id stringlengths 12 36 | question stringlengths 32 1.23k | images listlengths 1 3 | rubrics listlengths 9 34 | modality stringclasses 11
values | anatomy stringclasses 10
values | caption stringlengths 18 4.2k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47629_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac imaging frame show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/000_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a left ventriculogram or contrast ventriculography of the left ventricle.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "If describing the cardiac phase, treats end-systole as caption-provided context rather than inde... | specialized_radiology | chest | Endsystolic frame of left ventriculogram. |
rep20261109_001_14368 | Compare the two 12-lead ECGs, a and b, with the rhythm strips beneath each. Describe the main ST-T abnormalities and their change, and distinguish the intermittent wide complexes from the predominant conducted rhythm. What electrocardiographic process is most strongly suggested by the regional ST changes? Do not calcul... | [
"images/001_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies ST elevation in the inferior leads II, III and aVF on a.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies reciprocal ST depression in high lateral leads I and/or aVL on a.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"crite... | other | chest | Electrocardiograms in case 3. (a) Initial electrocardiogram shows inferior lead ST elevations and premature ventricular complexes. (b) Repeat electrocardiogram demonstrates resolution of inferior lead ST elevations. Premature ventricular complexes and widespread T wave inversions are additional notable findings. |
16038_qa_rubric | What does this pathology image show, and what are the most important visible microscopic features? | [
"images/002_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a histopathology / microscopic tissue image rather than radiology or gross specimen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes H&E-type appearance with pink eosinophilic background and purple-blue nuclei.",
"point... | microscopy_pathology | brain | Atypical ganglioglioma featuring a hypercellularity of the glial component, which has features of a pilocytic astrocytoma (HE staining, ×200) |
bal20261109_003_4099_cmp_10530 | For the first attached figure (Figure1), The foot MRI figure includes fluid-sensitive images (a), precontrast T1-weighted images (b), and postcontrast images (c). Describe the osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities, identify the most discriminating internal lesion pattern, and give the leading imaging diagnosis with an ... | [
"images/003_figure1.jpg",
"images/003_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, localizes the main disease to the hindfoot and tarsal region.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, recognizes involvement of multiple bones rather than a solitary focal bone lesion.",
"points": 4
},
{
"ru... | MRI | extremities | Figure1: a) Sagittal and axial PDFS MRI images showing multiple rounded abnormal T2 and STIR bright signal bone lesions showing “dot in a circle sign” (yellow arrow) with central hypointense dot representing the fungal granule and surrounding high T2 signal rim representing granulation tissue. b) T1 pre contrast MRI sh... |
bal20261109_004_3347 | These axial muscle MR images show a control (C) and four patients (P1, P3, P4, P6), with pelvic levels on the left and thigh levels on the right. Compare the distribution and severity of muscle changes and describe the most supported general disease pattern. Do not infer a genetic subtype. | [
"images/004_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies abnormal intramuscular fat-like high signal in patient images compared with C.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes reduced normal muscle substance/atrophy in affected gluteal muscles.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rub... | MRI | extremities | Muscle MRI of RSMD1 patients. Arrows showed the gluteus maximus and thigh. C: control. |
48281_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main visible findings? | [
"images/005_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as a cytogenetic/karyotypic image showing a metaphase chromosome spread.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that multiple condensed chromosomes are visible rather than intact cells or tissue architecture.",
... | microscopy_pathology | cells | Metaphase spread of the subject |
rep20261109_006_5624 | A is coronal T1-weighted MRI, B is sagittal T2-weighted MRI and C is axial T2-weighted MRI of the distal thigh. Characterize the arrowed lesion and the surrounding abnormal signal. Explain its relationship to muscle, bone and the vascular bundle, and state the most defensible broad interpretation without assigning a sp... | [
"images/006_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Localizes the lesion to distal thigh soft tissue proximal to the knee.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies a discrete rounded/ovoid nodular component.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes ... | MRI | extremities | A) T1-weighted frontal MRI image showing a hyperintense tumoral process occupying the distal third of the left thigh. B) T2-weighted sagital MRI image showing tumoral process with a hyperintense signal on the periphery and hypointense signal on the center (crown aspect). C) T2-weighted axial MRI image showing tumoral p... |
bal20261109_007_30380 | The knee MRI includes intermediate-weighted images (a-c) and fat-suppressed T2 images (d-f). Describe both the articular and medullary abnormalities, assess the stability of the osteochondral component, and explain the unifying process. | [
"images/007_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Localizes the principal articular lesion to the medial femoral condyle.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes extension to the subchondral weight-bearing surface.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "D... | MRI | extremities | A 16-year-old female teenager with a history of leukemia and long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Isotropic sagittal intermediate-weighted (a) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted (d) CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) SPACE TSE MR images with coronal and axial intermediate-wei... |
46197_qa_rubric | What does this renal nuclear medicine image show, and what are the important findings about the kidneys? | [
"images/008_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a renal nuclear medicine scan/renogram (e.g., MAG3 renal scan).",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the image demonstrates asymmetric renal function.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"crite... | nuclear_medicine | abdomen_pelvis | MAG 3 of a 64-year-old lady with XGP in the upper pole of a duplex right kidney, showing loss of function in the affected pole, but with preserved function in the lower pole moiety, the latter accounting for 38% of total renal function. Subsequent management was directed at preserving the lower pole and managing the co... |
30564_qa_rubric | What are the main findings on this monitor tracing, including the key rhythm abnormality and any important change seen in the hemodynamic waveform? | [
"images/009_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes a premature ventricular complex (PVC) or ventricular ectopic beat preceding the main event.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": "Specifically notes that the PVC is early and falls on the preceding T wave or represents an R-on-T phen... | other | chest | An example of an R-on-T type premature ventricular complex (PVC) triggering ventricular tachycardia (VT) that deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation (VF). This ECG was from a 63 year-old male admitted to the ICU status post aspiration and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. The patient had history of heart ... |
bal20261109_010_13019 | The thigh MRI includes coronal T1 images (a, b), axial T1 (c), and axial fat-suppressed T1 (d). Describe the marrow and soft-tissue abnormalities, characterize the arrowed foci by comparing sequences, and explain their significance for the leading diagnostic category. | [
"images/010_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Recognizes the dominant abnormality as right-sided.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies extensive abnormal low T1 signal in the right femoral marrow.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes t... | MRI | extremities | An 80-year-old man presented with fever and severe pain in the right thigh for one week. Complete blood counts disclosed leukocytosis and neutrophilia. MRI of the hips and thighs disclosed extensive bone marrow edema in the right femur, extensive periarticular and muscle edema, associated with small foci of focal fat g... |
15099_qa_rubric | What do these lateral cervical spine X-rays show, and what are the most important visible findings across the different neck positions? | [
"images/011_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as lateral plain radiographs/X-rays of the cervical spine.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that there are three images obtained in different positions or dynamic views.",
"points": 2
},
{... | X-ray | spine_bone | Cervical kyphotic deformity was observed on plain X-ray (lateral view), and C2–7 kyphotic angles in extension (a), neutral (b), and flexion (c) positions were 50°, 61°, and 71°, respectively |
30214_qa_rubric | These shoulder MRI images include coronal STIR (A), diffusion-weighted imaging (B), an ADC map (C), and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 imaging (D). Describe the main marrow and adjacent soft-tissue abnormalities, compare the signal appearances across sequences, and give an appropriately limited differential diag... | [
"images/012_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as MRI of the shoulder/right shoulder region.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the main abnormality is centered in the proximal humerus/humeral head-neck region.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,... | MRI | extremities | MRI of the right shoulder joint. T2-weighted image (STIR) (A) shows a high signal area in the bone marrow extending from the metaphysis to the epiphysis of the humerus (arrow). High signal intensity is also seen in the soft tissues beyond the cortical bone, suggesting the spread of inflammation (arrowhead). Diffusion-w... |
48130_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main structures or cell types illustrated around the vessel? | [
"images/013_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the image as a schematic/diagram of the neurovascular unit rather than a radiologic scan or histology specimen.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the central structure is a blood vessel/microvessel/capillary shown i... | other | brain | Neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU is formed by the interaction of microvascular endothelial cells, a basal lamina, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and an extracellular matrix. |
33915_qa_rubric | What does this angiographic image show, including the key vascular device finding and any important complication visible? | [
"images/014_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an angiographic / fluoroscopic vascular image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes an endovascular stent graft or covered stent is present.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Des... | specialized_radiology | chest | Initial deployment of the stent with incomplete coverage and a type 1 endoleak. |
26964_qa_rubric | What do these eye photographs show, and what are the most important visible changes across the three panels? | [
"images/015_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies that these are anterior segment clinical photographs of the eye/cornea.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the figure shows a postoperative or surgically altered cornea rather than a normal eye.",
"points": 2
... | digital_photography | head_neck_oral | A: The patient underwent LK for uncontrolled Acanthamoeba keratitis; B: After intrastromal bevacizumab injection, the hemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment was not resolved; C: After eight days, the blood was drained, and the donor was exchanged with a new one because of staining. |
22641_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/016_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a tachyarrhythmia or rapid regular rhythm is present.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that the rhythm is a regular narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
... | other | chest | A 12-lead electrocardiogram of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The presence of the pseudo S wave in lead II (A) is highly suggestive of AVNRT as the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia, particularly if the rhythm terminates with adenosine. |
49652_qa_rubric | What does this image show about how a circulating cell interacts with the endothelium and moves across the vessel wall? | [
"images/017_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "States that the figure is a schematic/diagram of a circulating cell interacting with vascular endothelium rather than a radiologic scan or histology image.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes the pink horizontal structure as the e... | other | cells | A cell floating with the blood flow need to reach an endothelial wall via margination process; once near the endothelial wall, it needs to adhere to the endothelium, undergo the transitions from rolling to crawling migration before anchoring to the endothelium and transmigrate the endothelial wall using one of the foll... |
37517_qa_rubric | What does this neck image show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/018_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT scan of the neck.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes the coronal plane/view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes a focal soft-tissue lesion/abn... | CT | head_neck_oral | Spiral neck CT scan, coronal view. The sinus tract has been shown with an arrow as a low-density area just beneath the lesion |
44315_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac CT image show, and what are the most important visible findings around the aortic valve and nearby coronary artery? | [
"images/019_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as a cardiac CT / CT angiographic image used to evaluate the aortic root, prosthetic valve, and coronary relationship.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the presence of a prosthetic aortic valve or prior aor... | CT | chest | Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Planning CT Scan Demonstrating Perimount Implant With Severe Calcification Abutting Left Main Stem |
29350_qa_rubric | What does this histology image show, and what are the main visible abnormalities or tissue features? | [
"images/020_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a histology / microscopic pathology image rather than a radiology study or gross specimen",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Notes abundant adipose tissue / fat cells with large clear vacuolated spaces consistent with adi... | microscopy_pathology | other | Hypocellular thick fibrotic septa (HE staining, ×100) |
34878_qa_rubric | What does this chest image show, and what are the main visible skin findings? | [
"images/021_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies a cutaneous eruption/rash on the chest.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes the lesions as erythematous or pink-red.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes multiple discrete papule... | digital_photography | skin | The patient's chest shows erythematous papules coalescing into plaques |
15888_qa_rubric | The upper row is the earlier PET/CT study and the lower row is the later study. What are the main findings and interval changes shown on this PET/CT image set? | [
"images/022_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as FDG PET/CT or fused PET/CT images with whole-body MIP views and axial fused slices.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes that the figure compares two time points or prior versus later PET/CT examinations.",
"... | nuclear_medicine | other | 62-year-old man with a history of squamous cell cancer. The upper row is the PET/CT from 2019, which was obtained for cancer staging. The fused PET/CT axial image at the axilla level is unremarkable. MIP image on the right shows hypermetabolic tongue cancer and metastatic left cervical lymphadenopathy (pink circle). Th... |
42730_qa_rubric | What does this EEG tracing show, and are there any important abnormal patterns visible? | [
"images/023_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes a focal rhythmic abnormality rather than a completely normal background-only tracing.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the most prominent abnormal activity to the right centrotemporal/temporal region.",
... | other | brain | EEG: electroencephalogram |
33128_qa_rubric | What does this breast MRI show, and what are the key visible findings in the chest wall or retropectoral region? | [
"images/024_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the modality as MRI of the breast.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the image as an axial/cross-sectional view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that the breast and adjacent ... | MRI | chest | Magnetic resonance image in the axial plane of the breast, taken preoperatively. The initial total absence of adipose tissue in the retropectoral space is easily appreciated. |
4950_qa_rubric | This whole-body PET image uses blue, green, and red markers for liver, spleen, and vertebral bone marrow volumes of interest, respectively. Describe the sampling regions and the main visible tracer distribution, distinguishing the markers from lesions. | [
"images/025_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the modality as an FDG PET or whole-body PET nuclear medicine image.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this as a coronal whole-body projection/image of the body from head to pelvis.",
"points": 3
},
... | nuclear_medicine | other | Representative 18F-FDG PET image showing volume-of-interest placement in 3-tissue model: liver (blue), spleen (green), and bone marrow (red). |
43131_qa_rubric | What are the main findings shown in this multi-panel medical figure? | [
"images/026_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a multi-panel figure combining operative/intraoperative views, spine MRI, CT, and histopathology.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a spinal canal mass/tumor as the central abnormality.",
"points": 4
},
... | other | spine_bone | The patient was placed prone (A) with the skin incision marked on the right side. Intraoperative photograph (B) of an ossified ventral meningioma located eccentrically to the right, displacing the spinal cord toward the left side of the spinal canal. Axial (C) and sagittal (D) postcontrast T1-weighted MRI demonstrating... |
50207_qa_rubric | What does this shoulder CT image show, and what are the main visible anatomic relationships or abnormalities? | [
"images/027_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT image of the shoulder region.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that this is an axial or axial-oblique reformatted view rather than a plain radiograph.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubri... | CT | extremities | Two-diemnsional axial CT converted into MPR 3D format aligned in reference to the scapular plane. 3D, 3-dimensional; CT, computed tomography. |
36240_qa_rubric | What does this postoperative lower leg image show? | [
"images/028_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a postoperative photograph of the lower leg/ankle rather than an X-ray, CT, MRI, or ultrasound.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a large open surgical wound/incision in the lower leg.",
"points": 5
},
... | digital_photography | extremities | Day 1 after compartment release. |
bal20261109_029_16610 | These are corresponding MRI views of a symptomatic foot: a is T1-weighted, b is fat-suppressed T2-weighted, and c is STIR. Describe the heel abnormality and associated bone and muscle findings. Compare the arrowed forefoot marrow appearances across b and c, and explain which abnormalities represent convincing disease a... | [
"images/029_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies a focal lateral heel skin/soft-tissue defect.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes inflammatory change in the adjacent subcutaneous tissues.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Localizes th... | MRI | extremities | A 60-year-old man presented with a chronic ulcer on the lateral aspect of the right heel, with symptoms of infection. Axial (a) T1-W, (b) T2-W FS and (c) STIR MR images of the right foot show an ulcer (white arrows) along the lateral aspect of the heel with surrounding cellulitis (arrowheads). Low T1-W and high T2-W ma... |
29992_qa_rubric | What does this dental schematic show about the localized ridge or socket defect between the remaining teeth? | [
"images/030_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a schematic dental/periodontal illustration rather than a radiograph or clinical photograph.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes two remaining teeth flanking a localized edentulous ridge/socket defect.",
"po... | other | head_neck_oral | Type 1 defect: incipient defect environment has adequate regenerative and esthetic potential. |
11923_qa_rubric | What does this dental CBCT cross-sectional image show, and what are the main important findings in this region? | [
"images/031_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the modality as a dental CBCT or cone-beam CT cross-sectional image.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image depicts the posterior mandible / mandibular molar region.",
"points": 3
},
{
... | specialized_radiology | head_neck_oral | Cross sections from the CBCT of region 36 for case vignette 1. The alveolar ridge is atrophied in the crestal region |
rep20261109_032_5921 | These orbital MR images show three different patients. Panels a-b are axial and coronal contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 images in patient 1. Panels c-d are axial pre- and postcontrast T1 images in patient 2. Panel e is an axial T2 image in patient 3. Describe the abnormal orbital and adjacent sinonasal findings in ... | [
"images/032_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies opacified/inflamed left ethmoid air cells adjacent to the orbital process in a-b.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies left maxillary sinus inflammatory opacification in b.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": ... | MRI | head_neck_oral | Extensive orbital involvement in three patients with CAM. In a patient with CAM, post debridement, axial (a) and coronal (b) T1FS MR images depict left ethmoid and maxillary sinusitis (*) with a peripherally enhancing abscess in medial extraconal space of left orbit (arrow) and inflammatory changes in the medial rectus... |
18601_qa_rubric | What does this laparoscopic intra-abdominal image show, and what are the main structures or abnormal relationships you can identify? | [
"images/033_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as a laparoscopic/intraoperative view of the abdomen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Mentions the gallbladder as one of the visible structures.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion":... | endoscopy | digestive_tract | Laparoscopic view depicting: (a) gallbladder, (b) Foramen of Winslow, (c) Cecum going into hernia and (d) stomach. |
10038_qa_rubric | What does this head image show, and are there any important acute intracranial abnormalities visible? | [
"images/034_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT scan of the head/brain.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes the image is an axial cross-sectional view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that th... | CT | brain | Axial section CT of the head from 2013 showing no evidence of acute infarct or haemorrhage. |
15125_qa_rubric | What are the main findings on this brain image, and what pattern of abnormality does it suggest? | [
"images/035_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies cerebral atrophy as a key finding.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the abnormality to the temporal lobes.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes temporal-predominant a... | CT | brain | Frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (a, b) Axial T1-weighted MR images at the convexities (a) and temporal lobes (b) show moderate frontotemporal atrophy. Note the atrophy at the right frontal lobe (arrows in a). (c) Follow-up axial CT image at the lateral ventricles obtained 5 years later shows asymmetric worsening atr... |
6105_qa_rubric | Operative context: this is an opened resected Meckel diverticulum. Describe the visible specimen and its contents, and distinguish directly visible findings from the supplied organ-of-origin information. | [
"images/036_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a resected opened hollow-organ/sac-like tissue specimen. Bowel origin may be stated when supplied context establishes it.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes an opened sac-like cavity with soft-tissue walls. A blind-endin... | digital_photography | digestive_tract | Resected Meckel’s diverticulum with cyst containing multiple enteroliths. |
6032_qa_rubric | What does this shoulder MRI show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/037_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an MRI of the shoulder.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Uses right shoulder only when supplied context establishes laterality. A side is not required from an unmarked crop.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_i... | MRI | extremities | MRI of a right shoulder demonstrating that the supraspinatus tendon projects above the circle (double arrow), which is tangent to the greater tuberosity, and that the strong coracoacromial ligament (arrow) is inside the circle, which touches the undersurface of the acromion. This explains why a subacromial impingement ... |
24502_qa_rubric | What does this pelvic ultrasound show, and what are the main visible findings? | [
"images/038_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an ultrasound/sonographic image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this as a pelvic/adnexal ultrasound image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the o... | ultrasound | abdomen_pelvis | A normal multifollicular ovary in a 16‐year‐old girl. |
38312_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main visible structural parts you can identify? | [
"images/039_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the image as a schematic/diagram of a poxvirus virion or poxvirus particle.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes the overall brick-like or rectangular-elliptical shape of the virion.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_in... | other | other | Schematic of a poxvirus-like virion showing the outer membrane, inner membrane, viral enzymes, lateral bodies, core wall, central core, and DNA genome. |
rep20261109_040_18936 | Compare the three rectal cases. Within each case, the six panels are T2-weighted MRI, ADC map, APT-T2 fusion map, native T1 map, postcontrast T1 map, and H&E histology, respectively (A-F, G-L and M-R). Which case shows the strongest water/mucin-rich tissue pattern? Support your answer with rectal morphology, relative T... | [
"images/040_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies rectal wall thickening in case 1 on A.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes markedly high and heterogeneous T2 signal within the case 1 wall lesion.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Reco... | MRI | digestive_tract | Case 1: A 76-year-old female with mucinous adenocarcinoma (A–F). Oblique axial T2-weighted image showed the rectal wall thickens with a high-intensity signal (A). The lesion showed a slightly high-intensity signal on the ADC map, the ADC value was 1.15×10-3 mm2/s (B). APT-T2 merged image showed the mass with a mean APT... |
42917_qa_rubric | What does this image show? Please briefly describe the visible anatomy, the view/orientation, and any labeled landmarks you can identify. | [
"images/041_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the image as a lateral/profile view of the head and face.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that this is a schematic line drawing/diagram rather than a radiograph, CT, MRI, or photograph.",
"points": 4
},
... | other | head_neck_oral | Landmarks identified in the lateral view. |
23423_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the main visible abnormalities if any? | [
"images/042_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an electrocardiogram/ECG/EKG.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the rhythm is sinus rhythm or specifically sinus tachycardia.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes... | other | chest | Electrocardiogram demonstrates sinus tachycardia with nonspecific T wave changes. |
50228_qa_rubric | What does this fluoroscopic abdominal image show, especially regarding the tubing/wire and the ductal structures? | [
"images/043_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a fluoroscopic/X-ray image from an endoscopic biliary-pancreatic procedure (e.g., ERCP-style image).",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Mentions the presence of an endoscope/duodenoscope projecting into the upper abdomen/... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | Guidewire penetrating the pancreatic duct (white circle) of Patient 4 |
26490_qa_rubric | What does this breast image show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/044_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the modality as breast ultrasound/sonography.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image is of the breast rather than another organ.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes ... | ultrasound | chest | Tumark Vision® clip within breast cancer. |
28432_qa_rubric | What does this MR image show in the thorax, and are there any notable lymphatic findings or variants visible? | [
"images/045_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an MR lymphangiographic image or MR lymphangiogram of the thorax.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a tubular lymphatic structure consistent with the thoracic duct.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_... | MRI | chest | Example of a typical anatomical variant. Noncontrast MR lymphangiogram demonstrating duplications of the thoracic duct in the upper thorax as an anatomical variant without pathological value. |
8122_qa_rubric | What does this pelvic hip image show, and what important visual measurement or alignment feature is being illustrated? | [
"images/046_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a pelvis/hip radiographic-style image or schematic of the pelvis with both hips visible.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image focuses on a hip arthroplasty acetabular cup/component rather than a na... | other | extremities | Acetabular component abduction angle was measured by determining the angle between the face of the acetabular component and the intra-ischial line. |
41912_qa_rubric | What important abnormalities are visible in this breast photograph? | [
"images/047_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies focal skin necrosis/gangrenous change as the key abnormality.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that there are two discrete abnormal skin lesions/areas.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": ... | digital_photography | skin | Skin necrosis on the sites of MBD injection. Two gangrenous areas developed 11 days postoperative. |
4462_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/048_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the key abnormality is QT prolongation or a markedly prolonged QT/QTc interval.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes the QT prolongation as severe/marked/significant rather than mild.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rub... | other | chest | Twelve‐lead electrocardiogram of a 55 years‐old female patient presenting a significantly prolonged QTc interval (590 ms), under current psychotropics medication. |
41251_qa_rubric | What does this fluoroscopic image show, and what are the key visible findings? | [
"images/049_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a fluoroscopic or radiographic image of the urinary tract/abdomen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a ureteral stent is present.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly s... | specialized_radiology | abdomen_pelvis | Antegrade stent insertion into the right ureter. |
bal20261109_050_25369 | These are T2-weighted MRI examples from three different patients with soft-tissue masses: a near the shoulder, b in the calf on an axial view, and c in the calf on a longitudinal view. Compare their margins, relation to fascia and muscle, and morphology. Explain how those features complicate a single-diameter assessmen... | [
"images/050_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Describes a as a heterogeneous T2-bright soft-tissue mass.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies low-signal internal bands in a.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes irregular/infiltrative s... | MRI | extremities | Morphologic features of DTs that can be challenging to accurately measure on T2-weighted MR, including (a) infiltrative margins in a DT above the shoulder joint (arrows), (b) “fascial tail” extension along the popliteus muscle in this patient with DT of the left calf musculature (arrows), and (c) elongated, plaque-like... |
18983_qa_rubric | What does this intraoperative hip image show? | [
"images/051_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an intraoperative fluoroscopic/X-ray image rather than a standard photograph, CT, or MRI.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the anatomy as the hip/proximal femur.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubr... | specialized_radiology | extremities | Intraoperative anteroposterior view showing placement of the spiral blade over the guidewire into the femoral head. |
rep20261109_052_8973 | These images examine the same right ear: A is otoscopy. B is an en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) view with blue and red section lines corresponding to C and D. E is another marked OCT section. F and G are axial and coronal CT. T labels the tissue deep to the thin curved tympanic membrane. Describe the abnorma... | [
"images/052_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Recognizes red-purple retrotympanic discoloration on otoscopy A.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a localized outward fullness/bulge of the tympanic membrane on A.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion... | other | head_neck_oral | Glomus tumor. Endoscopic view of the right tympanic membrane (A) of a patient with a glomus jugulare with a large component of the tumor in the hypotympanum and mesotympanum. OCT enface XY view (B) of the tympanic membrane, with the blue line representing the plane leading to the middle ear for the cross-sectional XZ (... |
23566_qa_rubric | This is a color Doppler view of the right popliteal vein near the proximal calf. Describe the visible blood flow and explain what this single image can and cannot establish about venous patency. | [
"images/053_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an ultrasound with color Doppler evaluation.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that this is a vascular image focused on a blood vessel rather than soft-tissue mass or musculoskeletal structure.",
"poi... | ultrasound | extremities | Color Doppler image at the level of proximal calf on right side showed normal color flow in popliteal vein. |
8264_qa_rubric | What does this knee MRI show, and what are the main important findings visible in these images? | [
"images/054_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as MRI of the knee.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly recognizes that the images depict a cystic lesion or fluid-containing mass.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes ... | MRI | extremities | Knee MRI in three planes shows a bright multiloculated cystic lesion centered in the anterior infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat-pad region with focal superficial extension, compatible with a ganglion cyst. |
50654_qa_rubric | What does this contrast study show in the chest, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/055_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a contrast fluoroscopic study / barium esophagogram (esophagram, swallow study).",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that contrast is present in the airway rather than remaining confined to the esophagus.",
"poi... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | Barium esophagogram illustrating contrast aspiration in bilateral main stem bronchi. |
624_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac MRI image show, and what are the key visible findings? | [
"images/056_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a cardiac MRI study.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly recognizes a sagittal imaging plane/view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Notes that the image demonstrates an intracar... | MRI | chest | The image from a sagittal view of HASTE (Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo) sequence shows a hyperintense well-defined round lesion about 18 mm × 15 mm with an attachment to the right ventricular septum. |
rep20261109_057_16239 | Compare the dental panoramic images and CT examples: a-b form one mandibular pair, c-d a second mandibular pair, e-f show another mandibular site, g shows the maxilla, and h-i form a final mandibular pair. Describe abnormalities of jaw-bone density, cortical contours and adjacent tissues indicated by the arrows, and di... | [
"images/057_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies mixed lucent and sclerotic mandibular bone abnormality in a.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a dense bone fragment separated from surrounding mandibular bone by a lucent gap in b.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rub... | CT | head_neck_oral | Feature images of sequestration, periosteal reaction and pathological fracture (arrow): sequestration is observed on dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) (a) and CT (b) in the bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) case (Grade 1). Sequestration is observed on DPR (c) and CT (d) in the osteoradionecrosis ... |
2758_qa_rubric | What are the key findings on this head CT image, and what important abnormality does it suggest? | [
"images/058_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a CT of the head/brain.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes this is an axial image.",
"points": 1
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes the study as non-contrast CT or describes t... | CT | brain | Axial non-contrast CT showing hyperintensity within superior sagittal sinus. |
bal20261109_059_936_cmp_19411 | For the first attached figure (Figure1), Panels A and B are fluid-sensitive and postcontrast fat-suppressed MR images of a painful swollen toe. Panel C is its radiograph. Describe the osseous and extraosseous abnormalities, integrate their distribution, and give the most supported inflammatory pattern with a relevant a... | [
"images/059_figure1.jpg",
"images/059_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, localizes the principal abnormality to the fourth toe.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, identifies marrow edema involving the proximal phalanx.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "... | MRI | extremities | Figure1: A 29-year-old male with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 2-year history of 4th toe pain and swelling. A) Sagittal short tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance (MR) image shows high signal intensity bone marrow oedema (BMO) and periosteal oedema involving the 4th toe proximal phalanx with adjacent high s... |
363_qa_rubric | What does this surgical specimen show, and what are the main visible abnormalities? | [
"images/060_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a resected bowel/small bowel surgical specimen.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a small-bowel-like resection specimen. Jejunal origin is acceptable when supplied context establishes it, but is not required fr... | digital_photography | digestive_tract | Shows a resected specimen of jejunum with multiple diverticulae containing enteroliths, stricture adjacent to the diverticulae with dilated bowel loops. |
5995_qa_rubric | This axial susceptibility-sensitive T2*-weighted GRE brain MR image is displayed in conventional radiological orientation. Describe the focal abnormality, its location and signal characteristics, and give the leading imaging interpretation with appropriate uncertainty. | [
"images/061_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the modality as MRI of the brain/head.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the sequence/sensitivity as T2*-weighted GRE or susceptibility-sensitive MRI.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index":... | MRI | brain | Images in 36-year-old woman with CCM1-CHM genotype who presented with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. (a) Axial T2-weighted GRE MR image shows left frontal cavernous malformation. Patient had 10 additional brain lesions (not pictured). (b) Coronal reconstruction image from unenhanced abdominal CT performed for re... |
13849_qa_rubric | What does this abdominal ultrasound show? Please describe the main visible findings and any brief impression based on the image. | [
"images/062_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an abdominal ultrasound/sonographic image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the liver/hepatic region as the main organ shown.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": ... | ultrasound | digestive_tract | Ultrasound of the abdomen showed hepatomegaly with superficial nodularity and non-homogeneous ecostructure, perihepatic fluid effusion and in the region of the falciform ligament |
bal20261109_063_3109_cmp_404 | The first attached figure (Figure1) shows axial T1 MRI of thighs and calves from four different patients (A-D). Bright signal is fat. Compare severity, symmetry and selective muscle involvement, including the arrowed patterns, and interpret the overall process. The second attached figure (Figure2) shows right-thigh MRI... | [
"images/063_figure1.jpg",
"images/063_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, recognizes intramuscular T1-bright signal as fatty replacement.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, describes row A as predominantly focal rather than diffusely replaced in the thighs.",
"points": 4
},
{
... | MRI | extremities | Figure1: Four T1-weighted examples. T1-weighted MRI images of thighs and calves of four women heterozygote for pathogenic DMD variants. White represents fat tissue. (A–D) shows a range of muscle affection from mild to severe. Cases (C,D) are particularly affected with prominent replacement of muscle by fat. Correspondi... |
35450_qa_rubric | What does this fluoroscopic image show, and what are the main abnormal findings you can identify? | [
"images/064_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as a fluoroscopic contrast study of the upper abdomen/bowel.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes postoperative upper gastrointestinal anatomy rather than normal native anatomy.",
"points": 3
},
{
"... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | Imaging modality: Fluoroscopy. |
42235_qa_rubric | What does this image show in the pelvis and hips, and are there any important visible abnormalities around the hip implants? | [
"images/065_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an imaging study of the pelvis/hips with bilateral hip arthroplasty hardware present.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes prosthetic components on both sides (bilateral total hip replacements/arthroplasties... | CT | extremities | No clear evidence of loosening of the cup or stem was observed. |
49511_qa_rubric | This whole-body CT localizer/projection image shows a red arrow over the cardiac region. Describe the abnormal gas pattern and explain the localization limits of this projection image. | [
"images/066_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies abnormal gas locules projecting over the cardiac silhouette/central thoracic region.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Centers the finding on abnormal gas projected over the cardiac region rather than describing only ordinary p... | CT | chest | The presence of gas in the heart |
1099_qa_rubric | These CT and MRI examples are from patients with known malignancies. Panels (d) and (e) follow a percutaneous liver biopsy. Describe the abdominal-wall masses, their relationship to the underlying tumors, and possible patterns of involvement. | [
"images/067_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies that the figure shows cross-sectional abdominal imaging with both CT and MRI examples.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes abnormal soft-tissue masses/deposits in the abdominal wall.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubr... | other | abdomen_pelvis | CT and MR images of metastatic deposits within the abdominal wall: (a) a
68-year-old female with ovarian cancer—the axial CT image (a) is
demonstrating a large pelvic mass with a smaller, discrete ovoid mass
(arrow) of the same density that is superficial to the rectus sheath.
(b) An 82-year-old male with history of me... |
27565_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/068_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes an anterior ST-elevation myocardial injury pattern concerning for STEMI, with clinical infarction requiring appropriate correlation.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Explicitly mentions ST-segment elevation as the key abnormal... | other | chest | Electrocardiogram reveals a ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a 52-year-old man (case 1). |
rep20261109_069_1285 | This is a chronological neurovascular series. a is presentation CT, b-d are initial DSA, e is later CT, f-h are repeat DSA, i-l are subsequent CT/DSA/procedural views, m-o are later CT angiographic/postoperative views, and p-r are follow-up DWI. For localization, b/f arrows mark the left orbitofrontal ACA branch, b arr... | [
"images/069_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the initial medial/inferior left frontal intraparenchymal hemorrhage on a.",
"points": 7
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies new intraventricular blood on e.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recogni... | specialized_radiology | brain | Depiction of the most relevant imaging findings from the patient’s treatment. (a) Presentation CT head demonstrating left inferior frontal hemorrhage suspicious of vascular origin, (b-d) initial diagnostic DSA, (b) lateral view of the left ICA injection demonstrating ×1 fusiform aneurysm on the orbitofrontal branch of ... |
bal20261109_070_7305_cmp_15549 | The first attached figure (Figure1) shows fat-suppressed T2 ankle MR sections from an adult with recurrent sprains. Describe the focal osteochondral, ligament and tendon abnormalities. The second attached figure (Figure2) shows ankle MRI from an 8-year-old with a swollen ankle: internal panels 6a/6b are fat-suppressed ... | [
"images/070_figure1.jpg",
"images/070_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, localizes the osteochondral abnormality to the medial talar dome.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, identifies a focal osteochondral fragment within the talar dome lesion.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_in... | MRI | extremities | Figure1: A 26-year-old female patient with recurrent left ankle sprains and instability presenting with medial ankle pain and sensation of lateral instability underwent an MRI. a Coronal T2W FS MR image of the hindfoot shows a radiographically occult medial talar dome osteochondral injury with an in situ fragment (arro... |
24681_qa_rubric | This is a lateral left vertebral follow-up angiogram of a previously known proximal PICA aneurysm and treated AVM. Describe the visible vascular findings and any apparent residual abnormality, noting that prior comparison images are not provided. | [
"images/071_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a cerebral catheter angiogram / digital subtraction angiography image.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this as posterior circulation angiography.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index":... | specialized_radiology | brain | Three-year follow-up angiography. This lateral left vertebral artery injection shows a significant reduction of the size of the proximal PICA aneurysm with no residual or recurrent AVM. |
17268_qa_rubric | This schematic illustrates lower-extremity ulcers in a patient with diabetes. Describe the visible lesions and their locations. | [
"images/072_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies an ulcer/open sore as the main abnormality.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Specifies that the abnormality involves the foot.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 5,
"criterion": "Recognizes a second ulcer/skin l... | other | skin | Diabetic ulcer in the foot. |
43150_qa_rubric | What do these wrist CT images show? | [
"images/073_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the figure contains multiplanar reformatted CT images or multiple planes/views.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly notes fracture(s) as the main abnormality.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"c... | CT | extremities | Identification of fractures on two-dimensional computed tomography reformatted images. (
A
) Sagittal image: white arrow showing proximal SCBP fracture, green arrow showing coronal fracture. (
B
) Axial image: green arrow showing volar lunotriquetral attachment fracture, white arrow showing radiolunate ligament attachm... |
66_qa_rubric | What does this radiograph show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/074_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a radiographic image of the styloid process/stylohyoid region, such as a panoramic dental radiograph crop or equivalent projection.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly states that the abnormality involves the sty... | specialized_radiology | head_neck_oral | Left styloid process shows elongated segmented styloid process containing multiple pseudoarticulation (Type III elongation pattern) and partially calcified styloid process with discontinuous radiolucent core (Type B calcification pattern) in cropped panoramic radiograph. |
21502_qa_rubric | What does this contrast radiograph show in the lower abdomen and pelvis, and what are the key visible findings? | [
"images/075_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a contrast fluoroscopic/radiographic study of the distal bowel/colon (e.g., distal cologram or contrast enema type image).",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that contrast outlines the distal colon/rectosigmoid bow... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | Distal cologram showing good appearance of the tapered colon |
bal20261109_076_1011_cmp_26126 | For the first attached figure (Figure1), Using the T2-weighted (A), T1-weighted (B), and FLAIR (C) brain MR images, characterize the right hemispheric abnormality. Explain the key feature that distinguishes the leading diagnosis from a simple destructive cavity. For the second attached figure (Figure2), an axial T2-wei... | [
"images/076_figure1.jpg",
"images/076_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, localizes the cleft to the right frontoparietal hemisphere.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, traces the cleft from the lateral ventricular region toward the cortical surface.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubri... | MRI | brain | Figure1: Non-enhanced MRI of the brain. (A) T2-weighted sequence. (B) T1-weighted sequence. (C) T2 fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. The images depict a CSF-filled cleft (red arrow) extending medially from the body of the right lateral ventricle (yellow arrow) to the right lateral frontoparietal co... |
33912_qa_rubric | What does this MRI of the foot show, and where is the main abnormality located? | [
"images/077_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an MRI of the foot.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly states that there is a mass or soft-tissue lesion present.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the lesio... | MRI | extremities | Contrast-enhanced MRI showing the mass in the right forefoot extending dorsally to the web spaces and metatarsal heads. |
6421_qa_rubric | What does this image show about the different skull suture patterns and head shapes, and what abnormalities can you identify? | [
"images/078_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies the topic as craniosynostosis or premature fusion of cranial sutures.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Notes that one panel shows normal/open calvarial sutures for comparison.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 4,
... | other | head_neck_oral | Craniosynostosis. From left to right: normal calvarial sutures, sagittal suture synostosis leading to a scaphocephalic head shape, metopic suture synostosis leading to trigonocephaly, left coronal suture synostosis leading to left-sided plagiocephaly, bicoronal suture synostosis leading to a brachycephalic head shape, ... |
47664_qa_rubric | This fluoroscopic image is from enteral stenting of a narrowed afferent limb in postoperative biliary-enteric anatomy. Describe the visible device, contrast-filled structures, and any limits in assessing patency from this single frame. | [
"images/079_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes the presence of an enteric luminal stent or metallic mesh stent.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes the stent as spanning a narrowed segment / stricture / stenosis.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"cr... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | An enteral metallic stent was placed through the stenosis of the afferent loop. |
31039_qa_rubric | What do these radiographs show in the femurs, and what are the most important visible abnormalities or postoperative changes? | [
"images/080_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as plain radiographs/X-rays of both femurs.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes four femoral radiographic views. Patient count and pairing require supplied case labels/context rather than inference from the image a... | X-ray | extremities | Child A and Child B, right and left femurs of both children, after 6 months of treatment with growth hormone and subsequent removal of external fixators. |
41483_qa_rubric | What does this intraoral image show, and what are the main visible postoperative findings? | [
"images/081_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an intraoral postoperative surgical site with visible wound closure.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Mentions sutures/stitches are present.",
"points": 8
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes... | digital_photography | head_neck_oral | Tension-free primary closure of the wound site |
7228_qa_rubric | What does this axial abdominal image show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/082_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a cross-sectional axial CT image of the abdomen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a very large intra-abdominal / retroperitoneal soft-tissue mass.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criteri... | CT | abdomen_pelvis | Primary extragonadal germ cell tumours. |
15552_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac ultrasound image show, and what is the main visible abnormality of the valve? | [
"images/083_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as an echocardiographic image of the heart or a cardiac ultrasound.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly recognizes that this is a transoesophageal/transesophageal echocardiogram rather than a non-cardiac i... | ultrasound | chest | Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic mid-oesophageal short axis view (65°). Unicuspid valve with eccentric valvular orifice. |
13766_qa_rubric | What do these prenatal ultrasound images show, and what are the most important fetal and placental abnormalities visible across the panels? | [
"images/084_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as prenatal/obstetric ultrasound of a fetus.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the figure shows multiple panels/sections of the fetus and placenta rather than a single image.",
"points": 1
},
{
... | ultrasound | other | Prenatal ultrasound. (A) Thalamus transverse section: subcutaneous edema: 3 mm; (B) thorax transverse section: bilateral hydrothorax: 4 mm; (C) abdominal transverse section: no subcutaneous edema; (D) sagittal section of the thigh: no subcutaneous edema; (E) no placental thickening; (F) cerebellum transverse section: s... |
7463_qa_rubric | What does this histology image show, and what are the most important visible pathologic features? | [
"images/085_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a melanocytic nevus / melanocytic lesion.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Specifically identifies the lesion as a compound nevus or notes both junctional and dermal components.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,... | microscopy_pathology | skin | Epidermal hyperplasia overlies a compound nevus composed of oval, uniform Spitzoid melanocytes. Note cellular maturation and prominent stromal desmoplasia in deeper portions of lesion (magnification, 10×). |
19277_qa_rubric | What does this lung ultrasound show, and what is the key abnormal pattern visible here? | [
"images/086_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as a lung ultrasound image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly recognizes that the display includes M-mode ultrasound.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that the m... | ultrasound | chest | Lung ultrasound with M-mode shows a barcode (stratosphere) pattern of horizontal lines without the normal granular seashore appearance, indicating absent detectable pleural sliding at the sampled site. Pneumothorax is a possible cause, but the pattern is not specific and requires additional sonographic and clinical cor... |
35459_qa_rubric | What does this CT image show in the upper arm, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/087_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as a CT image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes the image is in a coronal plane or longitudinal view of the arm.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the bone ... | CT | extremities | Second clinical case: CT image in coronal plane of pseudoarthrosis occurred after a middle-proximal third humeral shaft fracture in a 64-year-old male patient conservatively treated. |
38130_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the important visible findings? | [
"images/088_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as an intraoperative fluoroscopic or lateral X-ray image.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly states that the view is lateral.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly ... | specialized_radiology | spine_bone | Final position of the implant is confirmed on the lateral view. |
bal20261109_089_4851 | The columns show preoperative MRI, MRI after stage I endoscopic surgery, and MRI after stage II craniotomy. Characterize the original lesion and surrounding effects, compare the residual lesion after each stage, and interpret the perfusion and diffusion findings within the limits of the displayed images. Compare the di... | [
"images/089_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Localizes the original mass to the anterior cranial fossa/skull base.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes an extra-axial dural-based configuration.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes mark... | MRI | brain |
Resection of a large anterior cranial fossa meningioma managed via a staged approach with an initial endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to devascularize and debulk the tumor followed by a second pterional craniotomy for gross total resection.
(A)
Preoperative coronal and
(B)
preoperative sagittal T1 weighted scans wi... |
38633_qa_rubric | This is a hysteroscopic image from a patient with postmenopausal bleeding. Describe the visible endometrial surface and any apparent focal lesions, keeping the limits of visual assessment in mind. | [
"images/090_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the image as a hysteroscopic or endoscopic view of the uterine cavity/endometrium.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a thin/bland atrophic-appearing endometrial surface, without claiming histologic atrophy or measured ... | endoscopy | abdomen_pelvis | Hysteroscopic view of atrophic endometrium in a patient with PMB |
10800_qa_rubric | What do these hip images show across the different imaging modalities, and what is the main abnormality visible? | [
"images/091_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as multimodal imaging of the hip/proximal femur with MRI, CT, and radiograph/X-ray shown side by side.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the abnormality to the femoral head.",
"points": 4
},
... | MRI | extremities | Corresponding multi-modal imaging modalities of an early-stage ONFH patient. The necrotic lesion of early-stage ONFH has lower image intensities under T1 weighted MRI images (a). The observation of this lesion is hardly identifiable in other imaging modalities such as CT (b) and X-ray (c). |
3943_qa_rubric | CT has identified nodules, but only the whole-body PET projection is shown here. Describe the visible tracer distribution and any conspicuous abnormal uptake, and state the limits of matching individual CT nodules on this image alone. | [
"images/092_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as a whole-body PET/CT or fused PET metabolic imaging study.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that there is no clear focal abnormal hypermetabolic uptake visible.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index":... | nuclear_medicine | chest | PET/CT did not show focal hypermetabolism of those lesions corresponding to the nodules in CT. |
rep20261109_093_27990 | These neonatal brain images comprise coronal and parasagittal ultrasound (a-b), coronal CT (c-d), axial T2 MRI (e), and axial postcontrast T1 MRI (f). Compare the ventricular contents and lining, the periventricular abnormalities, and the brain parenchyma across modalities. What intracranial inflammatory/infective patt... | [
"images/093_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies ventriculomegaly in the coronal ultrasound a.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies echogenic intraventricular debris on ultrasound.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Identifies internal ... | other | brain | Congenital toxoplasmosis infection. Day 13 ultrasound in a term neonate with seizures and a bulging anterior fontanelle. a Coronal and b parasagittal images demonstrate severe ventriculitis with intraventricular debris (solid arrows), septations (dashed arrows), ventriculomegaly and ependymal thickening/increased echog... |
5775_qa_rubric | What does this fluoroscopic cardiac device image show, including the position of the leads and any important orientation seen across the different views? | [
"images/094_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as fluoroscopic/X-ray style imaging of a cardiac pacing device rather than CT, MRI, or echocardiography.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the figure contains multiple projections/views of the same devi... | specialized_radiology | chest | Fluoroscopic appearance of the permanent pacemaker leads in posterior‐anterior (PA), right anterior oblique (RAO) 30°, and left anterior oblique (LAO) 30° views. The atrial lead is implanted in the posterior interatrial septum, with typical posterior orientation in RAO 30° (to the left of the image) and septal orientat... |
5451_qa_rubric | What does this hip/pelvis X-ray show, and what are the main important visual findings? | [
"images/095_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the presence of a hip arthroplasty/prosthetic hip joint.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States or clearly implies this is a revision-type construct rather than a simple primary total hip replacement.",
"points": 5
},
... | X-ray | extremities | Trabecular metal acetabular revision system with cage and augments employed to fill bone defects in complex revision case. |
49546_qa_rubric | This axial/top-down schematic uses conventional radiological orientation (the patient's left is on the right of the displayed image). Describe the spinal anatomy and its numbered sectors. | [
"images/096_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "States that the image is a schematic diagram of a vertebra/spinal vertebral segment rather than a radiograph or cross-sectional scan.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies that the vertebra is divided into numbered sectors or zones.... | other | spine_bone | The International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium proposed to divide each vertebral body into 6 sectors: Sector 1 represents the vertebral body, sector 2 represents the left pedicle, sector3 represents the left transverse process and lamina, sector 4represents the spinous process, sector 5 represents the right transverse... |
41370_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main visible changes or findings in the facial skeletal and dental profile? | [
"images/097_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a lateral cephalometric tracing or superimposed cephalometric profile image rather than a standard photograph or cross-sectional scan.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that multiple tracings are overlaid/sup... | other | head_neck_oral | Superimposition of pretreatment, post functional and post-treatment cephalometric tracing (SN plane at Sella). |
38632_qa_rubric | What does this X-ray show? Please describe the main visible skeletal abnormalities and any brief impression based on the image. | [
"images/098_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as an X-ray/radiograph of a fetus or neonate/infant skeleton.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that there is a skeletal abnormality/dysplasia visible on the radiograph.",
"points": 2
},
{
... | X-ray | extremities | X-ray of the terminated fetus showing shortening and bowing of the limbs |
7744_qa_rubric | What does this hand image show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/099_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as an X-ray/radiograph of the hand.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this is a lateral view/projection.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly states the ima... | X-ray | extremities | Subcutaneous calcification of the dorsal aspect of the left hand |
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