Datasets:
id stringlengths 12 36 | question stringlengths 32 1.23k | images listlengths 1 3 | rubrics listlengths 9 34 | modality stringclasses 11
values | anatomy stringclasses 10
values | caption stringlengths 18 4.2k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47629_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac imaging frame show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/000_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a left ventriculogram or contrast ventriculography of the left ventricle.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "If describing the cardiac phase, treats end-systole as caption-provided context rather than inde... | specialized_radiology | chest | Endsystolic frame of left ventriculogram. |
rep20261109_001_14368 | Compare the two 12-lead ECGs, a and b, with the rhythm strips beneath each. Describe the main ST-T abnormalities and their change, and distinguish the intermittent wide complexes from the predominant conducted rhythm. What electrocardiographic process is most strongly suggested by the regional ST changes? Do not calcul... | [
"images/001_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies ST elevation in the inferior leads II, III and aVF on a.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies reciprocal ST depression in high lateral leads I and/or aVL on a.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"crite... | other | chest | Electrocardiograms in case 3. (a) Initial electrocardiogram shows inferior lead ST elevations and premature ventricular complexes. (b) Repeat electrocardiogram demonstrates resolution of inferior lead ST elevations. Premature ventricular complexes and widespread T wave inversions are additional notable findings. |
16038_qa_rubric | What does this pathology image show, and what are the most important visible microscopic features? | [
"images/002_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a histopathology / microscopic tissue image rather than radiology or gross specimen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes H&E-type appearance with pink eosinophilic background and purple-blue nuclei.",
"point... | microscopy_pathology | brain | Atypical ganglioglioma featuring a hypercellularity of the glial component, which has features of a pilocytic astrocytoma (HE staining, ×200) |
bal20261109_003_4099_cmp_10530 | For the first attached figure (Figure1), The foot MRI figure includes fluid-sensitive images (a), precontrast T1-weighted images (b), and postcontrast images (c). Describe the osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities, identify the most discriminating internal lesion pattern, and give the leading imaging diagnosis with an ... | [
"images/003_figure1.jpg",
"images/003_figure2.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "For Figure1, localizes the main disease to the hindfoot and tarsal region.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "For Figure1, recognizes involvement of multiple bones rather than a solitary focal bone lesion.",
"points": 4
},
{
"ru... | MRI | extremities | Figure1: a) Sagittal and axial PDFS MRI images showing multiple rounded abnormal T2 and STIR bright signal bone lesions showing “dot in a circle sign” (yellow arrow) with central hypointense dot representing the fungal granule and surrounding high T2 signal rim representing granulation tissue. b) T1 pre contrast MRI sh... |
bal20261109_004_3347 | These axial muscle MR images show a control (C) and four patients (P1, P3, P4, P6), with pelvic levels on the left and thigh levels on the right. Compare the distribution and severity of muscle changes and describe the most supported general disease pattern. Do not infer a genetic subtype. | [
"images/004_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies abnormal intramuscular fat-like high signal in patient images compared with C.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes reduced normal muscle substance/atrophy in affected gluteal muscles.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rub... | MRI | extremities | Muscle MRI of RSMD1 patients. Arrows showed the gluteus maximus and thigh. C: control. |
48281_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main visible findings? | [
"images/005_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as a cytogenetic/karyotypic image showing a metaphase chromosome spread.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that multiple condensed chromosomes are visible rather than intact cells or tissue architecture.",
... | microscopy_pathology | cells | Metaphase spread of the subject |
rep20261109_006_5624 | A is coronal T1-weighted MRI, B is sagittal T2-weighted MRI and C is axial T2-weighted MRI of the distal thigh. Characterize the arrowed lesion and the surrounding abnormal signal. Explain its relationship to muscle, bone and the vascular bundle, and state the most defensible broad interpretation without assigning a sp... | [
"images/006_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Localizes the lesion to distal thigh soft tissue proximal to the knee.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies a discrete rounded/ovoid nodular component.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes ... | MRI | extremities | A) T1-weighted frontal MRI image showing a hyperintense tumoral process occupying the distal third of the left thigh. B) T2-weighted sagital MRI image showing tumoral process with a hyperintense signal on the periphery and hypointense signal on the center (crown aspect). C) T2-weighted axial MRI image showing tumoral p... |
bal20261109_007_30380 | The knee MRI includes intermediate-weighted images (a-c) and fat-suppressed T2 images (d-f). Describe both the articular and medullary abnormalities, assess the stability of the osteochondral component, and explain the unifying process. | [
"images/007_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Localizes the principal articular lesion to the medial femoral condyle.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes extension to the subchondral weight-bearing surface.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "D... | MRI | extremities | A 16-year-old female teenager with a history of leukemia and long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Isotropic sagittal intermediate-weighted (a) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted (d) CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) SPACE TSE MR images with coronal and axial intermediate-wei... |
46197_qa_rubric | What does this renal nuclear medicine image show, and what are the important findings about the kidneys? | [
"images/008_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a renal nuclear medicine scan/renogram (e.g., MAG3 renal scan).",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the image demonstrates asymmetric renal function.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"crite... | nuclear_medicine | abdomen_pelvis | MAG 3 of a 64-year-old lady with XGP in the upper pole of a duplex right kidney, showing loss of function in the affected pole, but with preserved function in the lower pole moiety, the latter accounting for 38% of total renal function. Subsequent management was directed at preserving the lower pole and managing the co... |
30564_qa_rubric | What are the main findings on this monitor tracing, including the key rhythm abnormality and any important change seen in the hemodynamic waveform? | [
"images/009_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes a premature ventricular complex (PVC) or ventricular ectopic beat preceding the main event.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": "Specifically notes that the PVC is early and falls on the preceding T wave or represents an R-on-T phen... | other | chest | An example of an R-on-T type premature ventricular complex (PVC) triggering ventricular tachycardia (VT) that deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation (VF). This ECG was from a 63 year-old male admitted to the ICU status post aspiration and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. The patient had history of heart ... |
bal20261109_010_13019 | The thigh MRI includes coronal T1 images (a, b), axial T1 (c), and axial fat-suppressed T1 (d). Describe the marrow and soft-tissue abnormalities, characterize the arrowed foci by comparing sequences, and explain their significance for the leading diagnostic category. | [
"images/010_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Recognizes the dominant abnormality as right-sided.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies extensive abnormal low T1 signal in the right femoral marrow.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes t... | MRI | extremities | An 80-year-old man presented with fever and severe pain in the right thigh for one week. Complete blood counts disclosed leukocytosis and neutrophilia. MRI of the hips and thighs disclosed extensive bone marrow edema in the right femur, extensive periarticular and muscle edema, associated with small foci of focal fat g... |
15099_qa_rubric | What do these lateral cervical spine X-rays show, and what are the most important visible findings across the different neck positions? | [
"images/011_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as lateral plain radiographs/X-rays of the cervical spine.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that there are three images obtained in different positions or dynamic views.",
"points": 2
},
{... | X-ray | spine_bone | Cervical kyphotic deformity was observed on plain X-ray (lateral view), and C2–7 kyphotic angles in extension (a), neutral (b), and flexion (c) positions were 50°, 61°, and 71°, respectively |
30214_qa_rubric | These shoulder MRI images include coronal STIR (A), diffusion-weighted imaging (B), an ADC map (C), and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 imaging (D). Describe the main marrow and adjacent soft-tissue abnormalities, compare the signal appearances across sequences, and give an appropriately limited differential diag... | [
"images/012_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as MRI of the shoulder/right shoulder region.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the main abnormality is centered in the proximal humerus/humeral head-neck region.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,... | MRI | extremities | MRI of the right shoulder joint. T2-weighted image (STIR) (A) shows a high signal area in the bone marrow extending from the metaphysis to the epiphysis of the humerus (arrow). High signal intensity is also seen in the soft tissues beyond the cortical bone, suggesting the spread of inflammation (arrowhead). Diffusion-w... |
48130_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main structures or cell types illustrated around the vessel? | [
"images/013_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the image as a schematic/diagram of the neurovascular unit rather than a radiologic scan or histology specimen.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the central structure is a blood vessel/microvessel/capillary shown i... | other | brain | Neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU is formed by the interaction of microvascular endothelial cells, a basal lamina, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and an extracellular matrix. |
33915_qa_rubric | What does this angiographic image show, including the key vascular device finding and any important complication visible? | [
"images/014_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as an angiographic / fluoroscopic vascular image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes an endovascular stent graft or covered stent is present.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Des... | specialized_radiology | chest | Initial deployment of the stent with incomplete coverage and a type 1 endoleak. |
26964_qa_rubric | What do these eye photographs show, and what are the most important visible changes across the three panels? | [
"images/015_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies that these are anterior segment clinical photographs of the eye/cornea.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the figure shows a postoperative or surgically altered cornea rather than a normal eye.",
"points": 2
... | digital_photography | head_neck_oral | A: The patient underwent LK for uncontrolled Acanthamoeba keratitis; B: After intrastromal bevacizumab injection, the hemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment was not resolved; C: After eight days, the blood was drained, and the donor was exchanged with a new one because of staining. |
22641_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/016_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a tachyarrhythmia or rapid regular rhythm is present.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that the rhythm is a regular narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
... | other | chest | A 12-lead electrocardiogram of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The presence of the pseudo S wave in lead II (A) is highly suggestive of AVNRT as the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia, particularly if the rhythm terminates with adenosine. |
49652_qa_rubric | What does this image show about how a circulating cell interacts with the endothelium and moves across the vessel wall? | [
"images/017_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "States that the figure is a schematic/diagram of a circulating cell interacting with vascular endothelium rather than a radiologic scan or histology image.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes the pink horizontal structure as the e... | other | cells | A cell floating with the blood flow need to reach an endothelial wall via margination process; once near the endothelial wall, it needs to adhere to the endothelium, undergo the transitions from rolling to crawling migration before anchoring to the endothelium and transmigrate the endothelial wall using one of the foll... |
37517_qa_rubric | What does this neck image show, and what are the most important visible abnormalities? | [
"images/018_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT scan of the neck.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes the coronal plane/view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes a focal soft-tissue lesion/abn... | CT | head_neck_oral | Spiral neck CT scan, coronal view. The sinus tract has been shown with an arrow as a low-density area just beneath the lesion |
44315_qa_rubric | What does this cardiac CT image show, and what are the most important visible findings around the aortic valve and nearby coronary artery? | [
"images/019_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as a cardiac CT / CT angiographic image used to evaluate the aortic root, prosthetic valve, and coronary relationship.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the presence of a prosthetic aortic valve or prior aor... | CT | chest | Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Planning CT Scan Demonstrating Perimount Implant With Severe Calcification Abutting Left Main Stem |
29350_qa_rubric | What does this histology image show, and what are the main visible abnormalities or tissue features? | [
"images/020_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a histology / microscopic pathology image rather than a radiology study or gross specimen",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Notes abundant adipose tissue / fat cells with large clear vacuolated spaces consistent with adi... | microscopy_pathology | other | Hypocellular thick fibrotic septa (HE staining, ×100) |
34878_qa_rubric | What does this chest image show, and what are the main visible skin findings? | [
"images/021_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies a cutaneous eruption/rash on the chest.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes the lesions as erythematous or pink-red.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes multiple discrete papule... | digital_photography | skin | The patient's chest shows erythematous papules coalescing into plaques |
15888_qa_rubric | The upper row is the earlier PET/CT study and the lower row is the later study. What are the main findings and interval changes shown on this PET/CT image set? | [
"images/022_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as FDG PET/CT or fused PET/CT images with whole-body MIP views and axial fused slices.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes that the figure compares two time points or prior versus later PET/CT examinations.",
"... | nuclear_medicine | other | 62-year-old man with a history of squamous cell cancer. The upper row is the PET/CT from 2019, which was obtained for cancer staging. The fused PET/CT axial image at the axilla level is unremarkable. MIP image on the right shows hypermetabolic tongue cancer and metastatic left cervical lymphadenopathy (pink circle). Th... |
42730_qa_rubric | What does this EEG tracing show, and are there any important abnormal patterns visible? | [
"images/023_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Recognizes a focal rhythmic abnormality rather than a completely normal background-only tracing.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the most prominent abnormal activity to the right centrotemporal/temporal region.",
... | other | brain | EEG: electroencephalogram |
33128_qa_rubric | What does this breast MRI show, and what are the key visible findings in the chest wall or retropectoral region? | [
"images/024_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the modality as MRI of the breast.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes the image as an axial/cross-sectional view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that the breast and adjacent ... | MRI | chest | Magnetic resonance image in the axial plane of the breast, taken preoperatively. The initial total absence of adipose tissue in the retropectoral space is easily appreciated. |
4950_qa_rubric | This whole-body PET image uses blue, green, and red markers for liver, spleen, and vertebral bone marrow volumes of interest, respectively. Describe the sampling regions and the main visible tracer distribution, distinguishing the markers from lesions. | [
"images/025_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the modality as an FDG PET or whole-body PET nuclear medicine image.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this as a coronal whole-body projection/image of the body from head to pelvis.",
"points": 3
},
... | nuclear_medicine | other | Representative 18F-FDG PET image showing volume-of-interest placement in 3-tissue model: liver (blue), spleen (green), and bone marrow (red). |
43131_qa_rubric | What are the main findings shown in this multi-panel medical figure? | [
"images/026_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a multi-panel figure combining operative/intraoperative views, spine MRI, CT, and histopathology.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a spinal canal mass/tumor as the central abnormality.",
"points": 4
},
... | other | spine_bone | The patient was placed prone (A) with the skin incision marked on the right side. Intraoperative photograph (B) of an ossified ventral meningioma located eccentrically to the right, displacing the spinal cord toward the left side of the spinal canal. Axial (C) and sagittal (D) postcontrast T1-weighted MRI demonstrating... |
50207_qa_rubric | What does this shoulder CT image show, and what are the main visible anatomic relationships or abnormalities? | [
"images/027_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT image of the shoulder region.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that this is an axial or axial-oblique reformatted view rather than a plain radiograph.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubri... | CT | extremities | Two-diemnsional axial CT converted into MPR 3D format aligned in reference to the scapular plane. 3D, 3-dimensional; CT, computed tomography. |
36240_qa_rubric | What does this postoperative lower leg image show? | [
"images/028_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a postoperative photograph of the lower leg/ankle rather than an X-ray, CT, MRI, or ultrasound.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a large open surgical wound/incision in the lower leg.",
"points": 5
},
... | digital_photography | extremities | Day 1 after compartment release. |
bal20261109_029_16610 | These are corresponding MRI views of a symptomatic foot: a is T1-weighted, b is fat-suppressed T2-weighted, and c is STIR. Describe the heel abnormality and associated bone and muscle findings. Compare the arrowed forefoot marrow appearances across b and c, and explain which abnormalities represent convincing disease a... | [
"images/029_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies a focal lateral heel skin/soft-tissue defect.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes inflammatory change in the adjacent subcutaneous tissues.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Localizes th... | MRI | extremities | A 60-year-old man presented with a chronic ulcer on the lateral aspect of the right heel, with symptoms of infection. Axial (a) T1-W, (b) T2-W FS and (c) STIR MR images of the right foot show an ulcer (white arrows) along the lateral aspect of the heel with surrounding cellulitis (arrowheads). Low T1-W and high T2-W ma... |
29992_qa_rubric | What does this dental schematic show about the localized ridge or socket defect between the remaining teeth? | [
"images/030_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a schematic dental/periodontal illustration rather than a radiograph or clinical photograph.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes two remaining teeth flanking a localized edentulous ridge/socket defect.",
"po... | other | head_neck_oral | Type 1 defect: incipient defect environment has adequate regenerative and esthetic potential. |
11923_qa_rubric | What does this dental CBCT cross-sectional image show, and what are the main important findings in this region? | [
"images/031_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the modality as a dental CBCT or cone-beam CT cross-sectional image.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image depicts the posterior mandible / mandibular molar region.",
"points": 3
},
{
... | specialized_radiology | head_neck_oral | Cross sections from the CBCT of region 36 for case vignette 1. The alveolar ridge is atrophied in the crestal region |
rep20261109_032_5921 | These orbital MR images show three different patients. Panels a-b are axial and coronal contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 images in patient 1. Panels c-d are axial pre- and postcontrast T1 images in patient 2. Panel e is an axial T2 image in patient 3. Describe the abnormal orbital and adjacent sinonasal findings in ... | [
"images/032_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies opacified/inflamed left ethmoid air cells adjacent to the orbital process in a-b.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Identifies left maxillary sinus inflammatory opacification in b.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": ... | MRI | head_neck_oral | Extensive orbital involvement in three patients with CAM. In a patient with CAM, post debridement, axial (a) and coronal (b) T1FS MR images depict left ethmoid and maxillary sinusitis (*) with a peripherally enhancing abscess in medial extraconal space of left orbit (arrow) and inflammatory changes in the medial rectus... |
18601_qa_rubric | What does this laparoscopic intra-abdominal image show, and what are the main structures or abnormal relationships you can identify? | [
"images/033_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies this as a laparoscopic/intraoperative view of the abdomen.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Mentions the gallbladder as one of the visible structures.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion":... | endoscopy | digestive_tract | Laparoscopic view depicting: (a) gallbladder, (b) Foramen of Winslow, (c) Cecum going into hernia and (d) stomach. |
10038_qa_rubric | What does this head image show, and are there any important acute intracranial abnormalities visible? | [
"images/034_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the study as a CT scan of the head/brain.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly notes the image is an axial cross-sectional view.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "States that th... | CT | brain | Axial section CT of the head from 2013 showing no evidence of acute infarct or haemorrhage. |
15125_qa_rubric | What are the main findings on this brain image, and what pattern of abnormality does it suggest? | [
"images/035_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies cerebral atrophy as a key finding.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Correctly localizes the abnormality to the temporal lobes.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes temporal-predominant a... | CT | brain | Frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (a, b) Axial T1-weighted MR images at the convexities (a) and temporal lobes (b) show moderate frontotemporal atrophy. Note the atrophy at the right frontal lobe (arrows in a). (c) Follow-up axial CT image at the lateral ventricles obtained 5 years later shows asymmetric worsening atr... |
6105_qa_rubric | Operative context: this is an opened resected Meckel diverticulum. Describe the visible specimen and its contents, and distinguish directly visible findings from the supplied organ-of-origin information. | [
"images/036_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes a resected opened hollow-organ/sac-like tissue specimen. Bowel origin may be stated when supplied context establishes it.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes an opened sac-like cavity with soft-tissue walls. A blind-endin... | digital_photography | digestive_tract | Resected Meckel’s diverticulum with cyst containing multiple enteroliths. |
6032_qa_rubric | What does this shoulder MRI show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/037_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an MRI of the shoulder.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Uses right shoulder only when supplied context establishes laterality. A side is not required from an unmarked crop.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_i... | MRI | extremities | MRI of a right shoulder demonstrating that the supraspinatus tendon projects above the circle (double arrow), which is tangent to the greater tuberosity, and that the strong coracoacromial ligament (arrow) is inside the circle, which touches the undersurface of the acromion. This explains why a subacromial impingement ... |
24502_qa_rubric | What does this pelvic ultrasound show, and what are the main visible findings? | [
"images/038_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an ultrasound/sonographic image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes this as a pelvic/adnexal ultrasound image.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the o... | ultrasound | abdomen_pelvis | A normal multifollicular ovary in a 16‐year‐old girl. |
38312_qa_rubric | What does this image show, and what are the main visible structural parts you can identify? | [
"images/039_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the image as a schematic/diagram of a poxvirus virion or poxvirus particle.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Notes the overall brick-like or rectangular-elliptical shape of the virion.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_in... | other | other | Schematic of a poxvirus-like virion showing the outer membrane, inner membrane, viral enzymes, lateral bodies, core wall, central core, and DNA genome. |
rep20261109_040_18936 | Compare the three rectal cases. Within each case, the six panels are T2-weighted MRI, ADC map, APT-T2 fusion map, native T1 map, postcontrast T1 map, and H&E histology, respectively (A-F, G-L and M-R). Which case shows the strongest water/mucin-rich tissue pattern? Support your answer with rectal morphology, relative T... | [
"images/040_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies rectal wall thickening in case 1 on A.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Describes markedly high and heterogeneous T2 signal within the case 1 wall lesion.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Reco... | MRI | digestive_tract | Case 1: A 76-year-old female with mucinous adenocarcinoma (A–F). Oblique axial T2-weighted image showed the rectal wall thickens with a high-intensity signal (A). The lesion showed a slightly high-intensity signal on the ADC map, the ADC value was 1.15×10-3 mm2/s (B). APT-T2 merged image showed the mass with a mean APT... |
42917_qa_rubric | What does this image show? Please briefly describe the visible anatomy, the view/orientation, and any labeled landmarks you can identify. | [
"images/041_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Correctly identifies the image as a lateral/profile view of the head and face.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that this is a schematic line drawing/diagram rather than a radiograph, CT, MRI, or photograph.",
"points": 4
},
... | other | head_neck_oral | Landmarks identified in the lateral view. |
23423_qa_rubric | What does this ECG show, and what are the main visible abnormalities if any? | [
"images/042_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an electrocardiogram/ECG/EKG.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that the rhythm is sinus rhythm or specifically sinus tachycardia.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes... | other | chest | Electrocardiogram demonstrates sinus tachycardia with nonspecific T wave changes. |
50228_qa_rubric | What does this fluoroscopic abdominal image show, especially regarding the tubing/wire and the ductal structures? | [
"images/043_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a fluoroscopic/X-ray image from an endoscopic biliary-pancreatic procedure (e.g., ERCP-style image).",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Mentions the presence of an endoscope/duodenoscope projecting into the upper abdomen/... | specialized_radiology | digestive_tract | Guidewire penetrating the pancreatic duct (white circle) of Patient 4 |
26490_qa_rubric | What does this breast image show, and what are the most important visible findings? | [
"images/044_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the modality as breast ultrasound/sonography.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image is of the breast rather than another organ.",
"points": 3
},
{
"rubric_index": 2,
"criterion": "Describes ... | ultrasound | chest | Tumark Vision® clip within breast cancer. |
28432_qa_rubric | What does this MR image show in the thorax, and are there any notable lymphatic findings or variants visible? | [
"images/045_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies the study as an MR lymphangiographic image or MR lymphangiogram of the thorax.",
"points": 4
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes a tubular lymphatic structure consistent with the thoracic duct.",
"points": 5
},
{
"rubric_... | MRI | chest | Example of a typical anatomical variant. Noncontrast MR lymphangiogram demonstrating duplications of the thoracic duct in the upper thorax as an anatomical variant without pathological value. |
8122_qa_rubric | What does this pelvic hip image show, and what important visual measurement or alignment feature is being illustrated? | [
"images/046_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies this as a pelvis/hip radiographic-style image or schematic of the pelvis with both hips visible.",
"points": 2
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "Recognizes that the image focuses on a hip arthroplasty acetabular cup/component rather than a na... | other | extremities | Acetabular component abduction angle was measured by determining the angle between the face of the acetabular component and the intra-ischial line. |
41912_qa_rubric | What important abnormalities are visible in this breast photograph? | [
"images/047_figure1.jpg"
] | [
{
"rubric_index": 0,
"criterion": "Identifies focal skin necrosis/gangrenous change as the key abnormality.",
"points": 10
},
{
"rubric_index": 1,
"criterion": "States that there are two discrete abnormal skin lesions/areas.",
"points": 6
},
{
"rubric_index": 3,
"criterion": ... | digital_photography | skin | Skin necrosis on the sites of MBD injection. Two gangrenous areas developed 11 days postoperative. |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
⚡ Introduction
MedMM-ExpertRubric is an open-ended medical multimodal benchmark with physician-verified rubrics, released with HuatuoGPT-Vision-2. It contains 500 questions, 538 images, and 11,088 rubric items.
- 👨⚕️ Physician-verified. Licensed physicians filter every rubric item, keeping only core image-understanding points.
- 🔬 Fine-grained scoring. About 22 weighted rubric items per question. Positive items reward key findings, and negative items penalize medical errors.
- 🩻 Diverse and held-out. Covers radiology, pathology, ultrasound, endoscopy, and more, with 32 multi-image questions. None of the cases is used in HuatuoGPT-Vision-2 training.
- 🤝 Aligned with physicians. Rankings agree with physician pairwise preference, making it a low-cost proxy for expert evaluation.
📚 What's inside
| File | Content |
|---|---|
inference_inputs.json |
Question and images only. Use this as model input. |
medmm_expert_rubric.json |
Full records with rubrics, caption, modality, and anatomy. For scoring only. |
🚀 Usage
Load the downloaded data:
import json
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image
root = Path("/path/to/MedMM-ExpertRubric")
dataset = json.loads((root / "inference_inputs.json").read_text())
case = dataset[0]
images = [Image.open(root / path) for path in case["images"]]
print(case["question"])
Provide the question and images in order to the model. Use the rubrics for evaluation only. Do not include the caption in model input.
An LLM grader marks each rubric item as met or not met. The score is the sum of points for met items divided by the total positive points. We use GPT-4.1 in the paper, and other strong LLMs can also serve as the grader.
📖 Citation
@inproceedings{chen2026incentivizing,
title={Incentivizing Medical Vision Capabilities from Large-Scale Multimodal Pre-training},
author={Chen, Junying and Cai, Zhenyang and Yang, Yunjin and Cai, Kunyuan and Wang, Rongsheng and Wang, Xidong and Yu, Geyang and Feng, Xiangyi and Wang, Benyou},
booktitle={The Fortieth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
year={2026}
}
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