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import math from itertools import islice from nltk.util import choose, ngrams def sentence_ribes(references, hypothesis, alpha=0.25, beta=0.10): """ The RIBES (Rank-based Intuitive Bilingual Evaluation Score) from Hideki Isozaki, Tsutomu Hirao, Kevin Duh, Katsuhito Sudoh and Hajime Tsukada. 2010. "Autom...
This function "calculates RIBES for a system output (hypothesis) with multiple references, and returns "best" score among multi-references and individual scores. The scores are corpus-wise, i.e., averaged by the number of sentences." (c.f. RIBES version 1.03.1 code). Different from BLEU's micro-average precision, RIBES...
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import math from itertools import islice from nltk.util import choose, ngrams def choose(n, k): """ This function is a fast way to calculate binomial coefficients, commonly known as nCk, i.e. the number of combinations of n things taken k at a time. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient)....
Calculates the Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient given the *worder* list of word alignment from word_rank_alignment(), using the formula: rho = 1 - sum(d**2) / choose(len(worder)+1, 3) Given that d is the sum of difference between the *worder* list of indices and the original word indices from the reference senten...
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import math import sys import warnings from collections import Counter from fractions import Fraction from nltk.util import ngrams def corpus_bleu( list_of_references, hypotheses, weights=(0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), smoothing_function=None, auto_reweigh=False, ): """ Calculate a single corpus-...
Calculate BLEU score (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) from Papineni, Kishore, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu. 2002. "BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation." In Proceedings of ACL. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P02-1040.pdf >>> hypothesis1 = ['It', 'is', 'a', 'guide', 'to', 'actio...
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import fractions import math from collections import Counter from nltk.util import ngrams def corpus_nist(list_of_references, hypotheses, n=5): """ Calculate a single corpus-level NIST score (aka. system-level BLEU) for all the hypotheses and their respective references. :param references: a corpus of l...
Calculate NIST score from George Doddington. 2002. "Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using n-gram co-occurrence statistics." Proceedings of HLT. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1289189.1289273 DARPA commissioned NIST to develop an MT evaluation facility based on the...
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from collections import defaultdict class defaultdict(Dict[_KT, _VT], Generic[_KT, _VT]): default_factory: Callable[[], _VT] def __init__(self, **kwargs: _VT) -> None: ... def __init__(self, default_factory: Optional[Callable[[], _VT]]) -> None: ... def __init__(self, default_factory: Optional[Callable...
This module symmetrisatizes the source-to-target and target-to-source word alignment output and produces, aka. GDFA algorithm (Koehn, 2005). Step 1: Find the intersection of the bidirectional alignment. Step 2: Search for additional neighbor alignment points to be added, given these criteria: (i) neighbor alignments po...
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import math class LanguageIndependent: # These are the language-independent probabilities and parameters # given in Gale & Church # for the computation, l_1 is always the language with less characters PRIORS = { (1, 0): 0.0099, (0, 1): 0.0099, (1, 1): 0.89, (2, 1): 0.089,...
Creates the sentence alignment of two texts. Texts can consist of several blocks. Block boundaries cannot be crossed by sentence alignment links. Each block consists of a list that contains the lengths (in characters) of the sentences in this block. @param source_blocks: The list of blocks in the source text. @param ta...
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import math def split_at(it, split_value): """Splits an iterator C{it} at values of C{split_value}. Each instance of C{split_value} is swallowed. The iterator produces subiterators which need to be consumed fully before the next subiterator can be used. """ def _chunk_iterator(first): v ...
Parses a stream of tokens and splits it into sentences (using C{soft_delimiter} tokens) and blocks (using C{hard_delimiter} tokens) for use with the L{align_texts} function.
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import re from collections import Counter, defaultdict from nltk.util import ngrams def corpus_chrf( references, hypotheses, min_len=1, max_len=6, beta=3.0, ignore_whitespace=True ): """ Calculates the corpus level CHRF (Character n-gram F-score), it is the macro-averaged value of the sentence/segment l...
Calculates the sentence level CHRF (Character n-gram F-score) described in - Maja Popovic. 2015. CHRF: Character n-gram F-score for Automatic MT Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Machine Translation. https://www.statmt.org/wmt15/pdf/WMT49.pdf - Maja Popovic. 2016. CHRF Deconstructed: β Parameters and n...
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The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `alignment_error_rate` function. Write a Python function `def alignment_error_rate(reference, hypothesis, possible=None)` to solve the following problem: Return the Alignment Error Rate (AER) of an alignment with respect to a "gold standar...
Return the Alignment Error Rate (AER) of an alignment with respect to a "gold standard" reference alignment. Return an error rate between 0.0 (perfect alignment) and 1.0 (no alignment). >>> from nltk.translate import Alignment >>> ref = Alignment([(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)]) >>> test = Alignment([(0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 1)]) ...
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from functools import reduce from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import ProbabilisticTree, Tree class ViterbiParser(ParserI): """ A bottom-up ``PCFG`` parser that uses dynamic programming to find the single most likely parse for a text. The ``ViterbiParser`` parser parses texts by filling...
A demonstration of the probabilistic parsers. The user is prompted to select which demo to run, and how many parses should be found; and then each parser is run on the same demo, and a summary of the results are displayed.
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from nltk.data import load from nltk.grammar import CFG, PCFG, FeatureGrammar from nltk.parse.chart import Chart, ChartParser from nltk.parse.featurechart import FeatureChart, FeatureChartParser from nltk.parse.pchart import InsideChartParser def load( resource_url, format="auto", cache=True, verbose=F...
Load a grammar from a file, and build a parser based on that grammar. The parser depends on the grammar format, and might also depend on properties of the grammar itself. The following grammar formats are currently supported: - ``'cfg'`` (CFGs: ``CFG``) - ``'pcfg'`` (probabilistic CFGs: ``PCFG``) - ``'fcfg'`` (feature-...
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from nltk.data import load from nltk.grammar import CFG, PCFG, FeatureGrammar from nltk.parse.chart import Chart, ChartParser from nltk.parse.featurechart import FeatureChart, FeatureChartParser from nltk.parse.pchart import InsideChartParser def taggedsent_to_conll(sentence): """ A module to convert a single P...
A module to convert the a POS tagged document stream (i.e. list of list of tuples, a list of sentences) and yield lines in CONLL format. This module yields one line per word and two newlines for end of sentence. >>> from nltk import word_tokenize, sent_tokenize, pos_tag >>> text = "This is a foobar sentence. Is that ri...
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from nltk.data import load from nltk.grammar import CFG, PCFG, FeatureGrammar from nltk.parse.chart import Chart, ChartParser from nltk.parse.featurechart import FeatureChart, FeatureChartParser from nltk.parse.pchart import InsideChartParser The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing t...
Parses a string with one test sentence per line. Lines can optionally begin with: - a bool, saying if the sentence is grammatical or not, or - an int, giving the number of parse trees is should have, The result information is followed by a colon, and then the sentence. Empty lines and lines beginning with a comment cha...
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import logging import math from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph def nonprojective_conll_parse_demo(): from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import conll_data2 graphs = [DependencyGraph(entry) for entry in conll_data2.split("\n\n") if entry] npp = ProbabilisticNonprojectiveParser() npp.train(...
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import logging import math from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph class DemoScorer(DependencyScorerI): def train(self, graphs): print("Training...") def score(self, graph): # scores for Keith Hall 'K-best Spanning Tree Parsing' paper return [ [[], [5], [1], [1...
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from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import ImmutableTree, Tree class RecursiveDescentParser(ParserI): """ A simple top-down CFG parser that parses texts by recursively expanding the fringe of a Tree, and matching it against a text. ``RecursiveDescen...
A demonstration of the recursive descent parser.
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from time import perf_counter from nltk.featstruct import TYPE, FeatStruct, find_variables, unify from nltk.grammar import ( CFG, FeatStructNonterminal, Nonterminal, Production, is_nonterminal, is_terminal, ) from nltk.parse.chart import ( BottomUpPredictCombineRule, BottomUpPredictRule,...
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from time import perf_counter from nltk.featstruct import TYPE, FeatStruct, find_variables, unify from nltk.grammar import ( CFG, FeatStructNonterminal, Nonterminal, Production, is_nonterminal, is_terminal, ) from nltk.parse.chart import ( BottomUpPredictCombineRule, BottomUpPredictRule,...
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from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree def _ensure_bllip_import_or_error(): pass
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from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree def _ensure_bllip_import_or_error(ie=ie): raise ImportError("Couldn't import bllipparser module: %s" % ie)
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from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree def _ensure_ascii(words): try: for i, word in enumerate(words): word.encode("ascii") except UnicodeEncodeError as e: raise ValueError( f"Token {i} ({word!r}) is non-ASCII. BLLIP Parser " "currently...
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from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree def _scored_parse_to_nltk_tree(scored_parse): return Tree.fromstring(str(scored_parse.ptb_parse))
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from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree class BllipParser(ParserI): """ Interface for parsing with BLLIP Parser. BllipParser objects can be constructed with the ``BllipParser.from_unified_model_dir`` class method or manually using the ``BllipParser`` constructor. """ def __...
This assumes the Python module bllipparser is installed.
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import subprocess import warnings from collections import defaultdict from itertools import chain from pprint import pformat from nltk.internals import find_binary from nltk.tree import Tree def find_binary( name, path_to_bin=None, env_vars=(), searchpath=(), binary_names=None, url=None, ve...
Create image representation fom dot_string, using the 'dot' program from the Graphviz package. Use the 't' argument to specify the image file format, for ex. 'jpeg', 'eps', 'json', 'png' or 'webp' (Running 'dot -T:' lists all available formats). Note that the "capture_output" option of subprocess.run() is only availabl...
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import subprocess import warnings from collections import defaultdict from itertools import chain from pprint import pformat from nltk.internals import find_binary from nltk.tree import Tree def malt_demo(nx=False): """ A demonstration of the result of reading a dependency version of the first sentence of t...
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import random from functools import reduce from nltk.grammar import PCFG, Nonterminal from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.chart import AbstractChartRule, Chart, LeafEdge, TreeEdge from nltk.tree import ProbabilisticTree, Tree class InsideChartParser(BottomUpProbabilisticChartParser): """ A bottom...
A demonstration of the probabilistic parsers. The user is prompted to select which demo to run, and how many parses should be found; and then each parser is run on the same demo, and a summary of the results are displayed.
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import pickle import tempfile from copy import deepcopy from operator import itemgetter from os import remove from nltk.parse import DependencyEvaluator, DependencyGraph, ParserI The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `demo` function. Write a Python function `def demo()` to solv...
>>> from nltk.parse import DependencyGraph, DependencyEvaluator >>> from nltk.parse.transitionparser import TransitionParser, Configuration, Transition >>> gold_sent = DependencyGraph(\""" ... Economic JJ 2 ATT ... news NN 3 SBJ ... has VBD 0 ROOT ... little JJ 5 ATT ... effect NN 3 OBJ ... on IN 5 ATT ... financial JJ...
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from collections import defaultdict from functools import total_ordering from itertools import chain from nltk.grammar import ( DependencyGrammar, DependencyProduction, ProbabilisticDependencyGrammar, ) from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph...
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from collections import defaultdict from functools import total_ordering from itertools import chain from nltk.grammar import ( DependencyGrammar, DependencyProduction, ProbabilisticDependencyGrammar, ) from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph...
A demonstration showing the creation of a ``DependencyGrammar`` in which a specific number of modifiers is listed for a given head. This can further constrain the number of possible parses created by a ``ProjectiveDependencyParser``.
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import inspect import os import subprocess import sys import tempfile from nltk.data import ZipFilePathPointer from nltk.internals import find_dir, find_file, find_jars_within_path from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph from nltk.parse.util import taggedsents_to_conll ...
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import inspect import os import subprocess import sys import tempfile from nltk.data import ZipFilePathPointer from nltk.internals import find_dir, find_file, find_jars_within_path from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph from nltk.parse.util import taggedsents_to_conll ...
A module to find MaltParser .jar file and its dependencies.
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import inspect import os import subprocess import sys import tempfile from nltk.data import ZipFilePathPointer from nltk.internals import find_dir, find_file, find_jars_within_path from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph from nltk.parse.util import taggedsents_to_conll ...
A module to find pre-trained MaltParser model.
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import json import os import re import socket import time from typing import List, Tuple from nltk.internals import _java_options, config_java, find_jar_iter, java from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph from nltk.tag.api import TaggerI from nltk.tokenize.api import To...
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import json import os import re import socket import time from typing import List, Tuple from nltk.internals import _java_options, config_java, find_jar_iter, java from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.parse.dependencygraph import DependencyGraph from nltk.tag.api import TaggerI from nltk.tokenize.api import To...
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import itertools import sys from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal def generate(grammar, start=None, depth=None, n=None): demo_grammar = """ S -> NP VP NP -> Det N PP -> P NP VP -> 'slept' | 'saw' NP | 'walked' PP Det -> 'the' | 'a' N -> 'man' | 'park' | 'dog' P -> 'in' | 'with' """ class CFG: def __i...
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from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree class ShiftReduceParser(ParserI): """ A simple bottom-up CFG parser that uses two operations, "shift" and "reduce", to find a single parse for a text. ``ShiftReduceParser`` maintains a stack, which records...
A demonstration of the shift-reduce parser.
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import itertools import re import warnings from functools import total_ordering from nltk.grammar import PCFG, is_nonterminal, is_terminal from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree from nltk.util import OrderedDict def is_terminal(item): """ ...
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import itertools import re import warnings from functools import total_ordering from nltk.grammar import PCFG, is_nonterminal, is_terminal from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.parse.api import ParserI from nltk.tree import Tree from nltk.util import OrderedDict TD_STRATEGY = [ LeafInitRule()...
A demonstration of the chart parsers.
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from time import perf_counter from nltk.parse.chart import ( BottomUpPredictCombineRule, BottomUpPredictRule, CachedTopDownPredictRule, Chart, ChartParser, EdgeI, EmptyPredictRule, FilteredBottomUpPredictCombineRule, FilteredSingleEdgeFundamentalRule, LeafEdge, LeafInitRule, ...
A demonstration of the Earley parsers.
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure class Nonterminal: """ ...
:return: True if the item is a ``Nonterminal``. :rtype: bool
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure def _read_production(line, non...
Return a list of context-free ``Productions``.
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure def _read_production(line, non...
Return a list of PCFG ``ProbabilisticProductions``.
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure def _read_production(line, non...
Return a list of feature-based ``Productions``.
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure def _read_production(line, non...
Return a pair consisting of a starting category and a list of ``Productions``. :param input: a grammar, either in the form of a string or else as a list of strings. :param nonterm_parser: a function for parsing nonterminals. It should take a ``(string, position)`` as argument and return a ``(nonterminal, position)`` as...
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure class DependencyProduction(Pro...
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import re from functools import total_ordering from nltk.featstruct import SLASH, TYPE, FeatDict, FeatStruct, FeatStructReader from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types from nltk.probability import ImmutableProbabilisticMixIn from nltk.util import invert_graph, transitive_closure def cfg_demo(): """ A ...
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from nltk.tree.tree import Tree def chomsky_normal_form( tree, factor="right", horzMarkov=None, vertMarkov=0, childChar="|", parentChar="^" ): # assume all subtrees have homogeneous children # assume all terminals have no siblings # A semi-hack to have elegant looking code below. As a result, # any...
A demonstration showing how each tree transform can be used.
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import re from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal, Production from nltk.internals import deprecated class Tree(list): r""" A Tree represents a hierarchical grouping of leaves and subtrees. For example, each constituent in a syntax tree is represented by a single Tree. A tree's children are encoded as a lis...
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import re from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal, Production from nltk.internals import deprecated class Tree(list): r""" A Tree represents a hierarchical grouping of leaves and subtrees. For example, each constituent in a syntax tree is represented by a single Tree. A tree's children are encoded as a lis...
A demonstration showing how Trees and Trees can be used. This demonstration creates a Tree, and loads a Tree from the Treebank corpus, and shows the results of calling several of their methods.
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import re from nltk.tree.tree import Tree The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `bracket_parse` function. Write a Python function `def bracket_parse(s)` to solve the following problem: Use Tree.read(s, remove_empty_top_bracketing=True) instead. Here is the function: def brack...
Use Tree.read(s, remove_empty_top_bracketing=True) instead.
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import re from nltk.tree.tree import Tree class Tree(list): r""" A Tree represents a hierarchical grouping of leaves and subtrees. For example, each constituent in a syntax tree is represented by a single Tree. A tree's children are encoded as a list of leaves and subtrees, where a leaf is a basic...
Parse a Sinica Treebank string and return a tree. Trees are represented as nested brackettings, as shown in the following example (X represents a Chinese character): S(goal:NP(Head:Nep:XX)|theme:NP(Head:Nhaa:X)|quantity:Dab:X|Head:VL2:X)#0(PERIODCATEGORY) :return: A tree corresponding to the string representation. :rty...
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find _is_value = re.compile(r"\S") The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `to_sfm_string` function. Write a Python f...
Return a string with a standard format representation of the toolbox data in tree (tree can be a toolbox database or a single record). :param tree: flat representation of toolbox data (whole database or single record) :type tree: ElementTree._ElementInterface :param encoding: Name of an encoding to use. :type encoding:...
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `remove_blanks` function. Write a Python function `def remove_blanks(ele...
Remove all elements and subelements with no text and no child elements. :param elem: toolbox data in an elementtree structure :type elem: ElementTree._ElementInterface
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find def find(resource_name, paths=None): """ Find the given resource by searching through the directories and zip files in paths, where a None ...
Add blank elements and subelements specified in default_fields. :param elem: toolbox data in an elementtree structure :type elem: ElementTree._ElementInterface :param default_fields: fields to add to each type of element and subelement :type default_fields: dict(tuple)
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find def _sort_fields(elem, orders_dicts): """sort the children of elem""" try: order = orders_dicts[elem.tag] except KeyError: p...
Sort the elements and subelements in order specified in field_orders. :param elem: toolbox data in an elementtree structure :type elem: ElementTree._ElementInterface :param field_orders: order of fields for each type of element and subelement :type field_orders: dict(tuple)
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `add_blank_lines` function. Write a Python function `def add_blank_lines...
Add blank lines before all elements and subelements specified in blank_before. :param elem: toolbox data in an elementtree structure :type elem: ElementTree._ElementInterface :param blank_before: elements and subelements to add blank lines before :type blank_before: dict(tuple)
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import codecs import re from io import StringIO from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, SubElement, TreeBuilder from nltk.data import PathPointer, find class ToolboxData(StandardFormat): def parse(self, grammar=None, **kwargs): if grammar: return self._chunk_parse(grammar=grammar...
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import array import math import random import warnings from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from collections import Counter, defaultdict from functools import reduce from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types _NINF = float("-1e300") def add_logs(logx, logy): def reduce(function: Callable[[_T, _S], _T], sequ...
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import array import math import random import warnings from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from collections import Counter, defaultdict from functools import reduce from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types def _get_kwarg(kwargs, key, default): if key in kwargs: arg = kwargs[key] del k...
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import array import math import random import warnings from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from collections import Counter, defaultdict from functools import reduce from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types class FreqDist(Counter): """ A frequency distribution for the outcomes of an experiment. A ...
A demonstration of frequency distributions and probability distributions. This demonstration creates three frequency distributions with, and uses them to sample a random process with ``numsamples`` samples. Each frequency distribution is sampled ``numoutcomes`` times. These three frequency distributions are then used t...
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import array import math import random import warnings from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from collections import Counter, defaultdict from functools import reduce from nltk.internals import raise_unorderable_types class FreqDist(Counter): def __init__(self, samples=None): def N(self): def __setitem...
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import copy import random import sys try: import numpy except ImportError: pass from nltk.cluster.util import VectorSpaceClusterer class KMeansClusterer(VectorSpaceClusterer): """ The K-means clusterer starts with k arbitrary chosen means then allocates each vector to the cluster with the closest me...
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import copy from abc import abstractmethod from math import sqrt from sys import stdout try: import numpy except ImportError: pass from nltk.cluster.api import ClusterI def sqrt(__x: SupportsFloat) -> float: ... The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `cosine_distance` f...
Returns 1 minus the cosine of the angle between vectors v and u. This is equal to ``1 - (u.v / |u||v|)``.
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try: import numpy except ImportError: pass from nltk.cluster.util import Dendrogram, VectorSpaceClusterer, cosine_distance class GAAClusterer(VectorSpaceClusterer): """ The Group Average Agglomerative starts with each of the N vectors as singleton clusters. It then iteratively merges pairs of cluste...
Non-interactive demonstration of the clusterers with simple 2-D data.
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try: import numpy except ImportError: pass from nltk.cluster.util import VectorSpaceClusterer class EMClusterer(VectorSpaceClusterer): """ The Gaussian EM clusterer models the vectors as being produced by a mixture of k Gaussian sources. The parameters of these sources (prior probability, mean a...
Non-interactive demonstration of the clusterers with simple 2-D data.
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import codecs import functools import os import pickle import re import sys import textwrap import zipfile from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from gzip import WRITE as GZ_WRITE from gzip import GzipFile from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper from urllib.request import url2pathname, urlopen from nltk import grammar,...
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import codecs import functools import os import pickle import re import sys import textwrap import zipfile from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from gzip import WRITE as GZ_WRITE from gzip import GzipFile from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper from urllib.request import url2pathname, urlopen from nltk import grammar,...
Copy the given resource to a local file. If no filename is specified, then use the URL's filename. If there is already a file named ``filename``, then raise a ``ValueError``. :type resource_url: str :param resource_url: A URL specifying where the resource should be loaded from. The default protocol is "nltk:", which se...
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import codecs import functools import os import pickle import re import sys import textwrap import zipfile from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from gzip import WRITE as GZ_WRITE from gzip import GzipFile from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper from urllib.request import url2pathname, urlopen from nltk import grammar,...
Write out a grammar file, ignoring escaped and empty lines. :type resource_url: str :param resource_url: A URL specifying where the resource should be loaded from. The default protocol is "nltk:", which searches for the file in the the NLTK data package. :type escape: str :param escape: Prepended string that signals li...
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import codecs import functools import os import pickle import re import sys import textwrap import zipfile from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from gzip import WRITE as GZ_WRITE from gzip import GzipFile from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper from urllib.request import url2pathname, urlopen from nltk import grammar,...
Remove all objects from the resource cache. :see: load()
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE The provided code snippet includes necessary dependenc...
A timer decorator to measure execution performance of methods.
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE def extract_unigram_feats(document, unigrams, handle_ne...
Train and test Naive Bayes classifier on 10000 tweets, tokenized using TweetTokenizer. Features are composed of: - 1000 most frequent unigrams - 100 top bigrams (using BigramAssocMeasures.pmi) :param trainer: `train` method of a classifier. :param n_instances: the number of total tweets that have to be used for trainin...
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE def extract_unigram_feats(document, unigrams, handle_ne...
Train classifier on all instances of the Movie Reviews dataset. The corpus has been preprocessed using the default sentence tokenizer and WordPunctTokenizer. Features are composed of: - most frequent unigrams :param trainer: `train` method of a classifier. :param n_instances: the number of total reviews that have to be...
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE def demo_subjectivity(trainer, save_analyzer=False, n_i...
Classify a single sentence as subjective or objective using a stored SentimentAnalyzer. :param text: a sentence whose subjectivity has to be classified.
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE def _show_plot(x_values, y_values, x_labels=None, y_lab...
Basic example of sentiment classification using Liu and Hu opinion lexicon. This function simply counts the number of positive, negative and neutral words in the sentence and classifies it depending on which polarity is more represented. Words that do not appear in the lexicon are considered as neutral. :param sentence...
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE The provided code snippet includes necessary dependenc...
Output polarity scores for a text using Vader approach. :param text: a text whose polarity has to be evaluated.
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import codecs import csv import json import pickle import random import re import sys import time from copy import deepcopy import nltk from nltk.corpus import CategorizedPlaintextCorpusReader from nltk.data import load from nltk.tokenize.casual import EMOTICON_RE def output_markdown(filename, **kwargs): """ Wr...
Classify 10000 positive and negative tweets using Vader approach. :param n_instances: the number of total tweets that have to be classified. :param output: the output file where results have to be reported.
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict def extract_rels(subjclass, objclass, doc, corpus="ace", pattern=None, window=10): """ Filter the output of ``semi_rel2reldict`` according to specified NE classes and a filler pattern. The parameters ``subjclass`` and ``objclass`` can be used to rest...
Select pairs of organizations and locations whose mentions occur with an intervening occurrence of the preposition "in". If the sql parameter is set to True, then the entity pairs are loaded into an in-memory database, and subsequently pulled out using an SQL "SELECT" query.
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict def extract_rels(subjclass, objclass, doc, corpus="ace", pattern=None, window=10): """ Filter the output of ``semi_rel2reldict`` according to specified NE classes and a filler pattern. The parameters ``subjclass`` and ``objclass`` can be used to rest...
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict ieer: IEERCorpusReader = LazyCorpusLoader("ieer", IEERCorpusReader, r"(?!README|\.).*") def ieer_headlines(): from nltk.corpus import ieer from nltk.tree import Tree print("IEER: First 20 Headlines") print("=" * 45) trees = [ (do...
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict def extract_rels(subjclass, objclass, doc, corpus="ace", pattern=None, window=10): """ Filter the output of ``semi_rel2reldict`` according to specified NE classes and a filler pattern. The parameters ``subjclass`` and ``objclass`` can be used to rest...
Find the copula+'van' relation ('of') in the Dutch tagged training corpus from CoNLL 2002.
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict def extract_rels(subjclass, objclass, doc, corpus="ace", pattern=None, window=10): def clause(reldict, relsym): conll2002: ConllChunkCorpusReader = LazyCorpusLoader( "conll2002", ConllChunkCorpusReader, r".*\.(test|train).*", ("LOC", "PER", "ORG...
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import html import re from collections import defaultdict def extract_rels(subjclass, objclass, doc, corpus="ace", pattern=None, window=10): def rtuple(reldict, lcon=False, rcon=False): def ne_chunked(): print() print("1500 Sentences from Penn Treebank, as processed by NLTK NE Chunker") print("=" * 45) ...
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import codecs from nltk.sem import evaluate def interpret_sents(inputs, grammar, semkey="SEM", trace=0): """ Add the semantic representation to each syntactic parse tree of each input sentence. :param inputs: a list of sentences :type inputs: list(str) :param grammar: ``FeatureGrammar`` or name ...
Check that interpret_sents() is compatible with legacy grammars that use a lowercase 'sem' feature. Define 'test.fcfg' to be the following
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import codecs from nltk.sem import evaluate def interpret_sents(inputs, grammar, semkey="SEM", trace=0): """ Add the semantic representation to each syntactic parse tree of each input sentence. :param inputs: a list of sentences :type inputs: list(str) :param grammar: ``FeatureGrammar`` or name ...
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from nltk.parse import load_parser from nltk.parse.featurechart import InstantiateVarsChart from nltk.sem.logic import ApplicationExpression, LambdaExpression, Variable class CooperStore: """ A container for handling quantifier ambiguity via Cooper storage. """ def __init__(self, featstruct): ""...
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import os from itertools import chain import nltk from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.sem import drt, linearlogic from nltk.sem.logic import ( AbstractVariableExpression, Expression, LambdaExpression, Variable, VariableExpression, ) from nltk.tag import BigramTagger, RegexpTagger, TrigramTa...
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from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.sem.logic import APP, LogicParser class Expression: def fromstring(cls, s): def applyto(self, other, other_indices=None): def __call__(self, other): def __repr__(self): def demo(): lexpr = Expression.fromstring print(lexpr(r"f")) print(lexpr...
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from nltk.parse import MaltParser from nltk.sem.drt import DrsDrawer, DrtVariableExpression from nltk.sem.glue import DrtGlue from nltk.sem.logic import Variable from nltk.tag import RegexpTagger from nltk.util import in_idle class DrtGlueDemo: def __init__(self, examples): # Set up the main window. ...
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class Tokens: LAMBDA = "\\" LAMBDA_LIST = ["\\"] # Quantifiers EXISTS = "exists" EXISTS_LIST = ["some", "exists", "exist"] ALL ...
Boolean operators
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class Tokens: LAMBDA = "\\" LAMBDA_LIST = ["\\"] # Quantifiers EXISTS = "exists" EXISTS_LIST = ["some", "exists", "exist"] ALL ...
Equality predicates
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class Tokens: LAMBDA = "\\" LAMBDA_LIST = ["\\"] # Quantifiers EXISTS = "exists" EXISTS_LIST = ["some", "exists", "exist"] ALL ...
Binding operators
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class LogicParser: """A lambda calculus expression parser.""" def __init__(self, type_check=False): """ :param type_check: shou...
Convert a file of First Order Formulas into a list of {Expression}s. :param s: the contents of the file :type s: str :param logic_parser: The parser to be used to parse the logical expression :type logic_parser: LogicParser :param encoding: the encoding of the input string, if it is binary :type encoding: str :return: ...
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class ComplexType(Type): def __init__(self, first, second): assert isinstance(first, Type), "%s is not a Type" % first assert isins...
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie The provided code snippet includes necessary dependencies for implementing the `typecheck` function. Write a Python function `def typecheck(expression...
Ensure correct typing across a collection of ``Expression`` objects. :param expressions: a collection of expressions :param signature: dict that maps variable names to types (or string representations of types)
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie class Variable: def __init__(self, name): """ :param name: the name of the variable """ assert isinstance(name, str...
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie def demoException(s): try: Expression.fromstring(s) except LogicalExpressionException as e: print(f"{e.__class__.__name__}: {e}...
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import operator import re from collections import defaultdict from functools import reduce, total_ordering from nltk.internals import Counter from nltk.util import Trie def printtype(ex): print(f"{ex.str()} : {ex.type}")
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from functools import reduce from nltk.parse import load_parser from nltk.sem.logic import ( AllExpression, AndExpression, ApplicationExpression, ExistsExpression, IffExpression, ImpExpression, LambdaExpression, NegatedExpression, OrExpression, ) from nltk.sem.skolemize import skolem...
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import os import re import shelve import sys import nltk.data def _str2records(filename, rel): """ Read a file into memory and convert each relation clause into a list. """ recs = [] contents = nltk.data.load("corpora/chat80/%s" % filename, format="text") for line in contents.splitlines(): ...
Convert a file of Prolog clauses into a database table. This is not generic, since it doesn't allow arbitrary schemas to be set as a parameter. Intended usage:: cities2table('cities.pl', 'city', 'city.db', verbose=True, setup=True) :param filename: filename containing the relations :type filename: str :param rel_name: ...
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import os import re import shelve import sys import nltk.data def process_bundle(rels): """ Given a list of relation metadata bundles, make a corresponding dictionary of concepts, indexed by the relation name. :param rels: bundle of metadata needed for constructing a concept :type rels: list(dict) ...
Make a ``Valuation`` from a list of relation metadata bundles and dump to persistent database. :param rels: bundle of metadata needed for constructing a concept :type rels: list of dict :param db: name of file to which data is written. The suffix '.db' will be automatically appended. :type db: str