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You can find anything whatsoever in our Galaxy! A cubical planet goes round an icosahedral star. Let us introduce a system of axes so that the edges of the cubical planet are parallel to the coordinate axes and two opposite vertices lay in the points (0... |
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For the given integer $n$ ($n > 2$) let's write down all the strings of length $n$ which contain $n-2$ letters 'a' and two letters 'b' in lexicographical (alphabetical) order.
Recall that the string $s$ of length $n$ is lexicographically less than stri... |
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Petya started to attend programming lessons. On the first lesson his task was to write a simple program. The program was supposed to do the following: in the given string, consisting if uppercase and lowercase Latin letters, it:
* deletes all the vo... |
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Soon a school Olympiad in Informatics will be held in Berland, n schoolchildren will participate there.
At a meeting of the jury of the Olympiad it was decided that each of the n participants, depending on the results, will get a diploma of the first, ... |
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"We've tried solitary confinement, waterboarding and listening to Just In Beaver, to no avail. We need something extreme."
"Little Alena got an array as a birthday present..."
The array b of length n is obtained from the array a of length n and two in... |
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You are given a tube which is reflective inside represented as two non-coinciding, but parallel to $Ox$ lines. Each line has some special integer points — positions of sensors on sides of the tube.
You are going to emit a laser ray in the tube. To do s... |
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An n × n table a is defined as follows:
The first row and the first column contain ones, that is: a_{i}, 1 = a_{1, }i = 1 for all i = 1, 2, ..., n. Each of the remaining numbers in the table is equal to the sum of the number above it and the number ... |
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A tree is a graph with n vertices and exactly n - 1 edges; this graph should meet the following condition: there exists exactly one shortest (by number of edges) path between any pair of its vertices.
A subtree of a tree T is a tree with both vertices ... |
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Vasya has two arrays $A$ and $B$ of lengths $n$ and $m$, respectively.
He can perform the following operation arbitrary number of times (possibly zero): he takes some consecutive subsegment of the array and replaces it with a single element, equal to t... |
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Young Teodor enjoys drawing. His favourite hobby is drawing segments with integer borders inside his huge [1;m] segment. One day Teodor noticed that picture he just drawn has one interesting feature: there doesn't exist an integer point, that belongs ea... |
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Write a program which reads a sequence and prints it in the reverse order.
Note
解説
Constraints
* n ≤ 100
* 0 ≤ ai < 1000
Input
The input is given in the following format:
n
a1 a2 . . . an
n is the size of the sequence and ai is the ith element... |
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«Next please», — the princess called and cast an estimating glance at the next groom.
The princess intends to choose the most worthy groom, this is, the richest one. Whenever she sees a groom who is more rich than each of the previous ones, she says a ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese , Russian and Vietnamese as well.
Triangle classification is an important problem in modern mathematics. Mathematicians have developed many criteria according to which a triangle can be classified. In this ... |
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Sereja has an array a, consisting of n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. The boy cannot sit and do nothing, he decided to study an array. Sereja took a piece of paper and wrote out m integers l_1, l_2, ..., l_{m} (1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ n). For each number l_{i} he w... |
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Amr lives in Lala Land. Lala Land is a very beautiful country that is located on a coordinate line. Lala Land is famous with its apple trees growing everywhere.
Lala Land has exactly n apple trees. Tree number i is located in a position x_{i} and has a... |
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Vanya got an important task — he should enumerate books in the library and label each book with its number. Each of the n books should be assigned with a number from 1 to n. Naturally, distinct books should be assigned distinct numbers.
Vanya wants to ... |
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Given an integer, take the (mean) average of each pair of consecutive digits. Repeat this process until you have a single integer, then return that integer. e.g.
Note: if the average of two digits is not an integer, round the result **up** (e.g. the av... |
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Dmitry has an array of $n$ non-negative integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$.
In one operation, Dmitry can choose any index $j$ ($1 \le j \le n$) and increase the value of the element $a_j$ by $1$. He can choose the same index $j$ multiple times.
For each ... |
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We have a tree with N vertices. Vertex 1 is the root of the tree, and the parent of Vertex i (2 \leq i \leq N) is Vertex P_i.
To each vertex in the tree, Snuke will allocate a color, either black or white, and a non-negative integer weight.
Snuke has a ... |
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It's another Start[c]up finals, and that means there is pizza to order for the onsite contestants. There are only 2 types of pizza (obviously not, but let's just pretend for the sake of the problem), and all pizzas contain exactly S slices.
It is known... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
You have an array of integers A_{1}, A_{2}, ..., A_{N}. The function F(P), where P is a subset of A, is defined as the XOR (represented by the symbol ⊕) of all the integers present in the subs... |
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Kevin has just recevied his disappointing results on the USA Identification of Cows Olympiad (USAICO) in the form of a binary string of length n. Each character of Kevin's string represents Kevin's score on one of the n questions of the olympiad—'1' for... |
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Recently, Vladimir got bad mark in algebra again. To avoid such unpleasant events in future he decided to train his arithmetic skills. He wrote four integer numbers a, b, c, d on the blackboard. During each of the next three minutes he took two numbers ... |
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Takahashi loves numbers divisible by 2.
You are given a positive integer N. Among the integers between 1 and N (inclusive), find the one that can be divisible by 2 for the most number of times. The solution is always unique.
Here, the number of times an... |
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The Resistance is trying to take control over all planets in a particular solar system. This solar system is shaped like a tree. More precisely, some planets are connected by bidirectional hyperspace tunnels in such a way that there is a path between ev... |
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You have a computer literacy course in your university. In the computer system, the login/logout records of all PCs in a day are stored in a file. Although students may use two or more PCs at a time, no one can log in to a PC which has been logged in by... |
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Recently, the bear started studying data structures and faced the following problem.
You are given a sequence of integers x1, x2, ..., xn of length n and m queries, each of them is characterized by two integers li, ri. Let's introduce f(p) to represent... |
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You are given the following points with integer coordinates on the plane: M0, A0, A1, ..., An - 1, where n is odd number. Now we define the following infinite sequence of points Mi: Mi is symmetric to Mi - 1 according <image> (for every natural number i... |
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Polycarpus develops an interesting theory about the interrelation of arithmetic progressions with just everything in the world. His current idea is that the population of the capital of Berland changes over time like an arithmetic progression. Well, or ... |
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Your task is to calculate the number of arrays such that: each array contains $n$ elements; each element is an integer from $1$ to $m$; for each array, there is exactly one pair of equal elements; for each array $a$, there exists an index $i$ such t... |
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Dreamoon loves summing up something for no reason. One day he obtains two integers a and b occasionally. He wants to calculate the sum of all nice integers. Positive integer x is called nice if $\operatorname{mod}(x, b) \neq 0$ and $\frac{\operatorname{... |
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Let us call a pair of integer numbers m-perfect, if at least one number in the pair is greater than or equal to m. Thus, the pairs (3, 3) and (0, 2) are 2-perfect while the pair (-1, 1) is not.
Two integers x, y are written on the blackboard. It is all... |
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You are given a permutation p of numbers 1, 2, ..., n. Let's define f(p) as the following sum:
<image>
Find the lexicographically m-th permutation of length n in the set of permutations having the maximum possible value of f(p).
Input
The single lin... |
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There is a tree with N vertices numbered 1, 2, ..., N. The edges of the tree are denoted by (x_i, y_i).
On this tree, Alice and Bob play a game against each other. Starting from Alice, they alternately perform the following operation:
* Select an exis... |
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A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward. Examples of numerical palindromes are:
2332
110011
54322345
For a given number ```num```, return its closest numerical palindrome which ... |
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Now we will confect a reagent. There are eight materials to choose from, numbered 1,2,..., 8 respectively.
We know the rules of confect:
```
material1 and material2 cannot be selected at the same time
material3 and material4 cannot be selected at the s... |
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Everyone knows that hobbits love to organize all sorts of parties and celebrations. There are n hobbits living in the Shire. They decided to organize the Greatest Party (GP) that would last for several days. Next day the hobbits wrote a guest list, some... |
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Have you heard about Megamind? Megamind and Metro Man are two aliens who came to earth. Megamind wanted to destroy the earth, while Metro Man wanted to stop him and protect mankind. After a lot of fighting, Megamind finally threw Metro Man up into the s... |
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In some other world, today is Christmas Eve.
There are N trees planted in Mr. Takaha's garden. The height of the i-th tree (1 \leq i \leq N) is h_i meters.
He decides to choose K trees from these trees and decorate them with electric lights. To make the... |
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Write a program which computes the area of a shape represented by the following three lines:
$y = x^2$
$y = 0$
$x = 600$
It is clear that the area is $72000000$, if you use an integral you learn in high school. On the other hand, we can obtain an ap... |
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Vasya the programmer lives in the middle of the Programming subway branch. He has two girlfriends: Dasha and Masha, who live at the different ends of the branch, each one is unaware of the other one's existence.
When Vasya has some free time, he goes t... |
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The screen that displays digital numbers that you often see on calculators is called a "7-segment display" because the digital numbers consist of seven parts (segments).
The new product to be launched by Wakamatsu will incorporate a 7-segment display i... |
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Snuke has decided to play a game, where the player runs a railway company.
There are M+1 stations on Snuke Line, numbered 0 through M.
A train on Snuke Line stops at station 0 and every d-th station thereafter, where d is a predetermined constant for ea... |
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The new operating system BerOS has a nice feature. It is possible to use any number of characters '/' as a delimiter in path instead of one traditional '/'. For example, strings //usr///local//nginx/sbin// and /usr/local/nginx///sbin are equivalent. The... |
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Recently, on the course of algorithms and data structures, Valeriy learned how to use a deque. He built a deque filled with n elements. The i-th element is a_i (i = 1, 2, …, n). He gradually takes the first two leftmost elements from the deque (let's ca... |
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While working at DTL, Ela is very aware of her physical and mental health. She started to practice various sports, such as Archery, Yoga, and Football.
Since she started engaging in sports activities, Ela switches to trying a new sport on days she cons... |
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Our Chef is very happy that his son was selected for training in one of the finest culinary schools of the world.
So he and his wife decide to buy a gift for the kid as a token of appreciation.
Unfortunately, the Chef hasn't been doing good business lat... |
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Consider a sequence of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$. In one move, you can select any element of the sequence and delete it. After an element is deleted, all elements to the right are shifted to the left by $1$ position, so there are no empty spaces ... |
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We held two competitions: Coding Contest and Robot Maneuver.
In each competition, the contestants taking the 3-rd, 2-nd, and 1-st places receive 100000, 200000, and 300000 yen (the currency of Japan), respectively. Furthermore, a contestant taking the ... |
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We have an integer sequence A, whose length is N.
Find the number of the non-empty contiguous subsequences of A whose sums are 0. Note that we are counting the ways to take out subsequences. That is, even if the contents of some two subsequences are th... |
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Little Petya very much likes playing with little Masha. Recently he has received a game called "Zero-One" as a gift from his mother. Petya immediately offered Masha to play the game with him.
Before the very beginning of the game several cards are lain... |
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Given an integer N not less than 3, find the sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon with N sides.
Print the answer in degrees, but do not print units.
Constraints
* 3 \leq N \leq 100
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the followin... |
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---
# Story
The Pied Piper has been enlisted to play his magical tune and coax all the rats out of town.
But some of the rats are deaf and are going the wrong way!
# Kata Task
How many deaf rats are there?
# Legend
* ```P``` = The Pied Piper
* ``... |
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Little Petya loves looking for numbers' divisors. One day Petya came across the following problem:
You are given n queries in the form "xi yi". For each query Petya should count how many divisors of number xi divide none of the numbers xi - yi, xi - yi... |
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The math faculty of Berland State University has suffered the sudden drop in the math skills of enrolling students. This year the highest grade on the entrance math test was 8. Out of 100! Thus, the decision was made to make the test easier.
Future stu... |
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ABC Gene
There is a gene sequence represented by the string `ABC`. You can rewrite this gene sequence by performing the following operations several times.
* Choose one of the letters `A`,` B`, `C`. Let this be x. Replace all x in the gene sequence wi... |
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Mr. Funt now lives in a country with a very specific tax laws. The total income of mr. Funt during this year is equal to n (n ≥ 2) burles and the amount of tax he has to pay is calculated as the maximum divisor of n (not equal to n, of course). For exam... |
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Vasya plays The Elder Trolls IV: Oblivon. Oh, those creators of computer games! What they do not come up with! Absolutely unique monsters have been added to the The Elder Trolls IV: Oblivon. One of these monsters is Unkillable Slug. Why it is "Unkillabl... |
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Dr .: Peter, I've finally done it.
Peter: What's wrong, Dr. David? Is it a silly invention again?
Dr .: This table, this table.
| Character | Sign
--- | ---
(Blank) | 101
'| 000000
, | 000011
-| 10010001
. | 010001
? | 000001
A | 100101
B | 10011010
|... |
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You are given two strings A and B representing essays of two students who are suspected cheaters. For any two strings C, D we define their similarity score S(C,D) as 4⋅ LCS(C,D) - |C| - |D|, where LCS(C,D) denotes the length of the Longest Common Subseq... |
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Of course you have heard the famous task about Hanoi Towers, but did you know that there is a special factory producing the rings for this wonderful game? Once upon a time, the ruler of the ancient Egypt ordered the workers of Hanoi Factory to create as... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese , Russian and Vietnamese
A number is called palindromic if its decimal representation is a palindrome. You are given a range, described by a pair of integers L and R. Find the sum of all palindromic number... |
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## **Task**
You are given a positive integer (`n`), and your task is to find the largest number **less than** `n`, which can be written in the form `a**b`, where `a` can be any non-negative integer and `b` is an integer greater than or equal to `2`. Tr... |
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Create a program that converts data based on the given conversion table.
The characters used in the data are letters or numbers, and the letters are case sensitive. There is no regularity in the order of the characters that appear in the conversion tab... |
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You are given a tree consisting of $n$ vertices. A number is written on each vertex; the number on vertex $i$ is equal to $a_i$.
Recall that a simple path is a path that visits each vertex at most once. Let the weight of the path be the bitwise XOR of ... |
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There is a game called "Unique Bid Auction". You can read more about it here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_bid_auction
(though you don't have to do it to solve this problem).
Let's simplify this game a bit. Formally, there are $n$ participant... |
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Once upon a time a child got a test consisting of multiple-choice questions as homework. A multiple-choice question consists of four choices: A, B, C and D. Each choice has a description, and the child should find out the only one that is correct.
Fort... |
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Sensation, sensation in the two-dimensional kingdom! The police have caught a highly dangerous outlaw, member of the notorious "Pihters" gang. The law department states that the outlaw was driving from the gang's headquarters in his car when he crashed ... |
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Being a nonconformist, Volodya is displeased with the current state of things, particularly with the order of natural numbers (natural number is positive integer number). He is determined to rearrange them. But there are too many natural numbers, so Vol... |
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Today, Mezo is playing a game. Zoma, a character in that game, is initially at position $x = 0$. Mezo starts sending $n$ commands to Zoma. There are two possible commands: 'L' (Left) sets the position $x: =x - 1$; 'R' (Right) sets the position $x: =x ... |
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You have $n$ stacks of blocks. The $i$-th stack contains $h_i$ blocks and it's height is the number of blocks in it. In one move you can take a block from the $i$-th stack (if there is at least one block) and put it to the $i + 1$-th stack. Can you make... |
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Taro made a sugoroku so that everyone can play at the children's association event. In order to make the game interesting, I wrote instructions such as "advance 6" and "back 5" in some of the sugoroku squares other than "Furidashi" and "Agari". Turn the... |
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One day Vasya painted a Cartesian coordinate system on a piece of paper and marked some set of points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xn, yn). Let's define neighbors for some fixed point from the given set (x, y):
* point (x', y') is (x, y)'s right neighb... |
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<image>
My grandmother uses a balance. The balance will balance if you place the same size on both of the two dishes, otherwise it will tilt to the heavier side. The weights of the 10 weights are 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g, 128g, 256g, 512g in orde... |
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Pasha has a positive integer a without leading zeroes. Today he decided that the number is too small and he should make it larger. Unfortunately, the only operation Pasha can do is to swap two adjacent decimal digits of the integer.
Help Pasha count th... |
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Omkar is creating a mosaic using colored square tiles, which he places in an n × n grid. When the mosaic is complete, each cell in the grid will have either a glaucous or sinoper tile. However, currently he has only placed tiles in some cells.
A compl... |
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Aiz Onsen has a bathhouse and a pool. To use the bathhouse, you need to buy a bathing ticket, and to use the pool, you need to buy a pool ticket. Prices for these tickets may vary from day to day. In addition, Aiz Onsen has the following rules.
* Ticke... |
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Jett is tired after destroying the town and she wants to have a rest. She likes high places, that's why for having a rest she wants to get high and she decided to craft staircases.
A staircase is a squared figure that consists of square cells. Each sta... |
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You are given an array $a$ consisting of $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$.
Your problem is to find such pair of indices $i, j$ ($1 \le i < j \le n$) that $lcm(a_i, a_j)$ is minimum possible.
$lcm(x, y)$ is the least common multiple of $x$ and $y$ (... |
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Today, as a friendship gift, Bakry gave Badawy $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ and challenged him to choose an integer $X$ such that the value $\underset{1 \leq i \leq n}{\max} (a_i \oplus X)$ is minimum possible, where $\oplus$ denotes the bitwise ... |
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Taro has decided to move. Taro has a lot of luggage, so I decided to ask a moving company to carry the luggage. Since there are various weights of luggage, I asked them to arrange them in order from the lightest one for easy understanding, but the mover... |
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Two moving objects A and B are moving accross the same orbit (those can be anything: two planets, two satellites, two spaceships,two flying saucers, or spiderman with batman if you prefer).
If the two objects start to move from the same point and the or... |
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You've got string s, consisting of only lowercase English letters. Find its lexicographically maximum subsequence.
We'll call a non-empty string s[p1p2... pk] = sp1sp2... spk(1 ≤ p1 < p2 < ... < pk ≤ |s|) a subsequence of string s = s1s2... s|s|.
Stri... |
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For given a circle $c$ and a line $l$, print the coordinates of the cross points of them.
Constraints
* $p1$ and $p2$ are different
* The circle and line have at least one cross point
* $1 \leq q \leq 1,000$
* $-10,000 \leq cx, cy, x1, y1, x2, y2 \leq... |
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The clique problem is one of the most well-known NP-complete problems. Under some simplification it can be formulated as follows. Consider an undirected graph G. It is required to find a subset of vertices C of the maximum size such that any two of them... |
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----- Statement -----
You need to find a string which has exactly K positions in it such that the character at that position comes alphabetically later than the character immediately after it. If there are many such strings, print the one which has the... |
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Little Joty has got a task to do. She has a line of n tiles indexed from 1 to n. She has to paint them in a strange pattern.
An unpainted tile should be painted Red if it's index is divisible by a and an unpainted tile should be painted Blue if it's in... |
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# Remove Duplicates
You are to write a function called `unique` that takes an array of integers and returns the array with duplicates removed. It must return the values in the same order as first seen in the given array. Thus no sorting should be done,... |
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There are a number of ways to shuffle a deck of cards. Hanafuda shuffling for Japanese card game 'Hanafuda' is one such example. The following is how to perform Hanafuda shuffling.
There is a deck of n cards. Starting from the p-th card from the top of... |
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Fox Ciel has a board with n rows and n columns. So, the board consists of n × n cells. Each cell contains either a symbol '.', or a symbol '#'.
A cross on the board is a connected set of exactly five cells of the board that looks like a cross. The pict... |
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You are enthusiastic about the popular web game "Moonlight Ranch". The purpose of this game is to grow crops in the fields, sell them to earn income, and use that income to grow the ranch.
You wanted to grow the field quickly. Therefore, we decided to ... |
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You are given a permutation p_1, p_2, …, p_n.
In one move you can swap two adjacent values.
You want to perform a minimum number of moves, such that in the end there will exist a subsegment 1,2,…, k, in other words in the end there should be an intege... |
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Seryozha conducts a course dedicated to building a map of heights of Stepanovo recreation center. He laid a rectangle grid of size $n \times m$ cells on a map (rows of grid are numbered from $1$ to $n$ from north to south, and columns are numbered from ... |
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Natasha is planning an expedition to Mars for $n$ people. One of the important tasks is to provide food for each participant.
The warehouse has $m$ daily food packages. Each package has some food type $a_i$.
Each participant must eat exactly one food ... |
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You need to execute several tasks, each associated with number of processors it needs, and the compute power it will consume.
You have sufficient number of analog computers, each with enough processors for any task. Each computer can execute up to one ... |
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There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.
You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. I... |
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Two participants are each given a pair of distinct numbers from 1 to 9 such that there's exactly one number that is present in both pairs. They want to figure out the number that matches by using a communication channel you have access to without reveal... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Consider the number triangle below, in which each number is equal to the number above plus the number to the left. If there is no number above, assume it's a `0`.
The triangle has `5` rows and the sum of the last row is `sum([1,4,9,14,14]) = 42`.
You ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A string is called a k-string if it can be represented as k concatenated copies of some string. For example, the string "aabaabaabaab" is at the same time a 1-string, a 2-string and a 4-string, but it is not a 3-string, a 5-string, or a 6-string and so ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The AKS algorithm for testing whether a number is prime is a polynomial-time test based on the following theorem:
A number p is prime if and only if all the coefficients of the polynomial expansion of `(x − 1)^p − (x^p − 1)` are divisible by `p`.
For... |
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