyorkpizza.com/blog/what-is-margherita-pizza/
|
en
|
What is Margherita Pizza?
|
[
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29171818/why-pineapple-belongs-on-pizza.png 750w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29171818/why-pineapple-belongs-on-pizza-300x225.png 300w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29171818/why-pineapple-belongs-on-pizza.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/29171752/mike-hindle-xe1ba7tdpp8-unsplash_720.jpg 720w, https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/29171752/mike-hindle-xe1ba7tdpp8-unsplash_720-300x200.jpg 300w",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/29171752/mike-hindle-xe1ba7tdpp8-unsplash_720.jpg",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png",
"https://cdn.madeinnewyorkpizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/29171528/Logo-black-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"admin"
] |
2023-04-17T13:32:13+00:00
|
Margherita Pizza: The Italian Classic, a simple and delicious combo - made with the freshest ingredients on perfectly crisp dough.
|
en
|
Made In New York Pizza
|
https://madeinnewyorkpizza.com/blog/what-is-margherita-pizza/
|
Pizza Margherita is entirely made with mozzarella cheese, which should be as fresh as possible. They use mozzarella di bufala, an Italian type of mozzarella. You can then top it with some fresh tomatoes from Italy. If you can’t find San Marzano canned tomatoes, you’ll have to make do with regular canned tomatoes.
Margherita pizza is a traditional Italian dish. This Margherita pizza, adapted from Roberta’s restaurant in Brooklyn, is low on cheese (less than 3 ounces of fresh mozzarella) and high on the sauce. Finish with a drizzle of olive oil, and a few freshly torn basil leaves on top of the sauce.
It tastes like fresh mozzarella. The sauce tastes sweet and tangy, similar to marinara or pasta sauce. The crust is delicious, with charred bubbles reminiscent of Neapolitan pizza. It’s difficult, but it’s doable.
The main distinction is that Margherita pizza is made with fresh mozzarella, which contains more liquid than regular mozzarella. The mozzarella on an American cheese pizza is drier than on a specialty pizza. Margherita’s recipe calls for fresh tomatoes and basil every time. These ingredients can be found in American pies as well.
A Margherita pizza is technically a cheese pizza, but a regular cheese pizza’ is a simpler dish with tomato sauce and cheese on top. While mozzarella is the most common cheese used on a cheese pizza, other cheeses such as parmesan may be used in the toppings to create a unique flavor profile.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 16
|
https://pizza-73.pissedconsumer.com/customer-service.html
|
en
|
Pizza 73 Customer Service Phone Number +1 403 273 7373, Email, Help Center
|
[
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/themes/pc2/images/club-widget/banner-club.jpg",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-73.jpg",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-hut.jpg?r=143be7ba657f44b36d80498b6d24ffbba908ba1c",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/p/pizza-hut-canada.png?r=ab1bd09cea27cece82de9c77ed7391bd1776054a",
"https://cdn0.opinion-corp.com/logo/d/dominos-pizza.png?r=2b24a7275cb123304d1330f0f5477181b52bf684",
"https://www.pissedconsumer.com/trackCompany/89951.html"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-25T19:14:17
|
How to contact Pizza 73 customer support at headquarters phone number? Call or write an email to resolve Pizza 73 issues: Shipping and Delivery, Refund, Payments and Charges. Visit the company website www.pizza73.com or help center for more information.
|
en
|
PissedConsumer
|
https://pizza-73.pissedconsumer.com/customer-service.html
|
Summary
Pizza 73 is a Canadian restaurant chain that offers different styles of pizza, along with chicken wings. As of 2007 it is operated by the company called Pizza Pizza, which had acquired the restaurant for a total of CAN70.2 million. There are 89 locations throughout Western Canada, which include the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, etc. The restaurant's name originates from their original phone number: 4737373. Pizza 73 was founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985. It is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, with Michael Overs serving as the restaurant's chairman. It was the first delivery chain in Western Canada that provided a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meal by phone; Pizza 73 also allows orders online by the internet as of 1995. On August 18, 2011, Pizza 73 launched its iPhone application, thus allowing potential customers a new way to order food.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 14
|
https://harvestsystems.ca/harvest-systems-and-pizza-pizza-establish-commercial-relationship-2/
|
en
|
Harvest Systems and Pizza Pizza Establish Commercial Relationship – HARvEST Systems Inc.
|
[
"https://harvestsystems.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HARvEST_Logo_Name_Header.png",
"https://harvestsystems.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HARvEST_Logo_Name_Header.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://harvestsystems.ca/harvest-systems-and-pizza-pizza-establish-commercial-relationship-2/
|
HAMILTON, ON – Harvest Systems Inc. is proud to announce that they have secured an initial order commitment from Pizza Pizza Limited for its POWER (Pizza Oven Waste Energy Recovery) system following a successful demonstration of the product within the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. Harvest’s clean technology system, installed and commissioned at three Pizza Pizza locations, enables the restaurants to efficiently manage their energy usage, cut down on operating costs, and reduce emissions.
“We are thrilled as a company to be moving from innovation to commercialization,” said Jim Cotton, CEO of Harvest Systems. “We spent the last ten years and $1.7M developing the technology, in collaboration with McMaster University, and we are now in a position to reduce costs and greenhouse gas emissions across the restaurant industry.”
Pizza Pizza has committed to 340 units over the next three years, with an initial order of 20 units in Q4 of 2024. The orders are subject to successful completion of product certification and formal sign-off by Pizza Pizza, which is expected to begin in July and take approximately four months to complete.
“We are delighted to be continuing to work together successfully with Harvest Systems, especially as we now pivot to full commercialization and scalability of this exciting and promising new technology,” said Paul Goddard, CEO of Pizza Pizza. “We think the product will benefit both restaurants and the environment, not only in Canada, but also beyond our borders.”
About Harvest Systems
Harvest Systems’ technology harvests and recycles waste heat in order to reduce operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective and scalable way. Currently, the company is focused on the $4.6 billion dollar restaurant industry, where the platform acts as a drop-in replacement for traditional water heaters. Using a novel attachable heat reclaimer, waste heat is captured directly from commercial cooking appliances (such as ovens and fryers) and stored in a hot water tank without affecting safety and performance and resulting in an average 2-year payback. The technology was born out of a $1.7M research collaboration between McMaster University, Pizza Pizza Limited, and Enbridge Gas. Following successful pilots with Pizza Pizza, Harvest Systems is ready to commercialize the pizza oven product and continue to build out its full suite of products.
About Pizza Pizza
|
|||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 41
|
https://www.facebook.com/Pizza73dotcom/videos/free-pizza/841435803984755/
|
en
|
Oil Country, FREE PIZZA ON US CHAIN-WIDE! 🧡💙. Thank you all for an incredible season together 🍕. Use the promo code OILERS at checkout to redeem your...
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Oil Country, FREE PIZZA ON US CHAIN-WIDE! 🧡💙. Thank you all for an incredible season together 🍕. Use the promo code OILERS at checkout to redeem your...
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/Pizza73dotcom/videos/free-pizza/841435803984755/
| ||||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country
|
en
|
List of pizza varieties by country
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pizza_slice_icon.png/80px-Pizza_slice_icon.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg/220px-Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pizza_al_taglio.jpg/220px-Pizza_al_taglio.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg/220px-Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pizza_Rossini.jpg/220px-Pizza_Rossini.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Naples_Salmon_Pizza.jpg/220px-Naples_Salmon_Pizza.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kotipizza_Berlusconi.JPG/97px-Kotipizza_Berlusconi.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atria_Jauhelihapizza.jpg/168px-Atria_Jauhelihapizza.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pizza_bella_vista.jpg/220px-Pizza_bella_vista.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kotipizza_Mexicana.jpg/220px-Kotipizza_Mexicana.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%29_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8E.jpg/168px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%29_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8E.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2_20181121.jpg/97px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2_20181121.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant_in_Chernihiv.jpg/97px-Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant_in_Chernihiv.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pizza_Salami_in_Iwano-Frankiwsk%2C_20.10.2021.jpg/97px-Pizza_Salami_in_Iwano-Frankiwsk%2C_20.10.2021.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tandoori_Paneer_from_India.jpg/220px-Tandoori_Paneer_from_India.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cheesy_Corn_Pizza_Sprinkled_With_Oregano_And_Chilli_Flakes.jpg/220px-Cheesy_Corn_Pizza_Sprinkled_With_Oregano_And_Chilli_Flakes.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pizza-balado.jpg/220px-Pizza-balado.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Israeli_Pizza_w_Corn_BRiboa_3124.jpg/220px-Israeli_Pizza_w_Corn_BRiboa_3124.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Garlic_Fingers.jpg/220px-Garlic_Fingers.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NYPizzaPie.jpg/220px-NYPizzaPie.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pepperoni_pizza_with_basil.jpg/220px-Pepperoni_pizza_with_basil.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Detroit_Style_Pizza_from_Calphalon_Bread_Pans.png/220px-Detroit_Style_Pizza_from_Calphalon_Bread_Pans.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni.png/200px-Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni_e_requeij%C3%A3o.png/200px-Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni_e_requeij%C3%A3o.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chocolate_Pizza.JPG/168px-Chocolate_Pizza.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Pizza_de_presunto_e_requeij%C3%A3o.png/166px-Pizza_de_presunto_e_requeij%C3%A3o.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pizza_Margherita_com_borda_de_p%C3%A3ozinho_recheada.png/168px-Pizza_Margherita_com_borda_de_p%C3%A3ozinho_recheada.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni%2C_brasileira_e_borda.png/168px-Pizza_Hut_Brasil_-_pepperoni%2C_brasileira_e_borda.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pizza%21%21_%283411804990%29.jpg/168px-Pizza%21%21_%283411804990%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pizza%21_One_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%27s_best_treats%21_%289691515439%29.jpg/97px-Pizza%21_One_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%27s_best_treats%21_%289691515439%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pizza_Muzzarella_Uruguay.jpg/220px-Pizza_Muzzarella_Uruguay.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/9px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Afghan_bread.jpg/139px-Afghan_bread.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2014-06-13T14:22:31+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country
|
Pizza, a staple of Italian cuisine, has become one of the most recognizable and popular dishes worldwide. Its widespread adoption into other cuisines, replacing the local traditional dishes, is traced to the early 20th century.
Europe
[edit]
Italy
[edit]
Authentic Neapolitan pizzas (pizza napoletana) are typically made with tomatoes and mozzarella cheese. They can be made with ingredients like San Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to the south of Mount Vesuvius, and mozzarella di bufala Campana, made with the milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of Campania and Lazio in a semi-wild state (this mozzarella is protected with its own European protected designation of origin).[1]
According to the rules proposed by the Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana,[2] the genuine Neapolitan pizza dough consists of wheat flour (type 0 or 00, or a mixture of both), natural Neapolitan yeast or brewer's yeast, salt and water. For proper results, strong flour with high protein content (as used for bread-making rather than cakes) must be used. The dough must be kneaded by hand or with a low-speed mixer. After the rising process, the dough must be formed by hand without the help of a rolling pin or other machine, and may be no more than 3 millimeters (0.12 in) thick. The pizza must be baked for 60–90 seconds in a 485 °C (905 °F) stone oven with an oak-wood fire.[3] When cooked, it should be crispy, tender and fragrant. There are three official variants: pizza marinara, which is made with tomato, garlic, oregano and extra-virgin olive oil, pizza Margherita, made with tomato, sliced mozzarella, basil and extra-virgin olive oil, and pizza Margherita di bufala made with tomato, sliced buffalo mozzarella from Campania, basil and extra-virgin olive oil. The pizza napoletana is a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (Specialità Tradizionale Garantita, STG) product in Europe.[4][5]
Roman pizza, pizza in Lazio (Rome), as well as in many other parts of Italy, is available in two different styles. Take-away shops sell pizza rustica or pizza al taglio.[6] This pizza is cooked in long, rectangular baking pans and relatively thick (1–2 cm). The pizza is often cooked in an electric oven. It is usually cut with scissors or a knife and sold by weight. In pizzerias, pizza is served in a dish in its traditional round shape. It has a thin, crisp base quite different from the thicker and softer Neapolitan-style base. It is usually cooked in a wood-fired oven, giving the pizza its unique flavor and texture. In Rome, a pizza napoletana is topped with tomato, mozzarella, anchovies and oil (thus, what in Naples is called pizza romana, in Rome is called pizza napoletana). Other types of Lazio-style pizza include:
pizza romana (tomato, mozzarella, anchovies, oregano, oil)
pizza viennese (tomato, mozzarella, German sausage, oregano, oil)
pizza capricciosa (mozzarella, tomato, mushrooms, artichokes, cooked ham, olives, oil[7][8])
pizza quattro formaggi ("four cheese pizza":[9] tomatoes, and the cheeses mozzarella, stracchino, fontina and gorgonzola; sometimes ricotta is swapped for one of the latter three)
pizza bianca ("white pizza":[10] a type of bread topped with olive oil, salt and, occasionally herbs,[11] such as rosemary sprigs)
pizza e fichi[12] (pizza with figs)
pizza casalinga ("home-style pizza"): a thin layer of dough which is stretched into an oiled, square "Sicilian" pan, topped sparingly with shredded mozzarella, crushed uncooked canned tomatoes, chopped garlic and olive oil, and baked until the top bubbles and the bottom is crisp.[13]
Pizza quattro stagioni is a popular style prepared with various ingredients in four sections, with each section representing a season of the year.[14][15]
Pizza pugliese is prepared with tomato, mozzarella and onion.[16]
Pizza Rossini is a specialty of Pesaro born at the turn of the 60s in a local pastry shop.[17]
Pizzetta is a small pizza that can range in size from around three inches in diameter to the size of a small personal-sized pizza. It may be served as an hors d'oeuvre.
Sicilian pizza is prepared in a manner originating in Sicily, Italy. Just in the US, the phrase Sicilian pizza is often synonymous with thick-crust or deep-dish pizza derived from the Sicilian Sfincione.[18] In Sicily, there is a variety of pizza called Sfincione.[19] It is believed that Sicilian pizza, Sfincione, or focaccia with toppings, was popular on the western portion of the island as far back as the 1860s.[20]
Pisan pizza (pizza pisana) is a smaller and thicker pizza baked into metal plates and traditionally served with anchovies, capers and grated Grana Padano cheese. The slices are traditionally served folded with a slice of cecina, a chickpeas cake, as street food in Pisa, its province and the nearby provinces of Livorno and Lucca.[21]
Diavola pizza (pizza diavola) is a pizza made with spicy sausage, tomato sauce and grated Grana Padano cheese. [22]
Legislation for traditional Italian pizza
[edit]
There was a bill before the Italian Parliament in 2002 to safeguard the traditional Italian pizza,[23] specifying permissible ingredients and methods of processing[24] (e.g., excluding frozen pizzas). Only pizzas which followed these guidelines could be called "traditional Italian pizzas" in Italy. On 9 December 2009, the European Union, upon Italian request, granted Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) safeguard to traditional Neapolitan pizza, in particular to "Margherita" and "Marinara".[25] The European Union enacted a protected designation of origin system in the 1990s.
Finland
[edit]
Poro, formerly known as the Berlusconi, is Kotipizza's product name for a pizza with smoked reindeer meat, tomato sauce, cheese, chanterelle mushrooms and red onion. The 200g microwave pizza has become a part of Finnish everyday food. The first small pizzas came out of the oven of the Saarioinen factory in Pirkanmaa in April 1981. Today, Atria and Saarioinen produce a total of 27 million per year.
Pizza Berlusconi / Poropizza
Atria Microwave Pizza
Germany
[edit]
In 2023, the most popular pizza variations in Germany were:[26]
Salami
Tonno (tuna and onions)
Margherita
Diavolo/Diavola (hot salami and hot peppers)
Ham
Speciale (salami, ham, mushrooms)
Hawaii (ham, pineapple)
Gyros/kebap/sucuk/hot dog
Quattro formaggi
Funghi (mushrooms)
28.4 % of Germans prefer their pizza Roman style (thin base, thin crust), 28.1 % Neapolitan style (thin base, thick crust) and 15 % American style (thick). More than 50 % enjoy ketchup or sauce hollandaise as a dip for their pizza or substitute for the tomato sauce.
Hungary
[edit]
Hungarians enjoy most of the traditional pizza toppings, but there are some unique local varieties, including "Magyaros" ("Hungarian-style") pizza, which usually has toppings like bacon, kolbász (Hungarian sausage), salami, hot peppers, and red onion.[27] "White pizza" (see below) is also popular, especially because it is similar to Hungarian kenyérlángos or langalló (a type of flatbread often topped with sour cream, bacon and onions).[28]
Pizza Hut opened its first restaurant in Hungary in 1992.[29] Local pizza chains include Don Pepe, Pizza Forte, Il Treno, and Pizza King.
Iceland
[edit]
While Iceland has many traditional American and Italian style pizza toppings, bananas are a common topping there.[30]
Norway
[edit]
Norwegians eat the most pizza in the world according to a 2004 survey by ACNielsen 2004, 5.4 kg/year per capita. 50 million frozen pizzas were sold that year, with consumption being 22,000 tons of frozen pizza, 15,000 tons of home-baked and 13,000 tons of restaurant-made pizzas.[31] By far the most popular is the frozen pizza brand Grandiosa; of all the pizzas frozen or fresh sold in Norway, every other pizza sold is a Pizza Grandiosa. Since its start in 1980 the Grandiosa has been part of Norwegian modern culture and trends, going so far to be unofficially called "The national dish of Norway".
Poland
[edit]
According to thefirstnews.com, "...most ordered pizza in Poland is the capricciosa, while the favourite toppings in Poland are ham, salami, mushrooms, onions and bacon. Garlic dipping sauce is the favourite choice to accompany a pizza is with 68 percent choosing this and tomato sauce in second place with 14 percent."[32]
Sweden
[edit]
The first pizza to be served in Sweden was in 1947 at the ASEA staff canteen in Västerås but it was not until 1968 that it became available to the general public at the Stockholm restaurant Östergök.[33] Pizzerias soon followed, run at first by Italian guest workers and subsequently by migrant Turks, which added an unmistakable hint of the Levant to the Swedish pizza. Swedish pizzas are thicker than the Neapolitan, with a more spiced sauce, and without the characteristic crisp texture, but make use of the traditional toppings, and most pizzerias in Sweden have Margherita, Capricciosa, and Quattro Stagioni pizzas at the top of the menu, although with altered recipes. For example, a Swedish Margherita uses Swedish hard cheese instead of mozzarella and dried oregano instead of fresh basil.
Perhaps the most extreme pizza in Sweden is the Calskrove or Calzskrove (a portmanteau of calzone and "skrovmål" meaning "big meal" but also Northern slang for "hamburger meal"), sold at some pizzerias in northern Sweden, a complete meal of a 150 or 250 grams of hamburger with bread, all regular toppings, and chips (french fries), baked into a regular Calzone with ham as well.[34]
One of the most popular types of pizza in Sweden since the 1980s is kebab pizza, and a song in the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2008 was "Kebabpizza slivovitza".
Ukraine
[edit]
Since the end of the 1980s, a wide variety of pizzas has been available. In Ukraine there are few local kinds of pizza like Kozatska and Selianska. Pizza Margherita and other common varieties are also very popular.
Mini-pizza Bazis with mocarella, 2018, Chernihiv
Pizzas with rucola in Chernihiv, 2018
Pizza quattro formaggi with nuts at restaurant in Chernihiv, 2021
Pizza with salami and mozzarella stuffed crust at restaurant in Ivano-Frankivsk, October 2021
United Kingdom and Ireland
[edit]
Since the 1980s, a wide variety of pizzas ranging from fairly authentic Italian through American style to mass-processed varieties has been available, and pizzas are also commonly made at home using local substitutions such as bacon for prosciutto and cheddar for mozzarella. Dough bases vary widely from homemade doughs to thin Roman-style and thick American stuffed-crust types. The typical British high street now has a variety of restaurants belonging to international Italian- and American-style pizza chains, including homegrown chains PizzaExpress, Strada, and Prezzo as well as Domino's, Pizza Hut, and Papa John's alongside independent, sometimes Italian-run restaurants which may use wood-fired ovens. Spicy varieties enjoy some popularity, including Chicken tikka masala or other curry toppings, chili pizzas, and a typical mid-range restaurant or takeaway will usually have versions of such standard "Italian-American" combinations as 'Hawaiian' (ham and pineapple), 'Pepperoni' (spicy salami), 'Meat Feast' (a mix of meats and salami), and 'Vegeteriana' options. Sweetcorn is a typical topping found in the UK, available as a topping at all major take-aways although notably absent in most other countries. Non-Italian varieties can be found too, particularly in larger cities such as London, for example lahmacun, known as 'Turkish pizzas', or Alsatian 'Flammkuchen'. In some parts of Scotland, a deep-fried pizza called a 'pizza crunch' is sold from fish and chip shops: a frozen pizza, whole or half, is dipped in batter and deep fried, and usually served in the same manner as any other fried item from these shops.
Asia
[edit]
South and East Asia
[edit]
Cambodia
[edit]
Main article: Happy pizza
China
[edit]
Main article: Pizza in China
The presence of pizza restaurant chains in China has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in the country.[35] Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990,[36][37] and Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza both expanded in the Chinese market in the 2000s.[38] In order to fit with China's market demand and national culinary peculiarities Pizza Hut modified its pizza recipes to include local ingredients, such as crab sticks, tuna, soy sauce and corn.[39] As of 2019, Pizza Hut had over 2,000 outlets in China.[40]
India
[edit]
Pizza is an emerging fast food in India.[41] Domestic pizza brands include U.S. Pizza, Smokin' Joes and Pizza Corner. Branded pizza is available in most cities in India. India is the largest market for Domino's Pizza outside the US. Pizza brands feature greater "recipe localization" from pizza makers than many other markets such as Latin America and Europe, but similar to other Asian pizza markets. Indian pizzas are generally spicier and more vegetable-oriented than those in other countries. For instance, oregano spice packs are included with a typical pizza order in India instead of Parmesan cheese.[41] In addition to spicier and more vegetable-oriented ingredients, Indian pizza also utilizes unique toppings like pickled ginger.[30]
Pizza outlets serve pizzas with several Indian-style toppings, such as tandoori chicken and paneer. More conventional pizzas are also eaten. Pizzas available in India range from localized basic variants, available in neighborhood bakeries, to gourmet pizzas with exotic and imported ingredients available at specialty restaurants.
Indonesia
[edit]
In Indonesia, Pizza Hut is the largest pizza chain restaurant, first entering Indonesia in 1984,[42] followed by Domino's Pizza and Papa Ron's Pizza.[43] Popular pizza recipes such as meat lover's with pepperoni, tuna with melted cheese, and beef blackpepper exist in Indonesia. Those recipes originated either from United States or Italy, thus deriving ultimately from a western counterpart.
However, there are also Asian eastern pizzas which includes Indonesian fusion pizza that combine Indonesian favourite as pizza toppings — such as satay,[44] balado and rendang.[45]
Balado pizza, spicy hot balado chili pepper pizza, chicken or beef.[45]
Rendang pizza, spicy and savoury beef rendang pizza.[45]
Satay pizza, beef or chicken satay pizza with peanut sauce.[44]
Other than Indonesian fusion, other Asian fusion pizza are also known in Indonesia, including:[46]
Tom Yum pizza, Tom Yum flavour pizza from Thailand
Bulgogi pizza, Bulgogi flavor pizza from South Korea
Kimchi pizza, Kimchi flavor pizza from South Korea
Tikka Chicken pizza, Chicken tikka flavour pizza from India
Peking Duck pizza, Peking duck flavour pizza from China
Salmon Teriyaki pizza, Teriyaki flavour pizza from Japan
Japan
[edit]
American pizza chains entered Japan in the 1970s (e.g. Shakey's Pizza and Pizza Hut in 1973, Domino's Pizza in 1985). The largest Japanese pizza chain is Pizza-La. Local types of pizza are popular, with many using mayonnaise sauces, and sometimes other ingredients such as corn, potatoes, avocado, eel, or even honey or chocolate pizza (as a dessert). "Side orders" also often include items such as french fries, fried chicken, and baked pasta, as well as vegetable soups and green salads.[47] There is also a strong tradition of using Tabasco sauce on cooked pizzas.
One of the unique pizza toppings found in Japan is squid. While seafood may be found on pizzas in most markets worldwide to some extent, having squid as the focal ingredient is unique to Japan.[30]
Local crust variants also exist, for instance mochi pizza (crust made with Japanese mochi cakes).[48][49] Traditional pizza served in Italian-style restaurants is also popular, and the most popular pizza chain promoting Italian style artisanal pizza is Salvatore Cuomo. The Italian association Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana also has an independent branch in Japan.
Korea
[edit]
Pizza is a popular snack food in South Korea, especially among younger people.[50] Major American brands such as Domino's, Pizza Hut, and Papa John's Pizza compete against domestic brands such as Mr. Pizza and Pizza Etang, offering traditional as well as local varieties which may include toppings such as bulgogi and dak galbi. Korean-style pizza tends to be complicated, and often has nontraditional toppings such as corn, potato wedges, sweet potato, shrimp, or crab. Traditional Italian-style thin-crust pizza is served in the many Italian restaurants in Seoul and other major cities.
North Korea's first pizzeria opened in its capital Pyongyang in 2009.[51]
Pakistan
[edit]
The first pizzerias opened in Karachi and Islamabad in the late 1980s, with Pappasallis serving pizza in Islamabad since 1990. Pizza has gained a measure of popularity in the eastern regions of Pakistan, namely the provinces of Sindh, Punjab, and Azad Kashmir, as well as the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan. Pizza has not penetrated into western Pakistan; of the remaining provinces and territories of Pakistan, only one (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) has seen much of the dish, in the form of a single Pizza Hut in Peshawar.[52] Pizza is very popular in the capital of Balochistan, Quetta and there are many shops open to serve customers with varieties such as Supreme pizza and chicken tikka being popular. Chicken Tikka and achari chicken pizzas are popular. In the regions where pizza is known, spicy chicken and sausage-based pizzas are also very popular, as they cater to the local palate.
Philippines
[edit]
Pizza first arrived in the Philippines during the American period (1901–1946). Many pizza restaurant chains that set up shop in the Philippines (e.g. Shakey's) are American in origin, though a few Filipino brands exist. The common Filipino-style pizza is similar to the Hawaiian pizza except being thinner and sweeter. There are also variants using traditional Filipino dishes like sardines, dried tinapa, bagnet, and longganisa as toppings.[53]
Thailand
[edit]
The Pizza Company Thailand introduced durian pizza in 2018 to mixed reviews.[54][55] It bears mention however that Thai-style pizzas, in homage to Thai cuisine, also appear in the US and elsewhere with peanut-based sauces and ingredients like tofu, bean sprouts, shredded carrots, basil or cilantro, shredded green beans, scallions, and similar items.
West Asia
[edit]
Armenian
[edit]
Main article: Lahmacun
Iran
[edit]
Main article: Iranian pizza
Israel
[edit]
Main article: Matzah pizza
Many Israeli and American pizza stores and chains, including Pizza Hut and Sbarro, have both kosher and non-kosher locations.[citation needed] Kosher locations either have no meat or use imitation meat because of the Jewish religious dietary prohibition against mixing meat with dairy products such as cheese. Kosher pizza locations must also close during the holiday of Passover, when no leavened bread is allowed in kosher locations.[56] (However, many have found solutions by offering a potato starch-based dough.) Some Israeli pizza differs from pizza in other countries because of the very large portions of vegetable toppings such as mushrooms or onions, and some unusual toppings, like corn. Some Pizza chains in north Israel serve Pizza with ketchup packs.
Turkey
[edit]
Pizza establishments in Turkey are a mixture of local restaurants, local chains (e.g. Pizza Max), and international chains like Pizza Hut, Domino's Pizza, Little Caesars, and Sbarro. While most combinations of toppings reflect common ingredients found in Italy, there are additional ingredients available that cater to traditional tastes as well, such as minced beef, spicy Sucuk sausage, cured meats like Pastırma, cheeses like Kaşar and Beyaz, and local olives and herbs. With the exception of some restaurants, pork products like ham and bacon are not available, which are substituted with beef, chicken, or lamb equivalents.
Pizza has several equivalent or similar dishes in traditional Turkish cuisine, such as Black Sea–style or Bafra-style Pide.
North America
[edit]
Canada
[edit]
Main article: Pizza in Canada
Canada has many of its own chains, both national and regional, and many distinctive regional variations and types of pizza resulting from influences of local Canadian cuisine.
Mexico
[edit]
"Mexican pizza" redirects here. For the Taco Bell menu item, see Mexican Pizza.
Pizza in Mexico is made with ingredients typical of Mexican cuisine. The usual toppings that can be found throughout Mexico are chorizo, jalapeño pepper slices, grilled or fried onions, tomato, chili pepper, shrimp, avocado, and sometimes beef, bell peppers, tripas, canned tuna or scallops. This pizza has the usual marinara sauce or white sauce and mozzarella cheese. Variations, substituting pepper jack cheese or Oaxaca cheese for mozzarella, are also popular.[57]
United States
[edit]
In 1905, the first pizza establishment in the United States was opened in New York's Little Italy.[58] Due to the influx of Italian immigrants, the U.S. has developed regional forms of pizza, some bearing only a casual resemblance to the Italian original. Chicago has its own style of a deep-dish pizza, and New York City's style of pizza is well-known. New York–style pizza refers to the thin crust pizza popular in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Connecticut is also home to New Haven–style pizza, made whole and cooked in an extremely hot coal-fired oven. Various bar or tavern styles of pizza are especially popular across the Midwest, from Minneapolis to Chicago and St. Louis to Columbus; these all use a thin crust and are cut into rectangles. Philadelphia provides sauce on top of the cheese; Detroit-style pizza is a square pizza that has a thick deep-dish crisp crust, and is generally served with the sauce on top of the cheese. The square shape is the result of an early tradition of using metal trays originally meant to hold small parts in factories. The jumbo slice is an oversized New York–style pizza sold by the slice to go, especially in the Adams Morgan neighborhood in Washington, D.C. The white clam pie is a pizza variety that originated at the Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana restaurant in New Haven, Connecticut.[59] Barbecue pizza was first made at Coletta's in Memphis, using pulled pork and barbecue sauce, now popular in the Southern United States. In California the barbecue chicken pizza is popular, first invented by Ed LaDou in 1985.[60] The BBQ burnt end pizza can be found in Kansas City.
Taco Bell sells a food item called the Mexican Pizza. It resembles a double decker, open faced tostada. It is relatively unknown in Mexico. The Mexican Pizza is normally made with beef, but its vegetarian variant made with beans has a cult following among South Asian Americans.[61]
Oceania
[edit]
Australia
[edit]
The usual Italian varieties are available, though more common is the style popular in the U.S., with more and richer toppings than Italian style. A common unique type is the Aussie, Australian or Australiana, which has the usual tomato base or a seasoned base and mozzarella cheese with options of chicken, ham, bacon and egg (seen as quintessentially Australian breakfast fare). Pizzas with seafood such as prawns are also popular. In the 1980s some Australian pizza shops and restaurants began selling "gourmet pizzas", that is, pizzas with more expensive ingredients such as mangoes, salmon, dill, bocconcini, tiger prawns, or unconventional toppings such as kangaroo meat, emu and crocodile. "Wood-fired pizzas", that is, those cooked in a ceramic oven heated by wood fuel, are well-regarded.[citation needed]
Franchised pizza chains coexist with independent pizzerias. Middle-Eastern bakeries and kebabs shops often sell pizza, which is often done in a Lebanese or Turkish style.
In Australia, barbecue sauce and traditional tomato sauce are both common and popular sauces for pizza bases. White pizza (i.e.: without sauce) is not common.
New Zealand
[edit]
The usual Italian varieties are available and independent restaurants are common, coexisting with franchise chains. New Zealand's first dedicated pizza franchise was opened by Pizza Hut in New Lynn in 1974, with Eagle Boys and Pizza Haven following in the mid-1990s and Domino's in 2003.[62] One notable indigenous chain is Hell Pizza established in 1996 – which now has outlets worldwide – distinguishing itself by often-controversial marketing and using only free-range ingredients. Furthermore, Middle-Eastern bakeries and kebabs shops often sell pizza, which is often done in Turkish style.
New Zealand has no rules for pizza construction, leading to an eclectic and varied approach to toppings. Gourmet and "wild" ingredients are often used, and New Zealanders are apt to push the boundaries of what a pizza can be.[63]
In 2017, spaghetti pizza gained media attention when then Prime Minister of New Zealand Bill English posted a recipe to his Facebook account that included tinned spaghetti.[64] The recipe included pineapple as a topping.[65] Responses on social media included support for spaghetti pizza as a simple and cheap family meal.[66] In 2019 Domino's Pizza included a "Hawaiian Spaghetti Pizza" on the menu on its franchises in New Zealand.[67]
South America
[edit]
Argentina
[edit]
Main article: Argentine pizza
Brazil
[edit]
In 2007, São Paulo was the second largest consumer of pizza in the world, behind only New York City, with 1.4 million pizzas consumed daily. It also had 6,000 pizza establishments, out of a total of 25,000 in the country (24%).[68][69]
It is said that the first Brazilian pizzas were baked in the Brás district of São Paulo in the late part of the 19th century. Until the 1940s, pizza was almost only found in the Italian communities around the country. Since then, pizza became increasingly popular among the rest of the population. The most traditional pizzerias are still found in the Italian neighborhoods, such as Bexiga (official name: Bela Vista).[citation needed]
The date 10 July is "Pizza Day" in São Paulo, marking the final day of an annual competition among "pizzaiolos". In São Paulo, almost every local neighborhood pizzeria uses wood-fired brick ovens.[70]
Both Neapolitan (thick crust) and Roman (thin crust) varieties are common in Brazil, with traditional savory versions using tomato sauce and mozzarella as a base. Brazilian pizza in general, though, tends to have less tomato sauce than authentic Italian pizza.
A common ingredient in Brazilian pizza is requeijão (sometimes referred to by the name of a famous brand, "Catupiry"), a creamy and loose white cheese. Common toppings, such as pepperoni or ham, are often offered with requeijão as well – in the case of pepperoni and Catupiry, the combination is sometimes called "catuperoni". Brazil's pizza quattro formaggi, called "quatro queijos", is usually made using mozzarella, requeijão, parmesan and provolone or, sometimes, gorgonzola; some pizzerias offer a variety with all five cheeses.
Calabresa pizza is widely regarded as the most popular pizza in Brazil – calabresa being a Brazilian variant of sausage somewhat similar to pepperoni. Shredded chicken with requeijão (Portuguese: frango com requeijão or frango com Catupiry) is not as popular, but still among the most popular pizza topping choices.[71][72]
Another common occurrence in Brazilian pizzas is stuffed crust, usually with requeijão or cream cheese in savory pizzas.
Brazil is mostly liberal when it comes to pizza toppings. Apart from ketchup, commonly added to pizzas by customers in some regions and sometimes frowned upon by foreigners,[73] Brazilian pizzas are sometimes very exotic, with choices such as chicken or beef Stroganoff pizza; cheeseburger pizza; French fries pizza; fettuccine pizza; among others.[74][75]
Chocolate pizza served as a dessert at a restaurant in Brazil
Ham pizza with requeijão streaks
Brazilian Margherita pizza with requeijão-stuffed bun crust
Brazilian half-pepperoni, half-ham, olives and requeijão pizza, with cream cheese-filled bun crust
Ham pizza with requeijão and cheddar
An unusual order of half savory (tomatoes, olives), half sweet (Prestígio [pt]: chocolate with coconut) pizza
Sweet pizzas are also very common in Brazil, and usually fall into one of two main categories: chocolate or banana. Chocolate pizzas are more versatile in their ingredients, being topped with chocolate sprinkles to mimic a brigadeiro, M&M's, strawberries or sometimes brownie chunks or even ice cream. Banana pizzas, on the other hand, are usually covered in sugar and cinnamon, and sometimes have a layer of mozzarella beneath the bananas.[76]
Stuffed crusts are also available for sweet pizzas: they can be stuffed with a variety of chocolates, or even hazelnut and cocoa creams.[76]
Colombia
[edit]
"Hawaiian pizza" is popular in Colombia.[citation needed] This pizza is topped with ham and pineapple.
Uruguay
[edit]
Pizza has completely blended into Uruguayan culinary culture, a country with a significant italian population. Typical Uruguayan pizzas are medium thick crust, characterised by their rectangular shape and their cooking method within a clay oven, which is why this kind of pizza is called "a la piedra" (on the stone).
Common pizza toppings are ham, olives, peppers, mushrooms, pancetta, palm hearts, mussels and shrimps.
Popular varieties include pizza rellena (stuffed pizza), pizza por metro (pizza by the meter), and pizza a la parrilla (grilled pizza). While Uruguayan pizza largely derives from Neapolitan cuisine, yeast-leavened sicilian pizza is common on events such as birthdays or reunions under the name pizza de cumpleaños (birthday pizza). The figazza derives from focaccia genovese (Genoan) and consists of a thick pizza dough topped with onions and sometimes olives and/or bell peppers; less common is the addition of mozzarella on top of the onion layer.[77][78]
Sliced pizza is often served along with fainá, made with chickpea flour and baked in the same oven, and is commonly called a caballo.
The American style round pizza was introduced in the 1990s and is called pizzeta to differentiate it from traditional rectangular pizza a la piedra.
See also
[edit]
Food portal
Society portal
Lists portal
List of pizza chains
References
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 82
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/boston-pizza-international-inc
|
en
|
Boston Pizza International Inc.
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Boston Pizza International Inc.\n5500 Parkwood WayRichmond",
"British Columbia V6V 2M4CanadaTelephone: (604) 270-1108Fax: (604) 270-4168Web site: https://www.bostonpizza.com"
] | null |
[] | null |
Boston Pizza International Inc.
5500 Parkwood WayRichmond, British Columbia V6V 2M4CanadaTelephone: (604) 270-1108Fax: (604) 270-4168Web site: https://www.bostonpizza.com Source for information on Boston Pizza International Inc.: International Directory of Company Histories dictionary.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/boston-pizza-international-inc
|
5500 Parkwood Way
Richmond, British Columbia V6V 2M4
Canada
Telephone: (604) 270-1108
Fax: (604) 270-4168
Web site: http://www.bostonpizza.com
Private Company
Incorporated: 1978 as Boston Pizza International Ltd
Sales: CAD 645 million ($553 million) (2006 est.)
NAIC: 722110 Full-Service Restaurants; 551112 Offices of Other Holding Companies
Boston Pizza International Inc., of Canada, together with its U.S. counterpart, Boston Pizza Restaurants L.P., is the franchiser of pizza restaurants that incorporate full-service casual dining and sports bar in one building. While pizza is a chain specialty, the company’s menu also includes burgers, sandwiches, soups, salads, appetizers, and desserts. Boston Pizza locations typically accommodate 180 to 250 patrons, including their 80-seat sports bars; seasonal outdoor patio space seats an additional 50 to 75 guests. Families and young adults between 25 and 49 comprise the primary customer base, which is divided into three restaurant industry segments: business lunch, casual dining, and late-night patrons. In 2006, there were more than 300 franchised or companyowned locations throughout Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and systemwide sales topped CAD 645 million.
When Greek immigrant Gus Agioritis arrived in Vancouver, Canada, in 1958, he had little more to his name than the clothes he was wearing and less than $50 in cash. In 1964, after several years spent working in a variety of jobs, he opened the Boston Pizza and Spaghetti House in Edmonton. Agioritis had never visited Boston, but, he explained later, he chose to name his restaurant after the American city because he thought the fame and popularity of two sports teams at the time (the Boston Bruins and the Boston Red Sox) would make his establishment stand out to customers. Long after the Boston Pizza name outgrew its original location, Agioritis was quoted in Maclean’s describing his early business as “a Canadian company with an American name operated by Greeks serving Italian food.” Within four years of opening his restaurant, Agioritis began franchising the name and concept to friends and family members. From a single familyoperated business in Edmonton, the Boston Pizza name began to spread throughout Alberta and British Columbia and would soon be found in 17 locations in western Canada, most of which were franchised.
EARLY YEARS OF GROWTH: 1968–83
One of the earliest nonfamily member franchisees was Jim Treliving. As an officer with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Treliving was also a customer who observed firsthand the early success of Boston Pizza’s expansion, and he decided to get into the business for himself. In 1968 he left his career as a Mountie—much to the disappointment of his own family—to open a Boston Pizza location in Penticton, British Columbia.
Soon afterward, he met George Melville, manager of the local Peat Marwick office. Melville became Treliving’s accountant and business consultant, helping him develop his business. In 1973 Melville joined Treliving’s company as a partner. Melville and Treliving spent the next ten years building a chain of more than a dozen Boston Pizza restaurants throughout British Columbia.
Meanwhile, the modest enterprise founded by Gus Agioritis had grown to more than 40 restaurants. A frugal business owner with a generous spirit who believed in helping family and friends establish their own successful businesses, Agioritis was also a family man who was ready to retire and spend more time with his loved ones. Accordingly, he made plans to sell the bulk of his business to an employee and longtime friend, Ron Coyle.
In March 1978 Coyle bought the rights to the Boston Pizza name, along with franchising rights to 31 of the existing 42 restaurants. Agioritis family members retained ownership of 11 of the original restaurants, operating them under different names. More than three decades later, Maclean’s reported that the founder did not regret retiring and selling his company after being at the helm of 14 years of continuous growth. As quoted in Maclean’s, Agioritis remarked, “It was a good thing we sold; new blood can do a better job.” He also spoke with pride about the company he started, saying, “It’s my creation, like a kid. … You always love your kid.”
Under Coyle’s leadership, the company became Boston Pizza International Ltd. New growth initiatives included further franchising, plus the establishment of the Annual Franchisee Conference, a yearly opportunity for Boston Pizza franchisees to gather and talk about their common business interests and concerns. Boston Pizza continued to expand throughout western Canada. Among the most active franchisees were Treliving and Melville, whose holdings reached 16 locations by the early 1980s. Their enthusiasm and vision for the Boston Pizza brand would soon lead to dramatic growth for the company as a whole.
NEW OWNERSHIP AND EXPANSION: 1983–98
By 1983, Coyle had more than replaced the number of Boston Pizza outlets that were dropped from the chain in his original purchase from Agioritis in 1978. There were 44 Boston Pizza locations in operation when Treliving and Melville approached Coyle about buying him out. They acquired the company from Coyle in 1983 in a CAN $3.8 million transaction that relied fully on funding from outside investors and a loan from the seller. Shortly after taking ownership of the entire company, Treliving and Melville turned over 15 of their restaurants to new franchisees. They turned their remaining location into a corporate training restaurant, and began developing standards and business systems that would allow them to turn an already-successful franchise model into a high-growth business that would support more rapid expansion.
Within three years of taking over the company as co-owners and cochairs, Treliving and Melville made a successful bid to be the official supplier of pizza to Canada’s Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The company’s prominence alongside established fast-food and restaurant names like McDonald’s led to increased investor interest, and by 1988, Boston Pizza had launched 17 new franchised locations.
In 1992, the corporate headquarters of Boston Pizza International Inc. was established in Richmond, British Columbia. During the 1990s, Boston Pizza outlets evolved into full-service casual dining restaurants with menus that included appetizers, salads, nonpizza entrees, desserts, and the separate—but same-space—sports bar concept was added as a component in every location. By 1995, the company’s size had reached nearly 100 restaurants, all in western Canada, and sales exceeded CAN $110 million for the year. Continued growth would require moving beyond the boundaries of the western provinces, so the corporate management team began to look to the east.
COMPANY PERSPECTIVES
The company’s mission is to be a world class franchisor through selecting and training people to profitably manage an outstanding foodservice business. To achieve this goal we are innovative and responsive in our approach to business. We work as a team providing attention to detail but never losing sight of the larger picture. We recognize the need to provide leadership in all areas of operations, marketing and restaurant development.
In 1997 Boston Pizza International opened its first regional office, in Mississauga, Ontario. Treliving relocated to Toronto to oversee the company’s entry into eastern Canada. The regional corporate staff included some Boston Pizza senior managers from Vancouver as well as newly hired foodservice management professionals and business development specialists. In September 1998, the first Boston Pizza location opened in Ottawa. Less than a decade later, there would be more than 60 Boston Pizza restaurants throughout eastern Canada, including nine in the Maritime Provinces. At the outset of its eastward expansion, Boston Pizza International also had its eye on growth south of the country’s border.
CROSSING NEW BORDERS: 1998–2005
As a first step toward establishing a presence in the United States, Boston Pizza International opened a regional office in Dallas, Texas, in 1998, for its U.S. franchising authority, Boston Pizza Restaurants, L.P. In December of that year, the first U.S. restaurant opened, in Tempe, Arizona, under the name “Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.” Five years later, nearly a dozen such outlets were in business. Nearly identical to their Canadian counterparts, the stores featured the same dual focus—casual dining and sports bar—and the same signature menu items. As in Canada, the sports bars’ décor and memorabilia reflected local and regional sports fan favorites. By May 2005, 25 franchised units had opened in a dozen states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin) and restaurants were slated to open the following year in Florida, Michigan, and Tennessee.
In 2002, when eight U.S. restaurants were in operation with others on the horizon, Mark Powell, chief financial officer of Boston Pizza International, had this to say in CMA Management: “The business model for Boston Pizza in Canada has been successfully transported to the U.S. and the economics are basically the same. … the unit economics are affordable, so our business model works south of the border. A lot of Canadian companies have gone south and struggled, but even in the face of a softer economy, we’re still looking at growth.” One year later, CEO and co-owner Jim Treliving acknowledged that certain American economic factors, including a weak restaurant economy and heavy competition from all segments of the casual restaurant industry, might deter some companies from trying to penetrate the United States as a new international market. However, in an interview published in Pizza Today in August 2003, he remarked that the timing had actually benefited Boston Pizza’s plans, saying, “It’s easier to get locations. It’s easier to get people and staff. These days, we have developers coming after us, instead of us having to go after them.”
Four years after Boston Pizza entered the American market, the company signed its first franchise agreement to open a location in Mexico. In Nation’s Restaurant News, in November 2002, Boston Pizza vice-president of operations Ron Jones noted, “The deal really was not a part of a planned process, but in the act of selling franchises in the U.S. we attracted some attention there.” The restaurant, located in Merida, Yucatan, opened in early 2003.
While Boston Pizza’s expansion into both the United States and Mexico was underway, further expansion into eastern Canada continued, as well. In 2004, a regional office was established in Laval, Quebec, followed by the first restaurant in the city in July of that year. Less than three years later, the province was home to 15 additional restaurants with an eventual goal of 50 total outlets provincewide.
KEY DATES
1964:
Greek immigrant Gus Agioritis opens the Boston Pizza and Spaghetti House in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
1968:
Jim Treliving opens a Boston Pizza franchise in Penticton, British Columbia.
1970:
Agioritis’ company consists of 17 Boston Pizza locations in western Canada, most of which are franchised.
1973:
Treliving and George Melville become partners in a chain of Boston Pizza franchises throughout British Columbia.
1978:
Ron Coyle buys the Boston Pizza name from the founder and operates the company as Boston Pizza International Ltd.
1983:
Treliving and Melville buy the company from Coyle.
1986:
Boston Pizza becomes the official pizza sponsor of Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia.
1992:
A corporate headquarters office is established in Richmond, British Columbia.
1998:
Company enters the U.S. market with offices in Dallas and a restaurant in Tempe, Arizona, called Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.
2002:
Boston Pizza brand and trademark is transferred to a licensing agreement with the Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund.
2003:
A franchise opens in Mexico.
2005:
Canadian restaurants number 200, with sales in excess of $393 million.
2007:
The 50th U.S. location opens in Fort Worth, Texas.
In July 2002, the legal structure of the company was altered, at least in Canada, when Boston Pizza International established the Boston Pizza (BP) Royalties Income Fund, which operated as a limited purpose, open-ended trust. The BP Royalties Income Fund owned the trademarks and trade names used by Boston Pizza International in Canada. The fund licensed the use of the trademarks to Boston Pizza International, and in turn the company paid the BP Royalties Income Fund 4 percent of all franchise sales for the Canadian restaurants. Although Boston Pizza International remained a privately held company, shares of the BP Royalties Income Fund were traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The value of the shares was determined by the financial performance of the company’s Canadian franchised stores.
In August 2002, Boston Pizza International began to pursue trademark infringement action against the Boston Market Corporation (BMC) and its parent company, McDonald’s Restaurants of Canada Limited, related to BMC’s entry into the Canadian restaurant market at the beginning of the decade. Boston Pizza charged that the Boston Market name infringed on the long-established identity of the Boston Pizza name, logo, and restaurant concept. The BMC group filed a countersuit seeking to undermine the validity of the Boston Pizza trademarks, challenging their registration history, citing the change in trademark ownership to the BP Royalties Income Fund. Federal court action in 2003 dismissed some but not all of the counterclaims against Boston Pizza, ostensibly allowing litigation to proceed from both sides. At the time, it was expected that legal proceedings would occur during 2005, but in its first quarterly report for 2007, the BP Royalties Income Fund indicated that trademark litigation had not yet been resolved. The lingering trademark issues did not have any potential impact on the company’s restaurants in the United States, in part because the trademarked restaurant name in that country is “Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza.”
POISED FOR GROWTH: 2006 AND BEYOND
Boston Pizza’s growth strategy relied on adding franchisees and increasing revenues per location. The company worked to keep the brand fresh and appealing to customers and franchisees alike through continuous improvement and strong corporate support. Emphasis was on protecting and improving franchise profitability, enhancing the Boston Pizza brand through menu innovation and community visibility, and keeping customer satisfaction high.
The placement of a new Boston Pizza or Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza store was carefully researched in order to find the optimum combination of geography, demographics, real estate costs, and even the right competition and complementary businesses. To succeed financially in this industry niche, a restaurant had to attract customers in three distinct time periods: lunch, dinner, and late night. The ideal “neighborhood” for a Boston Pizza store would include businesses that provided steady lunch customers, youth-friendly entertainment options such as a movie cinema that supported a late-night crowd, and proximity to suburban shopping and residential areas to attract guests for dinnertime casual dining and happy hour or weekend sports bar patronage. Having other casual dining establishments nearby could also be a favorable part of the placement mix, since higher volumes of consumers were drawn to an area where multiple options created the atmosphere of a dining destination. The placement process also involved locating stores carefully so that new restaurants did not siphon business away from the company’s existing franchisees.
The buildings themselves were expected to adhere to exacting prototype standards, which included the renovation of restaurants every seven years to keep pace with current corporate design. This not only strengthened the visual identity of the brand, it was also found to increase revenues in the renovated stores by 10 to 15 percent. Every Boston Pizza location included both a family-style restaurant and a separate sports bar. Once inside, customers would find that while there were some regional differences in menu options, certain signature items were always available systemwide.
Training, education, and ongoing support were key elements of Boston Pizza’s growth strategy. As soon as an agreement was signed with a qualified franchisee, start-up assistance from the corporate staff began. There was real estate department assistance to find a good location and negotiate a deal; the corporate office helped franchisees hire an architect; the construction department helped ensure that the location was built to the company’s specifications. Franchisees also got help with marketing and promoting their business.
New franchisees and their managers participated in mandatory six-week training sessions that included both hands-on and classroom education. The corporate office provided another week of business management training and guidance in setting up the financial aspects of the franchise. Prior to a store’s opening, another team of corporate trainers spent two weeks helping to hire and train onsite employees. The opening support team stayed on site for another four weeks, on average, to work with the new employees and get the store off to a solid start. This was considered an investment not only in the success of the location, but in preserving corporate reputation and brand value as well. Boston Pizza President Mark Pacinda noted in CMA Management, “It’s hard to recover from a bad launch. … An opening has to be strong.”
Boston Pizza International was recognized for its charitable giving at both the corporate and store level. The Boston Pizza Foundation supported a variety of causes, and restaurants in both Canada and the United States were active in charitable giving and fund-raising for local programs, especially those that benefited literacy and community youth activities. Local donations typically began even before a restaurant had officially opened for business; traditionally, a store’s employees would pool tips received during certain “dress rehearsal” meals, with the proceeds being donated to a fund that benefited a local program.
At the end of 2006 there were 266 Boston Pizza locations throughout Canada, from west to east: two in the Yukon and Northwest Territories; 58 in British Columbia; 84 in Alberta; 12 in Saskatchewan; 14 in Manitoba; 65 in Ontario; 15 in Quebec (with an additional opening in May 2007); and 16 in the Atlantic region. Boston Pizza International has been named one of Canada’s 50 Best Managed Companies every year since 1994 and it is considered one of Canada’s premier restaurant chains, with strong name recognition coast to coast.
In January 2007 Doug MacDonald was named president of Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza in the United States. In a company press release, he noted, “Boston’s is going through a major growth period and it’s an exciting time for the entire franchise organization. Our sister company, Boston Pizza, is the No. 1 casual dining brand in Canada—our goal is to be the No. 1 casual dining brand in the United States.” That year the 50th U.S. location was opened, in Fort Worth, Texas.
In May 2007 Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza added more than a dozen dishes to its already extensive casualdining menu, including baked pasta dishes featuring shrimp, sausage, ravioli, or spaghetti; pizza variations such as the Flying Buffalo Pizza and the Extreme Mushroom Neapolitan Pizza; and new salad, soup, and dessert offerings. The same month, Pizza Marketplace reported that in Canada, Boston Pizza would soon drop all “industrially-added trans fats” from items on its menu, and would also add 14 new items, six of which were to be designated with the “Health Check” symbol to help customers identify healthful food choices. A new Kids Menu would introduce more trans-fat-free choices for children, too.
Nearly four decades after the first franchised location opened in western Canada, Boston Pizza appeared poised for continued growth in locations and revenue, with more than 300 active locations systemwide, franchise agreements in place for additional restaurants in Canada and the United States, and a corporate strategy for expansion that was both deliberate and ambitious.
Pamela Willwerth Aue
PRINCIPAL OPERATING UNITS
Boston Pizza International Inc. (Canada); Boston Pizza Restaurants, L.P. (United States).
PRINCIPAL COMPETITORS
Eastside Mario’s Restaurant; Pizza 73; Rock Bottom Restaurants Inc.; California Pizza Kitchen Inc.; Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Inc.; Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation.
FURTHER READING
Allossery, Patrick, “The Big Cheese,” Foodservice & Hospitality, February 2005, p. 38.
Annandale, Rob, “Boston Pizza Party: A Chain that Began in Edmonton Rules the Burbs,” Maclean’s, September 5, 2005, p. 30.
“Boston Pizza,” BC Business, October 1994, p. 77.
“Boston Pizza Gets Top Rating Among Royalty Trusts from RBC, Price Target Lowered to $16,” National Post, March 13, 2007.
“Boston Pizza Latest to Dump Trans Fat,” PizzaMarketplace, May 23, 2007.
“Boston Pizza Lends Support to Literacy Program,” Nation’s Restaurant News, March 22, 2004, p. 26.
“Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund and Boston Pizza International Inc. Announce April Distribution and Record First Quarter Sales Results,” CCNMatthews, May 11, 2007.
“Boston Pizza v. Boston Market Trademark Trial Expected in 2005,” PizzaMarketplace, July 29, 2003.
“Boston’s Pizza Chain Inks 3 Pacts for 14-Unit California Push,” Nation’s Business News, October 2, 2006, p. 94.
“Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza Opens Four New Locations, Including Its 50th Grand Opening,” press release, May 9, 2007.
“Boston’s The Gourmet Pizza Revamps Menu After Year of Testing,” Nation’s Restaurant News, April 16, 2007, p. 16.
Byfield, Mike, “Everywhere but Boston,” Alberta Report, November 22, 1999, p. 32.
Caira, Rosanna, “Dough Boys: Interview with Chief Executive of Boston Pizza, Mark Pacinda,” Foodservice & Hospitality, July 2006, p. 72.
“Canadian Pizza Concept Makes U.S. Debut,” Nation’s Restaurant News, December 21, 1998, p. 142.
Cebrzynski, Gregg, “Humor Gives the Sales Pitch a Helping Hand in Boston Pizza’s TV Spots,” Nation’s Restaurant News, September 11, 2006, p. 14.
Colman, Robert, “A Bigger Slice of the Pie: Boston Pizza Has Experienced Impressive Growth over the Past 10 Years,” CMA Management, April 2005, p. 30.
Cooper, John, “Show Me the Dough: CMA Mark Powell Gets the Franchise Recipe Right for One of Canada’s Best-Managed Companies,” CMA Management, March 2002, p. 46.
Holm, Jordan, “Boston Pizza Royalties Income Fund,” Income Trust Report, July 2006, pp. 4–6.
Kelly, Elizabeth, “Pizza a l’oseille,” CA Magazine (French edition), April 2007, p. 22.
King, Paul, “Boston’s the Gourmet Pizza Ready to Slice into Mexican Market,” Nation’s Restaurant News, November 25, 2002, p. 16.
_____, “Shades of M*A*S*H! Pizza Chain Fills Soldier’s Wish,” Nation’s Restaurant News, November 24, 2003, p. 32.
Norris, Maya, “American Pie,” Chain Leader, May 2005, p. 87.
Olijnyk, Zena, “What a Slice,” Canadian Business, April 2004, p. 25.
“Party On, Pizza; 200th Store of Boston Pizza,” Foodservice & Hospitality, August 2004, p. 7.
Reinhardt, Kari, “A Slice of Optimism,” Foodservice & Hospitality, July 2000, p. 73.
“Restaurant Serves Up More than Pizza,” Food Institute Report, January 5, 2004, p. 2.
Siegel, Jeff, “Canadian Invasion: Can Boston Pizza Grow in the U.S.?” Pizza Today, August 2003.
Spence, Rick, “Lessons from the Dragons’ Den: Divorce, Then Marriage,” Profit, October 2006.
Stout, Heidi J., “Large Dining Chain Plans Big Expansion,” Portland Business Journal, December 29, 2003.
Strandlund, Nicole, “Failure Proves No Deterrent to Restaurateurs,” Business Edge (Alberta, B.C.), February 16, 2006.
|
|||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 94
|
https://woodbine.com/corporate/2015/06/08/pizza-pizza-now-exclusive-pizza-supplier-at-woodbine-and-mohawk/
|
en
|
Pizza Pizza now exclusive pizza supplier at Woodbine and Mohawk
|
[
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/corporate/images/wegcorp-logo.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/corporate/images/wegcorp-logo-white.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/uploads/LevelAccess-logo-white.png",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/corporate/images/WoodbineCaresLogo2019.png",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/twitter-ft.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/instagram-ft.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/youtube-ft.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/facebook-ft.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/linkedin-ft.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/logo-woodbine-ftr.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/mohawk-proplogo-ftr.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/mohawk2-proplogo-ftr.png",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/logo-champions.png",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/logo-wegz.svg",
"https://woodbine.com/wp-content/themes/woodbine/images/logo-hpibet.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Woodbine"
] |
2015-06-08T00:00:00
|
TORONTO, June 8 – Woodbine Entertainment Group (WEG) and Pizza Pizza, Canada‘s leading pizza chain with over 700 traditional and non-traditional restaurants from coast-to-coast, today announced the food company as a race sponsor and the exclusive pizza supplier for both Woodbine and Mohawk Racetracks. A Canadian leader and innovator since 1967, Pizza Pizza continues to […]
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Woodbine Entertainment
|
https://woodbine.com/corporate/2015/06/08/pizza-pizza-now-exclusive-pizza-supplier-at-woodbine-and-mohawk/
|
A Canadian leader and innovator since 1967, Pizza Pizza continues to deliver a flavourful, and high-quality diverse menu to pizza-lovers of all ages and tastes. As a restaurant, employer, business partner and caring company, Pizza Pizza, is recognized as a leader in the quick service segment, and is the top pizza chain in the country.
“Woodbine Entertainment Group is extremely pleased to welcome Pizza Pizza as a race sponsor and supplier,” said Jorge Soares, WEG’s Sr. Director, Hospitality & Off-Track Operations. “They are a trusted and respected Canadian brand, whose presence will be well-received by our fans. Their outdoor quick service concept will offer ‘Hot and Fresh’ pizza slices to our guests on major race days, all of which supports WEG’s initiatives to provide first-class experiences to our fans and horseplayers.”
The partnership, which leverages WEG’s premium horse racing and Pizza Pizza’s popular menu, also includes a race sponsorship at the Queen’s Plate (Sunday, July 5, at Woodbine), Canada’s premier horse race. Pizza Pizza will also have a presence at other major events at Woodbine and Mohawk.
“In the last year alone, Pizza Pizza has fulfilled more than 28 million orders and participated in events attended by more than 15 million people,” said Pat Finelli, Chief Marketing Officer, Pizza Pizza. “The entertainment options, coupled with the thousands of people who visit Woodbine and Mohawk Racetracks each year will help us bring our great-tasting pizza to an even larger audience. We are also equally thrilled to partner with another caring company in Woodbine Entertainment Group.”
WEG continues to build a strong roster of exceptional sponsors that includes brands like Ricoh, Budweiser, Pepsi, Pattison Outdoor Advertising, Profile Wine Group and Colio Estates.
About Pizza Pizza Limited (www.pizzapizza.ca)
With more than 730 locations across Canada, Pizza Pizza Limited is Canada’s pizza pioneer and a quick-service restaurant leader. The company operates two banners, Pizza Pizza and Pizza 73, that deliver quality food, diverse menus and exciting promotions for all tastes, lifestyles and budgets. Since 1967, Pizza Pizza Limited has been guided by a vision to provide the “best food, made especially for you,” with a focus on quality ingredients, customer service, continuous innovation and community involvement.
About Woodbine Entertainment Group (www.woodbineentertainment.com)
WEG is the largest horse racing operator in Canada offering world-class horse racing at both Woodbine (Toronto) and Mohawk (Milton) racetracks. WEG, part of the Standardbred Alliance, and single operator of Teletheatres and Account Wagering in Ontario, operates off-track wagering at its Champions teletheatres throughout the province. Remote wagering is also available to customers through HorsePlayer Interactive, the company’s telephone, internet and mobile account wagering service. WEG operates HPItv, a CRTC licensed digital television channel that broadcasts its racing product into homes across Canada.
|
||||
4713
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 35
|
https://juliesdiningclub.blogspot.com/2012/04/pizza-tonys-pizza-napoletana.html
|
en
|
Pizza @ Tony's Pizza Napoletana
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTl9IFGKtOMihbhat_GQ133KdxiJ_1r4be7IVmijGKF3CXouiLvuQx-jFyawqDxoY4s-FqdBPyznbCmIxwwJFSnDV4e8UynBmjGG3BywNykmfX31AdEAwJqisKFu0RUvsAmx9J1FH6fUO2WxESZox8RjSvxYa5tm4gwD09EpnK0QAvAGcGUzyjZKj-TPM/s320/PXL_20240319_213300744.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOLlebmU8cTjFsv-qhNFlUm-d68jGY9FuMQwJQNpNMPO7eYTbOzRfZo2SQ-V6tdvk6z2MFxTLHEUg_Xt4uWi7V-zpHMvT-zkZyVrCLv16H37_ppCQKKPynGeT_MOtxmrekgzeVMdxaLl9a3swpjtr-F_Ilv-Ks_jyibbisryji-4mmNrP9_Xjk25uBxDw/s320/PXL_20240319_213347931.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnqeDL3EIXsqZ1Xb43SJX4eJDIfhMmKnES_rslqM_t1xD1sjar6LQdtdGVVgOfCBH9GDv2pLsyBdVnXB1xKpCBezFB6vd5RIlznN3MigD2OxO0f91mo2XWAyfsZhJ6DazUNXGjfAqYZWTCLMS0ZuaJ03ZAPlJSqcT33lRdi0PCwRdJNvZYHk2GHMXnii0/s320/PXL_20240319_213327652.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcIwi65A58EdQXZyP8rUopnNA4CuImTHajUkmH_c6z7hxdTBD0O4B7amsxr1FFbeYHTlD9KRK1800zRiK3OMMgAJjHnMLCSSwi0ypcA0bBjS8a3X-8QS0PgQzEoWmqOBSYAmPvdsnWqxQ/s320/IMG_20120429_190644.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjnlea0Fcw9Ty6Q0MAV96_b0hGJALUxQ5R-r90Arn2TpdI_PeE6DO9IMEWwytSEAGtYzrjMFxD4UbUsP2Tn4ye9uTqxzbyA4s_iPzKCfyiROnqmCyoLzkII7LwDP3UQQ0_SJFY9DYKx7pV/s320/IMG_20120429_190650.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw_yeOe4RNML6OcpzfZC0gWrgD6zBl4-YMXZwKIpJiznX79SJcSNT8YT1wZRsMnloUr9wTgObhut0qJEHQN_i2Pce_AX8ONGo2M03u5oKEQYNHifbBG59NjIyrmQxv0oSErmeNZR9IRoxS/s320/IMG_20120429_192133.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjxhiEZ9N8n1uE6EzCBUZ8YWZYfmfDnThFjYO8zEjbub6J8YixEkMxKNvoLP8L-0syHtSLHZH0cLbTYkxIoE7ptHPlNg49r4cW_RKtIny03E6jHgnpGxGHvznoG7qGSSwWZUHnPDhDjZu/s320/IMG_20120429_194745.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixqhKOPnwXZafLwsGXJrkoviZQdTu43fIX9y7T9PkyOqgqb0UxwEHt5Q56WqDfk1YbO_x508MAGyq27xlMlYIXSwZRBrda8R9HBRqlx9gbspIaT-R-SiWpuSfLdgaFZpHPOyQphOja0YKF/s320/IMG_20120429_194913.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1tU34LqjLajaqfPCb6mO9ZlMEQAKjMw4YhK-iIjM4nw8MHRQXzc9j3BaseNAJx5eNO6qOL7oSKTYO-lXFg_5Qtp0WGfZHiHZ03IoTa2jDs3JYySPV2OZyqlu-Q8B3jhTPfxak-WIdHgoH/s320/IMG_20120429_201807.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOMjVQOs92-2RfNTWubLsKmUCYCDqSt5XkxzyWOMCuEZBnr4RsPjIiQoboBJ6fA7mYxO31nCPOd5HKUWKvD9XybStKmFkHdv70CbJRWHbIdV9sUo3i5dKfcseB5IJTVsAAI8h_ojNar9s/s72-c/PXL_20210512_212708176.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEDEfq1O5utxJPhK0FVTwm7UtByVVJXEP2fHH9me9M27pDoxp3ly2Mi1bQyT9IasAn3CLiEECad7V0aKYI6GR1Fr3WpB1EhV_pPpHPlsDjYoiKzK7V92avjZMIBgAvYGDeY9GTMypvmbtW/s72-c/IMG_20170421_135139.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvPmgUabgZX5EdC1jmHcJzdc9ROCy8_J8eMUB79dU2r-nifjkdxdj3IDBpSjnf1KcVbTvGlge2fgKmRkGsTYW8xtJoKtqNVb-MCmv1IFM3kYsKM_1REYvJz8IPxddomyNQBe7yHyoTXsw/s72-c/PXL_20210827_210723978.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh23STSiVJTc-KTTMVhYYG-LgSnkMoTNJYPmYIq-edwSXD4I6d3l11NabML3dJYt6__mMSQWt0dBNqGKEb4BiZ-QAcnyT7OtF3vFrYp_6GpLwjmqhZu8RZNsJMW49Fd3V6OJFQ38z9JkE8/s72-c/IMG_20130831_134838.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVSJOQ5V_tR7-8KSRkgouKBj6PmP82EYjr5kn7CHxuCbs5M73ifpaxjgvGUcxR8CCKOyX3UTOT2Fbbfn0RIbgmpmrNd4h1T6rVBENNnNjWdEPAtWQQA3tO_WnnNSg197wEnr1WqiAm5q_TmHxet1pgZvvYB8r1IrcWBiXbaRUrYCjv4vZTRYQqVQdKgC0/s72-c/PXL_20240510_183742827.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQ-tW_U0i5EFjM1MzAaNu7yJjuGaujr1n1qDC_n72JucV5f6HUqMzg17BhdnRYkvPEfmA7a54puY793rcqdGB5SO3Zporan4UdLs5_k_7z1a-vHMPyTq6CGSuK7K50aYXbaPc3A0ngdYUTY9EWQRPOke3_zuJb2s-oOPs1qynlfJTYW3NeVfPVZuYr1g/s72-c/PXL_20240204_021524516.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlpenfw1o4ZiUNks2OYxS1a6U00my4rf6VbyI-Bvyc0NOhF0sceJAye_RZVEZYbbF2-NoxclXVjLVexVganGhpfINskPDJYXs8UgB4_pvS3n96AgmZtj2VXp0lGuPNmPYAr7QVYBaiRaBm/s72-c/IMG_20170118_125623.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkwmMb2wNuUmkz73z38O33axNTnc2L_3jopY6JvuiyWHfZ2ZIQR-9Tda9HjT2wIgjYz3sVac-54J7Hn8cN4rOPCS4Oj6xYuSH8I4tLkZ9vXGMBRGDA-bXtnPzPM5lfUvUd2oiJRMYoZ30/s72-c/PXL_20210903_175707940.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDfDW5sD5PAdgwKqyZWzrD1CiW9Borv21tWLyOKOcByIF6oKWtIfxtXpPLrrYFPWpSD0izk1_QNkYeUwTz28hBiJGVEBEsSJa9rssxfo5w-Mk2ipIjy9jPLr0XbWc8jW93EHboR4TDNORUACfiAXJR4ZuNCTg-g6j-Xnlau-SyH3SX_WPx-AtMFmuOBZ0/s72-c/PXL_20240215_194424147.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgurByBKX245UWev2ITyTRC4nCIUnn7Q3tx5GhcXZWBWEyEjPBLrGsSTBl8Lo4D2LJTe12stWX7jTO1VuaA1Vsf5UDCBnGxnOoPbXdCRnVmTgV7KNhXSWzlqk4vTkRAU_AAZ4DjEvmMAkka/s72-c/IMG_20160711_191853.jpg",
"https://a.impactradius-go.com/display-ad/5084-790626",
"https://gobble.sjv.io/i/2655429/790626/5084",
"https://gobble.sjv.io/i/2655429/972209/5084",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sDRE5vw9yWm33vFM339T-_77lqrOA7Ny5UzropMnOJXUKW0rxIe5dnAFntnnWE0rhKKyyRTz07s38wxYM5GvDw5ui8uuAB=s0-d"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"View my complete profile"
] | null |
Reviews of foodstuffs! Mostly restaurants, but also some bakeries, chocolate makers, cafes, etc.
|
https://juliesdiningclub.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
https://juliesdiningclub.blogspot.com/2012/04/pizza-tonys-pizza-napoletana.html
|