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25 Substantial declines in labour rights plague all regions, worsening prospects?	25 Substantial declines in labour rights plague all regions, worsening prospects for social justice From 2015 to 2022, the global average level of national compliance with labour rights declined by 7 per cent, with the average score worsening from 4.50 to
times higher than adult rates globally, at 13.0 per cent compared to 3.7 per cen?	times higher than adult rates globally, at 13.0 per cent compared to 3.7 per cent, respectively. While headline unemployment figures improved, persistent challenges such as working poverty and informal employment highlight ongoing struggles in realizing de
respectively. T ourism remains crucial for jobs, local ecosystems, peacebuilding?	respectively. T ourism remains crucial for jobs, local ecosystems, peacebuilding and poverty reduction through income generation and tax revenues. Challenges such as inflation, climate change, geopolitical conflicts and uneven economic recovery threaten th
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 26 Industry, innovation and infras?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 26 Industry, innovation and infrastructure • Since 2022, manufacturing sector growth has plateaued at around 2.7 per cent, a level expected to persist into 2024 due to the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pand
Between 2015 and 2020, the global share of manufacturing employment in total emp?	Between 2015 and 2020, the global share of manufacturing employment in total employment remained relatively stable at 14.3 per cent. It dropped to 14.1 per cent in 2022, impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical crises that profoundly affected man
27 Access to credit is vital for small enterprises, but only a small share can o?	27 Access to credit is vital for small enterprises, but only a small share can obtain it Small enterprises are the backbone of economies worldwide, providing job opportunities and supporting livelihoods across communities. Despite playing a pivotal role in
and was significantly lower than the global GDP growth rate of 3 per cent. This ?	and was significantly lower than the global GDP growth rate of 3 per cent. This deceleration can be attributed to the significant surge in clean energy technologies since 2019. Coal was the primary driver of emissions growth, contributing over 65 per cent
60 70 80 46.2 46.3World 49.8 50.6Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 45.7 48.0Europe ?	60 70 80 46.2 46.3World 49.8 50.6Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 45.7 48.0Europe and Northern America 33.1 35.2Central and Southern Asia 32.7 30.9Northern Africa and Western Asia 32.3 32.5Latin America and the Caribbean 27.9 24.7Australia and New Zealand 18
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 28 Reduced inequalities • Despite ?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 28 Reduced inequalities • Despite the economic disruptions of the pandemic, the global share of people living on less than half the median income has been declining due to social assistance programmes. However,
been internally displaced. Two different guide layers for two- and three-line ti?	been internally displaced. Two different guide layers for two- and three-line titles. Guides for edge of right-aligned text and bars are uniform (and account for space for other languages). Swatches are of full, 75%, 50% and 25% color. All bars should be 0
has not fully translated into higher labour compensation. Earnings from work are?	has not fully translated into higher labour compensation. Earnings from work are particularly important for less well-off and vulnerable people. At the same time, returns to capital have been rising, which can increase inequality as capital income is conce
29 Half of the most vulnerable countries face a widening income gap with the wea?	29 Half of the most vulnerable countries face a widening income gap with the wealthiest economies For the first time this century, half of the 75 most vulnerable countries – those eligible for concessional lending from the World Bank’s International Develo
international financial institutions, such as regional development banks, have n?	international financial institutions, such as regional development banks, have not undertaken any voting rights reforms since 2015 or announced plans to do so. The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in 2025 presents an opportunity
of remittances has fallen significantly. The global average cost of sending $200?	of remittances has fallen significantly. The global average cost of sending $200 decreased from 7.42 per cent in 2016 to 6.18 per cent in 2023. This is still above the 3 per cent SDG target, however. In 2023, the highest costs for sending $200 in remittanc
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 30 Sustainable cities and communit?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 30 Sustainable cities and communities • Over half the world’s population currently resides in cities, yet urban areas confront myriad complex challenges. Globally, approximately one quarter of the urban populat
Africa (265 million). Projections suggest that sub-Saharan Africa will experienc?	Africa (265 million). Projections suggest that sub-Saharan Africa will experience the most substantial proportional increase, with an estimated extra 360 million slum dwellers by 2030 if current trends persist. This emphasizes the urgent need for a compreh
country categories. If World, LDC, LDS or SIDS categories are spaced apart, 0p6 ?	country categories. If World, LDC, LDS or SIDS categories are spaced apart, 0p6 spacing from main regions. Number labels should be inside color bars (ideally) and 0p3 from edge. If outside, left-aligned and 0p3 away. Number line 0p2 below bottom bar. Strok
31 Air quality has improved but still falls short in terms of fully protecting p?	31 Air quality has improved but still falls short in terms of fully protecting public health Each year, an estimated 4.2 million people die due to ambient air pollution. Globally, the population-weighted exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) dropped
Australia and New Zealand. Share of population with convenient access to public ?	Australia and New Zealand. Share of population with convenient access to public transportation in urban areas, 2023 (percentage) 60.6 37.3 83.7 81.3 62.5 56.6 52.8 49.4 33.8 16.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 World Least developed countries Europe and Northern America
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 32 Responsible consumption and pro?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 32 Responsible consumption and production • Countries have made strides in meeting obligations under international environmental agreements on hazardous waste and other chemicals and implementing comprehensive
per capita each year across high-income, upper-middle-income and lower- middle-i?	per capita each year across high-income, upper-middle-income and lower- middle-income countries. Hotter countries tend to have higher waste per capita, possibly due to increased consumption of fresh food with substantial inedible parts and inadequate refri
edge of right-aligned text and bars are uniform (and account for space for other?	edge of right-aligned text and bars are uniform (and account for space for other languages). Swatches are of full, 75%, 50% and 25% color. All bars should be 0p6 wide with 0 spacing within country categories and 0p2 spacing between country categories. If W
33 Goal 12 \| Responsible consumption and production More countries and companies?	33 Goal 12 \| Responsible consumption and production More countries and companies are stepping up to report on sustainability measures From 2019 to 2023, 62 Member States and the European Union reported 516 policy instruments to accelerate the transition to
metric tons to 96.0 billion metric tons. The compound annual growth rate slowed,?	metric tons to 96.0 billion metric tons. The compound annual growth rate slowed, however, from 3.9 per cent in 2003–2012 to 0.8 per cent in 2013–2022. The global material footprint, representing raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands, in
most, less than 50 per cent of countries can report data. Compound annual growth?	most, less than 50 per cent of countries can report data. Compound annual growth rate of material footprint and domestic material consumption, 2003–2012 and 2013–2022 (percentage) 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.5 4.5 3.8 3.7 3.9 0 1 2 3 4 5 MF DMC Regions with material foo
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 34 Reaching the $100 billion clima?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 34 Reaching the $100 billion climate finance goal is a milestone yet trillions are needed for national action plans Climate finance is crucial in backing global mitigation and adaptation efforts. Developed coun
of limiting global temperature rise to no more than 1.5°C. • The road map to hal?	of limiting global temperature rise to no more than 1.5°C. • The road map to halting warming at 1.5°C and avoiding the worst of climate chaos is clear but cannot afford any delays or half measures. Drastic reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions must
and removals from land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF CO2), methane ?	and removals from land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF CO2), methane (CH4) emissions, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and fluorinated gas (F-gas) emissions reported under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Source:
35 Another broken record – 2023 was the warmest year yet The world continues to ?	35 Another broken record – 2023 was the warmest year yet The world continues to shatter temperature records. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) confirmed that 2023 was the hottest year on record, with global average temperatures soaring to approxi
production and consumption of oil, coal and gas more than doubled between 2021 a?	production and consumption of oil, coal and gas more than doubled between 2021 and 2022, and more than tripled from their 2015 levels, reversing progress made between 2012 and 2020 and hindering the net-zero transition. All regions saw higher subsidies bet
annual mortality of 42,553 people between 2013 and 2022, a one-third decrease fr?	annual mortality of 42,553 people between 2013 and 2022, a one-third decrease from the annual average in 2005–2014. National long-term risk reduction strategies and plans, reported by 129 countries; the establishment of effective multi-hazard early warning
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 36 Life below water • Oceans face ?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 36 Life below water • Oceans face significant challenges from eutrophication, worsening acidification, declining fish stocks, rising temperatures and widespread pollution. All these factors destroy habitats, di
Central Atlantic at 51.3 per cent. In contrast, the Eastern Central Pacific, Nor?	Central Atlantic at 51.3 per cent. In contrast, the Eastern Central Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Northeast Pacific and Southwest Pacific had the lowest proportions of overfished stocks, ranging from 16 to 24 per cent. Overfishing can harm biodiversity, eco
37 Sustainable fisheries’ contribution to GDP dropped worldwide yet several regi?	37 Sustainable fisheries’ contribution to GDP dropped worldwide yet several regions saw positive trends The value added of fisheries and aquaculture rose by 10 per cent from 2019 to 2021. The contribution of sustainable fisheries to GDP declined 5.4 per ce
increase in marine protected area coverage since 2000, largely due to the establ?	increase in marine protected area coverage since 2000, largely due to the establishment of very large areas exceeding 100,000 square kilometres. Progress has stalled since 2020, however. Reaching the 10 per cent SDG target by 2030 calls for effectively man
Asia 23.8 26.7 2000 Note: The figure for Central and Southern Asia in 2015 was 2?	Asia 23.8 26.7 2000 Note: The figure for Central and Southern Asia in 2015 was 26.5 per cent. Record-high ocean temperatures have triggered a fourth global coral bleaching event Rising ocean temperatures are raising new concerns for coral reefs, which supp
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 38 • Global trends underscore pers?	The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024 38 • Global trends underscore persistent challenges to biodiversity and forests, despite their critical roles as planetary life-support systems. Global forest area continues to decline, primarily due to agricul
also demands a comprehensive approach blending regulatory measures, market incen?	also demands a comprehensive approach blending regulatory measures, market incentives and stakeholder collaboration to promote sustainable land management and preserve forest ecosystems. A national park manager surveys tree nursery saplings in a desert are
39 Risks to species continue to escalate globally Global biodiversity faces ongo?	39 Risks to species continue to escalate globally Global biodiversity faces ongoing threats, evidenced by a 12 per cent deterioration in the Red List Index between 1993 and 2024. Over 44,000 species, or 28 per cent of almost 160,000 assessed species, are c
species in 162 countries and territories from 2015 to 2021. This exploitation je?	species in 162 countries and territories from 2015 to 2021. This exploitation jeopardizes the survival of species and undermines ecosystem functions, especially when compounded by other pressures, such as habitat loss and climate change. Recent estimates i