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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A new innovative ticketing systems for public transport is introduced in Bytesburg. Now there is a single travel card for all transport. To make a trip a passenger scan his card and then he is charged according to the fare. The fare is constructed in t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. During the winter holidays, the demand for Christmas balls is exceptionally high. Since it's already 2018, the advances in alchemy allow easy and efficient ball creation by utilizing magic crystals. Grisha needs to obtain some yellow, green and blue ba...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. # The Invitation Most of us played with toy blocks growing up. It was fun and you learned stuff. So what else can you do but rise to the challenge when a 3-year old exclaims, "Look, I made a square!", then pointing to a pile of blocks, "Can _you_ do it...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have a sandglass consisting of two bulbs, bulb A and bulb B. These bulbs contain some amount of sand. When we put the sandglass, either bulb A or B lies on top of the other and becomes the upper bulb. The other bulb becomes the lower bulb. The sand d...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Encryption System A programmer developed a new encryption system. However, his system has an issue that two or more distinct strings are `encrypted' to the same string. We have a string encrypted by his system. To decode the original string, we want t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Astronaut Natasha arrived on Mars. She knows that the Martians are very poor aliens. To ensure a better life for the Mars citizens, their emperor decided to take tax from every tourist who visited the planet. Natasha is the inhabitant of Earth, therefor...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have N bags numbered 1 through N and N dishes numbered 1 through N. Bag i contains a_i coins, and each dish has nothing on it initially. Taro the first and Jiro the second will play a game against each other. They will alternately take turns, with Ta...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given two integers A and B as the input. Output the value of A + B. However, if A + B is 10 or greater, output error instead. -----Constraints----- - A and B are integers. - 1 ≤ A, B ≤ 9 -----Input----- Input is given from Standard Input in ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have an array a[1], a[2], ..., a[n], containing distinct integers from 1 to n. Your task is to sort this array in increasing order with the following operation (you may need to apply it multiple times): choose two indexes, i and j (1 ≤ i < j ≤ n;...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a chessboard of size 1 × n. It is guaranteed that n is even. The chessboard is painted like this: "BWBW...BW". Some cells of the board are occupied by the chess pieces. Each cell contains no more than one chess piece. It is known that the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two players are playing a game. The game is played on a sequence of positive integer pairs. The players make their moves alternatively. During his move the player chooses a pair and decreases the larger integer in the pair by a positive multiple of the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Your task is to find the number couple with the greatest difference from a given array of number-couples. All number couples will be given as strings and all numbers in them will be positive integers. For instance: ['56-23','1-100']; in this case, ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Assume that a, b, and n are all positive integers. Let f (i) be the i-th fraction of the fraction a / b (0 ≤ f (i) ≤ 9). At this time, let s be the sum of f (i) from i = 1 to n. s = f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (n) Create a program that reads a, b, n, out...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A tree is a connected graph that doesn't contain any cycles. The distance between two vertices of a tree is the length (in edges) of the shortest path between these vertices. You are given a tree with n vertices and a positive number k. Find the numbe...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. At regular competition Vladik and Valera won a and b candies respectively. Vladik offered 1 his candy to Valera. After that Valera gave Vladik 2 his candies, so that no one thought that he was less generous. Vladik for same reason gave 3 candies to Vale...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Johnny has just found the new, great tutorial: "How to become a grandmaster?". The tutorial tells many strange and unexpected for Johnny things, such as you have to be patient or that very important is solving many harder and harder problems. The boy ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You will turn on the air conditioner if, and only if, the temperature of the room is 30 degrees Celsius or above. The current temperature of the room is X degrees Celsius. Will you turn on the air conditioner? -----Constraints----- - -40 \leq X \leq 4...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two beavers, Timur and Marsel, play the following game. There are n logs, each of exactly m meters in length. The beavers move in turns. For each move a beaver chooses a log and gnaws it into some number (more than one) of equal parts, the length of ea...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. At the first holiday in spring, the town Shortriver traditionally conducts a flower festival. Townsfolk wear traditional wreaths during these festivals. Each wreath contains exactly k flowers. The work material for the wreaths for all n citizens of Sho...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Bakry faced a problem, but since he's lazy to solve it, he asks for your help. You are given a tree of $n$ nodes, the $i$-th node has value $a_i$ assigned to it for each $i$ from $1$ to $n$. As a reminder, a tree on $n$ nodes is a connected graph with ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. On a chessboard with a width of $10^9$ and a height of $10^9$, the rows are numbered from bottom to top from $1$ to $10^9$, and the columns are numbered from left to right from $1$ to $10^9$. Therefore, for each cell of the chessboard you can assign the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Write a program which counts and reports the number of each alphabetical letter. Ignore the case of characters. Constraints * The number of characters in the sentence < 1200 Input A sentence in English is given in several lines. Output Prints the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The string $s$ is given, the string length is odd number. The string consists of lowercase letters of the Latin alphabet. As long as the string length is greater than $1$, the following operation can be performed on it: select any two adjacent letters ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Andi and Budi were given an assignment to tidy up their bookshelf of $n$ books. Each book is represented by the book title — a string $s_i$ numbered from $1$ to $n$, each with length $m$. Andi really wants to sort the book lexicographically ascending, w...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have a grid with H rows and W columns, where all the squares are initially white. You will perform some number of painting operations on the grid. In one operation, you can do one of the following two actions: * Choose one row, then paint all the s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Three companies decided to order a billboard with pictures of their logos. A billboard is a big square board. A logo of each company is a rectangle of a non-zero area. Advertisers will put up the ad only if it is possible to place all three logos on t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hr0d1y has $q$ queries on a binary string $s$ of length $n$. A binary string is a string containing only characters '0' and '1'. A query is described by a pair of integers $l_i$, $r_i$ $(1 \leq l_i \lt r_i \leq n)$. For each query, he has to determine...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. To write a research paper, you should definitely follow the structured format. This format, in many cases, is strictly defined, and students who try to write their papers have a hard time with it. One of such formats is related to citations. If you ref...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi has a maze, which is a grid of H \times W squares with H horizontal rows and W vertical columns. The square at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column is a "wall" square if S_{ij} is #, and a "road" square if S_{ij} is .. From a road squ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. For given an integer $n$, print all permutations of $\\{1, 2, ..., n\\}$ in lexicographic order. Constraints * $1 \leq n \leq 9$ Input An integer $n$ is given in a line. Output Print each permutation in a line in order. Separate adjacency elements...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Today an outstanding event is going to happen in the forest — hedgehog Filya will come to his old fried Sonya! Sonya is an owl and she sleeps during the day and stay awake from minute l_1 to minute r_1 inclusive. Also, during the minute k she prinks an...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given are two integer sequences of N elements each: A_1,...,A_N and B_1,...,B_N. Determine if it is possible to do the following operation at most N-2 times (possibly zero) so that, for every integer i from 1 to N, A_i \leq B_i holds: * Choose two dist...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A special type of prime is generated by the formula `p = 2^m * 3^n + 1` where `m` and `n` can be any non-negative integer. The first `5` of these primes are `2, 3, 5, 7, 13`, and are generated as follows: ```Haskell 2 = 2^0 * 3^0 + 1 3 = 2^1 * 3^0 + 1...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Little Elephant has got a problem — somebody has been touching his sorted by non-decreasing array a of length n and possibly swapped some elements of the array. The Little Elephant doesn't want to call the police until he understands if he could ha...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Monocarp is the coach of the Berland State University programming teams. He decided to compose a problemset for a training session for his teams. Monocarp has $n$ problems that none of his students have seen yet. The $i$-th problem has a topic $a_i$ (a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Shortest Common Non-Subsequence A subsequence of a sequence $P$ is a sequence that can be derived from the original sequence $P$ by picking up some or no elements of $P$ preserving the order. For example, "ICPC" is a subsequence of "MICROPROCESSOR". A...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya has become interested in wrestling. In wrestling wrestlers use techniques for which they are awarded points by judges. The wrestler who gets the most points wins. When the numbers of points of both wrestlers are equal, the wrestler whose sequence...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Furik loves math lessons very much, so he doesn't attend them, unlike Rubik. But now Furik wants to get a good mark for math. For that Ms. Ivanova, his math teacher, gave him a new task. Furik solved the task immediately. Can you? You are given a syste...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are a given a list of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ and $s$ of its segments $[l_j; r_j]$ (where $1 \le l_j \le r_j \le n$). You need to select exactly $m$ segments in such a way that the $k$-th order statistic of the multiset of $a_i$, where $i$...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Seiji Hayashi had been a professor of the Nisshinkan Samurai School in the domain of Aizu for a long time in the 18th century. In order to reward him for his meritorious career in education, Katanobu Matsudaira, the lord of the domain of Aizu, had decid...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. problem There are many $ N $ colored balls of different weights in the queue. The queue is in ascending order from the beginning: $ 1,2,3, \ dots, N-1, N, 1,2,3, \ dots, N-1, N, 1,2,3, \ dots $ The balls are lined up, followed by the balls of color $ N...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One not particularly beautiful evening Valera got very bored. To amuse himself a little bit, he found the following game. He took a checkered white square piece of paper, consisting of n × n cells. After that, he started to paint the white cells black ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The only difference between easy and hard versions is constraints. Nauuo is a girl who loves random picture websites. One day she made a random picture website by herself which includes $n$ pictures. When Nauuo visits the website, she sees exactly on...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. This is a simplified version of the task Toy Train. These two versions differ only in the constraints. Hacks for this version are disabled. Alice received a set of Toy Train™ from Bob. It consists of one train and a connected railway network of $n$ sta...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a string S. Each character of S is uppercase or lowercase English letter. Determine if S satisfies all of the following conditions: - The initial character of S is an uppercase A. - There is exactly one occurrence of C between the third ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Implement a function which takes a string, and returns its hash value. Algorithm steps: * `a` := sum of the ascii values of the input characters * `b` := sum of every difference between the consecutive characters of the input (second char minus first ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Those days, many boys use beautiful girls' photos as avatars in forums. So it is pretty hard to tell the gender of a user at the first glance. Last year, our hero went to a forum and had a nice chat with a beauty (he thought so). After that they talked ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are $n$ children numbered from $1$ to $n$ in a kindergarten. Kindergarten teacher gave $a_i$ ($1 \leq a_i \leq n$) candies to the $i$-th child. Children were seated in a row in order from $1$ to $n$ from left to right and started eating candies. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Simple interest on a loan is calculated by simply taking the initial amount (the principal, p) and multiplying it by a rate of interest (r) and the number of time periods (n). Compound interest is calculated by adding the interest after each time peri...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. *Based on this Numberphile video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wim9WJeDTHQ* --- Multiply all the digits of a nonnegative integer `n` by each other, repeating with the product until a single digit is obtained. The number of steps required is known a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Chefs from all over the globe gather each year for an international convention. Each chef represents some country. Please, note that more than one chef can represent a country. Each of them presents their best dish to the audience. The audience then sen...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Beaches are filled with sand, water, fish, and sun. Given a string, calculate how many times the words `"Sand"`, `"Water"`, `"Fish"`, and `"Sun"` appear without overlapping (regardless of the case). ## Examples ```python sum_of_a_beach("WAtErSlIde") ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Maksim walks on a Cartesian plane. Initially, he stands at the point $(0, 0)$ and in one move he can go to any of four adjacent points (left, right, up, down). For example, if Maksim is currently at the point $(0, 0)$, he can go to any of the following ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ayush, Ashish and Vivek are busy preparing a new problem for the next Codeforces round and need help checking if their test cases are valid. Each test case consists of an integer $n$ and two arrays $a$ and $b$, of size $n$. If after some (possibly zero...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a tree consisting of n nodes. You generate an array from the tree by marking nodes one by one. Initially, when no nodes are marked, a node is equiprobably chosen and marked from the entire tree. After that, until all nodes are marked, a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Snuke is having a barbeque party. At the party, he will make N servings of Skewer Meal. Example of a serving of Skewer Meal He has a stock of 2N skewers, all of which will be used in Skewer Meal. The length of the i-th skewer is L_i. Also, he has an inf...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little Vasya went to the supermarket to get some groceries. He walked about the supermarket for a long time and got a basket full of products. Now he needs to choose the cashier to pay for the products. There are n cashiers at the exit from the superma...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Find the number of k-divisible numbers on the segment [a, b]. In other words you need to find the number of such integer values x that a ≤ x ≤ b and x is divisible by k. -----Input----- The only line contains three space-separated integers k, a and b...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Fair Nut likes kvass very much. On his birthday parents presented him $n$ kegs of kvass. There are $v_i$ liters of kvass in the $i$-th keg. Each keg has a lever. You can pour your glass by exactly $1$ liter pulling this lever. The Fair Nut likes thi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. n children are standing in a circle and playing the counting-out game. Children are numbered clockwise from 1 to n. In the beginning, the first child is considered the leader. The game is played in k steps. In the i-th step the leader counts out a_{i} p...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Linear Kingdom has exactly one tram line. It has n stops, numbered from 1 to n in the order of tram's movement. At the i-th stop ai passengers exit the tram, while bi passengers enter it. The tram is empty before it arrives at the first stop. Also, when...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Fair Nut is going to travel to the Tree Country, in which there are $n$ cities. Most of the land of this country is covered by forest. Furthermore, the local road system forms a tree (connected graph without cycles). Nut wants to rent a car in the c...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. For two sequences S and T of length N consisting of 0 and 1, let us define f(S, T) as follows: - Consider repeating the following operation on S so that S will be equal to T. f(S, T) is the minimum possible total cost of those operations. - Change S_i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have $n \times n$ square grid and an integer $k$. Put an integer in each cell while satisfying the conditions below. All numbers in the grid should be between $1$ and $k$ inclusive. Minimum number of the $i$-th row is $1$ ($1 \le i \le n$). Minim...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Petya and Gena love playing table tennis. A single match is played according to the following rules: a match consists of multiple sets, each set consists of multiple serves. Each serve is won by one of the players, this player scores one point. As soon ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, city authorities obligated citizens to keep a social distance. The mayor of the city Semyon wants to light up Gluharniki park so that people could see each other even at night to keep the social distance. The park is a ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Mike and !Mike are old childhood rivals, they are opposite in everything they do, except programming. Today they have a problem they cannot solve on their own, but together (with you) — who knows? Every one of them has an integer sequences a and b of ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little town Nsk consists of n junctions connected by m bidirectional roads. Each road connects two distinct junctions and no two roads connect the same pair of junctions. It is possible to get from any junction to any other junction by these roads. The ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Sereja loves number sequences very much. That's why he decided to make himself a new one following a certain algorithm. Sereja takes a blank piece of paper. Then he starts writing out the sequence in m stages. Each time he either adds a new number to t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ancient Egyptians are known to have used a large set of symbols $\sum$ to write on the walls of the temples. Fafa and Fifa went to one of the temples and found two non-empty words S_1 and S_2 of equal lengths on the wall of temple written one below the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. -----Problem Statement----- Sereja has a sequence of n integers a[1], a[2], ..., a[n]. Sereja can do following transformation of the array: - create a new sequence of n integers b[1], b[2], ..., b[n]in this way: (1 ≤ i ≤ n) - Replace the sequence a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Is the number even? If the numbers is even return `true`. If it's odd, return `false`. Oh yeah... the following symbols/commands have been disabled! use of ```%``` use of ```.even?``` in Ruby use of ```mod``` in Python Read the inputs from stdi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given a random string consisting of numbers, letters, symbols, you need to sum up the numbers in the string. Note: - Consecutive integers should be treated as a single number. eg, `2015` should be treated as a single number `2015`, NOT four numbers -...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Alice is playing with some stones. Now there are three numbered heaps of stones. The first of them contains $a$ stones, the second of them contains $b$ stones and the third of them contains $c$ stones. Each time she can do one of two operations: take...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an integer $n$. In $1$ move, you can do one of the following actions: erase any digit of the number (it's acceptable that the number before the operation has exactly one digit and after the operation, it is "empty"); add one digit to the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Recently Luba learned about a special kind of numbers that she calls beautiful numbers. The number is called beautiful iff its binary representation consists of k + 1 consecutive ones, and then k consecutive zeroes. Some examples of beautiful numbers: ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given two words and a letter, return a single word that's a combination of both words, merged at the point where the given letter first appears in each word. The returned word should have the beginning of the first word and the ending of the second, wit...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given are positive integers N and K. Determine if the 3N integers K, K+1, ..., K+3N-1 can be partitioned into N triples (a_1,b_1,c_1), ..., (a_N,b_N,c_N) so that the condition below is satisfied. Any of the integers K, K+1, ..., K+3N-1 must appear in e...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ridbit starts with an integer $n$. In one move, he can perform one of the following operations: divide $n$ by one of its proper divisors, or subtract $1$ from $n$ if $n$ is greater than $1$. A proper divisor is a divisor of a number, excluding itsel...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Arkady coordinates rounds on some not really famous competitive programming platform. Each round features $n$ problems of distinct difficulty, the difficulties are numbered from $1$ to $n$. To hold a round Arkady needs $n$ new (not used previously) pro...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You're given a list of n strings a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. You'd like to concatenate them together in some order such that the resulting string would be lexicographically smallest. Given the list of strings, output the lexicographically smallest concatenat...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Smart Beaver from ABBYY invented a new message encryption method and now wants to check its performance. Checking it manually is long and tiresome, so he decided to ask the ABBYY Cup contestants for help. A message is a sequence of n integers a1, a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In this problem, your task is to use ASCII graphics to paint a cardiogram. A cardiogram is a polyline with the following corners:$(0 ; 0),(a_{1} ; a_{1}),(a_{1} + a_{2} ; a_{1} - a_{2}),(a_{1} + a_{2} + a_{3} ; a_{1} - a_{2} + a_{3}), \ldots,(\sum_{i ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A very brave explorer Petya once decided to explore Paris catacombs. Since Petya is not really experienced, his exploration is just walking through the catacombs. Catacombs consist of several rooms and bidirectional passages between some pairs of them....
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One of the oddest traditions of the town of Gameston may be that even the town mayor of the next term is chosen according to the result of a game. When the expiration of the term of the mayor approaches, at least three candidates, including the mayor of...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a matrix, consisting of n rows and m columns. The rows are numbered top to bottom, the columns are numbered left to right. Each cell of the matrix can be either free or locked. Let's call a path in the matrix a staircase if it: * sta...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Compute A \times B, truncate its fractional part, and print the result as an integer. -----Constraints----- - 0 \leq A \leq 10^{15} - 0 \leq B < 10 - A is an integer. - B is a number with two digits after the decimal point. -----Input----- Input i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ivan wants to have a good dinner. A good dinner should consist of a first course, a second course, a drink, and a dessert. There are $n_1$ different types of first courses Ivan can buy (the $i$-th of them costs $a_i$ coins), $n_2$ different types of se...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N cities numbered 1 through N, and M bidirectional roads numbered 1 through M. Road i connects City A_i and City B_i. Snuke can perform the following operation zero or more times: * Choose two distinct cities that are not directly connected ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dima's got a staircase that consists of n stairs. The first stair is at height a_1, the second one is at a_2, the last one is at a_{n} (1 ≤ a_1 ≤ a_2 ≤ ... ≤ a_{n}). Dima decided to play with the staircase, so he is throwing rectangular boxes at the s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a line of $n$ colored squares in a row, numbered from $1$ to $n$ from left to right. The $i$-th square initially has the color $c_i$. Let's say, that two squares $i$ and $j$ belong to the same connected component if $c_i = c_j$, and $c_i ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an integer $x$ of $n$ digits $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$, which make up its decimal notation in order from left to right. Also, you are given a positive integer $k < n$. Let's call integer $b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_m$ beautiful if $b_i = b_{i+k}$...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In Chef's house there are N apples lying in a row on the floor. These apples are numbered from 1 (left most one) to N (right most one). The types of apples are also numbered by positive integers, and the type of apple i is Ti. Chef has recently brought ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a string $s$ consisting of lowercase Latin letters. Let the length of $s$ be $|s|$. You may perform several operations on this string. In one operation, you can choose some index $i$ and remove the $i$-th character of $s$ ($s_i$) if at le...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The numbers 1 to n x n are contained in the n x n square squares one by one, and the sum of the squares in any vertical column and the sum of the squares in any horizontal column are diagonal squares. Those with the same sum of eyes are called magic squ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Write a program which manipulates a sequence A = {a0, a1, . . . , an-1} with the following operations: * find(s, t): report the minimum element in as, as+1, . . . ,at. * update(i, x): change ai to x. Note that the initial values of ai (i = 0, 1, . ....
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The last stage of Football World Cup is played using the play-off system. There are n teams left in this stage, they are enumerated from 1 to n. Several rounds are held, in each round the remaining teams are sorted in the order of their ids, then the f...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Reverse every other word in a given string, then return the string. Throw away any leading or trailing whitespace, while ensuring there is exactly one space between each word. Punctuation marks should be treated as if they are a part of the word in this...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dr .: Peter, I've finally done it. Peter: See you again? What kind of silly invention is this time? Dr .: I finally came up with a revolutionary way to process mathematical formulas on a computer. Look at this table. Ordinary notation | Dr.'s "breakt...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given a string of integers, count how many times that integer repeats itself, then return a string showing the count and the integer. Example: `countMe('1123')` (`count_me` in Ruby) - Here 1 comes twice so `` will be `"21"` - then 2 comes once so `` ...