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In this task Anna and Maria play a game with a very unpleasant rival. Anna and Maria are in the opposite squares of a chessboard (8 × 8): Anna is in the upper right corner, and Maria is in the lower left one. Apart from them, the board has several statu... |
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Bob has a string $s$ consisting of lowercase English letters. He defines $s'$ to be the string after removing all "a" characters from $s$ (keeping all other characters in the same order). He then generates a new string $t$ by concatenating $s$ and $s'$.... |
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Given a sequence of items and a specific item in that sequence, return the item immediately following the item specified. If the item occurs more than once in a sequence, return the item after the first occurence. This should work for a sequence of any ... |
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We will play a one-player game using a number line and N pieces.
First, we place each of these pieces at some integer coordinate.
Here, multiple pieces can be placed at the same coordinate.
Our objective is to visit all of the M coordinates X_1, X_2, ..... |
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The Berland Armed Forces System consists of n ranks that are numbered using natural numbers from 1 to n, where 1 is the lowest rank and n is the highest rank.
One needs exactly di years to rise from rank i to rank i + 1. Reaching a certain rank i havin... |
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You will have a list of rationals in the form
```
lst = [ [numer_1, denom_1] , ... , [numer_n, denom_n] ]
```
or
```
lst = [ (numer_1, denom_1) , ... , (numer_n, denom_n) ]
```
where all numbers are positive integers. You have to produce their sum `N ... |
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Bear Limak has n colored balls, arranged in one long row. Balls are numbered 1 through n, from left to right. There are n possible colors, also numbered 1 through n. The i-th ball has color ti.
For a fixed interval (set of consecutive elements) of ball... |
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Little Paul wants to learn how to play piano. He already has a melody he wants to start with. For simplicity he represented this melody as a sequence a_1, a_2, …, a_n of key numbers: the more a number is, the closer it is to the right end of the piano k... |
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A sequence of non-negative integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} of length n is called a wool sequence if and only if there exists two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n) such that $a_{l} \oplus a_{l + 1} \oplus \cdots \oplus a_{r} = 0$. In other words each wool s... |
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Emuskald needs a fence around his farm, but he is too lazy to build it himself. So he purchased a fence-building robot.
He wants the fence to be a regular polygon. The robot builds the fence along a single path, but it can only make fence corners at a ... |
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The final match of the Berland Football Cup has been held recently. The referee has shown $n$ yellow cards throughout the match. At the beginning of the match there were $a_1$ players in the first team and $a_2$ players in the second team.
The rules of... |
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Areas on the Cross-Section Diagram
Your task is to simulate a flood damage.
For a given cross-section diagram, reports areas of flooded sections.
<image>
Assume that rain is falling endlessly in the region and the water overflowing from the region... |
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You will be given a string and you task is to check if it is possible to convert that string into a palindrome by removing a single character. If the string is already a palindrome, return `"OK"`. If it is not, and we can convert it to a palindrome by r... |
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N players will participate in a tennis tournament. We will call them Player 1, Player 2, \ldots, Player N.
The tournament is round-robin format, and there will be N(N-1)/2 matches in total.
Is it possible to schedule these matches so that all of the fol... |
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This problem's actual name, "Lexicographically Largest Palindromic Subsequence" is too long to fit into the page headline.
You are given string s consisting of lowercase English letters only. Find its lexicographically largest palindromic subsequence.
... |
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Tsumugi brought $n$ delicious sweets to the Light Music Club. They are numbered from $1$ to $n$, where the $i$-th sweet has a sugar concentration described by an integer $a_i$.
Yui loves sweets, but she can eat at most $m$ sweets each day for health re... |
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AtCoDeer the deer and his friend TopCoDeer is playing a game.
The game consists of N turns.
In each turn, each player plays one of the two gestures, Rock and Paper, as in Rock-paper-scissors, under the following condition:
(※) After each turn, (the numb... |
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### Unfinished Loop - Bug Fixing #1
Oh no, Timmy's created an infinite loop! Help Timmy find and fix the bug in his unfinished for loop!
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample in... |
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Haiku is a genre of Japanese traditional poetry.
A haiku poem consists of 17 syllables split into three phrases, containing 5, 7 and 5 syllables correspondingly (the first phrase should contain exactly 5 syllables, the second phrase should contain exac... |
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Two bored soldiers are playing card war. Their card deck consists of exactly n cards, numbered from 1 to n, all values are different. They divide cards between them in some manner, it's possible that they have different number of cards. Then they play a... |
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n soldiers stand in a circle. For each soldier his height ai is known. A reconnaissance unit can be made of such two neighbouring soldiers, whose heights difference is minimal, i.e. |ai - aj| is minimal. So each of them will be less noticeable with the ... |
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— Thanks a lot for today.
— I experienced so many great things.
— You gave me memories like dreams... But I have to leave now...
— One last request, can you...
— Help me solve a Codeforces problem?
— ......
— What?
Chtholly has been thinking abou... |
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You are given a string S consisting of uppercase English letters. Find the length of the longest ACGT string that is a substring (see Notes) of S.
Here, a ACGT string is a string that contains no characters other than A, C, G and T.
-----Notes-----
A s... |
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Yaroslav has an array that consists of n integers. In one second Yaroslav can swap two neighboring array elements. Now Yaroslav is wondering if he can obtain an array where any two neighboring elements would be distinct in a finite time.
Help Yaroslav.... |
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You are given a three-digit positive integer N.
Determine whether N is a palindromic number.
Here, a palindromic number is an integer that reads the same backward as forward in decimal notation.
-----Constraints-----
- 100≤N≤999
- N is an integer.
... |
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Pasha loves his phone and also putting his hair up... But the hair is now irrelevant.
Pasha has installed a new game to his phone. The goal of the game is following. There is a rectangular field consisting of n row with m pixels in each row. Initially,... |
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You are given a string $s$, consisting only of characters '0' or '1'. Let $|s|$ be the length of $s$.
You are asked to choose some integer $k$ ($k > 0$) and find a sequence $a$ of length $k$ such that:
$1 \le a_1 < a_2 < \dots < a_k \le |s|$;
$a_{i-1... |
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A taxi driver, Nakamura, was so delighted because he got a passenger who wanted to go to a city thousands of kilometers away. However, he had a problem. As you may know, most taxis in Japan run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) because it is cheaper than... |
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Mr. Simpson got up with a slight feeling of tiredness. It was the start of another day of hard work. A bunch of papers were waiting for his inspection on his desk in his office. The papers contained his students' answers to questions in his Math class, ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian as well.
There are 100 houses located on a straight line. The first house is numbered 1 and the last one is numbered 100. Some M houses out of these 100 are occupied by cops.
Thief Devu has just... |
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The purpose of this problem is to verify whether the method you are using to read input data is sufficiently fast to handle problems branded with the enormous Input/Output warning. You are expected to be able to process at least 2.5MB of input data per ... |
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There are N points in a D-dimensional space.
The coordinates of the i-th point are (X_{i1}, X_{i2}, ..., X_{iD}).
The distance between two points with coordinates (y_1, y_2, ..., y_D) and (z_1, z_2, ..., z_D) is \sqrt{(y_1 - z_1)^2 + (y_2 - z_2)^2 + ...... |
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A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward. Examples of numerical palindromes are:
2332
110011
54322345
For this kata, single digit numbers will not be considered numerical palindr... |
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Luntik has decided to try singing. He has $a$ one-minute songs, $b$ two-minute songs and $c$ three-minute songs. He wants to distribute all songs into two concerts such that every song should be included to exactly one concert.
He wants to make the abs... |
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###Instructions
A time period starting from ```'hh:mm'``` lasting until ```'hh:mm'``` is stored in an array:
```
['08:14', '11:34']
```
A set of different time periods is then stored in a 2D Array like so, each in its own sub-array:
```
[['08:14','11:3... |
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Alicia has an array, $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$, of non-negative integers. For each $1 \leq i \leq n$, she has found a non-negative integer $x_i = max(0, a_1, \ldots, a_{i-1})$. Note that for $i=1$, $x_i = 0$.
For example, if Alicia had the array $a = \{0... |
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Let p (i) be the i-th prime number from the smallest. For example, 7 is the fourth prime number from the smallest, 2, 3, 5, 7, so p (4) = 7.
Given n, the sum of p (i) from i = 1 to n s
s = p (1) + p (2) + .... + p (n)
Create a program that outputs. F... |
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Little Petya loves counting. He wants to count the number of ways to paint a rectangular checkered board of size n × m (n rows, m columns) in k colors. Besides, the coloring should have the following property: for any vertical line that passes along the... |
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There are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet: 9 vowels and 23 consonants.
Your task is to change the letters with diacritics:
```
ą -> a,
ć -> c,
ę -> e,
ł -> l,
ń -> n,
ó -> o,
ś -> s,
ź -> z,
ż -> z
```
and print out the string without the use of t... |
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A bracketed sequence is called correct (regular) if by inserting "+" and "1" you can get a well-formed mathematical expression from it. For example, sequences "(())()", "()" and "(()(()))" are correct, while ")(", "(()" and "(()))(" are not.
The teache... |
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Daniel has a string s, consisting of lowercase English letters and period signs (characters '.'). Let's define the operation of replacement as the following sequence of steps: find a substring ".." (two consecutive periods) in string s, of all occurrenc... |
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Yakko, Wakko and Dot, world-famous animaniacs, decided to rest from acting in cartoons, and take a leave to travel a bit. Yakko dreamt to go to Pennsylvania, his Motherland and the Motherland of his ancestors. Wakko thought about Tasmania, its beaches, ... |
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Greg has an array a = a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} and m operations. Each operation looks as: l_{i}, r_{i}, d_{i}, (1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ r_{i} ≤ n). To apply operation i to the array means to increase all array elements with numbers l_{i}, l_{i} + 1, ..., r_{i} by value... |
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You are given a string $s$ consisting of $n$ lowercase Latin letters. Polycarp wants to remove exactly $k$ characters ($k \le n$) from the string $s$. Polycarp uses the following algorithm $k$ times:
if there is at least one letter 'a', remove the le... |
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You are given an array of positive integers a1, a2, ..., an × T of length n × T. We know that for any i > n it is true that ai = ai - n. Find the length of the longest non-decreasing sequence of the given array.
Input
The first line contains two space... |
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After finding and moving to the new planet that supports human life, discussions started on which currency should be used. After long negotiations, Bitcoin was ultimately chosen as the universal currency.
These were the great news for Alice, whose gran... |
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You and your n - 1 friends have found an array of integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. You have decided to share it in the following way: All n of you stand in a line in a particular order. Each minute, the person at the front of the line chooses either the fir... |
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The only difference between the easy and the hard version is the constraint on $n$.
You are given an undirected complete graph on $n$ vertices. A complete graph is a graph where each pair of vertices is connected by an edge. You have to paint the edges... |
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The winter in Berland lasts n days. For each day we know the forecast for the average air temperature that day.
Vasya has a new set of winter tires which allows him to drive safely no more than k days at any average air temperature. After k days of us... |
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The number `1035` is the smallest integer that exhibits a non frequent property: one its multiples, `3105 = 1035 * 3`, has its same digits but in different order, in other words, `3105`, is one of the permutations of `1035`.
The number `125874` is the ... |
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Takahashi went to an all-you-can-eat buffet with N kinds of dishes and ate all of them (Dish 1, Dish 2, \ldots, Dish N) once.
The i-th dish (1 \leq i \leq N) he ate was Dish A_i.
When he eats Dish i (1 \leq i \leq N), he gains B_i satisfaction points.
A... |
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Easy and hard versions are actually different problems, so we advise you to read both statements carefully.
You are given a weighted rooted tree, vertex 1 is the root of this tree. Also, each edge has its own cost.
A tree is a connected graph without ... |
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Let f(n) be the number of triples of integers (x,y,z) that satisfy both of the following conditions:
* 1 \leq x,y,z
* x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + xy + yz + zx = n
Given an integer N, find each of f(1),f(2),f(3),\ldots,f(N).
Constraints
* All values in input... |
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You already know that Valery's favorite sport is biathlon. Due to your help, he learned to shoot without missing, and his skills are unmatched at the shooting range. But now a smaller task is to be performed, he should learn to complete the path fastest... |
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Quick sort is based on the Divide-and-conquer approach. In QuickSort(A, p, r), first, a procedure Partition(A, p, r) divides an array A[p..r] into two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] such that each element of A[p..q-1] is less than or equal to A[q], w... |
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Santa Claus is the first who came to the Christmas Olympiad, and he is going to be the first to take his place at a desk! In the classroom there are n lanes of m desks each, and there are two working places at each of the desks. The lanes are numbered f... |
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There are $n$ points on a coordinate axis $OX$. The $i$-th point is located at the integer point $x_i$ and has a speed $v_i$. It is guaranteed that no two points occupy the same coordinate. All $n$ points move with the constant speed, the coordinate of ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
Sometimes mysteries happen. Chef found a directed graph with N vertices and M edges in his kitchen!
The evening was boring and chef has nothing else to do, so to entertain himself, Chef thoug... |
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You are walking through a parkway near your house. The parkway has $n+1$ benches in a row numbered from $1$ to $n+1$ from left to right. The distance between the bench $i$ and $i+1$ is $a_i$ meters.
Initially, you have $m$ units of energy. To walk $1$ ... |
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Slime has a sequence of positive integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$.
In one operation Orac can choose an arbitrary subsegment $[l \ldots r]$ of this sequence and replace all values $a_l, a_{l + 1}, \ldots, a_r$ to the value of median of $\{a_l, a_{l + 1}... |
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Aizu is famous for its buckwheat. There are many people who make buckwheat noodles by themselves.
One day, you went shopping to buy buckwheat flour. You can visit three shops, A, B and C. The amount in a bag and its unit price for each shop is determin... |
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problem
Given $ N $ different natural numbers $ a_i $. I decided to make a pair by choosing a different natural number from the given natural numbers. Output one pair that can be created with a value difference that is a multiple of $ N -1 $.
It shoul... |
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There are N cards placed face down in a row. On each card, an integer 1 or 2 is written.
Let A_i be the integer written on the i-th card.
Your objective is to guess A_1, A_2, ..., A_N correctly.
You know the following facts:
- For each i = 1, 2, ..., M... |
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The famous joke programming language HQ9+ has only 4 commands. In this problem we will explore its subset — a language called HQ...
-----Input-----
The only line of the input is a string between 1 and 10^6 characters long.
-----Output-----
Output ... |
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This problem is same as the next one, but has smaller constraints.
Shiro's just moved to the new house. She wants to invite all friends of her to the house so they can play monopoly. However, her house is too small, so she can only invite one friend at... |
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This is simplified version of the problem used on the original contest. The original problem seems to have too difiicult solution. The constraints for input data have been reduced.
Polycarp likes to play computer role-playing game «Lizards and Basement... |
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Problem statement
There is an unsigned $ 2 $ decimal integer $ X $ with $ N $ in digits including Leading-zeros. Output the largest non-negative integer that can be expressed in $ 2 $ base in $ N $ digits where the Hamming distance from $ X $ is $ D $.... |
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You are given two strings $s$ and $t$. The string $s$ consists of lowercase Latin letters and at most one wildcard character '*', the string $t$ consists only of lowercase Latin letters. The length of the string $s$ equals $n$, the length of the string ... |
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Example
Input
ACM
Output
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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The programming competition season has already started and it's time to train for ICPC. Sereja coaches his teams for a number of year and he knows that to get ready for the training session it's not enough to prepare only problems and editorial. As the ... |
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Little penguin Polo loves his home village. The village has n houses, indexed by integers from 1 to n. Each house has a plaque containing an integer, the i-th house has a plaque containing integer p_{i} (1 ≤ p_{i} ≤ n).
Little penguin Polo loves walkin... |
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Jzzhu has invented a kind of sequences, they meet the following property:$f_{1} = x ; f_{2} = y ; \forall i(i \geq 2), f_{i} = f_{i - 1} + f_{i + 1}$
You are given x and y, please calculate f_{n} modulo 1000000007 (10^9 + 7).
-----Input-----
The fir... |
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After you had helped George and Alex to move in the dorm, they went to help their friend Fedor play a new computer game «Call of Soldiers 3».
The game has (m + 1) players and n types of soldiers in total. Players «Call of Soldiers 3» are numbered form ... |
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Nowadays the one-way traffic is introduced all over the world in order to improve driving safety and reduce traffic jams. The government of Berland decided to keep up with new trends. Formerly all n cities of Berland were connected by n two-way roads in... |
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Catherine received an array of integers as a gift for March 8. Eventually she grew bored with it, and she started calculated various useless characteristics for it. She succeeded to do it for each one she came up with. But when she came up with another ... |
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Little Petya loves inequations. Help him find n positive integers a1, a2, ..., an, such that the following two conditions are satisfied:
* a12 + a22 + ... + an2 ≥ x
* a1 + a2 + ... + an ≤ y
Input
The first line contains three space-separated inte... |
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You have the `radius` of a circle with the center in point `(0,0)`.
Write a function that calculates the number of points in the circle where `(x,y)` - the cartesian coordinates of the points - are `integers`.
Example: for `radius = 2` the result shou... |
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You are given two squares, one with sides parallel to the coordinate axes, and another one with sides at 45 degrees to the coordinate axes. Find whether the two squares intersect.
The interior of the square is considered to be part of the square, i.e. ... |
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Mr. Chanek gives you a sequence a indexed from 1 to n. Define f(a) as the number of indices where a_i = i.
You can pick an element from the current sequence and remove it, then concatenate the remaining elements together. For example, if you remove th... |
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We're giving away nice huge bags containing number tiles! A bag we want to present to you contains n tiles. Each of them has a single number written on it — either 1 or 2.
However, there is one condition you must fulfill in order to receive the prize. ... |
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problem
There is a mysterious device $ M $, and if you put Tanuki and Fox in this device, one animal will come out from the device (hereinafter, Tanuki will be $ T $ and Fox will be $ F $).
$ M (x, y) $ represents an animal that came out by putting an... |
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You are given an integer $x$ and an array of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$. You have to determine if the number $a_1! + a_2! + \ldots + a_n!$ is divisible by $x!$.
Here $k!$ is a factorial of $k$ — the product of all positive integers less than or e... |
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You have array a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Segment [l, r] (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n) is good if a_{i} = a_{i} - 1 + a_{i} - 2, for all i (l + 2 ≤ i ≤ r).
Let's define len([l, r]) = r - l + 1, len([l, r]) is the length of the segment [l, r]. Segment [l_1, r_1], is longe... |
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Chef is very fond of horses. He enjoys watching them race. As expected, he has a stable full of horses. He, along with his friends, goes to his stable during the weekends to watch a few of these horses race. Chef wants his friends to enjoy the race and ... |
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You are given a permutation p_1, p_2, ... , p_n (an array where each integer from 1 to n appears exactly once). The weight of the i-th element of this permutation is a_i.
At first, you separate your permutation into two non-empty sets — prefix and suff... |
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George decided to prepare a Codesecrof round, so he has prepared m problems for the round. Let's number the problems with integers 1 through m. George estimates the i-th problem's complexity by integer b_{i}.
To make the round good, he needs to put at ... |
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You are given a string s, consisting of small Latin letters. Let's denote the length of the string as |s|. The characters in the string are numbered starting from 1.
Your task is to find out if it is possible to rearrange characters in string s so tha... |
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Today is Chef's birthday. His mom decided to surprise him with a truly fantastic gift: his favourite binary string B. But, unfortunately, all the stocks of binary string B have been sold out, and only a binary string A (A ≠ B) is available in the market... |
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I have a plan to go on a school trip at a school. I conducted a questionnaire survey for that purpose. Students have student numbers from 1 to n, and the locations of travel candidates are represented by numbers from 1 to m, and where they want to go ○ ... |
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Takahashi has a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters. On this string, he will perform the following operation K times:
* Let T be the string obtained by reversing S, and U be the string obtained by concatenating S and T in this ... |
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It's another Start[c]up finals, and that means there is pizza to order for the onsite contestants. There are only 2 types of pizza (obviously not, but let's just pretend for the sake of the problem), and all pizzas contain exactly S slices.
It is known... |
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Polycarp plans to conduct a load testing of its new project Fakebook. He already agreed with his friends that at certain points in time they will send requests to Fakebook. The load testing will last n minutes and in the i-th minute friends will send a_... |
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Suppose you are living with two cats: A and B. There are $n$ napping spots where both cats usually sleep.
Your cats like to sleep and also like all these spots, so they change napping spot each hour cyclically:
Cat A changes its napping place in order... |
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One day Mr. Takahashi picked up a dictionary containing all of the N! permutations of integers 1 through N. The dictionary has N! pages, and page i (1 ≤ i ≤ N!) contains the i-th permutation in the lexicographical order.
Mr. Takahashi wanted to look up... |
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There are N squares arranged in a row from left to right.
The height of the i-th square from the left is H_i.
You will land on a square of your choice, then repeat moving to the adjacent square on the right as long as the height of the next square is no... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given two sequences $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ and $b_1, b_2, \dots, b_n$. Each element of both sequences is either $0$, $1$ or $2$. The number of elements $0$, $1$, $2$ in the sequence $a$ is $x_1$, $y_1$, $z_1$ respectively, and the number of elem... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Draw a frame which has a height of H cm and a width of W cm. For example, the following figure shows a frame which has a height of 6 cm and a width of 10 cm.
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Constraints
* 3 ≤ H ≤ 300
* 3 ≤ W ≤ 300
Input
... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given string s. Let's call word any largest sequence of consecutive symbols without symbols ',' (comma) and ';' (semicolon). For example, there are four words in string "aba,123;1a;0": "aba", "123", "1a", "0". A word can be empty: for example, t... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Write a program to find the remainder when an integer A is divided by an integer B.
-----Input-----
The first line contains an integer T, the total number of test cases. Then T lines follow, each line contains two Integers A and B.
-----Output-----
... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given an integer N. Consider all possible segments on the coordinate axis with endpoints at integer points with coordinates between 0 and N, inclusive; there will be $\frac{n(n + 1)}{2}$ of them.
You want to draw these segments in several layer... |
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