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Ivan had string s consisting of small English letters. However, his friend Julia decided to make fun of him and hid the string s. Ivan preferred making a new string to finding the old one.
Ivan knows some information about the string s. Namely, he rem... |
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Write a program which reads $n$ dices constructed in the same way as Dice I, and determines whether they are all different. For the determination, use the same way as Dice III.
Constraints
* $2 \leq n \leq 100$
* $0 \leq $ the integer assigned to a fa... |
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Polycarp was given an array of $a[1 \dots n]$ of $n$ integers. He can perform the following operation with the array $a$ no more than $n$ times:
Polycarp selects the index $i$ and adds the value $a_i$ to one of his choice of its neighbors. More formall... |
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Berland scientists noticed long ago that the world around them depends on Berland population. Due to persistent research in this area the scientists managed to find out that the Berland chronology starts from the moment when the first two people came to... |
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You are at the top left cell $(1, 1)$ of an $n \times m$ labyrinth. Your goal is to get to the bottom right cell $(n, m)$. You can only move right or down, one cell per step. Moving right from a cell $(x, y)$ takes you to the cell $(x, y + 1)$, while mo... |
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Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too.
An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are conne... |
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While Mahmoud and Ehab were practicing for IOI, they found a problem which name was Longest common subsequence. They solved it, and then Ehab challenged Mahmoud with another problem.
Given two strings a and b, find the length of their longest uncommon ... |
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The [Chinese zodiac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac) is a repeating cycle of 12 years, with each year being represented by an animal and its reputed attributes. The lunar calendar is divided into cycles of 60 years each, and each year has ... |
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Taro is addicted to a novel. The novel has n volumes in total, and each volume has a different thickness. Taro likes this novel so much that he wants to buy a bookshelf dedicated to it. However, if you put a large bookshelf in the room, it will be quite... |
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You are a judge of a programming contest. You are preparing a dataset for a graph problem to seek for the cost of the minimum cost path. You've generated some random cases, but they are not interesting. You want to produce a dataset whose answer is a de... |
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A binary heap which satisfies max-heap property is called max-heap. In a max-heap, for every node $i$ other than the root, $A[i] \leq A[parent(i)]$, that is, the value of a node is at most the value of its parent. The largest element in a max-heap is st... |
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The store sells $n$ beads. The color of each bead is described by a lowercase letter of the English alphabet ("a"–"z"). You want to buy some beads to assemble a necklace from them.
A necklace is a set of beads connected in a circle.
For example, if th... |
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Codeforces user' handle color depends on his rating — it is red if his rating is greater or equal to 2400; it is orange if his rating is less than 2400 but greater or equal to 2200, etc. Each time participant takes part in a rated contest, his rating is... |
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Polycarp thinks about the meaning of life very often. He does this constantly, even when typing in the editor. Every time he starts brooding he can no longer fully concentrate and repeatedly presses the keys that need to be pressed only once. For exampl... |
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Once Bob got to a sale of old TV sets. There were n TV sets at that sale. TV set with index i costs ai bellars. Some TV sets have a negative price — their owners are ready to pay Bob if he buys their useless apparatus. Bob can «buy» any TV sets he wants... |
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You can't possibly imagine how cold our friends are this winter in Nvodsk! Two of them play the following game to warm up: initially a piece of paper has an integer q. During a move a player should write any integer number that is a non-trivial divisor ... |
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Consider creating the following number pattern.
4 8 2 3 1 0 8 3 7 6
2 0 5 4 1 8 1 0 3
2 5 9 5 9 9 1 3
7 4 4 4 8 0 4
1 8 8 2 8 4
9 6 0 0 2
5 6 0 2
1 6 2
7 8
Five
This pattern follows the rules below.
A B
C
In the sequence of numbers, C is the one... |
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There is a directed graph with N vertices numbered 1 to N and M edges.
The i-th edge is directed from Vertex A_i to Vertex B_i, and there are C_i coins placed along that edge.
Additionally, there is a button on Vertex N.
We will play a game on this grap... |
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Write a function, which takes a non-negative integer (seconds) as input and returns the time in a human-readable format (`HH:MM:SS`)
* `HH` = hours, padded to 2 digits, range: 00 - 99
* `MM` = minutes, padded to 2 digits, range: 00 - 59
* `SS` = second... |
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Taro is playing with a puzzle that places numbers 1-9 in 9x9 squares. In this puzzle, you have to arrange the numbers according to the following rules.
* One number appears exactly once in the same column
* A number appears exactly once on the same lin... |
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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors, and a decl... |
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Anya loves to watch horror movies. In the best traditions of horror, she will be visited by m ghosts tonight. Anya has lots of candles prepared for the visits, each candle can produce light for exactly t seconds. It takes the girl one second to light on... |
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Your search for Heidi is over – you finally found her at a library, dressed up as a human. In fact, she has spent so much time there that she now runs the place! Her job is to buy books and keep them at the library so that people can borrow and read the... |
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The robot is placed in the top left corner of a grid, consisting of $n$ rows and $m$ columns, in a cell $(1, 1)$.
In one step, it can move into a cell, adjacent by a side to the current one:
$(x, y) \rightarrow (x, y + 1)$;
$(x, y) \rightarrow (x + 1... |
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Harry Water, Ronaldo, Her-my-oh-knee and their friends have started a new school year at their MDCS School of Speechcraft and Misery. At the time, they are very happy to have seen each other after a long time. The sun is shining, birds are singing, flow... |
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It is nighttime and Joe the Elusive got into the country's main bank's safe. The safe has n cells positioned in a row, each of them contains some amount of diamonds. Let's make the problem more comfortable to work with and mark the cells with positive n... |
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Write a function ```convert_temp(temp, from_scale, to_scale)``` converting temperature from one scale to another.
Return converted temp value.
Round converted temp value to an integer(!).
Reading: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units_of_... |
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There are three airports A, B and C, and flights between each pair of airports in both directions.
A one-way flight between airports A and B takes P hours, a one-way flight between airports B and C takes Q hours, and a one-way flight between airports C ... |
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The Metropolis computer network consists of n servers, each has an encryption key in the range from 0 to 2^k - 1 assigned to it. Let c_i be the encryption key assigned to the i-th server. Additionally, m pairs of servers are directly connected via a dat... |
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Unscramble the eggs.
The string given to your function has had an "egg" inserted directly after each consonant. You need to return the string before it became eggcoded.
## Example
Kata is supposed to be for beginners to practice regular expressions,... |
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The student council has a shared document file. Every day, some members of the student council write the sequence TMT (short for Towa Maji Tenshi) in it.
However, one day, the members somehow entered the sequence into the document at the same time, cre... |
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Yaroslav has an array, consisting of (2·n - 1) integers. In a single operation Yaroslav can change the sign of exactly n elements in the array. In other words, in one operation Yaroslav can select exactly n array elements, and multiply each of them by -... |
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There are $n$ people who want to participate in a boat competition. The weight of the $i$-th participant is $w_i$. Only teams consisting of two people can participate in this competition. As an organizer, you think that it's fair to allow only teams wit... |
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Alice has a string $s$. She really likes the letter "a". She calls a string good if strictly more than half of the characters in that string are "a"s. For example "aaabb", "axaa" are good strings, and "baca", "awwwa", "" (empty string) are not.
Alice c... |
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You are given a multiset of n integers. You should select exactly k of them in a such way that the difference between any two of them is divisible by m, or tell that it is impossible.
Numbers can be repeated in the original multiset and in the multiset... |
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There is a plane like Figure 1 with 8 vertical and 8 horizontal squares. There are several bombs on that plane. Figure 2 shows an example (● = bomb).
| □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | □
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
□ | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | ... |
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I decided to play rock-paper-scissors with a group of five good friends. Rock-paper-scissors has three hands: goo, choki, and par. If the game between goo and choki is a match between goo and choki, goo is "winning" and choki is "losing". , Par and Goo ... |
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Prior to having fancy iPhones, teenagers would wear out their thumbs sending SMS
messages on candybar-shaped feature phones with 3x4 numeric keypads.
------- ------- -------
| | | ABC | | DEF |
| 1 | | 2 | | 3 |
------- ------... |
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You want to go on a trip with a friend. However, friends who have a habit of spending money cannot easily save travel expenses. I don't know when my friends will go on a trip if they continue their current lives. So, if you want to travel early, you dec... |
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Recently, Norge found a string $s = s_1 s_2 \ldots s_n$ consisting of $n$ lowercase Latin letters. As an exercise to improve his typing speed, he decided to type all substrings of the string $s$. Yes, all $\frac{n (n + 1)}{2}$ of them!
A substring of $... |
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For his computer science class, Jacob builds a model tree with sticks and balls containing n nodes in the shape of a tree. Jacob has spent ai minutes building the i-th ball in the tree.
Jacob's teacher will evaluate his model and grade Jacob based on t... |
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Lord Omkar has permitted you to enter the Holy Church of Omkar! To test your worthiness, Omkar gives you a password which you must interpret!
A password is an array $a$ of $n$ positive integers. You apply the following operation to the array: pick any ... |
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As Famil Door’s birthday is coming, some of his friends (like Gabi) decided to buy a present for him. His friends are going to buy a string consisted of round brackets since Famil Door loves string of brackets of length n more than any other strings!
T... |
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The "BerCorp" company has got n employees. These employees can use m approved official languages for the formal correspondence. The languages are numbered with integers from 1 to m. For each employee we have the list of languages, which he knows. This l... |
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The classic programming language of Bitland is Bit++. This language is so peculiar and complicated.
The language is that peculiar as it has exactly one variable, called x. Also, there are two operations:
Operation ++ increases the value of variable ... |
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This is the story of 20XX. The number of air passengers increased as a result of the stable energy supply by the renewable power network and the invention of liquefied synthetic fuel. However, the threat of terrorism by aircraft still exists, and the im... |
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Problem F Pizza Delivery
Alyssa is a college student, living in New Tsukuba City. All the streets in the city are one-way. A new social experiment starting tomorrow is on alternative traffic regulation reversing the one-way directions of street section... |
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Billy investigates the question of applying greedy algorithm to different spheres of life. At the moment he is studying the application of greedy algorithm to the problem about change. There is an amount of n coins of different face values, and the coin... |
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The new camp by widely-known over the country Spring Programming Camp is going to start soon. Hence, all the team of friendly curators and teachers started composing the camp's schedule. After some continuous discussion, they came up with a schedule s, ... |
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This problem is a simplified version of D2, but it has significant differences, so read the whole statement.
Polycarp has an array of $n$ ($n$ is even) integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. Polycarp conceived of a positive integer $k$. After that, Polycarp ... |
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Bob is playing a game of Spaceship Solitaire. The goal of this game is to build a spaceship. In order to do this, he first needs to accumulate enough resources for the construction. There are $n$ types of resources, numbered $1$ through $n$. Bob needs a... |
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There are several colored cubes. All of them are of the same size but they may be colored differently. Each face of these cubes has a single color. Colors of distinct faces of a cube may or may not be the same.
Two cubes are said to be identically colo... |
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John Smith knows that his son, Thomas Smith, is among the best students in his class and even in his school. After the students of the school took the exams in English, German, Math, and History, a table of results was formed.
There are $n$ students, e... |
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There are $n$ shovels in the nearby shop. The $i$-th shovel costs $a_i$ bourles.
Misha has to buy exactly $k$ shovels. Each shovel can be bought no more than once.
Misha can buy shovels by several purchases. During one purchase he can choose any subse... |
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You are given a matrix with $n$ rows (numbered from $1$ to $n$) and $m$ columns (numbered from $1$ to $m$). A number $a_{i, j}$ is written in the cell belonging to the $i$-th row and the $j$-th column, each number is either $0$ or $1$.
A chip is initia... |
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Salem gave you $n$ sticks with integer positive lengths $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$.
For every stick, you can change its length to any other positive integer length (that is, either shrink or stretch it). The cost of changing the stick's length from $a$ to... |
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Emergency Evacuation
The Japanese government plans to increase the number of inbound tourists to forty million in the year 2020, and sixty million in 2030. Not only increasing touristic appeal but also developing tourism infrastructure further is indis... |
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Polycarpus likes studying at school a lot and he is always diligent about his homework. Polycarpus has never had any problems with natural sciences as his great-great-grandfather was the great physicist Seinstein. On the other hand though, Polycarpus ha... |
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#### Task:
Your job here is to write a function (`keepOrder` in JS/CoffeeScript, `keep_order` in Ruby/Crystal/Python, `keeporder` in Julia), which takes a sorted array `ary` and a value `val`, and returns the lowest index where you could insert `val` t... |
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From beginning till end, this message has been waiting to be conveyed.
For a given unordered multiset of n lowercase English letters ("multi" means that a letter may appear more than once), we treat all letters as strings of length 1, and repeat the fo... |
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You are given three bags. Each bag contains a non-empty multiset of numbers. You can perform a number of operations on these bags. In one operation, you can choose any two non-empty bags, and choose one number from each of the bags. Let's say that you c... |
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You are given set of n points in 5-dimensional space. The points are labeled from 1 to n. No two points coincide.
We will call point a bad if there are different points b and c, not equal to a, from the given set such that angle between vectors <image>... |
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Your task is to make function, which returns the sum of a sequence of integers.
The sequence is defined by 3 non-negative values: **begin**, **end**, **step**.
If **begin** value is greater than the **end**, function should returns **0**
*Examples*
... |
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Innokentiy decides to change the password in the social net "Contact!", but he is too lazy to invent a new password by himself. That is why he needs your help.
Innokentiy decides that new password should satisfy the following conditions: the length o... |
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A Pythagorean triple is a triple of integer numbers $(a, b, c)$ such that it is possible to form a right triangle with the lengths of the first cathetus, the second cathetus and the hypotenuse equal to $a$, $b$ and $c$, respectively. An example of the P... |
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A thief sneaked into a museum with a lot of treasures with only one large furoshiki. There are many things I want to steal, but the weight that the furoshiki can withstand is limited, and if it exceeds this, the furoshiki will tear. Therefore, the thief... |
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## Emotional Sort ( ︶︿︶)
You'll have a function called "**sortEmotions**" that will return an array of **emotions** sorted. It has two parameters, the first parameter called "**arr**" will expect an array of **emotions** where an **emotion** will be on... |
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Kaavi, the mysterious fortune teller, deeply believes that one's fate is inevitable and unavoidable. Of course, she makes her living by predicting others' future. While doing divination, Kaavi believes that magic spells can provide great power for her t... |
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Kolya is going to make fresh orange juice. He has n oranges of sizes a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Kolya will put them in the juicer in the fixed order, starting with orange of size a_1, then orange of size a_2 and so on. To be put in the juicer the orange must... |
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Vasya studies divisibility rules at school. Here are some of them:
* Divisibility by 2. A number is divisible by 2 if and only if its last digit is divisible by 2 or in other words, is even.
* Divisibility by 3. A number is divisible by 3 if and on... |
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You are standing on the $\mathit{OX}$-axis at point $0$ and you want to move to an integer point $x > 0$.
You can make several jumps. Suppose you're currently at point $y$ ($y$ may be negative) and jump for the $k$-th time. You can:
either jump to the... |
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Two famous competing companies ChemForces and TopChemist decided to show their sets of recently discovered chemical elements on an exhibition. However they know that no element should be present in the sets of both companies.
In order to avoid this rep... |
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Given is an undirected graph G consisting of N vertices numbered 1 through N and M edges numbered 1 through M.
Edge i connects Vertex a_i and Vertex b_i bidirectionally.
G is said to be a good graph when both of the conditions below are satisfied. It is... |
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Ivan has a robot which is situated on an infinite grid. Initially the robot is standing in the starting cell (0, 0). The robot can process commands. There are four types of commands it can perform: U — move from the cell (x, y) to (x, y + 1); D — move... |
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In this problem, a $n \times m$ rectangular matrix $a$ is called increasing if, for each row of $i$, when go from left to right, the values strictly increase (that is, $a_{i,1}<a_{i,2}<\dots<a_{i,m}$) and for each column $j$, when go from top to bottom,... |
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Iahub is a big fan of tourists. He wants to become a tourist himself, so he planned a trip. There are n destinations on a straight road that Iahub wants to visit. Iahub starts the excursion from kilometer 0. The n destinations are described by a non-neg... |
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Farmer Feb has three fields with potatoes planted in them. He harvested x potatoes from the first field, y potatoes from the second field and is yet to harvest potatoes from the third field. Feb is very superstitious and believes that if the sum of pota... |
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Pupils decided to go to amusement park. Some of them were with parents. In total, n people came to the park and they all want to get to the most extreme attraction and roll on it exactly once.
Tickets for group of x people are sold on the attraction, t... |
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You have array a that contains all integers from 1 to n twice. You can arbitrary permute any numbers in a.
Let number i be in positions x_{i}, y_{i} (x_{i} < y_{i}) in the permuted array a. Let's define the value d_{i} = y_{i} - x_{i} — the distance be... |
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Create a function
```python
has_two_cube_sums(n)
```
which checks if a given number `n` can be written as the sum of two cubes in two different ways: `n = a³+b³ = c³+d³`.
All the numbers `a`, `b`, `c` and `d` should be different and greater than `0`.
... |
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You have an array of numbers.
Your task is to sort ascending odd numbers but even numbers must be on their places.
Zero isn't an odd number and you don't need to move it. If you have an empty array, you need to return it.
*Example*
```python
sort_ar... |
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Chilly Willy loves playing with numbers. He only knows prime numbers that are digits yet. These numbers are 2, 3, 5 and 7. But Willy grew rather bored of such numbers, so he came up with a few games that were connected with them.
Chilly Willy wants to ... |
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Your task is simply to count the total number of lowercase letters in a string.
## Examples
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python del... |
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You are given two integers a and b. Determine if a+b=15 or a\times b=15 or neither holds.
Note that a+b=15 and a\times b=15 do not hold at the same time.
Constraints
* 1 \leq a,b \leq 15
* All values in input are integers.
Input
Input is given from... |
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Three people, A, B and C, are trying to communicate using transceivers.
They are standing along a number line, and the coordinates of A, B and C are a, b and c (in meters), respectively.
Two people can directly communicate when the distance between them... |
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Petya is the most responsible worker in the Research Institute. So he was asked to make a very important experiment: to melt the chocolate bar with a new laser device. The device consists of a rectangular field of n × m cells and a robotic arm. Each cel... |
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Valera the Horse is going to the party with friends. He has been following the fashion trends for a while, and he knows that it is very popular to wear all horseshoes of different color. Valera has got four horseshoes left from the last year, but maybe ... |
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Implement the function unique_in_order which takes as argument a sequence and returns a list of items without any elements with the same value next to each other and preserving the original order of elements.
For example:
```python
unique_in_order('AA... |
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Takahashi will do a tap dance. The dance is described by a string S where each character is L, R, U, or D. These characters indicate the positions on which Takahashi should step. He will follow these instructions one by one in order, starting with the f... |
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Example
Input
8
-10 0
-10 5
-5 5
-5 0
10 0
10 -5
5 -5
5 0
Output
50
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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problem
There are n cards with one integer from 1 to n and one blank card. Of these n + 1 cards, k cards are given, but 1 ≤ k ≤ n. You can write one integer from 1 to n on a blank card. I want to make a continuous sequence of integers as long as possib... |
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$N$ sages are sitting around a round table with $N$ seats. Each sage holds chopsticks with his dominant hand to eat his dinner. The following happens in this situation.
* If sage $i$ is right-handed and a left-handed sage sits on his right, a level of ... |
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It's New Year's Eve soon, so Ivan decided it's high time he started setting the table. Ivan has bought two cakes and cut them into pieces: the first cake has been cut into a pieces, and the second one — into b pieces.
Ivan knows that there will be n pe... |
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Sereja has got an array, consisting of n integers, a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Sereja is an active boy, so he is now going to complete m operations. Each operation will have one of the three forms: Make v_{i}-th array element equal to x_{i}. In other words, ... |
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You are given a permutation of the numbers 1, 2, ..., n and m pairs of positions (a_{j}, b_{j}).
At each step you can choose a pair from the given positions and swap the numbers in that positions. What is the lexicographically maximal permutation one c... |
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Stepan is a very experienced olympiad participant. He has n cups for Physics olympiads and m cups for Informatics olympiads. Each cup is characterized by two parameters — its significance c_{i} and width w_{i}.
Stepan decided to expose some of his cups... |
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There are N strings arranged in a row. It is known that, for any two adjacent strings, the string to the left is lexicographically smaller than the string to the right. That is, S_1<S_2<...<S_N holds lexicographically, where S_i is the i-th string from ... |
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An accordion is a string (yes, in the real world accordions are musical instruments, but let's forget about it for a while) which can be represented as a concatenation of: an opening bracket (ASCII code $091$), a colon (ASCII code $058$), some (possibly... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Someone give a strange birthday present to Ivan. It is hedgehog — connected undirected graph in which one vertex has degree at least 3 (we will call it center) and all other vertices has degree 1. Ivan thought that hedgehog is too boring and decided to ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Santa Claus has Robot which lives on the infinite grid and can move along its lines. He can also, having a sequence of m points p_1, p_2, ..., p_{m} with integer coordinates, do the following: denote its initial location by p_0. First, the robot will mo... |
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