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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 4 | https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/top-1000-best-footballers-all-time.2124083/ | en | Top 1000 best footballers All Time | [
"https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/top-1000-best-footballers-all-time.2124083/styles/bigsoccer/bigsoccer/media/logo.png",
"https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/top-1000-best-footballers-all-time.2124083/styles/bigsoccer/bigsoccer/media/logo.png",
"https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/top-1000-best-footballers-all-tim... | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | TOP 1000 (31.12.2021)
1.Messi 2.Pele 3.Maradona 4.Cristiano Ronaldo 5.Cruyff 6.Platini 7.Di Stefano 8.Beckenbauer 9.Puskas 10.Garrincha
11.Eusebio... | en | styles/bigsoccer/bigsoccer/media/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png | BigSoccer Forum | https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/top-1000-best-footballers-all-time.2124083/ | TOP 1000 (31.12.2021)
1.Messi 2.Pele 3.Maradona 4.Cristiano Ronaldo 5.Cruyff 6.Platini 7.Di Stefano 8.Beckenbauer 9.Puskas 10.Garrincha
11.Eusebio 12.G. Muller 13.Ronaldo 14.Zidane 15.Zico 16.van Basten 17.Didi 18.Kopa 19.Xavi 20.P. Maldini
21.B.Charlton 22.F.Baresi 23.Matthaus 24.Iniesta 25.Romario 26.Meazza 27.P. R.Falcao 28.Best 29.Rummenigge 30.Ronaldinho
31.Neeskens 32.Robben 33.Rivera 34.R.Baggio 35.Moreno 36.Buffon 37.Schiaffino 38.Netzer 39.Maier 40.Zoff
41.Rivaldo 42.Suarez Miramontes 43.Neymar 44.F. Walter 45.S. Mazzola 46.Gullit 47.Sindelar 48.Matthews 49.Raul 50.Kocsis
51.Lewandowski 52.Keegan 53.Facchetti 54.Krol 55.Gento 56.Suarez 57.Roberto Carlos 58.Casillas 59.Henry 60.Vieira
61.Pirlo 62.O. Varela 63.J. L. Andrade 64.Yashin 65.Rijkaard 66.T. Muller 67.Batistuta 68.Jairzinho 69.Ibrahimovic70.Rensenbrink
71.Banks 72.Altafini 73.Zizinho 74.Schuster 75.Liedholm 76.Rivelino 77.Bozsik 78.Hidegkuti 79.Socrates 80.M. Laudrup
81.Sivori 82.Sergio Ramos 83.Puyol 84.van Nistelrooy 85.Shevchenko 86.Seeler 87.Scirea 88.Lahm 89.Thuram 90.Greaves
91.Nordahl 92.De Bruyne 93.Tostao 94.Klose 95.Fontaine 96.Shearer 97.H. Sanchez 98.Breitner 99.Etoo 100.Passarella
101.Figueroa 102.Moore 103.Lineker 104.Lampard 105.Overath 106.Cannavaro 107.Kubala 108.Bergkamp 109.Figo 110.Neuer
111.Vogts 112.Salah 113.J. Charles 114.Leonidas 115.Ademir de Menezes 116.Modric 117.V. Mazzola 118.Beckham 119.E. Hazard 120.Totti
121.Giggs 122.Dzajic 123.Dani Alves 124.Hagi 125.Snejider 126.Rooney 127.Kempes 128.Kaka 129.Dalglish 130.Masopust
131.Mbappe 132.Simonsen 133.P. Rossi 134.Giresse 135.Del Piero 136.Gerson 137.Villa 138.Hamrin 139.Bican 140.Ribery
141.Vieri 142.Hurst 143.Rahn 144.Finney 145.Gerrard 146.Stoichkov 147.Papin 148.Piola 149.Griezmann 150.Kroos
151.Deyna 152.Boniek 153.Vava 154.Cafu 155.Sarosi 156.Thiago Silva 157.Coluna 158.Julinho Botelho 159.Cantona 160.Nedved
161.Bale 162.Klinsmann 163.Aguero 164.Kane 165.Benzema 166.Djalma Santos 167.Nilton Santos 168.Suker 169.Riva 170.Hassler
171.van der Sar 172.Bryan Robson 173.Drogba 174.Owen 175.Busquets 176.Ozil 177.van Persie 178.Krankl 179.Hierro 180.P. Schmeichel
181.Desailly 182.Van Himst 183.Francescoli 184.Cubillas 185.Amoros 186.Zola 187.Litmanen 188.Dean 189.Elkjear Larsen 190.Albert
191.Forlan 192.Blokhin 193.Savicevic 194.Zarra 195.F. Inzaghi 196.Luis Pereira 197.Santamaria 198.Sammer 199.Schnellinger 200.Kahn
201.Schumacher 202.Zanetti 203.Rush 204.Erico 205.Weah 206.Tigana 207.David Silva 208.Fernando Torres 209.Lubanski 210.Lato
211.Kohler 212.Di Maria 213.Gascoigne 214.Shilton 215.Forster 216.Tresor 217.Nesta 218.Brehme 219.Yaya Toure 220.Kante
221.Pirri 222. Stielike 223.R. Koeman 224.van Hanegem 225.Pogba 226.Pique 227.Marcelo 228.Godin 229.Junior 230.Scarone
231.Ghiggia 232..Loustau 233.Bettega 234.F. de Boer 235.Kluivert 236.Vialli 237.Fabregas 238.Cerezo 239.Redondo 240.Seedorf
241.Ballack 242.Toni 243.Cabrini 244.B. Conti 245.Bonhof 246.Sterling 247.Boniperti 248.Ardiles 249.Blanc 250.J. Rodriguez
251.Blanchflower 252.Terry 253.Law 254.Pedernara 255.Schweinsteiger 256.Courtois 257.Mascherano 258.Lukaku 259.Edwards 260.Deschamps
261.Makelele 262.Hummels 263.Ocwirk 264.V. Ivanov 265.Bene 266.Mane 267.Chiellini 268.Overmars 269.Barnes 270.Amancio
271.Heynckess 272.Domingos Guia 273.Ceulemans 274.Dirceu Guimaraes 275.Cavani 276.Shesternyev 277.Briegel 278.Butragueno 279.Scholes 280.B. Wright
281.Lucio 282.Ademir de Guia 283.A. Cole 284.Bergomi 285.Mauro Silva 286.Hellstrom 287.Trezeguet 288.Skoblar 289.Czibor 290.Lizarazu
291.Voller 292.Labruna 293.Fischer 294.Danilo Alvim 295.Littbarski 296.Rui Costa 297.Pires 298.Tardelli 299.Higuain 300.H. Haller
301.Bebeto 302.J. Oblak 303.A. Sanchez 304.Lawton 305.Jusufi 306.Gilmar 307.Dasayev 308.Preudhomme 309.Pfaff 310.Pepe Kepler
311.Alba 312.Mazurkiewicz 313.Adams 314.Zamora 315.Popluhar 316.Vasovic 317.Jonquet 318.R. Ferdinand 319.Susic 320.Sekularec
321.Johnstone 322.S. Campbell 323.Peters 324.Haynes 325.Marzolini 326.Kaltz 327.Careca 328.Carlos Alberto 329.Eriksen 330.Pagliuca
331.Bonucci 332.Zenga 333.Caniggia 334.B. Oblak 335.Effenberg 336.Xabi Alonso 337.Beara 338.Artime 339.Viktor 340.van Dijk
341.Scifo 342.Deco 343.Antognoni 344.Tevez 345.Crespo 346.R. Falcao 347.N. Rossi 348.Riquelme 349.Aubameyang 350.Futre
351.Reus 352.Casemiro 353.J. S. Veron 354.Ince 355.Orsi 356.Mandzukic 357.A. Spencer 358.D. Muller 359.Nasazzi 360.Lofthouse
361.Monti 362.A. Moller 363.Djorkaeff 364.Friedenreich 365.Braine 366.Dzeko 367.Corbatta 368.Causio 369.B. Kostic 370.Eder Assis
371.Gotze 372.Bonev 373.Pedro Rocha 374.Juninho Pernambucano 375.Cech 376.Zubizarreta 377.Jair Rosa Pinto 378.Aldair 379.Clemence 380.Jennings
381.Keizer 382.Chilavert 383.van Breukelen 384.Southall 385.Carrizo 386.Asparukhov 387.Langara 388.Bierhoff 389.Buchwald 390.Schulz
391.Varane 392.Todd 393.Vidic 394.Migueli 395.Mauro Ramos 396.Robinho 397.Evaristo Macedo 398.Boninsegna 399.Huntelaar 400.Geels
401.Milla. 402.A. Honorio Coutinho 403.D. Milito 404.Netto 405.Cisowski 406.Lacombe 407.Deak 408.Streltsov 409.H. Larsson 410.Szarmach
411.Wilimowski 412.Bertoni 413.Bochini 414.Vidal 415.Haan 416.Davids 417.Gerets 418.van der Vaart 419.van der Kujilen 420.Ayew Pele
421.Essien 422.Kimmich 423.Emerson Ferreira 424.Brady 425.Basora 426.Zl. Cajkovski 427.Zsengeller 428.A. Ball 429.Hoddle 430.Mas
431.Valdo 432.Heleno 433.Miguez 434.Galic 435.Michel 436.Roy Keane 437.Bremner 438.Planicka 439.Verratti 440. van Beveren
441.Iribar 442.Canizares 443.Vitor Baia 444.Burgnich 445.Maicon 446.Branco 447.Jorginho Amorim Campos 448.Dunga 449.Voronin 450.Rakitic
451.Bulgarelli 452.Hanappi 453.Gundogan 454.Balakov 455.Finidi George 456.Luis Enrique 457.Souness 458.Guardiola 459.Magath 460.Maceda
461.Sanchis 462.Picchi 463.Ferrara 464.Van Moer 465.K. Allofs 466.L. Fernandez 467.De Gea 468.Hrubesch 469.Benetti 470.Aragones
471.Mortensen 472.Stiles 473.Bossis 474.Mancini 475.Mijatovic 476.Brindisi 477.Gentile 478.Alaba 479.P. Coutinho 480.Sansom
481.Armfield 482.Camacho 483.Zambrotta 484.Di Natale 485.Son Heung-min 486.Mermans 487.Morientes 488.Julio Cesar da Silva 489.Zamorano 490.R. Carvalho
491.J. Boateng 492.W. Samuel 493.R. Ayala 494.Wilkes 495.W. van der Kerckhof 496.Stam 497.Domenghini 498.Corso 499.Keylor Navas 500.Bianchi
501.Valdano 502.Adriano Leite 503.Mario Gomez 504.Signori 505.Lorimer 506.Makaay 507.Felipe Luis 508.Trautmann 509.Toldo 510.Albertosi
511.Popescu 512.Rai 513.Gren 514.Bellini 515.Jesus Garay 516.Ruggeri 517.Isco 518.B. Laudrup 519.U. Honess 520.Waddle
521.Bastin 522.Segarra 523.Marinho Chagas 524.Onnis 525.Berbatov 526.Bruno Fernandes 527.Juan Lozano 528.Amarildo 529.Leonardo 530.Rep
531.Vincent 532.Morlock 533.Re 534.Lehmann 535.Hamsik 536.Mkhitaryan 537.Dobrin 538.Handanovic 539.Alisson 540.Flohe
541.Pjanic 542.Piantoni 543.Ben Barek 544.Roberto Firmino 545.Belodedici 546.Brolin 547.Panenka 548.Combin 549.Genghini 550.Zebec
551.W. Ortiz 552.Valderrama 553.Madjer 554.Burruchaga 555.Okocha 556.Sastre 557.Alex James 558.Schaal 559.Salif Keita 560.Seydou Keita
561.Simeone 562.Katanec 563.E. Petit 564.Sauzee 565.McGrath 566.Thiago Alcantara 567.Sczepan 568.Pancev 569.Nejedly 570.F. Morena
571.Roberto Dinamite 572.Dybala 573.Immobile 574.Oliseh 575.Cueto 576.Platt 577.Neal 578.Dr. Stojkovic 579.Julio C. Romero 580.Wilkins
581.Seaman 582.Kopke 583.Barthez 584.Julio Cesar Soares 585.Fillol 586.Donnarumma 587.Eulogio Martinez 588.Robbie Keane 589.Elber 590.Pizarro
591.J. Koller 592.B. Boli 593.Germano 594.Gallas 595.Lloris 596.Bakero 597.Cuadrado 598.Sigurvinsson 599.Francis 600.Nyilasi
601.N. Mendez 602.N.Alonso 603.Bein 604.Soskic 605.Streich 606.Yorke 607.Mahrez 608.Yazalde 609.Perfumo 610.Polster
611.Jorginho Filho 612.Koke 613.Leonel Sanchez 614.Costacurta 615.Praest 616.Schlosser 617.Skoglund 618.Kompany 619.Gustavsson 620.Schrojf
621.Holzenbein 622.Chico 623.Ze Roberto 624.Bonner 625.Tarantini 626.Terence Cooper 627.T. Gemmell 628.A. Hansen 629.ter Stegen 630.Dida
631.Zito 632.Mertens 633.Kuyt 634.Evra 635.Hapgood 636.Pezzey 637.Bratseth 638.Minelli 639.Chapuisat 640.Bobek
641.Tichy 642.Hugi 643.Kindvall 644.Chumpitaz 645.Thon 646.Schwarzenbeck 647.Szymaniak 648.Vierchovod 649.M. Olsen 650.Ljungberg
651.Lerby 652. F. Thijsen 653.Bernardo Silva 654.Gadocha 655.Grabowski 656.Arnesen 657.Ginola 658.Mikhaylichenko 659.McManaman 660.Altobelli
661.Gordillo 662.Belanov 663.Alexander-Arnold 664.Poniedielnik 665.Protasov 666.T. Taylor 667.J. Henderson 668.Atilio Garcia 669.Vukas 670.Jose Augusto
671.Cha Bum-keun 672.R. Carter 673.Arconada 674.Hyypia 675.Marquinhos 676.Schillaci 677.Payet 678.Tadic 679.E. Haaland 680.C. Bravo
681.Mlynarczyk 682.Grosics 683.van der Hart 684.Lidell 685.H. Gallagher 686.Morton 687.Khedira 688.Podolski 689.P. Sousa 690.Peruzzi
691.Francois Van der Elst 692.Bauer 693.Mihajlovic 694.Zl. Vujovic 695.Waldo Machado 696.Suurbier 697.Angloma 698.Abidal 699.Jurion 700.Quini
701.Wark 702.Cubilla 703.Revelli 704.Demanenko 705.Katalinski 706.Wilson Piazza 707.Leandro 708.Salvadore 709.J.Charlton 710.Riedle
711.A. Clarke 712.Jose Aguas 713.F. Gomes 714. Gnabry 715.Coppens 716.Hormazabal 717.Sarti 718.K. Schmeichel 719. Manuel Bento 720.Croy
721.C.Maldini 722.Ancelotti 723.H. Schafer 724. Basler 725.Perisic 726.Diego Cunha 727.Boloni 728.Kvasnak 729.Juninho Paulista 730.David Luiz
731.Tamagnini Nene 732.Augenthaler 733.Materazzi 734.Gamarra 735.Cera 736.M. Mills 737.Ivanovic 738.Cambiasso 739.Detari 740.Zmuda
741.Bagni 742.De Rossi 743.Giannini 744.Zaccarelli .745. Prohaska 746.L. Luque 747.T. Fernandez 748.Sara 749.Sergi 750.Nelinho
751.Baxter 752.Sparwasser 753.Pastore 754.Aimar 755. Moravcik 756.Samitier 757.Orth 758.Buchan 759.Mata 760.Zavarov
761.Maneiro 762.Varallo 763.R. Houghton 764.Zahovic 765.Tomasson 766.Belloumi 767.Chinaglia 768.Halilhodzic 769.Camswell 770.Tist Nielsen
771.Van den Bergh 772.Sheringham 773.Jardel 774.Donato 775.Senna 776.Albertini 777.Capello 778.Giles 779.Mullery 780.Martin Vazquez
781.Banega 782.Trapattoni 783.Victor Munoz 784. Strachan 785.Gattuso 786.E. Hughes 787.McNeil 788.Ondrus 789.Couto 790.P. Montero
791.Happel 792.Jordan 793.Bosman 794.Karpin 795.B. Meredith 796.C. Aguilera 797.Zagalo 798.Pepe Macia 799.Pauleta 800.Hakan Sukur
801.Stabile 802.Santillana 803.Benitez Caceres 804.Conen 805.Probst 806.Binder 807.Dienst 808.Cesar Rodriguez 809.Depay 810.Lehner
811.Moulijn 812.R. Kennedy 813.Swart 814. Enrique Garcia 815.Juanito 816.Graziani 817.Sormani 818.B. Schneider 819.Jarni 820.Pearce
821.van Tiggelen 822.G. Neville 823.Battiston 824.Cervato 825.Dietz 826.Panucci 827.Kolarov 828.Asprilla 829.Nyers 830.M. Hughes
831.I. Wright 832.Montella 833.Solskjear 834.Boksic 835.Werner 836.Diego Costa 837.Pavoni 838.Carvajal 839.Chivu 840.van Bronchorst
841.Carragher 842.Andy Robertson 843.Hulk 844.Zoco 845.Vardy 846.Milosevic 847.Salas 848.Joao Pinto Domingos 849.Petrescu 850.Ray Wilson
851.Berthold 852.Hilario 853.Janes 854.Juanfran 855.Szymanowski 856.Eyzaguirre 857.Lantos 858.Matic 859.Tomaszewski 860.Hiden
861.Losi 862.Sensini 863.Coeck 864.Van der Eycken 865.A. Abbeglen 866.Giroud 867.Baltazar O. Da Silva 868.Simonyan 869.George Robledo 870.Blankenburg
871.Nadal 872.Holcer 873.M. Charles 874.Nelson Gutierrez 875.Quincoces 876.A. Goikoetxea 877.Lorant 878.R. Marquez 879.K. Koulibaly 880.Hart
881.Taffarell 882.Leao 883.Rammalets 884. J. M. Reina 885.Gatti 886.Rudakov 887.J. P. Guerrero 888.Luis Fabiano 889.Ilicic 890.Balaci
891.Manga 892.Piot 893.Rocheatau 894.Curkovic 895.Maspoli 896.Rustu 897.Walter Gomez 898.Nkono 899.Bats 900.Tilkowski
901.McDermott 902.Prosinecki 903. Boban 904.Yeboah 905.Emre 906.A. Muhren 907.Pesek Kada 908.Matuidi 909.L. Diarra 910.D. Baggio
911.Wijnaldum 912.Lama 913.Rogerio Ceni 914. V. Valdes 915.Canhoteiro 916.R. Sosa 917.Sotil 918.Seminario 919.Simoes 920.Carapellese
921.Nehoda 922.Kirsten 923.Skuhravy 924.Burgsmuller 925.Takacs 926.Kanoute 927.Bloomer 928.H. Michel 929.Valeriano Lopez 930.Wouters
931.Aaron Ramsey 932.Eckel 933.Jeremies 934.Karagounis 935.Domazos 936.Zagorakis 937.Rufer 938.Rava 939.Anelka 940.Swift
941.De Harder 942.Chalana 943.Libuda 944.Kanchelskis 945.Oganesyan 946.Clifford Jones 947.R. Flowers 948.Arshavin 949.Coman 950.Kolo Toure
951.Bonga Bonga 952.Naingoolan 953.A. Valencia 954.Grun 955.Meeuws 956.Helmer 957.Mertesacker 958.Anastasi 959.Matateu 960.Goretzka
961.Peyroteo 962.Kamamoto 963.Kagawa 964.Fedotov 965.Nakata 966.G. Sigurdsson 967.Le Tissier 968.Lenstra 969.Insigne 970.Vercauteren
971.Emmerich 972.Recoba 973.Valeron 974.Iago Aspas 975. John A. Hansen 976.Icardi 977.K. Bwalya 978.Petrone 979.Sanfilippo 980.Petschovski
981.Otamendi 982.Marcelino Caio 983 Gervinho 984.Zorc 985.Des Walker 986.P. Andersson 987.Ancheta 988.Ricardo Rocha 989.Meskhi 990.I. Callagher
991.Goycoechea 992.J. A. Bell 993. Victor R. Andrade 994.Gerard Moreno 995.Szusza 996.Pontoni 997.Kostedde 998.Paulinho Alcantara 999.Claudio Christovam da Pinho 1000.Edu Americo
.................
BRA 100 GER 98 ITA 89 ENG 78 ESP 72 ARG 63 FRA 60 HOL 49 URU 30 POR 27
BEL 26 YUG 23 HUN 21 SCO 18 URS 18 AUT 16 DAN 14 SWE 13 POL 12 CSR 11
CHI 10 WAL 10 CRO 9 ROU 9 PER 9 IRL 7 PAR 7 SER 7 COL 6 BUL 5
SLO 5 CMR 4 CZE 4 CIV 4 SUI 4 NIR 3 GHA 3 NGA 3 ALG 3 MLI 3
GDR 3 NOR 3 RUS 3 TUR 3 GRE 3 JAP 3 UKR 2 MEX 2 FIN 2 SEN 2
ECU 2 BIH 2 KOR 2 SVK 2 ISL 2 EGY 1 LBR 1 GAB 1 CRC 1 ARM 1
MKD 1 TRT 1 NZE 1 PHI 1 ZAM 1 DCO 1
UEFA 735 CONMEBOL 227 CAF 27 AFC 6 CONCACAF 4 OFC 1
...
NEXT:
Rui Patricio,Gregg, Castellini, Turgay, Maric, Howard, Ederson, Stein, Nigbur, Franke, L. Buffon, V. Damas, Friedel, Campos, Carbajal, Vencel I, Palop, Combi, Sirigu, Ravelli, Mondragon, Ochoa, Higuita, Livingstone, Kavazashvili, Diego Alves, Marchegiani, Buyo
Edinho, Amaral, Ricardo Gomes, E. Garay, Kuznetsov, Keown, H. Coelho, Hysen, Israel, Ruben Dias, I. Cordoba, Meszoly, Fichtel, Sokratis P. , Dellas, Dorner, Naldo, Mozer, Cris
Candela, Bilic, F.Arce, Trippier, Cancelo, K. Walker, Azpilicueta, Tassotti, Josimar, Hakimi, Ricardo Rodriguez, Hottges, G. Cohen, Baines, Olarticoechea, Sorin, Srna, Meunier, Riise, L. Novak, D. Novak, Sesta, Erik Nilsson, Bergmark, R. Nilsson, Shaw, De Wolf, G. Stevens, Augusto C., Jorge Costa, Ze Maria, Worns, Capdevila, R. Kovac, Contra, Miguel, Paulo Ferreira, Ziege, R. Guerreiro, Lauren, M. Salgado, G. Pena, Heintze, Maxwell, Piszczek, Pivarnik, Marche, Carey, Marco Antonio, B. Stankovic, Lichtsteiner.
J.Toro, Marcel, Kasperczak, Winter, Dino Sani, Carpegiani, Clodoaldo, Fabinho, Greig, Carrick, Pilot, Rattin, Fleitas Solich, Rosicky, Frings, Sforza, Di Bartolomei, Oriali, Brozovic
Jesus Navas, C. Blanco, Rashford, Lefter, Lohr, Ferreri, Sandor, W. Jansen, Duff, Willian, Kewell, A. Ayew, Milner, Tesourinha, D. Stankovic, Ziyech, Aston, Arango, Park Ji-seung, L. Sane, Bode, Guardado, Maneca, Walcott, Benayoun, Donadoni, Joaquin, Blaszczykowski, Sancho, Diouf, Forsberg , N. Solano, Joya, Houseman,Vela
Cazorla, Brychczy, De La Fuente, Spiegler, Cassano, Wilmots, T. Cahill, Papu Gomez, Oscar, Donovan, Aurelio Gonzales, Quarentinha, Asanovic, Kipiani, Cherenkov, Calhanoglu, Groot, Kuzorra, Scholl, Moutinho, Mutu, Gonsalves, Erwin Sanchez, Negrete, Saravakos, Magico Gonzales, F.Rincon, Hatzipanagis, S. Nakamura, Aguinaga, Kanu, Ugarte, El Khatib, Fekir, Ndoram, R. Martino, Dirceu Lopes, Baratky
K. Anderson, Dahlin, McCoist, Amadei, Pol, Metin Oktay, Osgood, D. Honess, H. Hassan, Jorge Mendonca, Bodola, Jordao, Yekini, Dzyuba, Dobay, Gignac, Ben Yedder, Daei, Soto Morera, Javier Hernandez, Casarin, Bacca, H. Scotta, Majeed A. Mohammed, Baros, Quagliarella, Seoane, Reinaldo,Defoe, Bobrov
.....will be updated shortly after WC 2022
Great work. Congratulations.
The effort and work it takes to make such a comprehensive ranking is truly commendable. I know this from experience as I have been working towards this goal for several years and it will take me several more. I am accumulating season by season and at the rate of a minimum of 3 weeks of research in each one, the truth is that it is a hard work. In addition, the constant appearance of new data means that the list can never be definitive. It would be interesting if you could comment briefly on the criteria you have used for the order, because depending on this, the lists can be very different from each other. Some people put individual technique or peaks of form first, so that players like George Best appear in very high positions; others look more at titles and individual awards, which is why Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo would be at the top without any doubt. In my case, I try to use as much data as possible to make the ranking as balanced and "fair" as possible, although perfection does not exist and sometimes I take a look at the provisional ranking and there are things that do not convince me at all, despite everything.
Es realmente meritorio el esfuerzo y el trabajo que lleva hacer una clasificación tan amplia. Lo sé por experiencia pues llevo varios años con ese objetivo y aún tardaré varios más. Voy acumulando temporada por temporada y a razón de un mínimo de 3 semanas de investigación en cada una, lo cierto es que es un arduo trabajo. Además, la constante aparición de nuevos datos hace que la lista nunca podrá ser definitiva. Sería interesante si pudieras comentar brevemente los criterios que has utilizado para el orden, pues en función de ello, las listas pueden distar mucho entre sí. Hay personas que anteponen la técnica individual o los picos de forma, con lo que futbolistas como George Best aparecen en posiciones muy altas; otros se fijan más en títulos y en galardones individuales, razón por la que Messi y Cristiano Ronaldo estarían en cabeza sin ninguna duda. En mi caso, intento utilizar el mayor número de datos posible para que la clasificación sea lo más equilibrada y "justa" posible, aunque la perfección no existe y a veces echo un vistazo al ranking provisional y hay cosas que no me convencen del todo, a pesar de todo.
I don't have strict criteria, but I can summarize them briefly
Great importance - balance* between a) -c) :
a) entire career individually (something like collecting points all the time, beneficial for good veterans)
b) quality of a player at his peak
c) quality of individual performances in the WC and in other most important matches,
* well, in some cases this balance was disturbed by the author's discretionary decision ...
Small importance :
- team trophies (a little higher - WC winner )
- individual trophies (a little higher - WC top goalscorer ).
The technical basis of the ranking were the levels and national order in my other ranking (top 10 best footballers from each country) after its partial update.
If we are talking about hard work and meticulousness analysis, your excellent summaries of the seasons spanish footballers are second to none.
Sorry for my poor English | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 68 | https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2063083.html | en | Final resting place: Pele's gilded, turf | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | /assets/images/favicon-rtltoday/favicon.ico?v=202408121052 | https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2063083.html | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 32 | https://github.com/rogersdepelle/hate2vec/blob/master/vocabulary.json | en | hate2vec/vocabulary.json at master · rogersdepelle/hate2vec | https://opengraph.githubassets.com/0ae13324cce859005119b8b317f904f0178c065365248391874f8b7c57d48e5e/rogersdepelle/hate2vec | https://opengraph.githubassets.com/0ae13324cce859005119b8b317f904f0178c065365248391874f8b7c57d48e5e/rogersdepelle/hate2vec | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | A simple method to find hate speech in web comments using Word2Vec - hate2vec/vocabulary.json at master · rogersdepelle/hate2vec | en | GitHub | https://github.com/rogersdepelle/hate2vec/blob/master/vocabulary.json | Skip to content
Navigation Menu | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 91 | https://api.nst.com.my/world/world/2023/05/909832/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-16T07:29:41+00:00 | SANTOS, Brazil: It is a final resting place fit for “The King“: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday. | en | //www.nst.com.my/sites/all/themes/custom/nst_v2/favicon.ico | NST Online | https://api.nst.com.my/world/world/2023/05/909832/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil | SANTOS, Brazil: It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" – The King – whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. -- AFP | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 93 | https://en.tempo.co/read/1673840/brazilian-soccer-legend-pele-dies-at-82 | en | Brazilian Soccer Legend Pele Dies at 82 | [
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] | 2022-12-30T08:16:26+07:00 | Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player and one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82. | en | https://www.tempo.co/desktop/tempo-white.ico | Tempo | https://en.tempo.co/read/1673840/brazilian-soccer-legend-pele-dies-at-82 | TEMPO.CO, Sao Paulo - Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player and one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82. He died at 3:27 due to multiple organ failures at Sao Paulo's Albert Einstein hospital.
"It resulted from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition," the hospital said.
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
"Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today," it read, adding he had "enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love."
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil's dominance of the beautiful game.
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was "a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went."
Bolsonaro's successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that "few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did."
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele's legacy would live forever. "The game. The king. Eternity," Macron tweeted.
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumor removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele's ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the center of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a parade carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighborhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
Pele, or Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner's medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later - even though he missed most of the tournament through injury - and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then-nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents – many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as a player and corporate pitchman.
"I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele's country, a guy who was a great athlete," said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. "And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete."
Brazil's CBF soccer federation said "Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time ... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil."
Kylian Mbappé, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
"The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten," he wrote on Twitter. "RIP KING."
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named "Athlete of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, co-"Football Player of the Century" by the world soccer body FIFA, and a "national treasure" by Brazil's government.
REUTERS | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 30 | https://gameofthepeople.com/floodlit-dreams-1000-best-football-teams-ever/ | en | 1001 Floodlit Dreams | [
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] | null | [] | 2016-04-19T12:20:35+00:00 | A Aberdeen 1983-84: Jim Leighton, Stewart McKimmie, Alex McLeish, Willie Miller, Doug Rougvie, Neil Simpson, Gordon Strachan, Doug Bell, Neale Cooper, Ian Angus, Peter Weir, Billy Stark, Mark McGhee, John Hewitt, Eric Black. Achievements: Scottish League Champions 1979-80, 1983-84 and 1984-95; Scottish Cup Winners 1982, 1983, 1984 and 1986. European Cup-Winners Cup Winners 1982-83; Scottish… | en | https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico | GAME OF THE PEOPLE | https://gameofthepeople.com/floodlit-dreams-1000-best-football-teams-ever/ | A
Aberdeen 1983-84: Jim Leighton, Stewart McKimmie, Alex McLeish, Willie Miller, Doug Rougvie, Neil Simpson, Gordon Strachan, Doug Bell, Neale Cooper, Ian Angus, Peter Weir, Billy Stark, Mark McGhee, John Hewitt, Eric Black.
Achievements: Scottish League Champions 1979-80, 1983-84 and 1984-95; Scottish Cup Winners 1982, 1983, 1984 and 1986. European Cup-Winners Cup Winners 1982-83; Scottish League Cup Winners 1986. Five year league record: 2, 3, 1, 1, 4
Manager: Alex Ferguson
Key men: Alex McLeish, dependable central defender. Willie Miller, described as the “best penalty box defender in the world”, by Ferguson. Gordon Strachan, perceptive midfielder once tipped to be Britain’s first £2m player.
Perception: Exciting “new firm” outfit that broke the mould in Scotland and helped end the Glasgow duopoly. Alex Ferguson’s prototype for Manchester United.
Académica de Coimbra 1966-67: João Maló, Rui Rodrigues, Vieira Nunes, Celestino Bárbara, António Mareues, Vitor Campos, Toni, Artur Jorge, Augusto Rocha, Serafim Peréira, Ernesto Sousa.
Manager/coach: Mario Wilson
Achievement: Primeira Liga runners-up 1966-67, Taca de Portugal runners-up 1966-67.
Key men: Augusto Rocha, Macau-born forward who won seven caps for Portugal. Artur Jorge, robust striker who went on to play for Benfica. Toni, played for Académica between 1965 and 1968 before joining Benfica where he played over 300 games and was capped 32 times by Portugal. Portuguese footballer of the year in 1972.
Perception: Very close to major success, deprived by Benfica and Setúbal.
Accra Hearts of Oak 1999-2000: Sammy Adjei, Dan Quaye, Jacob Nettey, Edward Agyeman-Duah, Stephen Tetteh, Joe Ansah, Charles Allotey, Emmaneel Adjogu, Adjah tetteh, Edmond Copson, Ishmael Addo, Emmanuel Osei Kuffour, Charles Taylor, Osmanu Amadu, Yaw Amankwah Mireku.
Manager: Cecil Jones Attuquayefio
Achievement: 1997-98 – Ghanaian League champions; 1999 – Ghanaian League champions and FA Cup winners; 2000 – CAF Champions League winners, Ghanaian League champions and FA Cup winners; 2001 – Ghanaian League champions; 2002 – Ghanaian League champions.
Key men: Daniel Quaye, a tough defender, capped by Ghana. Sammy Adjei, durable goalkeeper who won 37 caps and had three spells with Hearts of Oak. Ishmael Addo, prolific scorer nicknamed the “baby-faced assassin”.
Perception: Considered to be the finest batch of players to come out of Ghanaian football. Well-drilled and focused.
AC Milan 1906-1907: Attilio Trere, Herbert Kilpin, Andrea Meschia, Alfred Bosshard, Oscar Giger, Hans Heuberger, Guido Pedroni, Giuseppe Rizzi, Guerriero Colombo, Ernst Widmer, Sandro Trere, Guido Moda, Guido Piazza, Hans Walter Imhoff, Johann Mädler
Manager: Herbert Kilpin/ Daniele Angeloni
Achievement: Serie A champions 1906, 1907
Key men: Herbert Kilpin, exiled Englishman and versatile player. Founded AC Milan. Giuseppe Rizzi, midfielder capped by Italy.
Perception: Early champions of Italian football, driven by an Englishman.
AC Milan 1950 to 1955: Lorenzo Buffon, Arturo Silvestri, Andrea Bonomi, Carlo Annovazzi, Omero Tognon, Renzo Burini, Gunnar Gren, Gunnar Nordahl, Nils Liedholm, Mario Renosto, Francesco Zagatti, Eduardo Ricagni, Amleto Frignani, Albano Vicaritto.
Coaches: Lajos Czeizler, Mario Sperone, Hector Puricelli, Bela Guttmann, Arrigo Morselli.
Achievements: Serie A winners 1950-51, 1954-55; Latin Cup winners 1951
Key men: Lorenzo Buffon – Considered to be one of the great goalkeepers of his generation. An acrobatic, athletic and reliable keeper who won 15 caps for Italy. Later played for Inter, Genoa and Fiorentina. Omero Tognon – Central midfielder who was renowned for his physical power as well as his sportsmanship. Capped 14 times by Italy. Gunnar Nordahl – Swedish forward signed from Norrkoping in 1948. A prolific goalscorer, he netted 221 goals in 268 for Milan and 43 goals in 33 appearances for Sweden. Powerful and physically strong, he was nicknamed Il Bisonte (the Bison). Nils Liedholm – Signed from Norrkoping in 1949, this Swedish midfielder was an intelligent and elegant playmaker who specialised in accurate crosses. Played 394 games for Milan, finishing with the club in 1961. Gunnar Gren – Another Swede, signed from IFK Goteborg in 1949, who spent four seasons with Milan. Capable of playing in midfield or as a striker. A skilful player who was known for his tactical savvy.
Perception: An attack-minded team built around the trio of Swedes, known as Gre-No-Li (Gren, Nordahl, Liedholm).
AC Milan 1961-1963: Giorgio Ghezzi, Mario David, Mario Trebbi, Victor Benitez, Sandro Salvadore, Giovanni Trapattoni, Cesare Maldini, Luigi Radice, Dino Sani, Jose Altafini, Gianni Rivera, Bruno Mora, Paulo Barison, Gino Pivatelli
Manager: Nereo Rocco
Achievement: Serie A champions 1961-62, European Cup winners 1962-63
Key men: Jose Altafini – Brazil-born striker who scored prolifically in Italy – quick, skilful and powerful; Gianni Rivera, graceful midfielder and “golden boy” of Italian football; Cesare Maldini, elegant long-serving defender.
Perception: Arch exponents of catenaccio, but capable of stunning, fast, counter-attacking football.
AC Milan 1967-69: Fabio Cudicini, Angelo Anquilletti, Karl-Heinz Schnellinger, Roberto Rosato, Nevio Scala, Saul Malatrasi, Giovanni Trapattoni, Giovanni Lodetti, Kurt Hamrin, Angelo Sormani, Gianni Rivera, Pierino Prati.
Manager: Nereo Rocco
Achievement: Serie A champions 1967-68; European Cup-Winners’ Cup winners 1967-68; European Cup winners 1968-69
Key men: Gianni Rivera, graceful midfielder and “golden boy” of Italian football; Pierino Prati, sharp shooting forward, good in the air. Hat-trick in European Cup final 1969; Karl-Heinz Schnellinger, German full-back known as the Volkswagen for his relentless energy.
Perception: Continued the Milan expertise in Catenaccio, but with a little more attacking flair.
AC Milan 1987 to 1990: Giovanni Galli, Mauro Tassotti, Paolo Maldini, Angelo Colombo, Alessandro Costacurta, France Baresi, Roberto Donadoni, Frank Rijkaard, Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit, Carlo Ancelotti, Alberico Evani, Antonio Virdis.
Coach: Arrigo Saachi
Achievements: Serie A winners 1987-88; European Cup winners 1988-89, 1989-90.
Five year league record in Serie A (1986-87 to 1990-91) 5 – 1 – 3 – 2 – 2
Key men: Paolo Maldini – One of the greatest defenders in the Euroopean game, Maldini could play left back or centre half. A versatile player who was also tough and a difficult opponent for any forward. Won 126 caps for Italy and played over 900 games for Milan. Franco Baresi – Played 700 times for Milan and won 81 caps for Italy. An accomplished and formidable defender who perfected the art of the sweeper. Captain of the team, he was an inspirational leader. Frank Rijkaard – Quick and strong, Rijkaard was able to play in central midfield or at the heart of the defence. He won 73 caps for the Netherlands and was in the Dutch side that won the European Championship in 1988. Marco van Basten – Although injury plagued in his career, Van Basten won three Ballon d’Or awards (1988, 1989 and 1992) and was rated as the most complete striker of his generation. He won 58 caps for the Netherlands and scored 283 goals in 379 games in his career. Ruud Gullit– With his dreadlocked hair, Gullit was an instantly-recognised figure when he burst on the scene, winning the Ballon d’Or in 1987 after joining Milan from PSV Eindhoven. A strong midfielder whose passing was matched by his ball-winning capabilities. First coined the phrase “sexy football” in the mid-1990s when he joined Chelsea.
Perception: Arguably the best team in Europe in the early-to-mid 1990s. Full of talent and flowing football.
AC Milan 1993-94: Sebastiano Rossi, Mauro Tassotti, Christian Panucci, Paolo Maldini, Franco Baresi, Marcel Desailly, Demetrio Albertini, Filippo Galli, Zvonimir Boban, Roberto Donadoni, Dejan Savićević, Alessandro Costacurta, Daniele Massaro, Marco Simone, Jean-Pierre Papin, Stefano Eranio.
Coach: Fabio Capello
Achievements: Serie A winners 1991-92, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1995-96
Champions League winners 1993-94 runners-up 1992-93, 1994-95
Five year league record (1991-92 to 1995-96): 1 -1 -1 -4 -1
Key men: Marcel Desailly – Versatile, Ghana-born player signed from Marseille midway through the season. A powerful central defender or midfielder who was known as “the rock” due to his strength and powerful tackling. Won the World Cup with France in 1998 and was capped 116 times. Dejan Savićević – One of the key men in Red Star Belgrade’s 1991 European Cup triumph. Born in Montenegro, he won 56 caps for Yugoslavia and featured in the 1990 World Cup. A classic playmaker, he was skilful and very technical but was sometimes accused of lacking effort. His performance in the 1994 Champions League final was outstanding.Daniele Massaro – Although 33 years old in 1993-94, Massaro was top scorer for Milan in a memorable year and scored twice in the Champions League final. He was signed from Fiorentina in 1986 and went on to win 15 caps for Italy. Demetrio Albertini – Played 79 times for Italy and was rated one of the best midfielders of his generation. A tireless player who had good technique and strength, he made over 400 appearances for Milan in 14 seasons.
Perception: An excellent team with strength in depth. Tore a very good Barcelona side apart in the Champions League final.
Ajax Amsterdam 1970-73: Heinz Stuy; Wim Suurbier, Barry Hulshoff, Horst Blankenburg, Ruud Krol; Johan Neeskens, Arie Haan, Gerrie Muhren, Sjaak Swart; Johan Cruyff, Piet Keizer; Johnny Rep, Dick van Dijk
Achievements: 1970-71 European Cup winners, KNVB Cup winners; 1971-72 Eredivisie champions, KNVB Cup winners, European Cup winners; 1972-73 Eredivisie champions, European Cup winners. Five year league record (1968-69 to 1972-73): 2 – 1 – 2 – 1 – 1
Manager: Rinus Michels/ Stefan Kovacs
Key men: Johan Cruyff, arguably the number one player in the world in the early 1970s. Played for Ajax between 1964 and 1973, before moving to Barcelona in 1973. His domination of European football enabled him to win three Ballon d’Or titles in 1971, 1973 and 1974. He was capped 48 times by the Netherlands, scoring 33 goals. As a coach, Cruyff was very successful, winning five league titles and the 1992 European Cup with Barcelona. Ruud Krol, an Ajax youth product, Krol played in all 14 of the Netherlands’ World Cup games across the 1974 and 1978 competitions and was captain in 1978. He won 83 caps for the Netherlands, starting in November 1969 against England. Johan Neeskens, the perfect foil for Cruyff. A tough player who was energetic and very technical, becoming one of the first box-to-box midfielders in the modern game. After Ajax, he moved to Barcelona to link-up again with Rinus Michels and Cruyff. He won 49 caps for the Netherlands between 1970 and 1981, scoring 17 goals.
Perception: The arch exponents of “total football”. Arguably the greatest European team after Real Madrid of the 1950s. A team of their time, the epitome of “cool”.
Ajax Amsterdam 1994-95: Edwin van der Sar, Michael Reiziger, Danny Blind, Frank de Boer, Frank Rijkaard, Clarence Seedorf, Edgar Davids, Jari Lirmanen, Finidi George, Ronald de Boer, Marc Overmars, Winston Bogarde, Nwankwo Kanu, Patrick Kluivert.
Achievement: 1994-95 – Eredivisie champions, UEFA Champions League winners. 1995-96 Intercontinental Cup winners, Eredivisie champions, UEFA Champions League runners-up. Five year league record: 1, 1, 1, 4 , 1
Key men: Edgar Davids, a fiercely competitive midfielder. Patrick Kluivert, prodigious forward who netted 21 goals in 37 games in 1994-95. Frank de Boer, central defender/sweeper who was capped more than 100 times for Holland.
Manager: Louis van Gaal
Perception: Unbeaten in the league in 1994-95 and victorious against a strong Milan in the UCL final, Ajax revived memories of their glorious 1970s period with a young and vibrant team.
Al-Ahly SC 2004-2009: Essam El Hadary, Amir Abdul Hamid, Islam El Shater, Tarek Said, Emad El-Nahhas, Wael Gomaa, Shady Mohamed, Emad Moteab, Hossam Ashour, Mohamed SHawky, Mohamed Aboutrika, Flavio da Silva Amado, Hassan Mostafa, Ahmad Sedik.
Manager: Manuel Jose
Achievement: 2005: CAF Champions League winners, Egypt Premier League winners. 2006: CAF Champions League winners, Egypt Premier League winners, Egypt Cup winners. 2007: Egypt Premier League winners, Egypt Cup winners. 2008: CAF Champions League winners, Egypt Premier League winners. 2009: Egypt Premier League winners.
Key men: Essam El Hadary, one of the best goalkeepers in African football history. Emad Moteab, a prolific striker. Mohamed Aboutrika, rated one of Egypt’s best ever forwards.
Perception: One of the best teams to come out of African continent. Reliant on fast-moving front men.
Anderlecht 1975-78: Jan Ruiter, Michel Lomme, Hugo Broos, Gilbert Van Binst, Jean Thissen, Jean Dockx, Johnny Dusbaba, Ludo Coeck, Francois Van der Elst, Peter Ressel, Arie Haan, Robbie Rensenbrink, Franky Vercauteren, Benny Nielsen
Key men: Francois Van der Elst, right winger who played 44 times for Belgium. Rob Rensenbrink, an introverted member of the famous Dutch national team of 1974.
Achievements: 1976 European Cup-Winners Cup winners; 1977 ECWC runners-up; 1978 ECWC winners. Belgian Cup winners 1975, 1976.
Manager: Hans Croon/ Raymond Goethels
Perception: Total football’s Belgian cousin – a team based on fast attacking play.
Arbroath 1885: Jim Milne Sr, Bill Collie, Tom Salmond, Hen Rennie, Jim Milne Jr, Dyken Bruce, John Petrie, Johnny Tackett, Jim Marshall, David Crawford, Daniel Neil.
Achievements: 36-0 victory in the Scottish Cup on September 12 1885 – a world record.
Key men: John “Jocky” Petrie, an 18 year-old right winger who scored 13 times in the game and tormented the Bon Accord defence. Jim Milne Junior, a powerful header of the ball.
Perception: Record-breaking team that will forever be listed in the history books.
Argentinos Juniors 1984-85: Enrique Vidalle, Carmelo Villalba, Jose Luis Pavoni, Jorge Pellegrini, Adrian Domenech, Miguel Lemme, Caros Mayor, Emilio Commisso, Jorge Olguin, Sergio Batista, Renato Corsi, Mario Videla, Juan Jose Lopez, Claudio Borghi, Armando Dely Valdes, Carlos Ereros.
Key men: Claudio Borghi, attacking midfielder once considered to be the next big thing; Sergio Batista, midfielder who played in the 1986 World Cup final for Argentina; Adrian Domenech, defender who had a long career with the club.
Achievements: 1984 Primera (Metropolitano) winners; 1985 Copa Libertadores winners; 1985 Primera (Nacional) winners; 1985 Copa Interamericana winners.
Manager: Jose Yudica
Perception: Young, attacking team from Buenos Aires whose stay at the top was relatively short-lived.
Arsenal 1929-1931: Dan Lewis, Charlie Preddy, Tom Parker, Alf Baker, Eddie Hapgood, Bob John, Bill Seddon, Herbie Roberts, Joe Hulme, Alex James, Jack Lambert, David Jack, Cliff Bastin, Charlie Jones, David Halliday
Manager: Herbert Chapman
Achievements: 1929-30 FA Cup winners; 1930-31 Football League champions. 1931-32: Football League runners-up, FA Cup runners-up. Five year league record: 9, 14, 1, 2, 1
Key men: Herbie Roberts, the first “stopper” centre half; Alex James, gifted inside forward; David Jack, £11,500 inside forward, one of the stars of the era.
Perception: The first London team to win the league, this was Herbert Chapman’s first great Arsenal line-up. Set a record for points won in 1930-31 and scored 127 goals in 42 games. With big sums paid to secure big names, this was also very much a title that was “bought”.
Arsenal 1932-1935: Frank Moss, George Male, Eddie Hapgood, Bob John, Jack Crayston, Frank Hill, Wilf Copping, Herbie Roberts, Joe Hulme, Jack Lambert, Ted Drake, Tim Coleman, David Jack, Alex James, Ray Bowden, Jimmy Dunne, Ralph Birkett, Charlie Jones, Cliff Bastin, Pat Beasley.
Manager: Herbert Chapman, Joe Shaw (caretaker), George Allison.
Achievement: Football League champions 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35.
Five-year league record: 1- 2 – 1 -1 – 1
Key men: Eddie Hapgood, an elegant and cool defender, signed from Kettering in 1927, spending 17 years with Arsenal. Won 30 England caps; Ted Drake, powerful and brave centre forward signed from Southampton. Good in the air and possessing a powerful shot, he won five caps for England; Cliff Bastin, goalscoring winger who joined from Exeter in 1929. Known as “boy Bastin” due to his youthful appearance. 21 England caps.
Perception: A well-drilled, functional set of players schooled in the ways of legendary manager Herbert Chapman. Sometimes accused of over-caution, but their quality was never in doubt.
Arsenal 1950-1953: George Swindin, Jack Kelsey, Laurie Scott, Walley Barnes, Alex Forbes, Leslie Compton, Joe Mercer, Freddie Cox, Jimmy Logie, Peter Goring, Reg Lewis, Dennis Compton, Lionel Smith, Ray Daniel, Cliff Holton, Doug Lishman, Don Roper, Joe Wade, Arthur Milton, Arthur Shaw.
Manager: Tom Whittaker
Achievement: Football League champions 1952-53, runners-up 1951-52; FA Cup runners-up 1951-52.
Five year league record: 5 – 2- 1 – 12 – 9
Key men: Joe Mercer, wing half who was a popular figure in the game, joined from Everton after the second world war at the veteran stage of his career; England international, five caps; Walley Barnes, Welsh full back (22 caps), joined from Southampton in 1943. A versatile player; Alex Forbes, Scottish international wing half who won 14 caps for his country. Went on to become a successful coach.
Perception: An ageing team possessing a strong defence. Frequently called “lucky Arsenal” by the media.
Arsenal 1997-98: David Seaman, Lee Dixon, Nigel Winterburn, Patrick Vieira, Steve Bould, Tony Adams, Ian Wright, Nicolas Anelka, Dennis Bergkamp, Marc Overmar, Ray Parlou, Emmanuel Petit, Giles Grimandi, David Platt.
Manager: Arsène Wenger.
Achievement: Premier League champions 1997-98; FA Cup winners 1997-98.
Five-year league record: 5 – 3 – 1 – 2 – 2
Key men: Marc Overmars, two-footed winer with pace and tremendous acceleration. Dutch international signed from Ajax, he spent three years with the club before joining Barcelona; Patrick Vieira, Senegalese born midfielder full of power and aggression, joined from AC Milan. 107 caps for France; Dennis Bergkamp, highly-skilled Dutch legend who joined Arsenal from Inter Milan in 1995. Top scorer in the double-winning season of 1998. 79 caps for the Netherlands.
Perception: Emerging power built on Wenger’s innovative methods, some of which changed English football for ever. Wonderful to watch.
Arsenal 2001-2005: Jens Lehmann, David Seaman, Ashley Cole, Lauren, Sol Campbell, Martin Keown, Kolo Toure, Oleg Luzhny, Patrick Vieria, Robert Pires, Fredrik Ljungberg, Ray Parlour, Edu, Gilberto Silva, Dennis Bergkamp, Thierry Henry, Sylvain Wiltord, Nwankwo Kanu
Manager: Arsene Wenger
Achievements: 2001-02 Premier League winners, FA Cup winners; 2002-03 FA Cup winners; 2003-04 Premier League champions; 2004-05 FA Cup winners. Five year league record: 1,2, 1, 2, 4
Key men: Patrick Vieria, Senegalese-born midfielder, power and precision. Dennis Bergkamp, sublime skills and spectacular goals. Thierry Henry, pace and intricate skill in abundance.
Perception: Unbeaten in the Premier League 2003-04, the last great side produced by Arsenal and Wenger. Excellent footballing team.
Arsenal 1970-71: Bob Wilson, Pat Rice, Bob McNab, Peter Storey, Frank McClintock, Peter Simpson, George Armstrong, George Graham, John Radford, Ray Kennedy, Charlie George, Eddie Kelly.
Achievements: Football League Champions, FA Cup winners. Pre: FL Cup runners-up 1968 and 1969, Inter Cities Fairs Cup winners 1970. Post: FA Cup finalists 1972. Five-year league record: 4, 12, 1, 5, 2
Key men: Frank McClintock, veteran skipper; George Graham, strolling midfielder; Ray Kennedy, powerful striker; and Charlie George, precocious local lad.
Manager: Bertie Mee
Perception: Dull, consistent and workmanlike. Effective.
Argentina 1928-30: Juan Botasso, Angel Bossio, Francisco Varallo, Jose Della Torre, Juan Evaristo, Ludovico Bidoglio, Fernando Paternoster, Segundo Medici, Adolfo Zumelzu, Luis Monti, Juan Evaristo, Mario Evaristo, Alfredo Carricaberry, Domingo Tarasconi, Pedro Suarez, Manuel Ferreira, Feliciano Perducca, Raimundo Orsi, Guillerme Stabile, Carlos Peucelle.
Manager: Francisco Olazar
Achievement: Olympic Games silver medalists 1928, World Cup runners-up 1930, Copa America winners 1927, 1929
Key men: Raimundo Orsi – Quick-footed left winger, one of the greatest of his time. Adolfo Zumelzu, half back who knew how to score goals. Guillerme Stabile, free-scoring centre forward. Luis Monti, midfield player who was rugged and ruthless.
Perception: Only Uruguay could claim to be the best on the planet at the time. Skilful, full of flair, perhaps lacking method and discipline.
Argentina 1978: Ubaldo Filol; Jorge Olguin, Luis Galvan, Daniel Passarella, Alberto Tarantini; Americo Gallego, Osvaldo Ardiles, Daniel Bertoni, Oscar Alberto Ortiz; Leopoldo Luque, Mario Kempes. Rene Houseman, Norberto Alonso, Omar Larrosa.
Achievement: World Cup 1974: Last eight; Copa America 1975: Round One; World Cup 1978: Winners – 3-1 v Holland; Copa America 1979: Round One
Key men: Daniel Passarella, tough skipper; Osvaldo Ardiles, tricky and nimble in midfield; Mario Kempes, top scorer in World Cup 1978.
Manager: Cesar Luis Menotti
Perception: Assisted by home advantage in 1978. Exciting going forward.
Argentina 1986: Neri Pumpido, Jose Luis Brown, Jose Cuciuffo, Oscar Ruggeri,Ricardo Giusti, Julio Olarticoechea, Sergio Batista, Hector Enrique, Diego Maradona, Jorge Burruchaga, Jorge Valdano, Marcelo Trobbiani, Ricardo Bochin, Carlos Daniel Tapia, Pedro Pasculli.
Achievement: World Cup winners 1986.
Key men: Diego Maradona, who recovered from a disappointing 1982 competition to lead his country to victory. Jorge Valdano, fast-moving forward who became an accomplished football administrator.
Manager: Carlos Bilardo
Perception: Heavily reliant on Maradona, then the best player in the world – he drove them through the 1986 World Cup with a series of virtuoso – and often controversial – performances.
Aston Villa 1896-97: Jimmy Whitehouse; Howard Spencer, Jack Reynolds; Albert Evans, James Cowan, Jimmy Crabtree; Charlie Athersmith, Jack Devey, John Campbell, Fred Wheldon, John Cowan.
Achievements: 1893-94 FL Champions; 1894-95 FA Cup Winners; 1895-96 FL Champions; 1896-97 FA Cup Winners and FL Champions. Five year league record: 3, 1, 1, 6, 1
Key men: Charlie Athersmith, England winger; Jimmy Cowan, Scottish half-back, renowned for his speed; Fred Wheldon, England inside left who joined the club in 1896 and topped scoring list with 21 goals.
Manager: George Ramsay
Perception: Victorian England’s most successful club. Influential, consistent and packed with impressive players.
Aston Villa 1912-13: Sam Hardy, Tom Lyons, Tommy Weston, Tommy Barber, Jimmy Harrop, Jimmy Leach, Charlie Wallace, Clem Stephenson, Harry Hampton, Harold Halse, Joseph Bache, Albert Hall, William Morris, Sam Whittaker.
Manager: George Ramsay
Achievement: 1912-13 FA Cup winners, runners-up Football League. Five year league record: 2, 6, 2, 2, 14
Key men: Sam Hardy, England goalkeeper who was one of the best of his generation – known as “safe and stead Sam”. Clem Stephenson, cultured inside forward who later played for Herbert Chapman’s Huddersfield. Harry Hampton – England international forward who scored 30 goals in 1912-13.
Perception: Went neck-and-neck with Sunderland for both major honours, Villa winning the FA Cup and Sunderland edging them out in the league title race.
Aston Villa 1980-1982: Jimmy Rimmer, Kenny Swain, Gary Williams, Colin Gibson, Dennis Mortimer, Ken McNaught, Allan Evans, Gordon Cowans, Des Bremner, Tony Morley, Gary Shaw, Peter Withe. David Geddis, Brendan Ormsby, Nigel Spink, Andy Blair.
Manager: Ron Saunders/Tony Barton
Achievement: 1980-81 – Football League Champions; 1981-82 – European Cup winners. Five year league record: 8, 7, 1, 11, 6
Key men: Dennis Mortimer, swashbuckling midfielder. Gordon Cowans, talented youngster capped 10 times by England. Peter Withe, under-rated centre forward.
Perception: Often overlooked, Villa not only overcome the more popular Ipswich but also surprised Europe by beating Bayern Munich a year later in the European Cup final.
Athletic Bilbao 1933-36: Gregorio Blasco, Jose Ispizua, Luis Uribe, Issac Oceja, Luis Zabala, Martin Calvo, Angel Zubieta, Roberto, Jose Muguerza, Manuel Yurrebasco, Guillermo Gorostiza, Jose Iraragorri, Bata, Elices, Jose Careaga, Javier Moronati, Leonardo Cilaurren, Jose Castellanos, Juan Jose Urquizio
Manager: Fred Pentland/ Patricio Caicedo
Achievement: 1931-32: Copa del Rey winners; 1932-33: Copa del Rey winners; 1933-34: La Liga champions; 1935-36: La Liga champions. Five year league record: 2, 2, 1, 4, 1
Key men: Guillermo Gorostiza, prolific goalscorer who netted 106 goals in 146 games for Bilbao. Bata (Agustín Sauto Arana) a menacing striker who was known as El terror de San Mames. Gregorio Blasco, goalkeeper who won the prestigious Ricardo Zamora award three times.
Perception: Exciting, fast-moving team full of talented forwards that dominated Spanish football for a few years.
Atletico Madrid 2011-14: Thibaut Courtois, Juanfran, Filipe Luis, Diego Godin, Miranda, Arda Turan, Tiago, Koke, Gabi, Diego Costa, David Villa, Adrian, Raul Garcia, Toby Alderweireld, Sosa, Radamel Falcao
Manager: Diego Simeone
Achievements: 2011-12 Europa League winners, 2012-13 Copa del Rey winners, 2013-14 La Liga winners, UEFA Champions League runners-up. Five year league record: 5, 3, 1, 3, 3
Key men: Thibaut Courtois, young Belgian goalkeeper on loan from Chelsea; Raul Garcia, central midfielder with an eye for goal; Diego Costa, Brazilian-born forward who stepped into the role vacated by Falcao.
Perception: Broke the Real-Barca duopoly with their high-octane style. Went so close to winning the Champions League against arch-rivals Real Madrid.
Atletico Nacional 1989-1991: Rene Higuita, Hugo Almeida, Gillardo Gomez, Pablo Escobar, Geovanis Cassiani, Leonal Alvarez, Luis Herrera, Luis Carlos Perea, Jaime Arango, Alexis Garcia, Gustavo Restrepo, Niver Arboledo, John Trellez, Albeiro Usuriaga.
Manager: Pacho Maturano
Achievement: Copa Libertadores winners 1989; Colombian Primera A winners 1991 – runners-up 1988, 1990.
Key men: Rene Higuita, flamboyant goalkeeper famed for his scorpion kick.
Perception: Rated one of South America’s top 20 clubs, arguably Colombia’s finest.
Australia 2015: Matt Ryan, Ivan Franjic; Trevor Sainsbury, Matthew Spiranovic, Jason Davidson, Mark Milligan, Mile Jedinak, Massimo Luongo, Robbie Krusa, Matthew Leckie, Tim Cahill, James Troisi, Matt McKay, Tomi Juric.
Achievement: AFC Asian Cup winners 2015; World Cup finals qualification 2014 and 2018
Manager: Ange Postecoglou
Key men: Massimo Luongo, named player of the 2015 Asian Cup with the most assists. Played for QPR. Italian descent; Tim Cahill, attacking midfielder who played for Millwall and Everton, among others.
Perception: Much travelled band of players that benefitted from their experiences to become Asian champions.
Austria 1932-34: Peter Platzer, Franz Cisar, Karl Sesta, Walter Nausch, Franz Wagner, Josef Smistik, Johann Urbanek, Anton Schall, Rudolf Viertl, Josef Bican, Matthias Sindelar, Matthias Kaburek, Franz Binder, Johann Horvath, Karl Zischek.
Achievements: World Cup semi-finals 1934; Central European International Cup 1931-32.
Manager: Hugo Meisl
Key men: Matthias Sindelar – frail, skilful and influential forward. Johann Horvath, an extremely technical player and prolific scorer. Josef Bican, scorer of over 600 goals in his career. Walter Nausch, captain and versatile member of team.
Perception: Das Wunderteam – the forefathers of “Total football” and arguably one of the best teams never to have won the World Cup.
FK Austria Vienna 1933-1936: Johann Billich, Rudolf Zoehrer, Karl Andritz, Karl Sesta, Karl Graf, Walter Nausch, Karl Adamek, Matthias Najemnik, Johann Mock, Karl Gall, Josef Molzer, Franz Riegler, Josef Stroh, Matthias Sindelar, Camillo Jerusalem, Rudolf Viertl.
Manager: Josef Blum, Robert Lang, Walter Nausch
Achievement: Mitropa Cup winners 1933, 1936; Austrian Cup winners 1933, 1935, 1936
Key men: Matthias Sindelar, the legendary “man of paper”, skilful and influential forward. Full back Walter Nausch, captain of the “wunderteam” and supremely fit. Rudolf Viertl, winger who played for Austria in the 1934 World Cup.
Perception: Aligned to the Austrian “wunderteam” and full of class. Better in cup competitions than in the league.
B
Barcelona 1958-1961: Antoni Ramallets, Foncho, Ramon Larraz, Celdrán, Carlos Medrano, Ferran Olivella, Jose Pinto, Rodri, Brugué, Gracia Rifé, Goicotea, Biosca, Sigfrid Gracia, Hermes González, Jesus Garay, Joan Segarra, Enric Gensana, Marti Vergés, Flotats, Ladislao Kubala, Evaristo, Eulogio Martínez, Luis Suárez, Zoltan Czibor, Sandor Kocsis, Luis Coll, Justo Tejada, Suco, Sampedro, Ramon Villaverde, Ribelles, Estremo
Manager: Helenio Herrera / Enrique Orizaola
Achievement: 1957-58 – Inter-Cities Fairs Cup winners; 1958-59 – Lia Liga champions, Copa del Rey winners; 1959-60 – La Liga champions, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup winners; 1960-61 – European Cup finalists.
Key men: Luis Suarez, Spanish international striker who became world’s most expensive player in 1961. Ladislao Kubala, Hungarian-born forward who scored 131 goals in 186 games for Barca.
Perception: Multi-national team fashioned by Herrera, reliant on the awesome striking power of Suarez and Kubala.
Barcelona 1973-74: Salvador Sadurni, Jesus De La Cruz, Joaquim Rife, Antonio Torres, Juan Manuel Asensi, Juan Carlos, Marcial, Enrique Costas, Hugo Sotil, Carlos Rexach, Johan Cruyff, Gallego, Juanito, Manuel Tome
Manager: Rinus Michels
Achievements: 1973-74 La Liga champions. Five year league record: 3, 2, 1, 3, 2
Key men: Johan Cruyff, the legendary Dutch international, who drove Barca to their first title in 14 years; Carles Rexach, winger who formed a successful partnership with Cruyff; Juan Manuel Asensi, goalscoring midfielder.
Perception: Inspired by Cruyff, then the best player in the world, Barca ended a long, lean spell to secure the title.
Barcelona 2008-2011: Victor Valdes, Carles Puyol, Dani Alves, Yaya Toure, Javier Mascherano, Gerard Pique, Sylvinho, Sergio Busquets, Xavi, Andres Iniesta, Cesc Fabregas, Alexis Sanchez, Lionel Messi, David Villa, Thierry Henry, Samuel Eto’o, Pedro, Isaac Cuenca
Manager: Pep Guardiola
Achievement: La Liga champions 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11; Copa del Rey winners 2008-09; UEFA Champions League winners 2008-09, 2010-11; FIFA World Club Cup winners 2009, 2011.
Key men: Lionel Messi, sublimely talented Argentinian international; Andreas Iniesta, often under-estimated midfielder; Xavi, precise and energetic midfielder.
Perception: The epitome of tiki-take, total football and latin flair. One of the great teams of the modern era.
Barnsley 1909-1912: Fred Mearns, Jack Cooper, Dickie Downs, Archie Taylor, Harry Ness, Bob Glendenning, Tommy Boyle, George Utley, Wilfred Bartrop, Philip Bratley, Harry Tufnell, George Lillycrop, Ernie Gadsby, George Travers, Tom Forman, Jimmy Moore.
Manager: Arthur Fairclough
Achievements: FA Cup winners 1911-12, runners-up 1909-10.
Key men: Harry Tufnell, scored the winning goal in the 1912 FA Cup final. An inside foeward who was signed from Bury. Score 61 goals in 199 games for Barnsley. George Utley, a talented half back who won the Cup with Barnsley and Sheffield United (1915). Capped once by England in 1913. The only Barnsley player to play for England. Tommy Boyle, signed from local football, he was a hard-tackling half back who won a single cap for England. Later won the FA Cup and league with Burnley.
Perception: Punched above their weight in the FA Cup, mid-table second division side in 1910, finishing sixth in 1912.
Bayer Leverkusen 2001-02: Hans-Jörg Butt, Zoltán Sebescen, Boris Živković, Lúcio, Diege Placente, Carsten Ramelow, Bernd Schneider, Michael Ballack, Thomas Brdarić, Yidiray Bastürk, Oliver Neuville, Marko Babic, Ulf Kirsten, Dimitar Berbatov, Zé Roberto.
Manager: Klaus Topmöller
Achievement: 2001-02 – runners up in UEFA Champions League, DFB Pokal and Bundesliga.
Key men: Ulf Kirsten, Stocky striker who played for East Germany and Germany. Scored 237 goals in 446 games for Leverkusen; Michael Ballack, outstanding and versatile midfielder, powerful and physically strong. East German born, his long career included spells with Bayern Munich and Chelsea; Carsten Ramelow, strong, tough tackling central defender. Could also play in midfield.
Perception: A talented, strong team that bit off more than it could chew. Threw away a five-point advantage in the final weeks of the Bundesliga season. Losing all three major prizes gave birth to the jibes “treble horror” and “Neverkusen”.
Bayer Leverkusen 2023-24: Lukas Hradecky, Piero Hincapíe, Jonathan Tah, Odilon Kossounou, Edmond Tapsoba, Jeremie Frimpong, Nathan Tella,Granit Xhaka, Jonas Hofmann, Robert Andrich, Exequiel Palacios, Florian Wirtz, Alejandro Grimaldo, Patrik Schick, Amine Adli, Adam Hložek, Victor Boniface.
Manager: Xabi Alonso
Achievements: Bundesliga champions 2023-24. DFB Pokal finalists 2023-24 (final to come), UEFA Europa League QF.
Key men: Florian Wirtz, young midfielder who joined the club from Köln’s youth system and became a first team player in 2020. Capped 16 times by Germany, his goals from midfield and creativity were pivotal in Leverkusen’s first Bundesliga triumph. Granit Xhaka, experienced and tenacious midfielder signed from Arsenal for € 25 million. Swiss international, capped 126 times, he has also played for Basel and Borussia Mönchengladbach. Alejandro Grimaldo, Valencia-born defender who was signed on a free transfer from Benfica and proved to be one of the best signings of the season. Capped twice by Spain, he was most effective as a left-sided wing-back. Victor Boniface, robust centre forward who arrived from Union Saint-Gilloise in July 2023 for € 20 million. Commanding in the air, he also possessed excellent dribbling skills.
Perception: Outstanding team spirit and determination. Swift counter-attacking side that ended Bayern Munich’s dominant run in German football.
Bayern Munich 2000-01: Oliver Kahn, Thomas Linke, Willy Sagnol, Samuael Kuffour, Patrick Andersson, Bixente Lizarazu, Hassan Salihamidžić, Mehmet Scholl, Owen Hargreaves, Thorsten Fink, Michael Tarnet, Jens Jeremies, Stefen Effenberg, Ciriaco Sforze, Giovane Élber, Paulo Sergio, Carsetn Jancker, Alexander Zickler, Roque Santa Cruz
Manager: Ottmar Hitzfeld
Achievement: DFB Pokal winners 1999-00, Bundesliga champions 2000-01, UEFA Champions League winners 2000-01, Intercontinental Cup winners 20001. Five-year record: 1 – 1 – 1 – 3 – 1
Key men: Oliver Kahn, goalkeeper with excellent reflexes and agility, as well as a superb big game temperament; Steffen Effenberg, captain and central midfielder, named UEFA club player of the year in 2001; Giovane Élber, top scorer, Brazilian international prolific throughout career.
Perception: Relatively uninspiring, multi-national Bayern were controversial league champions and ground out a Champions League win on penalties against Valencia.
Bayern Munich 2012-13
Manuel Neuer, Dante, Jéròme Boateng, Philipp Lahm, David Alaba, Franck Ribèry, Javi Martinez, Arjen Robben, Xherdan Shaqiri, Thomas Müller, Luiz Gustavo, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Tony Kroos, Mario Mandžukić, Mario Gomez
Manager:Juup Heynckes
Achievement: DFB Pokal winners 2012-13, Bundesliga champions 2012-13, UEFA Champions League winners 2012-13. Five-year record: 3 – 2 – 1 – 1- 1
Key men: Manuel Neuer, one of the most successful sweeper-keepers with sharp reflexes and skilful footwork; Philipp Lahm, known as “magic dwarf” owing to his diminutive appearance. Defence or midfield, skipper of the team. 113 caps for Germany; Tony Kroos, the archetypal modern attacking midfielder. Superb passing ability and technique.
Perception:Record-breaking team, (30 records broken in 2012-13), playing with pace, power and patience.
Bayern Munich 1973-1976: Sepp Maier, Johnny Hansen, Bjorn Andersson, Paul Breitner, Udo Horsmann, Hans-Grog Schwarzenbeck, Franz Beckenbauer, Franz Roth, Conny Torstensson, Rainer Zobel, Gerd Mueller, Uli Hoeness, Jupp Kapellmann, Bernd Duernberger, Klaus Wuender, Sepp Weiss, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, Hugo Robl
Manager: Udo Lattek/ Dettmar Cramer
Achievement: 1971-72 – Bundesliga champions; 1972-73 – Bundesliga champions; 1973-74 – European Cup winners, Bundesliga champions; 1974-75 – European Cup winners; 1975-76 – European Cup winners.
Key men: Sepp Maier, giant goalkeeper with huge hands. Franz Beckenbauer, Der Kaiser, the quintessential libero. Gerd Mueller, a goal machine for club and country.
Perception: Machine-like at times, the epitome of German football in the 1970s.
Manager: Austin Donnelly
Achievements: Irish League champions 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929; Irish Cup winners 1926.
Key men: Mickey Hammill, considered to be one of Ireland’s best from the 1920s. Won seven caps and played for Celtic, Manchester United and Manchester City. A skilful inside forward or half-back. Sammy Curran, known as “blind Sammy” because he only had eyes for goals. Scored 170 times for Belfast Celtic. Won four caps for Ireland. Billy Pollock, a solid defender who won a single cap for Ireland. Nicknamed “stonewall Billy” because of his formidable nature.
Perception: Skilful team who presided over the mid-1920s in Ireland.
Benfica 1960-1962: Alberto da Costa Pereria, Mario Joao, Germano de Figueiredo, Angelto Martins, Jose Neto, Fernando Cruz, Jose Augusto, Joaquim Santana, Jose Aguas, Mario Coluna, Domiciano Cavern, Eusebio, Antonio Simoes.
Manager: Bela Guttmann
Achievement: 1959-60 – Primeira Liga champions; 1960-61 – European Cup winners, Primeira Liga champions; 1961-62 – European Cup winners, Taca de Portugal winners; 1962-63 – Primeira Liga champions; 1963-64 – Primeira Liga champions, Taca de Portugal winners.
Key men: Eusebio, Mozambique-born striker, one of the all-time greats. Mario Coluna, powerful midfielder. Jose Augusto, right winger.
Perception: Fast and skilful side crafted by Guttmann. Broke the Real Madrid hegemony in 1961.
Billericay Town 1979: Paul Norris, Paul Blackaller, Billy Bingham, Dave Groom, Steve Bone, John Pullin, Charlie Knott, Alan Russ, Mark Carrigan, Arthur Coughlan, Paul Scott, Phil Whettell, Terry Fearey, Doug Young, Jamie Reeves, Freddie Clayden
Manager: John Newman/ Colin Searle
Achievement: 1974-75 Essex Senior League champions; 1975-76 FA Vase winners, Essex Senior League champions; 1976-77 FA Vase winners; 1977-78 Athenian League champions; 1978-79 FA Vase winners, Athenian League champions.
Key men: Freddie Clayden, prolific goalscorer who topped Billericay’s scoring list throughout the 1970s; Doug Young, in 1979, scored the first hat-trick at Wembley since Geoff Hurst’s 1966 treble; Arthur Coughlan, inspirational skipper.
Perception: Non-league football’s success story of the mid-to-late 1970s, laying foundation of Billericay Town.
Bishop Auckland 1954-1957: Harry Sharratt, David Marshall, Childs, Tommy Stewart, Bob Thursby, Bob Hardisty, Corbett Cresswell, Jimmy Nimmins, Jack Major, Warren Bradley, Derek Lewin, Ray Oliver, Seamus O’Connell, Benny Edwards, Billy Russell, Frank McKenna.
Achievement: 1953-54 – FA Amateur Cup runners-up, Northern League champions; 1954-55 – FA Amateur Cup winners Northern League champions; 1955-56 – FA Amateur Cup winners, Northern League champions; 1956-57 – FA Amateur Cup winners.
Key men: Bob Hardisty, England and Great Britain international and legendary half back figure in amateur football; Derek Lewin, forward capped by England and Great Britain. Went on to become a successful football administrator.
Perception: The leading amateur club of their day, Bishop Auckland epitomised everything that was good about the game outside the Football League. A fine footballing side whose reputation extended beyond Britain.
Blackburn Olympic 1883: Thomas Hacking, James Ward, Albert Warburton, Thomas Gibson, William Astley, Jack Hunter, Thomas Dewhurst, Arthur Matthews, George Wilson, Jimmy Costley, John Yates
Coach: Jack Hunter
Achievement: FA Cup winners 1882-83
Key men: John Yates, left winger who went on to play for England; Jack Hunter, half back capped by England, he coached the Olympic team.
Perception: Backed by a local foundry owner, Sidney Yates, Olympic’s team of tradesmen and weavers broke the dominance of the “gentleman” teams of the south.
Blackburn Rovers 1994-95: Tim Flowers, Henning Berg, Graeme Le Saux, Colin Hendry, Ian Pearce, Tony Gale, Tim Sherwood, Stuart Ripley, Jason Wilcox, Mark Atkins, Paul Warhurst, Chris Sutton, Alan Shearer, Robbie Slater
Coach: Kenny Dalglish Key men: Alan Shearer, England centre forward signed from Southampton for £ 3.5m. Chris Sutton, striker who cost £5m when signed from Norwich. Colin Hendry, uncompromising central defender.
Achievement: Premier League champions 1994-95. Five year league record: 4, 2, 1, 7, 13
Perception: Funded by lifelong fan and multi-millionaire, Jack Walker, Rovers were accused of “buying” the title, mostly by disgruntled Manchester United fans who had seen their team win the previous two Premier League championships. Success was relatively short-lived.
Blackpool 1950-1953: George Farm, Eddie Shimwell, Tommy Garrett, Ewan Fenton, Eric Hayward, Harry Johnston, Hugh Kelly, Cyril Robinson, Stanley Matthews, Ernie Taylor, Stan Mortensen, Jackie Mudie, Bill Perry, Bill Slater.
Achievements: FA Cup winners 1952-53, FA Cup finalists 1950-51. Five-year record (1950-51 to 1954-55): 3 – 9 – 7 – 6 – 19
Manager: Joe Smith
Key men: Stan Mortensen – Scored a hat-trick in the 1953 FA Cup final. Born in the North-East of England but played for Blackpool between 1941 and 1955, playing 350 games and scoring 227 goals. A strong striker who won 25 caps for England, scoring 23 times. His last cap was the infamous 6-3 defeat by Hungary in November 1953. Stanley Matthews – Legendary figure who ranks among the finest players of all time. Began with Stoke in 1932 and joined Blackpool in 1947 at the age of 32. He finally won a FA Cup winners’ medal in 1953 after going close twice with Blackpool. His England career spanned 1934 to 1957, winning 54 caps. He returned to Stoke in 1961 and finally retired in 1965 aged 50. Harry Johnston – A one-club man who captained Blackpool in the 1953 FA Cup final. A versatile defender, he was capped 10 times by England.
Perception: A team that was encouraged to play good football and became something of an attraction at away grounds. Blackpool’s golden age.
Blackpool 1971: John Burridge, Dave Hatton, Bill Bentley, Alan Ainscow, Terry Alcock, Peter Suddaby, Micky Burns, Tony Green, John Craven, Johnny Johnston, Alan Suddick, Tommy Hutchison.
Achievements: Anglo-Italian Cup winners 1971
Manager: Bob Stokoe
Key men: Tommy Hutchison, midfielder or winger who won 17 caps for Scotland and was part of the 1974 World Cup squad. Went on to play for Coventry City and Manchester City. Tony Green, a talented midfielder whose career was ended by prematurely by injuries. A Scotland international, he moved to Newcastle United where he became a popular figure with fans. John Burridge, a huge character and a very competent goalkeeper. A fitness and health fanatic whose career involved more than 20 clubs.
Perception: An average side who were relegated from the first division in 1970-71 but won a summer tournament involving six English and six Italian clubs. Beat Bologna 2-1 in the final.
Boavista 2000-01: Ricardo, Rui Óscar, Pedro Emanuel, Litos, Erivan, Petit, Rui Bento, Erwin Sánchez, Martelinho, Duda, Whelliton, Pedro Santos, Jorge Silva, Elpídio Silva, Nuno Frechaut, Jorge Couto.
Manager/coach: Jaime Pacheco
Achievement: Primeira Liga champions 2000-01.
Key men: Petit, French-born diminutive midfielder who was named Portuguese footballer of the year in 2001. Won 57 caps for Portugal. Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian attacking midfielder who was previously with Benfica. A popular player with the Boavista fans. Duda, Brazilian forward who had a varied career that took in spells in Japan, Brazil and Malta. A fast winger with an eye for goal.
Perception: A team with a watertight defence, but also one that could score goals. Took their chance and won the title against the odds.
Boca Juniors 1977-1978: Hugo Gatti, Carlos Rodriguez, Vincente Pernia, Francisco Sa, Roberto Mouzo, Alberto Tarantini, Carlos Veglio, Mario Zanabria, Enresto Mastrangelo, Daniel Pavon, Dario Felman, Jorge Ribalzi, Jose Tesare, Carlos Ortiz, Hector Bernabitti, Miguel Bordon, Jorge Benitez, Ruben Sune, Carlos Salinas, Hugo Perotti.
Manager: Juan Carlos Lorenzo
Achievement: 1976 – Primera Division champions (Metropolitano and Nacional); 1977 – Copa Libertadores winners; 1978 – Copa Libertadores winners.
Key men: Ruben Sune, midfielder who played 300 games in two spells with Boca. Capped six times by Argentina. Hugo Gatti, unorthodox and outstanding. Saved penalty in Libertadores final in 1977. Roberto Mouzo, 400 plus games in defence for Boca. Alberto Tarantini, wild-haired defender who had an aborted spell in England.
Perception: Underpinned by steely defence, experience and the speed of forwards like Mastrangelo and Felman. This Boca side was widely considered to be the best since the club’s first golden age of the 1960s.
Bologna 1963-64: William Negri, Carlo Furlanis, Mirko Pavinato, Paride Tumburus, Francesco Janich, Romano Fogli, Marino Perani, Giancomo Bulgarelli, Harald Nielsen, Helmut Haller, Ezio Pascutti, Antonio Renna
Manager: Fulvio Bernardini
Achievement: 1963-64 – Serie A champions Five year record: 4, 4, 1, 6, 2
Key men: Harald Nielsen, free-scoring Danish forward; Helmut Haller, West Germany inside forward. Fast and tricky. William Negri, kept 18 clean sheets in 34 games in Serie A.
Perception: Unfancied Bologna stunned Italian and European champions Inter by lifting the title.
Bolton Wanderers 1923-1929: Dick Pym, Bob Haworth, Harry Greenhalgh, Fred Kean, Alex Finney, Harry Nuttall, Jimmy Seddon, Billy Jennings, Billy Butler, Jim McClelland, Harold Blackmore, George Gibson, David Jack, Jack Smith, Joe Smith, Ted Vizard, Willie Cook.
Manager: Charles Foweraker
Achievement: FA Cup winners 1923, 1926 and 1929. Five-year league record (starting in 1922-23): 13, 4, 3, 8, 4
Key men: Dick Pym, dependable and consistent goalkeeper. David Jack, one of the most sought-after forwards of his generation. Ted Vizard, Welsh left winger who gave Bolton 18 years.
Perception: FA Cup specialists who were not quite consistent enough for league success.
Bordeaux 1983-1987: Christian Delachet, Dominique Dropsy, Raymond Domenech,Leonard Specht, Jean-Ch. Thouvenel, Zoran Vujovic, Alain Roche, Gernot Rohr, Jean Tigana, Rene Girard, Dieter Mueller, Bernard Lacombe, Jose Toure, Philippe Vercruysse, Patrick Battiston, Alain Giresse, Antoine Martinez, Bernard Zenier, Thierry Tusseau, Michel Audrain, Fernando Chalana, Uwe Reinders, Marc Pascal, Zlatko Vujovic, Philippe Fargeon.
Manager: Aimé Jacquet
Achievement: 1983-84 – Ligue 1 champions; 1984-85 – Ligue 1 champions; 1985-86 – Coupe de France winners; 1986-87 – Ligue 1 champions, Coupe de France winners.
Five-year league record: 1, 1, 3, 1, 2
Key men: Alain Giresse, intelligent playmaker in midfield. Bernard Lacombe, goal-hungry striker. Jean Tigana, outstanding box-to-box midfielder.
Perception: A team built with significant amounts of money, luring a cluster of French internationals to the club.
Borussia Dortmund 1964-1966: Hans Tilkowski, Gerhard Cyliax, Theodor Redde, Dieter Kurrat, Wolfgang Paul, Hermann Staschitz, Wilhelm Sturm, Alfred Schmidt, Reihard Wosab, Friedhelm Konietzka, Lothar Emmerich, Rudi Assauer, Reinhard Libuda, Siegfried Held.
Manager: Hermann Eppenkhoff/ Willi Multhaup
Achievement: 1963 German champions and Cup finalists; 1964-65 German Cup winners; 1965-66 European Cup-Winners Cup winners, Bundesliga runners-up. Five-year league record: 4, 3, 2, 3, 14
Key men: Hans Tilkowski, goalkeeper who played between 1963 and 1967, 39 caps for West Germany; Siegfried Held, exciting midfielder/forward signed from Kickers Offenbach. Scored in the ECWC final; Lothar Emmerich, free scoring winger who netted 115 goals in 183 Bundesliga games. Also scored in ECWC final.
Perception: Arguably the best German side before Bayern’s 1970s team.
Borussia Dortmund 1997: Stefan Klos, Matthias Sammer, Jürgen Kohler, Martin Kree, Julio Cesar, Stefan Reuter, Jörg Heinrich, Bodo Schmidt, Michael Zorc, Steffen Freund, Patrik Berger, Lars Ricken, Andreas Möller, Knut Reinhardt, Thomas Franck, Paul Lambert, Karl-Heinz Riedle, Ruben Sosa, Paulo Sousa, Stephane Chapuisat.
Manager: Ottmar Hitzfeld
Achievement: 1994-95 Bundesliga champions; 1995-96 Bundesliga champions; 1996-97 UEFA Champions League winners.
Five-year league record: 1, 1, 3, 10, 8
Key men: Matthias Sammer, captain born in East Germany, capped by both DDR and unified Germany; Andreas Möller, attacking midfielder who won 85 caps for Germany; Stephane Chapuisat, Swiss striker named as his country’s best player of all time.
Perception: Surprise UCL winners in 1997, beating Juventus. A powerful unit.
Bradford City 1910-11: Mark Mellors, Robert Campbell, David Taylor, George Robinson, Willie Gildea, Jimmy McDonald, Peter Logan, Jimmy Speirs, Frank O’Rourke, Archie Devine, Frank Thompson, Bob Torrance.
Manager: Peter O’Rourke
Key men: Jimmy Speirs, Scottish forward sadly killed at Ypres 1917. Scored winning goal in 1911 cup final. Archie Devine, Scottish midfielder who also played for Arsenal.
Achievement: FA Cup winners 1910-11. Five year league record: 18, 7, 5, 11, 13
Perception: Bradford’s best ever season was assisted by Newcastle, their FA Cup final opponents, being without key players.
Brazil 1950: Moacir Barbosa, Augusto, Juvenal, Jose Carlos Bauer, Danilo, Bigode, Friaca, Zizinho, Ademir, Jair, Chico
Manager: Flavio Costa
Achievement: 1949 – Copa America winners; 1950 – World Cup runners-up.
Key men: Ademir, golden boot winner in 1950 World Cup, fast and powerful. Zizinho, described by Pele as the “most complete player I ever saw.” Midfield or forward. Bauer, one of the finest midfielders of his time.
Perception: Lost to Uruguay in 1950 final but everyone’s favourites to win the World Cup that year.
Brazil 1958 to 1962: Gilmar, Djalma Santos, Orlando Peranha, Bellin, Nilton Santos, Zito, Didi, Garrincha, Mario Zagallo, Vava, Pele, Mauro Ramos, Zozimo, Amarildo.
Manager: Vicente Feola/Aymore Moreira
Achievement: 1958 – World Cup winners; 1962 – World Cup winners.
Key men: Garrincha, the “little bird” at his best on the flank. Gilmar, rated Brazil’s best ever goalkeeper. Vava, striker rated one of the best of his time. Didi, midfielder who was a dead-ball specialist, possibly the first ever. Djalma Santos, one of the greatest full backs of all time. Pele, young talent who burst onto the scene in 1958.
Perception: Packed with ball-playing skill and trickery, this was the first Brazil side to capture the imagination of the rest of the world.
Brazil 1970: Felix, Carlos Alberto, Brito, Piazza, Everaldo, Clodoaldo, Gerson, Jairzinho, Tostao, Pele, Rivelino, Marco Antonio, Roberto, Paulo Cesar.
Manager: Mario Zagallo Achievement: 1970 – World Cup winners.
Key men: Carlos Alberto, skipper and overlapping full back. Pele, the great, charimastic talisman of the team. Gerson, chain-smoking midfield genius. Jairzinho, goalscoring front man, strong and agile – nicknamed “the hurricane”.
Perception: Steeped in the tradition of Brazilian teams from the 1950s and 1960s, this team, with Pele at his peak, is arguably the all-time great international XI.
Brazil 1982: Waldir Peres, Leandro, Oscar, Luizinho, Junior, Toninho Cerezo, Falcao, Socrates, Zico, Serginho, Eder, Edevaldo, Paulo Isidoro, Edinho.
Manager: Tele Santana
Achievement: 1982 – World Cup second stage; 1983 – Copa America runners-up.
Key men: Socrates, technical playmaker with great vision and passing ability. Zico, heralded as a successor to Pele, he was a flair player who could score great goals. Falcao, a deep-lying playmaker with a powerful shot.
Perception: The “people’s champions” in 1982 World Cup, beaten by Italy in the second stage. Flowing football, sublime free-kicks, but weaknesses in defence and up front.
Breslau Elf (Germany 1937): Hans Jakob, Paul Janes, Reinhold Münzenberg, Andreas Kupfer, Ludwig Goldbrunner, Albin Kitzinger, Ernst Lehner, Rudolf Gellesch, Otto Stiffling, Fritz Szepan, Adolf Urban.
Manager: Sepp Herberger Achievement: One defeat in 11 games. 8-1 victory against Denmark in May 1937 in Breslau.
Key men: Otto Stiffling, a clever forward who scored four times in that game with Denmark. Fritz Szepan, Schalke forward who lacked pace but had the uncanny ability to make the ball do the work for him. Prolific in front of goal.
Perception: A team that was never allowed to fulfill its potential.
Bristol City 1908-09: Harry Clay, Archie Annan, Joe Cottle, Pat Hanlin, Bill Wedlock, Arthur Spear, Fred Staniforth, Bob Hardy, Sam Gilligan, Andy Burton, Frank Hilton.
Manager: Harry Thickett
Achievement: FA Cup finalists 1908-09
Key men: Billy Wedlock, centre half who played 26 times for England. A stout, short defender, who was known as “Fatty” and “India Rubber Man”. Played over 400 games for City, who named a stand after him. Joe Cottle, dependable left back who played over 200 games for Bristol City. A local lad, he won one England cap in 1909.
Perception: A mid-table team that overperformed to reach the FA Cup final. Played nine games on the way to the final, needing a replay in four of five rounds.
Key men: Ken Yenson was an England international defender, considered to be among the best in amateur football at the time. He also played for Notts County and Grays and enjoyed Amateur Cup success with Leyton in the 1950s. Charlie Fullerwas also an England international and also played for Dagenham, his home town club. Eric Fright, a half-back, started his career with Margate but captained Bromley in the 1949 Amateur Cup final. He was a member of the Great Britain Olympic squad in 1948. George Brown was a tough and daunting centre forward who played for the club from 1938 to 1961, scoring 570 goals in the process. In 1948-49, he netted 129 times.
Perception: One of the top amateur teams of the early post-war period. Played football with a swagger.
Club Brugge 1975-76 to 1977-78: Birger Jensen, Hugo Pieters, Fons Bastijns, Eddie Krieger, George Keekens, Jos Volders, Julien Cools, René Vandereycken, Danny De Cubber, Roger Van Gool, Raoul Lambert, Ulrik Le Fevre, Dirk Hinderyckx, Dirk Sanders, Gino Maes, Jan Simeon, Jan Sørensen, Lajos Kū.
Manager: Ernst Happel (Austria)
Achievements: Belgian league champions 1975-76, 1976-77, 1977-78; Belgian Cup winners 1976-77; UEFA Cup finalists 1975-76; European Cup finalists 1977-78.
Five-year league record (1974-75 to 1978-79): 4 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 6
Key men: Raoul Lambert, one of Belgium’s greatest forwards and a Bruges clubman. Won 33 caps for Belgium and played in the 1970 World Cup. Strong and determined player who won five league titles with the club. Roger Van Gool, much travelled striker who became the first one million Deutsche mark signing in German football when he left Bruges for Köln. René Vandereycken, midfielder who won 50 caps for Belgium. Also played in Italy and Germany and went on to enjoy a successful managerial career.
Perception: Functional, workmanlike team. Marvellously consistent and denied European success both times by Liverpool.
Burnley 1920-21: Jerry Dawson, Cliff Jones, Len Smelt, Billy Watson, David Taylor, George Halley, Tommy Boyle, Alf Basnett, Eddie Mosscrop, Billy Nesbitt, Walter Weaver, Joe Anderson, Benny Cross, Bob Kelly.
Manager: John Haworth
Achievement: 1920-21: Football League Champions. Five year league record (starting in 1919-20): 2, 1, 3, 15, 17
Key men: Joe Anderson, Scottish centre forward who netted 25 goals in the league campaign. Tommy Boyle, underrated half back who captained Burnley to FA Cup glory in 1914. Bob Kelly, another free-scoring forward who went on the break the record transfer record when he moved to Sunderland in 1925.
Perception: Fine footballing side that set a 30-game unbeaten record that stood until 2003-04.
Burnley 1959-60: Adam Blacklaw, John Angus, Alex Elder, Jimmy Adamson, Tony Cummings, Brian Miller, Trevor Meredith, Jimmy McIlroy, Ray Pointer,Jimmy Robson, Brian Pilkington, John Connelly
Manager: Harry Potts
Achievement: 1959-60 – Football League champions. Five year league record: 6, 7, 1, 4, 2
Key men: Ray Pointer, prolific goalscorer who was capped by England three times. Jimmy McIlroy, superb passer of the ball in midfield. One of Burnley’s all-time greats. John Connelly, tricky winger who was capped 20 times by England. Played in the 1966 World Cup.
Perception: Cultured footballing team that surprised a few people in the post-Munich years. Eclipsed only by Tottenham’s 1960-61 double side.
C
Cagliari 1969-70: Enrico Albertosi, Mario Martiradonna, Giulio Zignoli, Pierluigi Cera, Comunardo Niccolai, Giuseppe Tomasini, Angelo Domenghini, Nené, Sergio Gori, Ricciotti Greatti, Luigi Riva.
Manager: Manlio Scopigno
Achievement: Italian Serie A champions 1969-70. Runners-up 1968-69. Five year league record: 9, 2, 1, 7, 4
Key men: Luigi Riva, powerful, legendary striker for Cagliari and Italy. Scored 21 goals in 1969-70; Enrico Albertosi, consistent goalkeeper for club and country; Angelo Domenghini, fast and agile striker with great technical ability.
Perception: A team that broke the northern stranglehold on Serie A and became a local legend on Sardinia.
Cardiff City 1924-1927: Tom Farquharson, James Nelson, Tom Watson, Fred Keenor, Tommy Sloan, Billy Hardy, Ernie Curtis, Sam Irving, Hughie Ferguson, Len Davies, George McLachlan.
Achievement: FA Cup winners 1926-27, Football League Runners-up 1923-24, FA Cup finalists 1924-25. Five year record: 2, 11, 16, 14, 6
Manager: Fred Stewart
Key men: Fred Keenor, a hard-tackling character a fiercely loyal to Cardiff City. A Welsh international; Len Davies, free-scoring forward from Splott; Hughie Ferguson, scored the winning goal in the 1927 FA Cup final against Arsenal.
Perception: The golden age of Cardiff City, taking the FA Cup out of England for the only time.
Celtic 1904-1910: David Adams, Don McLeod, William Strang, James Weir, Hugh Watson, Joseph Dodds, Daniel Munro, William Orr, Jim Young, James Hay, Alec McNair, John Graham, James McMenemy, William Loney, Alex Bennett, Edward Garry, Jimmy Quinn, Peter Somers, David Hamilton, Peter Johnstone, William Kivlichen.
Achievement: 1904-05 – Scottish League champions; 1905-06 Scottish League champions; 1906-07 – Scottish League champions and Scottish Cup winners; 1907-08 – Scottish League champions and Scottish Cup winners; 1908-09 – Scottish League champions; 1909-10 – Scottish League champions.
Manager: Willie Maley
Key men: Jimmy Quinn, free-scoring forward who switched from the wing to centre and scored 216 goals in 331 appearances for the club; Alex McNair, intelligent and composed right back who spent 21 years with Celtic; Jim Young, right half nicknamed “Sunny”; Jimmy McMenemy, nicknamed “Napoleon”, a long-serving forward who scored 144 goals in 456 games.
Perception: The dominant force in Scotland at the time, thanks to the consistent backbone of the team.
Celtic 1965-1970
Ronnie Simpson, John Fallon, Evan Williams; Jim Craig, Tommy Gemmell, David Hay, Jim Brogan, Billy McNeill, John Clark; Bobby Murdoch, Bertie Auld, Willie Wallace, Jimmy Johnstone, Joe McBride; Steve Chalmers, Bobby Lennox, John Hughes, George Connelly.
Manager: Jock Stein
Achievement: Scottish League Champions 1965-66, 1966-67, 1967-68, 1968-69, 1969-70; Scottish Cup Winners 1966-67, 1968-69; Scottish League Cup Winners 1965-66, 1966-67, 1967-68, 1968-69, 1969-70; European Cup Winners 1966-67. Five year record: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.
Key men:Billy McNeill, commanding centre half and captain; Tommy Gemmell, attacking full back, good eye for goal; Jimmy Johnstone, tricky winger, known as “jinky”; Bertie Auld, midfielder or wide man, a big character.
Perception: Brilliant, attacking football, one of Britain’s best-ever teams.
Chelsea 1970-1972
Peter Bonetti, Ron Harris, Eddie McCreadie, John Boyle, John Dempsey, David Webb, Marvin Hinton, John Hollins, Alan Hudson, Charlie Cooke, Steve Kember, Peter Houseman, Tommy Baldwin, Chris Garland, Peter Osgood, Ian Hutchinson, Keith Weller.
Achievement: FA Cup winners 1970; European Cup-Winners’ Cup 1971; Football League Cup runners-up 1972. Five year record (68-72): 6 – 5 – 3 – 6 – 7
Manager: Dave Sexton
Key men: Peter Osgood, supremely skilful forward and a club legend; Charlie Cooke, outstanding dribbler; John Hollins, hard-working and reliable midfielder with an eye for goal; Alan Hudson, teenage prodigy in midfield.
Perception: Lacked the professionalism and drive to challenge for league honours, but a great cup side.
Chelsea 1954-55
Charlie Thomson, Bill Robertson, Stan Willemse, Peter Sillett, Stan Wicks, Derek Saunders, Ron Greenwood, John Harris, Ken Armstrong, Seamus O’Connell, Johnny McNichol, Roy Bentley, Les Stubbs, Frank Blunstone, Jim Lewis, Eric Parsons.
Achievements: Football League champions 1954-55.
Manager: Ted Drake
Key men: Roy Bentley, England centre forward who netted 21 goals in the title-winning campaign; Eric Parsons, flying winger who had an outstanding season, known as “Rabbit”; Ken Armstrong, dependable right half; Peter Sillett, young full back.
Perception: A team for a season that failed to build on its success.
Chelsea 2004-2006
Peter Cech, Paulo Ferreira, Wayne Bridge, Asier Del Horno, Glen Johnson, John Terry, Ricardo Carvalho, William Gallas, Claude Makelele, Frank Lampard, Tiago, Michael Essien, Arjen Robben, Damien Duff, Joe Cole, Shaun Wright-Phillips, Mateja Kezman, Didier Drogba, Eidar Gudjohnsen, Hernan Crespo.
Achievements: Premier League Champions 2004-05, 2005-06; Football League Cup winners 2004-05. Five-record (2003-2008): 2 – 1 – 1 – 2 – 2
Manager: Jose Mourinho
Key men: Frank Lampard, goalscoring midfielder signed from West Ham, very consistent, scored 211 goals for Chelsea in 648 appearances. Capped 106 times by England, scoring 29 goals. An inspirational player who later managed the club. John Terry, old-style English central defender, incredibly popular with the club’s fans. Commanding in the air, he also had remarkable speed and strong tackling skills. Played 717 games for Chelsea, scoring 67 goals. Capped 78 times by England. Arjen Robben, Dutch winger who was one of the most gifted players of his era. Signed from PSV Eindhoven for £ 12 million in 2004, he played 106 games before moving to Real Madrid. He later played for Bayern Munich. Capped 96 times by the Netherlands, he had pace, a fierce shot and excellent dribbling ability.
Perception: Wonderfully consistent, ruthless and focused.
Chelsea 2009-2012: Petr Cech, Branislav Ivanović, Ashley Cole, Michael Essien, Ricardo Carvalho, John Terry, David Luiz, José Bosingwa, Alex, Paulo Ferreira, Gary Cahill, Ryan Bertrand, Frank Lampard, Joe Cole, Mike John Obi, Michael Ballack, Deco, Juan Mata, Florent Malouda, Salomon Kalou, Nicolas Anelka, Didier Drogba, Fernando Torres.
Manager: Carlo Ancelotti, André Villas-Boas, Roberto di Matteo
Achievements: Premier League champions 2009-10; FA Cup winners 2009-10, 2011-12; UEFA Champions League winners 2011-12.
Key men: Petr Cech, joined Chelsea in 2004 from Rennes for a £3.9 million fee and went on to play almost 500 games for the club. He won 124 caps for the Czech Republic. One of the greatest goalkeepers of the Premier League era, brave, agile and possessing excellent reflexes. Didier Drogba, Ivorian forward who scored Chelsea’s winning penalty in the 2012 Champions League final shoot-out. A powerful, fast centre forward who joined the club from Olympique Marseille in 2004. A legend in his own country, Drogba played 105 times for the Ivory Coast. Michael Essien, Ghanaian midfielder, nicknamed “the Bison”, who was powerful, competitive and capable of playing in defence and the middle of the park. Joined from Lyon in 2005 for £ 24 million.
Perception: The second phase of the Abramovich era at Chelsea, a team that had power in abundance but lacked the surprise factor of the 2004 side.
Chile 1962
Misael Escuti, Adan Goday, Raul Sanchez, Carlos Contreras, Eladio Rojas, Jamie Ramirez, Jorge Toro, Honorino Landa, Leonel Sanchez, Manuael Rodriguez, Armando Tobar, Carlos Campos, Sergio Navarro.
Achievement: Third place, World Cup 1962 (as hosts)
Manager: Fernando Riera
Key men: Leonel Sanchez, joint top scorer in the 1962 World Cup. Fractious left-sided forward with an eye for goal; Jorge Toro, attacking midfielder and dangerous in front of goal; Jaime Ramirez, a winger with great technique, fast. Nicknamed “Superclase”.
Perception: Tenacious side who made the most of their host status in 1962.
Chile 2015-2016
Claudio Bravo, Gary Medel, Francisco Silva, Marcelo Diaz, Mauricio Isla, Charles Aranguiz, Arturo Vidal, Jean Beausejour, Jorge Valdivia, Eduardo Vargas, Alexis Sánchez, Matias Fernandez, Angelo Henriquez, Gonzalo Jara, José Pedro Fuenzalida, Edson Puch, Nicolas Castillo.
Achievements: Copa America winners 2015 and 2016.
Manager: Jorge Sampaoli (2015), Juan Antonio Pizzi (2016)
Key men: Eduardo Vargas, quick and dynamic forward, capable of creativity and goals; Arturo Vidal, hard-working versatile midfielder; Alexis Sanchez, winger or forward, quick and busy.
Perception: Despite some outstanding players, lacked breadth of quality, hence failed to qualify for 2018 World Cup.
Clyde 1958
Tommy McCulloch, Albert Murray, Harry Haddock, Joe Walters, Willie Finlay, Mike Clinton, George Herd, Dan Currie, John Coyle, Archie Robertson, Tommy Ring.
Manager: Johnny Haddow
Achievement: Scottish Cup winners 1957-58.
Key men:Harry Haddock, played 500-plus games at left back for Clyde and included in Scotland World Cup squad; Tommy Ring, outside left who scored winner in the 1955 cup final; John Coyle, a member of the 1958 Scotland squad for the World Cup. Scored frequently in second half of 1957-58 season.
Perception: Hard-working team that also finished fourth in the Scottish League and semi-final of the Scottish League Cup.
Colchester United 1970-72: Graham Smith, Brian Hall, Bobby Cram, John Gilchrist, John Kurila, Brian Lewis, Dave Simmons, Mick Mahon, Ray Crawford, Brian Gibbs, Micky Cook, Ken Jones.
Achievement:FA Cup giant-killers 1970-71; Watney Cup winners 1971
Manager: Dick Graham
Key men:Ray Crawford, veteran former England striker plucked from non-league at the age of 34. Scored over 30 goals in 1970-71, including two against Leeds.
Perception:Pulled off one of the great FA Cup giant-killings in beating the mighty Leeds United. Beat West Brom in the short-lived Watney Cup in the next pre-season.
Croatia 2018
Danijel Subašić, Šime Vrsaliko, Dejan Lovren, Domagoj Vida, Ivan Strinić, Marcelo Brizović, Ante Rebić, Luka Modrić, Ivan Perišić, Ivan Rakitić, Mario Mandžukić, Andrej Kramarić, Marko Pjaca, Vedran Ćorluka, Milan Badelj, Josip Pivarić.
Manager: Zlatko Dalić
Achievement: World Cup finalists 2018
Key men: Luka Modrić, hard-working and clever midfielder; Ivan Rakitić, a quick-passing midfielder with Barcelona, often under-rated; Ivan Perišić, covered more ground than any other player in the World Cup 2018.
Perception: Performed against the odds, beating hosts, Russia, and Argentina on the way to the final. An intelligent side, making the most of their strengths.
Crystal Palace 1980
John Burridge, Billy Gilbert, Peter Nicholas, Jim Cannon, Jerry Murphy, Kenny Sansom, Dave Swindlehurst, Vince Hilarie, Barry Silkman, Mike Elwiss, Tony Sealy, Ian Walsh, Steve Lovell, Nicky Chatterton.
Manager: Terry Venables
Achievement: Second Division champions 1978-79. Five year record: 3+,9+,1+, 13, 22.
+Football League Division Two.
Key men: Kenny Sansom, talented full back who went on to win 86 caps for England as an Arsenal player; Vince Hilaire, skilful midfielder.
Perception: Built on Palace’s FA Youth Cup-winning team of 1977 and 1978, an example of how hype can lead people getting carried away with expectation. Dubbed “team of the 80s”, the side never fulfilled its potential.
Czechoslavakia 1960-62: Viliam Schrojf, Jirí Tichy, Ján Popluhár, Svatopluk Pluskal, Ladislav Novák, Tomáš Pospichal, Titus Bubernik, František Šafránek, Andrej Kvašnák, Josef Masopust, Pavol Molnár, Josef Jelínek, Adolf Scherer, Vlatimil Bubnik, Milan Dolinsky, Josef Kadraba.
Achievement:European Championship 1960 third place, World Cup runners-up 1962.
Manager: Rudolf Vytlačil
Key men:Ladislav Novak, captain and defender, reliable and strong. 75 caps; Josef Masopust, supremely skilful and European Footballer of the Year in 1962.
Perception:Very talented, highly-skilled team.
Czechoslavakia 1976: Ivo Viktor, Anton Ondruš, Ján Pivarnik, Koloman Gögh, Jozef Čapkovič, Karol Dobiaš, Jozef Móder, Antonin Panenka, Marian Masny, Zdenêk Nehoda, Ján Švehlík, Ladislav Jurkemik, František Vesely.
Achievement: European Championship winners 1976
Manager: Václav Ježek
Key men: Zdenêk Nehoda, striker/winger who netted a goal every three games. Played for Dukla and then went to play in Belgium, France and Germany later in his career; Marián Masny, skilful winger, rated among the world’s best, from Slovan Bratislava; Antonin Panenka, attacking midfielder, famous for his jinked penalty that won the Euros.
Perception: Surprise winners of the Euros, but skilful in attack. Inconsistent.
D
Denmark 1984-1986
Troels Rasmussen, Ole Qvist, John Sivebaek, Morten Olsen, Søren Busk, Ivan Nielsen, Henrik Andersen, Frank Arnesen, Jens Bertelsen, Klaus Berggreen, Søren Lerby, Michael Laudrup, Preben Elkjaer, Jesper Olsen, Jan Mølby, John Eriksen, Allan Simonson
Achievement: Euro 1984 Semi-final; World Cup round of 16 1986
Manager: Sepp Piontek
Key men: Michael Laudrup, wonderfully skilful forward, tricky and clever; Frank Arnesen, polished midfielder; Morten Olsen, calm in defence.
Perception: Free-flowing, skilful football team that should have achieved more. An 1980s version of Total Football. Defining moment, 6-1 against Uruguay in Mexico 1986.
Deportivo La Coruna 1999-00
Jacques Songo’o, Emrique Romero, Noureddine Naybet, Gabriel Schuerrer, Victor Sanchez, Mauro Silva, Donato, Manuel Pablo, Djalminha, Flavio Conceicao, Slaviska Conceicao, Slaviska Jokanovik, Fran, Jaime, Fernando, Lionel Scaloni, Roy Makaay, Turu Flores, Pauleta.
Achievement: La Liga champions 1999-00; Five year record: 12 – 6 – 1 – 2 – 2
Manager: Javier Irureta
Key men: Roy Makaay, free-scoring Dutch striker, 22 goals in 99-00. 43 Dutch caps. Djalminha, eccentric Brazilian attacking midfielder. Mauro Silva, Brazilian holding midfielder.
Perception: Expensively assembled multi-national team that challenged the big two in Spain. Played extravagant football at times.
Derby County 1897-1899: Jack Fryer, Jimmy Methven, Jonathan Staley, Joe Leiper, John Cox, Robert Patterson, Archie Goodall, Jimmy Turner, Johnny May, John Goodall, Steve Bloomer, John Boag, Tommy Arkesden, Jimmy Stevenson, Billy MacDonald, Harry Allen, Hughie McQueen.
Manager: Harry Newbould
Achievements: FA Cup finalists 1897-98, 1898-99
Key men: Steve Bloomer – Legendary striker who scored 273 goals for Derby in 419 games. A quick-thinking player who specialised in low shots, he won 23 caps for England and scored 28 goals. He later enjoyed a lengthy coaching career. Archie Goodall – Belfast-born half back or forward who also played for Preston, Aston Villa and Wolves. Renowned for his shoulder charging, he played 10 games for Ireland. John Goodall – Brother of Archie, his birthplace, Westminster, meant he could play for England (14 caps). A speedy forward, he was a member of the Preston “Invincibles” and was also a highly respected cricketer.
Perception: Cup-fighters with no small amount of skill.
Derby County 1935-36: Jack Kirby, Ted Udall, Jack Webb, Jack Nicholas, Jack Barker, Ralph Hann, Sammy Crooks, Reg Stockill, Hughie Gallacher, Peter Ramage, Dally Duncan, George Collin, Eric Keen, Jimmy Hagan, Charlie Napier, Jack Howe.
Manager: George Jobey
Achievements: Football League runners-up 1935-36
Key men: Sammy Crooks – Outside right who spent almost 20 years with Derby County. A native of the North-East of England, he previously played for Durham City. Won 26 caps for England between 19300 and 1936. Dally Duncan – Scottish left winger who joined the club from Hull City for £ 2,000 and played 261 league games for the club, scoring 63 goals. Later played for Luton Town and also managed the Bedfordshire club.
Perception: With Crooks, Duncan and Gallacher, they were formidable going forward.
Derby County 1945-46: Vic Woodley, Jack Nicholas, Jack Howe, Jim Bullions, Leon Leuty, Chick Musson, Reg Harrison, Raich Carter, Jackie Stamps, Peter Doherty, Dally Duncan.
Manager: Stuart McMillan
Achievements: FA Cup winners 1945-46
Key men: Raich Carter – Talented inside forward who joined Derby from Sunderland. Considered to be one of most natural footballers of his time, Carter won 13 England caps. He scored 12 goals in the FA Cup in 1945-46. A demanding team-mate, he was often very vocal about the performances of others. Peter Doherty – Londonderry-born inside forward who also played for Blackpool and Manchester City, joining Derby in 1945. He was capped 16 times by Ireland.
Perception: A team with some exceptional veterans, very skilful but inconsistent in the league.
Derby County 1971-1975
Colin Boulton, Rob Webster, Peter Daniel, David Nish, Rod Thomas, John Robson, Terry Hennessey, Roy McFarland, Colin Todd, Bruce Rioch, Alan Durban, Archie Gemmill, John McGovern, Alan Hinton, Henry Newton, John O’Hare, Kevin Hector, Francis Lee, Roger Davies
Achievement: Football League champions 1971-72 and 1974-75
Manager: Brian Clough (1972), Dave Mackay (1975)
Key men: Roy McFarland, towering centre half and skipper; Colin Todd, cultured defender; Archie Gemmill, tenacious midfielder; Kevin Hector, legendary striker.
Perception: Good footballing side schooled by Brian Clough. Played the game the right way.
Dinamo Bucharest 1961-65
Ilie Datcu, Iulius Cezer Ut, Dumitru Ivan, Ion Nunweiler, Cornel Popa, Vasile Alexandru, Constantin Stefean, Vasile Anghel, Haralambie Eftimie, Constantin Fratila, Ion Pircalab, Ion Tircovnicu, Gheorghe Ene, Aurel Ungurolu, Iosif Varga, Emil Petru, Octavian Popescu, Radu Nunweiler.
Achievement: Romanian champions 1961-62, 1962-63, 1963-64, 1964-65. Romanian cup winners 1963-64.
Manager: Traian Ionescu, Constantin Teasca, Dumitru Nicolae, Angelo Niculescu
Key men: Ion Nunweiler, one of five brothers, a tough defender who won 40 caps for Romania. Radu Nunweiler, central midfielder. Constantin Fratila, small free-scoring forward.
Perception: Powerful and robust unit built on strong defence. First Romanian double winners.
Dinamo Tbilisi 1978-1981
Otar Gabelia, Tamaz Kostava, Aleksandre Chivadze, Nodar Khizanishvili, Giori Tavadza, Vitaly Daraselia, Zaur Svanadze, Tengiz Sulakvelidze, Vladimir Gutsaev, David Kipiani, Ramaz Shegelia, Nugzar Kakilasjvili, Shota Khinchagashvili, David Mujiri, Munachar Machaidze, Vakhtang Koridze, Gocha Machaidze, Vakhtang Koridze
Manager: Nodar Akhalkatsi
Achievements: Soviet League champions 1978, Soviet Cup winners 1979, European Cup-Winners’ Cup winners 1980-81
Key men: Ramaz Shengelia, USSR international striker and USSR player of the year in 1978n and 1981. Skilful and prolific. David Kipiani, elegant midfielder with good dribbling and passing skills. Vitaly Daraselia, energetic midfielder who died tragically young in 1982.
Perception: Georgian team capable of stunning football played at pace.
Dundee 1961-64
Pat Liney, Robert Slater, Bobby Cox, Alex Hamilton, Bobby Seith, Ian Ure, Alex Stuart, George Ryden, Andy Penman, Gordon Smith, Hugh Robertson, Bobby Wishart, Ken Cameron, Doug Houston, Alan Gilzean, Alan Cousin.
Achievement: Scottish League champions 1961-62; European Cup semi-finalists 1962-63, Scottish Cup finalists 1963-64
Manager: Bob Shankly
Key men: Alan Gilzean, skilful and aggressive striker; Ian Ure, powerful defender; Alan Cousin, tricky forward known as the “king of the double shuffle”.
Perception: Tenacious, skilful team considered to be the best produced in Scotland between 1945 and 1961. Bucked the old firm trend.
Dundee United 1982-83: Hamish McAlpine, Derek Stark, Maurice Malpas, Richard Gough, Paul Hegarty,Dave Narey, Eamonn Bannon, Ralph Milne, Billy Kirkwood, Paul Sturrock, Davie Dodds, Iain Phillip, John Reilly, John Holt.
Achievement: Scottish League champions 1982-83 Five year record: 3, 3, 1, 3, 3
Manager: Jim McLean
Key men: Richard Gough, commanding central defender; Eamonn Bannon, skilful playmaker who had a brief spell in England; Davie Dodds, 22-goal target man.
Perception: Unlikely but deserving champions who also made a mark in Europe in the 1980s.
Dynamo Moscow 1945
Aleksey Khomich, Vsevolod Radikorsyky, Mikhail Semichastny, Boris Stankevich,Vsevolod Blinkov, Leonid Solovyov, Yevgenly Arkhangeslsky, Vasiliy Kartsev, Konstantin Beskov, Vsevolod Bobrov, Sergey Solovyov, Vasiliy Trofimov, Boris Oreshkin
Achievement: Russian spring champions 1945, 1949 Unbeaten on tour of England in 1945.
Manager: Mikhail Yakushin
Key men: Aleksey “Tiger” Khomich, brave goalkeeper with superb reflexes; Konstantin Beskov, prolific striker who later managed USSR; Vsevolod Bobrov, striker who turned to Ice Hockey.
Perception: Highly skilled and fit team that went on an ambassadorial tour of the UK in 1945, winning friends and showing the world a different brand of football.
E
East Germany 1974
Juergen Croy, Lothar Kurbjuweit, Bernd Bransch, Konrad Weise, Hans-Juergen Kreischem Siegmar Waetzlich, Reinhard Lauckm Juergen Sparwasser, Harald Irmscher, Gerd Kische, Martin Hoffmann, Joachim Fritsche, Joachim Streich, Erich Hamann, Juergen Pommerkenke, Peter Ducke, Eberhard Vogel.
Manager: Georg Buschner
Achievements: Olympic Games 1972 bronze medal, World Cup 1974 second stage
Key men: Juergen Croy, goalkeeper with outstanding reflexes, named GDR player of the year 1972, 1976 and 1978. Joachim Streich, striker capped 98 times by the GDR, scoring 53 goals. Juergen Sparwasser, scorer of the goal that beat West Germany in 1974 World Cup.
Perception: An outstanding eastern bloc team that came to fruition in the 1972-74 period. Functional, but also capable of highly technical football.
England 1908
Horace Bailey, Bob Crompton, Walter Corbett, Jesse Pennington, Ben Warren, Billy Wedlock, Bob Hawkes, Jock Rutherford, Vivien J Woodward, George Hilsdon, Jimmy Windridge, Frank Bradshaw, Arthur Bridgett.
Manager: England selection committee
Key men: George Hildson, nicknamed “gatling gun” for his sharp-shooting, scored eight on the European tour in four games; Vivien J Woodward, a gentleman amateur, skilful and sporting; Billy Wedlock, stout centre half, known for his power. Nicknamed “fatty” or “the India rubber man”.
Achievement: Home International champions, 1908; GB XI winners of Olympic gold medal 1908; Unbeaten on first Continental European tour, 1908, goal-difference of 28-2.
Perception: Skilful team with devastating forwards. Ahead of the field in Europe.
England 1947-48
Frank Swift, Laurie Scott, John Howe, Billy Wright, Neil Franklin, Henry Cockburn, Stanley Matthews, Stanley Mortensen, Tommy Lawton, Wilf Mannion, Tom Finney, George Hardwick, Stan Pearson, Raich Carter.
Manager:Walter Winterbottom
Key men:Frank Swift, giant keeper with a handspan of almost 12 inches. Tragically died in the 1958 Munich crash; Billy Wright, dependable and skilful defender, first England player to win 100 caps; Stanley Matthews, legendary figure in the English game, excellent close control and dribbling; Tom Finney, named by Bill Shankly (a team mate at Preston) as the greatest to have played the game.
Achievement: 1947-48 Home International champions; beat Italy, reigning world champions, in Turin 4-0.
Perception: An ageing collection of players whose careers were impacted by war, but some of the great post-war names from English football.
England 1966
Gordon Banks, George Cohen, Ray Wilson, Nobby Stiles, Jack Charlton, Bobby Moore, Alan Ball, Roger Hunt, Bobby Charlton, Geoff Hurst, Martin Peters, Jimmy Greaves, Ian Callaghan, John Connelly, Terry Paine
Manager: [Sir] Alf Ramsey
Achievements: World Cup winners 1966
Key men: Bobby Charlton, winger turned midfielder, fierce shot. Ambassador of the game. Bobby Moore, cultured defender, immaculate timing. Geoff Hurst, tall inside forward who netted a hat-trick in the World Cup final. Gordon Banks, occasionally spectacular but mostly safe and reliable goalkeeper.
Perception: Often underated world champions whose style didn’t endear them to the media at the time. Reputation had grown with time and a realisation that it was a unique occasion.
Estudiantes de La Plata 1968-70
Alberto Jose Poletti, Oscar Malbernat, Ramon Aguirre Suarez, Raul Madero, Jose Hugo Medina, Carlos Bilardo, Carlos Pachame, Nestor Togneri, Felipe Ribaudo, Marcos Conigliaro, Juan Ramon Veron, Juan Echecopar, Christian Rudzki, Errea, Ruben Paganini, Jorge Solari.
Manager: Oscar Zubeldia
Achievements: Argentine champions 1967; Libertadores Cup winners 1968, 1969, 1970; Intercontinental Cup winners 1968.
Key men: Juan Ramon Veron, known as “the witch”, a highly technical player who could line-up in midfield or up front. Prolific scorer. Carlos Bilardo, midfielder anchor, tenacious. Carlos Pachame, fearsome battler in midfield.
Perception: Very skilful team, too often distracted by over robust tactics.
Everton 1931-33: Ted Sagar, Billy Cook, Warney Cresswell, Ben Williams, Jock Thomson, Charlie Gee, Archie Clark, Cliff Britton, Ted Critchley, Albert Geldard, Tommy White, Jimmy Dunn, Dixie Dean, Tommy Johnson, Jimmy Stein.
Achievement: Football League Champions 1931-32, FA Cup winners 1932-33.
Manager: Tom McIntosh
Key men: Dixie Dean, 45 goals in 1931-32, excellent in the air and a legend of the inter-war years; Tommy Johnson, 22 goals in 1931-32, powerful left foot; Cliff Britton, classy playmaker signed from Bristol Rovers.
Perception: Free-scoring, powerful team.
Everton 1962-63: Gordon West, Alex Parker, Mick Meagan, George Thomson, Jimmy Gabriel, Brian Labone, Brian Harris, Alex Scott, Dennis Stevens, Tony Kay, Alex Young, Roy Vernon, Billy Bingham, Johnny Morrissey
Manager: Harry Catterick
Key men: Alex Young, creative midfielder known as “the golden vision”; Roy Vernon, heavy smoking inside forward, prolific in front of goal; Jimmy Gabriel, powerful midfielder, adding grit to the defence.
Achievement: Football League champions 1962-63. Five-year record: 5 – 4- 1 – 3- 4
Perception: Skilful team that combined flair with a certain hard edge.
Everton 1969-70: Gordon West, Tommy Wright, Sandy Brown, Keith Newton, Howard Kendall, Brian Labone, John Hurst, Colin Harvey, Alan Ball, Alan Whittle, Joe Royle, Jimmy Husband, Johnny Morrissey.
Achievement: Football League champions 1969-70, FA Cup finalists 1968. Five year record: 5, 3, 1, 14, 15
Manager: Harry Catterick
Key men: Alan Ball, England World Cup winner, foraging midfielder; Joe Royle, young striker, superb in the air; Brian Labone, England centre half.
Perception: Exciting team that finished nine points ahead of Leeds United to win the title. Failed to build on success.
Everton 1890 to 1893: Jack Angus, Richard Williams, Andrew Hannah, Dan Doyle, Daniel Kirkwood, Johnny Holt, William Campbell, Alex Latta, Alec Brady, Fred Geary, Edgar Chadwick, Alf Milward, Charlie Parry, David Jardine, Tom Wylie, Bob Howarth, Alan Maxwell, Dickie Boyle, Alec Stewart, Hope Robertson.
Manager: Dick Molyneux
Achievements: Football League champions 1890-91, runners-up 1889-90; FA Cup finalists 1892-93.
Key men: Fred Geary, centre forward who joined the club from Notts Rangers. A small and powerful player, he had pace and could accelerate past defenders. He won two England caps and moved to Liverpool in 1895. Edgar Chadwick, an expert dribbler, he formerly played for Blackburn Olympic and Blackburn Rovers. A compact inside forward, he won seven caps for England and made 300 appearances for Everton, scoring 110 goals. Johnny Holt, half back signed from Bootle. One of the best centre halves of the 1890s, he was a tough player with boundless energy. He could be temperamental and sly with his challenges, hence he was called “the Little Everton devil”. Won 10 caps for England. Dan Doyle, Scottish international left back who was capped eight times. He won league titles in England and Scotland (with Celtic), the first player to achieve this double.
Perception: A team of great skill and energy. One of the best from the early years of the Football League.
Everton 1983 to 1987: Neville Southall, John Bailey, Gary Stevens, Pat Van Den Hauwe, Paul Power, Derek Mountfield, Kevin Ratcliffe, Trevor Steven, Peter Reid, Kevin Sheedy, Alan Harper, Ian Snodin, Andy King, Alan Irvine, Kevin Richardson, Paul Bracewell, Adrian Heath, Andy Gray, Gary Lineker, Wayne Clarke, Kevin Langley, Graeme Sharp.
Manager: Howard Kendall
Achievements: Football League champions 1984-85, 1986-87. Runners-up 1985-86. FA Cup winners 1983-84, finalists 1984-85, 1985-86. FL Cup finalists 1983-84. European Cup-Winners’ Cup winners 1984-85.
Key men: Neville Southall, goalkeeper signed from Bury. A great shot-stopper who played 751 games for Everton. Also capped 92 times by Wales. One of the best keepers of the 1980s. Peter Reid, stocky midfielder whose career was blighted by injuries. Joined Everton from Bolton for £ 60,000. Hard-worker who won 13 caps for England and was a key player in their 1986 World Cup side. Joined QPR in 1989 and also played for Manchester City and Southampton. Kevin Sheedy, a gifted left-foot player who excelled at free-kicks. Although born in Wales, he played 46 times for the Republic of Ireland. Joined Everton from Liverpool for £ 100,000. Left the club in 1992. Gary Lineker was signed from Leicester for £ 800,000 in the summer of 1985 and scored 40 goals in 57 appearances for his new club. He went on to win the golden boot at the 1986 World Cup as the tournament’s top scorer and was signed by Barcelona for £ 2.8 million. A speedy striker whose finishing was first class.
Perception: A hard-working team of young players that surprised English football with their 1985 title win. Well managed and very unlucky not to have won more.
F
Fenerbahçe 1967-68: Yavuz Simsek, Hazim Cantez, Levent Engineri, Yilmaz Sen, Sukrü Birand, Numan Okumus, Özcan Köksoy, Selim Soydan, Fuat Saner, Ziya Sengüi, Ogün Altiparmak, Yasar Mumcuoglu, Nedim Dögan, Abdullah Çevrin, Erdinç Sandalci, Can Bartu.
Achievements: Turkish League champions 1967-68, Turkish Cup winners 1967-68.
Manager: Ignác Molnár
Key men: Yilmaz Sen, strong central defender, 24 years old, capped 18 times by Turkey; Ogün Altiparmak, leading scorer, two spells with the club. 32 caps for Turkey.
Perception: Defence-orientated team, conceding just 12 goals in the league.
Ferencvaros 1928: Ignác Amsel, Géza Takács, János Hungler, Károly Furmann, Márton Bukovi, Elemér Berkessy, Imre Koszta, József Takács, József Turay, Ferenc Szedlacsik, Vilmos Kohut.
Achievements: Hungarian champions 1925-26, 1926-27, 1927-28. Runners-up 1928-29, 1929-30; Magyar Kupa winners 1926-27, 1927-28; Mitropa Cup winners 1927-28.
Manager: Istvan Toth
Key men: Márton Bukovi, defender who went on to become an innovative coach who helped develop the 4-2-4 formation; József Takács, prolific goalscorer from Budapest who won 32 caps for Hungary.
Perception: Fast, attacking team who scored 26 goals in six games to win the Mitropa Cup.
Ferencváros 1964-68: István Géczi, Dezsö Novak, Sándor Mátrai, László Horvath, István Juhász, Pál Orosz, Janos Orosz, Janos Karaba, Zoltán Varga, Flórian Albert, Gyula Rákosi, Máte Fenyvesi, Miklós Páncsics, Sándor Havasi, Lajus Szöke, László Balint, Sándo Katona
Achievements: 1964 Hungarian League champions, 1964-65 Inter-Cities Fairs’ Cup winners; 1965 Hungarian League runners-up, 1966 Hungarian League runners-up, 1965-66 Hungarian Cup finalists; 1967 Hungarian League champions; 1968 Hungarian League champions, 1967-68 Inter-Cities Fairs’ Cup finalists.
Managers: József Mészáros, Oszkár Vilezsál, Sándor Tátri, Károle Lakat.
Key men: Flórian Albert, elegant midfielder who was named European Footballer of the Year in 1967. Nicknamed “the emperor”; Zoltán Varga, much-travelled midfielder who won Olympic gold; Gyula Rákosi, midfielder who played in World Cups and Olympics.
Perception: Tough, cultured team, difficult to beat in Hungary.
Feyenoord 1970: Eddie Pieters Graafland, Piet Romeijn, Theo Laseroms, Rinus Israël, Theo van Duivenbode, Wim Jansen, Franz Hasil, Wim van Hanegem, Henk Wery, Ove Kindvall, Coen Moulijn, Guus Haak, Ruud Geels.
Achievements: 1968-69 Eredivisie champions, KNVB Cup winners; 1969-70 European Cup winners; 1970-71 Eredivisie champions.
Manager: Ernst Happel
Key men: Rinus Israël, nicknamed “Iron Rinus” for his solid defending, captain of the team and Dutch international (47 caps); Wim van Hanegem, superb passer of the ball, strong tackler and very tactical in his play, one of the Netherlands’ greatest players; Ove Kindvall, Swedish striker who was the first non-Dutch leading scorer in the Eredivisie (1969, 1970, 1971). Scored winning goal in European Cup final 1970.
Perception: Less celebrated exponents of a more pragmatic style of “Total Football” but an excellent team that confounded the odds by winning the European Cup against highly-fancied Celtic.
Fiorentina 1955-1957: Giuliano Sarti, Ardico Magnini, Sergio Cervato, Guiseppe Chiappella, Francesco Rosetta, Armando Segato, Alberto Orzan, Julinho, Guido Gratton, Giuseppe Virgili, Miguel Montuori, Maurilio Prini
Achievements: 1955-56, Serie A champions; 1956-57 Serie A runners-up, European Cup finalists; 1957-78 Serie A runners-up; 1958-59 Serie A runners-up; 1959-60 Serie A runners-up.
Manager: Fulvio Bernardini
Key men: Giuliano Sarti, excellent goalkeeper who went on to star in the Grand Inter team of the mid-1960s; Julinho, Brazilian who was one of the great right wingers in history; Miguel Montuori, Argentinian-born forward whose career was plagued by injuries.
Perception: An exciting team with outstanding individuals in Julinho and Montuori. Lost just one game in 1955-56 and were unlucky to come up against all-conquering Real Madrid in the European Cup final 1957.
First Vienna 1930-1933: Karl Horeschovsky, Karl Rainer, Josef Blum, Willi Schmaus, Leopold Hofmann, Leonhard Machu, Anton Brosenbauer, Josef Adelbrecht, Fritz Gschwéidl, Gustav Tögel, Franz Erdl.
Achievements: Austrian Champions 1931 and 1933; Austrian Cup winners 1930; Mitropa Cup winners 1931.
Manager: Ferdinand Frithum
Key men:Josef Blum, uncompromising defender and captain, won 51 caps for Austria; Leopold Hofmann, spent 15 years with the club, a skilful half-back who played in the 1934 World Cup. Won 27 caps for Austria. Josef Aldebrecht, much-travelled forward.
Perception: Early adopters of the Danubian style.
Flamengo 1981: Raul, Nei Das, Marinho, Mozer, Júnior, Andrade, Leandro, Zico, Nunes, Tita, Adílio, Anselmo, Lico, Baroninho.
Achievements: Campeanato Brasileiro Série A winners 1980, 1982, 1983; Libertadores Cup winners 1981; Campeanato Carioca (Rio state championship) 1981. World Club champions (Intercontinental Cup) 1981.
Manager: Paulo César Capegiani
Key men: Zico, the “white Pele” who won over 70 caps for Brazil. Attacking midfielder, two-footed and a free-kick specialist; Júnior, attacking left-sided full back who could play in midfield; Leandro, one of Brazil’s all-time great defenders, a right wing-back with good dribbling skills.
Perception: Attacking team who enjoyed their best ever season in 1981. Packed with talent and typical Brazilian skill.
Fortuna Düsseldorf 1933: Willi Pesch, Kurt Trautwein, Paul Janes, Paul Bornefeld, Jakob Bender, Paul Mehl, Georg Hochsegang, Theo Breuer, Felix Zwolanowski, Willi Wigold, Stanislaus Kobierski.
Achievements: Western Germany Champions 1931; German Championship winners 1933.
Manager: Heinz Körner
Key men:Paul Janes, one of the best full backs of his era, alsoplayed sweeper. Techniclaly brilliant, he was one of the first players to perform the bicycle kick; Jakob Bender, midfielder who played in the 1934 World Cup for Germany; Georg Hochsegang, veteran forward, also an international; Stanislaus Kobierski, forward who scored Germany’s first ever goal in the World Cup.
Perception: Underdogs who won the German championship against FC Schalke.
France 1982-1986: Joël Bats, Patrick battiston, Yvon Le Roux, Maxime bossis, Marius Tresor, Gerard Janvion, Jean-François Domergue, Luis Fernández, Alain Giresse, Jean Tigana, Michel Platini, Bernard Lacombe, Bruno Bellone, Manuel Amoros, Christian Lopez, Dominique Rocheteau, Bernard Genghini, Didier Six, William Ayache, Yannick Stopyra.
Achievements: World Cup semi-finalists 1982 and 1986; European Championship winners 1984.
Manager: Michael Hidalgo, Henri Michel
Key men: Michel Platini, one of the all-time greats. Skilful, elegant, strategic and an eye for goal, along with superb dead-ball ability; Alain Giresse, attacking or central midfielder who acted as a playmaker and possessed pace and stamina; Jean Tigana, box-to-box midfielder with great movement, pace, defensive ability and teamwork ethic.
Perception: Wonderful midfield, marshalled by Platini. Flowing, dynamic football.
France 1998-2000: Fabien Barthez, Lilian Thurum, Frank Leboeuf, Marcel Desailly, Bixente Lizaru, Didier Deschamps, Christian Karembeu, Emmanuel Petit, Zinedine Zidane, Youri Djorkaeff, Stephane Guivarc’h, Patrick Vieira, Christoph Dugarry, Laurent Blanc, Thierry Henry, Sylvain Wiltord, David Trezeguet, Robert Pires.
Achievements:World Cup winners 1998, European Championship winners 2000.
Managers: Aimé Jacquet, Roger Lemerre
Key men: Zinedine Zidane, one of the finest players of his generation. Elegant playmaker and attacking midfielder with an eye for goal; Didier Deschamps, intelligent and hard-working defensive midfielder and captain; Marcel Desailly, powerful sweeper/central defender born in Ghana.
Perception:Exciting, skilful side with superb individuals.
France 2018: Hugo Lloris, Benjamin Pavard, Raphaël Varane, Samuel Umtiti, Lucas Hernandez, Paul Pogba, N’Golo Kanté, Kylian Mbappe, Antoine Griezmann, Blaise Matuidi, Olivier Giroud, Steven Nzonzi, Corentin Tolisso, Nabil Fakir.
Achievements: 2016 European Championship finalists; 2018 World Cup winners.
Manager: Didier Deschamps
Key men: Paul Pogba, tall, powerful midfielder, skilful but often temperamental; N’Golo Kanté, busy, hard-working midfielder who provides link between defence and attack; Kylian Mbappe, young striker brimming with skill and goal power.
Perception: The best side in an entertaining World Cup in Russia.
Fulham 1974-75: Peter Mellor, John Cutbush, John Fraser, Alan Mullery, John Lacy, Bobby Moore, John Mitchell, Jimmy Conway, Viv Busby, Alan Slough, Les Barrett, Barry Lloyd.
Manager: Alec Stock
Achievements: FA Cup finalists 1974-75, Anglo-Scottish Cup finalists 1975-76.
Key men: John Mitchell, 23 year-old forward plucked from non-league football (St. Albans) who scored the decisive semi-final goal against Birmingham. Played 170 league games for Fulham, scoring 57 goals. Later played for Millwall and returned to his first club. Bobby Moore, although 34 years old, former England skipper Moore played a key role in helping Fulham’s younger players. He joined in 1974 from West Ham and finally retired in 1977 having played 148 games for Fulham. John Lacy, tall central defender who was signed from non-league Kingstonian. He was sold to Spurs in 1978 for £ 195,000.
Perception: Surprise FA Cup finalists, boosted by veterans like Alan Mullery and Bobby Moore.
G
Glentoran 1950-51: Cecil Moore, John Dunlop, Noel McCarthy, Patrick Mulholland, Tommy Hughes, Jimmy Ferran, Michael Cunningham, Sammy Ewing, Sammy Hughes, Thomas Williamson, Jimmy Feeney, Billy Neill, Billy Humphries, Jim Murdough.
Manager: Frank Grice
Achievements: Irish League champions 1950-51, 1952-53; Irish Cup winners 1950-51.
Key men: Sammy Hughes, Ballymena-born centre forward who was a prolific scorer, netting 297 goals for Glentoran in 378 games. Topped the Irish League scoring list three times in his career. Cecil Moore, goalkeeper who was capped by Ireland the United States. Joined Glentoran after the second world war and played six years with the club.
Perception: Hard-to-beat team moulded by Frank Grice.
Górnik Zabrze 1964-1967: Hubert Kostka, Stefan Florenski, Jan Kowalski, Roman Lentner, Włodzimierz Lubanski, Jerzy Musiałek, Edward Olszowska, Stanisław Oslizło,Ernest Pohl, Waldemar Słomiany, Erwin Wilczek, Zygfryd Szołtysik, Jan Gomola, Rainer Kuchta, Norbert Gwosdek, Alfred Olek.
Achievements: Polish League champions 1964-65, 1965-66, 1966-67; Polish Cup winners 1964-65.
Manager: Ferenc Farsang, Władyslaw Giergiel, Geza Kalocsai.
Key men: Włodzimierz Lubanski, fast and prolific in front of goal. Injury robbed him of a place in Poland’s 1974 World Cup team. Second highest scorer for Polish national team; Hubert Kostka, goalkeeper who placed for the national team for a decade; Zygfryd Szołtysik, diminutive midfielder nicknamed “Zyga”, won 46 caps for Poland.
Perception: Fast-moving team, fearsome on their own patch.
Grasshopper Zurich 1936-37: Willy Huber, Severino Minellu, Walter Weiler, Oscar Rauch, Sirio Vernati, Max Abegglen, Josef Artimovics, Alfred Bickel, Eugen Rupf, Fritz Wagner, Robert Weiler.
Achievements: Swiss League champions 1936-37, Swiss Cup winners 1936-37, Swiss Cup winners 1937-38
Manager: Karl Rappan
Key men: Willy Huber, strong goalkeeper who played in two World Cups for Switzerland, winning 16 caps; Severino Minelli, one of the first sweepers, a calm defender who won 80 caps in a long career with Grasshopper; Alfred Bickel, tough striker who played 71 times for Switzerland.
Perception: Innovative team coached by Rappan, early adopters of catenaccio system “the bolt” and use of sweepers.
Great Britain Olympic XI 1912: Ronald Brebner, Thomas Burn, Arthur Knight, Joseph Dines, Edward Hanney, Henry Littlewort, Doug McWhirter, Harold Stamper, Gordon Wright, Harold Walden, Vivien Woodward, Arthur Berry, Gordon Hoare, Ivan Sharpe.
Achievements: Olympic Gold medal, 1912 in Stockholm.
Managers: A.Birch
Key men: Ivan Sharpe, fast winger who went on to become a leading football writer; R.G. Brebner, outstanding goalkeeper who sadly signed two years on from a head injury sustained in a football match; Harold Walden, goalscoring forward to was later a music hall star.
Perception: Cultured team, full of the Corinthian spirit.
Greece 2004: Antonios Nikopolidis, Giourkas Seitaridis, Michalis Kapsis, Traianos Dellas, Takis Fyssas, Kostas Katsouranis, Theodoros Zagorakis, Angelos Basinas, Angelos Charisteas, Stelios Giannakopoulos, Zisis Vryzas, Stylianos Venetidis, Dimitris Papadopoulos.
Achie | ||||
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] | null | [] | 2022-12-30T07:57:25+08:00 | Football News - SAO PAULO - Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82. Sao Paulo’s Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment,... Read more at www.tnp.sg | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | The New Paper | https://tnp.straitstimes.com/sports/football/pele-brazilian-legend-beautiful-game-dies-82 | SAO PAULO - Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82.
Sao Paulo’s Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment, said he died at 3.27pm “due to multiple organ failures resulting from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition.”
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
“Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today,” it read, adding he had “enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love.”
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil’s dominance of the beautiful game.
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was “a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went.”
Bolsonaro’s successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that “few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did.”
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele’s legacy would live forever. “The game. The king. Eternity,” Macron tweeted.
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumour removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele’s ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the centre of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a parade carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighbourhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
Pele, whose given name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner’s medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later - even though he missed most of the tournament through injury - and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents – many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as player and corporate pitchman.
“I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele’s country, a guy who was a great athlete,” said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. “And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete.”
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named “Athlete of the Century” by the International Olympic Committee, co-“Football Player of the Century” by world soccer body Fifa, and a “national treasure” by Brazil’s government.
His celebrity was often overwhelming. Grown adults broke down crying in his presence with regularity. As a player, souvenir-seeking fans often rushed the field following games and tore off his shorts, socks and even underwear.
His house in Brazil was less than a mile from a beach, but he didn’t go there for some two decades because of fear of crowds.
Yet even in unguarded moments among friends, he rarely complained. He believed that his talent was a divine gift, and he spoke movingly about how soccer allowed him to travel the world, bring cheer to cancer patients and survivors of wars and famine, and provide for a family that, growing up, often did not know the source of their next meal.
“God gave me this ability for one reason: To make people happy,” he said during a 2013 interview with Reuters. “No matter what I did, I tried not to forget that.”
Brazil’s CBF soccer federation said “Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time ... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil.”
Kylian Mbappe, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
“The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten,” he wrote on Twitter. “RIP KING.” - REUTERS | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 12 | https://www.soccerzz.com/coach/edinho/65323 | en | Coach Profile | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 10 | https://www.facebook.com/omuseudapelada/videos/maior-artilheiro-de-mo%25C3%25A7a-bonita-o-atacante-luis%25C3%25A3o-bateu-um-papo-com-a-equipe-do-/758430815400511/ | en | Maior artilheiro de Moça Bonita, o atacante Luisão bateu um papo com a equipe do Museu da Pelada para relembrar sua trajetória nos gramados! | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 45 | https://wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/59484/best-spots-for-lunch-in-angra-dos-reis | en | The 50 best spots for lunch in Angra Dos Reis | https://itin-dev.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/freeImage/YK0kKis9qRLhDEqWp2JrooMdH8xNfMDR | https://itin-dev.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/freeImage/YK0kKis9qRLhDEqWp2JrooMdH8xNfMDR | [
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] | null | [] | null | We've collected the most-often-mentioned 50 places from other articles, including favorites like Bar e Restaurante Lua e Mar, Café do Mar, and Bar do Chuveiro Unidade Aquidabã | /assets/favicon.png | Wanderlog | https://wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/59484/best-spots-for-lunch-in-angra-dos-reis | What's the weather like in Angra Dos Reis?
It depends on when you visit! We've compiled data from NASA on what the weather is like in Angra Dos Reis for each month of the year: see the links below for more information.
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in January
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in February
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in March
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in April
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in May
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in June
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in July
Weather in Angra Dos Reis in August
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Looking for day-by-day itineraries in Angra Dos Reis?
Get inspired for your trip to Angra Dos Reis with our curated itineraries that are jam-packed with popular attractions everyday! Check them out here:
1-Day Angra Dos Reis Itinerary
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5-Day Angra Dos Reis Itinerary | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 33 | https://www.ncronline.org/earthbeat/politics/indigenous-church-activists-fear-amazons-destruction-if-bolsonaro-reelected | en | Indigenous, church activists fear Amazon's destruction if Bolsonaro is reelected | [
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] | null | [] | null | Ahead of the final round of Brazil's presidential election, Catholic social pastoral ministries released a letter repudiating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro's reelection. They cited his "policy of environmental destruction." | en | /files/NCR%20Blue%20avatars%2016X16%20pixels.jpg | National Catholic Reporter | https://www.ncronline.org/earthbeat/politics/indigenous-church-activists-fear-amazons-destruction-if-bolsonaro-reelected | Editor's note: This story was updated Oct. 30 at 7:15 p.m., central, with results of Brazil's election.
Days ahead of the second, and final, round of Brazil's presidential election, a number of Catholic social pastoral ministries in the country released a letter repudiating the incumbent Jair Bolsonaro's reelection. One of the reasons they cited for their stance: the current president's "policy of environmental destruction."
The Oct. 21 letter was signed by dozens of church groups, including committees within the Brazilian bishops' conference that deal especially with vulnerable populational segments. Among them were the Land Pastoral Commission, the Indigenous Missionary Council, or CIMI, and Caritas.
Brazilians will return to the polls Oct. 30 for a runoff vote that pits Bolsonaro against former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. In the first round Oct. 2, Lula da Silva led with 48.4% of the votes, while Bolsonaro had 43.2%. A candidate had to exceed 50% of the vote to avoid the runoff election.
The most recent polls show that Lula 6 is percentage points ahead, with 53% support, versus Bolsonaro at 47%.
After the polls closed and ballots were tallied Oct. 30, Lula was declared the winner by Brazil's election authority, achieving a narrow victory with just over 50% of the vote, per preliminary results.
Among their reasons to reject a second Bolsonaro term, the Catholic groups also mentioned his "bad attitudes concerning his handling of issues" connected to different social minorities, including native peoples and traditional communities who often are at the center of the struggle for environmental protections and human rights and whose livelihoods directly depend on the South American country's vast ecosystems.
In recent years, Indigenous activists and Catholics have worked together to denounce how Bolsonaro has simultaneously weakened the government's environmental agencies and endorsed the invasion of protected lands, which has led to unprecedented destruction in all Brazilian biomes — especially in the Amazon — and has impacted the lives of thousands of the rainforest's peoples.
Environmental experts in Brazil have argued that the Amazon would not survive four more years in the current scenario. Parts of the rainforest — especially in its eastern and southeastern portions — already emit more carbon than they can absorb, according to agronomist Ima Guimarães Vieira, a researcher at the Emilio Goeldi Museum in Belém and an adviser to the Catholic Church's Pan-Amazon Ecclesial Network (REPAM).
"The Amazon already had 20% of its area destroyed [in the past five decades]. I think that a new Bolsonaro tenure would result in at least 30% of deforestation," she told EarthBeat. The past four years alone has seen the devastation reach 48,000 square kilometers, she added.
Ecologists like Vieira say that Bolsonaro considers environmental issues to be an obstacle to his model of exploitation of the Amazon, which is based on highly environmentally impacting activities like cattle raising and mining.
"During his administration, the environmental monitoring and control agencies have been weakened and crimes have not been punished. Actions to combat deforestation were reduced and laws were changed [in order to loosen environmental protections]," she said.
A recent report showed that the federal budget for environmental policies has fallen substantially. In 2014, during former President Dilma Rousseff's tenure, government spending on the environment reached its highest levels in history, $2.5 billion. By 2021, Bolsonaro had slashed spending to less than $700 million on environmental protection.
"Those organs [agencies] had their teams reduced. Senior workers retired and the government has not hired new ones. The number of monitoring operations and raids declined. At times, inspectors in charge of harsh measures against illegal loggers were fired," said Sr. Jean Ann Bellini, a U.S.-born missionary in Brazil who is part of Land Pastoral Commission.
The National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform, or INCRA, the governmental agency in charge of land reform in Brazil, has completely ceased to grant farmlands to landless peasants under Bolsonaro, Bellini added.
"At the same time, he endorsed a kind of deed regularization based on the self-declaration of ownership. This way, what happened is that land invaders — especially in the Amazon — have received the right to own areas inside of protected reservations, for instance," she said.
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In Brazil, many lands are owned by the state. Historically, people would occupy them and forge ownership documents, a process called grilagem in Portuguese. The origin of the word is connected to the fact that invaders would put grilos — the Portuguese word for crickets — inside of a box with a fraudulent deed. After a few days, the document would look like an ancient piece of paper and the forger would show it as evidence of his rightful claim to an area.
"Bolsonaro's policy officialized grilagem in Brazil," Bellini said. But no crickets are needed now.
Illegal land occupiers, or grileiros, usually invade areas and destroy the existing forest so they can sell "cleared lands" to farmers for higher prices. When that process is certified by the government — as Bolsonaro has been doing — agrobusiness companies feel free to buy those areas to expand their operations.
Under Bolsonaro, the incentives for illegal land clearing practices have come from many sources, Bellini said. Along with the federal government, local governments supportive of Bolsonaro have also played a role by approving legislation to favor land invaders and economic activities in protected zones.
"This way, even lone wolves with no political connections nor financial strength have been feeling empowered to occupy and destroy the rainforest, with the expectation that Bolsonaro will somehow legitimate their actions," she said.
Such practices will likely keep advancing even if Bolsonaro is not reelected, Bellini warned.
Besides small farmers, Indigenous peoples are the most impacted groups by the land intrusions. Most native peoples worry about a second Bolsonaro term.
"Bolsonaro has cut the dialogue with the Indigenous peoples and is boosting a model of occupation in the Amazon, which is extremely contrary to their traditional way of living," Antonio Eduardo de Oliveira, CIMI executive secretary, told EarthBeat.
That concern has led many Amazonian Indigenous peoples to take an active role in the presidential campaign, not only demonstrating support to Lula da Silva but also appointing their own candidates to Congress. Only a handful of the Indigenous candidates won offices in the Oct. 2 elections, but de Oliveira said those who did — like Congresswoman Sonia Guajajara, a longtime Indigenous activist — will be strong voices against the destruction of the Amazon during the next four years.
"[Guajajara has] a profound knowledge of the Amazonian reality," he said.
A recent report published by the progressive newspaper Brasil de Fato found a confluence between environmental destruction in the Amazon and support for Bolsonaro. In general, the most destroyed areas of the rainforest have been the ones where Bolsonaro and his allies received more votes.
"That relation is expected," Vieira, the REPAM adviser, said. "In the southeast and southwest regions of Pará State, for instance, where agrobusiness is hegemonic and devastation is terrible, Bolsonaro has been the most voted candidate in the first round."
In the city of Novo Progresso, where in August 2019 local farmers and loggers promoted a "day of fire," Bolsonaro had almost 80% of the votes, she added.
"The Indigenous peoples know that the rainforest will be destroyed if he is reelected. We are the guardians of nature and he will do anything to take us out of his way," Adriano Karipuna, a member of the Karipuna people from Rondonia State, told EarthBeat.
The Karipuna have been facing a vast invasion of their territory over the past years. The invaders have already devastated about a third of the area's Amazon rainforest.
"To make things worse, both candidates for state governor support Bolsonaro's policies for the environment," he said. "Even if Lula is elected, we will have to deal locally with such a disaster."
In the absence of government action, Indigenous groups all over the Amazon have mobilized in order to monitor invasions of their territories and act when necessary. That is the case of the Indigenous Council of Roraima, an alliance of several local Indigenous peoples that established security bases in different parts of the northern state's Indigenous lands.
"There has been a continuous pressure from illegal miners over our lands," coordinator Edinho Macuxi said. "Earlier this year, we had to carry out an operation against them. We set fire to their dredges and destroyed their equipment."
Macuxi emphasized that the Indigenous peoples are well organized and ready to keep fighting Bolsonaro if he is elected again.
"That would be a fierce battle, but we will never simply allow him to destroy the environment as he wants to do," he said. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 3 | https://alchetron.com/Edinho-Campos-519307-W | en | Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia | [
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] | null | [] | 2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00 | Edimo Ferreira Campos (born 15 January 1983), commonly known as Edinho, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Coritiba. Edinho is a versatile midfielder with precise passing and is efficient in the tackle while committing very few fouls. In January 2010 Palme | en | /favicon.ico | Alchetron.com | https://alchetron.com/Edinho-Campos | Career
In January 2010 Palmeiras confirmed that the club signed another reinforcement for the team, this season, the club signed for 4 years the defensive midfielder, until December 2013.
In January 2011 Fluminense sing the player for peticion by, Muricy Ramalho, coach of the Fluminense.
On 19 December 2013, with the end of his contract with Fluminense, transferred to the Grêmio for the 2014 season.
On the June 6, 2016 it was involved In a change changes player Negueba, in the which Edinho will act for Coritiba.
Career statistics
As of 2 April 2017
Club
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008
Copa Libertadores: 2006
FIFA Club World Cup: 2006
Recopa Sudamericana: 2007
Copa Sudamericana: 2008
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2012
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2012 | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 89 | https://www.skyscanner.com.sa/sa/en-gb/sar/hotels/brazil/pompeu-hotels/near-balneario-rei-dos-lagos-rancho-do-edinho/pl-215765222 | en | Skyscanner | https://www.skyscanner.com.sa/favicon.ico | https://www.skyscanner.com.sa/favicon.ico | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 8 | https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-male-football-players/reference%3Fpage%3D6 | en | Famous Male Football Players | https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/4825/984825/original/famous-male-football-players-u3 | https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/4825/984825/original/famous-male-football-players-u3 | [
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] | 2013-08-30T00:00:00 | List of famous male football players, listed by their level of prominence with photos when available. This greatest male football players list contains the ... | en | /img/icons/touch-icon-iphone.png | Ranker | https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-male-football-players/reference | David Beckham, born on May 2, 1975 in London, England, is a globally recognized figure in the realm of professional football. The son of a kitchen fitter and a hairdresser, Beckham's passion for football was ignited at an early age, leading him to play for several youth teams before he was noticed by Manchester United scouts. His professional journey began when he signed a contract with Manchester United at the age of 16, marking the start of an illustrious career that would span over two decades. Beckham's tenure at Manchester United was characterized by a string of successes. With his exceptional talent and precision, he helped the team secure numerous victories including six Premier League titles and the prestigious UEFA Champions League. In 2003, Beckham made a notable move to Real Madrid, where he continued to establish his prowess on the pitch. After four years with the Spanish team, he made a surprising shift to the American Major League Soccer, joining Los Angeles Galaxy. The move not only catapulted Beckham's fame in the United States but also contributed significantly to the growth of the sport in the country. Beyond his exploits on the field, Beckham has been equally influential off it. He retired from professional football in 2013 but continues to contribute to the sport through various engagements, including owning Inter Miami CF, a Major League Soccer team. Additionally, his marriage to Victoria Adams, a former member of the pop group Spice Girls, and their subsequent family life has attracted substantial media attention, further cementing Beckham's status as a global icon. Additionally, his philanthropic efforts, particularly as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, have earned him widespread admiration and respect.
Antonio Ramiro Romo (born April 21, 1980) is an American football television analyst and retired quarterback who played 14 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Eastern Illinois University, where he won the Walter Payton Award in 2002, and led the Panthers to an Ohio Valley Conference championship in 2001. He signed as an undrafted free agent with the Cowboys in 2003. Beginning his career as a holder, Romo became the Cowboys' starting quarterback during the 2006 season. Serving as the team's primary starter from 2006 to 2015, he guided the Cowboys to four postseason appearances and was named to the Pro Bowl four times. Romo retired after the 2016 season, following a preseason back injury that caused him to lose his starting position to Dak Prescott. Upon retiring, he was hired by CBS Sports to become the lead color analyst for their NFL telecasts, teaming with Jim Nantz in the broadcast booth. Romo holds several Cowboys team records, including passing touchdowns, passing yards, most games with at least 300 passing yards, and games with three or more touchdown passes. He also held a higher passer rating in the fourth quarter than any other NFL quarterback from 2006 to 2013. However, Romo's reputation was affected by a lack of postseason success, having won only two of the six playoff games he appeared in and never advancing beyond the divisional round. His 97.1 passer rating is the fourth highest of all time and the highest among quarterbacks not to reach the Super Bowl, as well as the highest among retired players.
Diego Maradona, born on October 30, 1960, in Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina, was a football maestro who made an indelible impression on the global sports scene. His journey from the shanty town of Villa Fiorito to becoming one of the most iconic figures in football is nothing short of extraordinary. He was known for his exceptional skill, audacious style, and ability to both create and score goals, earning him accolades worldwide. Maradona shot to prominence after joining the Argentinos Juniors at the tender age of 10. His dazzling performances caught the attention of Boca Juniors, one of Argentina's most prestigious clubs, where he honed his skills before securing a high-profile transfer to Barcelona in Spain. However, it was at Napoli in Italy where Maradona truly etched his name into football folklore. Under his leadership, Napoli won their first-ever Serie A title in 1987 and repeated the feat in 1990, with Maradona being instrumental in both campaigns. Internationally, Maradona's crowning glory came in the 1986 World Cup, where he led Argentina to victory. His infamous Hand of God goal and his brilliant solo effort against England in the quarterfinals are still talked about today. Despite facing numerous challenges, including battles with drug addiction and health issues, Maradona's contributions to football remain unparalleled. He passed away on November 25, 2020, leaving behind a legacy that has inspired generations of footballers. | ||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 72 | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/2017/03/ | en | Soccer, football or whatever | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 70 | https://www.bssnews.net/sports/125613 | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | null | [] | null | SANTOS, Brazil, May 16 2023 (BSS/AFP) - It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after | https://www.bssnews.net/favicon.ico?v=5 | BSS | https://www.bssnews.net/sports/125613 | SANTOS, Brazil, May 16 2023 (BSS/AFP) - It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 71 | https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2022/12/30/695386/Brazil-Pele-Football-icon-dies- | en | Legendary Brazilian football player, Pele, dies at 82 | [
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Sao Paulo's Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment, said he died at 3:27 p.m. "due to multiple organ failures resulting from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition."
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
"Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today," it read, adding he had "enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love."
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil's dominance of the beautiful game.
Three days of mourning for Pele declared
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was "a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went."
Bolsonaro's successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that "few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did."
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele's legacy would live forever. "The game. The king. Eternity," Macron tweeted.
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumor removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele's ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the center of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a parade carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighborhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
Pele, whose given name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner's medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later - even though he missed most of the tournament through injury - and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents – many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as player and corporate pitchman.
"I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele's country, a guy who was a great athlete," said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. "And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete."
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named "Athlete of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, co-"Football Player of the Century" by world soccer body FIFA, and a "national treasure" by Brazil's government.
His celebrity was often overwhelming. Grown adults broke down crying in his presence with regularity. As a player, souvenir-seeking fans often rushed the field following games and tore off his shorts, socks and even underwear.
His house in Brazil was less than a mile from a beach, but he didn't go there for some two decades because of fear of crowds.
Yet even in unguarded moments among friends, he rarely complained. He believed that his talent was a divine gift, and he spoke movingly about how soccer allowed him to travel the world, bring cheer to cancer patients and survivors of wars and famine, and provide for a family that, growing up, often did not know the source of their next meal.
"God gave me this ability for one reason: To make people happy," he said during a 2013 interview with Reuters. "No matter what I did, I tried not to forget that."
Brazil's CBF soccer federation said "Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time ... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil."
Kylian Mbappé, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
"The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten," he wrote on Twitter. "RIP KING."
(Source: Reuters) | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 24 | https://www.gettyimages.in/photos/brazilian-ferreira%3Fpage%3D5 | en | Getty Images | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 26 | https://en.soccerwiki.org/player.php%3Fpid%3D10454 | en | Soccer player database, Soccer club database | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 9 | https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/v-internacional-recopa-sudamericana | en | Getty Images | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 65 | https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/football/pele-s-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil-4236794 | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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"Pele",
"Ronaldo Rodrigues",
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-16T13:12:07+00:00 | He died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Nation | https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/football/pele-s-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil-4236794 | Santos, Brazil
It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 67 | https://www.facebook.com/robertorequiao/videos/requi%25C3%25A3o-e-deccache-falam-de-campos-neto-e-do-bc-independente-light-corre-risco-d/3314738985441673/ | en | Requião e Deccache falam de Campos Neto e do "BC independente"; Light corre risco de quebrar | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 88 | https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/brazilian-great-pele-passes-away-football-soccer/20221230.htm | en | Football's 'Eternal great' Pele passes away | [
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Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82.
Sao Paulo's Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment, said he died at 3:27 p.m. "due to multiple organ failures resulting from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition."
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
"Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today," it read, adding he had "enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love."
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil's dominance of the beautiful game.
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was "a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went."
Bolsonaro's successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that "few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did."
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele's legacy would live forever. "The game. The king. Eternity," Macron tweeted.
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumor removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele's ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the center of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a procession carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighborhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
'WHAT IS POSSIBLE'
U.S. President Joe Biden said on his Twitter that Pele's rise from humble beginnings to soccer legend was a story of "what is possible."
Pele, whose given name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner's medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later - even though he missed most of the tournament through injury - and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents – many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as player and corporate pitchman.
"I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele's country, a guy who was a great athlete," said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. "And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete."
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named "Athlete of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, co-"Football Player of the Century" by world soccer body FIFA, and a "national treasure" by Brazil's government.
His celebrity was often overwhelming. Grown adults broke down crying in his presence with regularity. When he was a player, souvenir-seeking fans rushed the field following games and tore off his shorts, socks and even underwear.
His house in Brazil was less than a mile from a beach, but he didn't go there for some two decades because of fear of crowds.
Yet even in unguarded moments among friends, he rarely complained. He believed that his talent was a divine gift, and he spoke movingly about how soccer allowed him to travel the world, bring cheer to cancer patients and survivors of wars and famine, and provide for a family that, growing up, often did not know the source of their next meal.
"God gave me this ability for one reason: To make people happy," he said during a 2013 interview with Reuters. "No matter what I did, I tried not to forget that."
Brazil's CBF soccer federation said "Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil."
Kylian Mbappé, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
"The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten," he wrote on Twitter. "RIP KING." | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 32 | https://www.tiktok.com/%40netta/video/6919153495606136066 | en | Make Your Day | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 13 | https://www.rsssf.org/players/braz-players-in-it.html | en | Brazilian Players and Coaches in Italy | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | null | About this document
List of Brazilian Players and Coaches in Italy before 1945
Arnoni Vicente Born in São Paulo 18.5.1907 Forward Palestra Italia São Paulo 1935-36 Milan 30 6 1936-37 Milan - - 1937-38 Milan 18 4 Barbuy Amilcar Born in 1879 (or 1893) Died in São Paulo in september 1965 Forward 1931-32 Lazio (player-manager) 1 - Bertini Demostene Born in Rio de Janeiro 17.11.1909 Half Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1932-33 Torino 15 - 1933-34 Torino 15 - 1934-35 Torino 6 - 1935-36 Sampierdarenese Genova 28 - Canalli Héctor Born in Juíz de Fora 11.5.1909 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1933-34 Torino 9 - Castelli José "Ratto" Born in São Paulo 19.8.1908 (or 1903) Midfield Corinthians São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 28 4 1932-33 Lazio 18 3 1933-34 Lazio 1 - Del Debbio Armando Born in São Paulo 2.11.1904 Died in São Paulo 9.5.1984 Back 1925-26 Lucchese (II) Corinthians São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 30 4 1932-33 Lazio 28 - 1933-34 Lazio 16 - 1934-35 Lazio 22 - De María Alejandro Born in Saracatro 19.6.1904 Forward Palestra Italia São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 29 7 1932-33 Lazio 28 7 1933-34 Lazio 26 8 1934-35 Lazio 29 10 Fantoni João "Ninão" (I) Born in Belo Horizonte 24.7.1903 Centerforward 1928-30 Palestra Italia Belo Horizonte 1930-31 Lazio 10 6 1931-32 Lazio 29 8 1932-33 Lazio 30 10 1933-34 Lazio 20 4 1934-35 Lazio 30 6 NB: both his sons (Fernando Fantoni and Benito Fantoni, both backs) played for Cruzeiro and later for Lazio Fantoni Octávio "Nininho" (II) Born in Belo Horizonte 4.4.1907 Died in Roma 20.1.1935 Midfield 1928-30 Palestra Italia Belo Horizonte 1930-31 Lazio 10 - 1931-32 Lazio - - 1932-33 Lazio 3 - 1933-34 Lazio 21 7 1934-35 Lazio 14 - Fantoni Leonízio "Niginho" (III) Born in Belo Horizonte 18.2.1912 Centerforward 1928-30 Palestra Italia Belo Horizonte 1930-31 Lazio 8 - 1931-32 Lazio 27 4 1932-33 Lazio 25 1 1933-34 Lazio 31 1 1934-35 Lazio 25 2 Fantoni Orlando (IV) Born in Belo Horizonte 4.5.1917 1946-49 (?) Lazio Gabardo Eliseu (Elisio) Born in Curitiba (Paraná) 1.7.1911 Midfield Palestra Italia São Paulo 1935-36 Milan 12 2 1936-37 Milan 27 6 1937-38 Milan 23 1 1938-39 Liguria 26 9 1939-40 Genoa 18 7 1940-41 Genoa 10 6 1947-48 Gattinara (III) Giudicelli Fernando (I) Born in Rio de Janeiro 1.3.1906 Defender Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1931-32 Torino 28 1 1932-33 Torino 12 - Giudicelli Edson (II) Born in Rio de Janeiro Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1932-33 Torino - - Gelardi "Goliardo" José Born in São Paulo 9.5.1906 Palestra Italia São Paulo 1933-34 Napoli 1 - 1934-35 Padova (II) 11 1 1935-36 Padova (III) 28 4 1936-37 Padova (III) 26 1 Guarisi Marques Anfilogino "Filó" Born in São Paulo 26.12.1905 Forward Corinthians São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 24 10 1932-33 Lazio 30 5 1933-34 Lazio 33 13 1934-35 Lazio 20 8 1935-36 Lazio 18 5 1936-37 Lazio 2 - Innocenti Paulo Born in São Paulo 11.3.1902 Died in Napoli 13.7.1983 Back 1925-26 Virtus Bologna 1926-27 Napoli 18 1 1927-28 Napoli 18 - 1928-29 Napoli 15 - 1929-30 Napoli 33 - 1930-31 Napoli 34 1 1931-32 Napoli 34 1 1932-33 Napoli 34 1 1933-34 Napoli 22 1 1934-35 Napoli 10 - 1935-36 Napoli 6 - Pennacchi Luís Atílio Born in Mons Sião 4.7.1918 Half 1938-39 Lucchese - - 1939-40 Lucchese (II) 21 1 1940-41 Lucchese (II) 27 - Piantoni Guillermo Born in Boavistas 1.7.1912 Half 1929-30 Torino 3 - 1930-31 Torino 3 - 1931-32 Palermo (II) 1932-33 Palermo 23 - Porta Arnaldo Born 5.10.1896 Centerforward 1914-15 Hellas Verona 1919-20 Hellas Verona 1925-26 Hellas Verona 21 7 1926-27 Hellas Verona 14 7 1927-28 Hellas Verona 14 8 1928-29 Hellas Verona 28 10 Ragusa Gaetano Born in São Paulo 11.5.1909 Forward Palestra Italia São Paulo 1933-34 Napoli 1 - Rizzetti Pedro "Pepe" Born in São Paulo 25.6.1907 Half Palestra Italia São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 27 - 1932-33 Lazio 3 - 1933-34 Lazio 15 - Salatin Duilio Born in São Paulo 6.8.1906 Palestra Italia São Paulo Half 1933-34 Lazio 12 1 Santillo Juvenal Born in São Paulo 22.10.1910 Back Palestra Italia São Paulo 1933-34 Napoli 2 - Serafini Enzio Enrique Born in Lasongas 1.8.1904 Half Palestra Italia São Paulo 1931-32 Lazio 16 - 1932-33 Lazio 31 1 1933-34 Lazio 27 22 1934-35 Lazio 22 - Sernagiotto Pedro Born in São Paulo 17.11.1908 Died in São Paulo in april 1965 Forward Palestra Italia São Paulo 1931-32 Juventus - - 1932-33 Juventus 24 7 1933-34 Juventus 26 7 Tedesco André Emanuel Born in 1905 Midfield Atlético Santista Santos 1931-32 Lazio 6 1 Vio A. Born in São Paulo in 1918 Goalkeeper 1941-42 Treviso (III) Vitrone Osvaldo Born in São Paulo 5.5.1920 1940-41 Cavese Cava de Tirreni (III) Zacconi Benedicto Born in Rio de Janeiro 10.2.1910 Back Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1933-34 Torino 29 6 1934-35 Torino 28 1 1935-36 Lazio 26 - 1936-37 Lazio 30 - 1937-38 Lazio 26 - 1938-39 Lazio 28 4 Zanettin Adrián Born in Porto Alegre 8.8.1914 Forward 1935-36 Hellas Verona (II) 1 -
List of Brazilian Players and Coaches in Italy after 1945
Adailton Adailton Bolzan Martins Born in Santiago 24.1.1977 Forward 1995 Juventude 19 1 1996 Juventude 16 - 1997 Guarani - - 1997-98 Parma 13 2 1998-99 Paris Saint Germain (France) 19 2 1999-00 Verona 28 7 Adelson Adelson Portela Born in 1939 Forward 1964-67 Cuneo (V) Alberto Alberto Valentim do Carmo Born 22.3.1975 Defender-midfield 1993-95 Guarani Campinas 1996 Internacional Limeira (II) Atlético Paranaense (II) 1997 São Paulo Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1998 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro Atlético Paranaense 1999 Atlético Rentistas (Uruguay) 1999-00 Udinese 14 - Aldair Aldair Nascimento dos Santos Born in Ilheus 30.11.1965 Defender 1986 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1987 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1988 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1989 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1989-90 Benfica Lisboa (Portugal) 22 5 1990-91 Roma 29 2 1991-92 Roma 33 3 1992-93 Roma 28 2 1993-94 Roma 12 - 1994-95 Roma 28 1 1995-96 Roma 31 - 1996-97 Roma 32 2 1997-98 Roma 28 3 1998-99 Roma 27 - 1999-00 Roma Alemão Ricardo Rogerio de Brito Born in Lavras 22.11.1961 Midfield 1980-87 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro mar 87 Atlético Madrid (Spain) 4 1 1987-88 Atlético Madrid (Spain) 31 5 1988-89 Napoli 16 3 1989-90 Napoli 27 2 1990-91 Napoli 21 1 1991-92 Napoli 29 3 1992-93 Atalanta Bergamo 22 2 1993-94 Atalanta Bergamo 18 - 1994 São Paulo 1995 São Paulo 1996 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro Altafini José João Altafini 'Mazzola' Born in Piracicaba 24.7.1938 Height: 1,76 m Weight: 78 kg Centerforward (6 caps and 3 goals in Italy A National Team; 2 caps and 3 goals in Italy Youth Team) União Porto 1954-56 Atlético São Paulo 1956-58 Palmeiras São Paulo 1958-59 AC Milan A 32 28 1959-60 AC Milan A 33 20 1960-61 AC Milan A 34 22 1961-62 AC Milan A 33 22 1962-63 AC Milan A 31 11 1963-64 AC Milan A 30 14 1964-65 AC Milan A 12 3 1965-66 Napoli A 34 14 1966-67 Napoli A 27 16 1967-68 Napoli A 29 13 1968-69 Napoli A 21 5 1969-70 Napoli A 15 8 1970-71 Napoli A 25 7 1971-72 Napoli A 29 8 1972-73 Juventus A 23 9 1973-74 Juventus A 21 7 1974-75 Juventus A 20 8 1975-76 Juventus A 10 1 Total Serie A 459 216 First match in serie A: 21-09-1958: Milan-Triestina 2-0 First match in the italian national team: 15-10-1961: Israel-Italy 2-4 First goal in serie A: 05-10-1958: Milan-Bari 4-2 First goal in the italian national team: 15-10-1961: Israel-Italy 2-4 1976-77 Chiasso (Switzerland) (II) 26 14 1977-78 Chiasso (Switzerland) (II) - - 1978-79 Chiasso (Switzerland) 7 2 1980-81 Mendrisio Star (Swi) (II) Almir Almir Moraes de Albuquerque Born in Recife 25.12.1938 Midfield Boca Juniors Buenos Aires (Argentina) 1962-63 Fiorentina - - nov 62 Genoa 2 - Amalfi Yeso Amalfi Born in São Paulo 6.12.1925 Midfield Palmeiras São Paulo Boca Juniors Buenos Aires (Argentina) Peñarol Montevideo (Uruguay) 1950-51 OGC Nice (France) 1951-52 Torino 27 2 Monaco (France) Racing Paris (France) Red Star Paris (France) Olympique de Marseille (France) Amaral Amaral Paulo Lima As coach 1962-63 Juventus 1963-64 Juventus (replaced) 1964-65 Genoa Amaral Mariano Alexandre da Silva Born in Capivari 28.2.1972 Midfield 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 10 - 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 23 - 1995 Palmeiras São Paulo 20 - 1996-97 Parma 4 - 1999 Corinthians São Paulo 2000 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro Amarildo Amarildo Tavares de Silveira Junior Born in Campos 29.7.1939 Forward As player Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1963-64 Milan 31 14 1964-65 Milan 27 14 1965-66 Milan 24 2 1966-67 Milan 25 2 1967-68 Fiorentina 17 5 1968-69 Fiorentina 25 6 1969-70 Fiorentina 20 5 1970-71 Roma 21 7 1971-72 Roma 12 3 As coach 1974-78 Fiorentina (youths) 1978-81 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro (youths) 1981-82 Sorso (V) 1982-83 Sorso (V) 1983-84 no club 1984-85 Esperance Tunis (Tunisie) 1985-86 Esperance Tunis (Tunisie) 1986-87 Esperance Tunis (Tunisie) 1987-88 Rondinella Firenze (IV) (sub.) 1988-89 Turris Torre del Greco (IV) 1989-90 Turris Torre del Greco (IV) (replaced) 1990-91 Fiorentina (assistant coach) 1991-92 Fiorentina (assistant coach) jul 92 Al Ain (United Arabian Emirates) Amarildo Amarildo Souza do Amaral Born in Curitiba 2.10.1964 Centerforward 1982 Toledo 1983 Pinheiro 1984 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1985 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1986 XV Piracicaba 1987 Internacional Porto Alegre 1988 Internacional Porto Alegre 1988-89 Celta Vigo (Spain) 34 19 1989-90 Lazio 29 8 1990-91 Cesena 29 5 1991-92 Cesena (II) 36 8 Amoroso Márcio Amoroso dos Santos Born in Brasilia 5.7.1974 Forward 1992 Guarani may 92 Verdy Kawasaki 1993 Verdy Kawasaki 1994 Guarani 26 19 1995 Guarani 1996 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1996-97 Udinese 28 12 1997-98 Udinese 25 5 1998-99 Udinese 33 22 1999-00 Parma 16 4 Andrade Jorge Luis Andrade da Silva Born in Juiz de Fora 21.4.1957 1976 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1977 ULA Merida (Venezuela) 1978 ULA Merida (Venezuela) 1987 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 19 1 1988 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1988-89 Roma 9 - 1989 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro André Cruz André Alves da Cruz Born in Piracicaba 20.9.1968 Defender 1986 Ponte Preta 14 - 1987 Ponte Preta (II) 1988 Ponte Preta (II) 1989 Ponte Preta (II) 1990 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990-91 Standard Liège (Belgium) 25 2 1991-92 Standard Liège (Belgium) 30 5 1992-93 Standard Liège (Belgium) 16 2 1993-94 Standard Liège (Belgium) 33 9 1994-95 Napoli 30 7 1995-96 Napoli 29 1 1996-97 Napoli 24 5 1997-98 Milan 11 1 1998-99 Milan 2 - feb 99 Standard Liège (Belgium) 9 1 1999-00 Torino 13 1 jan 00 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 17 4 Antoninho Antonio Benedicto Angeli Born in Lindoia 10.2.1939 Centerforward Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1960-61 Fiorentina 8 1 1961-62 Fiorentina - - Batista João Batista da Silva Born in Porto Alegre 8.3.1955 Midfield 1973-80 Internacional Porto Alegre 1980-82 Gremio Porto Alegre 1983 Palmeiras São Paulo 1983-84 Lazio 25 1 1984-85 Lazio 18 1 1985-86 Lazio (II) - - oct 85 Avellino 14 1 1989 Avai Santa Catarina Battaglia Roberto José Battaglia Born in São Paulo 10.11.1940 Forward Corinthians São Paulo 1961-62 Catania - - 1962-63 Catania 11 2 1963-64 Catania 15 4 1964-65 Atalanta Bergamo 6 - Beretta Alexandro Beretta Born 16.10.1968 Forward 1987-88 Caerano (V) 1988-89 Caerano (V) 1990-91 Monfalcone (V) 7 - Bianchezi (Careca III) Carlos Alberto Bianchezi Born in São Paulo 25.8.1964 1985-87 Marilia (II) 1988 Guarani São Paulo 19 - 1989 Palmeiras São Paulo 12 1 1990 Palmeiras São Paulo 19 11 1991 Palmeiras São Paulo 12 7 1991-92 Atalanta Bergamo 29 8 1995 Monterrey (Mexico) 1996 Monterrey (Mexico) 1997 Monterrey (Mexico) Beto Joubert Araújo Martins Born Born in Cujaba 7.1.1975 Midfield 1994 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro - - 1995 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 24 - 1996 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro - - 1996-97 Napoli 22 4 1999 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 2000 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro Bilica Fabio Alves da Silva Born in Campina Grande 4.1.1979 Defender 1997 Vitoria Bahia 1998 Vitoria Bahia 1998-99 Venezia 12 - 1999-00 Venezia 18 - Bottega Jone César Bottega Born 19.1.1968 Forward 1985-92 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1993 Español (II) 1993-94 Ternana Terni (V) 7 1 1995-96 Civitanovese Civitanova Marche (V) 13 1 1996-97 Igea Virtus (V) 2 - Braga Octávio Braga Born in 1973 1998-99 Luzern (Switzerland) (II) 1999-00 Verbania (V) Branco Claudio Ibrahim Váz Leal Born in Bagé 4.4.1964 Defender Guarani 1981-86 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1986-87 Brescia 26 3 1987-88 Brescia (II) 24 1 1988-89 Porto (Portugal) 26 1 1989-90 Porto (Portugal) 27 4 1990-91 Porto (Portugal) 7 2 nov 90 Genoa 24 6 1991-92 Genoa 23 1 1992-93 Genoa 24 1 1993 Grêmio Porto Alegre 1994 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Corinthians São Paulo 1995 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro jul 95 Internacional Porto Alegre Cafu Marcos Evangelista de Moraes Born in São Paulo 19.6.1970 Defender Setuba Nacional 1990 São Paulo 20 1 1991 São Paulo 20 1 1992 São Paulo 21 1 1993 São Paulo 18 1 1994 São Paulo 16 2 1994-95 Real Zaragoza (Spain) 16 - 1995 Juventude São Paulo Palmeiras São Paulo 19 - 1996 Palmeiras São Paulo 16 - 1997 Palmeiras São Paulo - - 1997-98 Roma 31 1 1998-99 Roma 20 1 1999-00 Roma 28 2 Caio Caio Ribeiro Decousseau Born in São Paulo 16.8.1975 Forward 1994 São Paulo 17 8 1995 São Paulo 14 6 nov 95 Inter 6 - 1996-97 Napoli 20 - 1999 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 2000 Santos Camatta Antonio Roberto Camatta Born in Castelho 6.6.1939 Centerforward Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1962-63 Venezia 3 - 1963-64 Venezia (II) - - Cané Faustinho Jarbas Cané Born in Rio de Janeiro 21.9.1939 As player Forward Olaria Rio de Janeiro 1962-63 Napoli 7 - 1963-64 Napoli (II) 29 8 1964-65 Napoli (II) 29 12 1965-66 Napoli 31 12 1966-67 Napoli 26 7 1967-68 Napoli 19 4 1968-69 Napoli 25 6 1969-70 Bari 22 2 1970-71 Bari (II) 19 2 1971-72 Bari (II) 25 2 1972-73 Napoli 18 - 1973-74 Napoli 28 7 1974-75 Napoli 5 - As coach 1976-77 Napoli (youths) 1977-78 no club 1978-79 Frattese Frattamaggiore (V) 1979-80 Turris Torre del Greco (III) 1980-81 Turris Torre del Greco (III) 1981-82 Afragolese Afragola (V) 1982-83 Afragolese Afragola (V) 1983-84 Afragolese Afragola (IV) 1984-85 Sorrento (IV) (sub.) 1985-86 Sorrento (III) 1986-87 Sorrento (III) (rep./sub.) 1987-88 Afragolese Afragola (IV) 1988-89 Campania Napoli (IV) Careca Antonio de Oliveira Filho Born in São Paulo 5.10.1960 Forward 1977-82 Guarani São Paulo 1983-85 São Paulo 1986-87 São Paulo 31 25 1987-88 Napoli 26 13 1988-89 Napoli 30 19 1989-90 Napoli 22 10 1990-91 Napoli 29 9 1991-92 Napoli 33 15 1992-93 Napoli 24 7 1993 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) (II) 1994 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) (II) 19 1995 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) 1996 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) Carlinho Carlos Amaro Born 30.7.1959 Forward 1984-85 Suzzara (V) 1985-86 Suzzara (V) 1986-87 Savona (V) 1987-88 Savona (V) Casagrande Walter Casagrande Júnior Born in São Paulo 15.4.1963 Forward 1980 Corinthians São Paulo 1981 Caldense 1982-84 Corinthians São Paulo jun 84 São Paulo 1985 Corinthians São Paulo 1986-87 Porto (Portugal) 1987-88 Ascoli 27 6 1988-89 Ascoli 8 4 1989-90 Ascoli 24 6 1990-91 Ascoli (II) 37 22 1991-92 Torino 23 6 1992-93 Torino 24 4 Caté Marcos Antonio Lemes Tozze Born in Cruz Alta 7.11.1973 Forward 1992 São Paulo 3 - 1993 São Paulo 6 2 1994 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 6 - 1995 São Paulo - - 1996 Universidád Católica de Chile (Chi) 12 2 1997 Universidád Católica de Chile (Chi) 15 4 1998 Universidád Católica de Chile (Chi) - - 1998-99 Sampdoria 15 1 1999-00 Sampdoria (II) 2 - 2000 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro (Toninho) Cerezo Antonio Carlos Cerezo Born in Belo Horizonte 21.4.1955 As player Midfield 1973-74 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1975 Nacional Manaus 1976-86 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1983-84 Roma 30 6 1984-85 Roma 22 3 1985-86 Roma 18 4 1986-87 Sampdoria Genova 28 3 1987-88 Sampdoria Genova 28 3 1988-89 Sampdoria Genova 29 2 1989-90 Sampdoria Genova 21 2 1990-91 Sampdoria Genova 12 3 1991-92 Sampdoria Genova 27 1 1992 São Paulo 1993 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1994 Necaxa (Mexico) 1995 Jundiai Lousano Paulista (III) aug 95 São Paulo As coach 1999 Vitoria Bahia Cinesinho Sidney Cunha Born in Rio Grande 28.6.1935 Midfield Palmeiras São Paulo 1962-63 Modena 20 3 1963-64 Modena 30 3 1964-65 Catania 29 2 1965-66 Juventus 31 4 1966-67 Juventus 31 1 1967-68 Juventus 23 3 1968-69 Lane Rossi Vicenza 24 4 1969-70 Lane Rossi Vicenza 24 1 1970-71 Lane Rossi Vicenza 30 5 1971-72 Lane Rossi Vicenza 12 - Clerici Sergio Clerici Born in São Paulo 25.5.1941 Height: 1,75 m Weight: 74 kg Forward Portuguesa São Paulo 1960-61 Lecco 10 2 1961-62 Lecco 20 1 1962-63 Lecco (II) 28 5 1963-64 Lecco (II) 37 10 1964-65 Lecco (II) 37 20 1965-66 Lecco (II) 38 17 1966-67 Lecco 31 4 1967-68 Bologna 22 4 1968-69 Atalanta Bergamo 26 9 1969-70 Verona 25 8 1970-71 Verona 29 10 1971-72 Fiorentina 28 10 1972-73 Fiorentina 24 10 1973-74 Napoli 28 15 1974-75 Napoli 29 14 1975-76 Bologna 28 8 1976-77 Bologna 25 7 1977-78 Lazio 11 1 Total in Serie A 336 103 First match in serie A: 22-01-1961: Bologna-Lecco 0-0 First goal in serie A: 29-01-1961: Lecco-Lazio 2-1 Colella Leonardo Colella Born in São Paulo 13.9.1930 Centerforward Corinthians São Paulo 1955-56 Juventus 21 7 Cribari I (Binho) Fabio Eduardo Cribari Born in Cambara 8.4.1975 Defender 1995-96 Londrina (II) 1997-98 Empoli 9 - 1998-99 Empoli 21 - 1999-00 Empoli (II) Cribari II Sanchez Emilson Cribari Born in Cambara 6.3.1980 Defender 1996-97 Londrina (II) 1998-99 Empoli - - 1999-00 Empoli (II) Curti Davide Curti Born in São Paulo 28.7.1918 Forward Juventus São Paulo 1947-48 Genoa 5 - Da Costa Dino da Costa Born in Rio de Janeiro 1.8.1931 Midfield (1 cap and 1 goal in Italy National Team; 1 cap in Italy B Team) 1948-55 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1955-56 Roma 34 12 1956-57 Roma 33 22 1957-58 Roma 33 19 1958-59 Roma 27 15 1959-60 Roma 17 2 1960-61 Fiorentina 30 8 1961-62 Roma 5 1 nov 61 Atalanta Bergamo 19 6 1962-63 Atalanta Bergamo 33 12 1963-64 Juventus 12 3 1964-65 Juventus 31 6 1965-66 Juventus 8 2 1966-67 Verona (II) 31 5 1967-68 Ascoli (III) 10 0 Total in Serie A 282 108 First match in serie A: 18-09-1955: Roma-Vicenza 4-1 First match in the italian national team: 15-01-1958: Northern Ireland-Italy 2-1 First goal in serie A: 18-09-1955: Roma-Vicenza 4-1 First goal in the italian national team: 15-01-1958: Northern Ireland-Italy 2-1 Da Purifição Forward 1982-83 Terranova (V) 1983-84 Terranova (V) Da Silva José Ricardo Da Silva Born in Fortaleza 11.9.1939 Forward Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1962-63 Sampdoria 28 13 1963-64 Sampdoria 25 9 1964-65 Sampdoria 24 7 1965-66 Roma 12 3 1966-67 Lane Rossi Vicenza 12 4 1967-68 Lane Rossi Vicenza - - nov 67 Mantova 2 - Da Silva Jorge Alessandro Da Silva (son of José Ricardo Da Silva) Born in Genova 11.6.1970 Defender 1988-89 Entella Chiavari (V) 1990-91 Rapallo (V) 18 1 1991-92 Rapallo (V) 21 - 1992-93 Rapallo (V) 21 - 1993-94 Rapallo (V) 17 1 1994-95 Rapallo (V) 19 - De Andrade Born in 1963 Midfield 1989-90 Colorno (V) De Matos Marcus de Matos Born in 1957 Midfield 1983-84 Giorgione Castelfranco Veneto (V) 1986-87 Sandonà (V) De Mecenas Francisco De Mecenas Born in Rio de Janeiro 29.1.1946 As player Midfield 1966-67 Ascoli (III) 27 8 1967-68 Ascoli (III) 25 3 1968-69 Ascoli (III) 7 2 nov 68 Lecce (III) 18 4 1969-70 Lecce (III) 18 1 1971-72 Pistoiese (IV) As coach 1980-81 Pescia (V) De Sangro Antonio de Sangro Born 4.2.1965 Forward 1989-90 Rotaliana (V) 25 4 1990-91 Montebelluna (V) 23 2 De Souza Carlos César De Souza Born in Ribeirão Preto 6.9.1938 Midfield Comercial Ribeirão Preto 1962-63 Spal Ferrara 19 - 1963-64 Spal Ferrara 7 - De Vianna Pedro de Vianna Born 8.1.1972 Defender 1996-97 Fiumicino (V) 15 - 1997-98 Fiumicino (V) 14 - Del Vaste Lucas del Vaste Forward 1984-85 Vigevano (V) 1985-86 Vigevano (V) Del Vecchio Emanuele Del Vecchio Born in São Vicente 24.9.1934 Died in São Vicente 9.10.1995 Centerforward Santos 1957-58 Verona 27 13 1958-59 Napoli 25 13 1959-60 Napoli 27 10 1960-61 Napoli 16 4 1961-62 Padova 21 8 1962-63 Padova (II) 4 - november 62 Milan 9 3 Dida Nélson de Jesus Silva Born in Irará 7.10.1973 Goalkeeper 1992-93 Vitória Bahia 1994-98 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1998-99 Lugano (Switzerland) (II) 1999 Corinthians São Paulo 2000-01 Milan Dido Carlos Feresín Born in Sorocaba 16.7.1928 Centerforward Guarani Campinas 1955-56 Spal Ferrara 24 3 1956-57 Spal Ferrara 24 1 Diogenes Diogenes Fernando Ribeiro Born 23.11.1969 Forward 1991-92 Thiene (V) 13 - Dirceu José Guimarães Dirceu Born in Curitiba 15.6.1952 Died in Rio de Janeiro 15.9.1995 Midfield 1968-71 Curitiba 1972-75 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1976-77 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 68 8 1977-78 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1978-79 América Ciudád de México (Mexico) 1979-80 Atlético Madrid (Spain) 24 14 1980-81 Atlético Madrid (Spain) 27 8 1981-82 Atlético Madrid (Spain) 31 4 1982-83 Verona 29 2 1983-84 Napoli 30 5 1984-85 Ascoli 27 5 1985-86 Como 25 2 1986-87 Avellino 23 6 1987 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1988 Miami (Usa) 1989 Bangu 1989-90 Ebolitana Eboli (V) 1990-91 Ebolitana Eboli (V) 30 9 1991-92 Sporting Benevento (V) 11 4 Doriva Dorival Guidoni Júnior Born in Mirasol 28.5.1972 Midfield 1991-92 Atlético Goianiense (amateurs) 1993 São Paulo 12 - 1994 São Paulo 15 - 1995 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 11 1 1996 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 24 - 1997 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 24 - 1997-98 Porto (Portugal) 13 1 1998-99 Porto (Portugal) 17 4 jan 99 Sampdoria 17 1 1999-00 Sampdoria (II) Dos Santos William dos Santos Born in 1973 Forward 1998-99 Crvena Zvezda Beograd (Yug) 1999-00 Potenza (V) Dunga Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri Born in Ijúi 31.10.1963 Midfield 1980-84 Internacional Porto Alegre 1985 Corinthians São Paulo 1986-87 Santos 1987 Vasco da Gama Rio de J. 17 1 1987-88 Pisa 23 2 1988-89 Fiorentina 30 3 1989-90 Fiorentina 28 - 1990-91 Fiorentina 31 1 1991-92 Fiorentina 33 4 1992-93 Fiorentina - - nov 92 Pescara 23 3 1993-94 Stuttgart (Germany) 28 4 1994-95 Stuttgart (Germany) 26 3 jun 95 Jubilo Iwata (Japan) 1996 Jubilo Iwata (Japan) 1997 Jubilo Iwata (Japan) 1998 Jubilo Iwata (Japan) 1999 Jubilo Iwata (Japan) 1999 Internacional Porto Alegre Edinho Edino Nazaret Filho Born in Rio de Janeiro 5.6.1955 As player Defender 1973-82 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1982-83 Udinese 30 7 1983-84 Udinese 29 4 1984-85 Udinese 26 5 1985-86 Udinese 30 3 1986-87 Udinese 23 3 1988-89 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro (total in Flu 358/54) 1989 Gremio Porto Alegre As coach 1993 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Edmar Edmar Bernardes dos Santos Born in Araxá 20.1.1960 Forward 1977-79 Brasilia 1980 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte may 80 Taubaté 1981 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1982 Gremio Porto Alegre 1983 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte aug 83 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1984 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1985 Guarani São Paulo 1986 Palmeiras São Paulo 1987 Palmeiras São Paulo sep 86 Corinthians São Paulo 1987 Corinthians São Paulo 1988 Corinthians São Paulo 1988-89 Pescara 28 4 1989-90 Pescara (II) 8 - 1990-91 Pescara (II) 18 2 Edmundo Edmundo Neto de Souza Alves Born in Rio de Janeiro 2.4.1971 Forward 1992 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 24 8 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 19 11 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 21 9 1995 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 13 4 1996 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 16 9 1997 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 27 29 jan 98 Fiorentina 9 4 1998-99 Fiorentina 28 8 1999 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 2000 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro Edson Edson Mendes dos Rios Born in São Paulo 17.7.1977 Defender 1997 Blumenau 1997-98 Genoa (II) 1 - Edu Carlos Eduardo Marangon Born in São Paulo 2.2.1963 Midfield 1984-88 Portuguesa São Paulo 1988-89 Torino 22 2 1989 (Mexico) jan 90 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990 Santos 1991 Palmeiras São Paulo 1992 Santos 1993 ANA Flugels (Japan) 1994 Yokohama Flügels (Japan) 1995 Nacional Montevideo (Uruguay) Eloi Francisco Chagas Eloia Born in Andradina 17.2.1955 Midfield 1975-77 Juventus São Paulo 1978-79 Portuguesa São Paulo 1980 Inter Limeira 1981 Santos 1982 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte mar 82 América 1983 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1983-84 Genoa 17 - 1984-85 Genoa (II) 17 - 1985 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1985-86 Porto (Portugal) 1986-87 Porto (Portugal) 1988-89 Boavista Oporto (Portugal) 21 4 1989-90 Boavista Oporto (Portugal) Emerson Emerson Pereira da Silva Born in São Paulo 21.8.1973 Forward 1993 São Paulo 2 - 1994 São Paulo - - 1995 Colo Colo Santiago (Chile) 7 - 1996 Colo Colo Santiago (Chile) 16 2 1997 Colo Colo Santiago (Chile) 15 1 1998 Colo Colo Santiago (Chile) oct 98 Perugia 2 - Eneas Eneas de Golviea de Camardo Born in São Paulo 18.3.1954 Died in São Paulo 27.12.1988 Forward 1971-80 Portuguesa São Paulo 1980-81 Bologna 20 3 1981-84 Palmeiras São Paulo Juventude São Paulo XV Piracicaba Desportiva Ferroviaria 1988 Central de Cotia (III) (player-manager) 7 Eriberto Eriberto da Conceição Silva Born in Rio Bonito 21.1.1979 Midfield 1997 Palmeiras São Paulo 6 - 1998-99 Bologna 19 1 1999-00 Bologna 14 1 Esquerdinha Albuquerque Glasner da Silva Born in Alxania Go 28.2.1980 Forward 1998 Joinville Santa Catarina 1998-99 Lecce (II) - - Evair Paulino Aparecido Evair Born in Ouro Fino or Crisolia 21.2.1965 Forward 1985 Guarani Campinas 21 13 1986 Guarani Campinas 32 24 1987 Guarani Campinas 1988 Guarani Campinas 22 18 1988-89 Atalanta Bergamo 25 10 1989-90 Atalanta Bergamo 19 5 1990-91 Atalanta Bergamo 32 10 1992 Palmeiras São Paulo 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 1995 Yokohama Flügels (Japan) 1996 Yokohama Flügels (Japan) Portuguesa São Paulo 1997 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1998 Palmeiras São Paulo 1999 Portuguesa São Paulo 2000 São Paulo Fábio Júnior Fábio Júnior Pereira Born in São Pedro do Avaí or Manhuaçu 22.11.1977 Forward 1994-96 Democrata MG (amateurs) 1997 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 5 - 1998 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 32 18 jan 99 Roma 7 3 1999-00 Roma 9 1 2000 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte Falção Paulo Roberto Falção Born in Xanxere 16.10.1953 As player Midfield 1966-80 Internacional Porto Alegre 1980-81 Roma 25 3 1981-82 Roma 24 6 1982-83 Roma 27 7 1983-84 Roma 27 5 1984-85 Roma 4 1 1985 São Paulo As coach aug.90-sep.91 Brazil National Team feb.-nov. 94 Japan National Team Faustinho Fausto Pinto da Silva Born in São Paulo 30.8.1937 Midfield Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) Sedan-Torcy (France) 1962-63 Palermo 8 1 1963-64 Palermo (II) - - 1964-65 Palermo (II) 6 1 Fernandez José Eduardo Bitar Fernandez Born 24.11.1967 Defender 1988-89 Pro Cisterna (V) Fernando José Ferdinando Puglia Born in São José do Rio Prado 23.1.1937 Centerforward Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 1961-62 Palermo 33 10 1962-63 Palermo 29 3 1963-64 Bari 11 2 1964-65 Bari (II) 24 2 Gaucho Toffoli Luis Carlos Toffoli Born in Porto Alegre 7.3.1964 Forward (Japan) Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1993-94 Lecce 5 - Gama Luciano Gama Born in Rio Claro 25.5.1973 Forward 1992 Guarani Campinas 1993 Aracatuba 1994 Olimpique Sancanta (III) 1995 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1996 Paulista Giuedai (II) nov 96 América Rio de Janeiro (II) 1997 Marilia (III) 1998-99 Teramo (IV) 23 4 Geovani Geovani Silva Born in Vitoria 6.4.1964 Midfield Desportiva Ferroviaria 1982-89 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1989-90 Bologna 27 2 1990-91 Karlsruhe (Germany) Germano José Germano De Sales Born in Conselheiro Peña 25.3.1942 Forward Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1962-63 Milan 2 2 nov 62 Genoa 12 2 Gerson (Caçapa) Gérson Candido de Paula Born in São Paulo 1.6.1967 Midfield 1986 Palmeiras São Paulo 27 2 1987 Palmeiras São Paulo 15 1 1988 Palmeiras São Paulo 20 - 1989 Palmeiras São Paulo - - 1989-90 Bari 33 1 1990-91 Bari 30 - 1991-92 Fenerbahçe Istanbul (Turkey) 26 9 1992-93 Fenerbahçe Istanbul (Turkey) 22 11 1993-94 Lecce 31 3 1994-95 Bari 34 2 1995-96 Bari 25 - 1999 Atlético Paranaense Gilberto Gilberto Melo da Silva Born in Rio de Janeiro 25.4.1976 Defender 1996 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 14 - 1997 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 15 - 1998 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 28 2 jan 99 Inter 2 - 1999 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 2000 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro Gonçalves Ramiro Gonçalves Born in 1958 Forward 1982-83 Sorso (V) Jair Jair da Costa Born in São Paulo 9.7.1940 Forward Portuguesa São Paulo 1962-63 Inter 27 10 1963-64 Inter 30 12 1964-65 Inter 19 10 1965-66 Inter 27 4 1966-67 Inter 15 3 1967-68 Roma 23 2 1968-69 Inter 22 3 1969-70 Inter 18 4 1970-71 Inter 23 6 1971-72 Inter 17 1 Santos João Paulo Sergio Luis Donizetti Born in Campinas 7.9.1964 Forward 1983-89 Guarani Campinas 1989-90 Bari 33 6 1990-91 Bari 29 12 1991-92 Bari 3 - 1992-93 Bari (II) 11 2 1993-94 Bari (II) 31 4 1994 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1995 Goias 1996 Corinthians São Paulo 1999 União São João Araras 2000 União São João Araras Jorginho Jorge Enrique Amaral de Castro Born in São Paulo 20.2.1980 Midfield 1997 Palmeiras São Paulo 1 - 1998 Palmeiras São Paulo - - 1998-99 PSV Eindhoven (Holland) 2 - feb 99 Udinese - - 1999-00 Udinese 3 - Juarez Juarez de Souza Teixeira Born in São Paulo 25.9.1973 Defender 1992 Portuguesa São Paulo 1993 Portuguesa São Paulo 1993-94 Yverdon (Switzerland) 18 - 1994-95 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 25 1 1995-96 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 19 - 1996-97 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 21 - 1997-98 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 33 2 1998-99 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 34 3 1999-00 Servette Genève (Switzerland) 9 - aug 99 Lecce 33 - Juary Jorge dos Santos Filho Born in Rio de Janeiro 16.6.1959 Forward 1976-79 Santos 1980 Universidád Aut. de Guadalajara (Mex) 1980-81 Avellino 12 5 1981-82 Avellino 22 8 1982-83 Inter 21 2 1983-84 Ascoli 27 5 1984-85 Cremonese 19 2 1985-86 Porto (Portugal) 1986-87 Porto (Portugal) 1987-88 Porto (Portugal) 2 - 1988-89 Boavista Oporto (Portugal) 1989 Santos Julinho Julio Botelho Born in São Paulo 5.8.1929 Forward Portuguesa São Paulo 1955-56 Fiorentina 31 6 1956-57 Fiorentina 30 9 1957-58 Fiorentina 28 7 Julio César Julio César da Silva Born in Baurú 8.3.1963 Defender 1979-86 Guarani 1986-87 Brest (France) 32 1 1987-88 Montpellier (France) 37 5 1988-89 Montpellier (France) 26 1 1989-90 Montpellier (France) 30 4 1990-91 Juventus 29 1 1991-92 Juventus 33 1 1992-93 Juventus 16 1 1993-94 Juventus 11 - 1994-95 Borussia Dortmund (Germany) 25 1 1995-96 Borussia Dortmund (Germany) 23 2 1996-97 Borussia Dortmund (Germany) 10 3 1997-98 Borussia Dortmund (Germany) 17 1 1998-99 Borussia Dortmund (Germany) 5 - 1999 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1999-00 Werder Bremen (Germany) Júnior Leovegildo Lins da Gama Born in João Pessoa 29.6.1954 Defender-Midfield Juventus (Brazil) 1972-84 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1984-85 Torino 26 7 1985-86 Torino 30 4 1986-87 Torino 30 1 1987-88 Pescara 28 3 1988-89 Pescara 34 3 1989 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990-91 Torino (only Mitropa Cup matches) Lazaroni Sebastião Lazaroni Barroso Born in Muriae 25.10.1950 As player São Cristovão Rio de Janeiro As coach 1984-86 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro Guarani Campinas 1986-88 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro Al Ahly (Saudi Arabia) 1988 Saudi Arabia National Team 1989-90 Brazil National Team 1990-91 Fiorentina 1991-92 Fiorentina (replaced) 1992-93 Bari (II) Deportivo Leon (Mexico) Al Hilal (Saudi Arabia) 1996-97 Fenerbahçe Istanbul (Turkey) Leandro Leandro André Martins Born in Porto Alegre 8.10.1971 Forward 1990-91 Internacional Porto Alegre 1991-93 Gremio Porto Alegre 1993-94 Tirsense Santo Tirso (Portugal) 1994-95 Académica Coimbra (Portugal) (II) 1995-96 Académica Coimbra (Portugal) (II) 1996-97 União Coimbra (Portugal) (III) 1997-98 Avellino (III) 5 - Leonardo Leonardo Nascimento de Araújo Born in Niterói 5.9.1969 Midfield 1987 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 18 - 1988 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 18 - 1989 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 16 - 1990 São Paulo 18 - 1991 São Paulo 22 1 1991-92 Valencia (Spain) 37 3 1992-93 Valencia (Spain) 34 3 1993 São Paulo 13 - 1994 Kashima Antlers (Japan) 9 7 1995 Kashima Antlers (Japan) 28 17 1996 Kashima Antlers (Japan) 12 6 1996-97 Paris Saint Germain (France) 32 7 1997-98 Paris Saint Germain (France) 2 - sep 97 Milan 27 3 1998-99 Milan 27 12 1999-00 Milan 19 4 Lima Francisco Govinho Lima Born in Manaus 17.4.1971 Midfield 1990-94 Feroviario (II) 1995 União São João Araras 6 - 1996-97 Gaziantepspor (Turkey) 30 1 1997-98 Gaziantepspor (Turkey) 28 2 1998-99 Zürich (Switzerland) 30 6 1999-00 Zürich (Switzerland) 2 1 jul 00 Lecce 32 1 Luis Silvio Luis Silvio Danuello Born in Julio Mesquita 28.1.1960 Forward Marilia 1980 Palmeiras São Paulo mar 80 Ponte Preta Campinas 1980-81 Pistoiese 6 - 1989 Maringá Luvanor Luvanor Donizete Borges Born in Pirajuba 15.2.1961 Midfield 1977-83 Goiás 1983-84 Catania 30 - 1984-85 Catania (II) 30 2 1985-86 Catania (II) 23 1 1989 Sporting Barranquilla (Columbia) 1990 Goiás 1991 Goiás Marcão Marcos Antonio Aparecido Cipriano Born in Andirá 7.4.1973 Forward 1991 Matsubara FC (amateurs) 15 8 1992 Wanderers Montevideo (Uruguay) - - 1993 Wanderers Montevideo (Uruguay) 12 9 1994 Toluca (Mexico) - - jul 94 Matsubara FC (III) 6 4 nov 94 Torino 4 - Marcio Santos Marcio Roberto dos Santos Born in São Paulo 15.9.1969 Defender 1988 Novorizontino 4 - 1989 Novorizontino 20 1 1990 Novorizontino 29 2 Internacional Porto Alegre 5 - 1991 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro - - 1992-93 Bordeaux (France) 36 2 1993-94 Bordeaux (France) 20 2 1994-95 Fiorentina 32 2 1995-96 Ajax Amsterdam (Holland) 7 - 1996-97 Ajax Amsterdam (Holland) 14 1 1997 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1998 São Paulo 1999 São Paulo 2000 Santos Marco Aurélio Marco Aurélio Cunha dos Santos Born in Rio de Janeiro 18.2.1967 Defender 1988 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 6 - 1989 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 17 - 1990 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 16 - 1990-91 União Madeira (Portugal) 36 1 1991-92 União Madeira (Portugal) 28 1 1992-93 União Madeira (Portugal) (II) 1993-94 União Madeira (Portugal) 30 1 1994-95 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 29 2 1995-96 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 31 1 1996-97 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 31 - 1997-98 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 28 - 1998-99 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 14 - jan 99 Vicenza 14 - 1999-00 Vicenza (II) Marcos Assunção Marcos dos Santos Assunção Born in Caieiras 25.7.1976 Midfield 1996 Santos 19 2 1997 Santos 14 1 1998 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 21 5 1999 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro - - 1999-00 Roma 20 1 Matuzalem Francelino Matuzalem da Silva Born in Natal 10.6.1980 Midfield 1997 Vitória de Bahia 1 - 1998 Vitória de Bahia 13 - 1999 Vitória de Bahia - - mar 99 Bellinzona (Switzerland) (III) - - 1999-00 Napoli (II) Mazinho Iomar do Nascimento Born in Santa Rita 8.4.1966 Defender-Midfield 1983 Santa Cruz 1984 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1985 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 6 1 1986 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 59 5 1987 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 63 2 1988 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 58 6 1989 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 39 1 1990 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro - - 1990-91 Lecce 34 2 1991-92 Fiorentina 21 - 1992 Palmeiras São Paulo 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 1994-95 Valencia (Spain) 31 - 1995-96 Valencia (Spain) 40 - 1996-97 Celta Vigo (Spain) 40 3 1997-98 Celta Vigo (Spain) 37 1 1998-99 Celta Vigo (Spain) 31 4 1999-00 Celta Vigo (Spain) Milton Luiz Milton de Souza Filho Born in Rio de Janeiro 11.11.1961 Midfield 1983-84 Serrano 1985-87 Nacional Manaus 1987 Apucarana jun 87 Coritiba 1988 Coritiba 1988-89 Como 34 4 1989-90 Como (II) 26 3 1990-91 Chiasso (Switzerland) 13 5 1991-92 Zürich (Switzerland) 22 3 1992-93 Zürich (Switzerland) 21 2 1993-94 Sion (Switzerland) 19 - 1994-95 Sion (Switzerland) 12 1 1995-96 Sankt Gallen (Switzerland) 32 3 1996-97 Sion (Switzerland) 30 1 1997-98 Sion (Switzerland) 29 3 Miranda Armando Miranda Born in São Paulo 12.12.1939 Forward Corinthians São Paulo 1962-63 Juventus 17 12 1963-64 Catania 10 1 Müller Luiz Antonio Correa da Costa Born in Campo Grande 31.1.1966 Forward 1984 São Paulo 1985 São Paulo 1986 São Paulo 1987 São Paulo 30 11 1987 São Paulo 1988 São Paulo 1988-89 Torino 31 11 1989-90 Torino (II) 27 11 1990-91 Torino 7 2 1992 São Paulo 1993 São Paulo 1994 São Paulo 1995 Kashima Antlers (Japan) jul 95 Palmeiras São Paulo 1996 Palmeiras São Paulo 1996-97 Perugia 6 - 1997 Santos 1999 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte Murolo Américo Murolo Born in São Paulo 28.4.1932 Midfield Linense 1955-56 Lane Rossi Vicenza 25 10 Napolitano José Luis Napolitano Born 18.4.1969 Forward 1992-93 Vadese 9 2 Nelsinho Luis Nelson Born in São Paulo 18.8.1939 Midfield Palmeiras São Paulo 1961-62 Mantova 4 - Nenê Claudio Olinto de Carvalho Born in Santos 1.2.1942 As player Forward-Midfield Santos 1963-64 Juventus 28 11 1964-65 Cagliari 26 5 1965-66 Cagliari 28 1 1966-67 Cagliari 32 4 1967-68 Cagliari 27 5 1968-69 Cagliari 30 1 1969-70 Cagliari 28 3 1970-71 Cagliari 30 1 1971-72 Cagliari 27 1 1972-73 Cagliari 28 1 1973-74 Cagliari 22 - 1974-75 Cagliari 20 1 1975-76 Cagliari 13 - As coach Juventus (youths) Orlando Orlando Pereira Born in Rio de Janeiro 22.1.1949 Died in Rio de Janeiro 5.9.1999 Defender 1971-72 Santos oct 73 Curitiba 1974-76 América Tio de Janieiro 1977-81 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1981-82 Udinese 29 - Paco Soares Francisco Ediván Soares de Souza Born in São Luis 14.12.1979 Forward 1997 Motagua (Honduras) 14 6 1997-98 Sampdoria 8 1 1998-99 Sampdoria - - aug 98 Empoli - - nov 98 Fidelis Andria (II) 6 - 1999-00 Carrarese (III) Paulo Pereira Paulo Antonio do Prado Pereira Born in Campinas 27.8.1965* Defender 1985-87 São Bento (amateurs) 1987-88 Monterrey (Mexico) 1988-89 Porto (Portugal) 18 1 1989-90 Porto (Portugal) 17 1 1990-91 Porto (Portugal) 28 7 1991-92 Porto (Portugal) 23 4 1992-93 Vitória Guimarães (Portugal) 19 2 1993-94 Porto (Portugal) 11 2 1994-95 Benfica Lisboa (Portugal) 13 2 1995-96 Benfica Lisboa (Portugal) 7 - 1996-97 Benfica Lisboa (Portugal) - - sep 96 Genoa (II) 33 1 1997-98 Genoa (II) 13 1 1998-99 Reggina (II) 8 - * = Twin brother of Silas Paulo Rogério Paulo Rogério Paranagua Gunyies Bprn 25.8.1975 Goalkeeper 1996-97 Rovigo (V) 12 - Paulo Sérgio Paulo Sérgio Silvestre do Nascimento Born in São Paulo 2.6.1969 Forward 1989 Corinthians São Paulo - - 1990 Novorizontino (II) aug 90 Corinthians São Paulo 10 2 1991 Corinthians São Paulo 17 2 1992 Corinthians São Paulo 18 2 1993-94 Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) 34 17 1994-95 Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) 28 9 1995-96 Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) 26 4 1996-67 Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) 33 17 1997-98 Roma 34 12 1998-99 Roma 30 12 1999-00 Bayern München (Germany) 28 13 Pedrinho Pedro Luis Vicençote Born in Santo André 22.10.1957 Defender-Midfield 1975-81 Palmeiras São Paulo 1982-83 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 1983-84 Catania 27 3 1984-85 Catania (II) 35 7 1985-86 Catania (II) 26 - Pelado Fernando Roberto Marquez da Silva Born in São Luis 14.10.1981 Forward 1997-98 Atlético Juventus (amateurs) 1998-99 Treviso (II) - - 1999-00 Treviso (II) Pinga André Luciano da Silva Born in Fortaleza 27.4.1981 Forward 1999 Atlético Juventus (amateurs) 1999-00 Torino 7 2 Pita Neivaldo Mozetti Born in São Paulo 28.1.1965 Midfield 1983-86 Santo André 1986-87 Vittorio Veneto (V) 21 4 1987-88 Trapani (IV) 20 5 1988-89 Vittorio Veneto (V) 21 6 1989-90 Avezzano (V) 20 3 1990-91 Avezzano (V) 23 5 1994-95 Paganica (V) 28 7 1995-96 Luco dei Marsi (V) 18 3 Reinaldo Reinaldo Rosa dos Santos Born in Belo Horizonte 1.7.1976 Forward 1993 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 9 1 1994 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 26 12 1994-95 Anderlecht Bruxelles (Belgium) - - 1995-96 Anderlecht Bruxelles (Belgium) 2 - 1996 Palmeiras São Paulo - - 1996-97 Verona 1 - 1996 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte Botafogo Rio de Janeiro Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte Bragantino Portuguesa São Paulo jul 99 Ponte Preta Renato (Gaucho) Renato Portaluppi Born in Guaporé 9.9.1962 Midfield-Forward Esportivo Bento Gonçalves 1980-86 Gremio Porto Alegre 1986-88 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1988-89 Roma 23 - 1989 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1991 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1991 Nissan (Japan) 10 1992 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1995 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1996 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro 1997 Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Reynaldo Reynaldo Santos de Fonseca Born 16.3.1966 Midfield 1988-89 Policassino (V) 1989-90 Policassino (V) 30 2 1990-91 Policassino (V) 28 3 1991-92 Policassino (V) 32 2 Roberto Carlos Roberto Carlos da Silva Born in Garça 10.4.1973 Defender 1990-92 União São João Araras (II) 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 20 1 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 24 2 1995 Palmeiras São Paulo - - 1995-96 Inter 30 6 1996-97 Real Madrid (Spain) 37 4 1997-98 Real Madrid (Spain) 35 4 1998-99 Real Madrid (Spain) 35 5 1999-00 Real Madrid (Spain) Rodrigo Rodrigo Vieira Born in 1975 Forward 1997-98 (Poland) 1998-99 Fortuna Düsseldorf (Germany) (II) 1999-00 Trento (V) Romeu Romeu Mendes Rodrigues Born 6.5.1974 Midfield 1999 Corinthians São Paulo 13 - 1999-00 Ravenna (II) Ronaldo Ronaldo Luis Nazário de Lima Born in Rio de Janeiro 22.9.1976 Forward 1992 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 1993 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 14 12 1994-95 PSV Eindhoven (Holland) 32 30 1995-96 PSV Eindhoven (Holland) 13 12 1996-97 Barcelona (Spain) 37 34 1997-98 Inter 32 25 1998-99 Inter 19 14 1999-00 Inter 7 3 Sani Dino Sani Born in São Paulo 23.5.1932 Midfield São Paulo Palmeiras São Paulo Boca Juniors Buenos Aires (Argentina) 1961-62 Milan 20 5 1962-63 Milan 23 6 1963-64 Milan 19 3 Santos Alfred de Jesus Santos Born in Bahia 2.1.1980 Forward 1996 São Paulo - - 1997 União Barbarense (amateurs) 7 9 1997-98 Salernitana (II) - - 1998-99 Salernitana - - 1999-00 Salernitana (II) Serginho Sérgio Cláudio dos Santos Defender-midfield 1992-93 Itaperuna (amateurs) 1994 Vitória de Bahia - - jun 94 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1 - 1995 Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte 13 1 1996 São Paulo 19 2 1997 São Paulo 19 - 1998 São Paulo 20 4 1999 São Paulo - - 1999-00 Milan 24 2 Siciliano Bruno Siciliano Born in Rio de Janeiro 19.1.1938 Centerforward Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1960-61 Juventus - - nov 60 Lane Rossi Vicenza 21 1 1961-62 Venezia 23 8 1962-63 Juventus 12 4 1963-64 Bari 22 1 1964-65 Bari (II) 23 4 Silas Paulo Silas do Prado Pereira Born in Campinas 27.8.1965* Midfield 1985 São Paulo 29 3 1986 São Paulo 13 4 1987 São Paulo 1988 São Paulo 1988-89 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 35 8 1989-90 Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) 12 3 1990 Central Español Montevideo (Uruguay) 2 3 oct 90 Cesena 26 3 1991-92 Sampdoria 31 3 Boca Juniors Buenos Aires (Arg) 1994 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro feb 95 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) apr 95 San Lorenzo de Almagro (Argentina) São Paulo 1998 Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan) 30 5 1999 Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan) 2000 Atlético Paranaense * = twin brother of Paulo Pereira Silva Forward 1988-89 Viareggio (V) Socrates Socrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira Born in Belem 19.2.1954 As player Midfield 1974-76 Botafogo Ribeirão Preto 1977-84 Corinthians São Paulo 1984-85 Fiorentina 25 6 1985 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1989 Santos As coach mar 96 LDU Quito (Ecuador) Sorio Wilson Sorio Born in Guaruyá 10.2.1939 Centerforward Jabaquará 1957-58 Spal Ferrara 9 1 1958-59 Spal Ferrara 21 5 Sormani Angelo Benedicto Miguel Sormani Born in Jaú 3.7.1939 As player Forward Santos 1961-62 Mantova 31 16 1962-63 Mantova 33 13 1963-64 Roma 25 6 1964-65 Sampdoria 30 2 1965-66 Milan 32 21 1966-67 Milan 18 4 1967-68 Milan 29 11 1968-69 Milan 29 4 1969-70 Milan 29 5 1970-71 Napoli 25 5 1971-72 Napoli 28 2 1972-73 Fiorentina 9 - 1973-74 Lane Rossi Vicenza 24 5 1974-75 Lane Rossi Vicenza 22 4 1975-76 Lane Rossi Vicenza (II) 11 3 As coach 1975-76 Lane Rossi Vicenza (II) (sub.) 1976-79 Napoli (youths) 1981-82 no club 1982-85 Napoli (youths) 1985-86 Roma (assistant coach) 1986-87 Roma (assistant coach) 1987-88 Roma (assistant coach) 1988-89 Roma (assistant coach) Tacio Caetano Cruz Queiroz Born in Valença 12.4.1980 Midfield 1997 Vitoria Bahia 1998 Vitoria Bahia 1998-99 Venezia - - 2000 Vitoria Bahia Taffarel Claudio André Mergen Taffarel Born in Santa Rosa 8.5.1966 Goalkeeper 1984-90 Internacional Porto Alegre 1990-91 Parma 34 - 1991-92 Parma 34 - 1992-93 Parma 6 - 1993-94 Reggiana Reggio Emilia 31 - 1994 1995 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1996 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1997 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1998 Atlético Mineiro Belo Horizonte 1998-99 Galatasaray Istanbul 32 - 1999-00 Galatasaray Istanbul Tita Milton Queiroz da Paixão Born in Rio de Janeiro 1.4.1958 Midfield 1977-83 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro apr 83 Gremio Porto Alegre 1984-85 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro jun 85 Internacional Porto Alegre 1986-87 Internacional Porto Alegre 1987-88 Bayer Leverkusen (West Germany) 21 10 1988-89 Pescara 25 9 1989-90 Pescara (II) 2 - 1996 León (Mexico) Tonio Antonio Ribeiro de Campos Born 27.11.1968 Forward 1989-90 Sandonà (V) 30 5 1990-91 Conegliano (V) 32 5 1991-92 Conegliano (V) 29 3 1992-93 Cittadella (V) 16 3 Tozzi Humberto Tozzi Barbosa Born in São Cristovão 4.2.1934 Midfield Palmeiras São Paulo 1956-57 Lazio 19 9 1957-58 Lazio 25 7 1958-59 Lazio 33 14 1959-60 Lazio 15 2 Tuta Tuta Moacir Bastos Born in São Paulo 20.6.1974 Forward 1994 Aracatuba (II) 1995 XX Novembro (II) 1996 Aracatuba (II) aug 96 Juventude São Paulo 2 - 1997 Portuguesa São Paulo 3 - 1998 Atlético Paranaense 36 19 oct 98 Venezia 18 3 1999 Vitoria Bahia 2000 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro Vágner Rogério Nuñes Vágner Born in Bauru 19.3.1973 Midfield Paulista São Paulo 1993 União São João Araras 13 - 1994 União São João Araras 20 3 1995 Santos 16 4 1996 Santos 17 1 1997 Santos - - 1997-98 Roma 11 - 1998 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro jul 99 São Paulo Vinicio Luis Vinicius de Menezes Born in Belo Horizonte 28.2.1932 Height: 1,80 m Weight: 78 kg As player Centerforward Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 1955-56 Napoli A 26 16 1956-57 Napoli A 34 18 1957-58 Napoli A 34 21 1958-59 Napoli A 28 7 1959-60 Napoli A 30 7 1960-61 Bologna A 30 11 1961-62 Bologna A 17 6 1962-63 Vicenza A 26 7 1963-64 Vicenza A 29 17 1964-65 Vicenza A 27 12 1965-66 Vicenza A 34 25 1966-67 Inter A 8 1 1967-68 Vicenza A 25 7 Total in Serie A 348 155 First match in serie A: 18-09-1955: Napoli-Torino 2-2 First goal in serie A: 18-09-1955: Napoli-Torino 2-2 As coach 1968-69 Internapoli (III) 1969-70 Brindisi (III) 1970-71 Ternana Terni (II) 1971-72 Brindisi (III) 1972-73 Brindisi (II) 1973-74 Napoli 1974-75 Napoli 1975-76 Napoli 1976-77 Lazio 1977-78 Lazio (replaced) 1978-79 Napoli 1979-80 Napoli 1980-81 Avellino 1981-82 Avellino (replaced) 1982-83 Pisa 1983-84 Pisa (sub./replaced) 1984-85 Udinese 1985-86 Udinese (replaced) 1986-87 Avellino 1987-88 Avellino (replaced) 1988-91 no club 1991-92 Juve Stabia Castellammare (IV) (sub.) Wanderley Born in 1965 Midfield 1989-90 Rovereto (V) Warley Warley Silva dos Santos Born in Brasilia 13.2.1978 Forward 1998 Atlético Paranaense 17 7 1999 São Paulo - - 1999-00 Udinese 15 3 Zago (Antonio Carlos) Antonio Carlos Zago Born in Presidente Prudente 18.5.1969 Defender 1990 São Paulo 21 1 1991 São Paulo 21 1 1992 São Paulo 22 2 1992-93 Albacete (Spain) 12 1 1993 Palmeiras São Paulo 18 1 1994 Palmeiras São Paulo 21 2 1995 Palmeiras São Paulo 20 1 1996 Kashiwa Reysol (Japan) 24 - 1997 Corinthians São Paulo 12 2 jan '98 Roma 12 - 1998-99 Roma 28 - 1999-00 Roma 27 2 Zé Elias José Elias Moedim Junior Born in São Paulo 25.9.1976 Defender 1993 Corinthians São Paulo 19 2 1994 Corinthians São Paulo 27 - 1995 Corinthians São Paulo 13 - 1996 Corinthians São Paulo 1 - 1996-67 Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) 23 - 1997-98 Inter 20 - 1998-99 Inter 13 - 1999-00 Bologna 19 - Zé Maria José Marcelo Ferreira Born in Oeiras 25.7.1973 Defender 1993 Sergipe (II) 1994 Ponte Preta Campinas (II) 1995 Portuguesa São Paulo 17 2 1996 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro - - 1996-97 Parma 25 1 1997-98 Parma 20 - 1998-99 Perugia 11 - 1999 Vasco da Gama Rio de Janeiro 2000 Palmeiras São Paulo Zico Arthur Antunes Coimbra Born in Quintino Bocaiúva (Rio de Janeiro) 3.3.1953 Midfield 1972 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1973 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1974 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1975 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1976 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1977 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1978 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1979 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1980 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 21 1981 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1982 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 21 1983 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro (tot. 635/476) 1983-84 Udinese 24 19 1984-85 Udinese 16 3 1985 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1986 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1987 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1988 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1989 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro 1990 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro (tot. 95/32) 1993 Kashima Antlers (Japan) 1994 Kashima Antlers (Japan)
List of Brazilian Players who won a Scudetto
NB: between square brackets number of played matches 1955/56 - Julinho Botelho [31] (Fiorentina) 1958/59 - José Altafini [31] (Milan) 1961/62 - José Altafini [33] (Milan) 1962/63 - Jair da Costa [27] (Internazionale) 1964/65 - Jair da Costa [19] (Internazionale) 1965/66 - Jair da Costa [27] (Internazionale) 1966/67 - Chinesinho [31] (Juventus) 1967/68 - Sormani [29] (Milan) 1968/69 - Amarildo [25] (Fiorentina) 1970/71 - Jair da Costa [23] (Internazionale) 1972/73 - José Altafini [23] (Juventus) 1974/75 - José Altafini [20] (Juventus) 1982/83 - Falcão [27] (Roma) 1989/90 - Alemão [27] (Napoli) Careca [22] (Napoli) 1990/91 - Toninho Cerezo [12] (Sampdoria) 1998/99 - Leonardo [27] (Milan) 2000/01 - Aldair [15] (Roma) Antonio Carlos [28] (Roma) Cafu [31] (Roma) Emerson [13] (Roma) Marcos Assunção [12] (Roma)
About this document
With thanks to Roberto Di Maggio (dimrob@libero.it), Marcos Antonio Henriques Pinheiro and Rafael Aguiar de Campos (rafaelguiar@aol.com)
Prepared and maintained by Davide Rota for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Davide Rota (davide_rota@hotmail.com)
Last updated: 5 Nov 2005 | ||||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 0 | https://www.transfermarkt.us/edinho/profil/spieler/27363 | en | Edinho - Player profile | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 90 | https://arynews.tv/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | en | Pele’s gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | 2023-05-18T10:43:43+00:00 | Six months after the death of the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public on Monday. | en | //arynews.tv/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/favicon.png | ARY NEWS | https://arynews.tv/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | It is a final resting place fit for ‘The King’: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Watch ARY News live on live.arynews.tv
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed ‘O Rei’ – The King – whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
Football great Pele is now an adjective
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometre (0.6 miles) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 86 | https://fbref.com/en/squads/84d9701c/2011/roster/Fluminense-Roster-Details | en | 2011 Fluminense Roster Details, All Competitions | http://cdn.ssref.net/scripts/image_resize.cgi?min=200&url=https://cdn.ssref.net/req/202407291/tlogo/fb/84d9701c.png | http://cdn.ssref.net/scripts/image_resize.cgi?min=200&url=https://cdn.ssref.net/req/202407291/tlogo/fb/84d9701c.png | [
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FBref.com launched (June 13, 2018) with domestic league coverage for England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and United States. Since then we have been steadily expanding our coverage to include domestic leagues from over 40 countries as well as domestic cup, super cup and youth leagues from top European countries. We have also added coverage for major international cups such as the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores.
FBref is the most complete sources for women's football data on the internet. This includes the entire history of the FIFA Women's World Cup as well as recent domestic league seasons from nine countries, including advanced stats like xG for most of those nine.
In collaboration with Opta, we are including advanced analytical data such as xG, xA, progressive passing, duels and more for over twenty competitions. For more information on the expected goals model and which competitions have advanced data, see our xG explainer. | |||
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Soccer club
Fluminense Football Club (Brazilian Portuguese: [flumiˈnẽsi futʃiˈbɔw ˈklubi]) is a Brazilian sports club based in neighbourhood of Laranjeiras, in Rio de Janeiro, being the oldest football club in the state since its foundation in 1902. Competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first tier of Brazilian football, and the Campeonato Carioca, the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The word "fluminense" is the gentilic given to people born in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil.
Fluminense have been crowned national champions four times, most recently in the 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A; the team have also won the 2007 Copa do Brasil and the 1952 Copa Rio. In 1949, Fluminense became the only football club in the world to receive the Olympic Cup, awarded annually by the International Olympic Committee to an institution or association with a record of merit and integrity in actively developing the Olympic Movement. Its best international performances are finishing champions of the 2023 Copa Libertadores, and reaching the 2008 Copa Libertadores finals.[2]
Fluminense's traditional home kit consists of an iconic combination of three colors: burgundy, white, and green, disposed in vertical stripes, since its adoption in 1904. White shorts and white socks, an outfit which has been in use since 1920, complement the home kit for O Tricolor.
The club holds several long-standing rivalries with other clubs, most notably with Flamengo (Clássico Fla-Flu), Botafogo (Clássico Vovô) and Vasco da Gama (Clássico dos Gigantes). The Clássico Fla-Flu in particular is widely considered one of the greatest football derbies in Brazil and South America, having eventually set the world record for the highest attendance in a match between football clubs (over 200,000 spectators in the stadium of Maracanã).
The club is the birthplace of the Brazil national football team, which played its first game amidst the club’s 12th anniversary celebrations. In Fluminense's ground, the Estádio de Laranjeiras, the “Canarinhos” held their first match, scored their first goal and lifted their first trophy. To this day, the club has contributed the fifth-most players to the national team among all Brazilian clubs.[3]
History
[edit]
Fluminense Football Club was founded on 21 July 1902, in the neighbourhood of Laranjeiras, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, by a group of young football enthusiasts led by Oscar Cox, an English citizen born in Brazil, who had come into contact with the sport whilst studying in Europe, and Cox was subsequently elected as the first president.[4] Therefore, it was the first football club to be founded in the city, whose most popular sport at the time was rowing.[5]
The first official match was played against now defunct Rio Football Club, and Fluminense won 8–0.[2] The club's first title came in 1906, when Fluminense won the state championship (Campeonato Carioca).[2]
In 1911, disagreement between Fluminense players led to the formation of Flamengo's football team.[2] The so-called Fla-Flu derby is considered one of the biggest in the history of Brazilian football.[6] Three years later, in Fluminense's stadium, the Brazil national football team debuted, against touring English club Exeter City.[2] It was also there that they won their debut title, in 1919.[7]
By 1922, Fluminense had 4,000 members, a stadium for 25,000 people, and facilities that impressed clubs in Europe.[8]
Construction of Maracanã
[edit]
The 1950 World Cup strengthened football in the country, and as a result, the country's biggest teams, which basically only competed in state tournaments, began to measure their strength in tournaments and matches against teams from other states. To hold the competition, the Maracanã was built, the largest stadium in the world at that time, and which became the main stadium for Fluminense's games.[9]
In the context of the World Cup held in the country in 1950, CBD, accompanied by FIFA and IFAB, decided to hold a competition that pitted the champion clubs from the main FIFA-affiliated countries against each other, thus creating the International Champions Club Tournament, better known as Copa Rio. The competition brought together the Champion clubs from countries in South America (Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) and Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Yugoslavia), its first edition was in 1951, being won by Palmeiras.[10]
In 1951, Fluminense won the Carioca championship, which meant that the team qualified for the 1952 Copa Rio. The team had great players who represented the Brazilian team, such as Carlos Castilho, Píndaro, Pinheiro, Didi, Orlando Pingo de Ouro and Telê Santana.
In the first phase of the competition, the teams were divided into two groups, the first played their matches at Maracanã, and the second played their matches at Pacaembu, Fluminense was in the first group and faced Grasshopper (Switzerland), Sporting Lisboa (Portugal) and Peñarol (Uruguay), and qualified in first place. In the semi final they beat Austria Wien (Austria), and in the final they defeated Corinthians.
From the 1950s, with the creation of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament, the forerunner of what eventually would become the national championship, Fluminense established itself regionally by winning the tournament title in 1957 and 1960.[2]
National Achievements
[edit]
From the 1960s onwards, the first national championships were played in Brazil, so that the country could send representatives to the Copa Libertadores. Fluminense's first national title came in 1970; At that time, Brazil had the best players in world football, and they all played for Brazilian clubs. Its squad was among the main candidates of the season in Brazil, Fluminense won the Brazilian Championship overcoming other major opponents of the season in Santos, Palmeiras and Cruzeiro.
In the 1970s, Fluminense signed several famous players such as Carlos Alberto Torres, Dirceu, Gil, Narciso Doval, Pintinho and Roberto Rivellino. This team, called "Tricolor Machine", won the state championship in 1975 and 1976. In the national championship, Fluminense lost in the semifinals to Internacional in 1975 and Corinthians in 1976.
Fluminense became Brazilian champions again in 1984, playing in the final against Rio rivals Vasco da Gama. During the decade, they also won three state championships in a row, in 1983, 1984 and 1985, defeating their main rival Flamengo, in the final of the first two. These titles were won by great players such as Branco, Delei, Edinho, Ricardo Gomes, Romerito and the “Casal Vinte”: Assis and Washington.
At the end of the 1980s, Copa do Brasil was created, inspired by the Cup tournaments played in European countries. Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil for the first time in 1992, but lost to Internacional in a penalty shootout, in a controversial match in Porto Alegre.
A disastrous campaign led to Fluminense's relegation from Brasileirão Série A in 1996. However, a set of off-field political manoeuvres not performed by the club allowed them to remain in Brazil's top domestic league,[11] only to be relegated the next year.[12] Completely out of control, the club was relegated from Série B to Série C in 1998.[13] In 1999, Fluminense won the Série C championship and were to be promoted to Série B when they were invited to take part in Copa João Havelange,[14] a championship that replaced the traditional Série A in 2000. In 2001, it was decided that all clubs which took part in Copa João Havelange's so-called Blue Group should be kept in Série A.[15]
2000s: Copa do Brasil title, first Libertadores final
[edit]
Fluminense had good campaigns in the 2000, 2001, and 2002 Serie A, finishing in the top four each of these times. Fluminense's first title of the 21st century was the 2002 Campeonato Carioca. In 2005, Fluminense won the Campeonato Caroica and the Taca Rio, and finished fifth in the Brasileirao. Later that year, they reached the final of the Copa do Brasil again, but lost to Serie B club Paulista 2–0, marking one of the few times that a Serie B club won the Copa do Brasil.
In 2007, Fluminense won the Copa do Brasil beating Figueirense in the final, and was admitted to the Copa Libertadores again after 23 years.[2][16][17] In the 2007 Serie A, the club finished fourth, and Thiago Neves won the Golden Ball for the league's best player.[17]
The club's 2008 Copa Libertadores campaign saw them reach the finals and included a remarkable 6–0 victory against Arsenal de Sarandí in the group stage,[18] winning both games against Colombian club Atlético Nacional in R16, a comeback against São Paulo in the QF,[19] and disposing of defending champions Boca Juniors in the SF with a 3–1 victory.[20] Fluminense eventually finished runner-up, losing the finals to LDU Quito on penalties after a 5–5 draw on aggregate, despite a hat-trick from Thiago Neves in the second leg.[21] Fluminense had already faced LDU in the group stage, winning 1-0 and drawing 0-0. The club finished fourteenth in the Serie A that season, and only finished one point away from relegation, but curiously still qualifying for the following years Copa Sudamericana.
After signing 27 players and going through 5 different managers in 2009, Fluminense found themselves struggling to avoid another relegation from Série A.[22] With less than one-third of the championship left, the mathematical probability of the club's relegation was 98%.[23] At this point, manager Cuca decided to dispense with some of the more experienced players and gave Fluminense's youngsters a chance.[24][17] That, along with Fred's recovery from a serious injury and substantial support from the fans, allowed not only a sensational escape from relegation with five matches remaining, but also placed Fluminense in the Copa Sudamericana finals, having eliminated rivals Flamengo.[25][26] For the second year in a row, the club contested a continental cup. In a repeat of the previous year's Copa Libertadores, Fluminense lost the finals to LDU Quito.[27]
2010s: Two-time Brazilian championship
[edit]
For 2010, manager Muricy Ramalho replaced Cuca. His first task was in the 2010 Copa do Brasil quarter-finals against Gremio, where Flumiense were eliminated 5–3 on aggregate. However, this elimination was not considered a "failure", in part because with this elimination the club was not participating in any other competitions and could fully focus on the Brasileirao.[17] Eventually, the elimination helped the club, and that year, with Ramalho's effective defensive block conceding the least amount of goals in the league, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship for the third time in their history after 26 years, securing it with a 1–0 victory at home to already relegated Guarani.[17] It was also the fourth title for coach Ramalho in a decade: Ramalho had won the title three times in a row with São Paulo from 2006 to 2008. Darío Conca was named the Brazilian Championship's Player of the Season, playing all 38 league matches,[17] while Fred, Washington, and Deco were decisive players in Fluminense's title-winning campaign.
For the 2011 season, the new manager was Abel Braga, who led the team to a third-placed finish in the Serie A and qualification for the following year's Copa Libertadores, despite being eliminated in the round of 16 of the aforementioned competition by Club Libertad. The club decided to keep coach Abel Braga for 2012, and made big investments for the squad, bringing back Thiago Neves and signing youngster Wellington Nem.[17] On 13 May 2012, Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca, beating Rio rivals Botafogo 5–1 on aggregate for their first title of the 2012 season. In the Copa Libertadores, Fluminense was eliminated in the quarter-finals by powerhouse Boca Juniors, losing 2–1 on aggregate.[28] Later that year, on 11 November, they won their fourth Brazilian championship after defeating near-relegated Palmeiras 3–2, with three matchdays left.[29][30] Striker Fred was also the competition's top scorer, with 20 goals, and received the CBF Best Player award.[31] Goalkeeper Diego Cavalieri had a phenomenal season and won the Bola de Prata as the league's best goalkeeper, and Abel Braga was chosen as best coach.[32]
In 2013, the team was eliminated in the Copa Libertadores quarter finals again, this time to Olimpia. In the Serie A, the team began poorly, losing six of their first nine matches, which caused the sacking of coach Abel Braga.[33] Seven undefeated matches in September steered the club away from relegation, but an eight-match winless run put the club back into the relegation fight, mainly due to the absences of stars Deco, Fred, Thiago Neves, Carlinhos and Wellington Nem, and in December 2013, a 2–1 victory away to Bahia in the last round of the 2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A had Fluminense mathematically relegated to Série B. However, rule-breaking lineups by Portuguesa and Fluminense's main rivals Flamengo in their matches against Grêmio and Cruzeiro respectively caused Portuguesa and Flamengo to lose 4 points after a trial in STJD (Brazil's governing football jury). The points lost by Flamengo and Portuguesa allowed Fluminense to stay in Série A, with Portuguesa being relegated and Flamengo ending the championship as the lowest-ranked non-relegated club.
In 2014, Fluminense brought back club idol Conca among other signings such as Walter and Cícero. Coupled with Fred's and Carlinhos’ recoveries from injury, Fluminense spent the majority of the 2014 Série A in the top five and fighting for one of the berths at the 2015 Copa Libertadores, ultimately failing to reach its goal after an unstable final stretch and finishing 6th. In December, Fluminense ended its partnership with its main sponsor, Unimed. For fifteen years, the health insurance company was the main investor in signing players, especially after the team won the 2007 Copa do Brasil, bringing to the club athletes such as Darío Conca, Deco, Diego Cavalieri, Fred, Rafael Sóbis, Thiago Neves and Washington. From 2015 onwards, Fluminense underwent a remodeling, with the departure of some of its main players. The club's youth categories became fundamental for its maintenance in the first division in the following years, and the sale of young players became the club's main source of income.[34]
In 2019, the club hired Fernando Diniz, a young coach with innovative ideas within Brazilian football, but political conflicts within the club and a technically limited team caused the coach to be fired, with the team in the relegation zone, the team managed to escape relegation and reorganize. The following year the team brings back Fred, one of the greatest idols in the club's history, and in the 2020 season the team manages to qualify for the Copa Libertadores, with coach Odair Hellmann, but he leaves the team to coach Al Wasl, from the UAE.
2020s: Copa Libertadores title and FIFA Club World Cup finalist
[edit]
The team returns to compete in the Copa Libertadores after eight years out of the competition, and with consistent campaigns in the Brazilian championship it manages to secure places in the competitions in consecutive editions of the Libertadores. However, after Odair's departure, the club has difficulty maintaining a coach, with Marcão, Roger Machado and Abel Braga taking over the position. In 2022, after winning the Campeonato Carioca against rivals Flu, their first trophy in a decade, with Argentine striker Germán Cano being the star of the team, and being eliminated from the Libertadores, Abel Braga retires from his coaching career, and Fluminense decides to give Fernando Diniz another chance.
In 2022, Fluminense achieves its best place in the Brazilian Championship in the last ten years, a third place, with an offensive team that is noted for its fluidity and ball possession, and the team qualifies for the group stage of the 2023 Copa Libertadores. In the beginning of the season, the football played by the team is considered by many to be the best in South America, and the team reaches the Campeonato Carioca finals against Flamengo; in the first match the red-black team wins 2–0, but in the second game Fluminense achieved a 4–1 victory, winning the Campeonato Carioca for a second year in a row against its main rival, and Diniz clinching his first trophy with the club.[35] In the 2023 Libertadores, Fluminense falls into group D, along with River Plate (Argentina), The Strongest (Bolivia) and Sporting Cristal (Peru), despite being considered one of the most difficult groups in the edition, Fluminense ranks first, inflicting the biggest defeat in River Plate's history in the competition, 5–1 at Maracanã. In the final stage of the dispute, the opponents were Argentinos Juniors, Olimpia (Paraguay) and Internacional, the team defeated all opponents without suffering any defeat.
Flu's home stadium, Maracanã, was previously chosen to be the stage for the final; on the other side the opponent would be Boca Juniors, who sought to become champions of the competition for the seventh time, and with this become the greatest champion of the competition, tied to Independiente. In the final, striker Germán Cano opened the scoring for Fluminense, but Peruvian right-back Luis Advíncula tied the match for Boca; the match then went into extra time, when youngster John Kennedy, coming from the youth team, came off the bench and scored the team's second goal. The match ended 2–1 for Fluminense, who lifted the Copa Libertadores trophy for the first time. The Copa Libertadores win would send Fluminense to play in the FIFA Club World Cup semi final, where they would beat Egyptian club Al Ahly SC 2-0, but would lose 4-0 in the Final match against English club Manchester City F.C..
Season statistics
[edit]
Fluminense have taken part in 57 of the 68 official Serie A championships organized in Brazil since 1959.[36]
Taça Brasil
[edit]
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants 1959 - 16 1964 - 22 1960 3º 17 1965 - 22 1961 - 18 1966 4º 22 1962 - 18 1967 - 21 1963 - 20 1968 - 23
Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Tournament
[edit]
Year Position Participants 1967 13º 15 1968 12º 17 1969 9º 17 1970 1º 17
Brazilian Championship
[edit]
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants 1971 16º 20 1981 11º 44 1972 14º 26 1982 5º 44 1973 23º 40 1983 18º 44 1974 24º 40 1984 1º 41 1975 3º 42 1985 22º 44 1976 4º 54 1986 6º 48 1977 26º 62 1987 7º 16 1978 22º 74 1988 3º 24 1979 52º 94 1989 15º 22 1980 11º 44 1990 15º 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants 1991 4º 20 2001 3º 28 1992 14º 20 2002 4º 26 1993 28º 32 2003 19º 24 1994 15º 24 2004 9º 24 1995 4º 24 2005 5º 22 1996 23º 24 2006 15º 20 1997 25º 26 2007 4º 20 1998 19º (Série B) 24 2008 14º 20 1999 1º (Série C) 36 2009 16º 20 2000 3º 25 2010 1º 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants 2011 3º 20 2018 12º 20 2012 1º 20 2019 14º 20 2013 15º 20 2020 5º 20 2014 6º 20 2021 7º 20 2015 13º 20 2022 3º 20 2016 13º 20 2023 7º 20 2017 14º 20
Records
[edit]
Highest attendances – Maracanã
[edit]
According to the RSSSF, these were the highest attendances in Fluminense matches:[37]
1. Fluminense 0-0 Flamengo (1963): 194,603[a]
2. Fluminense 3–2 Flamengo (1969): 171,599
3. Fluminense 1–0 Botafogo (1971): 160,000
4. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo (1976): 155,116
5. Fluminense 1–0 Flamengo (1984): 153,520
6. Fluminense 1–1 Corinthians (1976): 146,043
Highest average attendance at public competition for Fluminense
[edit]
Largest average attendance in the Copa Libertadores (RJ): 59,759 (54,912 paying, 2023)
Largest average attendance in the Copa Sudamericana (RJ): 29,357 (27,318 paying, 2009)
Largest average attendance in international tournaments (RJ): 48,797 (37,541 paying, Copa Rio, 1952)
Largest average attendance in national championships (RJ): 43,541 paying (1976)
Largest average attendance in the Tournament Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (RJ): 40,408 paying (1970)
Largest average attendance in the Brazil Cup (RJ): 27,123 paying (2007)
Largest average attendance in the Rio-São Paulo Tournament (RJ): 33,018 paying (1960)
Largest average attendance in the state championship: 47,814 paying (1969, all stages)
Largest average attendance in the state championship in the Maracanã Stadium: 93,560 paying (1969, 10 matches)
Supporters
[edit]
The supporters of Fluminense Football Club are usually related to the upper classes of Rio de Janeiro.[38] However, the popularity of the club reaches beyond the city limits. Recent polls have estimated the number of supporters to be between 1.3% and 3.7% of the Brazilian population, and between the 11th and 15th most popular club in the nation, falling behind Rio rivals Vasco, but slightly above Botafogo.[39] Considering a population of 203 million people,[40] that would account for numbers between 2.6 and 7.5 million. According to the club's official website, Flu has over 5 million supporters worldwide.[41]
The best attendance ever observed in a Fluminense match was registered on 15 December 1963 in a derby against Flamengo. On that day, an impressive number of 194,603 people showed up at Maracanã stadium.[42] This occasion remains as the stadium's record for a match between clubs.[43]
Notable supporters of Fluminense include composers Cartola and Chico Buarque,[44][45] musicians Elis Regina, Ivan Lins, Pixinguinha, Renato Russo and Tom Jobim,[46] actors Breno Mello, Chico Díaz, Dalton Vigh, Hugo Carvana, and Thiago Fragoso, and actresses Deborah Secco, Fernanda Torres, Leticia Spiller and Sheron Menezzes, poet Mário Lago,[47] journalist and songwriter Nelson Motta,[48] dramatist, journalist and writer Nelson Rodrigues,[48] modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer, FIFA president of honor João Havelange,[6] 1970 FIFA World Cup winners Gérson and Carlos Alberto Torres, Chelsea central defender Thiago Silva, Left-back legend Marcelo, racing driver Cacá Bueno, sailors Maertine Grael and Torben Grael, former Minister of Culture Gilberto Gil, inventor and aeronaut Santos Dumont, Silvio Santos, the owner of SBT, the second largest Brazilian television network,[49] and the Academy Award nominee Fernanda Montenegro.[50]
Honours
[edit]
Type Competition Titles Seasons Continental Copa Libertadores 1 2023 Recopa Sudamericana 1 2024 International Copa Rio International 1 1952 National Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 4 1970, 1984, 2010, 2012 Copa do Brasil 1 2007 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C 1 1999 Inter-state Taça Ioduran 1 1919 Torneio Rio–São Paulo 2* 1957, 1960 Primeira Liga 1 2016 State Campeonato Carioca 33 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012, 2022, 2023
(*) In 1940 the competition was interrupted with Fluminense and Flamengo in the lead, without the CBD making the title official, however, the clubs and newspapers at the time considered the result definitive and declared the Fluminense and Flamengo as the legitimate champions of the competition.[51][52] The club currently considers itself champion of the competition and includes this title among its achievements.[53]
Others
[edit]
Olympic Cup (1): 1949
Carioca Champion of the 20th Century: 1906–2000
Copa Rio (1): 1998
Taça Guanabara (12): 1966, 1969, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1993, 2012, 2017, 2022, 2023
Taça Rio (4): 1990, 2005, 2018, 2020
Torneio Municipal (2): 1938, 1948
Torneio Extra (1): 1941
Torneio Aberto (1): 1935
Torneio Início (9): 1916, 1924, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1954, 1956, 1965
Other Campeonato Carioca rounds (6): 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1980, 2012
Capital Championship (1): 1994
Taça Eficiência (14): 1935, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1969, 1970, 1976, 1984
Taça Disciplina (7): 1946, 1948, 1956, 1958, 1963, 1972, 1977
Chronology of main titles
[edit]
Competition Season N.º Carioca Championship 1906 1º Carioca Championship 1907 2º Carioca Championship 1908 3º Carioca Championship 1909 4º Carioca Championship 1911 5º Carioca Championship 1917 6º Carioca Championship 1918 7º Carioca Championship 1919 8º Taça Ioduran 1919 9º Carioca Championship 1924 10º Carioca Championship 1936 11º Carioca Championship 1937 12º Carioca Championship 1938 13º Carioca Championship 1940 14º Carioca Championship 1941 15º Carioca Championship 1946 16º Carioca Championship 1951 17º Rio Cup (International) 1952 18º Rio–São Paulo Tournament 1957 19º Carioca Championship 1959 20º Rio–São Paulo Tournament 1960 21º Carioca Championship 1964 22º Carioca Championship 1969 23º Brazilian Championship 1970 24º Carioca Championship 1971 25º Carioca Championship 1973 26º Carioca Championship 1975 27º Carioca Championship 1976 28º Carioca Championship 1980 29º Carioca Championship 1983 30º Brazilian Championship 1984 31º Carioca Championship 1984 32º Carioca Championship 1985 33º Carioca Championship 1995 34º Carioca Championship 2002 35º Carioca Championship 2005 36º Brazil Cup 2007 37º Brazilian Championship 2010 38º Carioca Championship 2012 39º Brazilian Championship 2012 40º First League (Brazil) 2016 41º Carioca Championship 2022 42º Carioca Championship 2023 43º Copa Libertadores 2023 44º Recopa Sudamericana 2024 45º
Source:[54]
Rivalries
[edit]
According to the fluzao.info site, the average paying public at the principal classicos of Fluminense played in the Estádio do Maracanã is 60,107 against Flamengo, 43,735 against Vasco da Gama, 34,359 against Botafogo, 25,127 against America and 22,527 against Bangu (1950-2010). These statistics could be about 20% higher, given the issues of the distribution of gratuities at Maracanã.[55]
Grandpa Derby
[edit]
Grandpa Derby or Grandfather Derby (Clássico Vovô), played with Botafogo. The name comes from being the two oldest practicing football clubs among the great clubs of Rio de Janeiro, and this is also the oldest derby in Brazil, because its first game was on October 22, 1905, friendly that Fluminense won by 6–0. Along with six other clubs, they were responsible for creating the Carioca Football Championship in 1906.
Fla-Flu
[edit]
Fla-Flu Derby, also called Derby of Crowds (Clássico das Multidões), played with Flamengo. It is considered by football experts and much of the sports media as one of the greatest classics in the world. According to writer Nelson Rodrigues, the derby was engendered by resentment. On the tricolor side, the fact that their starting players deserted and went to form Flamengo's football department, and on the red-black side, the fact that Fluminense still won the first match, circumstances that have been fundamental in generating the derby's mystique.[56][57]
Giants' Derby
[edit]
Giants' Derby (Clássico dos Gigantes), played with Vasco da Gama. The derby gets its name because of the "giant" matches that have been played between the two, these being the final for the 1984 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, which was won by Fluminense, and the 1985 Copa Libertadores, which had two draws, in addition to several decisions Carioca Championship: 1949, 1956, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1993, 1994 and 2003.
Corinthians vs. Fluminense, interstate derby
[edit]
The derby against Corinthians is perhaps the most representative among the various confrontations with big Brazilian clubs played by Fluminense, given the fact that these clubs often intersect at decisive moments in their seasons.[58]
Statistics
[edit]
This is a list of statistics and records of Fluminense.[59]
Players with most appearances
[edit]
Name Matches 1st Castilho 699 2nd Pinheiro 603 3rd Telê Santana 556 4th Altair 549 5th Escurinho 490 6th Rubens Galaxe 462 7th Denílson 433 8th Gum 414 9th Assis 424 10th Waldo 403
Top goalscorers
[edit]
Name Goals Years 1st Waldo 319 1954–61 2nd Fred 199 2009-16 / 2020-22 3rd Orlando Pingo de Ouro 184 1945-55 4th Hércules 165 1935–42 5th Telê Santana 164 1950–61 6th Henry Welfare 163 1913–23 7th Russo 149 1933–44 8th Preguinho 128 1925–39 9th Washington César 124 1983–89 10th Magno Alves 121 1998–2002 / 2015-2016
Coaches with most games
[edit]
Name Matches 1st Zezé Moreira 467 2nd Abel Braga 354 3rd Ondino Viera 300 4th Renato Gaúcho 202 5th Fernando Diniz 183 6th Tim 166 7th Nelsinho Rosa 156 8th Carlos Alberto Parreira 146 9th Sylvio Pirillo 138 10th Luís Vinhaes 137
Correct as of October 4, 2023
Companies that Fluminense Football Club has had sponsorship deals with include:
Sports Equipment
[edit]
Years Kit manufacturer 1976–1980 Adidas
Rainha
1981–1985 Le Coq Sportif 1985–1994 Penalty 1994–1996 Reebok 1996–2015 Adidas 2016–2017 Dryworld 2017–2019 Under Armour 2020– Umbro
Years Sponsor(s) 1984 Mondaine
Banco Nacional
Kodak
1985 SulAmérica Seguros 1986 Heart Line 1987 1001 Turismo 1987–1994 Coca-Cola 1995 Ame o Rio 1995–1996 Hyundai
SporTV
1997 SporTV 1997–1998 SporTV
Oceânica Seguros
MTV Brasil
1999 Sonrisal
MTV Brasil
1999–2014 Unimed[60] 2015–2017 Viton 44 2017 Universal Orlando Resort[61] 2018 Valle Express[62] 2021–2024 Betano[63] 2024– Superbet[64]
Stadiums
[edit]
Laranjeiras Stadium
[edit]
The Manoel Schwartz Stadium is better known as the Laranjeiras Stadium, or also the Álvaro Chaves Street Stadium, due to the name of the street where its main entrance is located. It was the place where the Rio team played its games for decades, however, for security reasons, due to the high demand for attendance at its games, it no longer does so, currently playing at Maracanã.[65]
Flu's first match at the Laranjeiras Stadium was the 4–1 victory over Vila Isabel, in the 1919 Carioca Championship, with the Tricolor goals having been scored by Harry Welfare (3) and Machado. Opened in 1919 with a capacity for 18,000 people and having had its capacity expanded to 25,000 people since 1922, in some games this stadium had estimated audiences greater than its capacity.[66]
The record for paying audiences was in the Fluminense 3-1 Flamengo match, on June 14, 1925, when 25,718 spectators paid for tickets, although today the audience for Fluminense's match against Sporting, held on July 15, is unknown. 1928, in the Vulcain Cup dispute, with the stadium full and over 2,000 chairs being placed on the athletics track to accommodate the public present.
Currently, Fluminense does not play its games at its stadium, at the club's option, as it would no longer have the security conditions and capacity to host large events, and is currently only used for training, small commemorative events, social and educational projects, games of the women's football team and the youth teams.[67] The last time an official match for Fluminense's main team took place at Laranjeiras Stadium was in 2003, where Flu drew 3–3 with Americano, in the Carioca Championship.[68]
The renovation of the stadium has been a long-standing demand of the club, however a series of problems make this difficult, such as technical issues linked to the historical preservation of the building, the small area for the construction of a modern stadium and the opposition of the surrounding residents. The current project, at a more advanced stage, foresees a revitalization of Laranjeiras, with the stadium remaining with a small audience capacity, being able to host lower demand games, such as the first phases of the state championship and women's football.[69]
Maracanã Stadium
[edit]
Since its construction for the 1950 World Cup, the Maracanã has primarily served as the home ground for the four biggest Rio de Janeiro clubs.[70] The stadium was officially completed in 1965, 17 years after construction began. In 1963, more than 194,000 people attended a match between Flamengo and Fluminense at the Maracanã, Rio Championship final.[71]
At the stadium, Fluminense won some of the most important titles, such as the 1952 Copa Rio, for many the most important in its history, it won its first Brazilian Championship in 1970, the Tricolor Machine was twice champion of Carioca (1975–76), led by Roberto Rivellino, it was Brazilian champion over its rival Vasco da Gama, in 1984, was three-time Rio champion against Flamengo (1983–85), he was Carioca champion in 1995 with Renato Gaúcho's belly goal, against Romário's Flamengo (at the time named FIFA World Player of the Year). In this century he won the 2007 Brazil's Cup and the 2023 Copa Libertadores.[72]
Following its 50th anniversary and aiming to hold the 2000 FIFA Club World Cup in Brazil, the stadium underwent renovations which would increase its full capacity to around 103,000. After years of planning and nine months of closure between 2005 and 2006, the stadium was reopened in January 2007 with an all-seated capacity of 87,000. For the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics, a major expedition project was started in 2010. The original stand, with a two-level configuration, was demolished, making way for a new single-level stand, and the stadium had its capacity reduced to 78,838 seats.[70]
From 2013 onwards, the stadium was managed by the Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht. Corruption scandals, the high rents charged by the company and the abandonment of the stadium, meant that Flamengo and Fluminense came together to manage it.[73] Although clubs have kept the stadium in good condition since 2016 and covered its maintenance costs, it was only in 2019 that the government canceled contracts with Odebrecht. Flamengo and Fluminense then created a joint company, "Fla-Flu S.A." opened especially to manage Maracanã and its entire sports complex.[70]
Players
[edit]
Current squad
[edit]
As of 3 August 2024[74]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Reserve team
[edit]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Out on loan
[edit]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Staff
[edit]
Current staff
[edit]
As of 13 August 2024
Position Name Nationality Head coach Mano Menezes Brazilian Assistant coaches Wagner Bertelli Brazilian Eduardo Barros Brazilian Marcão Brazilian Cadu Antunes Brazilian Technical assistant Marco Salgado Brazilian Fitness coaches Marcos Seixas Brazilian Flávio Vignoli Brazilian Igor Cotrim Brazilian Goalkeeper coach coordinator Flavio Tenius Brazilian Goalkeeper coaches André Carvalho Brazilian Josmiro de Góes Brazilian
Head coaches
[edit]
See also
[edit]
2008 Fluminense Football Club season
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit] | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 69 | https://www.ibtimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil-3693383 | en | Pele's Gilded, Turf-lined Tomb Opens To Public In Brazil | [
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"Rodrigo ALMONACID"
] | 2023-05-15T18:15:18-04:00 | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | en | International Business Times | https://www.ibtimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil-3693383 | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 84 | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/brazil-takes-concessions-roadshow-to-europe1 | en | Brazil takes concessions roadshow to Europe | [
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] | null | [] | null | Ports minister Edinho Araújo signs cooperation agreement with Portugal. | en | BNamericas.com | https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/brazil-takes-concessions-roadshow-to-europe1 | 39,000+ global companies doing business in the region.
Analysis, reports, news and interviews about your industry in English, Spanish and Portuguese. | |||||
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 91 | https://blackbraziltoday.com/all-hail-the-king-pele-the-greatest-soccer-player-of-all-time-turns-80/ | en | All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80 | [
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"Marques Travae"
] | 2020-10-25T01:04:02+00:00 | All Hail the King of Soccer recently celebrated eight decades, but talking about Pelé offers a glipse of being a black man in Brazilian society. | en | Black Brazil Today | https://blackbraziltoday.com/all-hail-the-king-pele-the-greatest-soccer-player-of-all-time-turns-80/ | Note from BBT: I can’t say with any certainty when I first heard the name Pelé, but I do know it was some time in the late 70s. As a child, I was an avid sports fan and prided myself on being a walking sports encyclopedia. I could remember birthdates, points per game averages, batting averages and rushing yards of players in the three most popular American sports as well as any sports journalist. To keep up with stats, teams and players, I always asked my parents to buy me sports books and I remember having at least two subscriptions to Sports Illustrated magazine.
I had many favorite sports heroes, but my favorite player was the legendary Julius Erving, better known as Dr. J, the high-flying forward of the Philadelphia 76ers. The first book I remember reading in my life was about Dr.J, and like any black kid growing up in the ‘hood, I wanted to be like The Doctor. I played all three of the big three most popular team sports in the United States, basketball, football and baseball, and when I wasn’t playing, I was glued in front of the television watching the games, both professional and college. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
I also watched boxing matches and was aware of other sports such as soccer, hockey, volleyball, bowling, etc. I reguarly went bowling or watched my father’s weekly bowling events, but sports such as soccer and volleyball I would only play when I was required to participate during my school’s gym classes. I only knew one black family that advidly watched hockey and soccer just didn’t interest me.
Even not being into soccer, I still knew who Pelé was. He was the first Brazilian I ever knew of. At such a young age, I hadn’t come to understand how black people ended up in so many countries in the Americas but you didn’t have to know where they were from to recognize that non-American black people looked like people in the family and my neighborhood. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
As soccer wasn’t a sport that caught my attention, I didn’t know anything about Pelé when he began to play for the North American Soccer League with the New York Cosmos, but I couldn’t help but note all of the hoopla there was in the media about his arrival in the US. Pelé would appear on the cover of an issue of Sports Illustrated at that time wearing the green and white of the Cosmos. From the reports I read about him, he was supposed to be like Dr. J of soccer. As I had only seen photos of him and had never actually seen him play, I couldn’t develop an opinion on this.
There were at least five things that Dr. J and Pelé had in common and, if I were to really think about it, I would probably find many more. One was playing for teams located in New York. Dr.J had constructed his image as one the most exciting basketball players in history playing for the New York Nets of the old American Basketball Association, the ABA, the rival league of the NBA, the National Basketball Association. Erving’s last year with the Nets was also the ABA’s last year, the league folding in 1976 due to financial issues. Erving was in his prime at the age of 27 when he would join the 76ers for the 1976-77 season. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
On the other hand, Pelé, at age 34, had joined the Cosmos in the twilight of his career. I didn’t know it, but the man whose real name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento had already won three World Cup titles, an incredible feat for a single player. The second thing they shared was, similar to Erving joining the NBA in Philly, Pelé arrived in New York with high expectations from fans and the league. Thinking back, another thing the two had in common, at least for me, was the fact that I had missed the best years of both. Although both athletes were still great, by the time Erving had joined the NBA and Pelé had joined the NASL, I had no way of knowing their prior careers. In Doc’s case, ABA games didn’t gain television exposure and Pelé played his career up to that point in Brazil, plus soccer wasn’t very popular in the US. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
Erving had carried the declining ABA for many years and, as the ABA hadn’t received much media attention, people really hadn’t seen vintage Erving and, with his arrival, it was expected that he would not only bring a championship to Philly, but also revitalize a league whose popularity had declined in the years before he joined the 76ers. Similarly, it was hoped that Pelé could do the same for an NASL that simply couldn’t compete with the big three American sports.
This hope that Pelé could make soccer more popular in the US was matched by his salary. Joining the league in 1975, Pelé signed a deal that would pay him nearly $1.5 million per year, a staggering amount of money at the time. For the sake of comparison, consider the fact that Erving didn’t reach the seven-figure mark until sometime in the early to mid-1980s. It’s absolutely mind-boggling to realize that a current athlete like LeBron James earns Pelé’s 1975 salary, which was extremely lucrative for the time, in less than four NBA games! (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
Another similarity The Doctor and The King shared was joining star-studded teams. Erving would join a 76ers team that already had higher-scoring all-stars such as fellow ABA collegue, power forward George McGinnis, guard Doug Collins and a host of other players players who had the potential to be all-stars. Pelé’s Cosmos also featured the Italian Giorgio Chinaglia and the West German Franz Beckenbauer. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
After playing a few seasons for the Cosmos, Pelé officially ended his career in 1977. It would only be when I “discovered” Brazil at the close of the 20th century that I began to understand the magnitude of Pelé’s career. He was nicknamed “O Rei”, “The King” of soccer, and at one point or another, EVERY major soccer star, Brazilian or not, would be compared to the great in the same way that a debate rages today over the possibility of anyone unseating Michael Jordan as the “GOAT” (greatest of all-time) in basketball. Coincidentally, Pelé called it quits in 1977, a few weeks before reaching the age of 37, while Erving, 10 years younger, would retire 10 years later, also at the age of 37.
As it was the question of race and the history of black Brazilians that attracted me to Brazil in the first place, it would only be a matter of time before the race question in regards to Pelé would come up during my research. What I discovered was intriguing. While black Brazilians hailed him the one of the greatest, if not THE greatest of all-time, like Jordan, Pelé left much to be desired in terms of the race issue.
In my two decades of researching things of Brazil, I conclude that Pelé must also be THE most criticized figure in terms of racial politics. He has been criticized for his silence as well as the manner in which he has downplayed the issue for decades. Many have defined Pelé’s comments on race as truly embarrassing. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Nascimento constructed his image as a god on the field of futebol, but at a time when athletes such as Muhammad Ali, Jim Brown, Bill Russell, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, John Carlos and Tommy Smith were taking firm stances on race, society and sports, Pelé was missing in action. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
I remember sometime in the early 2000s having a conversation with a guy named Romeo that I used to work with in a retail store in Michigan. He was also black, but he clearly knew more about soccer than I did. As I had just begun my annual trips to Brazil at the time, we would frequently discuss things about the country. Speaking of Pelé, he remembered once seeing an interview with the soccer great in which a journalist asked him something about being black. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
According to Romeo, Pelé stopped the journalist, put up his index finger and said, “I am Brazilian!” I can’t confirm this statement, but considering Pelé’s non-positioning on the race factor for so many years, I could imagine him saying something like this. At that time, Brazil, was in the middle of a Military Dictatorship and not only had the country been divulging the myth that the country was a racial democracy, at one point, it could actually be considered illegal to speak out against racism. According to the wording of Law 5250/67 of 1967, speaking out on things related to race and class was a national security issue and considered a threat to the politcal and social order.
For years, I looked at Pelé as a disgrace as a black man for his silence on the clear existence of racial discrimination that had held black Brazilians in their “place” well after 350 years of slavery. A black man, arguably the most famous Brazilian in the world, had enormous influence on society and he could have used this fame and later fortune to become a voice that black Brazilians desparately needed. In the 1970s, 80s and beyond, it was very common for black Brazilians to deny even being black and believing that racism didn’t exist in their country.
There’s no way to know with any certainty how Pelé speaking out on these issues could have affected society, but I now have to see the icon as a simply a product of his time. I consider Pelé’s era, where he came from and where his position as a rich and famous black man placed him. It is a well-known fact that in Pelé’s time, black Brazilians simply didn’t speak on the race issue. Deep down, they knew it existed, but they were taught to deny it or ignore it. Unlike in the US, race wasn’t an issue that black Brazilian families would discuss at their dinner tables, and having been born in that era, in 1940, it would be unrealistic to expect that Pelé would do so.
This is yet another difference between the United States and Brazil that puts into question which society was/is better for black people. In the US, the militancy of black Americans had reached a fever pitch in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the rise of numerous exponents of civil rights and black power. There were organizations dedicated to racial equality, student groups, magazines, music featuring lyrics of protest against racism, films that approached the issue and numerous other areas of society in which people boldly spoke out. It was a time of black revolution.
In Brazil, it was a different story. The most prominent Afro-Brazilian activist of the time, Abdias do Nascimento, went into exile because of it. It was much easier for him to denounce racism in the United States than it was in his own country. To understand the lengths the Brazilian dictatorship would go to protect its image, it even censored Nascimento when he attempted to expose Brazilian racism during the 1977 Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) in Nigeria. In Brazil of the 1930s, black political parties were effectively prohibited during the first dictatorship and even by the 1970s, even with black people being excluded from so many areas of society, cultural groups such as Ilê Aiyê were advised not to adopt the name “Black Power”, and countless Afro-Brazilian activists were arrested and interrogated on suspicions that would create a similar black revolution in Brazil.
I’m not saying I excuse Pelé’s silence on this issue, but I do wonder how many people would have had the courage to do such a thing at the time. At that time in Brazil, anyone of Pelé stature’s would surely have had to blaze this trail alone. When Ali took a political stance at the height of his career, a number of black athletes stepped forward in support of his cause. I can’t say that at that time, Pelé would have received such support from other Afro-Brazilian athletes. Today, I think this would happen, but Afro-Brazilians have made enormous strides in terms of the race issue in the past few decades that simply wasn’t possible in Pelés time. From various videos and photos, we know that Pelé knew Ali and has to know of the things “The Champ” said in terms of the race issue. I have to wonder what Pelé thought of this in terms of his own politics. But Pelé isn’t a black American and he isn’t Ali.
Here was a black man who rose to a position that was nearly impossible for any black Brazilian. He was globally known, rich, was the pitchman for numerous products and was seen meeting various dignitaries around the world. Perhaps these are some of the very reasons that Pelé would not speak out. Like Michael Jordan, Pelé had the choice of having the world laid out at his doorstep or perhaps losing it all do a controversial political stance. If I were a betting man, I would wager that someone pulled Pelé to the side and had a talk with him about what he could say or do publicly. (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
Besides presumed pressure from Brazilian authorities authorities at the time, I also wonder what types of conversations Pelé had with the likes of American President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. CIA notes document a possible relationship between The King of Futebol and Kissinger and I find it hard to believe that their conversations were only about soccer, even as Kissinger was apparently a key figure in convincing Pelé to take his talents to the US. People don’t like to admit this, but fame and fortune come at a high price, a price that often compromises some of our most admirable public figures.
Was Pelé bought and paid for or was he simply not the man to lead a black Brazilian revolution? I think it’s a little of both. Would he be different if he had been born in the 1970s, 80s or 90s? Possibly, but he could have easily been like current star Neymar, another star with origins on the Santos soccer team who has been criticized for his lack of racial politics. As Pelé celebrates his 80th birthday, yesterday, October 23rd, one has to wonder how the man really thinks beneath the public facade. In recent years, due to a hip problem, The King has been seen getting around in a wheelchair and is rarely seen making public appearances.
Pelé’s fame and fortune hasn’t shielded him from public scrutiny. Not only has he earned criticism for his lack of posture on racial issues, but the legend’s public image has also taken a beating do to his failure to acknowledge a woman that everyone knew was his daughter as well as accusations that he wasn’t financially supporting his grandchildren. Interestingly, in terms of an illegitimate child, this is another thing he has in common with Erving, although with a different ending. For years it wasn’t publicly known that the NBA superstar had fathered a child through an extra-marital affair. But when this daughter, Alexandra Stevenson, became a famous tennis player, the cat was out of the bag. Fortunately, Erving finally did the right thing and began to form a bound with the daughter he didn’t know for decades. I can’t say the same for Pelé. Everyone wonders why.
In the end, as O Rei reaches his eighth decade, my view on the legend is a bit complex. He did great things in the soccer field that I would only see decades after he retired. These accolades would lead to his being named the World Player of the Century by FIFA and Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee and for the BBC, he was second only to Muhammad Ali. Incredible, unbelievable accomplishments for a poor black man from Minas Gerais.
But there are other things about The King that I would like to know and possibly never will. But this is also true about my own father. And similar to my father, in terms of Pelé, after many years, I’m cool with that.
All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80
Why do we celebrate so little the greatest player in the history of futebol? Talking about Pelé is also looking at the trajectory of a black man in Brazilian society
By Kamille Viola
He appears on all the lists of the best athletes of the 20th century. For many, he is the greatest of all time. He scored 1,281 goals in 21 years, was São Paulo’s top scorer for ten consecutive years and has more won more than 60 titles, among them, three-time World Cup champion for the Brazilian Seleção, the National Team. It is said that his talent with the ball was able to even stop a war. This Friday, October 23, Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pelé, turns 80 years old. Why are the tributes not at the height of the grandeur of his career?
For journalist Angélica Basthi, author of the book Pelé: uma estrela negra em campos verdes (Pelé: a black star on green fields), some factors contributed to the fact that a negative imaginary about him is so present in Brazilian society today. One of them was the rejection of Sandra, the result of a relationship she had in 1963. She fought in court to be recognized as his daughter, but she never managed to co-exist with her father, having died in 2006, at 42, of breast cancer. “Nobody could understand why Pelé took so long to recognize this daughter. And he also had another daughter outside of marriage, Flávia, whom he recognized. What was his great difficulty? Did you think the girl wanted to take him? But then, with so much evidence that she was his daughter, why did he refuse? This was very controversial and much discussed at the time. It was a mark on his trajectory,” she observes.
Another very controversial issue was the player’s refusal to talk about racial issues for much of his life. Angélica observes that, in recent years, he has been reviewing this posture, although “in his own way”: in 2014, when commenting on the racism suffered by the goalkeeper Aranha, during a game for Santos (the team that Pelé also played for), he said that if had he stopped every game in which someone called him “macaco” (monkey) or “crioulo” (nigger), all the games he played in would have to be stopped – admitting, for the first time, that he suffered racial discrimination. In June, he joined the demonstrations for the assassination of George Floyd, Blackout Tuesday, by posting a black square on Instagram. “This is also new in Pelé’s repertoire”, points out the journalist. “That image, in which he invested, of Pelé from the 70s, who never wanted to be linked to the racial issue, still remains”.
Professor at the Instituto Brasiliense de Direito Público (IDP) and doctoral student in Law at the University of Brasília (UnB), Marcos Queiroz believes that the little attention to date also has to do with an identity crisis that Brazil is experiencing. “This country has to rebuild itself. Even in relation to what is the nation’s greatest passion, futebol (football/soccer). This erasure in relation to Pelé’s 80 years is part of a Brazil that is looking to find itself, as samba great Candeia says. There is an economic and political crisis, but also, as [historian Luiz Antonio] Simas says, an epistemic crisis,” he reflects. “And, thinking about Pelé’s depression [in February, Edinho, the player’s son, said that Pelé was in recluse and “with some depression” due to his mobility problems], maybe he is depressed because Brazil is also depressed. The world that was built around Pelé and in which he lived does not exist anymore. And it will hardly come back to exist.”
The racism of Brazilian society also causes Pelé to be judged relentlessly for all his mistakes. “His figure is interesting to think about the racial issue because he brings together several factors, including the image in which he himself invested as a perfect man. The perfect white man is completely different from the perfect black man. The black man is demanded to be impeccable,” analyzes the journalist Angélica Basthi. “He embraced this idea of the perfect man. Only that he is a black man. So society, when looking at Pelé, looks at this black man. Where’s that perfection? People turn a blind eye to other players, but not to him. The judgment is relentless. And it is relentless with this racial content, yes: the perfect black man that Pelé should be and play: he cannot make mistakes, he must be this man who does not exist.”
Sports journalist Martha Esteves believes that the Brazilian’s little memory and Pelé’s seclusion, in addition to the issue with his daughter, contribute to the weak celebration around the player’s eight decades. “I think that the disease was a complicated fact for him. He’s very reclusive. And whoever is not seen, is not remembered, unfortunately. This must be contributing to him receiving few honors, which is unfortunate, right? Because he is and will always be the best in the world. Nobody will ever surpass him. Lionel Messi thinks that,” he says. “You are talking about a world idol, who was welcomed by the Queen of England, who stopped the war, who, if he were active today, in the world of social media, of exhibitionism, would be much more famous than the Beatles, for example. Or anyone who is alive today.”
She agrees that racism has also crossed the star’s entire career, influencing judgments about his mistakes. “When black people in futebol reach a level of wealth, of fame, they have a little acceptance, but up to page two. Because if you mess up, if you misbehave, then the beating comes. It comes with force,”he says. The sports journalist believes that even the case of Robinho, who had his contract with Santos suspended after pressure from society over the player’s conviction for rape, could have a different outcome if he were white. “Cristiano Ronaldo was also accused of rape. In order not to go to trial, he called the girl and gave her a lot of money. He’s been playing. It didn’t have the international, worldwide scream that it should have had. Because Cristiano Ronaldo is infinitely more famous, more powerful, richer and more of an ace than Robinho. But, even there in Portugal, there in Europe, it was not that way,”he compares.
Angélica sees similarities between the criticisms based on racist stereotypes that Pelé received in his youth and those that Neymar receives today. “And it has to do with the idea of that perfect black man as well as that childish black man, which is the way to infantilize black men to always put them in a place of inferiority. The black man, especially in futebol, is associated with childhood emotions, unpreparedness, lack of maturity and lack of responsibility. It is always childish emotion versus reason, which is within the civilized white man. Even the African continent itself suffers from this stereotype of the childish black man,” she explains.
The Paris Saint-Germain player, by the way, was also the target of criticism throughout his career for not taking a position on racial issues – until recently, when he denounced having been called a monkey by Olympique defender Álvaro González, and getting ejected from a game. “People make demands of him, people made demands of Pelé, and, above all, he becomes this reference target. But many times we end up focusing these discussions on a player who has his controversies, instead of having a structural discussion, of how futebol itself and the atmosphere around the sport impel these players to be embarrassed, they often didn’t speak of this, being afraid to take a position,”argues Marcos. “There is no support in the Brazilian media for this. There is not enough discussion about what racism means in the country, the history of futebol in relation to racism, how it was even an instrument of perpetuation of racial inequality in Brazil.”
He observes that, at the same time that Pelé was one of the symbols of the country that lived under the myth of racial democracy – the idea that blacks, indigenous people and whites lived integrated and in harmony -, it is necessary to understand the importance of the ace when opening paths for black people. “When he arrived at Vasco, they said that there were several black people just like him, so there was no need. He arrived at Santos and was called Gasolina (gasoline), Crioulo (nigger), that kind of thing. He, as an individual, was surviving, trying to find a place in that context in futebol that came from two recent World Cup traumas,” he says. “At the time, it was said that blacks were incapable, unstable, without discipline. So just playing soccer, getting that space, even if he has an individual trajectory in which he normally does not speak openly about it, has already opened many doors, streamlined many questions in relation to the place that blacks can occupy. Because maybe for us it is natural for the black man to play ball, but in the 1950s it was not.”
Marcos recalls that he was the pioneer of a line of players in which young blacks can see themselves. “He has this importance, not only for the Brazilian, but for the world. When he emerges as a futebol player, it is the moment, for example, of the struggle for independence of African countries, it is the moment of an immense discussion about racism in the United States, the aftermath of the struggle for civil rights, it’s the moment sports is desegregating in the United States. He represented a lot, as Moacyr Luz says, this power to be where you want,”he explains. “To travel, to be able to be in various places that were often considered inaccessible to the black population: Pelé did it. And I think that we lose a lot of dimension when we focus only on what was negative or controversial in his life.” (All Hail the King: Pelé, The Greatest soccer player of all-time, turns 80)
For Angélica Basthi, the projection that racial discussions have gained in the mainstream media in recent months may be the chance to reflect on the treatment given to Pelé in recent years by society and the press. “This is a very peculiar year, not only because of the pandemic, but because of everything that George Floyd’s death represented, in the United States and worldwide, and so many deaths here in Brazil. At this moment when we started to see some mobilization of the media for these racial issues, the challenge remains, in these 80 years, of the Brazilian press to make a self-reflection,”she says. “We must give Pelé his place in the history of futebol. We must also give him the place he has in the history of the black Brazilian. He is a black man who took unimaginable flights, who made several mistakes, who was one of the symbols of racial democracy, he is a black man who suffered racism, who silenced racism. We have a lot to learn about racism and the trajectory of black men in Brazilian society through Pelé.” | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 65 | https://vdoc.pub/documents/why-is-soccer-played-eleven-against-eleven-everything-you-need-to-know-about-soccer-2go9fs5sobf0 | en | Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven? : Everything You Need To Know About Soccer [PDF] [2go9fs5sobf0] | [
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Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 11
1. Where Did Soccer Begin?......Page 13
2. Who Wrote the First Rules of Soccer?......Page 19
3. Did the Goal Ever Have a Different Value?......Page 22
4. What Was the First “Official” Soccer Regulation?......Page 24
5. What Was the First “Official” Match?......Page 29
6. Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven?......Page 32
7. Why Do Soccer Matches Last 90 Minutes?......Page 36
8. When Were Goalkeepers Allowed to Use Their Hands?......Page 37
9. Who Was the First Referee?......Page 41
10. Which Is the Oldest Soccer Club?......Page 45
11. Why Do We Say “Score a Goal,” “Derby,” “League,” and “Hooligan?”......Page 47
12. What Was the First Match Played Outside of Great Britain?......Page 53
13. What Was the First International Match?......Page 55
14. What Was the First Official Soccer Tournament?......Page 57
15. What Was the Strangest Soccer Game Ever?......Page 60
16. How Were the Designs and Colors of the First T-Shirts Determined?......Page 61
17. Did a Team Ever Become Champion of a Tournament Without Playing a Single Game?......Page 64
18. What Was the First Time That a Team Included Two......Page 67
19. What Was the First Official Tournament for National......Page 69
20. What Was the Biggest Thrashing in an Official Premier Division Championship?......Page 71
21. Who Invented the Penalty Kick Shootout?......Page 76
22. Who Was the Oldest Player to Play in an Official Match?......Page 78
23. Which Team Is Considered the First Champion of the......Page 79
24. How Did the Round-Robin League System Come About in Soccer?......Page 81
25. Who Was the First Professional Soccer Player?......Page 83
26. What Is the Most Unusual Recruitment in the History of Soccer?......Page 86
27. Who Scored the First Own Goal in an Official Match?......Page 90
28. Who Was the First Goalkeeper to Score a Goal in an Official Match?......Page 92
29. Who Was the First Coach?......Page 95
30. Who Was the First Black Player to Play in an Official Match?......Page 97
31. Which Was the First Soccer Match Played Using Artificial Light?......Page 99
32. When Did the First Player Substitution in an......Page 101
33. Who Invented the Goal Net?......Page 103
34. Which Team Was the First to Be Relegated? And Which One Was the First to Be Promoted?......Page 105
35. Why Was the Penalty Kick Invented?......Page 107
36. What Was the Biggest Difference in Number of Players Between Two Teams in an Official Match?......Page 110
37. Was There Ever a Goalkeeper With Glasses?......Page 112
38. What Was the Longest Match?......Page 115
39. Who Was the First Professional Soccer Player to Cling to a Curious Superstition?......Page 117
40. Which Country Was the First to Become a “World Power” in Soccer?......Page 119
41. Who Were the Riskiest Players?......Page 121
42. Who Was the Biggest Professional Soccer Player in History?......Page 125
43. What Was the Shortest Official Tournament Ever?......Page 128
44. Can You Follow Your Favorite Team After Death?......Page 130
45. How Did the Copa America Begin?......Page 132
46. When Was the First Olympic Soccer Tournament Played?......Page 134
47. Who Was the First Goalkeeper to Wear Gloves?......Page 135
48. Which First Division Team Holds the Record for Playing With the Most Siblings?......Page 137
49. Who Invented the Red and Yellow Cards?......Page 139
50. Who Scored the First Goal of a South American Team Against a European Team?......Page 140
51. Which Official Competition Allowed Matches of 30-Minute Halves?......Page 142
52. Why Did the World Cup Start in 1930 and Not Before?......Page 144
53. Why Did Uruguay Organize the First World Cup?......Page 146
54. Who Was the Most Eccentric Goalkeeper in Soccer History?......Page 148
55. Who Was the First Team to Win Second and First Division Championships in Consecutive Seasons?......Page 150
56. Can a Referee Score a Goal?......Page 151
57. Who Was the First Player to Suffer Racist Attacks?......Page 153
58. What Was the First Game to Be Suspended Due to Fireworks?......Page 155
59. Has a Team Ever Won the League From a Country......Page 157
60. Can a Team Be a Champion of a Tournament for Which It Has Not Qualified?......Page 158
61. Which Was the First Rigged Match in History?......Page 160
62. Which Champion Waited the Longest to Receive His Trophy?......Page 163
63. What Was the Christmas Truce?......Page 165
64. Can a Referee Red-Card Himself?......Page 168
65. Has a Spectator Ever Been Invited to Play a Soccer Match Between National Teams?......Page 169
66. Did a Player Ever Expel a Referee?......Page 171
67. When Were Numbers on Soccer Jerseys First Used?......Page 172
68. What Is the “White Horse Final?”......Page 174
69. What Is the Most Heated Rivalry in the World?......Page 175
70. Did a Player Who Had Left the Field Ever Return to Play?......Page 177
71. What Was the Most Extraordinary Transfer in Soccer History?......Page 179
72. Can You Score a Goal Without Stepping on the Field?......Page 182
73. Who Invented the First Soccer Shoes?......Page 183
74. Who Developed the First Soccer Tactics?......Page 185
75. Which Match Had the Most Players Red-Carded?......Page 187
76. What Is the Highest Number of Goals Scored By a Team That Still Lost the Game?......Page 189
77. Which Player Scored the Most Goals in a Single Official Match?......Page 190
78. Who Is the Player to Score the Most Goals in an Entire Career?......Page 192
79. Which Professional Soccer Player Suffered the Most Relegations From the First Division?......Page 194
80. Who Was the Most Useless Scorer in an International Tournament?......Page 196
81. Has a Referee Ever Expelled a Line Judge?......Page 197
82. Which Is the Worst National Team in Soccer History?......Page 199
83. Can a Team Lose a Game Despite Having Scored More Goals Than Its Opponent?......Page 200
84. Can a Team Lose a Penalty Kick Shootout Without Missing a Shot?......Page 203
85. Who Invented the Penalty Kick With a Pass?......Page 204
86. Who Created the Substitutes’ Bench?......Page 206
87. Has Team Ever Played More Than One Official Match on the Same Day?......Page 207
88. When Was the Horizontal Post Added to the Goal?......Page 209
89. In Which Match Occurred the Most Suspensions Due to Bad Weather?......Page 211
90. How Did the Champions League Begin? . . . . . . . . . . . 211......Page 212
91. How Did the Copa Libertadores Begin?......Page 215
92. When Was a Whistle First Used to Referee a Match?......Page 217
93. When Did Soccer Players’ Cards First Appear?......Page 218
94. Which Goalkeeper Holds the Most Penalties in One Game?......Page 220
95. Was There Any Infallible Player in the Penalty Shootout?......Page 222
96. What Was the Biggest Comeback in an Official Competition?......Page 224
97. What Was the Most Evenly Matched Official League Tournament?......Page 228
98. What Was the Most Unusual Relegation and Which Team Was Saved in the Most Curious Way?......Page 229
99. Was There a Professional Soccer Player Who Played All Positions?......Page 231
100. Has a Tournament Ever Had More Than One Winner?......Page 233
Bibliography......Page 235 | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 93 | https://www.soccerzz.com/player/dondinho/387105 | en | Player Profile & Stats | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 85 | https://dokumen.pub/the-country-of-football-soccer-and-the-making-of-modern-brazil-9780520958258.html | en | The Country of Football: Soccer and the Making of Modern Brazil 9780520958258 | [
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Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Serious Play
1. A National Game: Futebol Made Popular, Professional, and Afro-Brazilian
2. When It was Good to be Brazilian: Tropical Modernity Affirmed, 1958–70
3. Playing Modern: Efficiency over Art, 1971–80
4. Risky Beauty: Art and the Opening of Brazil in the 1980s
5. The Business of Winning: Brand Brazil and the New Globalism, 1990–2010
Conclusion: Mega-Brazil
Notes
Works Cited
Index
Citation preview | |||||
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] | 2023-05-16T00:00:00 | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed burial chamber to the public Monday. Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest… | en | New Delhi Times | https://www.newdelhitimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed burial chamber to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” — The King — whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides, depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career.
Credit : Voice of America (VOA), Photo Credit : Associated Press (AP) | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 68 | https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/sports/2024/06/600_342650.html | en | Soccer star Pele, Brazilian legend of the beautiful game, dies at 82 | [
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] | null | [] | 2022-12-30T07:26:00+09:00 | Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82. | https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/images/koreatimes.ico?202004 | koreatimes | https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/sports/2024/08/600_342650.html | In this file photo taken on Oct. 16, 2015 Former Brazilian footballer Pele greets the crowd before the start of the Under-17 boys final match of the Subroto Cup in New Delhi. AFP-Yonhap
Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82.
Sao Paulo's Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment, said he died at 3:27 p.m. "due to multiple organ failures resulting from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition."
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
"Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today," it read, adding he had "enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love."
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil's dominance of the beautiful game.
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was "a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went."
Bolsonaro's successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that "few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did."
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele's legacy would live forever. "The game. The king. Eternity," Macron tweeted.
Brazilian soccer legend Pele reacts as he poses after a news conference to present the FIFA World Cup global "Trophy Tour" in Paris, France, March 10, 2014. Reuters-Yonhap
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumor removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele's ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the center of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a parade carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighborhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
Pele, whose given name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner's medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later ― even though he missed most of the tournament through injury ― and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents ― many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as player and corporate pitchman.
"I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele's country, a guy who was a great athlete," said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. "And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete."
A person walks past a collage on a wall depicting Brazilian soccer legend Pele and Argentine Diego Maradona, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Dec. 29. Reuters-Yonhap
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named "Athlete of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, co-"Football Player of the Century" by world soccer body FIFA, and a "national treasure" by Brazil's government.
His celebrity was often overwhelming. Grown adults broke down crying in his presence with regularity. As a player, souvenir-seeking fans often rushed the field following games and tore off his shorts, socks and even underwear.
His house in Brazil was less than a mile from a beach, but he didn't go there for some two decades because of fear of crowds.
Yet even in unguarded moments among friends, he rarely complained. He believed that his talent was a divine gift, and he spoke movingly about how soccer allowed him to travel the world, bring cheer to cancer patients and survivors of wars and famine, and provide for a family that, growing up, often did not know the source of their next meal.
"God gave me this ability for one reason: To make people happy," he said during a 2013 interview with Reuters. "No matter what I did, I tried not to forget that."
Brazil's CBF soccer federation said "Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time ... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil."
Kylian Mbappe, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
"The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten," he wrote on Twitter. "RIP KING." (Reuters) | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 46 | https://www.comc.com/Players/Soccer/E | en | Shop Soccer Cards by Player | https://www.comc.com/favicon.ico | https://www.comc.com/favicon.ico | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 11 | https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/edinho_3/carlos-simon/3/ | en | Edinho » Bilanz unter Referee Carlos Simon | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 72 | https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/football/pele-s-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil-4236794 | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-16T13:12:07+00:00 | He died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Nation | https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/football/pele-s-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil-4236794 | Santos, Brazil
It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 27 | https://the-unearthly.bandcamp.com/ | en | Unearthly - The Unearthly | [
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1. The Sin Offering
2. The Confidence of Faith
3. Eshu
4. The Unearthly
5. Agens Mortiis
6. Chant From The Unearthly Rites
7. Where The Sky Bleeds in Red
8. The Dove and The Crow
9. From The Womb To Reborn
10. The Fire Of Creation
11. Aisle To Everlasting
From the bowels of the jungle, Brazilian extreme metal horde, Unearthly, rise from the ashes of the third world to bring pestilence to the unsuspecting metal masses. A horrific fusion of black & death metal, Unearthly’s ferocity is accompanied by the indigenous flavors of their homeland inducing a blood boiling, havoc wreaking rampage throughout the album’s journey. Released in Brazil through Shinigami Records, Europe via Metal Age Productions, and America through All Dead, “The Unearthly” is eleven tracks of unmatched malice and contempt. Confrontational yet rhythmic, refined yet savage, Unearthly ravage with character as they position themselves among the elite of the extreme metal underground.
“The Unearthly is a natural born Metal classic, and UNEARTHLY is one of the most prominent and creative from Brasil.” :: The Metal-Temple.com
Members:
F. Eregion | Vocals, Guitars
Vinnie Tyr | Guitars
M. Mictian | Bass
B. Drummond | Drums
1. The Sin Offering
2. The Confidence of Faith
3. Eshu
4. The Unearthly
5. Agens Mortis
6. Chant from the Unearthly Rites
7. Where the Sky Bleeds in Red
8. The Dove and the Crow
9. From Womb to Reborn
10. The Fire of Creation
11. Aisle to Everything | en | Unearthly | https://the-unearthly.bandcamp.com/album/unearthly-the-unearthly | supported by 90 fans who also own “Unearthly - The Unearthly”
go to album
supported by 87 fans who also own “Unearthly - The Unearthly”
go to album
supported by 84 fans who also own “Unearthly - The Unearthly”
go to album | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 70 | https://www.newdelhitimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | en | Empowering Global Vision, Empathizing with India | [
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] | 2023-05-16T00:00:00 | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed burial chamber to the public Monday. Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest… | en | New Delhi Times | https://www.newdelhitimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed burial chamber to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” — The King — whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides, depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career.
Credit : Voice of America (VOA), Photo Credit : Associated Press (AP) | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 31 | https://wowlit.org/links/language-and-culture-resource-kits/portuguesebrazil-language-and-culture-kit/ | en | Brazil Language and Culture Kit • Worlds of Words | [
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] | null | [] | 2019-09-24T08:10:37+00:00 | Brazil/Portuguese Language and Culture Kit Along the River. Starkoff, Vanina, Ill. Springer, Jane, Translator. Groundwood Books 2017. ISBN: 9781554989775. This vibrant picture book from Brazil depicts the joy of the journey, showing in simple yet detailed illustrations the people you might meet along the way, the sights you might see and the food you might … | en | Worlds of Words | https://wowlit.org/links/language-and-culture-resource-kits/portuguesebrazil-language-and-culture-kit/ | Brazil/Portuguese Language and Culture Kit
Along the River. Starkoff, Vanina, Ill. Springer, Jane, Translator. Groundwood Books 2017. ISBN: 9781554989775.
This vibrant picture book from Brazil depicts the joy of the journey, showing in simple yet detailed illustrations the people you might meet along the way, the sights you might see and the food you might eat.
Amazon Boy. Lewin, Ted. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993. ISBN: 9780027573831.
Paulo and his father travel downriver on a small steamer, see fishermen selling their catch in the city’s harbor, and admire a huge filhote, endangered by overfishing. After wandering the market, they set out for home, the father commenting sadly on the thoughtless depredation of forest and river.
Amazon Rain Forest. Heinrichs, Ann. Benchmark Books, 2009. ISBN: 9780761439325.
Presents comprehensive information on the geography, history, wildlife, peoples, and environmental issues of the Amazon Rain Forest.
Amazonia: Indigenous Tales from Brazil. Munduruku, Daniel. Popov, Nikolai, Ill. Groundwood Books. 2013. ISBN: 9781554981854.
Amazonia is an extraordinary book of Brazilian folk tales that combines the authentic voice of Munduruku, an Indian who grew up in the Amazon rainforest. The stories are fascinating, and sometimes startling, as protagonists are killed off or transformed into animals, or rise up the heavens. More than just adventures, they offer a panorama of experience; conflict and death, love and seduction, greed and gluttony, hunting and fishing, cooking and caring for plants, and describe the origins of the natural world.
Asphalt Angels. Holtwijk, Ineke. Front Street, 1995. ISBN: 9781886910249.
This novel by a Dutch journalist graphically depicts life on the streets for a 13-year-old boy in Rio de Janeiro after his mother dies. Glue sniffing, stealing, prostitution, and panhandling are all part of the daily routine for Alex’s gang, called the Asphalt Angels, headed by a 19-year-old thief and his 16-year-old “wife,” and whose youngest member is a 10-year-old addict. The author based the novel on a boy she met in a shelter for street children in Rio. Alex is a sympathetic protagonist, living the roughest life a child could have. His greatest wish is for a mother and a bed.
Best Tailor in Pinbauê. Toledo, Eymard. Triangle Square, 2017. ISBN: 9781609808045.
Uncle Flores is the best tailor in the small river town of Pinbauê in Brazil. He used to make beautiful dresses and colorful costumes for the carnival, but nowadays he only makes gray uniforms for the factory workers. Edinho, his nephew, comes by every day after school to help cut and iron the cloth and listen to his uncle’s stories. The best ones begin with “Once upon a time….” But when the factory tells Uncle Flores they don’t need his uniforms anymore, Edinho comes up with an ingenious idea to get his uncle back to work and make everyone in town happier and brighter. Soon Uncle Flores’s house is the most popular one in town….
Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What do you See? Urso Castanho, Urso Castanho, O Que é Que Tu Vês? Martin, Bill, Jr. Carle, Eric, Ill. Mantra Lingua, 2010. ISBN: 9781844441594.
A big happy frog, a plump purple cat, a handsome blue horse, and a soft yellow duck all parade across the pages of this delightful book about colors. This edition is bilingual, Portuguese and English.
Capoeira. Ancona, George. Lee & Low Books, Inc., 2007. ISBN: 9781584302681.
Full-color photos and lively text introduce a sport that “combines dance, music, and acrobatics with fighting techniques.” Ancona explains the basics of the game before delving into its history, helping readers with no background on the subject gain an understanding of the art before putting it into context. His discussion of the beginnings of capoeira, which was developed primarily by African slaves, brought to Brazil. Short biographies of the two founders of the sport’s most common modern schools are presented before returning to modern photographs that show some of the differences in styles of play.
Carnaval. Ancona, George. Harcourt Brace, 1999. ISBN: 9780152017934.
This For weeks the people of the Brazilian town of Olinda have been sewing costumes, painting masks, and creating giant puppets–preparing for carnaval. Like Mardi Gras in New Orleans, carnaval is a five-day festival of parades, dancing, and singing. But unlike Mardi Gras, Olinda’s carnaval still celebrates the traditions and folklore of the people and the shared cultures–indigenous, European, and African–that make up Brazil. As generations have done each year, the people of Olinda and their visitors give themselves over to the music, dance, and joy of carnaval.
Cássio’s Day: From Dawn to Dusk in a Brazilian Village. Campos, Maria de Fatima. Frances Lincoln Children’s Books, 2010. ISBN: 9781847800916.
Cássio spends much of his school day outside, and he really likes learning to grow vegetables in the school garden. He and his friend push each other home from school in Cássio’s carrinho (“barrow”), stopping to buy their favorite sweets (doce-de-leite) on the way. Cássio’s shows the daily life and experiences of children in rural Brazil. It also contains a glossary of words and customs in Portuguese.
The Dancing Turtle: A Folktale from Brazil. DeSpain, Pleasant. Boston, David, Ill. August House Little Folk, 1998. ISBN: 9780874835021.
The main character of this Brazilian trickster tale is a chubby turtle with an engaging smile, which loves to play her flute and dance. A man captures her and takes her home for a turtle-soup feast the next day. That afternoon, when he leaves her in his son and daughter’s care, Turtle promises to dance for the children if they let her out of the cage. Once freed, Turtle pretends to fall asleep, and escapes. The father returns home and vows to recapture the cunning animal. An ambiguous conclusion allows readers to determine Turtle’s fate. An introductory source note explains that although indigenous peoples of Brazil created this folktale, it is now also told as far away as Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
For the Love of Soccer. Pelé. Morrison, Frank. Hyperion Books, 2010. ISBN: 9781423115380.
In his first book for children, Pelé offers a recap of his illustrious career in terms that are general enough to give artist Morrison latitude to tell two stories at once. Facing pages simultaneously track the renowned Brazilian from childhood to superstardom while following an androgynous young soccer enthusiast through practice sessions and games on an urban pitch. Both figures explode with infectious, winning enthusiasm and are usually posed in midair, arms and legs flung wide to propel a ball past opponents and into the goal. A more detailed version of Pelé’s accomplishments caps this double introduction to the world’s most popular sport and to one of its most endearingly popular figures.
From Another World. Machado, Ana Maria. Brandão, Lucia, Ill. Groundwood Books, 2002. ISBN-13: 9780888996411.
When their parents decide to turn a farmhouse and its outbuildings into a country inn, Mariano and his friends spend a night in the very old barnlike annex, which has been renovated and partitioned to create guest rooms. After they hear crying in the night, they meet Rosario, the ghost of a nineteenth-century slave girl. She tells them of a tragic event that killed her and most of her family, and she appeals to them for help. Later, as they listen to Leo and Elise’s grandmother relate family history, the kids piece together the rest of the story.
From My Window. Júnior, Otávio. Starkoff, Vanina, Ill. Barefoot Books 2018. ISBN: 9781782859789.
A boy describes the building, people, weather, games, and activities he can observe from his window in a favela, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro. Includes notes about favelas and the author’s experiences growing up in one. Inspired by his own childhood, Otávio’s poetic story celebrates the diversity of his unique urban community.
Fulustreca. Machado, Luis Raul. Mello, Roger, Ill. Ediouro, 2001. ISBN: 9788500226663.
Through poetry, the author plays with design to talk about a “being” that goes through its vivid life leaving happiness wherever it goes.
The Great Kapok Tree: A Tale of the Amazon Rain Forest. Cherry, Lynne. Harcourt, 1990. ISBN: 9780152005207.
If a tree falls in the forest… someone or something will always be there to hear it. Many, many creatures will feel the effects when their source of sustenance and shelter falls to the earth. So when a man is sent into the Amazon rain forest one day, under instructions to chop down a great kapok tree, many eyes watch him nervously. It’s not long before he grows tired, and the “heat and hum” of the rain forest lulls him to sleep. One by one, snakes, bees, monkeys, birds, frogs, and even a jaguar emerge from the jungle canopy to plead with the sleeping man to spare their home. When the man awakens, startled at all the animals surrounding him, he picks up his ax as if to begin chopping again, then drops it and walks away, presumably never to return.
Great Snake: Stories from the Amazon. Taylor, Sean. Vilela Fernando, Ill. Frances Lincoln Children’s Books, 2008. ISBN: 9781845075293.
As the author travels up the Amazon River in Brazil, he introduces readers to the people he meets and stories they tell. From an old woman, he hears the story of the jurutaí, a bird that sings a love song to the moon. Others tell of a giant snake that overturns boats in the river, and of the curupira, a creature covered in blood-red hair that protects the rain forest. Three times he is told of dolphins that appear as men dressed in suits and hats: the spread of a fisherman taken to the bottom of the river by such a stranger is particularly chilling. He hears trickster tales of Fox and Jaguar as well as Tortoise and Vulture, and on a very hot day he delights in the story of very slow Three-Toed Sloth.
Head of the Saint. Acioli, Socorro. Hahn, Daniel, Translator. Delacorte Press, 2016. ISBN: 978147403835.
Fourteen-year-old Samuel is newly orphaned, and homeless, in a small town in Brazil. He lives in a giant, hollow, concrete head of St. Anthony, the lingering evidence of the village’s inept and failed attempt to build a monolith over a decade ago. He didn’t know what it was when he crawled into it, seeking shelter during a storm, but since coming there, he hears beautiful singing, echoing like magic in the head twice a day. So he stays. Miraculously, he can also hear the private prayers and longings of the villagers. Feeling mischievous, Samuel begins to help answer these prayers, hoping that if he does, their noise will quiet down and he can listen to the beautiful singing in peace. Ironically, his miracles gain him so many fans that he starts to worry he will never fulfill his own true longing and find the source of the singing.
Henry the Navigator: Prince of Portuguese Exploration. Ariganello, Lisa. Crabtree, 2006. ISBN: 9780778724698.
The book traces the beginnings of the European Age of Exploration through the sponsorship of voyages of Prince Henry of Portugal. The book traces the adventures of his sailors as they voyaged down the West Coast of Africa in the 1400s, laying the foundations for a Portuguese colonial empire.
How Night Came from the Sea: A Story from Brazil. Gerson, Mary-Joan. Golembe, Carla, Ill. Little, Brown, 1994. ISBN: 9780316308557.
Gerson retells a Brazilian story of how night was brought to earth from the sea. Before the arrival of darkness there was “only sunlight and brightness and heat.” When a daughter of African goddess Iemanja leaves her ocean home to marry “a son of the earth people,” she sorely misses the cover of darkness. Only a bag of night from her mother’s kingdom can restore her happiness, and soon the earth people come to know the beauty of night.
Jabutí the Tortoise: A Trickster Tale from the Amazon. McDermott, Gerald. Voyager Books, 2005. ISBN: 9780152053741.
The reputed trickster Jabuti gets his comeuppance when a jealous vulture offers to fly the tortoise and his flute to the King of Heaven’s festival of song, and then wickedly drops his passenger down from the skies. The King of Heaven chastises the vulture, and the birds that put Jabuti’s smooth shell back together gain new feathers as their reward. The story begins with the animals that Jabuti has tricked, but they all disappear immediately in favor of a pourquoi tale about how the tortoise got the cracks on his shell.
Limpopo Lullaby. Jolly, Jane. Huxley, Dee, Ill. Simple Read Books, 2006. ISBN: 9781894965583.
In 2000, as Mozambique was ravaged by floods, many people found that their only choice was to take shelter in trees. The media spotlight fell on one tiny village where a woman, stuck with her family in a tree, was about to give birth. The remarkable story of this woman and her miraculous child is the inspiration for Limpopo Lullaby
Milet Picture Dictionary English Portuguese. Turhan, Sedat and Hagin, Sally. Milet Publishing, 2009. ISBN: 9781840593570.
Through colorful art work, the dictionary brings some common words found in Portuguese, such as colors, plants, animals, shapes, food, home, school, clothing.
The Moon has Written You a Poem. Letria, José Jorge. Letria, André, Winget Chariot Press, 2005. ISBN: 9781905341009.
This magical poetry collection captures the innocence and imagination of childhood focusing on the importance of family. Deftly translated verse captures the lyrical rhymes of the original Portuguese while providing a whimsical escape for the entire family to enjoy. A free, downloadable booklet with suggestions for further activities is available at www.wingedchariot.com.
My First Book of Portuguese Words. Kudela, Katy R. Capstone, 2011. ISBN: 9781429661690.
The book contains a list of common words you will find in Portuguese (with the English translation) and the pronunciation. Each themed spread features a large, scene-setting photo, providing context for the translated words. This book explores the world, teaching children how to say the things they see in a new language.
My Life In Brazil. Wolf, Alex & Coster, Patience. Cavendish, 2015. ISBN: 9781502600417.
Follows a Brazilian girl through a typical day as she describes her school, her chores, her leisure time activities, and her family.
Neymar: A Soccer Dream Come True. Javaherbin, Mina. Hoppe, Paul, Ill. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018. ISBN: 9780374310660.
This narrative non-fiction picture book is about the sensational soccer star Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior. Born in Brazil, Neymar Jr. grew up imagining that he might one day become a famous soccer player, and is now one of the worlds best. The author brings to life Neymar’s childhood and professional career.
Nina Bonita. Machado, Ana Maria. Faria, Rosana, Ill. Kane/Miller Book Publishers, 1996. ISBN: 9781929132119.
A young girl living in a coastal South American town has a blacker skin tone than any of her family members or playmates. A white rabbit, entranced by the girl’s skin, “dark and glossy, just like a panther in the rain,” implores her to reveal her beauty secrets. Nina Bonita, who doesn’t really know why she’s so dark, gives the rabbit three ridiculous possibilities, which he duplicates with disappointing results. Persistently, the rabbit asks for a fourth explanation, and the final one is provided by girl’s mother.
Nzingha Warrior Queen of Matamba, Angola, Africa, 1595. McKissack, Patricia. Scholastic, 2000. ISBN: 9780439112109, 136p.
In 1595, Nzingha is the strong, intelligent daughter of the Ngola (leader) of the Mbundu people of Ndongo (in modern-day Angola), loyal to her people and willing to fight for them. Unfortunately, because she is a girl, her brother is the favored child, in training to become the next Ngola, even though he is whiny, stupid, and slow (according to Nzingha). But Ajala, a respected seer, believes that Nzingha is destined to be the leader of Ndongo, and begins preparing her for this future. Nzingha’s father fights to keep the Portuguese from taking over their homeland, yet it is Nzingha, ultimately, who acts as the go-between for her people and the Portuguese, negotiating acceptable relations in order to keep peace and power for the Mbundu. Based on true historical events, places, people, and customs, this novel portrays the fascinating details of a remarkable young woman’s strength and courage in defending her world against subterfuge, spies, and the onslaught of the Portuguese.
Menino Maluquinho. Pinto, Ziraldo Alves. Editora Melhoramentos Ltd., 2002. ISBN: 9788506000137.
This is a story of a young boy who is a normal child, he loves games, he messes up the house, but at the end, after his family’s shouting and screaming, he is just a child who is much loved.
Os Dez Amigos. Ziraldo. Melhoramentos.
Using “friendly fingers” this counting book also talks about the different things fingers and hands can do. Written in Portuguese and CD included.
Portugal. Deckker, Zilah. National Geographic Children’s Books, 2009. ISBN: 9781426303906.
Wander the streets of Lisbon, once the heart of a powerful empire. Hear the haunting strains of fado, the music that tugs on nostalgia’s heartstrings. Discover the land of explorers who once conquered the world. Revel in traditional folk festivals; enjoy bountiful markets offering fish, fruit, and flowers.
Portuguese Colonies in the Americas. Parker, Lewis K. Rosen, Inc., 2003. ISBN: 9780823964741.
This book offers a historical account of Portugal’s colony in Brazil, including dates, the types of resources they used, and problems with other countries, which wanted to colonize Brazil as well. In sum, it describes the establishment of a Portuguese colony in Brazil in the sixteenth century, the problems with the Dutch and French, the activities of the Portuguese colonists, their interaction with the native inhabitants, and the eventual fate of Brazil.
Que core é a minha cor? Rodrigues, Martha. Filho, Desenhos de Rubem, Ill.
This story tells the variation of colors and races that formed the Brazilian nation. Written in Portuguese and CD included.
Seaside Dream. Bates, Janet Costa. Illustrated by Davis, Lambert. Lee & Low, 2010. ISBN: 9781600603471.
This story is about a special relationship between a young girl and her grandmother showcases the joy of gift giving as well as the importance of family connections. On Grandma’s seventieth birthday, family from near and far (they’re from the Cape Verde Islands) come together to celebrate. Sadly, Grandma’s sister Aura remains on the island where they grew up; Grandma’s sadness echoes the bittersweet feelings of many people far from their families and their birthplaces. Grandma tells Cora about a mantenha, or message, that might be received from someone far away, and that night Cora has a dream about Aura that inspires her birthday gift to Grandma.
Sock Thief: A Soccer Story. Crespo, Ana. Gonzales, Nana, Ill. Albert Whitman, 2015. ISBN: 97800807575383.
Brazilian boy Felipe wants to play soccer, but he doesn’t have a soccer ball. So, when it’s his turn to take one to school, he uses a little bit of creativity… and a few socks. Felipe is the sock thief, but finding socks is not that easy. Felipe wonders if he’ll play soccer with his friends today or if he will be caught by a tattletale parrot? Felipe leaves delicious mangoes in exchange for the socks he steals, and after he swipes each pair, he twists and turns them into an ever-growing soccer ball. At the end of the day, he returns each pair of socks with a note to say thank you.
Songs from a Journey with a Parrot: Lullabies and Nursery Rhymes from Portugal and Brazil. Lerasle, Magdeleine and Mindy, Paul. Fronty, Aurélia, Ill. Secret Mountain, 2013. ISBN: 9782923163994.
Sung in Portuguese, these 30 lullabies and nursery rhymes from Brazil and Portugal invite children on an authentic musical journey exploring the strong cultural ties that bind the two countries. The lyrics are presented in Portuguese and translated into English, followed by notes on the origin and cultural context of each song. The accompanying CD features traditional songs that blend samba, modinha, fandango, and bossa nova, and are performed by a group of women, men, and children. The use of several indigenous acoustic instruments further makes this an uplifting, enchanting production that captures the meeting of rich and diverse styles.
Victoria Goes To Brazil. Campos, Maria de Fatima. Frances Lincoln Children’s Books, 2009. ISBN: 9781845079277.
Victoria’s mother was born in Brazil, but she and her daughter live in London. Now it’s time for a visit to the country where Mom grew up. From a coffee farm to a saint’s day procession, from a street children’s shelter to a huge family barbeque, Victoria learns about her mother’s country and enjoys getting to know her large Brazilian family. Using vibrant photographs and a first-person narrative based on the fresh perceptions of a child, Victoria Goes to Brazil stimulates young imaginations by showcasing the unfamiliar yet fascinating food, clothing, customs, and culture of this colorful and diverse country.
What a Party! Machado, Ana Maria. Moreau. Hélène, Ill. Groundwood Books, 2013. ISBN: 9781554981687.
In a celebration of neighbors and diversity, an open-ended party invitation results in a raucous gathering of children, pets, and parents. Plus, salsa dancers and a reggae band join all are feasting on food from all over the world. This is a humorous and joyful cautionary tale. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 8 | https://alchetron.com/Edinho-Campos-519307-W | en | Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia | [
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] | null | [] | 2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00 | Edimo Ferreira Campos (born 15 January 1983), commonly known as Edinho, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Coritiba. Edinho is a versatile midfielder with precise passing and is efficient in the tackle while committing very few fouls. In January 2010 Palme | en | /favicon.ico | Alchetron.com | https://alchetron.com/Edinho-Campos | Career
In January 2010 Palmeiras confirmed that the club signed another reinforcement for the team, this season, the club signed for 4 years the defensive midfielder, until December 2013.
In January 2011 Fluminense sing the player for peticion by, Muricy Ramalho, coach of the Fluminense.
On 19 December 2013, with the end of his contract with Fluminense, transferred to the Grêmio for the 2014 season.
On the June 6, 2016 it was involved In a change changes player Negueba, in the which Edinho will act for Coritiba.
Career statistics
As of 2 April 2017
Club
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008
Copa Libertadores: 2006
FIFA Club World Cup: 2006
Recopa Sudamericana: 2007
Copa Sudamericana: 2008
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2012
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2012 | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 12 | https://www.pledgeme.co.nz/projects/190-nz-1st-national-footvolley-open | en | NZ 1st National Footvolley Open | https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/pledgeme-nz-production-assets/campaign/images/attachments/000/001/066/large/project-190.bmp?1386590258 | https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/pledgeme-nz-production-assets/campaign/images/attachments/000/001/066/large/project-190.bmp?1386590258 | [
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] | null | [] | null | Help raising funds for the 1st NZ Footvolley Open which will be taking place in Oriental Bay, Wellington. <br>The intention is to attract... | /favicon.ico | https://www.pledgeme.co.nz/projects/190-nz-1st-national-footvolley-open | Project 2012-05-02 03:42:49 +1200
This funding it is to raise money for the 1st NZ Footvolley Open which take place in Oriental Bay, Wellington.
The intention is to attract as many players and spectators as possible on a good sunny day so therefore everyone will be able to join and learn about this beautiful and attractive sport.
Below is our Facebook page and also a DOMINION POST link on us:
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Welly-Footvolley/220936567998835
http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/capital-life/6713643/Brazilian-flair-kicks-off-sport
Team Behind this Project
NZ Footvolley Director and Event Organizer - Flavio Campos
NZ Footvolley Director - Mario Forni
NZ Footvolley Specialist - Enrico Meirelles A little bit about the sport history:
Footvolley was created in Brazil, by Octavio de Moraes, in 1965 in Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana Beach as a means for football players to be able to touch the ball without violating the formal football ban at the time. Players would bring a football; but opt for the volleyball courts when the police would come ask for their ball. The game of footvolley - first call 'pevoley' literally meaning "footvolley" was discarded for "futevolei". Footvolley started in Rio de Janeiro; however cities like Recife, Salvador, Brasilia, Goiania, Santos, and Florianopolis have players who have been playing footvolley since the 1970s.
Teams of footvolley had five a side initially. Due to the skill level of the then footvolley athletes (nearly all were professional football players); the ball would rarely drop. Thus, the players began lowering the number of players on each side, eventually settling on 2 versus 2, which is still in use today.
In recent years, professional football players have taken up footvolley in both promotional events and celebrity matches. Some notable Brazilian footballers who have played (or still play) footvolley are: Romário, Edmundo, Ronaldo, Ronaldinho Gaúcho, Júnior, and Edinho (1982 & 1986 National Team).
Rules
Footvolley combines field rules that are based on those of beach volleyball with ball-touch rules taken from Association football. Essentially footvolley is beach volleyball except no hands and a football replaces the volleyball.
International Rules
Points are awarded if the ball hits the ground in the opponents' court, if the opponents commit a fault, or if they fail to return the ball. Scoring is done using the rally point system (NEW volleyball rules). Match scoring is usually up to the event organizer's discretion. Generally speaking matches are one set to 18 points; or best of three sets to 15 points (with third set to 11 points). The court is 29.5 feet x 59 ft (old beach volleyball). The height of the net varies based on the competition. The Official International Rule for the net height set is 2.2 meters or 7 feet 2 inches for the men's competition. For the women's competition, the height of the net should be set at 2 meters or 6 feet 6 inches.
The rules in the United States professional tour (Pro Footvolley Tour) are designed to make the matches faster and more aggressive. Some of the notable differences are: lower net height (2.05 Meters); no 'net' foul; 2-pointers are awarded up to 3-times maximum per set for all shots scored with the foot when one foot goes above the head when striking the ball and the other foot is off the ground (bikes, matrix kicks, etc.); and smaller court size 57 feet by 28.5 feet.
International growth
Since the sport's inception in Brazil, footvolley has spread and gained popularity internationally, including Europe, the United States, and Asia. The very first international footvolley event held outside of Brazil was sponsored by the United States Footvolley Association in March 2003. This relatively small event is what kick-started the international growth of the sport.
Major events have been held at many beach cities in countries around the world, including Spain, Portugal, Greece, France, Holland, Aruba, Thailand, South Africa, Brazil, Paraguay, etc.
Comments | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 10 | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/2015/01/rio-de-janeiro-all-time-23-member-team.html | en | Soccer, football or whatever: Rio de Janeiro Greatest All | [
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"football or whatever",
"View my complete profile"
] | null | Romario and Ronaldo Please also see my All-Time Team Index . Brazil 50 Brazilian Greatest Players (26th-50th) Flamengo , Botafogo ... | en | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/2015/01/rio-de-janeiro-all-time-23-member-team.html | I am Lincoln W Chan from Hong Kong also aka Excapegoat at bigsoccer. This blog is mainly about all-time teams. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 3 | https://africa.espn.com/football/player/_/id/92934/campos-edinho | en | %{teamName} Midfielder | https://a.espncdn.com/combiner/i?img=/i/teamlogos/countries/500/bra.png | https://a.espncdn.com/combiner/i?img=/i/teamlogos/countries/500/bra.png | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | View the profile of %{teamName} Midfielder Campos Edinho on ESPN. Get the latest news, live stats and game highlights. | en | ESPN | https://africa.espn.com/football/player/_/id/92934/campos-edinho | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 2 | https://fbref.com/en/players/d31b1009/Edinho-Campos | en | Edinho Campos Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more | [
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] | null | [] | null | Check out the latest domestic and international stats, match logs, goals, height, weight and more for Edinho Campos playing for Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Coritiba FC and Ceará SC in the Série A, Copa Libertadores and Serie A | en | FBref.com | https://fbref.com/en/players/d31b1009/Edinho-Campos | About FBref.com
FBref.com launched (June 13, 2018) with domestic league coverage for England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and United States. Since then we have been steadily expanding our coverage to include domestic leagues from over 40 countries as well as domestic cup, super cup and youth leagues from top European countries. We have also added coverage for major international cups such as the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores.
FBref is the most complete sources for women's football data on the internet. This includes the entire history of the FIFA Women's World Cup as well as recent domestic league seasons from nine countries, including advanced stats like xG for most of those nine.
In collaboration with Opta, we are including advanced analytical data such as xG, xA, progressive passing, duels and more for over twenty competitions. For more information on the expected goals model and which competitions have advanced data, see our xG explainer. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 11 | https://m.famousfix.com/list/footballers-from-niteroi | en | Footballers from Niterói | [
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] | null | [] | null | https://static.famousfix.com/img/ff/favicon.ico | FamousFix.com | https://www.famousfix.com/list/footballers-from-niteroi | Overview: Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa, better known as Alex (pronounced born 17 June 1982), is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a central defender. He was known for his physical strength and the power ...
Date of birth: 17 June 1982
Age: 42
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 6' 2" (188 cm)
Overview: Leonardo Nascimento de Araújo (born 5 September 1969), known as Leonardo, is a Brazilian former footballer and coach, who is currently sporting director of Paris Saint-Germain.
Date of birth: 5 September 1969
Age: 54
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 9" (175 cm)
Overview: Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto (born 2 April 1971), better known simply as Edmundo, is a Brazilian football pundit and retired footballer who played as a forward.
Date of birth: 2 April 1971
Age: 53
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 10" (178 cm)
Overview: Bruno Ferreira Mombra Rosa, better known as Bruno Mezenga (born August 8, 1988 in Niterói), is a Brazilian striker.
Date of birth: 8 August 1988
Age: 36
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Overview: Leonardo "Léo" da Silva Moura (born 23 October 1978) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Botafogo-PB. Mainly a right back, he can also play as a midfielder.
Date of birth: 23 October 1978
Age: 45
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 10" (178 cm)
Overview: Matheus Thiago de Carvalho (born March 11, 1992), known as Matheus Carvalho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Náutico. As well as Fluminense, he also spent time on loan to Joinville and Monaco.
Date of birth: 11 March 1992
Age: 32
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 10" (178 cm)
Overview: Arthur Machado (1 January 1909 – 20 February 1997) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team at the 1938 FIFA World Cup finals.
Date of birth: 1 January 1909
Date of death: 20 February 1997
Age: 88 (age at death)
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 8" (173 cm)
Overview: Waldo Machado da Silva (9 September 1934 – 25 February 2019), known simply as Waldo, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward.
Date of birth: 9 September 1934
Date of death: 25 February 2019
Age: 84 (age at death)
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 10" (178 cm)
Overview: Bruno Vieira Gallo de Oliveira or simply Bruno Gallo (born 7 May 1988, in Niterói), is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central midfielder.
Date of birth: 7 May 1988
Age: 36
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 6' (183 cm)
Overview: Thiago Benevides Gonçalves, commonly known as Thiaguinho (born September 4, 1987), is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Spanish club CD Ferriolense as a left winger.
Date of birth: 4 September 1987
Age: 36
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 5' 7" (170 cm)
Overview: Marcelo dos Santos Cipriano (born 11 October 1969), known simply as Marcelo, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a striker.
Date of birth: 11 October 1969
Age: 54
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 6' 1" (185 cm)
Overview: Leonardo de Matos Cruz (born 2 April 1986), better known as Léo Matos, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Vasco da Gama.
Date of birth: 2 April 1986
Age: 38
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male
Height: 6' (183 cm)
Overview: Altair Gomes de Figueiredo, usually referred to as Altair (January 22, 1938 – August 9, 2019), was a football defender and a World Champion for Brazil in the 1962 World Cup.
Date of birth: 22 January 1938
Date of death: 9 August 2019
Age: 81 (age at death)
Nationality: Brazilian
Occupation: Football
Gender: Male | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 13 | https://search.proquest.com/openview/c730cba757a3247743c705650311f094/1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D18750%26diss%3Dy | en | Tropicália’s Second Generation: Sounding Antropofagia and New Gendered Tropes | [
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Your library or institution may also provide you access to related full text documents in ProQuest. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 9 | https://www.playmakerstats.com/manager/edinho/65323 | en | playmakerstats.com | [
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] | null | [] | null | Edimo Ferreira Campos is a 41-year-old Football coach born on 1983-01-15, in Niterói (RJ), Brazil. Currently has no team. | en | https://www.playmakerstats.com/favicon.ico | www.playmakerstats.com | https://www.playmakerstats.com/manager/edinho/65323 | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 49 | https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/nosubscription/brazil-peles-mausoleum-opens-to-the-public/ | en | Brazil: Pelé’s mausoleum opens to the public | http://www.riotimesonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/pele-memorial.jpg | http://www.riotimesonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/pele-memorial.jpg | [
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"RT Staff Reporters"
] | 2023-05-16T20:39:08+00:00 | The mausoleum in Santos (Brazilian state of São Paulo), where Pelé is buried, was opened to the public on Monday (15). | en | The Rio Times | https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/nosubscription/brazil-peles-mausoleum-opens-to-the-public/ | The mausoleum in Santos (Brazilian state of São Paulo), where Pelé is buried, was opened to the public on Monday (15).
The Sportsman of the Century died of multiple organ failure on December 29, 2022, at 82.
The “Soccer King” body is buried in the Memorial Necropolis Ecumenical vertical cemetery.
The visitation can be done in two periods. In the morning, from 09:00 to 12:00, and in the afternoon, from 14:00 to 18:00 local time.
To visit the mausoleum, a free registration is required on the Memorial’s website.
Around 30 members of the “Torcida Jovem do Santos” (Santos FC fan group) were on hand Monday to once again pay their respects to the “Soccer King”.
The fans sang the club anthem and became very emotional at the site.
Reservations are made through Memorial’s website. You can choose the day and time, morning or afternoon.
Right now, the number of visitors is limited to 30 in the morning and 30 in the afternoon.
There is no limit to visiting hours; you can pay your respects at your leisure and visit the entire structure – explains Paulo Campos, commercial director of the Memorial.
Edinho, Pelé’s son, represented the family at the opening of the mausoleum to the public.
He explained that throughout his life, he and the other family members had to understand that his father also belonged to the whole world.
“It is a reason for great joy and gratitude for so much veneration and love that people have shown and expressed to him.”
“All of us who belong to the immediate family circle have had to understand during our lives that he does not belong 100% to us.”
“He belongs to the world.”
“It was not always so easy. But once again, we must share an intimate, delicate moment with everyone.”
“But at the same time, this love and care helps us bear the pain and sadness.”
“We also share that pain and sadness with everyone.”
“It’s a mixture of feelings. But in the end, there is pride.”
“Pride in this history that goes on and on.”
The mausoleum was the idea of the cemetery owner.
Pelé had already purchased space on the ninth floor of the vertical cemetery in 2003 in honor of his father, Dondinho, who wore jersey number nine during his playing days.
Pelé’s tombstone faces the Vila Belmiro, the stage of the great moments in the King’s career.
The stadium is 850 meters from the gravesite.
However, the family and the cemetery agreed that Pelé would be buried in the mausoleum for logistical reasons and public access.
Designed by Pepe Altstut, the Memorial’s owner, the mausoleum is 200 m2 and houses two life-size brass statues of Pelé.
On the walls, a large photo simulates Santos fans, and the floor is covered with artificial grass.
The tomb is covered with golden aluminum panels and has four panels, two of which represent Pelé’s goals and the other two the celebration with the traditional jump in the air.
There are also cornerstones in the four corners of the tomb in the shape of the Jules Rimet trophy, a jersey with the number 10, and a crown.
The mausoleum also displays the sky blue over Pelé’s grave and the Brazilian national team and Santos jerseys.
Visitors can also see the Mercedes Benz S-280 the manufacturer gave Pelé in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
The car is on display in the cemetery’s vehicle museum.
Brazil news, English news Brazil, Brazilian soccer, Pelé | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 30 | https://findwords.info/term/edinho | en | What does edinho mean | [] | [] | [] | [
"edinho"
] | null | [] | null | Word definitions in dictionaries Wikipedia | en | null | Edinho, real name Edino Nazareth Filho, (born 5 June 1955 in Rio de Janeiro) is a former football (soccer) player from Brazil. He played central defender with Fluminense Football Club, Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense and with the Brazilian national team. He is currently a sports commentator.
Edinho is a Portuguese name, in origin a diminutive form of a forename such as Edison or Edson, both widely used as given names in South America and particularly in Brazil.
It may refer to these Brazilian footballers:
Éder Luciano, known as Edinho, forward
Edinho Campos, full name Edimo Ferreira Campos, midfielder
Edinho (footballer, born 1967), full name Edon Amaral Neto, forward
Edinho (footballer, born 1955), known as Edino Nazareth Filho, defender
Edson Cholbi Nascimento, known as Edinho, goalkeeper, son of Pelé
Or this Portuguese footballer:
Edinho (Portuguese footballer), full name Arnaldo Edi Lopes da Silva, forward | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinho_(footballer,_born_1983) | en | Edinho (footballer, born 1983) | [
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] | 2006-10-04T19:05:02+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinho_(footballer,_born_1983) | Brazilian footballer
In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Ferreira and the second or paternal family name is Campos.
Edimo Ferreira Campos (born 15 January 1983), commonly known as Edinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
Career
[edit]
In January 2010, Palmeiras confirmed that the club signed another reinforcement for the team. This season, the club signed the defensive midfielder for 4 years, until December 2013.
In January 2011, Fluminense sign the player for peticion by, Muricy Ramalho, coach of the Fluminense.
On 19 December 2013, with the end of his contract with Fluminense, transferred to the Grêmio for the 2014 season.[1]
On the June 6, 2016, it was involved in a change for player Negueba, in the which Edinho will act for Coritiba.[2][3]
Career statistics
[edit]
As of 2 April 2017[4]
Club Season League National Cup Continental Other Total Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Lecce 2008-09 Serie A 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 2009-10 Serie B 17 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 Total 31 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Palmeiras 2010 Série A 30 1 8 1 7 0 14 0 59 2 Fluminense 2011 Série A 33 1 0 0 6 0 11 0 50 1 2012 33 0 0 0 8 0 11 0 52 0 2013 34 0 2 0 10 0 14 0 60 0 Total 100 1 2 0 24 0 36 0 162 1 Grêmio 2014 Série A 10 0 0 0 8 0 13 1 31 1 2015 19 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 2016 2 0 0 0 5 0 13 1 20 1 Total 31 0 5 0 13 0 26 2 75 2 Coritiba 2016 Série A 20 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 22 0 2017 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 9 0 Total 20 0 1 0 2 0 8 0 31 0 Career total 212 2 18 1 46 0 84 2 360 5
Honours
[edit]
Club
[edit]
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008
Copa Libertadores: 2006
FIFA Club World Cup: 2006
Recopa Sudamericana: 2007
Copa Sudamericana: 2008
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2012
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2012
Coritiba
Campeonato Paranaense: 2017
References
[edit] | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 67 | https://tnp.straitstimes.com/sports/football/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-16T11:57:33+08:00 | Football News - SANTOS, BRAZIL – It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public on Monday. Pele, who died on December 29,... Read more at www.tnp.sg | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | The New Paper | https://tnp.straitstimes.com/sports/football/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil | SANTOS, BRAZIL – It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public on Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29, 2022, at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” – The King – whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200 sq m room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometre from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. AFP | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 88 | https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/pel%25C3%25A9-1977%3Fpage%3D2 | en | Getty Images | [
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] | null | [] | null | Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online. | de | null | |||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 71 | https://www.facebook.com/jovempannews/videos/familiar-de-brasileiros-feridos-em-ataque-no-l%25C3%25ADbano-fala-sobre-estado-das-v%25C3%25ADtima/779713790915388/ | en | Três brasileiros, uma mulher e seus dois filhos, ficaram feridos após um ataque a bombas no sul do Líbano, neste sábado (1º), de acordo com o Ministério... | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | Três brasileiros, uma mulher e seus dois filhos, ficaram feridos após um ataque a bombas no sul do Líbano, neste sábado (1º), de acordo com o Ministério... | de | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico | https://www.facebook.com/jovempannews/videos/familiar-de-brasileiros-feridos-em-ataque-no-l%C3%ADbano-fala-sobre-estado-das-v%C3%ADtima/779713790915388/ | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 24 | https://www.strava.com/activities/11980068997 | en | Pedalada da tarde | https://d3o5xota0a1fcr.cloudfront.net/v6/maps/SVM72HEBTAZ3CG33UBITODAXOLKK66PFET72OMSUEYTPIOXV6TYABY7C2ORW4XOJ6SNYS7HM7OVLEYDJ3WA6M=== | https://d3o5xota0a1fcr.cloudfront.net/v6/maps/SVM72HEBTAZ3CG33UBITODAXOLKK66PFET72OMSUEYTPIOXV6TYABY7C2ORW4XOJ6SNYS7HM7OVLEYDJ3WA6M=== | [
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] | null | [] | 2024-07-25T13:30:09 | View Edinho - Pedale em Campos's ride on July 25, 2024 | Strava | en | Strava | https://www.strava.com/activities/11980068997 | Distance
38.1 km
Time
1h 28m 30s
Elevation
653 m
Sign up to see the comments. | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 26 | https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Rodrigo_Batata | en | Rodrigo Batata Biography | https://pantheon.world/api/screenshot/person?id=26953213 | https://pantheon.world/api/screenshot/person?id=26953213 | [
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Rodrigo Pinheiro da Silva (born 10 September 1977), known as Rodrigo Batata, is a former Brazilian football player . Read more on Wikipedia | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 73 | https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2063083.html | en | Final resting place: Pele's gilded, turf | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | /assets/images/favicon-rtltoday/favicon.ico?v=202408121052 | https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2063083.html | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 48 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fluminense_FC | en | Fluminense FC | [
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] | null | [] | null | Fluminense Football Club is a Brazilian sports club based in neighbourhood of Laranjeiras, in Rio de Janeiro, being the oldest football club in the state since its foundation in 1902. Competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first tier of Brazilian football, and the Campeonato Carioca, the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The word "fluminense" is the gentilic given to people born in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. | en | Wikiwand | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fluminense_FC | For other uses, see Fluminense (disambiguation).
Fluminense Football Club (Brazilian Portuguese: [flumiˈnẽsi futʃiˈbɔw ˈklubi]) is a Brazilian sports club based in neighbourhood of Laranjeiras, in Rio de Janeiro, being the oldest football club in the state since its foundation in 1902. Competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first tier of Brazilian football, and the Campeonato Carioca, the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The word "fluminense" is the gentilic given to people born in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil.
Quick Facts Full name, Nickname(s) ...
Close
Fluminense have been crowned national champions four times, most recently in the 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A; the team have also won the 2007 Copa do Brasil and the 1952 Copa Rio. In 1949, Fluminense became the only football club in the world to receive the Olympic Cup, awarded annually by the International Olympic Committee to an institution or association with a record of merit and integrity in actively developing the Olympic Movement. Its best international performances are finishing champions of the 2023 Copa Libertadores, and reaching the 2008 Copa Libertadores finals.[2]
Fluminense's traditional home kit consists of an iconic combination of three colors: burgundy, white, and green, disposed in vertical stripes, since its adoption in 1904. White shorts and white socks, an outfit which has been in use since 1920, complement the home kit for O Tricolor.
The club holds several long-standing rivalries with other clubs, most notably with Flamengo (Clássico Fla-Flu), Botafogo (Clássico Vovô) and Vasco da Gama (Clássico dos Gigantes). The Clássico Fla-Flu in particular is widely considered one of the greatest football derbies in Brazil and South America, having eventually set the world record for the highest attendance in a match between football clubs (over 200,000 spectators in the stadium of Maracanã). | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 51 | https://www.instagram.com/p/C97Vf-1OhWr/ | en | Instagram | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 5 | https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j97421.html | en | Edinho, Edimo Ferreira Campos - Footballer | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 12 | https://www.soccerzz.com/player/edinho/5460 | en | Player Profile & Stats | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 47 | https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/edinho_3/jonathan-antero-silva/3/ | en | Edinho » Bilanz unter Referee Jonathan Antero Silva | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 25 | https://www.academia.edu/23829551/Tabuleiro_forests_north_of_the_rio_Doce_their_representation_in_the_Vale_do_Rio_Doce_Natural_Reserve_Esp%25C3%25ADrito_Santo_Brazil | en | Tabuleiro forests north of the rio Doce: their representation in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | [
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] | null | [
"MARCELO Simonelli",
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] | 2016-03-30T00:00:00 | Tabuleiro forests north of the rio Doce: their representation in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil | https://www.academia.edu/23829551/Tabuleiro_forests_north_of_the_rio_Doce_their_representation_in_the_Vale_do_Rio_Doce_Natural_Reserve_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_Brazil | The Brazilian Atlantic forest is an area of highest priority for conservation. This present study concentrates on the Macaé de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the physical environment at local and regional scales, based on vegetation and soil data collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites, and also by comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs, Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital image processing and geographical information system software. The Reserve is covered by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical forest. Montane forest, the dominant vegetation type, covers slopes up to 1500m altitude. High montane forest occurs on top-slopes, in restricted mountain ridge areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43 m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3 m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing 164 species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae and Sapindaceae. The species with highest IVI are Euterpe edulis, Licania kunthiana, Ocotea indecora, Vochysia saldanhae, Calycorectes sp.1, Dendropanax trilobium, Kielmeyera insignis, Cryptocarya moschata, Meriania robusta, and Clethra scabra. TWINSPAN classification reveals the occurrence of at least two groups of plots, one related to the montane forest formation and the other representing a transition between montane and high-montane or cloud forests.. The first axis of the DCA ordination is related to an altitudinal gradient. PCA analysis of forest structural, environmental, geographical and soil data revealed high correlation between altitude and Al, basal area and K, number of species and %C, clay content and slope. The CCA ordination reveals a correlation between altitude, height and canopy and the first axis, while slope, number of species, P, Ca+Mg, H+Al and CEC are correlated with the second axis. CCA also shows a relief gradient along two axes. The results support the hypothesis of a local mosaic composed by different plant communities that can be related to site and relief characteristics, with forest structure and composition, and site conditions strongly related to altitude, location on the relief and slope. Floristic patterns revealed by the classification (UPGMA, TWINSPAN) and ordination (DCA, CCA) of the 51 forest areas are strongly related to climatic and geographical variables. Köppen climatic types are shown to be good predictors of similarities between the areas. CCA reveals a gradient from low latitude, lowland warm areas with high rainfall to higher latitude and altitude, colder and drier areas. All methods distinguish the semideciduous from the coastal moist forests, with a transitional montane ecotone between the two main forest types. High altitude areas indicate links with Araucaria forests. Past (1970) and current land cover maps were produced, with results from local and regional scales analysis used as surrogate information for the classification. A conceptual model for the Atlantic forest vegetation in southeastern Brazil is proposed, based on the relationships between the forest vegetation and the physical environment. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 27 | https://dokumen.pub/becoming-brazilians-race-and-national-identity-in-twentieth-century-brazil-1107175763-9781107175761.html | en | Becoming Brazilians: Race and National Identity in Twentieth | [
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"https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/becoming-brazilians-race-and-national-identity-in-twentieth-century-brazil-1st-edition-1107175763-9781107175761-1316626008-9781316626009-1316800059-9781316800058.jpg",
"https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/becoming-braz... | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | This book traces the rise and decline of Gilberto Freyre's vision of racial and cultural mixture (mestiçagem - or r... | en | dokumen.pub | https://dokumen.pub/becoming-brazilians-race-and-national-identity-in-twentieth-century-brazil-1107175763-9781107175761.html | Table of contents :
Cover
Half-title page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Epigraph
Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Creating a People and a Nation
Gilberto Freyre and the Myth of Mestiçagem
Gilberto Freyre and Casa-grande e senzala
Constructing Myths, Rituals, and Symbols
Key Themes
Modernism
Decline of the Freyrean Vision
An Overview of the Book
1 From the “Spectacle of Races” to “Luso-Tropical Civilization”
Constructing State and Nation
Race and National Identity
Modernism and Modernity
Gilberto Freyre and the Creation of the Myth of Mestiçagem
2 Communicating and Understanding Mestiçagem: Radio, Samba, and Carnaval
The State, Media, and Popular Culture
Radio and the Creation of Samba
Samba, Carnaval, and Getúlio Vargas
Carnaval, Gender, the Malandro, and the Mulata
The Malandro
3 Visualizing Mestiçagem: Literature, Film, and the Mulata
A New Visual Culture and the Freyrean Mulata
Carmen Miranda: An Iconic Cinematic Mulata?
Carnaval and Cinema
Mestiço Nationalism, Cinema Novo, and Bossa Nova
Creating the Iconic Mulata: Jorge Amado and Sonia Braga
4 “Globo-lizing” Brazil: Televising Identity
The Television Revolution and the Rise of the Globo Empire
Modernity, Identity, and the Jornal Nacional
Telenovelas and National Identity
Broadcasting Carnaval and Futebol
5 The Beautiful Game: Performing the Freyrean Vision
Creating the Myth of Futebol-Mulato
From English Sport to Jogo do Povo
Futebol-mestiço, Futebol-mulato, Futebol-arte
Identity and the End of Futebol-arte?
Gilberto Freyre, Mário Filho, Mestiçagem, and Citizenship
6 The Sounds of Cultural Citizenship
Cultural Citizenship and Cultural Nationalism
Music, Region, Nation
Música Popular Brasileira and Cultural Nationalism
Popular Music, Nationalism, Citizenship
7 Culture, Identity, and Citizenship
Civic and Cultural Nationalisms
Citizenships
The Diretas Já Campaign
Impeachment, Citizenship, and Nationalism
Challenges to the Freyrean Vision
Epilogue: Nation and Identity in the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries
The Return of Gilberto Freyre
Technology: Forging and Eroding Narratives
Modernity, Post Modernity, and the Creation of Identities
Back to Race and Identity
Nation, Regions, Nationalism, and National Identity
Brazilian Exceptionalism?
Bibliography
Index
Citation preview | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 7 | https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/internacional-player-indio | en | Getty Images | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 31 | https://www.academia.edu/18713640/Cryopreservation_of_mammalian_embryos | en | Cryopreservation of mammalian embryos | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif | [
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] | null | [
"Zsuzsanna Polgar",
"Duangjai Boonkusol",
"unideb.academia.edu",
"independent.academia.edu"
] | 2015-11-20T00:00:00 | Although intensive research has been conducted on a worldwide scale, cryopreservation of embryos in many species has not yet been possible with sufficient success rates. Embryo cryopreservation in farm animals is a valuable tool to maintain genetic | https://www.academia.edu/18713640/Cryopreservation_of_mammalian_embryos | The aim of the present review is to provide information to researchers and practitioners concerning the reasons for the altered viability and the medium- and long-term consequences of cryopreservation of manipulated mammalian embryos. Embryo manipulation is defined herein as the act or process of manipulating mammalian embryos, including superovulation, AI, IVM, IVF, in vitro culture, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo biopsy or splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning, the production of sexed embryos (by sperm sexing), embryo cryopreservation, embryo transfer or the creation of genetically modified (transgenic) embryos. With advances in manipulation technologies, the application of embryo manipulation will become more frequent; the proper prevention and management of the resulting alterations will be crucial in establishing an economically viable animal breeding technology.
Preimplantation embryos from cattle, sheep, and goats may be cryopreserved for short- or long-term storage. Preimplantation embryos consist predominantly of water, and the avoidance of intracellular ice crystal formation during the cryopreservation process is of paramount importance to maintain embryo viability. Embryos are placed into a hypertonic solution (1.4 - 1.5 M) of a cryoprotective agent (CPA) such as ethylene glycol (EG) or glycerol (GLYC) to create an osmotic gradient that facilitates cellular dehydration. After embryos reach osmotic equilibrium in the CPA solution, they are individually loaded in the hypertonic CPA solution into 0.25 ml plastic straws for freezing. Embryos are placed into a controlled rate freezer at a temperature of -6°C. Ice crystal formation is induced in the CPA solution surrounding the embryo, and crystallization causes an increase in the concentration of CPA outside of the embryo, causing further cellular dehydration. Embryos are cooled at a rate o... | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 64 | http://www.sportquick.com/articles/football-3/world-cup-1537.html | en | World Cup | http://www.sportquick.com/images/logo-sportquick.jpg | http://www.sportquick.com/images/logo-sportquick.jpg | [
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,
,World Cup
,
,
,World Cup 2010 will be held in South Africa from June 11 to July 11. The draw hens held December 4, 2009. The World Cup 2014 (20th edition) will be held in Brazil.
,
,
,History
,The FIFA World Cup is an, Tout le sport 24 h sur 24 | null | World Cup 2010 will be held in South Africa from June 11 to July 11. The draw hens held December 4, 2009. The World Cup 2014 (20th edition) will be held in Brazil.
History
The FIFA World Cup is an international football competition that takes place every four years in a host country. This competition was created in France in the town of Villefranche-sur-Mer on the Cote d'Azur by Jules Rimet, president of the Federation Internationale de Football Association or FIFA in 1928. The first edition was held in 1930 in Uruguay.
There was a first project to create a World Cup in 1905, but without result. In 1920, Jules Rimet, the first president of the French Football Federation and secretary Henri Delaunay deposited on the desk of the International Federation of a draft World Cup. He had to wait eight years to see the birth of the first Organizing Committee of the World Cup, which decided that the first would be the organizer Uruguay to celebrate the centenary of its independence in 1930.
The first trophy at stake (the Jules Rimet Cup, the work of French sculptor Abel Lafleur was won by Brazil in 1970 after his 3rd victory. It was a golden statuette of approx. 1.5 kg for a winged victory on an octagonal base on which are engraved the names of winners from 1930 to 1970. Lasts this period, the country remained victor holder until the next edition four years later. After his third win, Brazil received Cup final. The Cup was stolen twice, once in London in 1966 and again in Brazil, where it was never found. The new trophy (5 kg of gold), the work of Italian sculptor Silvio Gazzaniga, will not be retained by the conquering country. It is put into play every 4 years since 1974. Jules Rimet(1873-1956), is the innovator and world football, based primarily on the Parisian club Red Star, then became president of the new French Federation of Football Association in April 1919 (until 1949). Previously he had participated in the founding of FIFA in 1904 he became the president for more than 30 years (1921-1954). Inspired by the success of the Olympic tournament, he created the World Cup in 1930 bringing together the greatest football nations to describe the world champion. This cup bears his name until 1970. In 1955, it has been proposed as a Nobel Prize for Peace.
Rules and principles of the World Cup
Since 2006, there are eight groups of four teams in the first round, each meeting once the other three.
- A first round victory is worth 3 points, a draw is worth one point and a loss zero points.
- The top two from each group qualified for the knockout stages following the number of goals scored, goal difference overall, the number of points scored, best attack, the result of a direct meeting between the two teams and the random fate.
- From the knockout stages until the final, knock-out system wasadopted. If no result after 90 minutes of play, an extension of two times 15 minutes is disputed profit in gold and silver goal.
- If after the extension (120 minutes of play), no team has scored, the winner is the one who wins a meeting of five shots on goal until the team takes advantage of a purpose.
Penalties
Players receiving a red card will be automatically suspended for the next game. This penalty applies to those who receive two yellow cards in two games in three of the first round. The players excluded in the last game qualifications are automatically excluded in the first game of the final phase.
Balls World Cup
The circumference of a balloon is 70 cm longer and 68 cm at least. His weight is 450 g and more than 410 g less in the game
- Germany 1974: leather ball while White: "Telstar Chile.
- Argentina 1978: leather ball composed of 32 elements without beginning or end (no stitches): the "Tango" for use after the Olympics and European Cups.
- Spain 1982: leather ball in white, orange and yellow with waterproofed seams to improved aerodynamics wind tunnel: the "Tango Spain" developed by the Tango family. There was the "Tango Alicante to play in the spotlight, the" Tango Malaga for hardpack, the "Tango indoor.
- Mexico 1986: first fully synthetic ball hand sewn, the "Azteca".
- Italy 1990: synthetic ball 'high tech' consists of 32 elements, "the Etrusco.
- 1994 USA: High-tech ball with a polyurethane foam consists of 5 different materials, the "Questra.
- 1998 in France: the 'Habs' first ball color (blue, white, red).
- 2002 in South Korea and Japan: the 9th ball offered by Adidas World Cup bears the name 'Fevernova' recalling the fever generated for each World Cup.
- 2006 in Germany: the 'TeamgeistTM', the 10th ball by Adidas has developed a revolutionary balloon, softer and smoother to play more precise. In black and white with golden tones, it has a new configuration in 14 sides.
ANG Herbert Chapman (1879-1934) A big name in football. At the head of Arsenal, he invented the numbered jerseys, the spikes, use clock timers, dual arbitration, the white ball for night play, youth training, physical preparation of his players. So Arsenal won the Cup in 1930 and became national champion in 1931 and 1933.
Awards
Year
Location
Finale
Score
Petite Final
1930 Uruguay Uruguay beat Argentina 4-2 Argentina beats USA 6-1 1930 -- -- Uruguay beat Yugoslavia 6-1 1934 Italy Italy beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 (aet) Germany beats Austria 3-2 1938 France Italy beats Hungary 4-2 Brazil beats Sweden 4-2 1950 Brazil Uruguay beats Brazil 2-1 Sweden beats Spain 3-1 1954 Switzerland Germany beats Hungary 3-2 Austria beats Uruguay 3-1 1958 Sweden Brazil beats Sweden 5-2 France beats Germany 6-3 1962 Chile Brazil beat Czechoslovakia 3-1 Chile beats Yugoslavia 1-0 1966 England England beat West Germany 4-2 (aet) Portugal beats USSR 2-1 1970 Mexico Brazil beats Italy 4-1 Germany beat Uruguay 1-0 1974 FRG West Germany beat Holland 2-1 Brazil beats Poland 1-0 1978 Argentina Argentina beats Holland 3-1 (aet) Brazil beats Italy 2-1 1982 Spain Italy beats Germany 3-1 France beats Poland 3-2 1986 Mexico Argentina beats Germany 3-2 (aet) France beat Belgium 4-2 1990 Italy Germany beats Argentina 1-0 Italy beats England 2-1 1994 USA Brazil beats Italy 0-0 (pen) Sweden beat Bulgaria 4-0 1998 France France beats Brazil 3-0 Croatia beats Netherlands 2-1 2002 Japan / Korea Brazil beats Germany 2-0 Turkey beat South Korea 3-2 2006 Germany Italy beats France 1-1 (pen) Germany beats Portugal 3-1
Countries finalists World Cup
Played
Won
Blank
Losses
Bp
Bc
Brazil
7
4
1
2
15
9
Germany (and former FRG)
7
3
0
4
11
15
Italy
6
4
1
1
11
9
Argentina
4
2
0
2
8
8
Uruguay
2
2
0
0
6
3
Hungary
2
0
0
2
4
7
Netherlands
2
0
0
2
2
5
Czechoslovakia
2
0
0
2
2
5
England
1
1
0
0
4
2
France
2
1
0
1
4
1
Sweden
1
0
0
1
2
5
The World Cup is now with the Olympics was the biggest celebration of sporting history and one of the most publicized in the world with an audience of over 40 billion for 2002 (record) against 31.7 in 1994 .
Increased traffic on one World Cup: 3 567 415 spectators
Increased traffic on a game : 199 854 spectators at the final between Brazil and Uruguay July 16, 1950 at Maracanã Stadium in Rio.
More bad crowd for a match of World Cup: 300 spectators at Peru Romania in 1930
The major stages of each World Cup
1930: Centenario stadium, Montevideo (90 000 seats) - 1934: Stadio del Partito National, Rome (55 000 seats) - 1938: Colombes stadium, Paris (55 000 seats, currently 20 000) - 1950: Maracanã, Rio (174 000 seats, currently 125 000) - 1954: Wankdorf-Stadion, Berne (60 000 seats) - 1958: Rasunda Stadion, Stockholm (50 000 seats) - 1962: Estadio Nacional, Santiago (60 000 seats, currently 77 700) - 1966: Wembley, London (100 000 seats) - 1970: Estadio Azteca, Mexico (105 000 seats) - 1974: Olympiastadion, Munich (75 000 seats) - 1978: Estadio Monumental de River Plate, Buenos Aires (80 000 seats) - 1982: Santiago Bernabeu, Madrid (90 000 seats) - 1986: Estadio Azteca, Mexico (115 000 seats) - 1990: Stadio Olimpico, Rome (75 000 seats) - 1994: Rose Bowl, Pasadena (95 000 seats) - 1998 Stade de France, Paris Saint-Denis (80 000 seats) - 2002: International Stadium Yokohama (70 000 seats) - 2006: Olympiastadion Berlin (70 000 seats)
Statistics nations
- Seven countries have shared the eighteen World Cups played.
- Brazil is the only country to have won 5 editions of the World Cup and the only one to have participated in all phases finals since 1930. In 92 games, he has won 64.
- 9 times out of 18 finals, the country that opened the scoring lost the final. Only the finals of 1994 and 2006 ended on penalties.
- Before 1958, the finals were European in Europe (1934, 38, 54) and U.S. in South America (1930-1950).
- West Germany (or Germany) and Brazil are the countries that have played the most finals (7).
- 9 wins in South America and Europe.
- The South Americans have won nearly all finals having opposed the Europeans (Brazil-Sweden 1958 Brazil Czechoslovakia 1962 Italy-Brazil 1970 Brazil-Italy 1994, Argentina-Holland 1978, Argentina-Germany 1986, Brazil-Italy 1994 Brazil-Germany 2002) but two in 1990 (RFA-Argentina) and 1998 (France-Brazil).
- Two South American countries have played a final on European soil (Brazil in 1958 and 1998, Argentina in 1990).
- Mexico (1970 and 1986), Italy (1934 and 1990) and France (in 1938 and 1998) are the only country to have hosted 2 World Cups.
- The 1990 Cameroon and Senegal in 2002 are the only African country to have qualified for the quarterfinals.
- Six host countries have won the World Cup (Uruguay 1930 Italy 1934 England 1966 West Germany 1974 Argentina 1978 and France 1998).
- Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only countries to have won 2 consecutive titles.
- Spain in 1982, the U.S. in 1994 and Japan in 2002 are the only host countries not to have qualified for the quarterfinals.
- Uruguay, winner in 1930, did not participate in the World Cup next.
- Hungary in 1954 is the team that scored the most goals in finals: 27.
- Since 1974, the defending champion dispute the opening match (previously was the host country).
- Germany, in 1994, is the first defending champion to win the opening match.
- Since 1974, 3 defending champions have lost the opening match: Argentina in 1982 (against Belgium 0-1) and 1990 (against Cameroon 0-1) and France in 2002 (against Senegal 0 -- 1).
- The first game after having completed extension is the match Austria-France in 1934. In total, 47 matches have gone to the extensions.
- The first game to have completed the penalty shootout is the match Germany-France in 1982. A total of 20 games went down to penalty kicks.
- The first game to have completed by the golden goal was the game France-Paraguay in 1998. A total of 4 games ended with the Golden Goal.
- 3 final stages were grouped 32 countries (France 1998 Korea / Japan 2002 and Germany 2006).
- 4 final stages were grouped 24 countries (Spain 1982, Mexico 1986, Italy 1990, USA 1994).
- 9 final stages were grouped 16 countries.
- 2 final rounds were grouped 13 countries (Uruguay 1930, Brazil 1950).
- 69 countries have participated in at least one finals.
- Uruguay in 1930 (4 games), Italy in 1938 (4 games), Brazil in 1970 (6 games) and 2002 (7 games) are the only countries to have won all their finals matches.
- The record for consecutive wins is held by Italy (straddling the editions of 1934 and 1938) and Brazil (in 2002) with 7 games.
- South Korea is the first Asian country to participate in the ¼ finals (in 2002).
- Only 2 defending champions were eliminated in the 1st round of the next edition: Brazil in 1966 and France in 2002.
- La France in 2002 is the only defending champion not to win a game in the next edition.
- La France in 2002 is the only defending champion not to score a goal in the next edition.
- The record cards distributed by an arbitrator (Ivanov RUS) took place during the match Portugal-Netherlands in 2006: 12 yellow cards and 4 red cards. Then come the referee Lopez Nieto during the match between Germany and Cameroon in 2002: 16 yellow cards (2 of which were converted into red, 8 for Cameroon, 8 in Germany).
- Germany, since 1954, is the only nation to have reached at least the quarter-finals, 13 times out of 13 consecutively.
- 12 teams have been eliminated without losing a match: Scotland (3 matches) in 1974, Brazil (7 matches) in 1978, Cameroon (3 matches) in 1982, England (5 matches) in 1982, Brazil (5 matches) in 1986, Italy (7 matches) in 1990, England (6 matches) in 1990, Belgium (3 matches) in 1998, Italy (5 matches) in 1998, the Netherlands Netherlands (6 matches) in 1998, Eire (4 matches) in 2002 and Spain (5 matches) in 2002
NB: Italy (in 1990 and 1998), Eire (2002) and Spain (in 2002) we lost a match on penalties
Country Winners
5 - Brazil (1958, 62, 70, 94 and 2002)
4 - Italy (1934, 38, 82 and 2006)
3 - Germany (1954, 74, 90)
2 - Uruguay (1930, 50) and Argentina (1978 86)
1 - England (1966)
Country Finalists
7 - Brazil (1950, 58, 62, 70, 94, 98 and 2002), Germany / Germany (1954, 66, 74, 82, 86, 90 and 2002)
5 - Italy (1934, 38, 70, 82, 94 and 2006)
4 - Argentina (1930, 78, 86, 90)
2 - Uruguay (1930, 50), Czechoslovakia (1934, 62), Hungary (1938, 54), Netherlands (1974, 78) and France (1998 and 2006)
1 - Sweden (1958) and England (1966)
Most entries
18 - Brazil
16 - Germany / West Germany and Italy
14 - Argentina
13 - Mexico
12 - England, Spain and France
11 - Belgium and Uruguay
10 - Sweden
Number of final stages
Nations Winner Finalist ½end. Brazil 5 7 10 FRG 3 7 11 Italy 4 6 8 Argentina 2 4 4 Uruguay 2 2 4 France 1 2 5 England 1 1 2 Netherlands -- 2 3 Czechoslovakia -- 2 2 Hungary -- 2 2 Sweden -- 1 4 Poland -- -- 2 Yugoslavia -- -- 2 Austria -- -- 2 Portugal -- -- 2 Belgium -- -- 1 Chile -- -- 1 USSR -- -- 1 Spain -- -- 1 United States -- -- 1 Bulgaria -- -- 1 Croatia -- -- 1 Turkey -- -- 1 South Korea -- -- 1
Large numbers of semi-finals played
11 - Germany / Germany (1934, 54, 58, 66, 70, 74, 82, 86, 90, 2002 and 2006)
Greatest number of matches played
92 by Brazil and Germany, 77 Italy, 65 Argentina)
Greatest number of wins: 64 by Brazil
Greater number of goals scored
201 by Brazil
Greater number of goals scored in a single World Cup
27 by Hungary in 5 games in 1954
The greatest difference in goals in the final
3 - Brazil against Sweden in 1958 (5-2) - Brazil against Italy in 1970 (4-1)
France against Brazil in 1998 (3-0).
Large number of consecutive wins
11 by Brazil between 2002 (riding on the editions of 2002, 2-1 against Turkey, and 2006, 3-0 to Ghana) and 7 by Italy (straddling the editions of 1934 and 1938) .
Large number of consecutive games without defeat: 13 by Brazil between 1958 (3-0 against Austria) and 1966 (2-0 to Bulgaria).
Large number of consecutive games with at least one goal scored
18 by Brazil (from 1930 to 1958) and Germany (from 1934 to 1958)
Large number of consecutive games without conceding a goal
5 by Italy (1990)
Most losses: 22 in Mexico
More games played between two countries: 7 between Brazil and Sweden (1938, 1950, 1958, 1978, 1990 and 2 in 1994).
The biggest scores in finals
1982: Hungary-El Salvador: 10 to 1
1954 Korea-Hungary: 9 to 0
1974: Yugoslavia Zaire: 9 to 0
1938: Sweden, Cuba: 8 to 0
1950: Bolivia-Uruguay: 8 to 0
2002: Germany-Saudi Arabia: 8 to 0
1954: Turkey-Korea: 7 to 0
1954: Uruguay, Scotland: 7 to 0
1974: Poland-Haiti: 7 to 0
Seven nations have never scored a single goal: Canada, Greece, Australia, China, Zaire, the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and Trinidad and Tobago
The biggest scores knockout stage
31 goals: Australia beat American Samoa: 31-0 (2002)
22 goals: Australia beat Tonga: 22-0 (2002)
19 goals: Iran defeated Guam 19-0 (2002)
16 goals: Tajikistan beat Guam 19-0 (2002)
13 goals: Fiji beat American Samoa: 13-0 (2002)
12 goals: Syria bt Philippines: 12-0 (2002); Oman beat Laos: 12-0 (2002); UAE bt Brunei: 12-0 (2002)
11 goals: Belgium beat San Marino 10-1 (2002); Syria beats Laos: 11-0 (2002), China beat Maldives: 10-1 (2002); Australia beats
The big surprise of the World Cup
United States - English: 1 to 0 (1950); North Korea - Italy 1 to 0 (1966); GDR - Germany: 1 to 0 (1974), Algeria - Germany: 2 to 1 (1982); Morocco -- Portugal: 3 to 1 (1986); Cameroon - Argentina 1 0 (1990), Costa Rica - Scotland 1 through 0 (1990); Cameroon - Romania: 2 to 1 (1990), Costa Rica - Sweden: 2 to 1 (1990), South Korea - Spain: 2 to 2 (1994), Nigeria - Bulgaria 3 0 (1994) USA - Colombia: 2 to 1 (1994); Saudi Arabia - Belgium: 1 to 0 (1994) Norway - Brazil: 2 to 1 (1998); Morocco - Scotland: 3 to 0 (1998), South Korea-Portugal: 1 to 0 (2002), South Korea - Italy: 1 to 0 goal Gold (2002) USA-Portugal: 3 to 2 (2002).
By Nation Records in an edition of World Cup:
- Number of victories: 7 by Brazil in 2002
- Number of goals: 27 by Hungary in 1954
- Number of goals conceded: 0 by Switzerland in 2006
Players Statistics
- Six players have played the World Cup for two different countries: Luis Monti (Argentina 1930 and Italy 1934), Jose Santamaria (Uruguay 1954 and Spain 1962), Ferenc Puskas (Hungary 1954 and Spain 1962), Jose Altafini (Brazil 1958 Italy 1962), Robert Jarni and Robert Prosinecki (Yugoslavia 1990 Croatia 1998).
- Only player who played two finals in two different countries: Luis Monti with Argentina in 1930 and to Uruguay in 1934.
- Only two European players have won two World Cup: Italians Giovanni Ferrari and Giuseppe Meazza with Italy in 1934 and 1938.
- 4 penalties were scored in the final: Paul Breitner Germany and Johan Neeskens HOL in 1974, Andreas Brehme ALL in 1990, Zinedine Zidane FRA in 2006.
- 219 players have won the WorldCup.
- 399 players have played at least one final.
- 52 players have played 2 finals.
- 1 player has played 3 finals.
- 63 players have scored in the final.
Family Stories
Two pairs of brothers have won a final:
Fritz and Ottmar Walter ALL in 1954, Bobby and Jacky Charlton ANG in 1966. Fritz and Ottmar Walter have each recorded two goals in the semi-final against Austria!
Two twin brothers scored in the final:
Rene and Willy van der Kerkhof each scoring a goal in the final in 1978.
Two pairs of brothers have lost a final:
Willy and Rene van de Kerkhof HOL in 1978, Bernd and Karl-Heinz Forster Germany in 1982.
A pair of brothers was a janitor in the same team:
Viktor and Vyacheslav Chanov USSR in 1982.
Nine couples father son have played the World Cup:
Mexicans Vantolra Martin in 1934 and his son Jose in 1970, Mario Perez Sr. in 1950 and his son Mario Jr. in 1970, Brazilians Domingos Da Guia in 1938 and his son Ademir in 1974, the Spaniards Vicente Asensi and 1950 and Juan Manuel son in 1978, Manuel Sanchis Sr. in 1966 and his son Manuel Jr. in 1990, the Italian Cesare Maldini in 1962 and his son Paolo in 1990, 1994 and 1998, the Swedes Anders Linderoth in 1978 and his son Tobias in 2002 , the South Korean Cha Bum-Kun in 1986 and his son Cha Doo-Ri in 2002, and the French Roger Rio in 1934 and his son Patrick in 1978, Jean Djorkaeff in 1966 and his son Yuri in 1998 and 2002.
A father son pair played the final:
The Brazilian defender Domingas da Guia in 1938 and his son, midfielder Ademir da Guia in 1974.
The Swede Erik Nilsson and Alfred Bickel of Switzerland are the only two players to have played the finals before and after the Second World War in 1938 and 1950!
Regardingreplacements, introduced for the first time in 1970:
- The first took place in 1970 during the match USSR and Mexico when the Soviet Anatoly Pusatch replaced Shesterniev.
- Italy's Alessandro Nesta was the player quickly replaced: after only 4 minutes of play against Austria in 1998 by teammate Giuseppe Bergomi.
- Romanian Steve Adamache was the first goalie to be replacedin 1970 against Brazil by Necula Raducanu.
Fourteen players scored in two sessions penalties (no player in three sessions): - Pierre Littbarski (FRG) against France in 1982 and Mexico in 1986. - Manuel Amoros (FRA) against West Germany in 1982 and Brazil in 1986. - Andreas Brehme (West Germany) and Lothar Matthäus (Germany) against Mexico in 1986 and England in 1990. - Gheorghe Hagi (ROM) and Lupescu Ion (ROU) against Ireland in 1990 and Sweden in 1994. - Jose Serrizuela (ARG) and Jorge Burruchaga (ARG) against Yugoslavia in 1990 and Italy in 1990. - Dunga (BRA) against Italy in 1994 and the Netherlands in 1998. - Branco (BRA) against France in 1986 and Italy in 1994. - Roberto Baggio (ITA) against Argentina in 1990 and France in 1998. - Fernando Hierro (ESP) and Ruben Baraja (ESP) in 2002 against Ireland and South Korea in 2002.
Unreleased
- Brazilian Jairzinho is the only player to have scored in every game during the finals including the final in 1970.
- With 3 goals in 6 minutes (70th, 74th and 77th minute), Hungary's Laszlo Kiss is the author of tripling the fastest in history (against El Salvador in 1982).
- The Croatian Robert Prosinecki is the only player to have scored for 2 different countries for Yugoslavia in 1990 (against United States) and Croatia in 1998 (against Jamaica).
- The Englishman Peter Shilton was the goalie playing the most matches without conceding a goal (10 games in the editions of 1982, 1986 and 1990).
- The Italian Walter Zenga is the guardian to have kept clean sheets most consecutive minutes (6 games): 518 minutes in 1990. The series ended when Argentina's Claudio Caniggia scored in the semifinal.
- Germany's Harald Schumacher (1982 and 1986) and Argentina's Sergio Goycoechea (1990) are the stewards to have stopped the most shots on goal: 4.
- The Argentinian Claudio Caniggia in 2002 is the first player sent off when he was on the bench.
The only player to have won three World Cups was Pele in 1958, 1962 (without playing the final) and 1970 with Brazil.
The only player to have played three finals is the Brazilian Cafu, 1994 (Victory, 1998 (lost) and 2002 (won).
The only player to score in two finals in a row is the Brazilian Cafu (2 in 1958 and 1 in 1962).
The youngest winner is the Brazilian Pele (17 years and 249 days in 1958).
The oldest winner was Italy's Dino Zoff (40 years and 133 days in 1982). French side: Fabien Barthez (35 against Italy in 2006).
The younger players are Brazilian Edu (16 years and 11 months against Bulgaria in 1966) and Northern Ireland Norman Whiteside (17 years and 41 days against Yugoslavia in 1982). French side: Bruno Bellone (20 years and 3 months cpntre Poland in 1982).
The oldest player is Cameroon's Roger Milla (42 years and 39 days in 1994).
The youngest player in the qualifying match is the Togolese Souleymane Mamam (alternate) to 13 years and 10 months in May 2001 against Zambia.
The youngest scorer is the Brazilian Pele (17 years and 239 days in 1958).
The oldest goalscorer is Cameroon's Roger Milla (42 years and 39 days in 1994).
The younger the confrontation took place between teams from Brazil and Yugoslavia in 1930. Average age: 21 years and 258 days.
The older the confrontation took place between Iran and Germany in 1998. Average age: 31 years and 345 days.
Multiple winners of World Cup
3 times: Pele BRE in 1958, 1962 and 1970
2 times: Ferrari, Massetti, Meazza and Monzeglio ITA in 1934 and 1938; Bellini, Castilho, Didi, Djalma Santos, Garrincha, Gilmar, Mauro, Nilton Santos, Pepe, Vava, Zagallo, Zito Zózimo BRE in 1958 and 1962; Passarella ARG in 1978 and 1986, Cafu and Ronaldo BRE in 1994 and 2002.
They have played several World Cups:
5 times - Carbajal (Mexico: 1950, 54, 58, 62, 66) and Matthäus (Germany: 1982, 86, 90, 94, 98).
4 times - Pele (Brazil: 1958, 62, 66, 70), D. Santos (Brazil: 1954, 58, 62, 66), Schnellinger and Seeler (Germany: 1958, 62, 66, 70), Maradona (Argentina: 1982, 86, 90, 94), Rivera (Italy: 1962, 66, 70 , 74), Rocha (Uruguay: 1962, 66, 70, 74), Scifo and F. van der Elst (Belgium: 1986, 90, 94, 98), Zubizarreta (Spain: 1986, 90, 94, 98), Bergomi (Italy: 1982, 86, 90, 98), Zmuda (Poland: 1974, 78, 82 , 86), Hong Myung-Bo (South Korea: 1990, 94, 98 and 2002), P. Maldini (Italy: 1990, 94, 98 and 2002)
3 times - Hassler, Klinsmann, Kohler, Möller (Germany), Butcher, B. Charlton, Finney, B. Moore, Robson, Shilton, B. Wright (England), Al Deayea, Al Jaber (Saudi Arabia), Batistuta, Chamot, Fillol, Kempes, Ortega, Ruggeri, Simeone (Argentina), Ceulemans, M. Wolf, Grun, Gerets, Staelens, Wilmots (Belgium) Bebeto, Cafu, Didi, Dirceu, Dunga, Garrincha, Gilmar, Jairzinho, Rivelino, N. Santos, Taffarel, Zico (Brazil), Asparuhov, Dermendiev, Zhechev, Kolev, Yakimov (Bulgaria), Kalla, Milla, Omam-Biyik, Song (Cameroon), Rincon, Valderrama (Colombia), Hwang Seon-hong, Joo-Sung (South Korea), Dalglish, Jordan, Leighton, Souness (Scotland), Staunton (Eire), Alkorta, Hierro, Luis Enrique, Nadal, J. Salinas (Spain), Winter (Holland), Grosics, Matra, Sipos (Hungary), R. Baggio, Burgnich, Cabrini, Facchetti, Mazzola, Scirea, Zoff (Italy), Cardenas, Del Muro, Garcia Aspe, Reyes (Mexico), Okocha (Nigeria), Cubillas (Peru), Boniek, Lato, Szarmach (Poland), Beckenbauer , Haller, Höttges, Littbarski, Maier, Overath, KH Rummenigge, Schaefer, Schultz, Vogts, Voller (Germany), Dumitrescu, Hagi, Kovacs, G. Popescu (Romania), Hellstroem, B. Larsson, Nordqvist (Sweden), Bessonov, Dassaev, Demianenko Yashin (USSR), Andrade, Cubilla, Mazurkiewicz, Rocha (Uruguay), C. Jones, Ramos, Stewart, Wynalda (USA), Jarni, Prosinecki (Yugoslavia and Croatia).
They played as many matches:
25 - Matthaus (West Germany and Germany)
23 - P. Maldini (Italy)
21 - Seeler (Germany and West Germany), Maradona (Argentina), Zmuda (Poland)
20 - Lato (Poland)
19 - Overath, Rummenigge, Vogts (Germany)
18 - Kempes (Argentina), Cabrini, Scirea (Italy), Beckenbauer, Littbarski, Berthold Maier (Germany and West Germany), Dunga and Taffarel (Brazil)
17 - Schnellinger and Klinsmann (Germany and West Germany), Shilton (England), Zoff (Italy), Scifo (Belgium)
16 - Ceulemans (Belgium), and Jairzinho Cafu (Brazil), Hong Myung-Bo (South Korea), Boniek (Poland), Zubizarreta (Spain), R. Baggio and Bergomi (Italy)
15 - Didi, N. Santos, Bebeto (Brazil), Schaefer (Germany)
Players who played the most minutes
2 217 minutes: Paolo Maldini (ITA) in 23 games
2 212 minutes: Lothar Matthäus (GER) in 25 games
1 980 minutes: Uwa Seeler (GER) in 21 games
1 950 minutes: Diego Maradona (ARG) in 21 games
1 883 minutes: Wladyslaw Zmuda (POL) in 21 games
Players with the greatest number of boxes (yellow, 2 yellow and red)
- Zinedine Zidane FRA: 4 yellow and 2 red in 12 games (1998, 2002 and 2006)
- Eddie Pope USA: 5 yellow and 1 red in 9 games (1998, 2002 and 2006)
- Stefan Schwarz SWE: 5 yellow and 1 red in 9 games (1990 and 1994)
- Dario Simic CRO: 5 yellow and 1 red in 11 games (1998, 2002 and 2006)
- Cafu BRE: 6 yellows in 20 games (1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006)
Statistical purposes (1930-2006)
966 players have scored at least one goal in World Cup
708 matches were played in the finals since the inception of the WorldCup.
2063 goals were scored in the final phase.
124 goals were scored from the penalty spot.
34 players have scored a goal against their camps.
First goal in World Cup: Lucien Laurent FRA July 13, 1930 in the 19th minute against Mexico.
First penalty: Manuel Rosas Rocquettes MEX July 19, 1930 against Argentina.
First goal from the penalty spot in a final: Johan Neeskens HOL July 7, 1974 against Germany.
First Penalty missed: Valdemar de Brito BRE against Spain in 1934.
First overtime goal: Anton Schall TUE May 27, 1934 against France.
More penalties in the final phase: 4 by Eusebio POR in 1966 and by Robbie Rensebrink HOL in 1978.
Fastest Goals: Hakan Sükür TUR 11 seconds after launch in 2002 against South Korea, Vaclav Masek TCH at 15 seconds in 1962 against Mexico and the ANG Brian Robson at the 27th second in 1982 against France.
But French Fastest Emile Veinante FRA 40 seconds after kick off June 5, 1938 against Belgium.
First goal against his camp: Ernst Lörtscher SUI June 9, 1938 against Germany.
First goal of replacing Juan Basaguren MEX June 7, 1970 against El Salvador.
First tripled (hat-trick): Guillermo Stabile ARG July 19, 1930 against Mexico (6-3 win)
First tripled by replacing: Laszlo Kiss HON June 15, 1982 against El Salvador
'Hat-trick' in two editions: Gabriel Batistuta ARG in 1994 against Greece and in 1998 against Jamaica.
First golden goal: Laurent Blanc FRA 2nd round after 113 minutes against Paraguay on June 28, 1998
- The fastest goal in a home opener was scored by Brazilian Cesar Sampaio against Scotland in 1998 at the 4th minute.
- The fastest goal in the final was scored by Johan Neeskens HOL in 1974 against Germany in the first minute.
- The only player who scored a goal followed by a goal in his side during a single game is Dutch Ernie Brandts in the 2nd round against Italy in 1978 (2-1 for the Netherlands).
They scored as many goals
15 - Ronaldo BRE (4 in 1998, 8 in 2002, 3 in 2006)
14 - Gerd Müller FRG (10 in 1970, 4 in 1974).
13 - Just Fontaine FRA (13 in 1958).
12 - Pele BRE (6 in 1958, 1 in 1962, 1 in 1966, 4 in 1970)
11 - Sandor Kocsis HON (1954) and Jürgen Klinsmann ALL (1990, 1994 and 1998).
10 - Gary Lineker ANG (1986 and 1990), Teofilo Cubillas PER (1970 and 1978), Grzegorz Lato POL (1974, 1978 and 1982) West Germany Helmut Rahn (1954 and 1958), Gabriel Batistuta ARG (1994, 1998 and 2002) .
9 - Ademir, Jairzinho, Leonidas and Vava BRE, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, Uwe Seeler and Miroslav Klose ALL, Eusebio POR, Paolo Rossi, Christian Vieri and Roberto Baggio ITA.
He scored as many goals in the final:
3 - Hurst (ENG) in 1966 against Germany.
A player has played in three finals
Cafu BRE in 1994, 1998 and2002.
They played two finals:
Argentina: Burruchaga, Maradona, Ruggieri (1986 and 1990), Monti (1930 and Argentina in 1934 with Italy).
Brazil: Didi, Garrincha, Gilmar, D. and N. Santos, Vava, Zagallo, Zito (1958 and 1962), Pele (1958 and 1970); Aldair, Bebeto, Dunga, Taffarel (1994 and 1998), Denilson, Rivaldo, Roberto Carlos and Ronaldo (1998 and 2002).
France: Zidane, Thuram, Vieira, Barthez and Henry (1998 and 2006)
Netherlands: Haan, Jansen, Jongbloed, Krol, Neeskens, Rensenbrinck, Rep, Suurbier, R. Van De Kerkhof (1974 and 1978)
Italy: Ferrari, Meazza (1934 and 1938)
FRG: Breitner (1974 and 1982), Briegel, KH Förster, KH Rummenigge, Schumacher (1982 and 1986), Littbarski (1982 and 1990), Berthold, Brehme, Matthäus, Voller (1986 and 1990)
Note: Pele could play the final in 1962 (injury), Matthäus Final 1982 Littbarski the finals of 1986 and Ronaldo Final 1994 (alternate).
- Players who played the most minutes in the final:
279 minutes: Cafu (Brazil) in 3 finals
210 minutes: Monti (Argentina and Italy), Aldair, Bebeto, Dunga, Taffarel (Brazil), Haan, Jongbloed, Krol, Neeskens (Holland), Ferrari, Meazza
They won twofinals:
· Brazil: Didi, Garrincha, Gilmar, D. Santos, N. Santos, Vava, Zagallo, Zito (1958-1962), Pele (1958-1970), Cafu (1994-2002).
· Italy: Ferrari, Meazza (1934-938)
Note: In 1994, Ronaldo was part of the squad, he did not play the final. (207 j
They scored in the final:
3 - Hurst (England), Pele, Vava (Brazil), Zidane (FRA)
2 - Kempes (Argentina), Colaussi, Piola (Italy), Breitner, Rahn (West Germany), Ronaldo (Brazil)
(52 players in a goal).
They scored in two different end:
BRE Vava and Pele BRE in 1958 and 1962, Pele BRE in 1958 and 1970,
Paul Breitner Germany in 1974 and 1982, Zinedine Zidane FRA in 1998 and 2006.
They scored more goals in one final:
3 - Geoff Hurst (ENG) against Germany (1966)
2 - Gino Colaussi and Silvio Piola (ITA) against Hungary (1938);
Helmut Rahn (GER) against Hungary (1954)
Pele and Vava (BRA) against Sweden (1958)
Mario Kempes (ARG) against Holland (1978)
Zinedine Zidane (FRA) against Brazil (1998)
Ronaldo (BRA) against Germany (2002)
They scored a penalty in the final:
1 - Johan Neeskens (NED) in 1974 (the fastest goal scored in a final in the 1st minute), Paul Breitner (GER) in 1974 and Andreas Brehme (GER) in 1990, Zidane (FRA) in 2006.
They scored the first goal of each World Cup:
1930: Lucien Laurent (FRA) against Mexico - 1934: Ernesto Belis (ARG) against Sweden - 1938: Josef Gauchel (ALL) against Switzerland - 1950: Ademir (BRA) against Mexico - 1954: Bora Milutinovic (YOU) cons of France - 1958: Orestes Corbatta (ARG) against Germany - 1962: Hector Facundo (ARG) against Bulgaria - in 1966: Pelé (BRA) against Bulgaria - in 1970: Dermendjev Dinko (BUL) against Peru - 1974: Paul Breitner (Germany) against Chile -1978: Bernard Lacombe (FRA) against Italy - 1982: Erwin Van Den Bergh (NZL) against Argentina - 1986: Alessandro Altobelli (ITA) against Bulgaria - 1990: Francois Omam - Biyik (CAM) against Argentina - 1994: Jürgen Klinsmann (GER) against Bolivia - 1998: Sampaio (BRA) against Scotland - 2002: Bouba Diop (SEN) against France - 2006: Philipp Lahm (GER) cons Costa Rica
They scored the last goal of each World Cup:
1930: Héctor Castro (URU) against Argentina - 1934: Angelo Schiavio (ITA) against Czechoslovakia - 1938: Silvio Piola (ITA) against Hungary - 1950: Alcides Ghiggia (URU) against Brazil - 1954: Helmut Rahn ( ALL) against Hungary - 1958: Pelé (BRA) against Sweden - 1962: Vava (BRA) against Czechoslovakia - 1966: Geoff Hurst (ENG) against Germany - 1970: Carlos Alberto (Brazil) against Italy -- 1974: Gerd Muller (FRG) against Holland - 1978: Daniel Bertoni (ARG) against Holland - 1982: Paul Breitner (Germany) against Italy - 1986: Burruchaga (ARG) against Germany - 1990: Andreas Brehme (West Germany ) against Argentina - 1994: Kennet Andersson (SWE) against Bulgaria - 1998: Emmanuel Petit (FRA) against Brazil - 2002: Ronaldo (BRA) against Germany - 2006: Marco Materazzi (ITA
They scored goals that were scored:
1st goal: Lucien Laurent (FRA) against Mexico (1930) 4-1 - 100th Angelo Schiavio (ITA) against the United States (1934) 7-1 - 200th: Tore Keller (SWE) against Cuba (1938) 8 -0 - 300th: Chico (BRA) against Spain (1950) 6-1 - 400th: Maximilian Morlock (GER) against Turkey (1954) 7-2 - 500th: Robert Collins (ECO) against Paraguay (1958) 3-2 - 600th: Drazen Jerkovic (YOU) against Uruguay (1962) 3-1 - 700th Park Seung-Zin (CDN) against Chile (1966) 1-1 - 800th: Gerhard Müller (FRG) against Bulgaria (1970) 5-2 - 900th Hector Yazalde (ARG) cons Haiti (1974) 4-1 - 1000th: Robbie Rensenbrinck (HOL) against Scotland (1978) 3-2 - 1100th Sergei Baltacha (USSR) cons New Zealand (1982) 3-2 - 1200th: Jean-Pierre Papin (FRA) against Canada (1986) 1-0 -1300th: Gary Lineker (ENG) against Paraguay (1986) 3-0 - 1400th Johnny Ekström (SWE) against Costa Rica (1990) 1-2 - 1500th: Claudio Caniggia (ARG) against Nigeria (1994) 4-0 - 1600th: Pierre Issa (AFS) cons his camp for France (1998) 0 -- 3 - 1700th: Slobodan Komljenovic (YOU) against the United States (1998) 1-0. - 1800th: Beto (POR) against the U.S. (2002) 2-3 - 1900th: Christian Vieri (ITA) against South Korea (2002) 1-2. - 2000th: Marcus Allbäck (SWE) against England (2006) 2-2.
They scored more goals in a game:
5 - Oleg Salenko (RUS) against Cameroon (1994)
4 - Leonidas (BRA) against Poland (1938)
Ernst Willimowski (POL) against Brazil (1938)
Gustav Wetterström (SWE) against Cuba (1938)
Ademir (BRA) against Sweden (1950)
Juan Schiaffino (URU) against Bolivia in 1950
Sandor Kocsis (HON) against Germany (1954)
Just Fontaine (FRA) against Germany (1958)
Eusebio (POR) against North Korea (1966)
Emilio Butragueño (ESP) against Denmark (1986)
(36 players with 3 goals in 4 have done 2 times: Sandor Kocsis (HON), Just Fontaine (FRA), Gerd Müller (Germany) and Gabriel Batistuta (ARG)
Best goals against average per game:
4.0 - Ernest Willimowski POL 1938 (4 goals in 1 game)
2.2 - Sandor Kocsis HUN 1954 (11 goals eb 5 matches)
2.2 - Just Fontaine FRA 1958 (13 goals in 6 games)
2.0 - Fawzi Abdel EGY 1934 (2 goals in 1 game)
The 4 goals the fastest
· 11 seconds to play by Hakan Sükür TUR against South Korea in 2002.
· 15 seconds by TCH Vaclav Masek against Mexico in 1962.
· 27 seconds by Bryan Robson ANG cons of France in 1982.
· 38 seconds by Bernard Lacombe FRA against Italy in 1978.
The goal marked the later
David Platt ANG in the 2nd round against Belgium after 119 minutes in 1990.
Most goals in a final:
5 in 1958 by Brazil
They scored in several editions 4 goals: Pele (BRA) 1958, 1962, 1966 and 1970 Uwe Seeler (GER) in 1958, 1962, 1966 and 1970
Statistics cartons
143 red cards (deportations before 1970) were distributed in the history of the WorldCup.
- The first player sent off is the Peruvian Mario de las Casas (captain), at the Peru-Romania match in 1930.
- The first red cardwas distributed e Chilean Carlos Caszely during the match against West Germany in 1974.
- The player quickly expelled is Uruguayan Jose Batista, 56 seconds after playing in Scotland-Uruguay in the first round in 1986.
- The first goalkeeper expelled was the Italian Gianluca Pagliuca during the match Italy-Norway in 1994.
- The first player sent off in the final was Argentina's Pedro Monzon in 1990. His teammate Gustavo Dezotti was also dismissed in the final. Marcel Desailly was another player sent off in finals: in 1998 against Brazil.
- One player was expelled twice: Cameroon's Rigobert Song in 1994 against Brazil and in 1998 against Chile.
- The first French expelled in the World Cup was Zinedine Zidane, against Saudi Arabia in 1998.
- The first player to receive a yellow card is Evgeny Lovchev USSR during the opening match against Mexico in the 1970s.
- The player quickly warned is the Russian Sergei Gorlukovich, after 1 minute of play in Russia-Sweden in 1994.
- The replacement as quickly expelled is the Bolivian Marco Etcheverry, after 1 minute of play arch Germany in 1994.
More red cards / expulsions 1930-2006
10 - Argentina 9 - Brazil 7 - Cameroon 6 - Uruguay, Germany, Mexico, Italy, Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia), Netherlands 5 - Hungary, France, 4-United States, Portugal 3 - USSR, Denmark, Bulgaria, Sweden, England 2 - Yugoslavia, Chile, Bolivia, Belgium, Australia, Paraguay, Turkey, South Korea, Serbia Montenegro, Croatia 1 - Romania, Austria, Spain, Peru, Arab Emirates, Honduras, Northern Ireland, Canada, Iraq, Scotland, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, China, Senegal, Slovenia, Croatia, Jamaica, Zaire, Poland, Trinidad and Tobago, Ivory Coast, Angola, Tunisia, Togo, Ukraine, Ghana
More red cards by edition
1930: Uruguay 1
1934: Italy 1
1938: France 4
1950: Brazil 0
1954: Switzerland 3
1958: Sweden 3
1962: Chile 6
1966: England 5
1970: Mexico 0
1974: RFA 5
1978: Argentina 3
1982: Spain 5
1986: Mexico 8
1990: Italy 16
1994: USA 15
1998: France 22
2002: Korea / Japan 17
2006: Germany 28
More red cards in one match
1938: Brazil and Czechoslovakia (references Procopio, Machado and Riha) 1954: Brazil / Hungary (references N. Santos, and Tozzi Bozsik) 1998: Denmark v South Africa (references Molnar, Wieghorst and Phiri) 2006: Portugal v Netherlands (references Costinha, Deco, Boulahrouz, Van Bronckhorst)
More red cards by teams in World Cup
1990: Argentina (Giusti, Monzon and Dezotti)
1998: France (Zidane, Blanc and Desailly) and Cameroon (Kalla, Song and Etame)
Most goals in a match 12 goals: Austria-Switzerland 7-5 in 1954 11 goals: Brazil v Poland 6-5 in 1938, Hungary / West Germany 8-3 in 1954, Hungary v El Salvador 10-1 in 1982
10 goals: France / By
The games in penalties
1982: West Germany / France 3-3 (5-4) 1986: France / Brazil 1-1 (4-3), Germany / Mexico 0-0 (4-1), Belgium v Spain 1-1 5-4) 1990: Ireland v Romania 0-0 (5-4), Argentina / Yugoslavia 0-0 (3-2) Argentina v Italy 1-1 (4-3); RFA/Angleterre1-1 (4-3) 1994: Bulgaria / Mexico 1-1 (3-1) Sweden v Romania 2-2 (5-4), Brazil v Italy 0-0 (3-2) 1998: Argentina / England 2-2 (4-3) France v Italy 0-0 (4-3), Brazil v Netherlands 1-1 (4-2) 2002: Spain v Ireland 1-1 (3-2), South Korea v Spain 0-0 (5-3)
Record: 20 boxes distributed in a single game: 16 yellow cards and 4 red in the eighth finals of the World Cup 2006 between Portugal and the Netherlands!
Legendary Footballers
Franco Baresi (8-5-60) ITA. A giant of European football. Won the European Cup champions in 1989, 1990 and 1994 (finalist in 1993 and 1995), 2 Intercontinental Cups (1989 and 1990), 3 European Super Cups and 6 championships in Italy with Milan AC (between 1979 and 1996). Winner of the World Cup in 1982 without playing (2nd in 1994). 81 selections (31 as captain) as libero, and 716 games for Milan (33 goals).
Franz Beckenbauer (11-9-45) FRG. The "Kaiser" for 103 caps and 14 goals, won all the titles: the winner of the World Cup in 1974 (finalist in 1966, semifinalist in 1970) and the European Championship in 1972 (finalist in 1976). 4 times champion of Germany, winner of 4 cups of Germany, the European Cup champions in 1974, 1975, 1976 Cup Winners' Cup in 1967, the Intercontinental Cup in 1976 with Bayern Munich. Also champion Germany in 1982 with Hamburg. 424 Bundesliga matches (44 goals) and 105 league games in the USA (20 goals). European Golden Ball in 1972 and 1976. Conducted as coach of Germany in the final of the World Cup in 1986 and under in 1990.
Bobby Charlton (11-10-37) ANG. A great man of English football. Winner of the World Cup in 1966 (quarter-finalist in 1962 and 1970) and the European Golden Ball this year (2nd in 1967 and 68). Triple champion of England (1957, 1965 and 1967), winner of the FA Cup in 1963 and European Cup champions in 1968 with Manchester United (752 matches and 247 goals). 106 selections and 49 goals (national record).
Johan Cruijff (25-4-47) HOL. A great figure! 10 times National Champion (8 times with Ajax Amsterdam, Feyenoord once with and once with Barcelona in 1974), winner of 6 including 4 National Cup with Ajax. Won the European Cup champions in 1971, 1972 and 1973 with Ajax (finalist in 1969). Finalist of the World Cup in 1974. Elected European Golden Ball in 1971, 1973 and 1974. One of the best players of all time (48 caps and 33 goals, 307 matches and 214 league goals in Holland. 140 matches and 48 goals in La Liga and 53 matches and 25 goals in the USA). Former coach of Ajax Amsterdam (winner of 2 cups of Holland and the Cup Winners 'Cup in 1987) and Barcelona (4 times champion of Spain, who won a Spanish Cup, Cup Winners' Cup in 1989 of the European Cup champions and the European Super Cup in 1992).
Alfredo Di Stefano (4-7-26) ESP. Originally from Argentina. A fabulous track record: 5 Cups European Champions (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960, 2 time finalist and a record of 49 goals), an Intercontinental Cup in 1960 and 8 league titles with Spain Real Madrid between 1954 and 1964 (227 goals in 329 League matches, 5 times top scorer). European Golden Ball in 1957 and 1959 (2nd in 1956). 41 caps (6 Argentina 4 Colombia, 31 Spanish) as a forward, scored 29 goals (6 for the Argentines, 23 for Spain). Champion Argentina in 1945 and 1947 (River Plate) and Colombia in 1949, 1951 and 1952 (Millionaros). Winner of the Copa America in 1947. 1126 matches and 893 goals. As a coach, champion of Spain in 1971 and won the Cup Winners' Cup with Valencia in 1980, triple champion Argentina. Nicknamed "the blond arrow".
Eusebio (Ferreira Da Silva) (5-1-43) POR. The Portuguese magician. Won the European Cup champions in 1962, 10 league titles and 5 Cups with Benfica of Portugal between 1963 and 1975 (291 matches ChampionshipPortugal, 313 goals, 5 times top scorer). 3rd in the World Cup in 1966 where he was top scorer (9 goals). European Golden Ball in 1965 (2nd in 1962 and 1966) and Golden Boot in 1968 and 1973. 76 matches in European Cup (57 goals) with 65 Champions Cup (46 goals). 64 selections as center-forward (41 goals).
Raymond Kopa szewski (said Kopa) (13-10-31) FRA. The glory of French football 50s. 4 championships with France Reims (1953, 1955, 1960 and 1962) and finalist of the European Cup in 1956. Three European Cups (1957, 1958 and 1959) and two Spanish championships (1957 and 1958) with Real Madrid. 3rd in the World Cup in 1958 (voted best player) and Golden Ball this year (2nd in 1959, 3rd in 1956 and 57). 45 caps (18 goals).
Leonidas da Silva (1913-2004) BRE. Legendary figure. It was the greatest Brazilian player before Pele, a great dribbler. 3rd and top scorer in World Cup 1938 (8 goals). 2 times champion and 5 times Rio de Sao Paulo. 21 goals in 19 caps. He is the famous gesture of bicycles, made a flight back to goal to head height. Nicknamed''the black diamond''.
Paolo Maldini (26-6-68) ITA. One of the best defenders in the world. Won the European Cup champions in 1989, 1990, 1994 and 2003 (finalist in 1993, 1995 and 2005), the European Super Cup in 1989, 1990, 1994 and 2003, the Intercontinental Cup in 1989 and 1990 and 7 championships in Italy with AC Milan. Runner-up World Cup 1994 (3rd in 1990) and Euro 2000. European Bronze Ball in 1994 and 2003. 126 appearances (7 goals). Record holder in games played in European Cup (147).
Diego Armando Maradona(30-12-60) ARG. One of the greatest players in history and a living legend in Argentina. World Champion in 1986 (finalist in 1990, 8 goals in 4 participations between 1982 and 1994, 21 matches played). Champion in 1981 in Argentina with Boca Juniors (best South American player in 1979 and 1980). Won the Spanish Cup in 1983 with Barcelona. Italian champion in 1987 and 1990, winning the Italian Cup in 1987 and the UEFA Cup in 1989 with Naples (best scorer of Italy in 1988). 91 selections and 34 goals. Voted best South American player in 1979 and 1980. In August 1997, he scored his 150th league goal from Argentina ($ 50,000 per game in the colors of Boca Juniors). World junior champion in 1979. Accused of doping, he was expelled from the World Cup 94.
Pele (Edson Arantes do Nascimento) (23-10-40) BRE. Twenty-year career for the legendary player, voted player of the century by FIFA in 2000, still the best player of all time. Three times winner of the World Cup (1958, 1962 and 1970), 2 times winner of the Intercontinental Cup and the CopaLibertadores, 8 time champion Sao Paulo (11 times better scorer) with Santos. Champion of the United States in 1977 with Cosmos. 1321 games, 1285 goals (including 127 in 1959), 91 selections (77 goals, Brazilian record).
Michel Platini (21-6-55) FRA. Famous World No. 10, the man with feet of gold impressive record. Winner of the Coupe de France in 1978 with Nancy. Champion of France in 1981 with St Etienne. Italian champion in 1984 and 1986 (top scorer in 1983, 1984 and 1985), winner of the Italian Cup in 1983, the European Cup champions 1985 (finalist in 1983), Cup Winners' Cup and the European Super Cup in 1984, the Intercontinental Cup in 1985 with Juventus. European Champion in 1984 (top scorer with 9 goals), winner of the Intercontinental Cup in 1985, 3rd in the World Cup in 1986 (4th in 1982; 3 participations). 72 selections (50 as captain) and 41 goals (French record). European Golden Ball in 1983, 1984 and 1985. National coach in November 198 to July 1992.
Ferenc Puskás(2-4-27) HON. It is part of the elite. Olympic Champion in 1952 and finalist in the World Cup in 1954 (he took in 1962 with Spain). 4 times champion of Hungary with Honved Budapest. Won the European Cup champions 1960 (finalist in 1963 and 1964), the Intercontinental Cup in 1960, the championship of Spain from 1961 to 1965 and 1967 with Real Madrid (156 goals scored in the Liga, 4 time top scorer). 89 selections (85 for Hungary with a record of 84 goals, 4 for Spain).
Ronaldo Luis Nazario da Lima (22-9-76) BRE. Winner's Cup in Holland in 1996 with PSV Eindhoven (best scorer in 1995). Cup winners' Cup and the Spanish Cup with Barcelona in 1997 (top scorer of the Spanish league in 1997). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1998 with Inter Milan. Winner of the Intercontinental Cup in 2002 and champion of Spain in 2003 with Real Madrid. Winner of the World Cup in 1994 (no games played) and 2002 (top scorer; finalist in 1998 and since 2006 he holds the record for goals scored in World Cup number 15: 3 in 2006, 8 in 2002 and 4 1998) and the Copa America in 1997 and 1999. Bronze medalist at the 1996 Olympics. 96 selections (62 goals). European Golden Ball in 1997 and 2002 (2nd in 1996, 3rd in 1998) and Player of the Year FIFA in 1996, 1997 and 2002.
Paolo Rossi (23-9-56) ITA. A legendary football Alps. Winner of the World Cup in 1982 (top scorer). Ballon d'Or that year. With Juventus, he won the Cup Winners' Cup and European Super Cup in 1984, the Champions Cup and the Intercontinental Cup in 1985, 2 Championships and Coppa Italia. Calcio's top scorer in 1978. 20 goals in 48 caps between 1977 and 1986 as a striker.
Lev Yashin (1929-1990) USSR. Nicknamed 'the guardian of iron' and 'black spider', is a legendary figure. Olympic Champion 1956, European champion in 1960 (finalist in 1964) and 4th in the World Cup in 1966. 5 time champion and winner of 3 USSR Cups with Dynamo Moscow. 79 selections. Regarded as the best goalie of all time, it was the European Golden Ball in 1963 (awarded sole guardian).
Zinedine Zidane (23-6-71) FRA. A magnificent career. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 (2 goals in the final) and vice world champion 2006 (best player in the competition) and champion of Europe in 2000. 108 selections from 1994 to 2006 as a medium (33 goals). Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1996 with Bordeaux. Winner of the Intercontinental Cup in 1996, Italian champion and finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1997 and 1998 with Juventus. In 2001, he signed a 4 year contract to join Real Madrid (transfer record 75 million euros) and won the Champions League, European Supercup and Intercontinental Cup in 2002, the Spanish league in 2003 ( 154 matches and 36 goals in La Liga). 108 matches (82 in C1) and 18 goals in European Cups (14 goals, C1). European Golden Ball in 1998 (Ball 2000 silver) and voted best player in the world by FIFA in 1998, 2000 and 2003. Total: 156 goals in 794 matches.
Dino Zoff (28-2-42) ITA. A great man of the Squadra Azzurra. Winner of the World Cup in 1982 (40 years) and European champion in 1968, it is the only Italian to have managed it twice! He won with Juventus, the UEFA Cup in 1977 (finalist in 1971) and 6 championships in Italy (finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1973 and 1983). 112 selections from 1968 to 1982 (undefeated with selection for 1 143 minutes or almost 13 games).
They scored the World Cup
Claude Abbes (24-5-27) FRA. Gardien champion France in 1957 and won the Coupe de France in 1962 with St Etienne. 3rd in the World Cup in 1958. 9 selections.
Majed Abdullah (11-1-59) ARS. He twice won the Asian Cup of Nations (1984 and 1988). Winner of 5 championships and 3 cups of Saudi Arabia with El Nasr. Three-time Golden Ball Asia. 140 selections from 1978 to 1995 (67 goals). Dubbed the "Desert Pele.
Florian Albert (15-9-41)HON. European Golden Ball in 1967, he finished 3rd in the Olympics 1960. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1965 and 4 championships in Hungary with Ferencvaros. 75 caps as a striker (31 goals).
Demetrio Albertini (23-8-71) ITA. Champion Italy in 1992, 93, 94, 96 and 99, who won the European Cup champions 1994 (finalist in 1993 and 1995) and 3 cups of Italy with AC Milan. Runner-up World Cup 1994 and Euro 2000. 79 caps as a medium.
Aldair Nascimento dos Santos (30-11-65) BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1994 and the Copa America in 1989 and 1997. Champion Brazil in 1987 (Flamengo), Italian champion in 2001 and won the Italian Cup in 1991 with AS Roma. 81 selection as a defender.
Klaus Allofs (8-10-57) ALL. European Champion in 1980 (top scorer in the competition) and a finalist for the World Cup 1986. Winner doubled in 1989 with Marseille. Cup winners 'Cup in 1992 and German champions in 1993 with Werder Bremen (finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1979 with Dusseldorf). Also winner of the Cup of Germany in 1979 and 1980 (Dusseldorf), and 1983 (Cologne). 4 times the best scorer of West Germany (424 matches and 177 goals). 56 caps (17 goals).
Jose Altafini (27-8-38)ITA. Striker, International Brazilian (8 selections) and Italian (6 caps). Winner of the World Cup in 1958. Won the European Cup champions in 1963 and champion of Italy year 1959 and 1962 with AC Milan. Italian champion in 1973 and 1975 with Juventus Turin (finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1973). He scored 216 goals in the Italian league.
Alessandro Altobelli (28-11-55)ITA. Striker, world champion in 1982. Italian champion in 1980 with Inter Milan. 61 caps, 25 goals.
Manuel Amoros (1-2-62)FRA. One of the finest French football ranking: 82 selections (old record, 29 as captain) and 461 games played in 1st Division. Semi-finalist of World Cups 1982 and 1986. European Champion in 1984 and Intercontinental in 1985. 5 times champion of France with Monaco (2 titles) and Marseille (3 titles), winner of the Coupe de France in 1985 with Monaco. Runner-up UEFA Cup Champions in 1991 with the OM.
Jose Leandro Andrade (1898-1957)URU. Olympic Champion in 1924 and 1928 and won the World Cup in 1930 (the first star for a first WorldCup). It was a great midfielder. 41 caps. His nephew was world champion in 1950.
Osvaldo Ardiles (3-8-52) ARG. Winner of the World Cup in 1978 and won the UEFA Cup with Tottenham in 1984. 53 selections like environment.
Klaus Augenthaler (26-9-57)FRG. 7 times champions Germany, who won 3 Cups of Germany and finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1982 with Bayern Munich (404 Bundesliga matches). Winner of the World Cup in 1990. Libero, 27 selections.
Augusto Jose (13-4-37)POR. Won the European Cup champions in 1961 and 1962 (finalist in 1963, 1964 and 1967) and 8 championships with Benfica of Portugal. 3rd in the World Cup in 1966. 45 matches as a right winger.
William Ayache (10-1-61)FRA. Olympic Champion in 1984 and 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. Champion of France in 1980 and 1983 with Nantes, who won the Coupe de France with Montpellier in 1990. 20 caps as a defender.
Dino Baggio (24-7-71)ITA. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1993 with Juventus in 1995 and 1999 with Parma. Finalist of the World Cup in 1994. 60 selections (7 goals) as medium.
Roberto Baggio (18-2-67)ITA. The Italian star of the 1990s. Runner-up World Cup 1994 (3rd in 1990). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1993 (finalist in 1995) and Italian champion in 1995 with Juventus. Italian champion in 1996 with AC Milan. Elected European Golden Ball in 1993 (silver ball in 1994) and Player of the Year FIFA in 1993. 55 appearances (27 goals) as the middle or forward. 196 goals in the Calcio.
Alan Ball (12-5-45) ANG. Winner of the World Cup in 1966. Champion of England in 1970 with Everton. 743 goals in 170 games in D1 English. 72 selections (8 goals).
Gordon Banks (3-10-37)ANG. 73 selections with a title of world champion in 1966. Long considered as the best goalkeeper in the world with the Soviet Lev Yashin
John Barnes (7-11-63)ANG. Champion in 1988 and 1990 and won the FA Cup with Liverpool in 1990. Voted best English player in 1988 and 1989. 310 matches in Division 1 English (84 goals). 79 caps (11 goals) as the middle or forward.
Fabien Barthez (28-6-71) FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2003. Won the European Cup champions in 1993 with Marseille and France champion in 1997 and 2000 with Monaco. Champion of England with Manchester in 2001 and 2003. Guardian, 73 selections.
Gabriel Batistuta (1-2-69)ARG. Winner of the Copa America in 1991 and 1993. Champion in 1990 in Argentina with Boca Juniors. Winner of the Italian Cup in 1996 with Fiorentina and champions Italy in 2001 with AS Roma. Top scorer in the Calcio 1995 (183 goals in 11 seasons). 78 caps and 56 goals (national record)
Joel Bats (4-1-57)FRA. European Champion in 1984 and Intercontinental in 1985. 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. Champion of France in 1986 with PSG. 504 games in D1. Guardian, 50 selections.
Bebeto (Jose Roberto Gama de Oliveira) (16-2-64) BRE. Winner of the Copa America in 1989 and the World Cup in 1994 (2nd in 1998). 2nd Olympic in 1988 (3rd in 1996), world junior champion in 1983 and Golden Ball South American in 1989. 3 time champion Brazil. One of the best strikers in the world. Top scorer in Spain in 1993. 75 caps (39 goals with the Selecao, more than 500 career).
David Beckham (2-5-75)ANG. Winner of the historic triple (Cup, national championship and Champions League) and the Intercontinental Cup with Manchester United in 1999. Champion of England in 1996 (twice), 1997, 2000, 2001 and 2003. 65 caps (13 goals) as medium. European Footballer of money in 1999.
Igor Belanov (20-4-60)USSR. Golden Ball in 1986, winning the Cup Winners' Cup in 1986 and champion of the USSR in 1985 and 1986 with Dynamo Kiev. Finalist with the USSR in the Euro 88. 33 caps (8 goals) as the attacker.
Luiz Bellini Hideraldo (7-6-30) BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1958 and 1962. Champion of Rio in 1952, 1956 and 1958 with Vasco da Gama. 50 caps as a defender.
Bruno Bellone (14-3-62) FRA. European Champion in 1984 and 3rd in the World Cup in 1986 (4th in 1982). Champion of France in 1982 and won the Coupe de France in 1985 with Monaco. 34 selections to the left wing.
Dennis Bergkamp (10-5-69)HOL. Cup winners' Cup in 1987 (finalist in 1988) and the UEFA Cup in 1992 with Ajax (98 goals in the championship Netherlands). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1994 with Inter Milan. Winner doubled in 1998 and 2002, the Cup in 2003 and finalist of the UEFA Cup with Arsenal in 2000 (voted best player of the year 1998 in England). 79 caps as a striker (37 goals). European Footballer of money in 1993. 4th in the World Cup in 1998.
Giuseppe Bergomi (22-12-63) ITA. World champion in 1982 at the age of 18 years and 7 months. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1991 and 1994 (finalist in 1997) and Italian champion in 1989 with Inter Milan. Defender, 81 selections.
Nicola Berti (11-4-67) ITA. Champion Italy in 1989 and won the UEFA Cup in 1991 and 1994 (finalist in 1997) with Inter Milan. Finalist of the World Cup in 1994. 39 selections.
George Best (1946-2005) ILN. Won the European Cup champions in 1968 and the championship of England in 1965 and 1967 with Manchester United. European Ballon d'Or in 1968. 37 caps (9 goals) as the attacker. It was the first real star of world football and above all the British football's most popular history.
Bibard Michel (30-11-58)GBR. Champion of France in 1977, 1980 and 1983 with Nantes in 1986 with PSG. Olympic Champion in 1984 and 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. 6 caps as a defender.
Oliver Bierhoff (1-5-68)ALL. In 1996, when the euro has made the historic double for Germany by scoring two goals in the final against the Republic. Czech volume during play in the 69th minute. Finalist of the World Cup in 2002. Italian champion in 1999 with AC Milan. 69 selections (37 goals) as the attacker.
Laurent Blanc (19-11-65)GBR. European champion hopes in 1988. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 and European champion in 2000. Winner of doubled with Auxerre in 1996, the Coupe de France in 1990 with Montpellier and the Spanish Super Cup with Barcelona in 1996. Champion of England in 2003 with Manchester. Runner-up UEFA Cup with Marseille in 1999. 97 selections (16 goals) and 319 matches in Division 1.
Zvonimir Boban (8-10-68) CRO. 4 times champion of Italy between 1993 and 1999 and winner of the Champions League in 1994 with AC Milan. 3rd in the World Cup in 1998. 51 selections (all as captain) for Croatia, 8 for Yugoslavia, as a medium.
Marco Bode (23-7-69) ALL. Runner-up World Cup 2002 and European champion in 1996. Cup winners' Cup in 1992, the German championship in 1993 and the German Cup in 1991, 1994 and 1999 with Werder Bremen. 39 selections like environment.
Alain Boghossian (27-10-70) FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1999 and Italian Cup in 1999 and 2002 with Parma. 26 caps as a medium.
Rainer Bonhof (29-3-52)FRG. World Champion in 1974 and Europe in 1972 (2nd in 1976). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1975 (finalist in 1973, finalist in the Champions Cup in 1977) and 4 times champion of Germany with Monchengladbach. Cup winners' Cup in 1980 with FC Valencia. 53 selections like environment (9 goals).
Zbigniew Boniek (3-3-56)POL. One of the best Polish player in history. 3 entries in the finals of World Cup (3rd in 1982). With Juventus, he won the European Cup champions and the Intercontinental Cup in 1985, the Italian league, Super Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup in 1984. European Bronze Ball in 1982. 80 selections, 24 goals.
Maxime Bossis (26-6-55)FRA. Defender, former record holder for caps for France (76 between 1976 and 1986). European Champion in 1984. Triple champion France (1977, 1980, 1983) and a Cup of France (1979) with Nantes. He participated in 3 World Cups (4th in 1982 and 3rd in 1986). 502 matches played in Division 1.
Andreas Brehme (9-11-60)ALL. Defender, 86 selections. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 (finalist in 1986). UEFA Euro 92. Champion Germany in 1987 with Bayern (finalist in the Champions Cup). German champions in 1998 with Kaiserslautern. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1991 and champion in 1989 in Italy with Inter Milan. European Bronze Ball in 1990.
Paul Breitner (5-9-51)FRG. Winner of the World Cup in 1974 (finalist in 1982) and European champion in 1972. Won the European Cup champions 1974 (finalist in 1982), 5 times champion of Germany with Bayern Munich. Champion of Spain in 1975 and 1976 with Real Madrid. 48 caps (11 goals).
Guido Buchwald (24-1-61)ALL. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 and vice champion of Europe in 1992. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1989 and German champions in 1984 and 1992 in Stuttgart. 76 selection as a defender.
Jorge Burruchaga (9-10-62)ARG. Winner of the World Cup in 1986 (finalist in 1990). Winner of the Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup with Independiente in 1984. 59 selections (13 goals) as medium.
Emilio Butragueno (
Antonio Cabrini (7-6-59)ITA. A European players the most successful. World Champion in 1982 (4th in 1978). Won the European Cup champions in 1985, Cup Winners' Cup and European Super Cup in 1984 and 6 league titles in Italy with Juventus. 440 matches in the Calcio. 73 caps as a defender.
Cafu (Morais Marco Evangelista) (7-6-70)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1994 and 2002 (finalist in 1998), the Copa America in 1997 and 1999 and a Confederations Cup in 1997. Champion Brazil in 1997 and won the Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup in 1992 and 1993 with Sao Paulo. Italian champion in 2001 with AS Roma and 2004 (AC Milan). Won the European Super Cup and finalist of the Intercontinental Cup in 2003 with AC Milan. 116 selections (5 goals) as a defender. The only player to have played 3 finals WorldCup.
Vincent Candela (24-10-73)GBR. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 and European champion in 2000. Italian champion in 2001 with AS Roma. 40 caps as a defender (2 goals).
Antonio Carbajal (7-6-29) MEX. This is one of 2 players in the world with Matthäus to have participated in 5 World Cups. Guardian, 47 selections.
Carlos Alberto Torres (17-7-47)BRE. 74 selections (9 goals) at right-back and captain of the World champion in 1970.
Causio Franco (1-2-49) ITA. Winner of the World Cup in 1982. He won the UEFA Cup in 1977 and 6 league titles in Italy with Juventus. 63 selections, attacking.
Toninho Cerezo Antonio Carlos (21-4-55)BRE. An exemplary career: 3rd in the World Cup in 1978. Italian champion in 1991 with Sampdoria and won the Italian Cup in 1984 with AS Roma. Finalist of the European Cup champions in 1984 (AS Roma) and 1991 (Sampdoria). Finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1989 with Sampdoria. Winner of the Intercontinental Cup in 1992 and 1993 with Sao Paulo. 57 selections like environment.
Ceulemans Jan (28-2-57)ISL. The largest Belgian footballer. Finalist of the European Championship in 1980 and 4th in the World Cup in 1986 (he also participated in 1982 and 1990, 4 goals). Winner of 3 championships and 2 cups of Belgium with FC Bruges. 3 times voted best Belgian player. 96 selections (national record), 23 goals.
Lionel Charbonnier (25-10-66)GBR. Winner of the Coupe de France in 1994 and doubled in 1996 with Auxerre. Scottish champions in 1999 and 2000 with the Glasgow Rangers. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 (no games played). Selection as a goalkeeper.
Jacky Charlton (8-3-35)ANG. Brother Bobby, he was world champion in 1966. Champion of England, winner of the FA Cup and UEFA Cup in 1968 and 1971 (finalist in 1967) with Leeds. 628 matches in Division 1 English. 35 selections (6 goals) as a defender.
Chilavert Jose Felix (27-7-65)BY. Designated best goalkeeper in the world in 1995, 1997 and 1998. There was also a specialist free kick and penalty (69 goals including 43 penalties).
Grégory Coupet (31-12-72)GBR. Goalkeeper of France (18 caps). Winner of the Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003, the League Cup 2001, Champions Trophy in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Champion of France in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 with Lyon.
Cubillas Teofilio (8-3-49) RIP. One of the great players of Peru, voted best South American soccer in 1972. He participated in three World Cups between 1970 and 1982 (quarter-finalist in 1970) scoring 10 goals, 5 in 1970 and 5 in 1978. Champion of South America in 1974, he joined the American club Fort Lauderdale (65 goals). 81 selections with Peru (26 goals).
Czibor Zoltan (23-8-29) HON. Olympic champion in 1952 and finalist in the World Cup in 1954. Champion of Spain in 1959 and 1960, winning the UEFA Cup with Barcelona in 1960 (finalist in the Champions Cup in 1961). 43 caps (17 goals) as a left winger.
Marcel Desailly (7-9-68)FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003. Won the European Cup champions in 1993 with Marseille. Italian champion in 1994 and 1996, winning the European Cup champions in 1994 with AC Milan (finalist in 1995). Won the European Super Cup in 1994 (Milan) and 1998 (Chelsea). Cup winner with Chelsea in 2000 (finalist in 2002). Finalist of the Intercontinental Cup in 1993 and 1994. Defender, 116 selections (French record) including 41 as captain (3 goals).
Didier Deschamps (15-10-68)GBR. It has the finest French charts. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 and European champion in 2000. Champion of France in 1990 and 1992 and won the European Cup champions in 1993 with Marseille. Italian champion in 1995, 1997 and 1998, winning the European Cup champions, the Intercontinental Cup and European Super Cup in 1996 (finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1997 and 1998; finalist in the UEFA Cup in 1995) with Juventus. Winner of the FA Cup with Chelsea in 2000. Runner-up Champions League with Valencia CF in 2001 (did not play the final). 103 caps (54 as captain, 4 goals) as medium. 88 matches in European Cup (4 goals).
Deyna Kazimierz (1947-1989) POL. Olympic 1972 (2nd in 1976) and 3rd in the World Cup in 1974. Champion of Poland in 1969 and 1970 with Legia Warsaw. 102 appearances (45 goals) as medium.
Dida (Nelson de Jesus Silva) (7-10-73)BRE. Goalkeeper. Winner of the World Cup in 2002, the Copa America in 1999 and the Confederations Cup in 1997. Champion Brazil in 1999. Winner of the Champions League in 2003, the European Supercup in 2003, the Italian league in 2004 with AC Milan. 79sélections with Brazil.
Didi (Waldir Pereira) (1928-2001) BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1958 and 1962 (another contribution in 1954), he was part of the great Brazilian team. 4 times champion Rio (1 title with Fluminense, Botafogo 3 with). 68 caps as a medium (20 goals).
El Hadji Diouf (15-1-81) SEN. Won the League Cup with Liverpool in 2003. He was the star of the team of Senegal, quarter-finalist in the World Cup 2002. Elected African Player of the Year in 2002 and 2003. 27 caps (13 goals) as the attacker.
Youri Djorkaeff (9-3-68)FRA. Cup winners' Cup in 1996 with PSG (finalist in 1992 with Monaco) and the UEFA Cup with Inter Milan in 1998 (finalist in 1997). Winner of the Coupe de France in 1991 with Monaco. Best scorer of the Championship of France 1994 (20 goals). 190 matches and 73 goals in D1. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2001. 82 selections and 28 goals as a team to France. Son of John.
Roberto Donadoni (9-9-63)ITA. One of the pillars of AC Milan with whom he won the European Cup champions in 1989, 1990 and 1994 (absent from the finals in 1990 and finalist in 1993 and 1995), the Intercontinental Cup in 1989 and 1990 Super Cup Europe in 1989, 1990 and 1994, and 6 championships in Italy. Runner-up World Cup 1994 (3rd in 1990). 63 selections like environment.
Douis Yvon (16-5-35)FRA. Champion of France in 1954 and won the Coupe de France with Lille in 1955. Winner doubled in 1963 with Monaco. 20 caps between 1957 and 1965 (3rd in the World Cup in 1958).
Christophe Dugarry (24-3-72)FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 and the Confederations Cup in 2001, European champion in 2000. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1996 with Bordeaux and Marseille in 1999. Winner of the League Cup in 2002 with Bordeaux. 55 appearances as a striker, he scored the first goal of the team of France at the World Cup 1998 against South Africa (8 goals in total).
Dunga (Carlos Caetani Bledorn Veri) (31-10-63) BRE. Captain of the squad, winning the World Cup in 1994 (2nd in 1998) and winner of the Copa America in 1989 and 1997. Olympic finalist in 1984. Champion of Sao Paulo in 1984 (Corinthians) and Rio in 1986 (Santos). Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1991avec Fiorentina. 91 selections (6 goals) as medium.
Edmilson (José Gomes Moraes) (10-7-76)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 2002. Winner of the League Cup in 2001 and the Championship of France in 2002 and 2003 with Lyon. 22 caps as a defender.
Giacinto Facchetti (18-7-42) ITA. Captain of Inter Milan with whom he won the European Cup champions and the Intercontinental Cup in 1964 and 1965 and 4 championships in Italy. Champion of Europe of Nations in 1968 and finalist in the World Cup in 1970. European Silver Ball in 1965. 475 matches and 59 goals in the Calcio. 94 caps as a defender.
Luiz Fernandez (2-10-59) FRA. European Champion in 1984, Intercontinental Champion in 1985 and 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. Champion of France in 1986 and won the Coupe de France in 1982 and 1983 with PSG. 60 selections (6 goals) as medium. Cup winners' Cup in 1996 as coach of Paris SG.
Ubaldo Fillol (21-7-50)ARG. Goalkeeper of the Argentine team, world champion in 1978 (voted best goalkeeper in 1978 he also participated in 1974 and 1982). He was a key team Plato River where he played for 11 seasons. 58 selections (Argentine record for a goalkeeper).
Just Fontaine (18-8-33)FRA. Made famous by his record for World Cup 1958: 13 goals (3rd from the WorldCup). With 21 caps, he scored 30 goals. Champion of France in 1956 (Nice), 1958, 1960 and 1962 (Reims), winner of the Coupe de France 1954 (Nice) and 1958 (Reims). Finalist of the European Cup champions in 1959 with Reims. Best scorer of the Championship of France in 1958 and 1960 (165 goals in Divison 1). Coach of France in the shortest term: 2 matches, between March 22 and June 3, 1967.
Karl-Heinz Förster (25-7-58)FRG. Finalist of the World Cup in 1982 and 1986 and Europe in 1980. Champion of Germany with Stuttgart in 1984, Champion of France in 1989 and 1990 and winner of the Coupe de France in 1989 with Marseille. 81 selections. He was one of the best stoppers in the world.
Garrincha (Manoel Francisco dos Santos) (1933-1983)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1958 and 1962 (voted best player). 3 times champion of Rio with Botafogo. 50 selections (only one defeat) and 12 goals. Known for his dribbling and his legs deformed due to an attack of polio.
Bernard Genghini (18-1-58) FRA. 3rd in the World Cup in 1986 (4th in 1982) and European champion in 1984. Winner of the World Cup with Sochaux in 1985. 118 goals in Division 1 and 27 caps (6 goals) as medium.
Claudio Gentile (27-9-53) ITA. Winner of the World Cup in 1982. 6 times champion and winner of 2 Italian Cups, winning the UEFA Cup in 1977 and Cup Winners' Cup in 1984 with Juventus. 71 selections. He was a formidable defender.
Alcides Ghiggia (22-12-26) ARG. World champion in 1950 (author of 4 goals aimed 'historic' in the final against Brazil, 2-1). Champion Uruguay in 1949 and 1951, Italian champion in 1962 with Milan.
Gilmar dos Santos Neves (22-8-30) BRE. The best Brazilian goalkeeper of all time: winning the World Cup in 1958 and 1962. 3 time champion Sao Paulo with Corinthians and 5 times with Santos. Winner of the Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup in 1962 and 1963 with Santos. 94 caps.
Alain Giresse (2-8-52)FRA. Was part of the midfield magic of the eleventh tricolor with Platini, Tigana and Fernandez. 47 caps and 586 matches played in Division 1 (163 goals). 3rd in the World Cup in 1986 (4th in 1982). European Champion in 1984 and Intercontinental in 1985. Champion of France in 1984 and 1985 and winner of the Coupe de France with Bordeaux in 1986. Voted best player of the World Cup 82.
Goycoechea Sergio (17-10-63)ARG. Finalist of the World Cup in 1990. Winner of the Copa America in 1991 and 1993. Guardian, 44 selections.
Francesco Graziani (16-12-52)ITA. Winner of the World Cup in 1982. Champion of Italy with Torino in 1976 and won the Italian Cup in 1984 with AS Roma. 64 selections as striker (23 goals).
Jimmy Greaves (20-2-40)ANG. Winner of the World Cup in 1966 (absent from the final). Cup winners' Cup in 1963 and the FA Cup in 1962 and 1967 with Tottenham (5 times best scorer of England 357 goals in 517 matches). 43 goals in 56 caps.
Gunnar Gren (1920-1991) SWE. Olympic Champion in 1948 (3rd in 1952) and finalist in the World Cup in 1958. Italian champion in 1951 with AC Milan. 57 selections (32 goals) as the attacker.
Stephane Guivarc'h (6-9-70)FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998. Best scorer of the Championship of France in 1997 and 1998. Champion of France with Auxerre in 1996 and Scotland in 1999 with the Glasgow Rangers. 14 caps as a striker.
Arie Haan (16-11-48)HOL. Finalist of the World Cup in 1974 and 1978. Won the European Cup champions from 1971 to 1973 and champion of Holland in 1970, 1972 and 1973 with Ajax Amsterdam. Cup winners' Cup in 1976 and 1978 champion Belgium in 1981 with Anderlecht. Belgian champion in 1982 and 1983 (finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1982) with Standard Liege. 35 selections (6 goals) as medium.
Gheorghe Hagi (5-2-65)ROU. Champion of Romania from 1987 to 1989 (2 times top scorer of the championship) and won the European Super Cup in 1987 with Steaua Bucharest. Champion of Turkey from 1997 to 2000, winning the Turkish Cup in 1999 and 2000, the UEFA Cup and European Super Cup in 2000 with Galatsaray. 5 times voted best Romanian player. He also played for Real Madrid and Barcelona. 125 selections (35 goals, a national record, 61 as captain) as middle or attacking. He participated in three World Cups (1990, 1994 and 1998, 3 goals).
Dietmar Hamman (27-8-73) ALL. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1996 and German champions in 1994 and 97 with Bayern Munich. Winner of the UEFA Cup, the European Supercup and the FA Cup with Liverpool in 2001. Finalist of the World Cup in 2002. 49 caps as a medium.
Hässler Thomas (30-5-66) ALL. Winner of the World Cup in 1990, European champion in 1996 (2nd in 1992) and 3rd of Jode 1988. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1986 with Cologne (397 Bundesliga matches). 101 selections (11 goals) as medium.
Thierry Henry (17-8-77) FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2003. Champion of Europe of 18 in 1996. Champion of France with Monaco in 1997. Winner doubled in 2002 (best scorer with 24 goals), the Cup n 2003, the championship of England in 2004 and finalist of the UEFA Cup in 2000, all with Arsenal. 75 caps (31 goals) as the attacker. Voted best player in English soccer in 2003 and 2004. European Footballer of money in 2003.
Uli Hoeness (5-1-52)FRG. European Champion in 1972 (finalist in 1976) and won the World Cup in 1974. Won the European Cup champions from 1974 to 1976 and 3 championships Germany with Bayern Munich. Striker, 35 selections (5 goals).
Horst Hrubesch (17-4-51)FRG. Preliminary center of Hamburg won the European Cup champions 1983 (finalist in 1980 and finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1982) and triple champion Germany (136 goals in 224 Bundesliga matches). European Champion in 1980 and finalist in the World Cup in 1982. 21 caps and 6 goals.
Geoffrey Hurst (8-12-41)ANG. Winner of the World Cup in 1966 (only player to have scored 3 goals in the final) winner of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1965 with West Ham. 49 caps (24 goals) as the attacker. 180 goals in 411 matches in Division 1 English.
Bodo Illgner (7-4-67)ALL. World Champion in 1990 and UEFA Euro 92. Champion of Spain in 1997 and winner of the Champions League and Intercontinental Cup in 1998 with Real Madrid. 54 selections as guardian.
Jairzinho (Jair Ventura Filho) (25-12-44)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1970 (4th in 1974, 9 goals, including 7 in 1970 he also participated in 1966). He briefly played for Olympique de Marseille. 82 selections and 34 goals.
Jorginho (Jorge de Amorim Campos) (17-8-64)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1994 (2nd in 1990) and the Copa America in 1989. Champion Brazil in 1987 and 2000 (Flamingo and Vasco da Gama), Germany in 1994 with Bayern Munich and Japan in 1996 and 1998. Olympic silver medalist in 1988. World Junior Champion in 1983. 64 selection as a defender.
Oliver Kahn (15-6-69) ALL. Runner-up World Cup in 2002 (elected Footballer of the competition) and champion of Europe of Nations in 1996. German champions in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, winning the German Cup in 1998, 2000 and 2003, the League Champions in 2001 (finalist in 1999), the Intercontinental Cup in 2001 and the UEFA Cup in 1996 with Bayern Munich. Voted best goalkeeper in the world in 1999, 2001 and 2002. 72 matches as goalkeeper.
Manfred Kaltz (6-1-53)FRG. Champion of Europe of Nations in 1980 and finalist in the World Cup in 1982. With Hamburg, he won the Cup Winners' Cup in 1977 and the Champions Cup in 1983 (finalist in the Champions Cup in 1980 and the UEFA Cup in 1982) and 3 championships and 2 cups of Germany. 581 matches and 76 goals between 1971 and 1991 in the Bundesliga. 69 selections (8 goals) as a defender.
Christian Karembeu (3-12-70) FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2001. Champion of France in 1995 with Nantes. Winner of the Champions League in 1998 and 2000 (absent from the final) with Real Madrid. Champion of Greece in 2002 and 2003 with Olympiakos. 53 selection as a defender or mid. Originally from New Caledonia.
Piet Keizer (14-6-43)HOL. Finalist of the World Cup in 1974 (absent from the final). Won the European Cup champions from 1971 to 1973, the Intercontinental Cup in 1972, the European Super Cup in 1973 and 1974 champion Holland in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1973 with Ajax Amsterdam. 34 caps (11 goals) in the left wing.
Mario Kempes (15-7-54)ARG. The heroes of the World Cup in 1978 he was the winner and top scorer. Won the Spanish Cup in 1979 and Cup Winners' Cup in 1980 with FC Valencia (2 times top scorer in La Liga). Champion in 1981 in Argentina with River Plate. 43 caps (20 goals)
Jürgen Klinsmann (30-7-64)ALL. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 (he scored 11 goals in 3 editions), European champion in 1996 (2nd in 1992) and bronze medalist of the Olympics 88. 108 selections as striker (47 goals). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1991 with Inter Milan in 1996 and with Bayern Munich (finalist in 1989 with Stuttgart). Best scorer of European Cups in a season (15 goals in 1996). German champions in 1997 with Bayern Munich. European Footballer of money in 1995. 204 goals in 445 league games German, Italian, French and English. 2 times voted best player in the German league and once in England.
Sandor Kocsis (1929-1979)HON. Olympic Champion in 1952 and finalist in the World Cup in 1954 (top scorer with 11 goals). 5 times champion of Hungary with Ferencvaros. Champion of Spain in 1959 and 1960 and winner of the UEFA Cup with Barcelona in 1960 (finalist in 1962 and finalist in the UEFA Cup champions in 1961). 68 caps (75 goals). Nicknamed''or''head.
Jürgen Kohler (6-10-65)ALL. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 and European champion in 1996 (2nd in 1992). Winner of the UEFA Cup with Juventus in 1993 (finalist with Dortmund in 2002), the Champions Cup with Borussia Dortmund in 1997. German champions in 1990 (Bayern Munich), 1996 and 2002 (Dortmund) and Italian champion in 1995 (Juventus Turin). 105 selections as a defender and 398 matches in the Bundesliga.
Hans Krankl (14-2-53)TUE. The best player in Austrian history. Cup winners' Cup with Barcelona in 1979 (top scorer in La Liga this year, 4 times better scorer of Austria). 9 times voted best player in Austria. European Golden Shoe in 1978. He participated in 2 World Cups (1978 and 1982) and scored 5 goals. 69 selections and 34 goals.
Ruud Krol (23-3-49)HOL. Specialist total football, he was a finalist for the World Cup in 1974 and 1978. Won the European Cup champions from 1971 to 1973, the Intercontinental Cup in 1972, the European Super Cup in 1972 and 1973, 7 championships and 4 cups of Holland with Ajax Amsterdam. European Bronze Ball in 1979. 83 caps as a defender.
Ladislav Kubala (1927-2002) ESP. He was International 3 countries: 3 selections for Hungary, Czechoslovakia 6 and 19 for Spain. Finalist of the World Cup in 1954 (top scorer) and Olympic champion in 1952. Champion of Spain in 1952, 1953, 1959 and 1960 (329 matches and 138 goals in La Liga)., Winner of 5 Spanish Cups and the UEFA Cup in 1958 and 1960 (finalist Cup Champions 1961) with Barcelona. One of the greatest players of his era. He won the Olympic title as coach of Spain in 1992.
Grzegorz Lato (8-4-50)POL. Twice 3rd in the World Cupin 1974 (top scorer with 7 goals) and 1982 (another contribution in 1978 to total 10 goals). Champion of Poland in 1973 and 1976 with Stal Mielec. 95 caps and 42 goals.
Lucien Laurent (1907-2005) FRA. There will always be the first scorer in the WorldCup, July 13, 1930 in the opening match against Mexico. 10 caps (2 goals).
Franck Leboeuf (22-1-68)FRA. World Champion in 1998 and Europe in 2000. Winner of the Cup Winners' Cup, the European Super Cup and League Cup with Chelsea in 1998. In 1997 he became the 2nd French after Cantona to win the FA Cup and repeated in 2000, still with Chelsea. Winner of the Confederations Cup in 2001. Champion of Qatar in 2004. 50 caps (4 goals) as a defender.
Leonardo (Nascimento Arroyo) (5-9-69)BRE. Winner of the World Cup in 1994 (finalist in 1998) and the Copa America in 1997. Champion Brazil in 1991, winning the Copa Libertadores in 1992, the Intercontinental Cup in 1993 with Sao Paulo. Finalist of the Cup Winners Cup with PSG in 1997. Italian champion in 1999 with AC Milan. 53 selections.
Yvon Leroux (19-4-60) FRA. Defender. European Champion in 1984, winning the Intercontinental Cup in 1985 and 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. Winner doubled in 1989 with Marseille. 28 caps as a defender.
Gary Lineker (30-11-60)ANG. Best scorer of the World Cup in 1986 (6 goals, 4th in 1990, 4 goals), he won the 1989 Cup Winners' Cup with Barcelona. Voted best English player in 1986 and 1992 leading scorer in English soccer in 1986 and 1992). 80 selections and 48 goals as a striker. It is one of the few players to have never received a yellow card.
Thomas Linke (26-12-69) ALL. Vice World Champion in 2002. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1997 with Schalke 04, the Champions League in 2001, the German championship in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, the German Cup in 2000 and 2003 with Bayern Munich . 42 selection as a defender.
Pierre Littbarski (16-4-60)FRG. World Champion in 1990 (finalist in 1982). Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1986 and winner of the Cup of Germany in 1983 with Cologne. 406 matches and 116 goals in the Bundesliga. 73 caps (18 goals).
Bixente Lizarazu (9-12-69)FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1996 with Bordeaux. Winner of the Champions League in 2001 (finalist in 1999), the Intercontinental Cup in 2001, the Cup in 1998, 2000 and 2003 and the German championship in 1999, 2001 and 2003 with Bayern Munich. 97 selections as an advocate (2 goals).
Patrice Loko (6-2-70)FRA. Champion of France with Nantes in 1995 (top scorer in Division 1 with 22 goals). Cup winners' Cup in 1996 (finalist in 1997) and the League Cup in 1998 with Paris SG. 26 caps as a striker (7 goals).
Maier Josef Dieter 'Sepp' (28-2-44)FRG. An excellent keeper. European Champion in 1972 (2nd in 1976) and won the World Cup in 1974 (3rd in 1970). Winner of 3 European Cup champions (1974 to 1976), a Cup Winners' Cup (1967), an Intercontinental Cup (1976), 4 championships and 4 cups of Germany with Bayern Munich. 95 caps as a keeper, 473 Bundesliga matches. Nicknamed "the cat".
Josef Masopust (9-2-31)TCH. Finalist of the World Cup in 1962. 7 time champion and 3 time winner of the Cup with Czechoslovakia Dukla Prague. European Golden Ball in 1962. 63 appearances (10 goals) as half.
Lothar Matthäus (21-3-61)ALL. National hero. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 (finalist in 1986) competing in the final stages 5 and 25 games (double record, 6 goals). European Champion in 1980. 7 time champion and winner of 3 German Cups, winning the UEFA Cup in 1996, finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1987 and 1999 with Bayern Munich. Italian champion in 1989 and won the UEFA Cup in 1991 with Inter Milan. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1980 with Borussia Mönchengladbach. 150 selections and 23 goals, 464 matches and 121 goals in the Bundesliga, he played 100 matches in European Cup. European Golden Ball in 1990 (2nd in 1991) and FIFA player of the year in 1991.
Mauro Ramos de Oliveira (1930-2002) BRE. Defender. Winner of the World Cup in 1958 and 1962 (captain 1962) and the Copa America in 1949. Nine times champions Brazil with Sao Paulo and Santos, winner of the Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup in 1962 and 1963 with Santos. 30 appearances as a defender.
Ales Sandro Mazzola (8-11-42)ITA. European Champion in 1968 and finalist in the World Cup in 1970. Won the European Cup champions and the Intercontinental Cup in 1964 and 1965 and 4 championships in Italy with Inter Milan. Top scorer in the Calcio 1965 (116 goals in 411 matches). 70 caps (22 goals). European Silver Ball in 1971.
Meazza Giuseppe 'Peppino' (1910-1979)ITA. The star of Italian football before the war, winning the World Cup in 1934 and 1938. Italian champion in 1930 and 1938 with Inter Milan (269 goals in 440 matches Calcio). 53 selections, 33 goals. The legendary San Siro stadium in Milan has been renamed in his name.
Roger Milla (25-5-52) CAM. A figure of football. Won the African Cup of Nations in 1984 and 1988. Winner of the Coupe de France with Monaco in 1980 and 1981 with Bastia. African Golden Ball in 1976 and 1990. In 3 participations in World Cup (1982, 1990 and 1994, he scored 5 goals, including 4 in 1990. He scored his last goal in World Cup in 1994 at the age of 42 years against Russia! 96 selections as striker .
Andreas Möller (2-9-67)ALL. Winner of the World Cup in 1990 and European champion in 1996 (2nd in 1992). Winner of the Champions League and Intercontinental Cup in 1997, German champion in 1995 and 1996 with Borussia Dortmund. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1993 with Juventus. Winner of 4 cups of Germany (Frankfurt, Dortmund and Schalke 04). 416 matches and 110 goals in the Bundesliga. 85 caps (30 goals) as medium.
Luis Monti (1901-1983) ARG / ITA. The only player to have played two finals in the World Cup with two different nations finalist with Argentina in 1930, winner with Italy in 1934. 18 caps with Italy.
Bobby Moore (1941-1993)ENG. A great defender. Captain of the English team, who won the World Cup in 1966 (3 entries between 1962 and 1970). 550 matches in the jersey of West Ham with whom he won the FA Cup in 1964 and Cup Winners' Cup in 1965. 107 caps between 1962 and 1973 (2 goals).
Müller Gerhard "Gerd" (3-11-45)FRG. It is one of the best center forward of all time. European Champion in 1972. Winner of the World Cup in 1974 (3rd in 1970; record holder for goals with a total of 14 goals: 10 in 1970 and 4 in 1974), 3 European Cups Champions (1974 to 1976), a Cup Winners' Cup (1967), 4 league titles, 4 cups of Germany and a Intercontinental Cup with Bayern Munich. Golden Ball in 1970, Golden Boot in 1970 and 1972. 62 appearances (68 goals, record German).
Nasazzi Nesto (1901-1968)URU. Olympic Champion in 1924 and 1928, winning the World Cup in 1930 and 4 Copas America between 1923 and 1935. 64 selections to the right-back.
Johan Neeskens (19-9-51)HOL. A great midfield. Finalist of the World Cup in 1974 and 1978 (5 goals). Won the European Cup champions from 1971 to 1973, the Intercontinental Cup in 1972, the European Super Cup in 1972 and 1973, 2 championships and 2 cups of Holland with Ajax Amsterdam. Cup winners' Cup in 1979 and the Spanish Cup in 1978 with Barcelona. Champion of the United States with the NY Cosmos in 1980. 49 caps (17 goals). It was the crew's favorite Cruijff (Johan nicknamed''II'').
Gunther Netzer (10-9-44)FRG. Champion Germany in 1970 and 1971, winning the Cup of Germany in 1973 and finalist of the UEFA Cup in 1973 with Borussia Mönchengladbach. Champion of Spain in 1975 and 1976 with Real Madrid. Winner of the World Cup in 1974 (absent from the final) and European champion in 1972. 37 caps as a medium.
N'Kono Thomas (20-7-56)CAM. One of the best goalkeepers in African history, voted best African player in 1979 and 1982. He participated in two World Cups (1982 and 1990). 112 caps.
Bjorn Nordqvist (6-10-42)SUE. A long reign with 115 selections. Participated in 3 World Cups (1970, 1974 and 1978).
Wolfgang Overath (29-9-43) FRG. One of the best midfielders in German history. Winner of the World Cup in 1974 (2nd in 1966, 3rd in 1970; 3 goals). Champion Germany in 1964 with Cologne (409 Bundesliga matches). 81 selections (17 goals).
Gianluca Pagliuca (18-12-66) ITA. Winner of 3 Italian Cups, the Italian league in 1991 and Cup Winners' Cup in 1990 (finalist in the Champions Cup in 1992) with Sampdoria. Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1998 with Inter Milan (finalist in 1997). Finalist of the World Cup in 1994. Guardian, 39 selections.
Jean-Pierre Papin (5-11-63)FRA. 3rd in the World Cup in 1986. Champion of France from 1989 to 1992 (top scorer of the championship from 1988 to 1992), winner of the Coupe de France in 1989 and finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1991 with Marseille. Italian champion in 1993 and 1994, winning the European Cup champions in 1994 (absent from the final, finalist in 1993). Winner of the UEFA Cup in 1996 with Bayern Munich. 54 selections (11 captaincy and 30 goals) as the attacker. European Golden Ball in 1991. It is without doubt one of the greatest goalscorers French (340 goals in 14 career).
Daniel Passarella (25-5-53)ARG. Captained the Argentine team, winning the World Cup in 1978 (another contribution in 1982). 7 time champion Argentina with River Plate. 70 caps (22 goals) as libero.
Martin Peters (8-11-43) ANG. Winner of the World Cup in 1966. Cup winners' Cup in 1965 and the FA Cup in 1964 with West Ham in the UEFA Cup in 1972 (finalist in 1974) with Tottenham. 67 caps (20 goals), 722 games in D1 English (175 goals).
Emmanuel Petit (22-9-70) FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998 and European champion in 2000. Winner of the Coupe de France in 1991, finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1992 and champion of France in 1997 with Monaco. Winner of English doubled in 1998 and finalist of the UEFA Cup with Arsenal in 2000 (finalist of the Cup with Chelsea in 2002). 63 appearances (6 goals).
Roger Piantoni (26-12-31)GBR. Champion of France in 1958, 1960 and 1962, won the Coupe de France in 1958 and finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1959 with Reims. 203 goals in Division 1 (best scorer in 1951 and 1961). 3rd in the World Cup in 1958. 37 caps and 18 goals as a community.
Robert Pires (29-1-73)FRA. Winner of the World Cup in 1998, European champion in 2000 and won the Confederations Cup in 2003. Winner of the League Cup in 1996 with Metz. Runner-up UEFA Cup with Marseille in 1999. Winner doubled in 2002, the Cup in 2003 and the Premier League with Arsenal in 2004. 79 caps as a medium (14 goals).
Robert Prosinecki (12-1-69)CRO. World Junior Champion in 1987 and European champion hopes in 1990. Won the European Cup champions in 1991 and 3 championships of Yugoslavia Red Star Belgrade. Won the Spanish Cup in 1993 with Real Madrid. 3 times champion of Yugoslavia with Croatia Zagreb. 3rd in the World Cup in 1998. 49 caps for Croatia, 15 for Yugoslavia, as a medium.
Thomas Ravelli (13-8-59) SWE. 8 times champion of Sweden Gothenburg and Oester Vaxjo. 3rd in the World Cup in 1994. 143 selections as custodian (world record time).
Rob Rensenbrink (3-7-47) HOL. Runner-up World Cup in 1974 and 1978 (6 goals). Cup winners' Cup and European Super Cup in 1976 and 1978, champion in 1972 and 1974 and winner of 5 Cups of Belgium with Anderlecht (league's leading scorer in 1973). European Footballer of money in 1976 and bronze in 1978. 46 selections (14 goals).
Rep. Johnny (25-11-51) HOL. Runner-up World Cup in 1974 and 1978. Won the European Cup champions in 1972 (absent from the final) and 1973 champion Holland in 1971 and 1972 with Ajax Amsterdam. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1978 with Bastia and champion of France in 1981 with Saint-Etienne. 42 selections (12 goals) as the attacker.
Karl-Heinz Riedle (16-9-65) ALL. Winner of World Cup in 1990 and finalist of the European Championship in 1992. Champion Germany in 1988 with Werder Bremen, German champions in 1995 and 1996 and winner of the Champions League in 1997 with Borussia Dortmund. Striker, 42 selections (16 goals).
Luigi Riva (7-11-44) ITA. Runner-up World Cup in 1970 (another contribution in 1974, 3 goals) and champion of Europe of Nations in 1968. Champion of Italy with Cagliari in 1970 (156 goals in the Calcio, 3 times top scorer). 42 selections as left winger, 35 goals (national record).
Rivaldo (Vitor Barbosa Ferreira) (19-4-72) BRE. Winner of World Cup in 2002 (finalist in 1998), winner of the FIFA Confederations Cup In 1997, the Copa America 1999 (top scorer) and bronze medalist of the Olympics in 1996. Won the European Super Cup in 1997 and the Spanish league in 1998 and 1999 with Barcelona (top scorer in La Liga in 1999). Winner of the European Supercup in 2003 with AC Milan. Champion Brazil in 1994 with Corinthians. Golden Ball and European Player of the Year FIFA in 1999. 74 selections, 34 goals.
Roberto Rivelino (1-1-46) BRE. Winner of World Cup 1970 (3rd in 1978, 4th in 1974). 2 times champion with Fluminense of Rio. 91 selections like environment. He had a tremendous left foot.
Gianni Rivera (18-8-43) ITA. One of the most successful players and talented Italian soccer elected European Golden Ball in 1969 (2nd in 1963). He won 2 Champions Cups (1963 and 1969), 1 Intercontinental Cup (1969), 2 Cups Cups (1968 and 1973), 4 Cups and 3 championships in Italy with AC Milan. Best scorer of the Italian championship in 1973. Champion European nations in 1960. 60 selection as a midfielder (14 goals) and 4 entries in the World Cup (finalist in 1970, he scored the decisive goal against Germany in the semifinals during the extension (4-3).
Roberto Carlos da Silva (10-4-73) BRE. Winner of World Cup in 2002 (finalist in 1998), the Copa America in 1997 and 1999 and the Confederations Cup in 1997. 3rd Olympic 96. Double champion Brazil with Palmeiras. Winner of the Champions League in 1998, 2000 and 2002, the Intercontinental Cup in 1998 and 2002 and the European Supercup in 2002 with Real Madrid. Champion of Spain in 1997 and 2001. European Footballer of money in 2002. 100 selections as a defender (7 goals).
Romario (De Souza Faria) (29-1-66) BRE. Vice Olympic champion in 1988, winning the Copa America in 1989 and 1997 and World Cup in 1994 (voted best player). 4 times champion Rio (Vasco da Gama and Flamengo). 3 times champion of Holland with PSV (1989, 1991 and 1992, and 98 goals in 109 matches). Champion of Spain (top scorer with 30 goals) and finalist in the Champions Cup in 1994 with Barcelona. 69 selections, 54 goals. More than 700 goals in official matches.
Ronaldinho De Assis Moreira (21-3-80) BRE. The current star of international football. Winner of World Cup In 2002, the Copa America in 1999 and the Confederations Cup 2005. 65 caps (30 goals). Striker FC Barcelona star. World Champion U-17 in 1997. Best Player of the Year FIFA in 2004 and 2005 and the European Golden Ball in 2005 (3rd in 2004).
Paolo Rossi (23-9-56) ITA. Winner of World Cup 1982 (top scorer with 6 goals for a total of 9 goals, 4th in 1978). European Footballer of that year. With Juventus, he won the Cup Winners' Cup and European Super Cup in 1984, the Champions Cup and Intercontinental Cup in 1985, 2 Championships and Coppa Italia. Calcio's top scorer in 1978. 20 goals in 48 caps between 1977 and 1986 as a striker.
Oscar Ruggeri (26-1-62) ARG. A great defender. Winner of World Cup in 1986 (finalist in 1990, another in 1994), the Copa America in 1991 and 1993. 3 time champion Argentina and won the Intercontinental Cup in 1986 with River Plate. Spanish league with Real Madrid in 1989. 97 selections (8 goals).
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (25-9-55) FRG. Runner-up World Cup in 1982 and 1986 (captain of both editions) and European champion in 1980. Champion Germany in 1980 and 1981, winning the Cup of Germany in 1982 and 1984 and European Cup champions 1976 (finalist in 1982) with Bayern Munich (310 matches and 162 goals in the Bundesliga). 95 caps (45 goals). European Golden Ball in 1980 and 81 (2nd in 1979).
Djalma Santos (27-2-29) BRE. Winner of World Cup in 1958 and 1962 (he also participated in editions of 1954 and 1966). 2 times champion of Rio (Lusa) and 3 times from Sao Paulo (Palmeiras). 98 selection as a defender.
Nilton Santos (16-5-25) BRE. Winner of World Cup in 1958 and 1962 (he also participated in editions of 1954 and 1966) and Copa America in 1949. 4 times champion of Rio with Botafogo. 78 caps as a left back.
Scarone Hector Pedro (1898-1967) URU. Winner of World Cup in 1930 and Olympic champion in 1924 and 1928. 4 times winner of the Copa America . 51 caps and 31 goals (national record).
Juan Alberto Schiaffino (1925-2002) URU. Winner of World Cup 1950 (4th in 1954, 7 goals). Italian champion in 1955, 1957 and 1959, finalist of the UEFA Cup champions in 1958 with AC Milan. 21 caps for Uruguay and 4 for Italy.
Salvatore Schillaci (1-12-64) ITA. Thanks to him, Italy reached the semifinal of World Cup 1990 (3rd place). Best player and scorer of the competition (6 goals in 7 games). Former player of Inter Milan and Juventus Turin.
Karl-Heinz Schnellinger (31-3-39) FRG. Runner-up World Cup 1966 (3rd in 1970, 4th in 1958). Italian champion in 1968, the European Cup champions and the Intercontinental Cup in 1969 and Cup Winners' Cup in 1972 with AC Milan. 47 caps.
Harald Schumacher (6-4-54) FRG. Runner-up World Cup in 1982 and 1986 European champion in 1980. Runner-up UEFA Cup in 1986, champion of Germany in 1978 and 3 times Cup winner with West Germany in Cologne. German champions in 1996 with Borussia Dortmund. Guardian, 76 selections.
Schwarzenbeck Hans-Georg (3-4-48) FRG. European Champion in 1972 (2nd in 1976) and won the World Cup in 1974. Won the European Cup champions from 1974 to 1976, 6 championships and 3 cups of Germany with Bayern Munich. Defender, 44 selections.
Enzo Scifo (19-12-66) GBR. Italian origin, it was a | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 92 | https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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] | null | [] | 2023-05-16T11:32:17+08:00 | Pele, who died in December 2022 at age 82, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos. Read more at straitstimes.com. | en | /themes/custom/straitstimes/favicon.ico | The Straits Times | https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil | SANTOS – It is a final resting place fit for “The King” – six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public on Monday.
Pele, who died on Dec 29, 2022, at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” – The King – whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200 sq m room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the south-eastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 90 | https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil-3321356 | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 74 | https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/soccer-star-pele-brazilian-legend-of-the-beautiful-game-dies-at-82/ | en | Soccer star Pele, Brazilian legend of the beautiful game, dies at 82 | [
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"nepal news lockdown"... | null | [] | 2022-12-30T08:10:00 | SAO PAULO, Dec 30: Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82. | en | /bundles/nagarikfrontend/images/ico/fav.png | My Republica | http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/135021/ | SAO PAULO, Dec 30: Pele, the legendary Brazilian soccer player who rose from barefoot poverty to become one of the greatest and best-known athletes in modern history, died on Thursday at the age of 82.
Sao Paulo's Albert Einstein hospital, where Pele was undergoing treatment, said he died at 3:27 p.m. "due to multiple organ failures resulting from the progression of colon cancer associated with his previous medical condition."
The death of the only man to win the World Cup three times as a player was confirmed on his Instagram account.
"Inspiration and love marked the journey of King Pele, who peacefully passed away today," it read, adding he had "enchanted the world with his genius in sport, stopped a war, carried out social works all over the world and spread what he most believed to be the cure for all our problems: love."
Tributes poured in from across the worlds of sport, politics and popular culture for a figure who epitomized Brazil's dominance of the beautiful game.
The government of President Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves office on Sunday, declared three days of mourning, and said in a statement that Pele was "a great citizen and patriot, raising the name of Brazil wherever he went."
Bolsonaro's successor, President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, wrote on Twitter that "few Brazilians carried the name of our country as far as he did."
French President Emmanuel Macron said Pele's legacy would live forever. "The game. The king. Eternity," Macron tweeted.
Pele had been undergoing chemotherapy since he had a tumor removed from his colon in September 2021.
He also had difficulty walking unaided since an unsuccessful hip operation in 2012. In February 2020, on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic, his son Edinho said Pele's ailing physical state had left him depressed.
On Monday, a 24-hour wake will be held for Pele in the center of the field at the stadium of Santos, his hometown club where he started playing as a teenager and quickly rose to fame.
The next day, a procession carrying his coffin will pass through the streets of Santos, passing the neighborhood where his 100-year-old mother lives, and ending at the Ecumenical Memorial Necropolis cemetery, where he will be buried in a private ceremony.
'WHAT IS POSSIBLE'
U.S. President Joe Biden said on his Twitter that Pele's rise from humble beginnings to soccer legend was a story of "what is possible."
Pele, whose given name was Edson Arantes do Nascimento, joined Santos in 1956 and turned the small coastal club into one of the most famous names in football.
In addition to a host of regional and national titles, Pele won two Copa Libertadores, the South American equivalent of the Champions League, and two Intercontinental Cups, the annual tournament held between the best teams in Europe and South America.
He took home three World Cup winner's medals, the first time as a 17-year-old in Sweden in 1958, the second in Chile four years later - even though he missed most of the tournament through injury - and the third in Mexico in 1970, when he led what is considered to be one of the greatest sides ever to play the game.
He retired from Santos in 1974 but a year later made a surprise comeback by signing a lucrative deal to join the New York Cosmos in the then nascent North American Soccer League.
In a glorious 21-year career he scored between 1,281 and 1,283 goals, depending on how matches are counted.
Pele, though, transcended soccer, like no player before or since, and he became one of the first global icons of the 20th century.
With his winning smile and an aw-shucks humility that charmed legions of fans, he was better known than many Hollywood stars, popes or presidents – many if not most of whom he met during a six-decade-long career as player and corporate pitchman.
"I am sad, but I am also proud to be Brazilian, to be from Pele's country, a guy who was a great athlete," said Ciro Campos, a 49-year-old biologist in Rio de Janeiro. "And also off the field, he was a cool person, not an arrogant athlete."
Pele credited his one-of-a-kind mix of talent, creative genius and technical skill to a youth spent playing pick-up games in small-town Brazil, often using grapefruit or wadded-up rags because his family could not afford a real ball.
Pele was named "Athlete of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, co-"Football Player of the Century" by world soccer body FIFA, and a "national treasure" by Brazil's government.
His celebrity was often overwhelming. Grown adults broke down crying in his presence with regularity. When he was a player, souvenir-seeking fans rushed the field following games and tore off his shorts, socks and even underwear.
His house in Brazil was less than a mile from a beach, but he didn't go there for some two decades because of fear of crowds.
Yet even in unguarded moments among friends, he rarely complained. He believed that his talent was a divine gift, and he spoke movingly about how soccer allowed him to travel the world, bring cheer to cancer patients and survivors of wars and famine, and provide for a family that, growing up, often did not know the source of their next meal.
"God gave me this ability for one reason: To make people happy," he said during a 2013 interview with Reuters. "No matter what I did, I tried not to forget that."
Brazil's CBF soccer federation said "Pele was much more than the greatest sportsman of all time... The King of Soccer was the ultimate exponent of a victorious Brazil."
Kylian Mbappé, the French star many view as the current best soccer player in the world, also offered his condolences.
"The king of football has left us but his legacy will never be forgotten," he wrote on Twitter. "RIP KING." | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 21 | https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Fininho | en | Fininho Biography | https://pantheon.world/api/screenshot/person?id=9613698 | https://pantheon.world/api/screenshot/person?id=9613698 | [
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Vinícius Aparecido Pereira de Santana Campos (born 3 November 1983), known as Fininho, is a Brazilian football coach and a former defender . Read more on Wikipedia | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 23 | https://www.nameslook.com/edinho-campos | en | Edinho Campos Meaning & Pronunciation | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 35 | https://www.footballuser.com/search/Brazil/19058813/EC_Internacional_PB | en | Internacional (PB) Football Formations Builder: Real Kits, Hosted Images, No Sign-up! | [
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Create and Share Your Own Football Formations | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 60 | https://www.newagebd.net/article/201854/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil | en | Pele’s gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed ‘O Rei’ -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
‘It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,’ said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
‘I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.’
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
‘But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,’ he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
‘It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,’ cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | ||||||
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FBref.com launched (June 13, 2018) with domestic league coverage for England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and United States. Since then we have been steadily expanding our coverage to include domestic leagues from over 40 countries as well as domestic cup, super cup and youth leagues from top European countries. We have also added coverage for major international cups such as the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores.
FBref is the most complete sources for women's football data on the internet. This includes the entire history of the FIFA Women's World Cup as well as recent domestic league seasons from nine countries, including advanced stats like xG for most of those nine.
In collaboration with Opta, we are including advanced analytical data such as xG, xA, progressive passing, duels and more for over twenty competitions. For more information on the expected goals model and which competitions have advanced data, see our xG explainer. | |||
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Amara, my heart, cold tormentor
Soul of the Sun that lands in other lands
Brought a tear loose on my face
Willingness to put an end to the sad bond
Amara joyful life, joyful dream
Joyful sound sounded in my mind
I loved fado and found it without delay
Closed pain, past experiences
I love the art of being feminine
“Perfect Morals” Policy
That the grace of courage had enchanted me
Amara's fated birth
Joana Almeida
Born in 1992, in Ova. Laura holds a degree in music with a specialization in Conducting, Theory, and Music Education from the University of Aveiro. She supplemented her academic journey with lessons in vocal technique, jazz singing, harmony, and improvisation. She participated in workshops with renowned musicians such as Stefano Battaglia, Elisabete Matos, and Dora Rodrigues.
She stood out as Papageno in Mozart's opera "The Magic Flute" at the Rivoli Theatre in Porto. She was part of the Essemble Vocal Pro Music choir, with which she performed works such as Mozart's Requiem, Brahms' Requiem, and Bach and Pergolesi's Magnificat. She has taught at various musical institutions and currently teaches singing and stage performance in the Teatrúsica Course and at the GroovArt School, in addition to teaching at the Music Academy of Orfeão de Ovar. She was the conductor of the “Corpo de Vozes” choir in Águeda and the choir for Rodrigo Leão's concert at the Centro de Artes de Ovar (2022).
Sónia was born in 1993 in Viseu, Portugal. Her connection with accordion begins at the age of 7, at the Távora and Douro Sul’s accordionists association, where she started to study the instrument. Sónia finished her master in Music Education (Accordion), at the Aveiro University. She also attended the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre, in Tallinn and the Creative World Music Workshop by Pedro Madaleno.
During her route she participated in various music projects as: Reportório Osório and dois,pois (d’Orfeu AC). Sónia performed several times in orchestras with the conductors Carlo Goldstein and Jan Wierzba and in the present she integrates the Pinóquio show, in Casa da Música.
Sónia teaches at the Távora and Douro Sul’s Accordionists Association, at the Music Conservatory of Seia and at the Professional School of Serra da Estrela. She is also co-author of the podcast pontos nos mis, about musical performance.
Joana was born in 1993 on the Portuguese northern coast in Vila do Conde. The responsible for the artistic direction of Amara quartet, Joana is one of the very first women working as a Fado classical guitarist “viola de Fado”. She started to study classic guitar in Fado at the age of 11 and slowly she was accepted in the professional Fado scene in Porto. In 2015, Joana attended the Jazz Course in Valentim de Carvalho Academy, where she studied for 5 years. At the same time, she improved her study with particular teachers as Bruno Brás, Eurico Costa, Nuno Campos and Ricardo Passos. Beyond Lisbon Fado, Joana is exploring different music genres like: Coimbra Fado, Portuguese folk music, bossa nova, jazz and konnakol.
In 2019, after to become a present musician in fado scene of Porto, she was invited to join the cast of the oldest “Casa de Fado” of the city, the Casa da Mariquinhas.
Born in 1971 in Santa Maria da Feira, Susana began her musical studies at the age of 2 at the Santa Maria Music Academy, where she completed the Complementary Music Training Course with a score of 19 out of 20 and achieved the 5th grade in Cello under the guidance of Professor Paula Almeida. She was a scholarship recipient of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. She continued her cello studies with various teachers, including Ana Paula Góis, Luís Sá Pessoa, Miguel Zaparolli, and Miguel Rocha.
She was selected at a national level to join the Orchestra of Private Music Schools as a cellist, under the direction of Maestro Leonardo de Barros. At the University of Évora, she studied Landscape Architecture and joined the Choir as a first soprano. She began her journey in Fado in 2000 with a concert featuring Mário Pacheco, a musical style that became her great passion. In Fado, she has found her place, developing as a performing and accompanying cellist.
Throughout her career, she has taken on various roles, such as rebec player, singer, multi-instrumentalist, composer, teacher, actress, director, and music producer, among others. As a rebec player, she worked with theater companies and early music orchestras. She is currently also a music instructor.
Some singers she has worked with include Cape Verdean Ildo Lobo, Paulo Flores, Brazilian Zé Renato, José Cid, António Zambujo, Rui Veloso, Pedro Barroso, Nuno Barroso, Carlos Zel, Teresa Siqueira, Lina Rodrigues, Carminho, Carlos Leitão, Diogo Carapinha, Joana Amendoeira, Margarida Guerreiro, Duarte Coxo, Teresa Tapadas, António Pinto Basto, António Laranjeira, Francisco Moreira, NOA, Zé Manel (vocalist of the band “Fingertips”), Pedro Moutinho, João Chora, LOOKALIKE, Italian Neapolitan singer Mónica Pinto, and others.
Some of the musical projects she has been involved in include “The Vein” (Rock Band); “Modas À Margem do Tempo” (Traditional Alentejo Music); “Histórias de Paixão” (Music Poetry); “Trinadus” (Instrumental Fado Group) – she recorded the CD “Zé Renato e Trinadus – Navegantes” with Brazilian singer Zé Renato and Portuguese Rui Veloso, under the musical direction of Zé Nogueira, saxophonist for Brazilian singer Ney Matogrosso; “Archybak” (from House to Folk); “Alma Plana” (Portuguese Light Music); “Projecto Fuga.01” (Alternative Music, by musician Pedro Pereira); founder and musical director of the fado duo “A Simbiose” (Cello and Voice, with António Laranjeira); “Alma - Over The Love Project” (Chillout, Pop); guest of the group “Fado Trio” (Instrumental Fado Group); cellist collaborator with “Fado Inverso” - Ana Roque and João David Almeida (Fado); founder, cellist, and musical director of the String Quartet “Romã” (Classical Music) – notably participating in the Luso-Brazilian production film “Biscoito da Fortuna,” directed by Raphael Vieira; with violinist Nuno Flores; with Celina da Piedade; with Luís Martins (guitarist of the rock band “Silence 4”); “Amara Quartet” (first female fado quartet) – cellist/composer in the quartet, with performances in numerous concert halls, national and international festivals, music fairs, and concerts in partnership with the Aga Khan Master Musicians (from the AGA KHAN Foundation), and others.
She participated as a guest cellist in Episode 15 of Season 5 of the RTP1 program “Em Casa d’Amália,” presented in prime time by José Gonçalez and aired on January 26, 2024. Some Fado musicians she has played with include: Portuguese Guitar - Mário Pacheco, Luis Petisca, Ricardo Rocha, Paulo Parreira, Ricardo Parreira, Luis Guerreiro, Samuel Cabral, Armindo Fernandes, Eduardo Jorge, Miguel Amaral, João Martins, Mário Henriques, Henrique Leitão, Pedro Castro, Pedro Amendoeira, Bruno Mira, Eurico Machado, José Elmiro, Fernando Silva, Gaspar Varela, Hugo Daniel Lourenço, Luís Coelho, and others; Fado Guitar - Carlos Manuel Proença, Mário Estorninho, Jaime Santos, Pedro Pinhal, João Mário Veiga, Rogério Ferreira, Miguel Gonçalves, Paulo Faria de Carvalho, Carlos Leitão, Pedro Martins, André Teixeira, Carlos Garcia, and others; Bass Guitar and Double Bass - Paulo Paz, Rodrigo Serrão (also with Chapman Stick), Carlos Barreto, Marino Freitas, Miguel Menezes, Carlos Menezes, Ricardo Cruz, Tó Moliças, Filipe Vaz da Silva, Filipe Larsen, Filipe Teixeira, Sérgio Marques, and others.
Susana regularly performs solo and has been a resident cellist in venues such as "Pousada dos Lóios" in Évora.She has performed in various Fado houses across the country, such as "Bacalhau de Molho," "Sr. Vinho," "À Capella," "Jardim da Cerveja," “Casa da Mariquinhas,” and is currently the resident cellist at “Restaurante Típico O Fado” in Porto, where she performs every night alongside guitarist Samuel Cabral, fado guitarist Paulo Faria de Carvalho, and fado singers Patrícia Costa, Vânia Leal, Pedro Ferreira, and Bruno Alves.
She has recorded numerous CDs with various artists, television programs, radio shows, films, documentaries – notably the documentary series about the life of Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa titled “Senhor Presidente – O Campeonato de uma Vida,” by Amazon Prime – and has performed at music festivals and music competitions such as the legendary “Termómetro unplugged” promoted by Rádio Comercial, where she finished in the top three with the band “The Vein,” among others.
Her career highlights include concerts in multiple iconic venues in Portugal, such as Coliseu do Porto, Coliseu de Lisboa, Teatro Sá da Bandeira, Teatro Rivoli, Teatro Tivoli BBVA, Theatro Circo, Teatro S. Luís, Teatro da Trindade, Teatro Baltazar Dias (Funchal), Teatro Diogo Bernardes, Teatro Garcia de Resende, Teatro José Lúcio da Silva, Teatro Lethes, Teatro Viriato, Casa da Cultura de Ílhavo, Casa da Música (Porto), Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, Reservatório da Mãe d’Água das Amoreiras (Lisbon), Centro Cultural de Belém, and others. Additionally, she has performed in other countries such as Russia, Brazil, Canada, Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Italy, Poland, Egypt, Morocco, and others. | ||||||
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 55 | https://ebin.pub/becoming-brazilians-race-and-national-identity-in-twentieth-century-brazil-1107175763-9781107175761.html | en | Becoming Brazilians: Race and National Identity in Twentieth | [
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Becoming Brazilians
This book traces the rise and decline of Gilberto Freyre’s vision of racial and cultural mixture (mestiçagem – or race mixing) as the defining feature of Brazilian culture in the twentieth century. Eakin traces how mestiçagem moved from a conversation among a small group of intellectuals to become the dominant feature of Brazilian national identity, demonstrating how diverse Brazilians embraced mestiçagem, via popular music, film and television, literature, soccer, and protest movements. The Freyrean vision of the unity of Brazilians built on mestiçagem begins a gradual decline in the 1980s with the emergence of an identity politics stressing racial differences and multiculturalism. The book combines intellectual history, sociological and anthropological field work, political science, and cultural studies for a wide-ranging analysis of how Brazilians – across social classes – became Brazilians. Marshall C. Eakin is Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. A specialist in modern Brazilian history, he is the author of four books including The History of Latin America: Collision of Cultures. He coedited Envisioning Brazil: A Guide to Brazilian Studies in the United States, with Paulo Roberto de Almeida.
New Approaches to the Americas Edited by Stuart Schwartz, Yale University Also Published in the Series: Arnold J. Bauer: Goods, Power, History: Latin America’s Material Culture Laird Bergad: The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States Noble David Cook: Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650 Marcos Cueto and Steven Palmer: Medicine and Public Health in Latin America: A History Júnia Ferreira Furtado and Chica da Silva: A Brazilian Slave of the Eighteenth Century Alberto Flores Galindo: In Search of an Inca: Identity and Utopia in the Andes Herbert S. Klein: The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2nd edition Allan J. Kuethe and Kenneth J. Andrien: The Spanish Atlantic World in the Eighteenth Century: War and the Bourbon Reforms, 1713–1796 Sandra Lauderdale Graham: Caetana Says No: Women’s Stories from a Brazilian Slave Society Vivien Kogut Lessa de Sá: The Admirable Adventures and Strange Fortunes of Master Anthony Knivet: An English Pirate in Sixteenth-Century Brazil Jeffrey Lesser: Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the Present Robert M. Levine: Father of the Poor? Vargas and His Era J. R. McNeill: Mosquito Empires: Ecology, Epidemics, and Revolutions in the Caribbean, 1620–1914 Shawn William Miller: An Environmental History of Latin America Natalia Sobrevilla Perea: The Caudillo of the Andes João José Reis: Divining Slavery and Freedom: The Story of Domingos Sodré, an African Priest in Nineteenth-Century Brazil (translated by H. Sabrina Gledhill) Susan Migden: The Women of Colonial Latin America, 2nd edition
Becoming Brazilians Race and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil
MARSHALL C. EAKIN Vanderbilt University
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 4843/24, 2nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi – 110002, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107175761 DOI: 10.1017/9781316800058 © Marshall C. Eakin 2017 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2017 Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Inc. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN ISBN
978-1-107-17576-1 Hardback 978-1-316-62600-9 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
aos meus amigos brasileiros e brasilianistas
Every Brazilian, even the light-skinned fair-haired one, carries with him in his soul, when not in body and soul . . . the shadow, or at least the birthmark, of the Indian or the Negro.1 Gilberto Freyre
note 1. “Todo brasileiro, mesmo o alvo, de cabelo louro, traz na alma, quando não na alma e no corpo … a sombra ou pelo menos a pinta, do indígena ou do negro.” Gilberto Freyre, Casa-grande e senzala: formação da família brasileira sob o regime da economia patriarcal, 49ª. edn. (São Paulo: Global Editora, 2003), 343. The translation is mine, slightly altered from Gilberto Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves [Casa-grande e senzala]: A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization, trans. Samuel Putnam, 2nd edn. rev. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 278. Unless otherwise noted, all translations are mine.
Contents
List of Figures Acknowledgments
1
2
page xii xiii
Introduction: Creating a People and a Nation Gilberto Freyre and the Myth of Mestiçagem Gilberto Freyre and Casa-grande e senzala Constructing Myths, Rituals, and Symbols Key Themes Modernism Decline of the Freyrean Vision An Overview of the Book
1 1 3 7 11 17 23 26
From the “Spectacle of Races” to “Luso-Tropical Civilization” Constructing State and Nation Race and National Identity Modernism and Modernity Gilberto Freyre and the Creation of the Myth of Mestiçagem
43 43 48 56 58
Communicating and Understanding Mestiçagem: Radio, Samba, and Carnaval The State, Media, and Popular Culture Radio and the Creation of Samba Samba, Carnaval, and Getúlio Vargas Carnaval, Gender, the Malandro, and the Mulata The Malandro
79 79 84 89 95 97
ix
x
3
4
5
Contents Visualizing Mestiçagem: Literature, Film, and the Mulata A New Visual Culture and the Freyrean Mulata Carmen Miranda: An Iconic Cinematic Mulata? Carnaval and Cinema Mestiço Nationalism, Cinema Novo, and Bossa Nova Creating the Iconic Mulata: Jorge Amado and Sonia Braga “Globo-lizing” Brazil: Televising Identity The Television Revolution and the Rise of the Globo Empire Modernity, Identity, and the Jornal Nacional Telenovelas and National Identity Broadcasting Carnaval and Futebol The Beautiful Game: Performing the Freyrean Vision Creating the Myth of Futebol-Mulato From English Sport to Jogo do Povo Futebol-mestiço, Futebol-mulato, Futebol-arte Identity and the End of Futebol-arte? Gilberto Freyre, Mário Filho, Mestiçagem, and Citizenship
107 107 111 116 120 123 136 136 144 147 155 165 166 170 175 183 188
6
The Sounds of Cultural Citizenship Cultural Citizenship and Cultural Nationalism Music, Region, Nation Música Popular Brasileira and Cultural Nationalism Popular Music, Nationalism, Citizenship
200 200 202 206 213
7
Culture, Identity, and Citizenship Civic and Cultural Nationalisms Citizenships The Diretas Já Campaign Impeachment, Citizenship, and Nationalism Challenges to the Freyrean Vision
220 220 221 227 231 237
Epilogue: Nation and Identity in the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries The Return of Gilberto Freyre Technology: Forging and Eroding Narratives Modernity, Post modernity, and the Creation of Identities Back to Race and Identity
251 251 253 257 260
Contents Nation, Regions, Nationalism, and National Identity Brazilian Exceptionalism?
xi
266 269
Bibliography
285
Index
315
Figures
I.1 Gilberto Freyre, 1967 I.2 Candido Portinari, “Entry into the Forest,” Mural, Hispanic Reading Room, Library of Congress 2.1 Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro 2.2 The Malandro-Musician Look (Date Unknown) 2.3 The Mulata as the Centerpiece of Carnaval 3.1 Carmen Miranda circa 1945 3.2 Sonia Braga circa 1982 4.1 Television Reaches the Amazon (Gurupá, Pará) 5.1 The Brazilian National Team, 1958, Stockholm, Sweden 5.2 Leônidas da Silva, World Cup, 1938, Bordeaux, France 5.3 Casagrande and Corinthians Democracy 7.1 Diretas Já Demonstrations 7.2 Fernando Collor Impeachment Demonstrations
xii
page 3 16 91 96 98 113 126 143 167 176 190 229 236
Acknowledgments
This book has had a very long gestation, and it has been nurtured along the way by numerous people across several continents, many of them without knowing it. The first book I ever read about Brazil was Gilberto Freyre’s The Masters and the Slaves. I vividly remember reading Freyre one scorching summer (1972) in a tiny one-room apartment (without airconditioning) in Lawrence, Kansas, in between my freshman and sophomore years in college. Little did I realize that summer in the middle of North America that this thick volume was one of the most important books about Brazil, and that it would become one of the most important in my life. Enthralled, during those torrid Kansas summer days I slowly sweated my way through this brilliant, eccentric essay. Looking back, I realize that I barely had begun to understand what Freyre was saying. My lack of comprehension was countered by the enthusiasm the book generated in me for this “new world in the tropics.” Although I would take a very indirect path (through Central America), over the next decade I gradually became a historian of Brazil. Although my first writing and publications were on race and identity in early twentiethcentury Brazil, for more than twenty years – from the 1970s to the 1990s – I studied and wrote primarily about the economic history of Brazil. Periodically, I would come back to my ruminations about Freyre and Brazilian culture, but it was not until recently that I finally returned to where I began. Over the years, as I researched, taught, and lectured about Brazil, I became intrigued at how the ideas and work of Gilberto Freyre became the central mythology that propelled the formation of Brazilian national identity in the twentieth century.
xiii
xiv
Acknowledgments
Long ago and far away in Kansas, Betsy Kuznesof helped get me started as a historian of Brazil. In Los Angeles, Brad Burns taught me to see the big picture and to try to speak beyond the narrow confines of academia. Many years in Belo Horizonte and my good friends in Minas Gerais persuaded me to see Brazil from inside out and not from the coast inward. In 1983, at a time when my academic career appeared to be stillborn, the History Department at Vanderbilt University took a chance on me, changing the trajectory of my life. I will be forever grateful to my colleagues in the department, then and now. I have benefited enormously by working at an outstanding university with even more outstanding programs in Brazilian and Latin American studies. I am very fortunate to have received generous funding from a FulbrightHays Faculty Research Abroad Award (2009–2010) and a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship (2015) to spend long periods writing intensely while living in Brazil. Sabbaticals are one of the great privileges and luxuries of the life of a professor at a major research university. Longstanding and ongoing financial support from Vanderbilt University has been crucial throughout my career and especially in the work on this project over the past eight years. I am particularly grateful to former provost Richard McCarty for his support. Eight years ago he asked me to become the faculty director of the Ingram Scholarship Program. I began writing the first pages of this book at the same moment I joined the program, and I am writing the closing lines as I finish my time as director. In many ways unrelated to Brazil and Gilberto Freyre, the socially and civically engaged students in the program have pushed me to think deeply about my own worldview, beliefs, and assumptions. They have taught me a great deal, and this book and the Ingram Scholars have been equally important focal points in my life for the past eight years. I am especially indebted to my two exceptional program coordinators, Anne Gordon and Bryn Sierra, for all their support and for helping me balance my teaching, research, and administrative work. I have been very fortunate to have worked at Vanderbilt University for more than three decades with a wonderful group of colleagues. The Center for Latin American Studies and the History Department are vibrant intellectual communities that have shaped my life as a scholar and teacher. The strength of the Brazilian studies program has constantly enriched my life and made it possible for me to grow. The late Alex Severino, Margo Milleret, Earl Fitz, Emanuelle Oliveira-Monte, Ben Legg, and Marcio Bahia all in their own ways helped me think and rethink cultura brasileira. Our program in Latin American history
Acknowledgments
xv
includes a truly wonderful and collegial group, including more than thirty graduate students over the last two decades. Jane Landers, Eddie Wright-Rios, Celso Castilho, Frank Robinson, and the late Simon Collier have been exceptional colleagues and friends. A special thanks to Joel Harrington for his support over the years, at home and abroad. While I mentored Courtney Campbell, Max Pendergraph, Tiago Maranhão, and David LaFevor in their graduate training they also pushed me to think harder about my notions of nationalism, regionalism, and identity. Graduate and undergraduate students from various departments and programs took my classes on Latin America and seminars on race, nationalism, and nation-building, and they made me think more about the comparative picture, and even read and critiqued parts of my manuscript. Yoshi Igarashi, Gary Gerstle, Paul Kramer, Michael Bess, and Helmut Smith shared their own writing and research on nationalism and national identity with the seminars on nationalism. The graduate students in the interdisciplinary Brazilian Studies Reading Group also gave me valuable criticisms of the manuscript. From 2001 to 2015, Jane Landers, Celso Castilho, and I codirected a series of FIPSECAPSE student exchange grants on race and inequalities in Brazil and the United States in collaboration with the Universidade de São Paulo, the Universidade Federal da Bahia, the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Howard University, Fisk University, and the University of Florida. The three dozen students from Vanderbilt who attended our Brazilian partner institutions and the three dozen undergraduate students from Brazil who spent a semester at Vanderbilt, in many different ways, made me reflect often on the complexities of race and national identity. A special thanks to Paula Covington, the incredible Latin American bibliographer at Vanderbilt. Due to Paula’s work and that of her predecessors we have one of the great collections on Brazil in our library. For many years Paula has helped me with my research and taught me to be a better researcher. Mona Frederick has made enormous contributions to the intellectual life of Vanderbilt as the executive director of the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities. I spent much of my last sabbatical at the Warren Center in a year-long seminar on public scholarship with a great group of fellow faculty and had the enormous luxury of a beautiful office where I could hide, read, write, and move this book closer to completion. Thank you, Mona. As will be evident in the text, but especially in the endnotes, I could not have written this book without the vast and excellent scholarship across
xvi
Acknowledgments
many disciplines, especially among those who study Brazil. For seven years (2004–2011) I served as the executive director of the Brazilian Studies Association and organized three international congresses for BRASA during that period. I cannot imagine what this book would look like, if it would even exist, had I not spent so much time collaborating in so many ways with Brazilians and Brazilianists during my time with BRASA. Um obrigado muito especial for my hardworking colleagues in leadership and support roles during those years, especially Jim Green, Tim Power, Jan French, Ken Serbin, Susan Quinlan, Peggy Sharpe, Jon Tolman, Cecilia Grespan, and Carolina Castellanos. A special thanks to Paulo Roberto de Almeida for asking me to coedit a survey of Brazilian studies in the United States that educated me extensively and resulted in two books. Talks at a number of institutions helped me formulate, reformulate, and sharpen my arguments. Thanks to Mariza Soares at the Universidade Federal Fluminense; Jurandir Malerba and the Department of History at the Pontifícia Universidade Cátolica, Rio Grande do Sul; Ondina Fachel Leal and the Department of Anthropology at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; the Fundação Casa Rui Barbosa; Paula Barreto, the Centro de Estudos AfroOrientais and the Universidade Federal da Bahia; colleagues at the Universidade de São Paulo in the departments of history, economics, and business; Parry Scott and the Department of Anthropology at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Russell Walker and his students at the Kellogg School at Northwestern University; the Race Relations Institute at Fisk University; my colleagues and their students at the Owen Graduate School of Management, and the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at Vanderbilt University. Some of my colleagues have been kind enough to read and comment on parts of this manuscript including Scott Ickes, Roger Kittleson, Jason Borge, and Bianca Freire-Medeiros. Chris Dunn, Bryan McCann, and Celso Castilho read the entire manuscript and provided me with very valuable feedback, helping make this a better book than it was in manuscript form. Over the past two years I have benefited from working with Liz Zechmeister, Tim Sterling, Fred Pereira, Heather Ewing, and Guilherme Russo on a healthcare study in Rio de Janeiro funded by Vanderbilt University. My colleagues in Brazil and at Vanderbilt in the project on “Building a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Assessment of the Quality of Healthcare in Brazil” have provided me entirely new angles on race and national identity in Brazil. Kara
Acknowledgments
xvii
Schultz and Jeff Crosby facilitated the cover art, and my editorial team at Cambridge University Press skillfully guided me through the production process. Finally, thank you Michelle for putting up with my long absences in Brazil and in Nashville hiding in my office working on this book. I could not have done this without your understanding, love, and support. Um obrigado muito especial para o grande amor da minha vida.
map 1 Map of Brazil and Its Regions Source: Beth Robertson, Mapping Specialists Limited
introduction Creating a People and a Nation
[N]ations are constituted largely by the claims [they make for] themselves, by the way of talking and thinking and acting that relies on these sorts of claims to produce collective identity, to mobilize people for collective projects, and to evaluate peoples and practices.1 Craig Calhoun
gilberto freyre and the myth of mestic¸ agem The history of nationalism and national identities is a history of mythmaking. This book reconstructs the story of how one myth of national identity became history. Brazilian national identity, like many other national identities, was constructed from local society up as well as from the State down. The combined and often conflicting efforts of the powerful and the less powerful forge peoples and nations over decades and centuries. Elites who wish to construct nations consciously seek to create a cohesive sense of national identity, solidarity, and allegiance to an articulated set of myths, rituals, and symbols. They pursue progress through order, and that order and progress hinge on the success of their attempts to impose homogeneity and uniformity. Despite their best efforts – and their power – often the plans of the nation-builders fail, either in part or in whole. The less powerful – especially the so-called masses (o povo) – quite often without setting out to do so create and shape their own myths, rituals, and symbols that sometimes reach a wide audience resonating with hundreds of thousands – even millions – of persons they have never met nor seen. This complex and dialectical process of the conscious and unconscious construction of peoples and nations through the emergence and evolution of a shared set of myths, 1
2
Becoming Brazilians
rituals, and symbols is the focus of this book. A generation ago, Benedict Anderson brilliantly described this process as the creation of “imagined communities.”2 Becoming Brazilians charts the emergence of an “imagined community” – what Brazilian intellectuals would call an imaginário nacional (national imaginary/collective imagination) – the creation of a people, and a nation, in twentieth-century Brazil.3 Since the 1930s, the most important national myth that has bound people together in Brazil is what the anthropologist Roberto DaMatta has called the “fábula das três raças.” This fable of the three races – what I call the myth of mestiçagem (miscegenation) – asserts that Brazilians share a common history of racial and cultural mixing of Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans.4 Although he did not invent this myth, Gilberto Freyre’s exuberant and optimistic vision of mestiçagem has been its most potent and influential version. As Peter Fry has concisely noted, Freyre declared that all Brazilians “whatever their genealogical affiliation, were culturally Africans, Amerindians and Europeans.”5 Even those Brazilians who are not biologically mestiços are cultural hybrids. In Freyre’s own oft-quoted words, “Every Brazilian, even the light-skinned fair-haired one, carries with him in his soul, when not in body and soul . . . the shadow, or at least the birthmark, of the Indian or the Negro.”6 All Brazilians, regardless of the color of their skin, carry with them shadows in their souls, traces of Europe, Africa, and the Americas in their cultural, if not their biological, DNA.7 This is the essence of the Freyrean vision of Brazil, brasilidade (Brazilianness), and Brazilian national identity in the twentieth century. This book is a sort of cultural history of the Freyrean myth of mestiçagem. Before the publication of Freyre’s monumental The Masters and the Slaves (Casa-grande e senzala in the Portuguese original) in 1933, many Brazilian and foreign intellectuals had recognized this mixing, but very few viewed this mestiçagem favorably.8 By the 1970s and 1980s, nearly all Brazilians, at some level, shared this belief – it had become something of a “master narrative of Brazilian culture.”9 When queried about race or ancestry for surveys, most Brazilians tell the questioners they are “Brazilian.”10 Today, when 200 million Brazilians enjoy the music of Ivete Sangalo or participate in carnaval, or experience the exhilaration of their national team (seleção) winning (or losing) a World Cup, they resonate with some of the fundamental markers of Brazilian national identity – ones that are all profoundly shaped by the Freyrean vision of mestiçagem.
Introduction: Creating a People and a Nation
3
figure i.1 Gilberto Freyre, 1967 Source: Photo By Jack Riddle/The Denver Post via Getty Images
gilberto freyre and casa-grande e senzala Sophisticated social science research has shown that this cultural mixing in Brazil has been widespread and deep.11 People of all skin colors take part in cultural practices and activities that emerged out of European, Native American, and African societies. Perhaps most visible are the
4
Becoming Brazilians
profound African influences that permeate the cultural lives of Brazilians of all hues – from candomblé to capoeira and carnaval. In the words of one writer, “some Euro-Brazilians are more culturally Afro-Brazilian than some Afro-Brazilians.” African influences pervade all facets of Brazilian culture and society, leading one scholar to observe that the dominant narrative in Brazil is that no one is really white!12 As Edward Telles has shown with sophisticated statistical and analytical rigor, miscegenation is not “mere ideology” in Brazil. Race mixture has been taking place for centuries, and continues, and represents a significant reality in the daily lives of Brazilians.13 The influence of Freyre permeates nearly every nook and corner of contemporary Brazilian culture. Even those who vehemently reject Freyre’s ideas must grapple with ways to contend with their power and influence. This book traces the emergence, maturation, and then (partial) decline of this Freyrean vision of mestiço nationalism, this imagined community of mestiçagem, of racial mixture and cultural convergence, from the 1930s to the 1990s. This book is a brief history of the most powerful narrative of Brazilian identity in the twentieth century. Decades of sustained and devastating critiques of Freyre’s notion of “racial democracy” offer paradoxical testimony to his continuing power and influence on Brazilian identity.14 The vast literature attacking racial democracy has rarely been accompanied by a rejection of Freyre’s most important assertion – that the essence of Brazil and Brazilians is this mixture of races and cultures.15 In the decades following the publication of Casa-grande e senzala, Freyre gradually made stronger and more sweeping claims that the widespread mixing of races and cultures had provided Brazil with a form of racial democracy, a society without the racial prejudice and discrimination sanctioned by law and custom in the United States and South Africa (for example).16 Ironically, Freyre did not create the term “racial democracy,” and it apparently does not even come into use until the late 1940s and the 1950s.17 Since the 1950s, this Freyrean view of racial democracy has been repeatedly attacked by scholars in multiple fields of study. While many have argued that racial democracy is some sort of false consciousness or a smoke screen fabricated by the elite to hide the racism in Brazilian society, I agree with those who have shown that few Brazilians (especially those who are darker and poorer) believe that Brazil is a racial democracy. They are fully aware of the racism they confront in their own lives, but cling to racial democracy as an ideal to aspire to – for all Brazilians.18 At the same time, the most sophisticated sociological surveys demonstrate that
Introduction: Creating a People and a Nation
5
a majority of Brazilians cling to the Freyrean vision of mestiçagem.19 While Freyre’s vision of mestiçagem and racial democracy are interconnected, the former does not inevitably lead to the latter (although many, many writers conflate the two in their critiques of Freyre). One may fully embrace the notion of mixing without believing it produces racial democracy.20 I agree with Hermano Vianna’s observation: “I never believed that to value mestiçagem was synonymous with defending the idea that we live in a racial democracy.”21 This book is not about what I see as Freyre’s naïve and untenable claims about racial democracy in Brazil, but rather about how the “fable of three races” becomes so deeply embedded in popular culture and the imaginário nacional.22 The myth of mestiçagem has been more powerful, widespread, and enduring than the myth of racial democracy. Mestiçagem, however, is a protean concept.23 It allows those who wish to emphasize the cultural and racial diversity of Brazilian identity to highlight the contributions of the African and Indian to Brazilian culture. Brazilian music, cuisine, arts, language, and even sports offer for them daily evidence of the importance of non-European peoples and cultures to the formation of Brazilian society. At the same time, mestiçagem can also provide a means for those who wish to de-emphasize the African and Indian heritage of Brazilians by highlighting the waves of European immigrants as an even more powerful contributor to the cultural and racial mix that is Brazil today. In this version, mixing becomes the means for whitening (embranquecimento) Brazilian culture and biology. This vision of mestiçagem, combined with racial democracy, has been a powerful alternative to the blatant expressions of white supremacist ideology that became so potent in other societies such as the United States.24 In a sense, these two very different visions are two sides of the same coin of mestiçagem. As the following chapters show, these two very different visions, both accepting mestiçagem as central to the national narrative, are reshaped by different regions of Brazil for their own purposes. In effect, one sees mestiçagem as whitening while the other sees it as darkening Brazil. In the following chapters, I analyze how and why the tens of millions living within the political boundaries of Brazil (and many more residing beyond those borders) in the twentieth century gradually come to see themselves not only as brasileiros, but brasileiros a la Freyre.25 I argue that only in recent decades has Brazil finally become a nation, that is, a people within a defined set of political borders bound together by their attachment to a common set of myths, rituals, and symbols.26 For much of
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the twentieth century, Brazilians forged “a culture in search of nation.”27 The rise of the new technologies of radio, film, and television – the emergence of new visual and aural cultures – made possible the creation of this “imagined community” in twentieth-century Brazil (and in other nations as well). The following chapters dissect the ongoing and constantly evolving process of “becoming Brazilians” in the twentieth century. At the heart of this analysis is the very notion of what it means to be “Brazilian” and how that identity evolves and shifts across most of the twentieth century – and continues to shift in the twenty-first. Gilberto Freyre’s work provides the framework for the conceptualization of the Brazilians as a singular people who compose their own nation. I do not pretend to demonstrate definitively the many ways in which the technologies of mass communication have fostered the enormous reach and power of the myth of mestiçagem. In this long, interpretive essay, I lay out what I believe are the key features and processes in the creation, diffusion, success, and eventual decline of this vision of Brazilian identity. The principal goals of this essay are to offer an interpretation of twentieth-century Brazil and stimulate others to discuss, debate, challenge, and engage in much more detailed studies of the many facets of the historical trajectory I describe in this book. I am certainly not the first to notice the importance of the new technologies for the emergence of popular culture in twentieth-century societies. Latin Americans, especially Brazilians, have not only created dynamic music, art, literature, film, and television, but they also generated a very stimulating and innovative body of work about popular culture. Scholars in many countries over the past thirty years have produced a large literature on nationalism and national identity, and a seemingly endless number of books and articles have discussed Brazilian identity in the twentieth century. In more recent decades, a vibrant group of writers have shown how central citizenship, in its many facets, is to contemporary societies and to efforts to cultivate democratic politics – in Brazil, or elsewhere in the world. In this book, I bring these diverse stories together to show how the consolidation of a vibrant cultural nationalism constructed around the myth of mestiçagem from the 1930s to the 1980s set the stage for the rise of a dynamic civic nationalism that has fostered among tens of millions of Brazilians a vital conversation about their origins, who they are today, what they would like to become, and where they will go in the twenty-first century.
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constructing myths, rituals, and symbols Brazilians built an extraordinary narrative unity around an exceptionally flexible sense of identity. The construction of this narrative took place over many decades across two centuries. In 1822, Pedro I’s famous “Cry of Ipiranga” announced the creation of an independent Brazil free of Portuguese colonial rule. Much of the story of Brazilian history – and the Brazilian people – in the nearly two centuries after Pedro’s cry (grito) is the long (and never-ending) struggle to create a people and a nation out of an idea – to make real the newly proclaimed nation in that cry for independence.28 The great challenge for the State in constructing the Brazilian nation from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century was in many ways geographical and technological – how to reach all those peoples living within the enormous, fluid, and ill-defined political boundaries of Brazil.29 Before becoming Brazilian, one must first become aware of the very notion of something called Brazil. The challenge for all Brazilian nationalists was not only to create myths, rituals, and symbols, but also to make the millions of peoples of African, Native American, and European descent – and their descendants – aware of those myths, rituals, and symbols. In the terminology of Ernest Gellner, the State had to foster the nationalism that precedes the creation of the nation. Even more so than most nations, Brazil faced the daunting challenge of scale in a country of truly continental dimensions.30 I believe that the process of the creation of this set of shared myths, rituals, and symbols does not reach full fruition until the second half of the twentieth century after the emergence and expansion of the technologies of mass communication – radio, film, and television. As Eric Hobsbawm once observed, “The common culture of any late twentieth-century urbanized country was based on the mass entertainment industry – cinema, radio, television, pop music.”31 The 1930s have long been seen as a critical turning point in modern Brazilian history with the rise of Getúlio Vargas and the increasing ability of the Brazilian State to extend its power into the vast interior of the country. At the same time, the central government begins systematically to create school curricula, museums, holidays, and national symbols to overcome the long history of regionalism and fragmentation that had characterized Brazilian society, culture, and politics since (at least) independence.32 The rise of radio in the 1930s, and then film in the 1940s and 1950s, produces a powerful shift with the emergence of popular culture, especially popular music (samba, in particular), carnaval,
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and soccer (futebol) as shared national experiences.33 Post-1930 Brazil is a fascinating mix of the efforts of the State to impose an increasingly unified vision of “Brazilianness” (brasilidade) as a diverse set of regional symbols, music, dance, and popular culture is eventually broadcast and spread across more than 8.5 million square kilometers of national territory. The expanding mass media bring the local and the regional into the national arena – and into regular contact with each other. New technologies produced (and continue to produce) an accelerating interactive intensity of people, places, and symbols from 1920s to the present. An expanding scholarship over the past twenty years has persuasively argued that region and nation are mutually constitutive, and Brazil is an excellent example of these processes of interaction and mutual construction.34 A history of nation-building is more than the story of centralizing authority and the State; it involves a complex process of constant integration and differentiation among regions and nation. Instability and contingency characterize an ongoing and never-ending process, a constant shape shifting if you will. The imaginings of the people who at some point in time see themselves as part of a community – regional or national – are never completely fixed or static. Region and nation, in these terms, are “cognitive arenas of struggle.” Rather than just fixed spaces, they are “landscapes of action, of meaning, and of experience.”35 Rather than antagonistic and exclusive, the region-nationbuilding process in Brazil has largely been mutually reinforcing and interdependent. The emergence of regions in Brazil “was not just parallel with the new nationalist sentiment, but a reaction to it and another face of it.”36 Eventually, a relatively select set of myths, symbols, and rituals comes to be seen and experienced as defining features not of particular regions, but of Brazil as a whole. In many ways, the regional narratives that emerged in the early twentieth century offered competing visions of Brazil, visions that made claims to authenticity, power, and hierarchy.37 As new technologies (telegraphy, telephony, radio, cinema, television) draw more and more locales into an ever larger community, the interplay among the local, regional, national, and international intensify. Earlier generations of writers often portrayed this process as largely unidirectional – the top-down imposition (beginning with Vargas) of the State dominated by elites who sought to force the Freyrean vision of Brazil on the masses. The influence and agency of the majority of Brazilians disappear in many of these accounts.38 I argue that this process of nationbuilding was not entirely State directed, nor driven simply by the desires and choices of individuals or groups.39 The result, as with all complex
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cultures, is a constantly evolving mix of cultural traits that are always “hybrid,” to use the terminology of cultural studies.40 The focus of this book is on how a select group of defining features that became emblematic of national identity in the twentieth century emerged, flourished, and then were powerfully questioned and challenged. Their emergence was not foreordained or completely imposed from above, but arose out of a complex, protracted, highly contingent, and constant process of exchanges and conflicts among constituencies from all sectors of Brazilian society (and beyond).41 As Prasenjit Duara has observed, nationalism “marks the site where different representations of the nation contest and negotiate with each other.” He goes on to assert that “we find a polyphony of voices, contradictory and ambiguous, opposing, affirming, and negotiating their views of the nation.”42 State power and voices “from below” are constantly in a conflictual and evolving relationship that continually refines and reshapes notions of identity – local, regional, and national.43 As in many countries, this polyphony of voices created an ongoing and unending conversation about the nature of Brazilian identity. Gilberto Freyre’s portrayal of mestiçagem gradually became the dominant narrative (the dominant voice) among the contending narratives in this conversation. Intellectuals, like Freyre, frequently played the role of cultural mediators in this process.44 The emergence of radio and samba from the 1930s to the 1950s initiated the creation of what has been called a “culture industry” in Brazil creating for the first time a shared national popular culture. The Modernists in the 1920s and 1930s played a central role in this technological and cultural shift. The so-called folkloric, popular culture of pre-twentieth-century Brazil and the supposed erudite, cosmopolitan culture of the elites had never been separate, yet they blended and reconfigured in increasingly creative and powerful ways with the rise of mass media technologies. “The symbioses between radio and literature, cinema and theater, and theater and television,” as Renato Ortiz has argued, “were constants.” As he has also written, the idea of traditional cultures that defined the “popular classes” gave way to products, images, and festivities associated with cultural industries and the “masses.”45 The intervention of the State into the cultural arena in the same decades stimulated the creation of a “mass culture” (cultura de massas) in Brazil, but it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that a truly national community became possible. The conversation and debate about Brazilian national identity has been a long struggle over the very nature of what is deemed Brazilian culture.46 First with film and then, more importantly, with the
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emergence of television after 1970, the technology was in place that truly stitched together the pieces of the national territory and Brazilian society to create the quilted mosaic that is Brazil today in the midst of this ongoing and never-ending conversation.47 Brian Owensby has argued that in a society that largely excluded Brazilians from civic citizenship and full political participation, popular culture offered sites of “unofficial citizenship” where “people could avoid entanglements with a politics that so often excluded them.” Through samba, carnaval, and futebol (among other sites), to “be Brazilian . . . is to rise to a moral plane above the pettiness, corruptions, and exclusions of politics.”48 Brazilians, in this sense, confront the negatives of politics and its flaws with the positives of participation in popular culture. In effect, Brazilians have forged an increasingly rich cultural citizenship over decades in the absence of a strong civic citizenship.49 From the 1930s to the 1970s, this growing and vibrant popular culture spawned contending forms of cultural nationalism and identity. The 1970s, largely because of opposition to the military regime that took power in 1964 and instituted brutal repressive measures, mark a turning point in the emergence of a civic nationalism and a struggle for citizenship in Brazil. These two powerful forces – civic and cultural – converge in the 1970s and 1980s, with television, futebol, and popular music as the principal vehicles facilitating the convergence. The process of becoming Brazilians – of creating one people and one nation – reaches its climax under the military regime in the 1970s and 1980s, culminating with the mass mobilization of Brazilians through the process of re-democratization, national elections in 1989, and the impeachment of President Fernando Collor in 1992. In the “direct elections now” campaign (diretas já) in 1984, and the impeachment of President Fernando Collor in 1992, tens of millions of Brazilians rallied around “their” flag, national anthem, and other national symbols to claim their “rights” as Brazilians.50 They fully and forcefully assumed their civic and cultural identity as Brazilians.51 Nation and State finally converged more than a century and a half after Pedro’s declaration of independence in 1822. In the 1960s and 1970s, the military regime put into place many of the conditions for the consolidation of a shared national culture (extending State power and mass communications effectively across all of the national territory), and the climax of this sense of national belonging comes, ironically, with the massive mobilization of millions of Brazilians against the military regime in the 1980s. In one of ironies of Brazilian history, at the very moment that this modernizing project to create a sense
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of national identity finally experiences its greatest success in the 1970s and 1980s, intellectuals and activists had already begun to deconstruct the meaning of identity, nation, nationalism, and modernity, and they began to proclaim the very impossibility of the modernizing project and the very notion of this version of a national identity.52 Many of them announced the death of the Freyrean vision of Brazil at the moment of its greatest influence.
key themes This book brings together a series of fundamental themes in Brazilian, Latin American, and world history – identity, nation, nationalism, modernity, citizenship, and the State. An early historiographical tradition in Latin America produced a large literature on these themes and the creation of new nations in the nineteenth century. Much of this literature served the European and Europeanized elites in the newly independent nations of Latin America in their struggle to assert control over territories largely populated by non-European peoples – Indians, Africans, and the racially mixed.53 Liberal and Conservative historiography in the nineteenth century (typified by classic works such as Domingo F. Sarmiento’s Facundo and José Enrique Rodó’s Ariel) sought to justify nation-building as a modernizing project aimed at transforming the peoples of Latin America into neo-Europeans.54 In recent decades, an entirely new wave of scholarly works has returned to the nationalism and nation-building projects of the nineteenth century to show that many peoples, not just the elites, participated in and shaped the debates, language, and processes of nation-building and nationalism. This new literature has emphasized the multiplicity of understandings – among various groups within a given country – of the foundational concepts of nation-building, liberalism, citizenship, and civic culture. The works of Florencia Mallon on Mexico and Peru, Sarah Chambers and Mark Thurner on Peru, Peter Guardino on Mexico, and Greg Grandin on Guatemala (to cite a few examples) probe the multiple meanings of nation-building and nationalism among nonelite groups.55 They have brought to the forefront of the discussion of nationbuilding and nationalism the importance of diverse groups within civil society and across regions within nations all playing a role in a growing conversation about ideas and ideologies. This is important work, but it has largely focused on the nineteenth century, and the nation-building projects in Latin America in the century after independence largely failed, became twisted beyond recognition, or died stillborn.
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As Miguel Angel Centeno has eloquently argued, the elites who triumphed in the wars for independence “had no desire to imagine a national community” and “the inclusion and integration of the masses was the last thing on their mind.” In most of Latin America, the Europeanizing projects of elites eradicated, persecuted, and stigmatized non-European cultures and peoples. By their very nature, the projects were incapable of forging unified nations filled with peoples of very diverse ethnic, racial, and cultural traditions. When faced with the question, “que hacer con el pueblo?” (what to do with the people?), elites chose exclusion and persecution over the inclusion and mobilization necessary for creating national communities.56 Even in Argentina and Uruguay, the two most ethnically “European” countries in Latin America, the modernizing projects to build nations often ignored peoples within their own borders who did not fit into the elitist narratives of nationhood.57 At the dawn of the twentieth century, contrary to the classic arguments of Benedict Anderson, the “Creole Pioneers” of nineteenth-century Latin America had largely failed to forge imagined communities that even remotely coincided with their supposed national political boundaries. In Brazil, and much of Latin America, it is in the decades after World War I and the Great Depression that some of the many nation-building projects originally imagined in the nineteenth century finally came to fruition.58 The dream of many of those nineteenth-century Liberals and Conservatives – to create a shared culture that spanned the national territory – did not become a reality until well into the twentieth century – and in ways that would probably have appalled most of them.59 The many voices converge around a set of shared symbols and myths that come to define many Latin American nations – from Mexico to Brazil. Ironically, the foundational myth of many of these nations was the very racial and cultural mixture (mestizaje/mestiçagem) that the Creole Pioneers (such as Sarmiento) had attempted to annihilate and eradicate with their European visions of cultural modernity.60 The great touchstone of discussion about nation-building and nationalism for the past three decades has been Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities (1983), one of the most widely read academic books of all time. Historians of Latin America have been both pleased and perplexed by Anderson’s work. The Creole Pioneer elites who led the wars for independence and the creation of the new nations in the nineteenth century serve as the centerpiece of his argument bringing Latin America to the forefront of discussions of nationalism – discussions that for too long have been dominated by the European experience. Nevertheless, as
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many scholars of Latin America have pointed out, Anderson’s (mis)understanding of the Creoles was largely based on a few very traditional and dated sources.61 Ironically, Anderson’s analysis of this group situated at the core of his argument has been seriously critiqued by historians of Latin America even while many still embrace the gist of his notion of “imagined communities.” Anderson’s work places great emphasis on the creation of a literate, print culture and Creoles as the precursor of these imagined communities in the nineteenth century.62 I argue that in Brazil, and much of Latin America, the creation of these imagined communities does not occur through print culture in the nineteenth century (except among a small group of European elites and groups most closely connected to them), but rather these communities emerge in the mid-twentieth century out of visual and aural cultures.63 Territories, argues Muniz de Albuquerque, are image based. “They arrive to us in channels – the media, education, social contacts, habits – cultural channels that encourage an abstraction of the real. In this way, history resembles theater, on which actors, historical agents, may create their forms of identity only through the markers of the past, through accepted and recognized roles, old masks that are forever updated.”64 It is the rise of radio, film, and television that make possible the creation of a “community” of tens of millions of Brazilians and eventually allows them to “imagine” themselves as part of a Brazilian people and a Brazilian nation.65 Nationalism in Latin America provides peoples with an “idiom of identity,” but this idiom is more aural and visual than print.66 Over the last thirty years or so, nationalism and nation-building have generated a substantial and stimulating literature. Much of this work grapples with how to define State, nation, nationalism, modernity, citizenship, and identity.67 The rise of subaltern studies and a dynamic group of South Asian scholars has also provoked a move away from the Eurocentrism of much of the earlier work on nationalism.68 As this literature has proliferated, the central concepts have become even less clear and more contested. Without going into a prolonged discussion of this literature, let me simply set out what I mean by the concepts that are central to this book. As the sociologist Craig Calhoun has pointed out, there is no generally accepted definition of something as fundamental to the contemporary world as “nation.”69 Scholars such as Anthony D. Smith, Ernest Gellner, and E. J. Hobsbawm (to cite three of the classics) each have their own list of features. In this book, I define a nation as a people within a defined set of political borders bound together by
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their attachment to a common set of myths, rituals, and symbols. That shared culture – of myths, rituals, and symbols – forms the core of their identity as a people and a nation. As these people leave the national territory, they also carry with them their attachment to this identity, even as they add others. This imagined community is constantly changing, evolving, with moments of cohesion as well as conflict. Nothing is preordained (or primordial) about these communities, and their creation as well as their survival over time is contingent on many factors. In the case of Brazil, the State precedes the nation and the “fit” between the two is always complex and fraught with conflict.70 The vibrant literature that has appeared over the last thirty years emphasizes, as I will, that nations are cultural constructs that make claims to a collective identity, social solidarity, and the integration of the individual into membership in the whole. “Nationalism has become,” in the words of Lloyd Kramer, “the most widespread, influential political and cultural idea in the modern world because it gives people powerful stories to help them explain the meaning of their lives.”71 Nationalism, as Calhoun writes, is a discourse, a project, and an “ethical imperative.” The discourse seeks to frame a version of identity, the project strives to mobilize the population around that shared identity, and the imperative heightens the sense of national identity versus the “other.” In twentiethcentury Brazil, the Freyrean version of Brazilian identity becomes the dominant and “official” project. Although this identity clearly distinguishes the Brazilians from other peoples and nations, the lack of strong xenophobia in this project is striking. Nationalism, as I use it in my analysis, is an “expression of the desire among people who believe they have a common ancestry and a common destiny to govern themselves in a place peculiarly identified with their history and its fulfillment.”72 Prior to the emergence of the Brazilian nation, or other nations, people understood themselves and their lives in relation to their family, kin, villages, and locales. Scholars of nationalism continue to debate whether nationalism is a product of the modern world (or, in fact, created the modern world), but most place its emergence in the “age of revolutions” in the Atlantic world in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.73 Much ink has been spilt over whether nations and nationalism are constructs of the modern world or not and over ethnic versus civic nationalism. I will not enter into this debate, largely because it seems to me irrelevant in the case of Brazil (and for that matter, most of the Americas). Unlike so many peoples of the Old World (or even Mexico), Brazilians lay
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no claims to some ancient ethnic identity. Brazil’s cultural nationalism has been intimately connected with the construction of a new “ethnic” identity forged in the Americas since 1500 rather than an appeal to an ancient one rooted in the Old World (or the New).74 The dominant form of nationalism that emerges in twentieth-century Brazil is cultural rather than civic (until the very late twentieth century). As Renato Ortiz has pointed out, “The inability of Brazilian society to create national civic myths was due to a lack of a consciousness of citizenship.”75 While the great mass of Brazilians struggled throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century to make claims to citizenship, their efforts in the civic arena were much less successful than in the cultural arena. Through their shared popular culture, Brazilians participate in the idea of the nation.76 As Chapter 1 explains, this was especially true in the first half of the twentieth century. I argue (in Chapter 7) that in the last quarter of the century, cultural nationalism and an emerging civic nationalism converge in ways that transform Brazilians’ sense of their own identity. The flawed nature of citizenship in contemporary Brazil, however, remains a serious problem in what is now the world’s fourth largest democracy. The debates over Brazilian national identity in the twentieth century are bound up intimately with notions of modernity. In the nineteenth century, Brazilian (and other Latin American) elites strove to remake their new countries in the image of Europe. For these elites, “modern” equaled “European.”77 Argentina and Uruguay offer the most telling versions of this striving for modernity (a la Europe). Both Sarmiento and Rodó are emblematic of generations of Eurocentric “Creoles” who selfconsciously strove to remake their American societies into their idealized visions of Europe (especially France and England): educated, urban, industrial, technologically sophisticated, and white. It is no coincidence that these two iconic “Latin American” intellectuals lived and wrote in the two countries of the region most profoundly shaped by postcolonial European immigration. Their intellectual counterparts in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, the Andes, and Brazil lived and wrote in strikingly different, much more mestiço societies. For Brazilian intellectuals, modernity and Modernism carry complex meanings.78 By World War I, a Brazilian form of Modernism had emerged that consciously rejected the Eurocentric Modernism of Rodó and other Spanish American writers. In the 1920s, Brazilian Modernism emerged as a movement that explicitly and loudly proclaimed Brazil’s cultural independence from Europe.79 A “modern” Brazil, for these avant-garde artists and writers, was a nation that recognized and
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figure i.2 Candido Portinari, “Entry into the Forest,” Mural, Hispanic Reading Room, Library of Congress Source: Photo by Hart Preston/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
celebrated its mixed indigenous, African, and European heritage, but was also technologically, scientifically, and industrially advanced. This modernist movement became the crucible of the emergence of the dominant narrative of Brazilian national identity in the twentieth century. Many of these Modernists were the children of the political and economic elites. Initially the critics of the mainstream Brazilian cultural elite, by the 1940s many of the Modernists had become key figures in the government and the “official” arbiters of national culture. They had become functionaries of the State.80 The multiplicity of meanings and plasticity of “modernity” in Brazil is striking. The Modernists of the early twentieth century sought modernity in a “return” to the “traditional” and “authentic” in their own society. Their search took them to the traditions and customs of the popular classes, in particular, those of African and mestiço descent. As Florencia Garramuño has brilliantly argued, for the Brazilian Modernists, “primitivism functioned as a kind of bridge between copying the European avant-garde and discovering Brazil.”81 While the elites of the nineteenth century sought to
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create myths of nationhood by turning to the heroes and events of the wars for independence, the Modernists found the essence of Brazilian identity and nationalism in the cultural and social processes of the colonial era, especially the indigenous and African past. They sought to “recover” the “authentic” customs of the past to transform them into the foundations of national identity in the modern world. Throughout the twentieth century, many Brazilian intellectuals have marveled at the capacity of their society to blend the modern and the traditional, at the creation of a popular culture that draws on both. In the words of Ruben George Oliven, a “peculiarity of Brazilian society lies precisely in its capacity to take on those aspects of modernity that are of interest to it and to transform them into something suited to its own needs, in which the modern interacts with the traditional.”82
modernism The Brazilian Modernists of the early twentieth century saw themselves as participants in the latest and most advanced stage of Western history. They were, after all, an avant-garde. Like the nation-builders of nineteenth-century Latin America, they admired and respected the cultural, political, and economic accomplishments of the Europeans – especially the French, English, and Germans. Unlike their predecessors, they explicitly rejected the slavish Eurocentrism and “bourgeois” worldview of their parents’ and grandparents’ generations. They aspired to be modern, but modern Brazilians, not modern Europeans. They embraced the fruits of economic and political modernization while sharing with European Modernists skepticism about the values of bourgeois culture. Many of these Modernists eventually became the cultural managers of the State by the 1930s and 1940s, and like their nineteenth-century precursors, they sought to craft a modern State and nation using the tools produced by economic modernization.83 They became cultural engineers of Brazilian nation-building. A contemporary of the Modernists, but more closely allied with the cause of the so-called Regionalists, Gilberto Freyre turned to the folkways of the Northeast.84 While the Modernists were more closely identified with Brazil’s Southeast (especially Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais), the Regionalists were most notably from the Northeast (especially Pernambuco and Bahia). Although there was overlap and crossfertilization between the Modernists and Regionalists, the latter group had a much more conservative and backward-looking vision. Much like
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their contemporaries in the U.S. South, these Northeastern intellectuals wished to define their region within the nation and to emphasize its heritage and traditions.85 They produced poetry, novels, plays, and essays that (much like Southern U.S. literature during the same period) energized and enriched Brazilian literature. The tensions and interactions among these two movements stretched across the rest of the twentieth century and reflected the dynamic tensions among the multiple narratives of regional and national identity.86 Paradoxically, regionalism and nationalism emerged in the 1920s and 1930s in an ongoing dance of symbols, or in a series of “symbolic battles,” to quote Pierre Bourdieu.87 The regions that have become so stereotypical in Brazil, even to the point of official sanctification by government agencies at the state and national level, took shape most notably in the Northeast (especially Recife and Salvador), Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. Just as at the national level, multiple narratives competed at the regional level. Was the “Northeast” the vision of those in Recife, Salvador, the backlands, Ceará? Who would define gaúcho identity in the South? At the same time, paulistas, mineiros, and cariocas grappled with just what distinguished them from other Brazilians. Lúcia Lippi Oliveira has shown how these contending and contested regional narratives took shape and provide a variety of alternatives for those seeking to define Brazilian national identity. Although the central State under Getúlio Vargas attempted after 1930 to determine the outcome of the struggle among narratives, once again, the process was much more nuanced and complex than the once dominant interpretation of top-down, hegemonic control asserted in the past. Lippi Oliveira shows that each one of these regional identities contributed to the national conversation and the formation of national identities.88 As much of the literature on nation-building and nationalism asserts, in Brazil, the State precedes the nation.89 Out of the collapse of the colonial Iberian regimes in the 1810s and 1820s, the Creole elites seized control of the remnants of Bourbon and Braganza imperial political authority and labored to reshape that power to support national regimes and institutions in what would become some seventeen new countries by the 1850s. Those remnants of the imperial regime formed the core of the most basic functions of any State – the administration of public goods and a claim to a legitimate monopoly on violence. Nearly all the new Latin American countries struggled with reasserting the authority of the State in the aftermath of the destruction of the old bonds of imperial, monarchical authority. The power of the State in the nineteenth century rarely extended very
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far beyond the hinterlands of the main cities and towns, and when it did, it was often exercised by powerful landowners and their kinship networks. One of the great challenges in constructing Brazil was to make the State and the nation visible for the millions within the country’s presumed political borders.90 In contrast to the popular view that the State in Latin America has long been powerful and dominating, I agree with Miguel Centeno’s assessment that States in Latin America have historically been large, ineffective, and unable physically to integrate society until well into the twentieth century. These States have often been despotic in relation to civil society, yet weak in their institutional capacity and ability to implement decisions. Their power has been “shallow and contested” for much of the past two centuries.91 In Brazil, the “permanent institutional core of political authority” takes shape during three centuries of Portuguese colonialism and the leaders of the independence movement seize control of the State apparatus in the 1820s. Unlike their Spanish American counterparts, the Brazilian elites had the advantage of an independence transition led by the Braganza crown prince, and then his son.92 However weak the State in Brazil, it was committed to the preservation and expansion of slavery and the maintenance of a profoundly unequal social hierarchy as two of the principal pillars of the new nation.93 The challenge, as with all nation-builders, was to use the power of the State to create a nation out of a national project – to construct a nationstate. As Gellner points out, two persons are of “the same nation if and only if they share the same culture, where culture in turn means a system of ideas and signs and associations and ways of behaving and communicating.”94 Nationalism is the political program to create the nation. This requires the ability to construct a social framework to project and attempt to inculcate into the targeted population a common set of myths, rituals, and symbols – a form of secular religion.95 Ultimately, the objective is to create “a socially integrated body.”96 Elites attempt to do this through the power of the State to educate, conscript, and imprison, and through control of the media (to cite some of the most obvious instruments). I will emphasize in this interpretation that while the efforts of the State are fundamental, they are also sometimes ineffectual and, at other times, reshaped by unanticipated movements in various sectors of society and “from below.”97 The State is not simply an autonomous apparatus of power controlled by the elites to subject the masses. In the twentieth century, the State and popular culture are interpenetrating, interconnected, and inseparable. While those with great power may hold more cards than those large numbers of peoples with little power, their
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lives and destinies affect each other and the influence does not flow one way. The shaping of Brazilian identity is a multidimensional and multifoci process that cannot be simplified (as it was so often in the past) to State or cultural hegemony.98 Throughout the twentieth century, State and nation have shaped and reshaped each other in Brazil operating in parallel, both reinforcing and, at times, undermining each other.99 As the sections on television show, in particular, new media of mass communication completely alter our notions of “cultural hegemony,” “cultural imperialism,” and unidirectional shaping of culture. The State and powerful firms that control mass communications cannot, and do not, simply shape ideas and identities. The creation and diffusion of the Freyrean vision of Brazilian identity from the 1930s to the 1990s was an increasingly interactive and intense process made possible by the rise of mass media.100 The State, as Prasenjit Duara has noted, is never able to eliminate alternative constructions of the nation.101 The end goal of nationalism, quite explicitly, is to create homogeneity and the submission of the individual to the collective. It is the effort to impose a single narrative over all other competing narratives of region and nation. In twentieth-century Brazil, this nationalist project ultimately becomes the creation of a particular version of the “povo brasileiro,” the Brazilian people. This povo – this new ethnicity created out of the collision of three peoples – are the inhabitants of the Brazilian nation.102 The reemergence of nationalism and studies of national identity since the 1970s has provoked something of an intellectual countercurrent of scholars contesting the very notions of nationality and national identity. The emergence of Atlantic world history, the field of African diaspora studies, and a growing emphasis on transnational work have all led to sustained criticisms of the focus on nations and the national focus.103 While I appreciate these critiques, I see no reason to abandon the nation as a unit of analysis, studies of national identity, or nationalism. Each is a different lens offering views into the human experience and they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. As this book clearly demonstrates, Brazilian nationalism and identity have always been forged out of influences emerging within the political boundaries of Brazil and from outside – from North America, Europe, Africa, and even Asia. To separate the “national” and the “transnational” as competing analytical approaches is both unproductive and unnecessary. Amartya Sen has eloquently pointed out that everyone has multiple, multilayered identities – as citizens of nations, states, regions, kinship groups, genders, sexualities, and organizations, just to cite a few of the
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possibilities. “Socially,” Serge Gruzinski reminds us, “a person constantly deals with a galaxy of individuals, each of whom has multiple identities.”104 Communities are dynamic and constantly in flux composed simultaneously of coherence, integration, contradictions, divisions, and ambivalence. To be Brazilian does not mean one cannot also see oneself as a carioca, paulista, gaúcho, mineiro, or a citizen of other nations simultaneously.105 Unlike personal identity, collective identities are “constructed out of a synchronic web of affiliations and sentiments,” and they express “individuals’ sense of belonging within a society or community.”106 As this book shows, one of the great paradoxes of recent Brazilian nationalism (and other nationalisms as well) is the resurgence of regional identity formation parallel and in conjunction with the powerful centralizing push of the Brazilian State to forge a single national identity.107 As the conversation about national identity develops after the 1930s, other conversations about regional identities also take shape. As those from Minas Gerais forge a strong sense of mineiridade, those from Rio Grande do Sul become gaúchos, paulista identity emerges in São Paulo, and nordestino (northeasterner) identity takes shape, all of these various regional narratives are contested and contest national narratives.108 These regional identities take shape in a complex interaction with narratives of national identity and their “architects resided at the periphery as much as at the center.”109 As Barbara Weinstein has noted, Brazil in the early twentieth century “provides a compelling historical example of a period that witnessed both resurgent regionalism and emergent nationalism.”110 Being Brazilian is one of many identities, at times the most important of those identities, but not to the exclusion of the others. In the words of an eminent U.S. historian, David Potter, loyalty to the nation “flourishes not by challenging and overpowering all other loyalties, but by subsuming them all and keeping them in a reciprocally supportive relationship to one another.”111 National identity is constantly contested and reconstructed over generations. As Stuart Hall has argued, identity “is always constructed through memory, fantasy, narrative and myth. Cultural identities are . . . the unstable points of identification or suture, which are made within the discourses of history and culture. Not an essence but a positioning.”112 In this book, I am not trying to “define” Brazilian identity, rather I am examining how a constellation of rituals and symbols that most Brazilians see as quintessentially Brazilian (a collective solidarity) have come to be seen that way.113 I show how, over decades, what it means to be Brazilian emerges, evolves, and is constructed and
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reconstructed – how this identity is created out of contesting myths, rituals, and symbols. A set of beliefs – myths, to use the anthropological terminology – undergirds these rituals and symbols. Saying they are myths does not imply that they are not “true.” I use this term in the anthropological sense – as ordered systems of social thought that embody the fundamental perceptions of a people about their social life.114 They are beliefs that most citizens, at some level, see as defining the nation and its people. As Brian Owensby has put it, “the nation has represented a kind of sacred space premised on the incorporation and neutralization of historical time.” Our myths are “true stories” located outside of historical time.115 In the United States, for example, the belief in liberty, equality, and opportunity for all is one of the most cherished national myths. Although most in the United States firmly adhere to this belief, we know that not all are free, nor treated equally, and opportunity does not come for everyone. Yet, these beliefs remain at the core of what it means to be an American. Myths “can also be used to valorize the discontinuity between present and past, making the idea of history more plausible and appealing.”116 In this sense, myths are not only our beliefs, but also our dreams, aspirations, and ideals.117 The construction of Brazilian identity in the twentieth century, like the construction of identity in other nations, is not only a process of constructing myths, but also of what Ernst Renan called a process of “selective forgetting.”118 Perhaps the most notorious example of this cultural amnesia is Freyre’s version of mestiçagem, an interpretation of Brazilian history that downplays the violence, struggle, and pain millions of people experienced in centuries of racial and cultural mixing in a society built on slavery, the slave trade, the subjugation of indigenous peoples, and the repression that kept powerful landowners and merchants in control of a society composed overwhelmingly of poor, rural peoples. The distinguished historian Edmund Morgan eloquently observed in his study of the formation of the United States, “Government requires makebelieve. Make believe that the king is divine, make believe that he can do no wrong or make believe that the voice of the people is the voice of God . . . Make believe that all men are equal or make believe that they are not.” He goes on to argue that, “The political world of make-believe mingles with the real world in strange ways, for the make believe world may often mold the real one. In order to be viable, in order to serve its purpose, whatever that purpose may be, a fiction must bear some resemblance to fact.” The success of governments in Brazil, as in the United States, “requires the acceptance of fictions, requires the willing suspension
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of disbelief.”119 As Gilberto Freyre’s origin myth of Brazilian society became the dominant narrative of Brazilian identity in the mid-twentieth century, a succession of Brazilian governments strove to persuade all Brazilians that this fiction depicted Brazilian reality.
decline of the freyrean vision Ironically, at the very moment of the greatest success of the Freyrean vision of Brazil, as this central mythology had become so deeply entwined in the very fabric of thought in all sectors and all social classes within Brazil, the vision’s hold on many Brazilians began to erode and decline. The assault on this vision comes principally from two prominent directions – an intellectual elite and increasingly vocal groups within civil society organized around black (negro) and Afro-Brazilian identity.120 Although black consciousness movements (movimento negro) had started to appear in Brazil in the nineteenth century and achieved substantial visibility in the 1940s and 1950s, a more sustained and growing movement began to take shape in the 1970s and 1980s.121 The crystallizing moment, in many ways, was the centenary of the abolition of slavery in 1988, a moment of celebration (from the point of view of the Brazilian government) and a moment for reconsideration (from the point of view of many of these Afro-Brazilian groups). While the government promoted a multitude of conferences, commemorations, and events, black consciousness groups advocated and promoted something of a countercommemoration. (This moment in Brazil bears strong resemblance to the 1992 quincentennial commemorations/counter-commemorations in the United States of the landmark voyage of Christopher Columbus as well as Modern Art Week in Brazil in 1922.)122 Over the past thirty years, the push for black consciousness (conciência negra) and the forceful critique of Brazil as a racially blended society have produced a sustained challenge to the Freyrean vision of Brazil as a society with one ethnicity, one people – of all Brazilians as mestiços. In a sense, this is a fictive ethnicity, one that for many, if not most, Brazilians is not genetic or biological. They do not have to carry the genes of indigenous and African peoples in their bodies. They carry the shadows of these peoples in their souls. The late nineteenth-century conception of race as a biological entity, however, experienced an ironic resurgence in the late twentieth century. The white and black races that were essentialized by the spurious science of the late nineteenth century condemning the latter to inferiority and glorifying the former as the rulers of the earth has
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reemerged in novel ways in the last generation. Rather than moving away from these essential categories of race, many black activists have returned to them as a means to build solidary movements. They employ what might be called a “strategic essentialism.” Increasingly, the black consciousness groups from civil society have argued that Brazil is not a complex color continuum, but rather simply a bipolar society – of those who are “white” and those who are not. For these groups, Gilberto Freyre does not represent the affirmation of the African contribution to Brazilian culture. To the contrary, for them, Freyre annihilates “African” identity in Brazil and incorporates it into mainstream “white” culture. In affirming their black, African ancestry, these groups reject the myth of a “povo brasileiro,” of a single Brazilian ethnicity. They return to the biological notion that any person with “African” ancestry is black.123 The most visible example of this struggle in the past two decades has been the intense debate in Brazil over affirmative action, a debate that goes to the heart of what it means to be Brazilian.124 What this debate over “race” has too often failed to grasp is that the essence of Freyre’s vision was not simply biology and phenotype, but rather culture (shadows in the soul). The fluidity of phenotype may be fundamental to Brazilian society, but Freyre’s most important contribution to the narrative of national identity was his assertion that all Brazilians, regardless of the color of their skin, carry with them the cultural mestiçagem that defines the formation of the nation. For Freyre, culture trumps biology.125 The other major challenge to the Freyrean vision comes from intellectual and cultural elites. On a global scale, at the very moment that nationalism reemerged with a vengeance in the late twentieth century, intellectuals around the world had already begun to deconstruct “nation” and “nationalism.”126 From South Asia to Europe to the Americas, powerful critiques have taken apart the “narratives” of nationalism and nation. The very notion of national identity has come under systematic and relentless criticism. With the rise of transnational history, globalization, and interdisciplinarity within the academy, the very notion that one can write about nations and national identities is now considered suspect.127 Brazilians and Brazilianists over the past two decades have (like their intellectual counterparts in other areas of the world) systematically attacked the very notion of national identity and the existence of a Brazilian identity. What this interpretive book attempts is not to claim that there is some “essence” of Brazilian national identity that we can identify and delineate.128 Rather I seek to recover (to historicize in the language of
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cultural studies) how people in twentieth-century Brazil develop a consciousness of Brazilianness (brasilidade) and how that consciousness is principally defined (in their eyes) by the Freyrean mythology. We can see this consciousness in what I call the “national conversation” about brasilidade across the twentieth century. Many voices from all sectors of society participate in this conversation. By the middle of the century, the dominant voices in this conversation invoke the myths, symbols, and rituals associated with Freyre’s visions of mestiçagem. While it is the dominant voice and narrative, it is never the view of every single individual in Brazil, yet it is for much of the second half of the century the most powerful and pervasive narrative of Brazilian identity across regions and social classes. Its power and dominance are very much in question at the beginning of the twenty-first century. By historicizing this dominant narrative of Brazilian identity, we see how such identity narratives are transitory and ephemeral, even if able to endure for long periods. In Brazil, as in many nations, there are many competing narratives of national identity and however dominant any one of them, no narrative ever achieves universal resonance. The great dream of nation-builders to homogenize and completely integrate all its inhabitants into one people is ultimately a utopian chimera. Numerous authors have argued that Freyre “invented Brazil.”129 This is an old argument. This essay argues that Freyre invented one vision of Brazil, a powerful narrative that gradually triumphed over all others as the dominant perception of brasilidade. What I try to show in this book is how a sense of Brazilian culture emerges that is widespread, pervasive, and powerful, but transitory. As Renato Ortiz has also noted, one of the striking features of Brazilian society has been the longstanding intermingling of “erudite” (“high”) and “popular” (“low”) culture.130 This cultural intermingling is at the heart of this book. Moreover, culture is never static; it is always shifting and changing. The myths, rituals, and symbols that are so foundational for the Freyrean vision – mestiçagem as a cultural positive, samba, the classic carnaval of Rio de Janeiro, futebol – did not exist in 1880. They begin to blossom by the 1930s. The Freyrean vision takes off in the 1930s, gains power in the 1940s and 1950s, is ascendant in the 1960s and 1970s, and then begins its decline in the 1980s onward. This is the story of the rise and relative decline of one version of national identity, one that become enormously influential and pervasive, even dominant (for a time). Defining Brazilian identity in the middle of the twenty-first century, no doubt, will involve another set of myths, rituals, and symbols.
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The rise and relative fall of Gilberto Freyre’s vision accompanies the larger, structural changes across twentieth-century Brazilian history. Modernism, cultural nationalism, and the Freyrean vision all emerge in the 1920s and 1930s as a “modern” Brazil emerged out of a rural society, a coffee economy, and an intellectual discourse dominated by scientific racism. The upheavals of the 1920s – the tenente revolts, the emergence of socialism, an urban labor movement, Modernism – and the Revolution of 1930 mark the pivotal “moment” in the birth of modern Brazil. By the 1940s and 1950s, the emergence of an intelligentsia committed to national development (from the ideological left to the right), and a State that increasingly intervened to promote industrialization, helped produce an increasingly urban, industrial, and integrated nation. In the 1960s and 1970s, this developmental nationalism reached its limits under an authoritarian, military regime that officially endorsed Freyre’s vision of mestiçagem and his claims that Brazil was a racial democracy. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, the emergence of the neoliberal economic wave, globalization, and the critiques of the Freyrean vision all converged to mark the end of the developmental nationalism that had emerged in the era of Getúlio Vargas and blossomed in the postwar decades. By the 1990s, an increasingly fragmented intelligentsia, a growing and restive civil society, and a weakened nation-state marked the end of a historical period when the creation of a national identity constructed around a dominant narrative not only seemed possible, but close to realization.131 The last decade of the twentieth century also marks the emergence of a new technological era – of the Internet and global digital communications – that make the 1990s the logical terminus for my analysis.
an overview of the book This book is an interpretive essay that aims to stimulate further research on the many aspects of Brazilian national identity, nationalism, citizenship, and media that I bring together in my analysis. Rather than a comprehensive case for the argument, this book brings together work from a wide variety of fields and disciplines in ways that suggest new angles on Brazilian identity. The essay consists of nine parts: an introduction, seven chapters, and an epilogue. Chapter 1, “From the ‘Spectacle of Races’ to ‘Luso-Tropical Civilization,’” lays out for the reader the context of Brazilian history from independence to the early twentieth century focusing on the role of the State, regionalism, patrimonialism, and
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politics. At the core of the chapter is an overview of social thought in Brazil from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century, in particular, a discussion about race and national identity. The final section introduces the work of Gilberto Freyre, his vision of mestiçagem, and the debates over race and identity in the 1930s. The following chapter, “Communicating and Understanding Mestiçagem: Radio, Samba, and Carnaval,” turns to the first stage in the popularization of Freyre’s vision with the rise of radio, samba, and “domestication” of carnaval in Rio de Janeiro. I explore the emerging tension and dynamic between the planned efforts of the State (especially under Getúlio Vargas) to construct a coherent and hegemonic vision of brasilidade and the unplanned, constantly shifting tides of popular culture and tastes. This creative and dynamic tension can be seen in the emergence of samba and its consecration as an “authentic” and “national” form of music and the gradual reshaping of carnaval in Rio de Janeiro. Chapter 3, “Visualizing Mestiçagem: Literature, Film, and the Mulata,” focuses on the rise of popular cinema and how it functions as the second wave of mass communication as a vehicle for the national conversation about Brazilian identity from the 1930s to the 1980s. While radio provides the aural culture for this conversation, film contributes a very powerful visual culture, in particular, for the communication of the Freyrean vision via the novels of Jorge Amado and their film incarnations. At the heart of this vision of Freyre and Amado is the sensual mulata. Ironically, Carmen Miranda (in the 1930s and 1940s) and Sonia Braga (in the 1970s and 1980s) – two light-skinned women – became the iconic images of the blending of African and Portuguese cultures that Freyre placed at the center of mestiçagem. Chapter 4, “‘Globo-lizing’ Brazil: Televising Identity,” moves to the third wave of technological transformation, the emergence and proliferation of television broadcasting, in a period dominated by Rede Globo. With its ability to connect with virtually all the inhabitants of Brazil, Globo became the most powerful force in the shaping of a shared set of national myths, rituals, and symbols after 1970. In close collaboration with the military regime, Globo wielded an enormous power in communicating the regime’s official version of the Freyrean vision. The focus of this chapter is the Jornal Nacional (Globo’s evening news broadcast), telenovelas, and futebol beginning in the late 1960s. As with radio and film, we see the ongoing tension and dynamic as the State (and its instrument) attempts to impose a hegemonic vision on all Brazilians, yet it is never able to control or direct the rich and creative movements that emerge out of popular culture. Television became central
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to the lives of nearly all Brazilians by the 1980s and served as a powerful creator and mediator of popular culture. Given the importance of futebol (especially as shown on television after 1970), Chapter 5, “The Beautiful Game: Performing the Freyrean Vision,” departs from the technological waves of the previous three chapters (radio, film, television) to delve more deeply into what has been perhaps the most potent instrument of identity formation in twentiethcentury Brazil. The success and appeal of futebol, and Brazil’s unprecedented triumphs in the international arena, provided an extraordinary stage for performing the Freyrean vision. Many Brazilians (and foreigners) saw in the faces of the players and their style of play, especially those on the national team, the living imprint of Freyre’s claims. The phenomenal success of Brazil – World Cup victories in 1958, 1962, 1970 – and the roles of players such as Garrincha and Pelé, seemed to confirm that Brazil was the land of racial and cultural mixture and that mestiçagem produced results that confirmed the nation’s exuberance and greatness. As Roberto DaMatta has so eloquently written, futebol also became the vehicle for the convergence of cultural and civic nationalisms in late-twentieth-century Brazil. Chapter 6, “The Sounds of Cultural Citizenship,” returns to popular music to show how (along with futebol) it offers the most important forum for the conversation about national identity in Brazil in the second half of the century. Popular music in the decades after 1960 both reflects and shapes the multiple narratives about Brazilian identity on a truly national scale and plays a central role in the emergence of cultural and political citizenship by the 1970s and 1980s. Chapter 7, “Culture, Identity, and Citizenship,” brings the arc of the Freyrean vision to its downward turn by the 1980s and 1990s as intellectuals declared any national identity as illusory, and as they and many emerging AfroBrazilian groups denounced the Freyrean vision as racist and false. The recent struggle for affirmative action in Brazil vividly illustrates the weakening of the Freyrean vision and its relative decline as the dominant narrative of national identity. Ironically, this critique of Freyre emerges just as the transition from dictatorship to democracy mobilizes tens of millions of Brazilians to rally consciously around a sense of brasilidade, but one based not only a cultural identity, but also a civic identity built around access to civic and political rights and citizenship. I argue that the decades of cultural nationalism constructed around the Freyrean vision helped make possible the emergence of a powerful civic nationalism by the 1970s and 1980s. Ironically, with the florescence of civic nationalism and civil society among the multiple voices are many that challenge the
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Freyrean narrative. At the very moment that the technology of mass communications finally made it possible to create (quite literally) a national community, the dream of uniting all the inhabitants in Brazil around a shared set of myths, rituals, and symbols began to slip away. Finally, in the Epilogue, “Nation, Modernity, and Identity in the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries,” I return to the central arguments and ideas in this essay. I emphasize the power and diffusion of the Freyrean vision through popular culture and its constant interaction with State power. Beginning in the 1990s, and with the rise of the latest technological wave (the Internet), the meaning of national identity, whatever the narrative, has now become even more complicated and diffuse than ever. This new technology of mass communication and the emergence of a dynamic and divisive civil society in Brazil in the 1990s mark the end of an era. The dream of constructing nation-states in Latin America built around an imagined community bound together by a single narrative of national identity, as it turns out, is most likely an illusion even in the age of increasingly powerful States. What was an impossible dream of nation-builders in the nineteenth century seemed entirely possible to their successors in the mid-twentieth century, but now appears impossible in the twenty-first century. In retrospect, the lack of technologies of mass communication made the dreams unachievable in the nineteenth century, the dramatic expansion of these technologies in the twentieth century helped create the illusion of complete national cultural integration, and the global, digital technologies of the twenty-first century have made that integration difficult, if not impossible. Brazil’s experience with culture, technology, and identity in the twentieth century is not unique and should compel us to reflect on the same processes in the rest of Latin America and, indeed, the rest of the world.
notes 1. Craig Calhoun, Nationalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 5. 2. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. edn. (New York: Verso, 2006) [originally published in 1983]. 3. The Brazilians, like the French, envision “the imaginary (imaginaire) as a constructed landscape of collection aspirations.” Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), 31.
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4. Roberto DaMatta, “Digressão: a fábula das três raças, ou o problema do racismo à brasileira,” in Relativizando, introdução à antropologia social (Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1990), 58–87. I use the extremely complicated term race to mean culturally constructed categories defined by heredity, physical appearance, cultural characteristics, or essences. See, for example, Peter Wade, Carlos López Beltrán, Eduardo Restrepo, and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds., Mestizo Genomics: Race Mixture, Nation, and Science in Latin America (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014), 4. 5. Peter Fry, A persistência da raça: ensaios antropológicos sobre o Brasil e a África austral (Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2005), 215. 6. Freyre, Casa-grande e senzala, 343; and Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves, 278. 7. Recent genetic testing has shown that 87 percent of Brazilians have in their DNA genes that are at least 10 percent African in origin, and nearly half of this population self-classifies as white (branco) on the national census. Sérgio D. J. Pena e Maria Cátira Bortolini, “Pode a genética definir quem deve se beneficiar das cotas universitárias e demais ações afirmativas?” Estudos Avançados, 18:50 (January–April 2004), 43. In a recent study of the descendants of runaway slave communities (quilombolas) in the state of São Paulo, 40 percent of the genetic material was of African origin, 39 percent European, and 21 percent indigenous peoples. Reinaldo José Lopes, “Quilombola é 40% europeu, mostra DNA,” Folha de São Paulo, 18 setembro 2013. 8. Gilberto Freyre transforma a negatividade do mestiço em positividade, o que permite completar definitivamente os contornos de uma identitidade que há muito vinha sendo desenhada … O mito das três raças torna-se então plausível e pode-se atualizar como ritual. A ideologia da mestiçagem, que estava aprisionada nas ambiguidades das teorias racistas, ao ser reelaborada pode difundir-se socialmente e se tornar senso comum, ritualmente celebrado nas relações do cotidiano, ou nos grandes eventos como o carnaval e o futebol. O que era mestiço torna-se nacional.
Renato Ortiz, Cultura brasileira e identidade nacional (São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2006), 41. 9. “[N]enhum brasileiro despertou tantas paixões, pró e contra, quanto Gilberto Freyre.” Vamireh Chacon, A construção da brasilidade (Gilberto Freyre e sua geração) (Brasília: Paralelo 15 Editores, 2001), 14. The quote comes from Robin E. Sheriff, Dreaming Equality: Color, Race, and Racism in Urban Brazil (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001), 5. 10. “The high level of recognition of particularist ancestries seems to speak to the idea of the formation of a Freyrean-type metarace or racial fusion. Ethnic and racial boundaries appear blurred in the popular mindset in favor of a more inclusive nationalist category of Brazilianness.” Stanley R. Bailey, Legacies of Race: Identities, Attitudes, and Politics in Brazil (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009), 82–83. 11. “Like racial democracy had been in previous decades, a belief in the positive value of miscegenation remains relatively uncontested, a sort of commonsense truth that continues to represent beliefs about Brazilian race relations. Ideas about racial hybridity and syncretism continue to predominate in popular culture.” Edward E. Telles, Race in Another America: The
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13. 14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
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Significance of Skin Color in Brazil (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 77. Quote is from Sheila S. Walker, “Africanity vs. Blackness: Race, Class and Culture in Brazil,” NACLA Report on the Americas, 35:6 (2002), 20. Bailey, Legacies of Race, 80–83; Liv Rebecca Sovik, Aqui ninguém é branco (Rio de Janeiro: Aeroplano, 2009). “Brazil’s miscegenation is real and indicates relatively widespread interracial sociability.” Telles, Race in Another America, 192 and 223. “The racial democracy thesis … insists that the disproportionate impoverishment of blacks and their absence among elites is due to class discrimination and the legacy of slavery, and that the absence of state-sponsored segregation, a history of miscegenation, and social recognition of intermediate racial categories have upheld a unique racial order.” Mala Htun, “From ‘Racial Democracy’ to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil,” Latin American Research Review, 39:1 (February 2004), 64. Sueann Caulfield, drawing on the work of Reid Andrews, Peter Fry, Hebe Castro, and Robin Sheriff (among others) sees the power of the myth of mestiçagem as far back as the 1920s and concludes that the myths of racial democracy and mestiçagem, of racial ideals and persistent racism, “might have developed through social and intellectual interaction rather than a oneway dissemination of elite ideology.” In Defense of Honor: Sexual Morality, Modernity, and Nation in Early-Twentieth-Century Brazil (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000), 147–53; qu | |||||
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] | 2023-05-16T00:00:00 | It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’… | en | SportsDesk | https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2023/05/16/watch-peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/ | It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele’s gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” — The King — whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It’s a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele’s story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele’s son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we’re also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that’s kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery’s website.
Topped with a cross, Pele’s golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It’s a place that’s rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the ‘King’ deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | |||||
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 43 | https://www.tiktok.com/%40bestofthebeegees/video/7331048503772204321 | en | Make Your Day | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 34 | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/2017/03/ | en | Soccer, football or whatever | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | [
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"football or whatever",
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] | null | I am Lincoln W Chan from Hong Kong also aka Excapegoat at bigsoccer. This blog is mainly about all-time teams. | en | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | http://soccerfootballwhatever.blogspot.com/2017/03/ | I am Lincoln W Chan from Hong Kong also aka Excapegoat at bigsoccer. This blog is mainly about all-time teams. | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 95 | https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-borneo-post-sabah/20230517/282033331549015 | en | Zeitungen aus der ganzen Welt | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | Digital newsstand featuring 7000+ of the world’s most popular newspapers & magazines. Enjoy unlimited reading on up to 5 devices with 7-day free trial. | de | https://r.prcdn.co/res/de-de/g3416/t461201402/2/images/favicon.ico | null | ||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 63 | https://picclick.es/Francia-ES-2023-Unesco-PENA-Palacio-Nacional-10%2582%25AC-126298229824.html | en | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | es | /apple-touch-icon.png | null | ||||||||
3393 | dbpedia | 0 | 36 | https://app.wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/75649/where-to-eat-best-restaurants-in-caraguatatuba | en | Where to eat: the 50 best restaurants in Caraguatatuba | https://itin-dev.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/freeImage/z2rsSlWhGiKdTc8ceB9o3VfG4TRDmQ0c | https://itin-dev.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/freeImage/z2rsSlWhGiKdTc8ceB9o3VfG4TRDmQ0c | [
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] | null | [] | null | We've collected the most-often-mentioned 50 places from other articles, including favorites like Mar & Terra Restaurante, Ostra & Ouriço, and Tapera Branca Restaurante | /assets/favicon.png | Wanderlog | https://wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/75649/where-to-eat-best-restaurants-in-caraguatatuba | What's the weather like in Caraguatatuba?
It depends on when you visit! We've compiled data from NASA on what the weather is like in Caraguatatuba for each month of the year: see the links below for more information.
Weather in Caraguatatuba in January
Weather in Caraguatatuba in February
Weather in Caraguatatuba in March
Weather in Caraguatatuba in April
Weather in Caraguatatuba in May
Weather in Caraguatatuba in June
Weather in Caraguatatuba in July
Weather in Caraguatatuba in August
Weather in Caraguatatuba in September
Weather in Caraguatatuba in October
Weather in Caraguatatuba in November
Weather in Caraguatatuba in December
Looking for day-by-day itineraries in Caraguatatuba?
Get inspired for your trip to Caraguatatuba with our curated itineraries that are jam-packed with popular attractions everyday! Check them out here:
1-Day Caraguatatuba Itinerary
2-Day Caraguatatuba Itinerary
3-Day Caraguatatuba Itinerary
4-Day Caraguatatuba Itinerary
5-Day Caraguatatuba Itinerary | |||
3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 83 | https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2023/05/16/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/69419 | en | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | [
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"Malay Mail"
] | 2023-05-16T00:00:00 | SANTOS (Brazil), May 16 ― It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time,... | en | /theme_malaymail/images/logo-32x32.png | Malay Mail | https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2023/05/16/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-to-public-in-brazil/69419 | SANTOS (Brazil), May 16 ― It is a final resting place fit for “The King”: six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed “O Rei” ― The King ― whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
“It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place,” said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
“I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world.”
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
“But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in,” he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
“It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves,” cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometre (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. ―AFP | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 39 | https://international.la-croix.com/news/world/brazil-unprecedented-number-of-indigenous-people-killed-during-bolsonaros-administration/18237 | en | Brazil: unprecedented number of Indigenous people killed during Bolsonaro’s administration | https://admin.international.la-croix.com/assets/3c87a285-66a0-42da-851e-dd50bd2bfa17?format=jpg&width=1200&height=600 | https://admin.international.la-croix.com/assets/3c87a285-66a0-42da-851e-dd50bd2bfa17?format=jpg&width=1200&height=600 | [
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"Indigenous",
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] | null | [] | 2023-08-05T08:06:15+00:00 | During the Bolsonaro presidency, Indigenous groups reported an average number of 374 cases of violence against them every year | en | /build/images/favicon.png | La croix international | https://international.la-croix.com/news/world/brazil-unprecedented-number-of-indigenous-people-killed-during-bolsonaros-administration/18237 | During former president Jair Bolsonaro’s administration (2019-2022), 795 members of Indigenous peoples were killed in Brazil, with almost 200 killings each year, according to a report recently released by the Bishops’ Conference’s Indigenous Missionary Council (known by the Portuguese acronym CIMI).
All kinds of violence had a surge in that period, in which land invasions, deforestation, and the violation of Indigenous rights also impacted hundreds of groups all over the country. Most homicides were committed by ranchers or illegal miners, loggers, and fishermen who invaded Indigenous territories. Two thirds of them occurred in the Amazonian states of Roraima and Amazonas and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
That has been an unprecedented number of homicides in recent history. Between 2003-2015, for instance, there were 891 killings of Indigenous persons, an annual average of 68 each year. In the four past years, the average number of annual killings jumped to almost 199. During the Bolsonaro administration, Indigenous groups reported an average number of 374 cases of violence against them every year. Occurrences included murders, attempted murders, death threats, physical aggressions, sexual violence, abuse of power, and ethnic discrimination.
CIMI’s report also pointed out that there were 835 deaths of Indigenous children with ages up to four years in 2022. CIMI considers those deaths to be the result of the Brazilian State’s omission, given that they are connected to the lack of healthcare services and food assistance. During the four years of Bolsonaro’s tenure, there were 3,552 deaths of Indigenous babies and toddlers.
Violence and land disputes
According to CIMI, all such violence is directly connected to a project of extermination of the Indigenous peoples in Brazil by social segments interested in grabbing their lands. The report points out that more than 60 percent of the Indigenous territories in Brazil have not been totally conceded by the government to their legitimate inhabitants yet and present some kind of administrative pendency in the process. The land grant procedure was not even initiated in great part of the cases.
Without the official ownership of their lands, most Indigenous peoples in Brazil have to deal with invaders claiming to have a right to occupy them. But even in reservations fully recognized by the State, the illegal presence of miners and loggers is rather common.
Those problems, which have a historical nature in the South American country, have been greatly intensified during Bolsonaro’s years, affirmed Roberto Liebgott, a regional coordinator of CIMI in Southern Brazil. “Land invasions were programmatic during his government, with the indiscriminate exploitation of those territories by miners, loggers, and land grabbers who were many times backed by criminal organizations,” he said.
Roadmap for an Indigenous genocide
The Indigenous peoples were “dehumanized” during his tenure, Liebgott said, something that was reflected in the violence they suffered and in the lack of healthcare structure for them. “Bolsonaro created a roadmap for a genocide of Indigenous peoples through their displacement, the violation of their rights, the environmental destruction, and the dismantling of the governmental structure in charge of monitoring their living conditions,” he analyzed.
Júnior Hekurari, a Yanomami activist who has been struggling for his people’s right to have adequate healthcare service, described Bolsonaro’s administration as “a time of fear.” “Our territory was invaded by 20,000 illegal miners. Every day they were here threatening our communities, women, and children. We could not sleep with the noise of their heavy machinery,” he recalled.
Hekurari denounced the invasion several times, but the government never acted. At some point, the illegal miners took control of the government’s clinics in the Yanomami territory, and the Indigenous communities were left without any kind of support.
Not enough changes with Lula
In the first month of his administration, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva sent troops and police forces to take the invaders out of the Yanomami land and provided humanitarian relief. Now, the number of miners still operating there is much smaller, Hekurari said. “The army is here chasing the miners who are hidden in the rainforest. But that is not enough. In the city, the judiciary system has been releasing those invaders, despite the numerous crimes they perpetrated,” he lamented.
Indeed, while most Indigenous groups celebrate the fact that Bolsonaro did not manage to be re-elected and that Lula is now the president, many of their leaders have been complaining that their problems continue. “Life has never been easy for us. Brazil has always mistreated the Indigenous peoples. The past four years were marked by violence and violations, but we still do not feel much change with the new administration,” said Edinho Macuxi, a leader of the Indigenous Macuxi people in Roraima state.
Edinho said that the territory where the Macuxi and other groups live, called Raposa Serra do Sol, has been invaded by illegal miners – many of them are among the ones expelled from the Yanomami land. There, the dynamic is the same: they are arrested by officers and taken to a police station in the city just to be released after some time by the judiciary, he said. “Justice and Congress continue to be the same and tend to deny our rights. We need an effective protection policy from the federal government,” Edinho added. He said that many of the people who Bolsonaro incentivized to invade Indigenous lands will keep doing it in the future.
Urgent intervention needed
In the Amazonian state of Rondonia, the Karipuna people saw an immense invasion in their territory by loggers and fishermen during Bolsonaro’s tenure. They estimate that now a third of their lands are deforested. “There were a few focuses of invasion before, but in his government they had a terrible increase,” he lamented.
The police have been launching raids in the Karipuna territory, but they have not been enough to solve the problem, Adriano said. “We need permanent surveillance stations covering all sides of our territory, otherwise the invaders will keep entering again,” he affirmed.
Adriano has not been satisfied with the new authorities. He said the Karipuna people tried to schedule a meeting with members of the Ministry of the Environment and of the Ministry of Justice several times to present their problems, but they have never been received in Brasília. “We want to have a technical meeting with them, without intermediaries, to tell them how the government has to intervene to stop the invasion and the deforestation here. We want to be heard,” he said.
Adriano added that the Lula administration’s “romantic rhetoric” concerning the protection of Indigenous rights has to be accompanied by real action. In Liebgott’s opinion, Bolsonaro’s legacy of destruction will endure for years. “The government needs to rebuild the Indigenous policies and resume land grants, the protection of the territories, and the prevention of violence,” he said. | ||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 22 | https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_30-12-2022 | en | Guyana Chronicle E-Paper 30-12-2022 | [
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Here you'll find an answer to your question. | ||||
3393 | dbpedia | 2 | 81 | https://www.ibtimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil-3693383 | en | Pele's Gilded, Turf-lined Tomb Opens To Public In Brazil | [
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] | 2023-05-15T18:15:18-04:00 | Pele's gilded, turf-lined tomb opens to public in Brazil | en | International Business Times | https://www.ibtimes.com/peles-gilded-turf-lined-tomb-opens-public-brazil-3693383 | It is a final resting place fit for "The King": six months after the death of the man widely considered the greatest footballer of all time, Brazil opened Pele's gilded, football-turfed tomb to the public Monday.
Pele, who died on December 29 at age 82 after a battle with cancer, was laid to rest at the Ecumenical Memorial Cemetery in Santos, Brazil. It is a high-rise, 14-story mausoleum that holds the Guinness world record for the tallest cemetery on Earth.
Fans were greeted by two life-size golden statues of the player nicknamed "O Rei" -- The King -- whose remains rest inside a large golden vault displayed in the middle of a 200-square-meter (more than 2,000-square-foot) room carpeted in artificial turf.
"It surpassed my expectations. It's a really beautiful place," said Ronaldo Rodrigues, 44, a businessman who was first in line to visit the tomb, along with his wife.
"I hope lots of tourists will come visit and get to know a little about Pele's story, what he represented for Santos, Brazil and the entire world."
Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Pele is the only player in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970).
He scored a world record 1,281 goals during his more than two-decade career with Santos (1956-74), the New York Cosmos (1975-77) and the Brazilian national team.
In tears, Pele's son Edinho told reporters who flocked to the southeastern port city that the family was still struggling to cope with their loss.
"But we're also very proud and happy at all the affection and reverence that's kept pouring in," he said.
For now, entries to the tomb are limited to 60 people a day, via a sign-up form on the cemetery's website.
Topped with a cross, Pele's golden vault has black etchings on its sides depicting his 1,000th goal and his famous raised-fist goal celebration. The room is wallpapered with images of fans in a football stadium.
The resort-like cemetery also features an auto museum that now includes the Mercedes Benz S-280 the company gave Pele in 1974 to commemorate his 1,000th goal.
"It's a place that's rich in detail, all lovingly assembled in tribute, as the 'King' deserves," cemetery manager Paulo Campos told AFP.
The mausoleum sits less than a kilometer (0.6 mile) from the Vila Belmiro, the stadium where Pele played most of his storied career. | |||||
3393 | dbpedia | 3 | 59 | http://rio2016live.blogspot.com/ | en | Rio 2016,Games of the XXXI Olympiad | http://rio2016live.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | http://rio2016live.blogspot.com/favicon.ico | [] | [] | [] | [
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3393 | dbpedia | 1 | 40 | https://www.facebook.com/jovempannews/videos/3-em-1-13022023/913525269709323/ | en | By Jovem Pan NewsFacebook | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | Jovem Pan News war live. | de | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico | https://www.facebook.com/jovempannews/videos/3-em-1-13022023/913525269709323/ |