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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Way to go! Heidi now knows how many brains there must be for her to get one. But throwing herself in the midst of a clutch of hungry zombies is quite a risky endeavor. Hence Heidi wonders: what is the smallest number of brains that must be in the chest ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dreamoon is standing at the position 0 on a number line. Drazil is sending a list of commands through Wi-Fi to Dreamoon's smartphone and Dreamoon follows them. Each command is one of the following two types: Go 1 unit towards the positive direction, ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. On February, 30th n students came in the Center for Training Olympiad Programmers (CTOP) of the Berland State University. They came one by one, one after another. Each of them went in, and before sitting down at his desk, greeted with those who were pre...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One beautiful day Vasily the bear painted 2m circles of the same radius R on a coordinate plane. Circles with numbers from 1 to m had centers at points (2R - R, 0), (4R - R, 0), ..., (2Rm - R, 0), respectively. Circles with numbers from m + 1 to 2m had ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Allen wants to enter a fan zone that occupies a round square and has $n$ entrances. There already is a queue of $a_i$ people in front of the $i$-th entrance. Each entrance allows one person from its queue to enter the fan zone in one minute. Allen use...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Buses run between the cities A and B, the first one is at 05:00 AM and the last one departs not later than at 11:59 PM. A bus from the city A departs every a minutes and arrives to the city B in a t_{a} minutes, and a bus from the city B departs every b...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Natasha is planning an expedition to Mars for $n$ people. One of the important tasks is to provide food for each participant. The warehouse has $m$ daily food packages. Each package has some food type $a_i$. Each participant must eat exactly one food ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Tonight is brain dinner night and all zombies will gather together to scarf down some delicious brains. The artful Heidi plans to crash the party, incognito, disguised as one of them. Her objective is to get away with at least one brain, so she can anal...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There exists an island called Arpa’s land, some beautiful girls live there, as ugly ones do. Mehrdad wants to become minister of Arpa’s land. Arpa has prepared an exam. Exam has only one question, given n, print the last digit of 1378^{n}. [Image] ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One day Vasya the Hipster decided to count how many socks he had. It turned out that he had a red socks and b blue socks. According to the latest fashion, hipsters should wear the socks of different colors: a red one on the left foot, a blue one on the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Luke Skywalker got locked up in a rubbish shredder between two presses. R2D2 is already working on his rescue, but Luke needs to stay alive as long as possible. For simplicity we will assume that everything happens on a straight line, the presses are in...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. These days Arkady works as an air traffic controller at a large airport. He controls a runway which is usually used for landings only. Thus, he has a schedule of planes that are landing in the nearest future, each landing lasts $1$ minute. He was asked...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You're given an array $a$ of length $n$. You can perform the following operation on it as many times as you want: Pick two integers $i$ and $j$ $(1 \le i,j \le n)$ such that $a_i+a_j$ is odd, then swap $a_i$ and $a_j$. What is lexicographically the s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A permutation is a sequence of integers p_1, p_2, ..., p_{n}, consisting of n distinct positive integers, each of them doesn't exceed n. Let's denote the i-th element of permutation p as p_{i}. We'll call number n the size of permutation p_1, p_2, ..., ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are playing the following game. There are n points on a plane. They are the vertices of a regular n-polygon. Points are labeled with integer numbers from 1 to n. Each pair of distinct points is connected by a diagonal, which is colored in one of 26 ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are n problems prepared for the next Codeforces round. They are arranged in ascending order by their difficulty, and no two problems have the same difficulty. Moreover, there are m pairs of similar problems. Authors want to split problems between ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The math faculty of Berland State University has suffered the sudden drop in the math skills of enrolling students. This year the highest grade on the entrance math test was 8. Out of 100! Thus, the decision was made to make the test easier. Future stu...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Once upon a time there was only one router in the well-known company Bmail. Years went by and over time new routers were purchased. Every time they bought a new router, they connected it to one of the routers bought before it. You are given the values $...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let $n$ be an integer. Consider all permutations on integers $1$ to $n$ in lexicographic order, and concatenate them into one big sequence $p$. For example, if $n = 3$, then $p = [1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1]$. The length of thi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an array $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. You can perform the following operation any number of times: Choose a pair of two neighboring equal elements $a_i = a_{i + 1}$ (if there is at least one such pair). Replace them by one element with value ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Berland has a long and glorious history. To increase awareness about it among younger citizens, King of Berland decided to compose an anthem. Though there are lots and lots of victories in history of Berland, there is the one that stand out the most. K...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dima and his friends have been playing hide and seek at Dima's place all night. As a result, Dima's place got messy. In the morning they decided that they need to clean the place. To decide who exactly would clean the apartment, the friends want to pla...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. — This is not playing but duty as allies of justice, Nii-chan! — Not allies but justice itself, Onii-chan! With hands joined, go everywhere at a speed faster than our thoughts! This time, the Fire Sisters — Karen and Tsukihi — is heading for somewhere...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Eric is the teacher of graph theory class. Today, Eric teaches independent set and edge-induced subgraph. Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, an independent set is a subset of vertices $V' \subset V$ such that for every pair $u,v \in V'$, $(u,v) \not \in E$ (i.e....
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Berland, 2016. The exchange rate of currency you all know against the burle has increased so much that to simplify the calculations, its fractional part was neglected and the exchange rate is now assumed to be an integer. Reliable sources have informed...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. According to rules of the Berland fashion, a jacket should be fastened by all the buttons except only one, but not necessarily it should be the last one. Also if the jacket has only one button, it should be fastened, so the jacket will not swinging open...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Anton loves transforming one permutation into another one by swapping elements for money, and Ira doesn't like paying for stupid games. Help them obtain the required permutation by paying as little money as possible. More formally, we have two permutat...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In the city of Ultima Thule job applicants are often offered an IQ test. The test is as follows: the person gets a piece of squared paper with a 4 × 4 square painted on it. Some of the square's cells are painted black and others are painted white. You...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are $n$ chips arranged in a circle, numbered from $1$ to $n$. Initially each chip has black or white color. Then $k$ iterations occur. During each iteration the chips change their colors according to the following rules. For each chip $i$, three...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given array a with n elements and the number m. Consider some subsequence of a and the value of least common multiple (LCM) of its elements. Denote LCM as l. Find any longest subsequence of a with the value l ≤ m. A subsequence of a is an array...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value a_{i} associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following co...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasily the bear has a favorite rectangle, it has one vertex at point (0, 0), and the opposite vertex at point (x, y). Of course, the sides of Vasya's favorite rectangle are parallel to the coordinate axes. Vasya also loves triangles, if the triangles ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Everyone loves a freebie. Especially students. It is well-known that if in the night before exam a student opens window, opens the student's record-book and shouts loudly three times "Fly, freebie, fly!" — then flown freebie helps him to pass the upcom...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Now Vasya is taking an exam in mathematics. In order to get a good mark, Vasya needs to guess the matrix that the teacher has constructed! Vasya knows that the matrix consists of n rows and m columns. For each row, he knows the xor (bitwise excluding o...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ancient Egyptians are known to have used a large set of symbols $\sum$ to write on the walls of the temples. Fafa and Fifa went to one of the temples and found two non-empty words S_1 and S_2 of equal lengths on the wall of temple written one below the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given integers N and M. Consider a sequence a of length N consisting of positive integers such that a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_N = M. Find the maximum possible value of the greatest common divisor of a_1, a_2, ..., a_N. -----Constraints----- - All va...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an undirected connected weighted graph with N vertices and M edges that contains neither self-loops nor double edges. The i-th (1≤i≤M) edge connects vertex a_i and vertex b_i with a distance of c_i. Here, a self-loop is an edge where a_i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given is a string S. Each character in S is either a digit (0, ..., 9) or ?. Among the integers obtained by replacing each occurrence of ? with a digit, how many have a remainder of 5 when divided by 13? An integer may begin with 0. Since the answer can...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Since the giant heads have appeared in the sky all humanity is in danger, so all Ricks and Mortys from all parallel universes are gathering in groups to find a solution to get rid of them. There are n parallel universes participating in this event (n ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an array $a$ of $n$ integers, where $n$ is odd. You can make the following operation with it: Choose one of the elements of the array (for example $a_i$) and increase it by $1$ (that is, replace it with $a_i + 1$). You want to make the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a text of single-space separated words, consisting of small and capital Latin letters. Volume of the word is number of capital letters in the word. Volume of the text is maximum volume of all words in the text. Calculate the volume of th...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Caisa is going to have a party and he needs to buy the ingredients for a big chocolate cake. For that he is going to the biggest supermarket in town. Unfortunately, he has just s dollars for sugar. But that's not a reason to be sad, because there are n...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Toad Ivan has $m$ pairs of integers, each integer is between $1$ and $n$, inclusive. The pairs are $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2), \ldots, (a_m, b_m)$. He asks you to check if there exist two integers $x$ and $y$ ($1 \leq x < y \leq n$) such that in each giv...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasiliy is fond of solving different tasks. Today he found one he wasn't able to solve himself, so he asks you to help. Vasiliy is given n strings consisting of lowercase English letters. He wants them to be sorted in lexicographical order (as in the d...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Petya studies in a school and he adores Maths. His class has been studying arithmetic expressions. On the last class the teacher wrote three positive integers a, b, c on the blackboard. The task was to insert signs of operations '+' and '*', and probabl...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are n parliamentarians in Berland. They are numbered with integers from 1 to n. It happened that all parliamentarians with odd indices are Democrats and all parliamentarians with even indices are Republicans. New parliament assembly hall is a rec...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Limak and Radewoosh are going to compete against each other in the upcoming algorithmic contest. They are equally skilled but they won't solve problems in the same order. There will be n problems. The i-th problem has initial score p_{i} and it takes e...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Sakuzyo - Imprinting A.R.C. Markland-N is a tall building with $n$ floors numbered from $1$ to $n$. Between each two adjacent floors in the building, there is a staircase connecting them. It's lunchtime for our sensei Colin "ConneR" Neumann Jr, and he...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp is preparing the first programming contest for robots. There are $n$ problems in it, and a lot of robots are going to participate in it. Each robot solving the problem $i$ gets $p_i$ points, and the score of each robot in the competition is cal...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Piegirl is buying stickers for a project. Stickers come on sheets, and each sheet of stickers contains exactly n stickers. Each sticker has exactly one character printed on it, so a sheet of stickers can be described by a string of length n. Piegirl wan...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Karl likes Codeforces and subsequences. He wants to find a string of lowercase English letters that contains at least $k$ subsequences codeforces. Out of all possible strings, Karl wants to find a shortest one. Formally, a codeforces subsequence of a s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Sagheer is playing a game with his best friend Soliman. He brought a tree with n nodes numbered from 1 to n and rooted at node 1. The i-th node has a_{i} apples. This tree has a special property: the lengths of all paths from the root to any leaf have t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are planning to build housing on a street. There are $n$ spots available on the street on which you can build a house. The spots are labeled from $1$ to $n$ from left to right. In each spot, you can build a house with an integer height between $0$ a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Very soon Berland will hold a School Team Programming Olympiad. From each of the m Berland regions a team of two people is invited to participate in the olympiad. The qualifying contest to form teams was held and it was attended by n Berland students. T...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Natasha is going to fly to Mars. She needs to build a rocket, which consists of several stages in some order. Each of the stages is defined by a lowercase Latin letter. This way, the rocket can be described by the string — concatenation of letters, whic...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Nothing has changed since the last round. Dima and Inna still love each other and want to be together. They've made a deal with Seryozha and now they need to make a deal with the dorm guards... There are four guardposts in Dima's dorm. Each post contai...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp has n dice d_1, d_2, ..., d_{n}. The i-th dice shows numbers from 1 to d_{i}. Polycarp rolled all the dice and the sum of numbers they showed is A. Agrippina didn't see which dice showed what number, she knows only the sum A and the values d_1,...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Andrewid the Android is a galaxy-famous detective. He is now investigating a case of frauds who make fake copies of the famous Stolp's gears, puzzles that are as famous as the Rubik's cube once was. Its most important components are a button and a line...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Bob and Alice are often participating in various programming competitions. Like many competitive programmers, Alice and Bob have good and bad days. They noticed, that their lucky and unlucky days are repeating with some period. For example, for Alice da...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Kostya is a genial sculptor, he has an idea: to carve a marble sculpture in the shape of a sphere. Kostya has a friend Zahar who works at a career. Zahar knows about Kostya's idea and wants to present him a rectangular parallelepiped of marble from whic...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There is a grid of square cells with H horizontal rows and W vertical columns. The cell at the i-th row and the j-th column will be denoted as Cell (i, j). In Cell (i, j), a_{ij} coins are placed. You can perform the following operation any number of ti...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Inna and Dima decided to surprise Sereja. They brought a really huge candy matrix, it's big even for Sereja! Let's number the rows of the giant matrix from 1 to n from top to bottom and the columns — from 1 to m, from left to right. We'll represent the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let's define logical OR as an operation on two logical values (i. e. values that belong to the set {0, 1}) that is equal to 1 if either or both of the logical values is set to 1, otherwise it is 0. We can define logical OR of three or more logical value...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Gennady owns a small hotel in the countryside where he lives a peaceful life. He loves to take long walks, watch sunsets and play cards with tourists staying in his hotel. His favorite game is called "Mau-Mau". To play Mau-Mau, you need a pack of $52$ ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. After celebrating the midcourse the students of one of the faculties of the Berland State University decided to conduct a vote for the best photo. They published the photos in the social network and agreed on the rules to choose a winner: the photo whic...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Your friend Mishka and you attend a calculus lecture. Lecture lasts n minutes. Lecturer tells a_{i} theorems during the i-th minute. Mishka is really interested in calculus, though it is so hard to stay awake for all the time of lecture. You are given ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In a galaxy far, far away Lesha the student has just got to know that he has an exam in two days. As always, he hasn't attended any single class during the previous year, so he decided to spend the remaining time wisely. Lesha knows that today he can s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In Berland, there is the national holiday coming — the Flag Day. In the honor of this event the president of the country decided to make a big dance party and asked your agency to organize it. He has several conditions: overall, there must be m dances;...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Masha has three sticks of length $a$, $b$ and $c$ centimeters respectively. In one minute Masha can pick one arbitrary stick and increase its length by one centimeter. She is not allowed to break sticks. What is the minimum number of minutes she needs ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an integer $n$ ($n \ge 0$) represented with $k$ digits in base (radix) $b$. So, $$n = a_1 \cdot b^{k-1} + a_2 \cdot b^{k-2} + \ldots a_{k-1} \cdot b + a_k.$$ For example, if $b=17, k=3$ and $a=[11, 15, 7]$ then $n=11\cdot17^2+15\cdot17+7...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Chouti and his classmates are going to the university soon. To say goodbye to each other, the class has planned a big farewell party in which classmates, teachers and parents sang and danced. Chouti remembered that $n$ persons took part in that party. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Today, Wet Shark is given n integers. Using any of these integers no more than once, Wet Shark wants to get maximum possible even (divisible by 2) sum. Please, calculate this value for Wet Shark. Note, that if Wet Shark uses no integers from the n int...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In Berland there are n cities and n - 1 bidirectional roads. Each road connects some pair of cities, from any city you can get to any other one using only the given roads. In each city there is exactly one repair brigade. To repair some road, you need ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dima and Seryozha live in an ordinary dormitory room for two. One day Dima had a date with his girl and he asked Seryozha to leave the room. As a compensation, Seryozha made Dima do his homework. The teacher gave Seryozha the coordinates of n distinct ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. When preparing a tournament, Codeforces coordinators try treir best to make the first problem as easy as possible. This time the coordinator had chosen some problem and asked $n$ people about their opinions. Each person answered whether this problem is ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In Omkar's last class of math, he learned about the least common multiple, or $LCM$. $LCM(a, b)$ is the smallest positive integer $x$ which is divisible by both $a$ and $b$. Omkar, having a laudably curious mind, immediately thought of a problem involv...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Greatest common divisor GCD(a, b) of two positive integers a and b is equal to the biggest integer d such that both integers a and b are divisible by d. There are many efficient algorithms to find greatest common divisor GCD(a, b), for example, Euclid a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. After overcoming the stairs Dasha came to classes. She needed to write a password to begin her classes. The password is a string of length n which satisfies the following requirements: There is at least one digit in the string, There is at least one l...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Some natural number was written on the board. Its sum of digits was not less than k. But you were distracted a bit, and someone changed this number to n, replacing some digits with others. It's known that the length of the number didn't change. You hav...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Andrew prefers taxi to other means of transport, but recently most taxi drivers have been acting inappropriately. In order to earn more money, taxi drivers started to drive in circles. Roads in Andrew's city are one-way, and people are not necessary abl...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. User ainta has a permutation p_1, p_2, ..., p_{n}. As the New Year is coming, he wants to make his permutation as pretty as possible. Permutation a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} is prettier than permutation b_1, b_2, ..., b_{n}, if and only if there exists an int...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hongcow is learning to spell! One day, his teacher gives him a word that he needs to learn to spell. Being a dutiful student, he immediately learns how to spell the word. Hongcow has decided to try to make new words from this one. He starts by taking t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Berland shop sells $n$ kinds of juices. Each juice has its price $c_i$. Each juice includes some set of vitamins in it. There are three types of vitamins: vitamin "A", vitamin "B" and vitamin "C". Each juice can contain one, two or all three types of vi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Основой любой социальной сети является отношение дружбы между двумя пользователями в том или ином смысле. В одной известной социальной сети дружба симметрична, то есть если a является другом b, то b также является другом a. В этой же сети есть функция...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. As it's the first of April, Heidi is suspecting that the news she reads today are fake, and she does not want to look silly in front of all the contestants. She knows that a newspiece is fake if it contains heidi as a subsequence. Help Heidi assess whet...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Limak is a little polar bear. He likes nice strings — strings of length n, consisting of lowercase English letters only. The distance between two letters is defined as the difference between their positions in the alphabet. For example, $\operatorname{...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. An n × n square matrix is special, if: it is binary, that is, each cell contains either a 0, or a 1; the number of ones in each row and column equals 2. You are given n and the first m rows of the matrix. Print the number of special n × n matrices, ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya likes to solve equations. Today he wants to solve $(x~\mathrm{div}~k) \cdot (x \bmod k) = n$, where $\mathrm{div}$ and $\mathrm{mod}$ stand for integer division and modulo operations (refer to the Notes below for exact definition). In this equatio...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vladik often travels by trains. He remembered some of his trips especially well and I would like to tell you about one of these trips: Vladik is at initial train station, and now n people (including Vladik) want to get on the train. They are already li...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given is a directed graph G with N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 1 to N, and the i-th edge is directed from Vertex A_i to Vertex B_i. It is guaranteed that the graph contains no self-loops or multiple edges. Determine whether there e...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N cells arranged in a row, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N from left to right. Tak lives in these cells and is currently on Cell 1. He is trying to reach Cell N by using the procedure described below. You are given an integer K that is less than or e...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Three companies decided to order a billboard with pictures of their logos. A billboard is a big square board. A logo of each company is a rectangle of a non-zero area. Advertisers will put up the ad only if it is possible to place all three logos on t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. It seems like the year of 2013 came only yesterday. Do you know a curious fact? The year of 2013 is the first year after the old 1987 with only distinct digits. Now you are suggested to solve the following problem: given a year number, find the minimum...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Emuskald is addicted to Codeforces, and keeps refreshing the main page not to miss any changes in the "recent actions" list. He likes to read thread conversations where each thread consists of multiple messages. Recent actions shows a list of n differe...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A way to make a new task is to make it nondeterministic or probabilistic. For example, the hard task of Topcoder SRM 595, Constellation, is the probabilistic version of a convex hull. Let's try to make a new task. Firstly we will use the following task...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A boy named Ayrat lives on planet AMI-1511. Each inhabitant of this planet has a talent. Specifically, Ayrat loves running, moreover, just running is not enough for him. He is dreaming of making running a real art. First, he wants to construct the runn...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a chessboard of size 1 × n. It is guaranteed that n is even. The chessboard is painted like this: "BWBW...BW". Some cells of the board are occupied by the chess pieces. Each cell contains no more than one chess piece. It is known that the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Kolya is going to make fresh orange juice. He has n oranges of sizes a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Kolya will put them in the juicer in the fixed order, starting with orange of size a_1, then orange of size a_2 and so on. To be put in the juicer the orange must...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Bob is a farmer. He has a large pasture with many sheep. Recently, he has lost some of them due to wolf attacks. He thus decided to place some shepherd dogs in such a way that all his sheep are protected. The pasture is a rectangle consisting of R × C ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Okabe and Super Hacker Daru are stacking and removing boxes. There are n boxes numbered from 1 to n. Initially there are no boxes on the stack. Okabe, being a control freak, gives Daru 2n commands: n of which are to add a box to the top of the stack, a...