question large_stringlengths 265 13.2k |
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Maxim wants to buy an apartment in a new house at Line Avenue of Metropolis. The house has n apartments that are numbered from 1 to n and are arranged in a row. Two apartments are adjacent if their indices differ by 1. Some of the apartments can already... |
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Complete the function `scramble(str1, str2)` that returns `true` if a portion of ```str1``` characters can be rearranged to match ```str2```, otherwise returns ```false```.
**Notes:**
* Only lower case letters will be used (a-z). No punctuation or dig... |
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Each student eagerly awaits the day he would pass the exams successfully. Thus, Vasya was ready to celebrate, but, alas, he didn't pass it. However, many of Vasya's fellow students from the same group were more successful and celebrated after the exam.
... |
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Sam has been teaching Jon the Game of Stones to sharpen his mind and help him devise a strategy to fight the white walkers. The rules of this game are quite simple: The game starts with n piles of stones indexed from 1 to n. The i-th pile contains s_{i... |
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You are given a tree, which consists of $n$ vertices. Recall that a tree is a connected undirected graph without cycles. [Image] Example of a tree.
Vertices are numbered from $1$ to $n$. All vertices have weights, the weight of the vertex $v$ is $a_v... |
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For a given weighted undirected graph G(V, E), find the distance of the shortest route that meets the following criteria:
* It is a closed cycle where it ends at the same point it starts.
* The route must go through every edge at least once.
Constrain... |
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Little Petya very much likes playing with little Masha. Recently he has received a game called "Zero-One" as a gift from his mother. Petya immediately offered Masha to play the game with him.
Before the very beginning of the game several cards are lain... |
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Whereas humans nowadays read fewer and fewer books on paper, book readership among marmots has surged. Heidi has expanded the library and is now serving longer request sequences.
-----Input-----
Same as the easy version, but the limits have changed: ... |
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Roma (a popular Russian name that means 'Roman') loves the Little Lvov Elephant's lucky numbers.
Let us remind you that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal representation only contains lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4... |
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BerPhone X is almost ready for release with n applications being preinstalled on the phone. A category of an application characterizes a genre or a theme of this application (like "game", "business", or "education"). The categories are given as integers... |
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Little Petya wanted to give an April Fools Day present to some scientists. After some hesitation he decided to give them the array that he got as a present in Codeforces Round #153 (Div.2). The scientists rejoiced at the gift and decided to put some imp... |
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Vasya and Petya take part in a Codeforces round. The round lasts for two hours and contains five problems.
For this round the dynamic problem scoring is used. If you were lucky not to participate in any Codeforces round with dynamic problem scoring, he... |
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This problem differs from the next one only in the presence of the constraint on the equal length of all numbers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. Actually, this problem is a subtask of the problem D2 from the same contest and the solution of D2 solves this subta... |
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Limak is a little polar bear. He doesn't have many toys and thus he often plays with polynomials.
He considers a polynomial valid if its degree is n and its coefficients are integers not exceeding k by the absolute value. More formally:
Let a_0, a_1, ... |
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Bear Limak likes watching sports on TV. He is going to watch a game today. The game lasts 90 minutes and there are no breaks.
Each minute can be either interesting or boring. If 15 consecutive minutes are boring then Limak immediately turns TV off.
Yo... |
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Igor has been into chess for a long time and now he is sick of the game by the ordinary rules. He is going to think of new rules of the game and become world famous.
Igor's chessboard is a square of size n × n cells. Igor decided that simple rules guar... |
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You have a grid with `$m$` rows and `$n$` columns. Return the number of unique ways that start from the top-left corner and go to the bottom-right corner. You are only allowed to move right and down.
For example, in the below grid of `$2$` rows and `$3... |
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Problem statement
Jota knows only the characters from `a` to` z` and the addition symbol `+`. Jota has an older sister, Tachiko. In addition to that, Tatsuko knows multiplication `*`, parentheses `(`, `)`, and integers (numbers) between `1` and` 9`. Ho... |
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Vasya has the square chessboard of size n × n and m rooks. Initially the chessboard is empty. Vasya will consequently put the rooks on the board one after another.
The cell of the field is under rook's attack, if there is at least one rook located in t... |
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Alice, Bob and Charlie are playing Card Game for Three, as below:
- At first, each of the three players has a deck consisting of some number of cards. Each card has a letter a, b or c written on it. The orders of the cards in the decks cannot be rearra... |
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Bob has ladder. He wants to climb this ladder, but being a precocious child, he wonders about exactly how many ways he could to climb this `n` size ladder using jumps of up to distance `k`.
Consider this example...
n = 5\
k = 3
Here, Bob has ladder o... |
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Problem
Neat lives on the world line for a total of 360 days until the 30th of every month for 1 year and 12 months. In that world, N consecutive holidays with the same schedule were applied to people all over the world every year. Consecutive holidays... |
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Little kids, Jack and Evan like playing their favorite game Glass-and-Stone. Today they want to play something new and came across Twitter on their father's laptop.
They saw it for the first time but were already getting bored to see a bunch of sentenc... |
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Some days ago, I learned the concept of LCM (least common multiple). I've played with it for several times and I want to make a big number with it.
But I also don't want to use many numbers, so I'll choose three positive integers (they don't have to be... |
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Mr. Dango's family has extremely huge number of members. Once it had about 100 members, and now it has as many as population of a city. It is jokingly guessed that the member might fill this planet in near future. They all have warm and gracious persona... |
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One day Vasya the Hipster decided to count how many socks he had. It turned out that he had a red socks and b blue socks.
According to the latest fashion, hipsters should wear the socks of different colors: a red one on the left foot, a blue one on the... |
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There is a simple directed graph G with N vertices, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
For each i and j (1 \leq i, j \leq N), you are given an integer a_{i, j} that represents whether there is a directed edge from Vertex i to j. If a_{i, j} = 1, there is a dire... |
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A student of z-school found a kind of sorting called z-sort. The array a with n elements are z-sorted if two conditions hold:
a_{i} ≥ a_{i} - 1 for all even i, a_{i} ≤ a_{i} - 1 for all odd i > 1.
For example the arrays [1,2,1,2] and [1,1,1,1] are... |
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Luba is surfing the Internet. She currently has n opened tabs in her browser, indexed from 1 to n from left to right. The mouse cursor is currently located at the pos-th tab. Luba needs to use the tabs with indices from l to r (inclusive) for her studie... |
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High school student Vasya got a string of length n as a birthday present. This string consists of letters 'a' and 'b' only. Vasya denotes beauty of the string as the maximum length of a substring (consecutive subsequence) consisting of equal letters.
V... |
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Takahashi lives in another world. There are slimes (creatures) of 10000 colors in this world. Let us call these colors Color 1, 2, ..., 10000.
Takahashi has N slimes, and they are standing in a row from left to right. The color of the i-th slime from t... |
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Problem
Here is a list of strings. Let's take a break and play with shiritori. Shiritori is performed according to the following rules.
1. First of all, select one of your favorite strings from the list and exclude that string from the list.
2. Next, ... |
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is the primary information storage molecule in biological systems. It is composed of four nucleic acid bases Guanine ('G'), Cytosine ('C'), Adenine ('A'), and Thymine ('T').
Ribonucleic acid, RNA, is the primary messenger mo... |
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For integers b (b \geq 2) and n (n \geq 1), let the function f(b,n) be defined as follows:
- f(b,n) = n, when n < b
- f(b,n) = f(b,\,{\rm floor}(n / b)) + (n \ {\rm mod} \ b), when n \geq b
Here, {\rm floor}(n / b) denotes the largest integer not exce... |
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Right now she actually isn't. But she will be, if you don't solve this problem.
You are given integers n, k, A and B. There is a number x, which is initially equal to n. You are allowed to perform two types of operations: Subtract 1 from x. This oper... |
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Takahashi and Aoki are training for long-distance races in an infinitely long straight course running from west to east.
They start simultaneously at the same point and moves as follows towards the east:
* Takahashi runs A_1 meters per minute for the ... |
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You are given an array $a_1, a_2 \dots a_n$. Calculate the number of tuples $(i, j, k, l)$ such that: $1 \le i < j < k < l \le n$; $a_i = a_k$ and $a_j = a_l$;
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 100$) — the... |
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A lot of people associate Logo programming language with turtle graphics. In this case the turtle moves along the straight line and accepts commands "T" ("turn around") and "F" ("move 1 unit forward").
You are given a list of commands that will be give... |
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Sereja and his friends went to a picnic. The guys had n soda bottles just for it. Sereja forgot the bottle opener as usual, so the guys had to come up with another way to open bottles.
Sereja knows that the i-th bottle is from brand a_{i}, besides, you... |
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It has been decided that a programming contest sponsored by company A will be held, so we will post the notice on a bulletin board.
The bulletin board is in the form of a grid with N rows and N columns, and the notice will occupy a rectangular region w... |
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Problem D: Legendary Sword
* This problem contains a lot of two ingredients in the kitchen. Please be careful about heartburn.
The Demon King, who has finally revived, is about to invade the human world to wrap the world in darkness again.
The Demon ... |
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You are organizing a boxing tournament, where $n$ boxers will participate ($n$ is a power of $2$), and your friend is one of them. All boxers have different strength from $1$ to $n$, and boxer $i$ wins in the match against boxer $j$ if and only if $i$ i... |
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Luba needs your help again! Luba has n TV sets. She knows that i-th TV set will be working from moment of time li till moment ri, inclusive.
Luba wants to switch off one of TV sets in order to free the socket. Let's call some TV set redundant if after ... |
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After all the events in Orlando we all know, Sasha and Roma decided to find out who is still the team's biggest loser. Thankfully, Masha found somewhere a revolver with a rotating cylinder of n bullet slots able to contain exactly k bullets, now the boy... |
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A large banner with word CODEFORCES was ordered for the 1000-th onsite round of Codeforces^{ω} that takes place on the Miami beach. Unfortunately, the company that made the banner mixed up two orders and delivered somebody else's banner that contains so... |
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One day, the lord ordered a carpenter to "build a sturdy and large building where the townspeople could evacuate in the event of a typhoon or earthquake." However, large thick pillars are needed to complete the sturdy and large building. There is no suc... |
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There are K nuclear reactor chambers labelled from 0 to K-1. Particles are bombarded onto chamber 0. The particles keep collecting in the chamber 0. However if at any time, there are more than N particles in a chamber, a reaction will cause 1 particle t... |
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Polycarp analyzes the prices of the new berPhone. At his disposal are the prices for $n$ last days: $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$, where $a_i$ is the price of berPhone on the day $i$.
Polycarp considers the price on the day $i$ to be bad if later (that is, a ... |
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Write a program which reads two sequences of nodes obtained by the preorder tree walk and the inorder tree walk on a binary tree respectively, and prints a sequence of the nodes obtained by the postorder tree walk on the binary tree.
Constraints
* $1 ... |
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Our good friend Mole is trying to code a big message. He is typing on an unusual keyboard with characters arranged in following way:
qwertyuiop
asdfghjkl;
zxcvbnm,./
Unfortunately Mole is blind, so sometimes it is problem for him to put his hands ... |
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Zookeeper is playing a game. In this game, Zookeeper must use bombs to bomb a string that consists of letters 'A' and 'B'. He can use bombs to bomb a substring which is either "AB" or "BB". When he bombs such a substring, the substring gets deleted from... |
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The Little Elephant very much loves sums on intervals.
This time he has a pair of integers l and r (l ≤ r). The Little Elephant has to find the number of such integers x (l ≤ x ≤ r), that the first digit of integer x equals the last one (in decimal not... |
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Once upon a time in the Kingdom of Far Far Away lived Sam the Farmer. Sam had a cow named Dawn and he was deeply attached to her. Sam would spend the whole summer stocking hay to feed Dawn in winter. Sam scythed hay and put it into haystack. As Sam was ... |
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Ashish and Vivek play a game on a matrix consisting of $n$ rows and $m$ columns, where they take turns claiming cells. Unclaimed cells are represented by $0$, while claimed cells are represented by $1$. The initial state of the matrix is given. There ca... |
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There is a farm whose length and width are A yard and B yard, respectively. A farmer, John, made a vertical road and a horizontal road inside the farm from one border to another, as shown below: (The gray part represents the roads.)
What is the area of... |
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Levko loves array a_1, a_2, ... , a_{n}, consisting of integers, very much. That is why Levko is playing with array a, performing all sorts of operations with it. Each operation Levko performs is of one of two types:
Increase all elements from l_{i} ... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is the constraints.
Polycarp has to write a coursework. The coursework consists of $m$ pages.
Polycarp also has $n$ cups of coffee. The coffee in the $i$-th cup Polycarp has $a_i$ caffeine in it. Poly... |
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You have probably registered on Internet sites many times. And each time you should enter your invented password. Usually the registration form automatically checks the password's crypt resistance. If the user's password isn't complex enough, a message ... |
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In computer science and discrete mathematics, an [inversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_%28discrete_mathematics%29) is a pair of places in a sequence where the elements in these places are out of their natural order. So, if we use ascending... |
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There is a string S consisting of digits 1, 2, ..., 9.
Lunlun, the Dachshund, will take out three consecutive digits from S, treat them as a single integer X and bring it to her master. (She cannot rearrange the digits.)
The master's favorite number is ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
Alice and Bob, both have to drink water. But they both don't want to go, so they will play a game to decide who will fetch water for both of them. Alice will choose a number randomly between 1... |
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Tokitsukaze is one of the characters in the game "Kantai Collection". In this game, every character has a common attribute — health points, shortened to HP.
In general, different values of HP are grouped into $4$ categories: Category $A$ if HP is in t... |
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In the evening, after the contest Ilya was bored, and he really felt like maximizing. He remembered that he had a set of n sticks and an instrument. Each stick is characterized by its length l_{i}.
Ilya decided to make a rectangle from the sticks. And ... |
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Berland starts to seize the initiative on the war with Flatland. To drive the enemy from their native land, the berlanders need to know exactly how many more flatland soldiers are left in the enemy's reserve. Fortunately, the scouts captured an enemy in... |
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You are given two integers $l$ and $r$, where $l < r$. We will add $1$ to $l$ until the result is equal to $r$. Thus, there will be exactly $r-l$ additions performed. For each such addition, let's look at the number of digits that will be changed after ... |
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Little Masha loves arranging her toys into piles on the floor. And she also hates it when somebody touches her toys. One day Masha arranged all her n toys into several piles and then her elder brother Sasha came and gathered all the piles into one. Havi... |
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You are given two integers $n$ and $m$. Find the $\operatorname{MEX}$ of the sequence $n \oplus 0, n \oplus 1, \ldots, n \oplus m$. Here, $\oplus$ is the bitwise XOR operator .
$\operatorname{MEX}$ of the sequence of non-negative integers is the smalle... |
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Buses run between the cities A and B, the first one is at 05:00 AM and the last one departs not later than at 11:59 PM. A bus from the city A departs every a minutes and arrives to the city B in a t_{a} minutes, and a bus from the city B departs every b... |
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In a far away kingdom young pages help to set the table for the King. As they are terribly mischievous, one needs to keep an eye on the control whether they have set everything correctly. This time the royal chef Gerasim had the impression that the page... |
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-----Input-----
The input contains a single integer a (1 ≤ a ≤ 30).
-----Output-----
Output a single integer.
-----Example-----
Input
3
Output
27
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test o... |
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The Little Elephant loves sortings.
He has an array a consisting of n integers. Let's number the array elements from 1 to n, then the i-th element will be denoted as ai. The Little Elephant can make one move to choose an arbitrary pair of integers l an... |
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In one little known, but very beautiful country called Waterland, lives a lovely shark Valerie. Like all the sharks, she has several rows of teeth, and feeds on crucians. One of Valerie's distinguishing features is that while eating one crucian she uses... |
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For a given polygon g, computes the area of the polygon.
g is represented by a sequence of points p1, p2,..., pn where line segments connecting pi and pi+1 (1 ≤ i ≤ n-1) are sides of g. The line segment connecting pn and p1 is also a side of the polygo... |
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Let N be a positive integer.
There is a numerical sequence of length 3N, a = (a_1, a_2, ..., a_{3N}).
Snuke is constructing a new sequence of length 2N, a', by removing exactly N elements from a without changing the order of the remaining elements.
Here... |
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Pashmak's homework is a problem about graphs. Although he always tries to do his homework completely, he can't solve this problem. As you know, he's really weak at graph theory; so try to help him in solving the problem.
You are given a weighted direct... |
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John Doe started thinking about graphs. After some thought he decided that he wants to paint an undirected graph, containing exactly k cycles of length 3.
A cycle of length 3 is an unordered group of three distinct graph vertices a, b and c, such that... |
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Your task is to convert a given number into a string with commas added for easier readability. The number should be rounded to 3 decimal places and the commas should be added at intervals of three digits before the decimal point. There does not need to... |
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A decimal representation of an integer can be transformed to another integer by rearranging the order of digits. Let us make a sequence using this fact.
A non-negative integer a0 and the number of digits L are given first. Applying the following rules,... |
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A matrix of size $n \times m$ is called nice, if all rows and columns of the matrix are palindromes. A sequence of integers $(a_1, a_2, \dots , a_k)$ is a palindrome, if for any integer $i$ ($1 \le i \le k$) the equality $a_i = a_{k - i + 1}$ holds.
Sa... |
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We have 3N colored balls with IDs from 1 to 3N. A string S of length 3N represents the colors of the balls. The color of Ball i is red if S_i is `R`, green if S_i is `G`, and blue if S_i is `B`. There are N red balls, N green balls, and N blue balls.
T... |
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**Steps**
1. Square the numbers that are greater than zero.
2. Multiply by 3 every third number.
3. Multiply by -1 every fifth number.
4. Return the sum of the sequence.
**Example**
`{ -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 }` returns `-6`
```
1. { -2, -1, 0, 1 * 1, 2 * 2... |
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There are N robots numbered 1 to N placed on a number line. Robot i is placed at coordinate X_i. When activated, it will travel the distance of D_i in the positive direction, and then it will be removed from the number line. All the robots move at the s... |
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Revised
The current era, Heisei, will end on April 30, 2019, and a new era will begin the next day. The day after the last day of Heisei will be May 1, the first year of the new era.
In the system developed by the ACM-ICPC OB / OG Association (Japanes... |
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HDD hard drives group data by sectors. All files are split to fragments and each of them are written in some sector of hard drive. Note the fragments can be written in sectors in arbitrary order.
One of the problems of HDD hard drives is the following:... |
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Polycarp wants to buy exactly $n$ shovels. The shop sells packages with shovels. The store has $k$ types of packages: the package of the $i$-th type consists of exactly $i$ shovels ($1 \le i \le k$). The store has an infinite number of packages of each ... |
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You are given a connected weighted undirected graph without any loops and multiple edges.
Let us remind you that a graph's spanning tree is defined as an acyclic connected subgraph of the given graph that includes all of the graph's vertexes. The weig... |
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Sereja has two sequences a and b and number p. Sequence a consists of n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n}. Similarly, sequence b consists of m integers b_1, b_2, ..., b_{m}. As usual, Sereja studies the sequences he has. Today he wants to find the number of... |
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This is an easier version of the problem. In this version $n \le 1000$
The outskirts of the capital are being actively built up in Berland. The company "Kernel Panic" manages the construction of a residential complex of skyscrapers in New Berlskva. All... |
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Raccoon is fighting with a monster.
The health of the monster is H.
Raccoon can use N kinds of special moves. Using the i-th move decreases the monster's health by A_i.
There is no other way to decrease the monster's health.
Raccoon wins when the monste... |
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For some time the program of rounding numbers that had been developed by the Codeforces participants during one of the previous rounds, helped the citizens of Far Far Away to convert numbers into a more easily readable format. However, as time went by, ... |
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You are given a string $s$ of length $n$ consisting only of the characters 0 and 1.
You perform the following operation until the string becomes empty: choose some consecutive substring of equal characters, erase it from the string and glue the remaini... |
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You are given an integer m as a product of integers a_1, a_2, ... a_{n} $(m = \prod_{i = 1}^{n} a_{i})$. Your task is to find the number of distinct decompositions of number m into the product of n ordered positive integers.
Decomposition into n produc... |
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Ted has a pineapple. This pineapple is able to bark like a bulldog! At time t (in seconds) it barks for the first time. Then every s seconds after it, it barks twice with 1 second interval. Thus it barks at times t, t + s, t + s + 1, t + 2s, t + 2s + 1,... |
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Consider some square matrix A with side n consisting of zeros and ones. There are n rows numbered from 1 to n from top to bottom and n columns numbered from 1 to n from left to right in this matrix. We'll denote the element of the matrix which is locate... |
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You are given an undirected connected weighted graph with N vertices and M edges that contains neither self-loops nor double edges.
The i-th (1≤i≤M) edge connects vertex a_i and vertex b_i with a distance of c_i.
Here, a self-loop is an edge where a_i =... |
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Given are N integers A_1,\ldots,A_N.
We will choose exactly K of these elements. Find the maximum possible product of the chosen elements.
Then, print the maximum product modulo (10^9+7), using an integer between 0 and 10^9+6 (inclusive).
-----Constrai... |
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Consider a sequence, which is formed by the following rule: next term is taken as the smallest possible non-negative integer, which is not yet in the sequence, so that `no 3` terms of sequence form an arithmetic progression.
## Example
`f(0) = 0` -- s... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In a far away country called AlgoLandia, there are `N` islands numbered `1` to `N`. Each island is denoted by `k[i]`. King Algolas, king of AlgoLandia, built `N - 1` bridges in the country. A bridge is built between islands `k[i]` and `k[i+1]`. Bridges ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A boy PCK is playing with N electric metronomes. The i-th metronome is set to tick every t_i seconds. He started all of them simultaneously.
He noticed that, even though each metronome has its own ticking interval, all of them tick simultaneously from ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Instructors of Some Informatics School make students go to bed.
The house contains n rooms, in each room exactly b students were supposed to sleep. However, at the time of curfew it happened that many students are not located in their assigned rooms. T... |
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