gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-900 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a706 | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | What species is found ranging from Canada to Utah? | What species is found ranging from Canada to Utah? | [
"What species is found ranging from Canada to Utah?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-901 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a707 | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear? | How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear? | [
"How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-902 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a708 | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | How many whooping cranes were there in 1890? | How many whooping cranes were there in 1890? | [
"How many whooping cranes were there in 1890?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-903 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a709 | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | What was passed in 1941? | What was passed in 1941? | [
"What was passed in 1941?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-904 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a70a | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | What year did the whooping crane begin to get attention? | What year did the whooping crane begin to get attention? | [
"What year did the whooping crane begin to get attention?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-905 | 572e9100c246551400ce434e | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce? | What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce? | [
"What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lacey Act of 1900"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-906 | 572e9100c246551400ce434f | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit? | What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit? | [
"What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit?"
] | {
"text": [
"interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-907 | 572e9100c246551400ce4350 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What wildlife was covered by the first federal wildlife commerce regulation? | What wildlife was covered by the first federal wildlife commerce regulation? | [
"What wildlife was covered by the first federal wildlife commerce regulation?"
] | {
"text": [
"all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-908 | 572e9100c246551400ce4351 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What law passed in 1940 regarding the population of the U.S. national bird? | What law passed in 1940 regarding the population of the U.S. national bird? | [
"What law passed in 1940 regarding the population of the U.S. national bird?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-909 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a710 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What legislation was considered costly? | What legislation was considered costly? | [
"What legislation was considered costly?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-910 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a711 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What was the first federal treaty? | What was the first federal treaty? | [
"What was the first federal treaty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-911 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a712 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What did the first federal law on wildlife allow regarding interstate commerce? | What did the first federal law on wildlife allow regarding interstate commerce? | [
"What did the first federal law on wildlife allow regarding interstate commerce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-912 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a713 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What was the name of the 1937 treaty? | What was the name of the 1937 treaty? | [
"What was the name of the 1937 treaty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-913 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a714 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | Which laws faced significant opposition? | Which laws faced significant opposition? | [
"Which laws faced significant opposition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-914 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d0 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do? | What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do? | [
"What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"list endangered domestic fish and wildlife"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-915 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d1 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase? | The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase? | [
"The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase?"
] | {
"text": [
"$15 million per year"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-916 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d2 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization? | The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization? | [
"The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"the National Wildlife Refuge System"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-917 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d3 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce? | How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce? | [
"How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce?"
] | {
"text": [
"The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-918 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d4 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act? | How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act? | [
"How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-919 | 5a84524f7cf838001a46a71a | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | How much could the Act spend per year? | How much could the Act spend per year? | [
"How much could the Act spend per year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-920 | 5a84524f7cf838001a46a71b | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | Who runs the United States Fish and Wildlife Service? | Who runs the United States Fish and Wildlife Service? | [
"Who runs the United States Fish and Wildlife Service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-921 | 5a84524f7cf838001a46a71c | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | What commerce did the ESA affect? | What commerce did the ESA affect? | [
"What commerce did the ESA affect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-922 | 5a84524f7cf838001a46a71d | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | What animals could not be listed as endangered due to this act? | What animals could not be listed as endangered due to this act? | [
"What animals could not be listed as endangered due to this act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-923 | 5a84524f7cf838001a46a71e | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | What did the National Wildlife Refuge System preserve? | What did the National Wildlife Refuge System preserve? | [
"What did the National Wildlife Refuge System preserve?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-924 | 572e92b1cb0c0d14000f12da | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species? | What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species? | [
"What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Class of '67\""
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-925 | 572e92b1cb0c0d14000f12db | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What was concluded to be the biggest threat to the listed species? | What was concluded to be the biggest threat to the listed species? | [
"What was concluded to be the biggest threat to the listed species?"
] | {
"text": [
"habitat destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-926 | 572e92b1cb0c0d14000f12dc | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | How was the first listing limited in what species were listed? | How was the first listing limited in what species were listed? | [
"How was the first listing limited in what species were listed?"
] | {
"text": [
"It included only vertebrates"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-927 | 572e92b1cb0c0d14000f12dd | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | How did being listed initially impact species? | How did being listed initially impact species? | [
"How did being listed initially impact species?"
] | {
"text": [
"the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-928 | 5a8453337cf838001a46a738 | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | How many species are currently listed? | How many species are currently listed? | [
"How many species are currently listed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-929 | 5a8453337cf838001a46a739 | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What type of animal was not included in Volume 1? | What type of animal was not included in Volume 1? | [
"What type of animal was not included in Volume 1?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-930 | 5a8453337cf838001a46a73a | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What volume was published in 1969? | What volume was published in 1969? | [
"What volume was published in 1969?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-931 | 5a8453337cf838001a46a73b | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What threat towards species has been neutralized? | What threat towards species has been neutralized? | [
"What threat towards species has been neutralized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-932 | 5a8453337cf838001a46a73c | Endangered_Species_Act | This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition... | What is the Endangered Species Act of 1969 referred to as? | What is the Endangered Species Act of 1969 referred to as? | [
"What is the Endangered Species Act of 1969 referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-933 | 572e937adfa6aa1500f8d179 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | When was the Endangered Species Conservation Act passed? | When was the Endangered Species Conservation Act passed? | [
"When was the Endangered Species Conservation Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"December, 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-934 | 572e937adfa6aa1500f8d17a | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | How did the Endangered Species Conservation Act benefit endangered species? | How did the Endangered Species Conservation Act benefit endangered species? | [
"How did the Endangered Species Conservation Act benefit endangered species?"
] | {
"text": [
"by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-935 | 572e937adfa6aa1500f8d17b | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What did the Endangered Species Conservation Act add to the wildlife definition of the Lacey Act? | What did the Endangered Species Conservation Act add to the wildlife definition of the Lacey Act? | [
"What did the Endangered Species Conservation Act add to the wildlife definition of the Lacey Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-936 | 572e937adfa6aa1500f8d17c | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What two reptiles were particularly of interest for the inclusion of "reptiles" in the Endangered Species Conservation Act? | What two reptiles were particularly of interest for the inclusion of "reptiles" in the Endangered Species Conservation Act? | [
"What two reptiles were particularly of interest for the inclusion of \"reptiles\" in the Endangered Species Conservation Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"alligators and crocodiles"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-937 | 572e937adfa6aa1500f8d17d | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What important precedent did this set for invertebrates? | What important precedent did this set for invertebrates? | [
"What important precedent did this set for invertebrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"This law was the first time that invertebrates were included for protection"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-938 | 5a8454087cf838001a46a74a | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What repealed the Lacey Act? | What repealed the Lacey Act? | [
"What repealed the Lacey Act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-939 | 5a8454087cf838001a46a74b | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What is the identification number for the Lacey Act? | What is the identification number for the Lacey Act? | [
"What is the identification number for the Lacey Act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-940 | 5a8454087cf838001a46a74c | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | Why were mammals added to the protected species list? | Why were mammals added to the protected species list? | [
"Why were mammals added to the protected species list?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-941 | 5a8454087cf838001a46a74d | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | When was the Lacey Act passed? | When was the Lacey Act passed? | [
"When was the Lacey Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-942 | 5a8454087cf838001a46a74e | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ... | What was excluded in the 1969 law? | What was excluded in the 1969 law? | [
"What was excluded in the 1969 law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-943 | 572e94b2c246551400ce437c | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973? | Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973? | [
"Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dr. Russell E. Train"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-944 | 572e94b2c246551400ce437d | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization? | The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization? | [
"The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Council on Environmental Quality"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-945 | 572e94b2c246551400ce437e | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act? | Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act? | [
"Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dr. Gerard A. \"Jerry\" Bertrand"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-946 | 572e94b2c246551400ce437f | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species? | Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species? | [
"Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dr. Earl Baysinger"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-947 | 572e94b2c246551400ce4380 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973? | What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973? | [
"What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 93rd United States Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-948 | 5a845daa7cf838001a46a794 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | What did the 93rd Congress declare inadequate? | What did the 93rd Congress declare inadequate? | [
"What did the 93rd Congress declare inadequate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-949 | 5a845daa7cf838001a46a795 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | Who was the 93rd US President? | Who was the 93rd US President? | [
"Who was the 93rd US President?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-950 | 5a845daa7cf838001a46a796 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | What law did Nixon rewrite? | What law did Nixon rewrite? | [
"What law did Nixon rewrite?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-951 | 5a845daa7cf838001a46a797 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | What section of the act did Dr. Train write? | What section of the act did Dr. Train write? | [
"What section of the act did Dr. Train write?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-952 | 5a845daa7cf838001a46a798 | Endangered_Species_Act | President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973... | What grew out of CEQ? | What grew out of CEQ? | [
"What grew out of CEQ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-953 | 572ea0a603f989190075685b | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list? | How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list? | [
"How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list?"
] | {
"text": [
"two ways"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-954 | 572ea0a603f989190075685c | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | What federal program is used to list a species? | What federal program is used to list a species? | [
"What federal program is used to list a species?"
] | {
"text": [
"candidate assessment program"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-955 | 572ea0a603f989190075685d | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list | How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list | [
"How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list"
] | {
"text": [
"90-day screening period"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-956 | 572ea0a603f989190075685e | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | In the case of vertebrates, what is the most lenient interpretation of "species"? | In the case of vertebrates, what is the most lenient interpretation of "species"? | [
"In the case of vertebrates, what is the most lenient interpretation of \"species\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"a \"distinct population segment.\""
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-957 | 5a845f1f7cf838001a46a79e | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | How many ways FWS list a species? | How many ways FWS list a species? | [
"How many ways FWS list a species?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-958 | 5a845f1f7cf838001a46a79f | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | Who does the FWS or NMFS have to petition to list a species? | Who does the FWS or NMFS have to petition to list a species? | [
"Who does the FWS or NMFS have to petition to list a species?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-959 | 5a845f1f7cf838001a46a7a0 | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | How long does an individual have to petition the FWS? | How long does an individual have to petition the FWS? | [
"How long does an individual have to petition the FWS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-960 | 5a845f1f7cf838001a46a7a1 | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | In what case does a distinct population segment not count? | In what case does a distinct population segment not count? | [
"In what case does a distinct population segment not count?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-961 | 5a845f1f7cf838001a46a7a2 | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | What is another name for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)? | What is another name for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)? | [
"What is another name for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-962 | 572ea2e7dfa6aa1500f8d237 | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | What word was added to the Endangered Species Act in 1982? | What word was added to the Endangered Species Act in 1982? | [
"What word was added to the Endangered Species Act in 1982?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"solely\""
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-963 | 572ea2e7dfa6aa1500f8d238 | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | Because of the change to the Endangered Species Act in 1982, what is the only consideration for being listed as endangered? | Because of the change to the Endangered Species Act in 1982, what is the only consideration for being listed as endangered? | [
"Because of the change to the Endangered Species Act in 1982, what is the only consideration for being listed as endangered?"
] | {
"text": [
"the biological status of the species"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-964 | 572ea2e7dfa6aa1500f8d239 | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | Which president issued an Executive Order that required financial consideration of all government actions? | Which president issued an Executive Order that required financial consideration of all government actions? | [
"Which president issued an Executive Order that required financial consideration of all government actions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ronald Reagan"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-965 | 572ea2e7dfa6aa1500f8d23a | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed? | What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed? | [
"What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress rejected"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-966 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7a8 | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | When are economic factors considered? | When are economic factors considered? | [
"When are economic factors considered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-967 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7a9 | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | When was Executive Order 12291 put into place? | When was Executive Order 12291 put into place? | [
"When was Executive Order 12291 put into place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-968 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7aa | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | Which president added the word "solely" to the ESA? | Which president added the word "solely" to the ESA? | [
"Which president added the word \"solely\" to the ESA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-969 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7ab | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status? | What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status? | [
"What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-970 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7ac | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | Whose order did President Reagan reject? | Whose order did President Reagan reject? | [
"Whose order did President Reagan reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-971 | 572ea3ab03f9891900756893 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | How is public notice given regarding a listing? | How is public notice given regarding a listing? | [
"How is public notice given regarding a listing?"
] | {
"text": [
"through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-972 | 572ea3ab03f9891900756894 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested? | How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested? | [
"How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested?"
] | {
"text": [
"45 days"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-973 | 572ea3ab03f9891900756895 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | Do listing notices cross international soil? | Do listing notices cross international soil? | [
"Do listing notices cross international soil?"
] | {
"text": [
"Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-974 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b2 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | How are policy changes communicated to state and counties? | How are policy changes communicated to state and counties? | [
"How are policy changes communicated to state and counties?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-975 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b3 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | How long does a public hearing last? | How long does a public hearing last? | [
"How long does a public hearing last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-976 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b4 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | What case took 45 days to be heard? | What case took 45 days to be heard? | [
"What case took 45 days to be heard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-977 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b5 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | Which court publishes legal notices? | Which court publishes legal notices? | [
"Which court publishes legal notices?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-978 | 5a8460d97cf838001a46a7b6 | Endangered_Species_Act | Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and c... | What is not given to foreign nations? | What is not given to foreign nations? | [
"What is not given to foreign nations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-979 | 572eb0fecb0c0d14000f1488 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations? | What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations? | [
"What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Section 4"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-980 | 572eb0fecb0c0d14000f1489 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | Critical habitat regulation links what two topics? | Critical habitat regulation links what two topics? | [
"Critical habitat regulation links what two topics?"
] | {
"text": [
"habitat protection and recovery goals"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-981 | 572eb0fecb0c0d14000f148a | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What does critical habitat regulation require? | What does critical habitat regulation require? | [
"What does critical habitat regulation require?"
] | {
"text": [
"the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-982 | 572eb0fecb0c0d14000f148b | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife? | What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife? | [
"What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife?"
] | {
"text": [
"seed germination and dispersal needs"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-983 | 5a8462357cf838001a46a7c6 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What section establishes recovery goals? | What section establishes recovery goals? | [
"What section establishes recovery goals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-984 | 5a8462357cf838001a46a7c7 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What type of link is formed between identification and protection? | What type of link is formed between identification and protection? | [
"What type of link is formed between identification and protection?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-985 | 5a8462357cf838001a46a7c8 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What are cataloguing disturbances are not necessary for determining? | What are cataloguing disturbances are not necessary for determining? | [
"What are cataloguing disturbances are not necessary for determining?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-986 | 5a8462357cf838001a46a7c9 | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What are water and air unnecessary for? | What are water and air unnecessary for? | [
"What are water and air unnecessary for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-987 | 5a8462357cf838001a46a7ca | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What does Section 4 separate? | What does Section 4 separate? | [
"What does Section 4 separate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-988 | 572eb28c03f9891900756977 | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | What does the Endangered Species Act detail about government action regarding critical habitats? | What does the Endangered Species Act detail about government action regarding critical habitats? | [
"What does the Endangered Species Act detail about government action regarding critical habitats?"
] | {
"text": [
"federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that \"destroy or adversely modify\" critical habitats"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-989 | 572eb28c03f9891900756978 | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | How are non-federal government activities that might impact critical habitat often subject to the Endangered Species Act? | How are non-federal government activities that might impact critical habitat often subject to the Endangered Species Act? | [
"How are non-federal government activities that might impact critical habitat often subject to the Endangered Species Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"require a federal permit"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-990 | 572eb28c03f9891900756979 | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | What are some non-regulation actions that critical habitats encourage? | What are some non-regulation actions that critical habitats encourage? | [
"What are some non-regulation actions that critical habitats encourage?"
] | {
"text": [
"land purchases, grant making, restoration, and establishment of reserves"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-991 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a858 | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | What are federal agencies allowed to do to critical habitats? | What are federal agencies allowed to do to critical habitats? | [
"What are federal agencies allowed to do to critical habitats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-992 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a859 | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | Which section applies to private landowners? | Which section applies to private landowners? | [
"Which section applies to private landowners?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-993 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a85a | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | What does not require a federal permit? | What does not require a federal permit? | [
"What does not require a federal permit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-994 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a85b | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | What requires voluntary actions? | What requires voluntary actions? | [
"What requires voluntary actions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-995 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a85c | Endangered_Species_Act | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | Which aspect applies to non-federal landowners? | Which aspect applies to non-federal landowners? | [
"Which aspect applies to non-federal landowners?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-996 | 572eb350c246551400ce452a | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | What is the time limit for designating a species critical habitat after the species has been added to the endangered list? | What is the time limit for designating a species critical habitat after the species has been added to the endangered list? | [
"What is the time limit for designating a species critical habitat after the species has been added to the endangered list?"
] | {
"text": [
"within one year"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-997 | 572eb350c246551400ce452b | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986? | Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986? | [
"Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Reagan Administration"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-998 | 572eb350c246551400ce452c | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | After the limitations placed on critical habitat were lifted by the courts, where were critical habitats established primarily? | After the limitations placed on critical habitat were lifted by the courts, where were critical habitats established primarily? | [
"After the limitations placed on critical habitat were lifted by the courts, where were critical habitats established primarily?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hawaii, California and other western states"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-999 | 572eb350c246551400ce452d | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | Where have the majority of critical habitats in the Midwest and Eastern states been located geographically? | Where have the majority of critical habitats in the Midwest and Eastern states been located geographically? | [
"Where have the majority of critical habitats in the Midwest and Eastern states been located geographically?"
] | {
"text": [
"primarily on rivers and coastlines"
],
"answer_start": [
751
]
} |
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