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On a history lesson the teacher asked Vasya to name the dates when n famous events took place. He doesn't remembers the exact dates but he remembers a segment of days [li, ri] (inclusive) on which the event could have taken place. However Vasya also rem... |
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Mr. Bill is shopping at the store. There are some coins in his wallet (10-yen coins, 50-yen coins, 100-yen coins, 500-yen coins), but he is now trying to consume as much of this coin as possible. In other words, by paying for the goods with an appropria... |
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The government of Berland decided to improve network coverage in his country. Berland has a unique structure: the capital in the center and $n$ cities in a circle around the capital. The capital already has a good network coverage (so the government ign... |
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Ridhiman challenged Ashish to find the maximum valued subsequence of an array $a$ of size $n$ consisting of positive integers.
The value of a non-empty subsequence of $k$ elements of $a$ is defined as $\sum 2^i$ over all integers $i \ge 0$ such that a... |
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We have a string s consisting of lowercase English letters. Snuke is partitioning s into some number of non-empty substrings. Let the subtrings obtained be s_1, s_2, ..., s_N from left to right. (Here, s = s_1 + s_2 + ... + s_N holds.) Snuke wants to sa... |
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Vasya has a grid with $2$ rows and $n$ columns. He colours each cell red, green, or blue.
Vasya is colourblind and can't distinguish green from blue. Determine if Vasya will consider the two rows of the grid to be coloured the same.
-----Input-----
... |
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There are N squares lining up in a row, numbered 1 through N from left to right. Initially, all squares are white. We also have N-1 painting machines, numbered 1 through N-1. When operated, Machine i paints Square i and i+1 black.
Snuke will operate th... |
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You are given an array of $n$ integers: $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$. Your task is to find some non-zero integer $d$ ($-10^3 \leq d \leq 10^3$) such that, after each number in the array is divided by $d$, the number of positive numbers that are presented in ... |
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Monocarp plays a computer game (yet again!). This game has a unique trading mechanics.
To trade with a character, Monocarp has to choose one of the items he possesses and trade it for some item the other character possesses. Each item has an integer pr... |
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Implication is a function of two logical arguments, its value is false if and only if the value of the first argument is true and the value of the second argument is false.
Implication is written by using character '$\rightarrow$', and the arguments a... |
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Problem
It seems that a magician with a smoky smell will show off his magic.
"Now, think of one favorite integer."
You decide to think of your counting years in your head.
The magician has thrown the query $ N $ times.
Each query is one of the follow... |
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Kevin Sun wants to move his precious collection of n cowbells from Naperthrill to Exeter, where there is actually grass instead of corn. Before moving, he must pack his cowbells into k boxes of a fixed size. In order to keep his collection safe during t... |
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You're hanging out with your friends in a bar, when suddenly one of them is so drunk, that he can't speak, and when he wants to say something, he writes it down on a paper. However, none of the words he writes make sense to you. He wants to help you, so... |
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It is so boring in the summer holiday, isn't it? So Alice and Bob have invented a new game to play. The rules are as follows. First, they get a set of n distinct integers. And then they take turns to make the following moves. During each move, either Al... |
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Problem Statement
You are given a connected undirected graph which has even numbers of nodes. A connected graph is a graph in which all nodes are connected directly or indirectly by edges.
Your task is to find a spanning tree whose median value of edg... |
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You have decided to watch the best moments of some movie. There are two buttons on your player: Watch the current minute of the movie. By pressing this button, you watch the current minute of the movie and the player automatically proceeds to the next... |
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To quickly hire highly skilled specialists one of the new IT City companies made an unprecedented move. Every employee was granted a car, and an employee can choose one of four different car makes.
The parking lot before the office consists of one line... |
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In this problem you will have to help Berland army with organizing their command delivery system.
There are $n$ officers in Berland army. The first officer is the commander of the army, and he does not have any superiors. Every other officer has exactl... |
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Write a program which reads an integer n and prints the number of prime numbers which are less than or equal to n. A prime number is a natural number which has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself. For example, the first four prime... |
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Given is an integer r.
How many times is the area of a circle of radius r larger than the area of a circle of radius 1?
It can be proved that the answer is always an integer under the constraints given.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq r \leq 100
- All... |
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Takahashi, Aoki and Snuke love cookies. They have A, B and C cookies, respectively. Now, they will exchange those cookies by repeating the action below:
* Each person simultaneously divides his cookies in half and gives one half to each of the other tw... |
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D: Shiritori Compression
problem
Ebi-chan and Kana-chan did a shiritori. Ebi-chan is looking at the memo of the word that came out in Shiritori.
Ebi-chan wants to remove redundant continuous subsequences from this word sequence w_1, w_2, ..., w_N unt... |
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Eric is the teacher of graph theory class. Today, Eric teaches independent set and edge-induced subgraph.
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, an independent set is a subset of vertices $V' \subset V$ such that for every pair $u,v \in V'$, $(u,v) \not \in E$ (i.e.... |
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Similar to the [previous kata](https://www.codewars.com/kata/string-subpattern-recognition-ii/), but this time you need to operate with shuffled strings to identify if they are composed repeating a subpattern
Since there is no deterministic way to tell... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese here
------ Problem Statement ------
Lira is a little girl form Bytenicut, a small and cozy village located in the country of Byteland.
Β As the village is located on a somewhat hidden and isolated area, l... |
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Let f(A, B) be the exclusive OR of A, A+1, ..., B. Find f(A, B).
What is exclusive OR?
The bitwise exclusive OR of integers c_1, c_2, ..., c_n (let us call it y) is defined as follows:
- When y is written in base two, the digit in the 2^k's place (k \g... |
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You have $n$ coins, each of the same value of $1$.
Distribute them into packets such that any amount $x$ ($1 \leq x \leq n$) can be formed using some (possibly one or all) number of these packets.
Each packet may only be used entirely or not used at a... |
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The smallest unit of data handled by a computer is called a bit, and the amount of information that represents multiple bits together is called a word. Currently, many computers process one word as 32 bits.
For a computer that represents one word in 32... |
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The Chef commutes to work every day using the city's underground metro. The schedule for the trains has recently been changed and he wants to know how long it will take to travel from the station nearest to his house and the station nearest to his resta... |
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A tree is a connected undirected graph consisting of n vertices and n - 1 edges. Vertices are numbered 1 through n.
Limak is a little polar bear and Radewoosh is his evil enemy. Limak once had a tree but Radewoosh stolen it. Bear is very sad now becaus... |
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# Task
Two arrays are called similar if one can be obtained from another by swapping at most one pair of elements.
Given two arrays, check whether they are similar.
# Example
For `A = [1, 2, 3]` and `B = [1, 2, 3]`, the output should be `true;`
For ... |
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Set
Given the sequence a_1, a_2, .., a_N.
How many values ββare there in this sequence?
input
N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N
output
Output the number of types of values ββin the sequence.
Constraint
* 1 \ leq N \ leq 10 ^ 5
* 1 \ leq a_i \ leq 10 ^ 9
In... |
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You are given an integer sequence $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$.
Find the number of pairs of indices $(l, r)$ ($1 \le l \le r \le n$) such that the value of median of $a_l, a_{l+1}, \dots, a_r$ is exactly the given number $m$.
The median of a sequence is the... |
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Marcin is a coach in his university. There are n students who want to attend a training camp. Marcin is a smart coach, so he wants to send only the students that can work calmly with each other.
Let's focus on the students. They are indexed with intege... |
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Sunuke-kun's dictionary contains the words s1, ..., sn, which consist of n lowercase letters. This satisfies s1 <... <sn when compared in lexicographical order. Unfortunately, some characters are faint and unreadable. Unreadable characters are represent... |
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Find the sum of weights of edges of the Minimum Spanning Tree for a given weighted undirected graph G = (V, E).
Constraints
* 1 β€ |V| β€ 10,000
* 0 β€ |E| β€ 100,000
* 0 β€ wi β€ 10,000
* The graph is connected
* There are no parallel edges
* There are no ... |
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Andryusha is an orderly boy and likes to keep things in their place.
Today he faced a problem to put his socks in the wardrobe. He has n distinct pairs of socks which are initially in a bag. The pairs are numbered from 1 to n. Andryusha wants to put pa... |
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Sasha lives in a big happy family. At the Man's Day all the men of the family gather to celebrate it following their own traditions. There are n men in Sasha's family, so let's number them with integers from 1 to n.
Each man has at most one father but ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian as well.
There are N+1 lights. Lights are placed at (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0) ... (N, 0). Initially all the lights are on. You want to turn off all of them one after one. You want to follow a spe... |
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Mishka got an integer array $a$ of length $n$ as a birthday present (what a surprise!).
Mishka doesn't like this present and wants to change it somehow. He has invented an algorithm and called it "Mishka's Adjacent Replacements Algorithm". This algorit... |
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Maxim loves to fill in a matrix in a special manner. Here is a pseudocode of filling in a matrix of size (m + 1) Γ (m + 1):
<image>
Maxim asks you to count, how many numbers m (1 β€ m β€ n) are there, such that the sum of values in the cells in the row ... |
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Vasya works as a DJ in the best Berland nightclub, and he often uses dubstep music in his performance. Recently, he has decided to take a couple of old songs and make dubstep remixes from them.
Let's assume that a song consists of some number of words.... |
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You are given a graph consisting of $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. It is not guaranteed that the given graph is connected. Some edges are already directed and you can't change their direction. Other edges are undirected and you have to choose some directio... |
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We get more and more news about DDoS-attacks of popular websites.
Arseny is an admin and he thinks that a website is under a DDoS-attack if the total number of requests for a some period of time exceeds $100 \cdot t$, where $t$ β the number of seconds ... |
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Almost Identical Programs
The programming contest named Concours de Programmation Comtemporaine Interuniversitaire (CPCI) has a judging system similar to that of ICPC; contestants have to submit correct outputs for two different inputs to be accepted a... |
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Peter is a senior manager of Agile Change Management (ACM) Inc., where each employee is a member of one or more task groups. Since ACM is agile, task groups are often reorganized and their members frequently change, so membership management is his const... |
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---
# Hint
This Kata is an extension of the earlier ones in this series. Completing those first will make this task easier.
# Background
My TV remote control has arrow buttons and an `OK` button.
I can use these to move a "cursor" on a logical scr... |
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You are given two strings. In a single move, you can choose any of them, and delete the first (i.e. leftmost) character.
For Example:
* By applying a move to the string `"where"`, the result is the string `"here"`.
* By applying a move to the string `... |
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Tetris is a game in which falling blocks are lined up on the board and erased. Here, let's consider a game that arranges it a little.
The size of the board of this game is 5 frames wide, and it is high enough to accommodate all the blocks that appear. ... |
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Bash has set out on a journey to become the greatest Pokemon master. To get his first Pokemon, he went to Professor Zulu's Lab. Since Bash is Professor Zulu's favourite student, Zulu allows him to take as many Pokemon from his lab as he pleases.
But Zu... |
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One day a well-known sponsor of a well-known contest decided to give every participant of the contest a T-shirt as a present. A natural problem occurred: on the one hand, it is not clear how many T-shirts of what sizes should be ordered, and on the othe... |
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Bizon the Champion isn't just a bison. He also is a favorite of the "Bizons" team.
At a competition the "Bizons" got the following problem: "You are given two distinct words (strings of English letters), s and t. You need to transform word s into word ... |
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A: IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
problem
Since one number string is given, find the number of valid delimiters for IPv4 IP addresses. However, the effective delimiters for IPv4 IP addresses are as follows.
* The sequence of numbers is divide... |
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Kyoya Ootori has a bag with n colored balls that are colored with k different colors. The colors are labeled from 1 to k. Balls of the same color are indistinguishable. He draws balls from the bag one by one until the bag is empty. He noticed that he dr... |
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Taro's Shopping
Mammy decided to give Taro his first shopping experience. Mammy tells him to choose any two items he wants from those listed in the shopping catalogue, but Taro cannot decide which two, as all the items look attractive. Thus he plans to... |
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One day Vasya went out for a walk in the yard but there weren't any of his friends outside and he had no one to play touch and run. But the boy didn't lose the high spirits and decided to play touch and run with himself. You may ask: "How did he do that... |
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Vasya has got an array consisting of $n$ integers, and two integers $k$ and $len$ in addition. All numbers in the array are either between $1$ and $k$ (inclusive), or equal to $-1$. The array is good if there is no segment of $len$ consecutive equal num... |
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# Bubblesort Algorithm
## Overview
The Bubblesort Algorithm is one of many algorithms used to sort a list of similar items (e.g. all numbers or all letters) into either ascending order or descending order. Given a list (e.g.):
```python
[9, 7, 5, 3,... |
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Find the convex hull of a given set of points P. In other words, find the smallest convex polygon containing all the points of P. Here, in a convex polygon, all interior angles are less than or equal to 180 degrees.
Please note that you should find all... |
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The ICPC committee would like to have its meeting as soon as possible to address every little issue of the next contest. However, members of the committee are so busy maniacally developing (possibly useless) programs that it is very difficult to arrange... |
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Divide and rule
Taro, Hanako, and Jiro rule the JAG Kingdom together. There are N cities in the JAG Kingdom, some of which are connected by two-way roads. You can always reach all the other cities from any city via one or more roads.
One day, Taro and... |
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Letβs play a stone removing game.
Initially, n stones are arranged on a circle and numbered 1, ... , n clockwise (Figure 1). You are also given two numbers k and m. From this state, remove stones one by one following the rules explained below, until on... |
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The country of Byalechinsk is running elections involving n candidates. The country consists of m cities. We know how many people in each city voted for each candidate.
The electoral system in the country is pretty unusual. At the first stage of electi... |
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Let's denote d(n) as the number of divisors of a positive integer n. You are given three integers a, b and c. Your task is to calculate the following sum:
$\sum_{i = 1}^{a} \sum_{j = 1}^{b} \sum_{k = 1}^{c} d(i \cdot j \cdot k)$
Find the sum modulo 10... |
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There are $n$ products in the shop. The price of the $i$-th product is $a_i$. The owner of the shop wants to equalize the prices of all products. However, he wants to change prices smoothly.
In fact, the owner of the shop can change the price of some p... |
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Andrew was very excited to participate in Olympiad of Metropolises. Days flew by quickly, and Andrew is already at the airport, ready to go home. He has $n$ rubles left, and would like to exchange them to euro and dollar bills. Andrew can mix dollar bil... |
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DZY loves collecting special strings which only contain lowercase letters. For each lowercase letter c DZY knows its value w_{c}. For each special string s = s_1s_2... s_{|}s| (|s| is the length of the string) he represents its value with a function f(s... |
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Given the sum and gcd of two numbers, return those two numbers in ascending order. If the numbers do not exist, return `-1`, (or `NULL` in C, `tuple (-1,-1)` in C#, `pair (-1,-1)` in C++,`None` in Rust, `array {-1,-1} ` in Java and Golang).
```
For exa... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese, Russian and Vietnamese as well.
Leha is playing a very interesting game. The game will be played on a rectangular grid consisting of N rows and M columns. Initially all the cells of the grid are uncolored.... |
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The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence (Fn):
>0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, ...
such as
>F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) with F(0) = 0 and F(1) = 1.
Given a number, say prod (for product), we search two Fi... |
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You have recently fallen through a hole and, after several hours of unconsciousness, have realized you are in an underground city. On one of your regular, daily walks through the unknown, you have encountered two unusually looking skeletons called Sanz ... |
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Long is a huge fan of CFC (Codeforces Fried Chicken). But the price of CFC is increasing, so he decides to breed the chicken on his own farm.
His farm is presented by a rectangle grid with r rows and c columns. Some of these cells contain rice, others ... |
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# Task
You're standing at the top left corner of an `n Γ m` grid and facing towards the `right`.
Then you start walking one square at a time in the direction you are facing.
If you reach the border of the grid or if the next square you are abou... |
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Your job is to create a calculator which evaluates expressions in [Reverse Polish notation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation).
For example expression `5 1 2 + 4 * + 3 -` (which is equivalent to `5 + ((1 + 2) * 4) - 3` in normal nota... |
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You are given $n$ integer numbers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. Consider graph on $n$ nodes, in which nodes $i$, $j$ ($i\neq j$) are connected if and only if, $a_i$ AND $a_j\neq 0$, where AND denotes the bitwise AND operation.
Find the length of the shortest... |
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### Description
As hex values can include letters `A` through to `F`, certain English words can be spelled out, such as `CAFE`, `BEEF`, or `FACADE`.
This vocabulary can be extended by using numbers to represent other letters, such as `5EAF00D`, or `DEC0... |
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We define a spanning tree of a graph to be a BFS tree rooted at vertex s if and only if for every node t the shortest distance between s and t in the graph is equal to the shortest distance between s and t in the spanning tree.
Given a graph, we defin... |
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A 3Γ3 grid with a integer written in each square, is called a magic square if and only if the integers in each row, the integers in each column, and the integers in each diagonal (from the top left corner to the bottom right corner, and from the top rig... |
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Vasya plays the sleuth with his friends. The rules of the game are as follows: those who play for the first time, that is Vasya is the sleuth, he should investigate a "crime" and find out what is happening. He can ask any questions whatsoever that can b... |
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The educational program (AHK Education) of the Aiz Broadcasting Association broadcasts a handicraft program for children, "Play with Tsukuro". Today is the time to make a rectangle with sticks, but I would like to see if I can make a rectangle using the... |
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You play your favourite game yet another time. You chose the character you didn't play before. It has $str$ points of strength and $int$ points of intelligence. Also, at start, the character has $exp$ free experience points you can invest either in stre... |
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Each evening after the dinner the SIS's students gather together to play the game of Sport Mafia.
For the tournament, Alya puts candies into the box, which will serve as a prize for a winner. To do that, she performs $n$ actions. The first action perf... |
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Can the greatest common divisor and bitwise operations have anything in common? It is time to answer this question.
Suppose you are given a positive integer $a$. You want to choose some integer $b$ from $1$ to $a - 1$ inclusive in such a way that the g... |
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We have N points in a two-dimensional plane.
The coordinates of the i-th point (1 \leq i \leq N) are (x_i,y_i).
Let us consider a rectangle whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes that contains K or more of the N points in its interior.
Here,... |
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Leonid wants to become a glass carver (the person who creates beautiful artworks by cutting the glass). He already has a rectangular w mm Γ h mm sheet of glass, a diamond glass cutter and lots of enthusiasm. What he lacks is understanding of what to c... |
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Asmany strings are strings of '0's and '1's that have as many 00 as 11. A string such as 00110001 consists of 3 "00" and
1 "11". Of course this is not an Asmany string. 0011, 1100, 000111000111 are Asmany strings. An L'th Asmany number is the number of
... |
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[Image]
-----Input-----
The input consists of four lines, each line containing a single digit 0 or 1.
-----Output-----
Output a single digit, 0 or 1.
-----Example-----
Input
0
1
1
0
Output
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and wr... |
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problem
Given a sequence of n integers a1, a2, ..., an and a positive integer k (1 β€ k β€ n), then the sum of k consecutive integers Si = ai + ai + Create a program that outputs the maximum value of 1 + ... + ai + k-1 (1 β€ i β€ n --k + 1).
input
The ... |
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You are given the array of integer numbers a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n} - 1. For each element find the distance to the nearest zero (to the element which equals to zero). There is at least one zero element in the given array.
-----Input-----
The first line c... |
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Everybody knows of spaghetti sort. You decided to implement an analog sorting algorithm yourself, but as you survey your pantry you realize you're out of spaghetti! The only type of pasta you have is ravioli, but you are not going to let this stop you..... |
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Petya loves computer games. Finally a game that he's been waiting for so long came out!
The main character of this game has n different skills, each of which is characterized by an integer a_{i} from 0 to 100. The higher the number a_{i} is, the higher... |
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You are given a grid with $n$ rows and $m$ columns, where each cell has a positive integer written on it. Let's call a grid good, if in each row the sequence of numbers is sorted in a non-decreasing order. It means, that for each $1 \le i \le n$ and $2 ... |
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You are given a string s, consisting of lowercase English letters, and the integer m.
One should choose some symbols from the given string so that any contiguous subsegment of length m has at least one selected symbol. Note that here we choose position... |
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You are given a square board, consisting of $n$ rows and $n$ columns. Each tile in it should be colored either white or black.
Let's call some coloring beautiful if each pair of adjacent rows are either the same or different in every position. The same... |
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Enter a positive integer n of 4,000 or less, with a pair of integers a, b, c, d in the range 0-1000.
a + b + c + d = n
Create a program that outputs the number of combinations that satisfy the conditions.
Input
Given multiple datasets. Each data... |
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Having learned (not without some help from the Codeforces participants) to play the card game from the previous round optimally, Shrek and Donkey (as you may remember, they too live now in the Kingdom of Far Far Away) have decided to quit the boring car... |
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The prime numbers are not regularly spaced. For example from `2` to `3` the step is `1`.
From `3` to `5` the step is `2`. From `7` to `11` it is `4`.
Between 2 and 50 we have the following pairs of 2-steps primes:
`3, 5 - 5, 7, - 11, 13, - 17, 19, - 29... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Let $f_{x} = c^{2x-6} \cdot f_{x-1} \cdot f_{x-2} \cdot f_{x-3}$ for $x \ge 4$.
You have given integers $n$, $f_{1}$, $f_{2}$, $f_{3}$, and $c$. Find $f_{n} \bmod (10^{9}+7)$.
-----Input-----
The only line contains five integers $n$, $f_{1}$, $f_{2}... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Problem I Starting a Scenic Railroad Service
Jim, working for a railroad company, is responsible for planning a new tourist train service. He is sure that the train route along a scenic valley will arise a big boom, but not quite sure how big the boom ... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are N cards. The i-th card has an integer A_i written on it. For any two cards, the integers on those cards are different.
Using these cards, Takahashi and Aoki will play the following game:
* Aoki chooses an integer x.
* Starting from Takahashi... |
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