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The legendary Farmer John is throwing a huge party, and animals from all over the world are hanging out at his house. His guests are hungry, so he instructs his cow Bessie to bring out the snacks! Moo!
There are $n$ snacks flavors, numbered with intege... |
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Consider some positive integer $x$. Its prime factorization will be of form $x = 2^{k_1} \cdot 3^{k_2} \cdot 5^{k_3} \cdot \dots$
Let's call $x$ elegant if the greatest common divisor of the sequence $k_1, k_2, \dots$ is equal to $1$. For example, numb... |
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A fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a positive integer is called a unit fraction. A representation of a positive rational number p/q as the sum of finitely many unit fractions is called a partition of p/q into unit fractions. For ex... |
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There are $n$ candies in a row, they are numbered from left to right from $1$ to $n$. The size of the $i$-th candy is $a_i$.
Alice and Bob play an interesting and tasty game: they eat candy. Alice will eat candy from left to right, and Bob — from right... |
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One day Alice visited Byteland to purchase jewels for her upcoming wedding anniversary.
In Byteland, every Jewelry shop has their own discount methods to attract the customers. One discount method called Buy1-Get1 caught Alice's attention. That is, Alic... |
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Ivan has got an array of n non-negative integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Ivan knows that the array is sorted in the non-decreasing order.
Ivan wrote out integers 2^{a}_1, 2^{a}_2, ..., 2^{a}_{n} on a piece of paper. Now he wonders, what minimum number o... |
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You are given two integers K and S.
Three variable X, Y and Z takes integer values satisfying 0≤X,Y,Z≤K.
How many different assignments of values to X, Y and Z are there such that X + Y + Z = S?
Constraints
* 2≤K≤2500
* 0≤S≤3K
* K and S are integers.
... |
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Hierarchical Democracy
The presidential election in Republic of Democratia is carried out through multiple stages as follows.
1. There are exactly two presidential candidates.
2. At the first stage, eligible voters go to the polls of his/her electoral... |
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One important contest will take place on the most famous programming platform (Topforces) very soon!
The authors have a pool of $n$ problems and should choose at most three of them into this contest. The prettiness of the $i$-th problem is $a_i$. The a... |
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Gerald got a very curious hexagon for his birthday. The boy found out that all the angles of the hexagon are equal to $120^{\circ}$. Then he measured the length of its sides, and found that each of them is equal to an integer number of centimeters. Ther... |
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problem
There are n islands in JOI, and each island is numbered from 1 to n. Currently, the JOI country is developing a route network connecting each island.
You work at a ticket center that handles ship tickets. There are many people in JOI who want ... |
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There are N stones, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N. For each i (1 \leq i \leq N), the height of Stone i is h_i.
There is a frog who is initially on Stone 1. He will repeat the following action some number of times to reach Stone N:
* If the frog is currentl... |
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Luckily, Serval got onto the right bus, and he came to the kindergarten on time. After coming to kindergarten, he found the toy bricks very funny.
He has a special interest to create difficult problems for others to solve. This time, with many $1 \time... |
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###Task:
You have to write a function `pattern` which creates the following pattern (see examples) up to the desired number of rows.
* If the Argument is 0 or a Negative Integer then it should return "" i.e. empty string.
* If any even number is pass... |
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You have stumbled across the divine pleasure that is owning a dog and a garden. Now time to pick up all the cr@p! :D
Given a 2D array to represent your garden, you must find and collect all of the dog cr@p - represented by '@'.
You will also be given ... |
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# Task
Find the integer from `a` to `b` (included) with the greatest number of divisors. For example:
```
divNum(15, 30) ==> 24
divNum(1, 2) ==> 2
divNum(0, 0) ==> 0
divNum(52, 156) ==> 120
```
If there are several numbers that have the sa... |
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Johnny needs to make a rectangular box for his physics class project. He has bought P cm of wire and S cm^{2} of special paper. He would like to use all the wire (for the 12 edges) and paper (for the 6 sides) to make the box.
What is the largest volume ... |
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This is an easier version of the problem with smaller constraints.
Korney Korneevich dag up an array $a$ of length $n$. Korney Korneevich has recently read about the operation bitwise XOR , so he wished to experiment with it. For this purpose, he decid... |
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Alice became interested in periods of integer numbers. We say positive $X$ integer number is periodic with length $L$ if there exists positive integer number $P$ with $L$ digits such that $X$ can be written as $PPPP…P$. For example:
$X = 123123123$ is ... |
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Vasily has a deck of cards consisting of n cards. There is an integer on each of the cards, this integer is between 1 and 100 000, inclusive. It is possible that some cards have the same integers on them.
Vasily decided to sort the cards. To do this, h... |
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# Introduction
The first century spans from the **year 1** *up to* and **including the year 100**, **The second** - *from the year 101 up to and including the year 200*, etc.
# Task :
Given a year, return the century it is in.
Write your solution by... |
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Given some positive integers, I wish to print the integers such that all take up the same width by adding a minimum number of leading zeroes. No leading zeroes shall be added to the largest integer.
For example, given `1, 23, 2, 17, 102`, I wish to pri... |
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"Contestant who earns a score equal to or greater than the k-th place finisher's score will advance to the next round, as long as the contestant earns a positive score..." — an excerpt from contest rules.
A total of n participants took part in the cont... |
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Everything got unclear to us in a far away constellation Tau Ceti. Specifically, the Taucetians choose names to their children in a very peculiar manner.
Two young parents abac and bbad think what name to give to their first-born child. They decided th... |
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Increasing E869120 (Ninja E869120)
E869120 You are good at alter ego.
Here are $ N $ members of the PA Lab. But some of them may be E869120.
So you asked all the $ N $ members of the PA Lab for their names. As a result, the $ N $ members named themse... |
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You are given a tree (an undirected connected graph without cycles) and an integer s.
Vanya wants to put weights on all edges of the tree so that all weights are non-negative real numbers and their sum is s. At the same time, he wants to make the diame... |
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Ievan Ritola is a researcher of behavioral ecology. Her group visited a forest to analyze an ecological system of some kinds of foxes.
The forest can be expressed as a two-dimensional plane. With her previous research, foxes in the forest are known to ... |
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In mathematics, a [Diophantine equation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_equation) is a polynomial equation, usually with two or more unknowns, such that only the integer solutions are sought or studied.
In this kata we want to find all integ... |
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Find the largest square number not exceeding N. Here, a square number is an integer that can be represented as the square of an integer.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq N \leq 10^9
- N is an integer.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input... |
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Given two integer arrays where the second array is a shuffled duplicate of the first array with one element missing, find the missing element.
Please note, there may be duplicates in the arrays, so checking if a numerical value exists in one and not th... |
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You are given a string $s$ of length $n$ consisting of characters a and/or b.
Let $\operatorname{AB}(s)$ be the number of occurrences of string ab in $s$ as a substring. Analogically, $\operatorname{BA}(s)$ is the number of occurrences of ba in $s$ as ... |
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Very soon Berland will hold a School Team Programming Olympiad. From each of the m Berland regions a team of two people is invited to participate in the olympiad. The qualifying contest to form teams was held and it was attended by n Berland students. T... |
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One day Sasha visited the farmer 2D and his famous magnetic farm. On this farm, the crop grows due to the influence of a special magnetic field. Maintaining of the magnetic field is provided by $n$ machines, and the power of the $i$-th machine is $a_i$.... |
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Normally, we decompose a number into binary digits by assigning it with powers of 2, with a coefficient of `0` or `1` for each term:
`25 = 1*16 + 1*8 + 0*4 + 0*2 + 1*1`
The choice of `0` and `1` is... not very binary. We shall perform the *true* binar... |
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Happy PMP is freshman and he is learning about algorithmic problems. He enjoys playing algorithmic games a lot.
One of the seniors gave Happy PMP a nice game. He is given two permutations of numbers 1 through n and is asked to convert the first one to ... |
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You've got another geometrical task. You are given two non-degenerate polygons A and B as vertex coordinates. Polygon A is strictly convex. Polygon B is an arbitrary polygon without any self-intersections and self-touches. The vertices of both polygons ... |
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It’s still hot every day, but September has already come. It’s autumn according to the calendar. Looking around, I see two red dragonflies at rest on the wall in front of me. It’s autumn indeed.
When two red dragonflies’ positional information as measu... |
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Summer holidays! Someone is going on trips, someone is visiting grandparents, but someone is trying to get a part-time job. This summer Noora decided that she wants to earn some money, and took a job in a shop as an assistant.
Shop, where Noora is work... |
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Iahub helps his grandfather at the farm. Today he must milk the cows. There are n cows sitting in a row, numbered from 1 to n from left to right. Each cow is either facing to the left or facing to the right. When Iahub milks a cow, all the cows that see... |
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Shichi-Go-San (literally "Seven-Five-Three") is a traditional event in a certain country to celebrate the growth of seven-, five- and three-year-old children.
Takahashi is now X years old. Will his growth be celebrated in Shichi-Go-San this time?
-----... |
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Two students of AtCoder Kindergarten are fighting over candy packs.
There are three candy packs, each of which contains a, b, and c candies, respectively.
Teacher Evi is trying to distribute the packs between the two students so that each student gets t... |
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Карта звёздного неба представляет собой прямоугольное поле, состоящее из n строк по m символов в каждой строке. Каждый символ — это либо «.» (означает пустой участок неба), либо «*» (означает то, что в этом месте на небе есть звезда).
Новое издание ка... |
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Complete the function which returns the weekday according to the input number:
* `1` returns `"Sunday"`
* `2` returns `"Monday"`
* `3` returns `"Tuesday"`
* `4` returns `"Wednesday"`
* `5` returns `"Thursday"`
* `6` returns `"Friday"`
* `7` returns `"S... |
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You are a member of the space station engineering team, and are assigned a task in the construction process of the station. You are expected to write a computer program to complete the task.
The space station is made up with a number of units, called c... |
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For a given two numbers your mission is to derive a function that evaluates whether two given numbers are **abundant**, **deficient** or **perfect** and whether together they are **amicable**.
### Abundant Numbers
An abundant number or excessive numb... |
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Obesity is cited as the cause of many adult diseases. In the past, with a few exceptions, it was unrelated to high school students. However, it is no longer unrealistic to suffer from lack of exercise due to excessive studying for entrance exams, or to ... |
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On her way to programming school tiger Dasha faced her first test — a huge staircase! [Image]
The steps were numbered from one to infinity. As we know, tigers are very fond of all striped things, it is possible that it has something to do with their c... |
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Given an integer `n`, find two integers `a` and `b` such that:
```Pearl
A) a >= 0 and b >= 0
B) a + b = n
C) DigitSum(a) + Digitsum(b) is maximum of all possibilities.
```
You will return the digitSum(a) + digitsum(b).
```
For example:
solve(29) = 1... |
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Takahashi is going to set a 3-character password.
How many possible passwords are there if each of its characters must be a digit between 1 and N (inclusive)?
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq N \leq 9
- N is an integer.
-----Input-----
Input is given ... |
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Given a sequence of numbers a1, a2, a3, ..., an, find the maximum sum of a contiguous subsequence of those numbers. Note that, a subsequence of one element is also a contiquous subsequence.
Input
The input consists of multiple datasets. Each data se... |
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Bankopolis is an incredible city in which all the n crossroads are located on a straight line and numbered from 1 to n along it. On each crossroad there is a bank office.
The crossroads are connected with m oriented bicycle lanes (the i-th lane goes fr... |
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We have A balls with the string S written on each of them and B balls with the string T written on each of them.
From these balls, Takahashi chooses one with the string U written on it and throws it away.
Find the number of balls with the string S and... |
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Create a function that takes a positive integer and returns the next bigger number that can be formed by rearranging its digits. For example:
```
12 ==> 21
513 ==> 531
2017 ==> 2071
```
If the digits can't be rearranged to form a bigger number, return... |
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Alice and Bob have participated to a Rock Off with their bands. A jury of true metalheads rates the two challenges, awarding points to the bands on a scale from 1 to 50 for three categories: Song Heaviness, Originality, and Members' outfits.
For each o... |
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Let \mathrm{popcount}(n) be the number of `1`s in the binary representation of n. For example, \mathrm{popcount}(3) = 2, \mathrm{popcount}(7) = 3, and \mathrm{popcount}(0) = 0.
Let f(n) be the number of times the following operation will be done when w... |
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Read problems statements in Russian also.
Chef likes playing with strings. The most interesting game are named "CHEF in string". The move of the game consists of the following: Chef takes a subsequence of string's letters that form the word "CHEF" and ... |
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F: Grid number
problem
Ebi-chan is trying to write exactly one integer from 1 to 2 \ times n in a grid with n columns horizontally and 2 rows vertically.
Only one integer can be written to each cell in the grid.
It's not fun just to write normally, ... |
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There are two main kinds of events in the life of top-model: fashion shows and photo shoots. Participating in any of these events affects the rating of appropriate top-model. After each photo shoot model's rating increases by a and after each fashion sh... |
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The goddess of programming is reviewing a thick logbook, which is a yearly record of visitors to her holy altar of programming. The logbook also records her visits at the altar.
The altar attracts programmers from all over the world because one visitor... |
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Little Vasya had n boxes with balls in the room. The boxes stood in a row and were numbered with numbers from 1 to n from left to right.
Once Vasya chose one of the boxes, let's assume that its number is i, took all balls out from it (it is guaranteed ... |
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Let's introduce a number system which is based on a roman digits. There are digits I, V, X, L which correspond to the numbers $1$, $5$, $10$ and $50$ respectively. The use of other roman digits is not allowed.
Numbers in this system are written as a se... |
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You are given a positive integer $m$ and two integer sequence: $a=[a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n]$ and $b=[b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n]$. Both of these sequence have a length $n$.
Permutation is a sequence of $n$ different positive integers from $1$ to $n$. For exam... |
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Imagine you have an infinite 2D plane with Cartesian coordinate system. Some of the integral points are blocked, and others are not. Two integral points A and B on the plane are 4-connected if and only if:
* the Euclidean distance between A and B is ... |
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Write a function that takes a positive integer n, sums all the cubed values from 1 to n, and returns that sum.
Assume that the input n will always be a positive integer.
Examples:
```python
sum_cubes(2)
> 9
# sum of the cubes of 1 and 2 is 1 + 8
```... |
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Polycarpus participates in a competition for hacking into a new secure messenger. He's almost won.
Having carefully studied the interaction protocol, Polycarpus came to the conclusion that the secret key can be obtained if he properly cuts the public k... |
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AtCoder Inc. has decided to lock the door of its office with a 3-digit PIN code.
The company has an N-digit lucky number, S. Takahashi, the president, will erase N-3 digits from S and concatenate the remaining 3 digits without changing the order to set... |
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Miki is a high school student. She has a part time job, so she cannot take enough sleep on weekdays. She wants to take good sleep on holidays, but she doesn't know the best length of sleeping time for her. She is now trying to figure that out with the f... |
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Bob is about to take a hot bath.
There are two taps to fill the bath: a hot water tap and a cold water tap. The cold water's temperature is t1, and the hot water's temperature is t2. The cold water tap can transmit any integer number of water units pe... |
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Vasya plays a computer game with ninjas. At this stage Vasya's ninja should get out of a deep canyon.
The canyon consists of two vertical parallel walls, their height is n meters. Let's imagine that we split these walls into 1 meter-long areas and numb... |
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Gru has not been in the limelight for a long time and is, therefore, planning something particularly nefarious. Frustrated by his minions' incapability which has kept him away from the limelight, he has built a transmogrifier — a machine which mutates m... |
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Given an array $a$ of length $n$, find another array, $b$, of length $n$ such that:
for each $i$ $(1 \le i \le n)$ $MEX(\{b_1$, $b_2$, $\ldots$, $b_i\})=a_i$.
The $MEX$ of a set of integers is the smallest non-negative integer that doesn't belong t... |
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An `non decreasing` number is one containing no two consecutive digits (left to right), whose the first is higer than the second. For example, 1235 is an non decreasing number, 1229 is too, but 123429 isn't.
Write a function that finds the number of no... |
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There is unrest in the Galactic Senate. Several thousand solar systems have declared their intentions to leave the Republic. Master Heidi needs to select the Jedi Knights who will go on peacekeeping missions throughout the galaxy. It is well-known that ... |
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The magic sum of 3s is calculated on an array by summing up odd numbers which include the digit `3`. Write a function `magic_sum` which accepts an array of integers and returns the sum.
*Example:* `[3, 12, 5, 8, 30, 13]` results in `16` (`3` + `13`)
I... |
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Limak is a little bear who loves to play. Today he is playing by destroying block towers. He built n towers in a row. The i-th tower is made of h_{i} identical blocks. For clarification see picture for the first sample.
Limak will repeat the following ... |
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You are given an integer sequence $1, 2, \dots, n$. You have to divide it into two sets $A$ and $B$ in such a way that each element belongs to exactly one set and $|sum(A) - sum(B)|$ is minimum possible.
The value $|x|$ is the absolute value of $x$ and... |
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Saitama accidentally destroyed a hotel again. To repay the hotel company, Genos has volunteered to operate an elevator in one of its other hotels. The elevator is special — it starts on the top floor, can only move down, and has infinite capacity. Floor... |
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Andrew, Fedor and Alex are inventive guys. Now they invent the game with strings for two players.
Given a group of n non-empty strings. During the game two players build the word together, initially the word is empty. The players move in turns. On his ... |
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# Task
John has an important number, and he doesn't want others to see it.
He decided to encrypt the number, using the following steps:
```
His number is always a non strict increasing sequence
ie. "123"
He converted each digit into English words.
ie... |
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A long time ago (probably even in the first book), Nicholas Flamel, a great alchemist and the creator of the Philosopher's Stone, taught Harry Potter three useful spells. The first one allows you to convert a grams of sand into b grams of lead, the seco... |
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You are given sequences A and B consisting of non-negative integers.
The lengths of both A and B are N, and the sums of the elements in A and B are equal.
The i-th element in A is A_i, and the i-th element in B is B_i.
Tozan and Gezan repeats the follow... |
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-----Input-----
The only line of the input contains a string of digits. The length of the string is between 1 and 10, inclusive.
-----Output-----
Output "Yes" or "No".
-----Examples-----
Input
373
Output
Yes
Input
121
Output
No
Input
436
Outp... |
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There are n animals in the queue to Dr. Dolittle. When an animal comes into the office, the doctor examines him, gives prescriptions, appoints tests and may appoint extra examination. Doc knows all the forest animals perfectly well and therefore knows e... |
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Petya loves lucky numbers very much. Everybody knows that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal record contains only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Petya has two strings a and b o... |
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Vasya has a string $s$ of length $n$. He decides to make the following modification to the string: Pick an integer $k$, ($1 \leq k \leq n$). For $i$ from $1$ to $n-k+1$, reverse the substring $s[i:i+k-1]$ of $s$. For example, if string $s$ is qwer an... |
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The concept of "[smooth number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_number)" is applied to all those numbers whose prime factors are lesser than or equal to `7`: `60` is a smooth number (`2 * 2 * 3 * 5`), `111` is not (`3 * 37`).
More specifically, sm... |
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We guessed a permutation $p$ consisting of $n$ integers. The permutation of length $n$ is the array of length $n$ where each element from $1$ to $n$ appears exactly once. This permutation is a secret for you.
For each position $r$ from $2$ to $n$ we ch... |
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You have to create a function named reverseIt.
Write your function so that in the case a string or a number is passed in as the data , you will return the data in reverse order. If the data is any other type, return it as it is.
Examples of inputs an... |
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Kristina has two arrays $a$ and $b$, each containing $n$ non-negative integers. She can perform the following operation on array $a$ any number of times:
apply a decrement to each non-zero element of the array, that is, replace the value of each elemen... |
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You have a multiset containing several integers. Initially, it contains $a_1$ elements equal to $1$, $a_2$ elements equal to $2$, ..., $a_n$ elements equal to $n$.
You may apply two types of operations: choose two integers $l$ and $r$ ($l \le r$), the... |
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Write a function that accepts two parameters, i) a string (containing a list of words) and ii) an integer (n). The function should alphabetize the list based on the nth letter of each word.
The letters should be compared case-insensitive. If both lett... |
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Inna loves sweets very much. That's why she decided to play a game called "Sweet Matrix".
Inna sees an n × m matrix and k candies. We'll index the matrix rows from 1 to n and the matrix columns from 1 to m. We'll represent the cell in the i-th row and ... |
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Long ago, Vasily built a good fence at his country house. Vasily calls a fence good, if it is a series of n consecutively fastened vertical boards of centimeter width, the height of each in centimeters is a positive integer. The house owner remembers th... |
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You are given a string $s$, consisting of $n$ lowercase Latin letters.
A substring of string $s$ is a continuous segment of letters from $s$. For example, "defor" is a substring of "codeforces" and "fors" is not.
The length of the substring is the nu... |
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Not so long ago as a result of combat operations the main Berland place of interest — the magic clock — was damaged. The cannon's balls made several holes in the clock, that's why the residents are concerned about the repair. The magic clock can be repr... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Seryozha has a very changeable character. This time he refused to leave the room to Dima and his girlfriend (her hame is Inna, by the way). However, the two lovebirds can always find a way to communicate. Today they are writing text messages to each oth... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Everybody knows that the Berland citizens are keen on health, especially students. Berland students are so tough that all they drink is orange juice!
Yesterday one student, Vasya and his mates made some barbecue and they drank this healthy drink only. ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Write a simple function that takes polar coordinates (an angle in degrees and a radius) and returns the equivalent cartesian coordinates (rouded to 10 places).
```
For example:
coordinates(90,1)
=> (0.0, 1.0)
coordinates(45, 1)
=> (0.7071067812, 0.70... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A binary tree of n nodes is given. Nodes of the tree are numbered from 1 to n and the root is the node 1. Each node can have no child, only one left child, only one right child, or both children. For convenience, let's denote l_u and r_u as the left and... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Iahub recently has learned Bubble Sort, an algorithm that is used to sort a permutation with n elements a1, a2, ..., an in ascending order. He is bored of this so simple algorithm, so he invents his own graph. The graph (let's call it G) initially has n... |
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