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6b0ea1712e706a46767a2d4c964bbcad0a81adac | the 2007 generac 500 at road america was | the 2007 generac 500 at road america was the eighth round of the 2007 american le mans series season. it took place at road america on august 11, 2007. due to heavy rain and lightning during the race, over an hour of this four-hour event was run continuously under caution due to unsafe conditions. | wikipedia |
3ef4f406a90eaf26a1e98cbb9af9f9d265f95ca7 | this article details the salford red devils rugby | this article details the salford red devils rugby league football club's 2014 season. this is the 19th season of the super league era. this will also be the 1st season that they have played under the red devils name. | wikipedia |
3ef4f406a90eaf26a1e98cbb9af9f9d265f95ca7 | this article details the salford red devils rugby | this article details the salford red devils rugby league football club's 2014 season. this is the 19th season of the super league era. this will also be the 1st season that they have played under the red devils name. | wikipedia |
6f9046f049ebae2f0354a20a7f85160b2087239d | this is a list, which includes a photographic | this is a list, which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the remaining structures and monuments, of historic significance in cave creek, a town in maricopa county, arizona. cave creek was first inhabited by the ancient native-american tribe known as the hohokam. the area, which in the 1800s belonged to mexico,... | wikipedia |
2e40e58ba0967b61818e71d0bab3f058aba4ad3e | on march 15, 2018, "the dome in the | on march 15, 2018, "the dome in the desert" a.k.a. "the dome" was listed in the national register of historic places, reference #100002208. the dome was built in 1949, and is located at 7199 e. grapevine road. its name comes from its shape and it function. the historical significance of this structure is the ideas and ... | wikipedia |
99b75cb3b21f0ce07bf7fe3935334d0e3bb3c111 | there are various historic properties and artifacts in | there are various historic properties and artifacts in the town of cave creek. two of the historic properties have been converted into restaurants. they are the cave creek inn and the cave creek service station. the cave creek inn was built in 1920 and is cave creek's longest operating commercial building. it is now oc... | wikipedia |
e261a8514d09b6e9a950b526a07ab236ba9ea826 | cave creek's preservation office does not have the | cave creek's preservation office does not have the ability to deny a demolition permit. therefore, the owner of a property, listed either in the national register of historic places, may demolish the historical property if he or she so wishes. according to jim mcpherson, arizona preservation foundation board president: | wikipedia |
e9270d767c3f8d6b1d4fc32cebed6abb2866298c | the land south of the black mountain was | the land south of the black mountain was opened in 1920 for homesteading. the climate of the area was considered favorable for those who suffered of tuberculosis and soon tuberculosis cabins were built in cave creek. located on the grounds of the cave creek museum is a tubercular cabin, which is listed in the national ... | wikipedia |
db084a47f6d97c2811c647f272de7e51a45224a0 | in 1873, cave creek established the cave creek | in 1873, cave creek established the cave creek mining district in an area which covered 144 square miles. william rowe located a rich gold mine on gold hill in 1874. this attracted miners and settlers to the area. the first recorded gold mine in the area was called the continental. another mine called the golden reef m... | wikipedia |
7343a6a6ef47f8173f0128b4f1e414b5a4e2f307 | major general george s. stoneman was the commanding | major general george s. stoneman was the commanding officer of the u.s. cavalry stationed in camp mcdowell (later renamed fort mcdowell) in what was then the united states territory of arizona. he wanted to establish a trail which would serve as a short cut between camp mcdowell and fort whipple in prescott, arizona. i... | wikipedia |
fc5b3e2b1e62b632fbc668fb7a46dac9bf3794a3 | cave creek and the surrounding area was inhabited | cave creek and the surrounding area was inhabited by the members of the hohokam indians. hohokam is a pima (o'odham) word used by archaeologists to identify a group of people who lived in the sonoran desert of north america. the hohokam may have been the ancestors of the historic akimel o'odham (pima) and tohono o'odha... | wikipedia |
bda2ffe8a002d4837baff70280d556a8b79d1b77 | this is a list, which includes a photographic | this is a list, which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the remaining structures and monuments, of historic significance in cave creek, a town in maricopa county, arizona. cave creek was first inhabited by the ancient native-american tribe known as the hohokam. the area, which in the 1800s belonged to mexico,... | wikipedia |
bec3db0378b4e179c057cb0d48a0960f8305efe6 | the 2014 men's ford national hockey league was | the 2014 men's ford national hockey league was the 16th edition of the men's field hockey tournament. the competition was held in various cities across new zealand, from 30 august to 14 september. auckland won the title for the fourth time, defeating midlands 3–0 in the final. canterbury finished in third place, defeat... | wikipedia |
51bf13502a8c721f8d7520b958c84c1a0200744a | the 2001–02 national division three south was the | the 2001–02 national division three south was the second season of the fourth division (south) of the english domestic rugby union competition using the name national division three south. new teams to the division included lydney and camberley who were relegated from the 2000–01 national division two while promoted te... | wikipedia |
07aa5e41d455c56040a2574e27d9ae71864e3094 | the league runners up of national division three | the league runners up of national division three south and north would meet in a playoff game for promotion to national division two. launceston were runners-up in the south and because they had a better league record than north runners-up, dudley kingswinford, they hosted the play-off match. | wikipedia |
f3a3a28c3103fab2f5ca955e8db2fa1ed46ea5b8 | two cornish teams dominated the division this season, | two cornish teams dominated the division this season, with penzance & newlyn finishing 1 point ahead of launceston to win the league title. launceston, as runners up, found themselves in a similar position to that of the previous year, where they needed to win a playoff against the runners up of the 2001–02 national di... | wikipedia |
803e41fafe8def84637338f5b5a4ecaf145894ce | the 2001–02 national division three south was the | the 2001–02 national division three south was the second season (fifteenth overall) of the fourth division (south) of the english domestic rugby union competition using the name national division three south. new teams to the division included lydney and camberley who were relegated from the 2000–01 national division t... | wikipedia |
219df6d812df256f7362b7d6b292c5315b3c92b6 | 18880 toddblumberg is a background asteroid from the | 18880 toddblumberg is a background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 10 december 1999, by linear at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site, near socorro, new mexico, united states. the asteroid was named after todd blumberg, a 2003... | wikipedia |
3cee58f4a7075cba1c1715419f7821784491bf10 | since 2001, hundreds of secondary school students who | since 2001, hundreds of secondary school students who have won awards at science fairs have had asteroids named after them. the approved naming citation was published by the minor planet center on 30 august 2004 (m.p.c. 52648). | wikipedia |
38d0299f16d88294e2303250315a7ee3c53966ab | this minor planet was named for todd james | this minor planet was named for todd james blumberg (born 1984), a student at the plano senior high school in plano, texas, who won the intel international science and engineering fair (isef) award for his microbiology project in 2003. | wikipedia |
ce6143ad7dd2ef95b5594e521d1bed3c7a7ec9a1 | toddblumberg orbits the sun in the outer main-belt | toddblumberg orbits the sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.8 au once every 5 years and 9 months (2,096 days). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 10 ° with respect to the ecliptic. the first precovery was taken at palomar observatory (dss) in 1953, extending the body's observation... | wikipedia |
a01dd0d216add457f287ab40825761131a5bc093 | 18880 toddblumberg (provisional designation 1999 xm) is a | 18880 toddblumberg (provisional designation 1999 xm) is a background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 10 december 1999, by linear at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site, near socorro, new mexico, united states. the asteroid was... | wikipedia |
b2c01d151f3d2dec038b519e9a9ddd49a7ad0580 | the 2005–06 omani league was the 30th edition | the 2005–06 omani league was the 30th edition of the top football league in oman. it began on 9 november 2005 and finished on 19 may 2006. dhofar s.c.s.c. were the defending champions, having won the 2004–05 omani league season. muscat club won 4-3 at home in their final league match against dhofar s.c.s.c. and emerged... | wikipedia |
5c09af2772662a14e5539328f8b9b32fc6e63017 | this season the league had decreased from 13 | this season the league had decreased from 13 to 12 teams. al-ahli club, al-ittihad club and al-khaboura sc were relegated to the second division league after finishing in the relegation zone in the 2004–05 season. the three relegated teams were replaced by second division league teams al-suwaiq club and mjees sc. | wikipedia |
b2c01d151f3d2dec038b519e9a9ddd49a7ad0580 | the 2005–06 omani league was the 30th edition | the 2005–06 omani league was the 30th edition of the top football league in oman. it began on 9 november 2005 and finished on 19 may 2006. dhofar s.c.s.c. were the defending champions, having won the 2004–05 omani league season. muscat club won 4-3 at home in their final league match against dhofar s.c.s.c. and emerged... | wikipedia |
cf7d9b7ee1f9ded9c5cf45eca07fc6355920af4e | odds ballklubb, commonly known as odd, is a | odds ballklubb, commonly known as odd, is a norwegian football club from skien. originally the football section of a multi-sports club, founded in 1894 nine years after the club's founding. all other sports than football were discontinued and the club became dedicated to football only. odd plays in the norwegian top di... | wikipedia |
cf7d9b7ee1f9ded9c5cf45eca07fc6355920af4e | odds ballklubb, commonly known as odd, is a | odds ballklubb, commonly known as odd, is a norwegian football club from skien. originally the football section of a multi-sports club, founded in 1894 nine years after the club's founding. all other sports than football were discontinued and the club became dedicated to football only. odd plays in the norwegian top di... | wikipedia |
59b4d0083bc7660e528fe14c5bf6b99ba366c031 | the 2017 missouri valley conference women's soccer tournament | the 2017 missouri valley conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the missouri valley conference held from october 29 through november 5, 2017. the opening round matches of the tournament were held at campus sites, while the semifinals and final took place at betty and bobby... | wikipedia |
59b4d0083bc7660e528fe14c5bf6b99ba366c031 | the 2017 missouri valley conference women's soccer tournament | the 2017 missouri valley conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the missouri valley conference held from october 29 through november 5, 2017. the opening round matches of the tournament were held at campus sites, while the semifinals and final took place at betty and bobby... | wikipedia |
58ff7772dc932960b625686bf35e1bb4ea08aa6e | the neshanic station lenticular truss bridge is a | the neshanic station lenticular truss bridge is a road bridge built over the south branch raritan river at neshanic station, new jersey. it was constructed by the berlin iron bridge co. in 1896. and listed on the national register of historic places as a contributing structure to the neshanic station historic district ... | wikipedia |
58ff7772dc932960b625686bf35e1bb4ea08aa6e | the neshanic station lenticular truss bridge is a | the neshanic station lenticular truss bridge is a road bridge built over the south branch raritan river at neshanic station, new jersey. it was constructed by the berlin iron bridge co. in 1896. and listed on the national register of historic places as a contributing structure to the neshanic station historic district ... | wikipedia |
1db1fee6fb2e6e3a848b63aa8fb6832346a76291 | artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are used | artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are used in video games for a wide variety of applications such as non-player character (npc) control and procedural content generation (pcg). machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses historical data to build predictive and analytical mode... | wikipedia |
6bafd099278d10f34ec0912d88c93df7c64416da | the 2014 research paper on "variational recurrent auto-encoders" | the 2014 research paper on "variational recurrent auto-encoders" attempted to generate music based on songs from 8 different video games. this project is one of the few conducted purely on video game music. the neural network in the project was able to generate data that was very similar to the data of the games it tra... | wikipedia |
2c996969b0907756a441c9d34bc56918445a3a23 | music is often seen in video games and | music is often seen in video games and can be a crucial element for influencing the mood of different situations and story points. machine learning has seen use in the experimental field of music generation; it is uniquely suited to processing raw unstructured data and forming high level representations that could be a... | wikipedia |
6725706127921838605a33fa3f2e0aee5c66a2bd | pcg level creation for the legend of zelda | pcg level creation for the legend of zelda has been attempted by researchers at the university of california, santa cruz. this attempt made use of a bayesian network to learn high level knowledge from existing levels, while principal component analysis (pca) was used to represent the different low level features of the... | wikipedia |
bd77ca5ee3965733f0de0e439ca5c4ee1bf11b6e | super mario bros. has been used by several | super mario bros. has been used by several researchers to simulate pcg level creation. various attempts having used different methods. a version in 2014 used n-grams to generate levels similar to the ones it trained on, which was later improved by making use of mcts to guide generation. these generations were often not... | wikipedia |
5df9f895e9f8ba81946da51ce6d2fe5b9c4b10f4 | each generated item is represented by a special | each generated item is represented by a special ann known as a compositional pattern producing network (cppns). during the evolutionary phase of the game cgneat calculates the fitness of current items based on player usage and other gameplay metrics, this fitness score is then used decide which cppns will reproduce to ... | wikipedia |
7e0ae344e5a29dd07a3c28b1bb0c52e0fd07f742 | galactic arms race is a space shooter video | galactic arms race is a space shooter video game that uses neuroevolution powered pcg to generate unique weapons for the player. this game was a finalist in the 2010 indie game challenge and its related research paper won the best paper award at the 2009 ieee conference on computational intelligence and games. the deve... | wikipedia |
c6e4def150e5c4b7f1689b0d0fb91150bf1f993e | machine learning has seen research for use in | machine learning has seen research for use in content recommendation and generation. procedural content generation is the process of creating data algorithmically rather than manually. this type of content is used to add replayability to games without relying on constant additions by human developers. pcg has been used... | wikipedia |
dcfbaf8bf458c4174828268e1b236422458b277d | researchers with openai created about 2000 hours of | researchers with openai created about 2000 hours of video plays of minecraft coded with the necessary human inputs, and then trained a machine learning model to comprehend the video feedback from the input. the researchers then used that model with 70,000 hours of minecraft playthroughs offered on youtube to see how we... | wikipedia |
41a4229b80f811f084a5ebfe867394de8f806c43 | doom (1993) is a first-person shooter (fps) game. | doom (1993) is a first-person shooter (fps) game. student researchers from carnegie mellon university used computer vision techniques to create an agent that could play the game using only image pixel input from the game. the students used convolutional neural network (cnn) layers to interpret incoming image data and o... | wikipedia |
58d348c9e2b45bbace127e6b9ca82c3bc8d8d42b | in 2013, a team at deepmind demonstrated the | in 2013, a team at deepmind demonstrated the use of deep q-learning to play a variety of atari video games — beamrider, breakout, enduro, pong, q*bert, seaquest, and space invaders — from screen data. the team expanded their work to create a learning algorithm called muzero that was able to "learn" the rules and develo... | wikipedia |
2dfb09d812bd3e6ecf7712d493729fe053fbb925 | computer vision focuses on training computers to gain | computer vision focuses on training computers to gain a high-level understanding of digital images or videos. many computer vision techniques also incorporate forms of machine learning, and have been applied on various video games. this application of computer vision focuses on interpreting game events using visual dat... | wikipedia |
002706365dd7112e277a86215f3fd54a2061abe5 | machine learning agents have shown great success in | machine learning agents have shown great success in a variety of different games. however, agents that are too competent also risk making games too difficult for new or casual players. research has shown that challenge that is too far above a player's skill level will ruin lower player enjoyment. these highly trained a... | wikipedia |
3b3f0c57d4b64b30ba4c7d9126f7b1f870dd0208 | the problem of effectively training ann based models | the problem of effectively training ann based models extends beyond powerful hardware environments; finding a good way to represent data and learn meaningful things from it is also often a difficult problem. ann models often overfit to very specific data and perform poorly in more generalized cases. alphastar shows thi... | wikipedia |
5c7d876e6534999028303bd0eddcbd8ad1bf6322 | machine learning agents are often not covered in | machine learning agents are often not covered in many game design courses. previous use of machine learning agents in games may not have been very practical, as even the 2015 version of alphago took hundreds of cpus and gpus to train to a strong level. this potentially limits the creation of highly effective deep learn... | wikipedia |
9f8b6ed637e8c9fd1c6729ca9e21158a10027870 | alphazero is a modified version of alphago zero | alphazero is a modified version of alphago zero which is able to play shogi, chess, and go. the modified agent starts with only basic rules of the game, and is also trained entirely through self-learning. deepmind was able to train this generalized agent to be competitive with previous versions of itself on go, as well... | wikipedia |
54d11e58f2b446375175781fcf0aede5f87682c6 | supreme commander 2 is a real-time strategy (rts) | supreme commander 2 is a real-time strategy (rts) video game. the game uses multilayer perceptrons (mlps) to control a platoon’s reaction to encountered enemy units. total of four mlps are used, one for each platoon type: land, naval, bomber, and fighter. | wikipedia |
51ecc6ac82568d5be925f39b34e46be2eeb58357 | openai five utilized separate lstm networks to learn | openai five utilized separate lstm networks to learn each hero. it trained using a reinforcement learning technique known as proximal policy learning running on a system containing 256 gpus and 128,000 cpu cores. five trained for months, accumulating 180 years of game experience each day, before facing off with profess... | wikipedia |
49079574fbf6fab9726cc13505beb1743570fc89 | dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena | dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena (moba) game. like other complex games, traditional ai agents have not been able to compete on the same level as professional human player. the only widely published information on ai agents attempted on dota 2 is openai 's deep learning five agent. | wikipedia |
dbbd8cd5afc01aebda603aacf8fccf5d67b32515 | alphastar was the first ai agent to beat | alphastar was the first ai agent to beat professional starcraft 2 players without any in-game advantages. the deep learning network of the agent initially received input from a simplified zoomed out version of the gamestate, but was later updated to play using a camera like other human players. the developers have not ... | wikipedia |
b73dc83460f52f4539102f8c26f92797290e2bae | starcraft and its sequel starcraft ii are real-time | starcraft and its sequel starcraft ii are real-time strategy (rts) video games that have become popular environments for ai research. blizzard and deepmind have worked together to release a public starcraft 2 environment for ai research to be done on. various deep learning methods have been tested on both games, though... | wikipedia |
6b45207dbd564ff951bf9040c1f81f8cf3a17997 | google's 2015 alphago was the first ai agent | google's 2015 alphago was the first ai agent to beat a professional go player. alphago used a deep learning model to train the weights of a monte carlo tree search (mcts). the deep learning model consisted of 2 ann, a policy network to predict the probabilities of potential moves by opponents, and a value network to pr... | wikipedia |
41f9419889d7b49b1bb00ca15ad2f955f5f7bdaa | go is another turn-based strategy game which is | go is another turn-based strategy game which is considered an even more difficult ai problem than chess. the state space of is go is around 10^170 possible board states compared to the 10^120 board states for chess. prior to recent deep learning models, ai go agents were only able to play at the level of a human amateu... | wikipedia |
069e92191f0a53b66fe684285589640362309db0 | chess is a turn-based strategy game that is | chess is a turn-based strategy game that is considered a difficult ai problem due to the computational complexity of its board space. similar strategy games are often solved with some form of a minimax tree search. these types of ai agents have been known to beat professional human players, such as the historic 1997 de... | wikipedia |
16b673ea7132b0dab3b25e34effde3c0f0e73af1 | machine learning agents have been used to take | machine learning agents have been used to take the place of a human player rather than function as npcs, which are deliberately added into video games as part of designed gameplay. deep learning agents have achieved impressive results when used in competition with both humans and other artificial intelligence agents. | wikipedia |
2bb82c38f8dfc2fc798ce8aec980badec48944d8 | neuroevolution involves the use of both neural networks | neuroevolution involves the use of both neural networks and evolutionary algorithms. instead of using gradient descent like most neural networks, neuroevolution models make use of evolutionary algorithms to update neurons in the network. researchers claim that this process is less likely to get stuck in a local minimum... | wikipedia |
19e7a7f417ec02ab973bcb9c894371632fe5335b | reinforcement learning is the process of training an | reinforcement learning is the process of training an agent using rewards and/or punishments. the way an agent is rewarded or punished depends heavily on the problem; such as giving an agent a positive reward for winning a game or a negative one for losing. reinforcement learning is used heavily in the field of machine ... | wikipedia |
c8dff0b05cfd3cd03f5907822c816019db1199b1 | a long short-term memory (lstm) network is a | a long short-term memory (lstm) network is a specific implementation of a rnn that is designed to deal with the vanishing gradient problem seen in simple rnns, which would lead to them gradually "forgetting" about previous parts of an inputted sequence when calculating the output of a current part. lstms solve this pro... | wikipedia |
9445c6acfda93816786b2fc72e28091a7c6fe75a | recurrent neural networks are a type of ann | recurrent neural networks are a type of ann that are designed to process sequences of data in order, one part at a time rather than all at once. an rnn runs over each part of a sequence, using the current part of the sequence along with memory of previous parts of the current sequence to produce an output. these types ... | wikipedia |
2ffa144cbf064dac1470247574aa4fc35ce3c5bb | convolutional neural networks (cnn) are specialized anns that | convolutional neural networks (cnn) are specialized anns that are often used to analyze image data. these types of networks are able to learn translation invariant patterns, which are patterns that are not dependent on location. cnns are able to learn these patterns in a hierarchy, meaning that earlier convolutional la... | wikipedia |
22c33f7e90f978b90ef06277290d87d96d78760b | deep learning is a subset of machine learning | deep learning is a subset of machine learning which focuses heavily on the use of artificial neural networks (ann) that learn to solve complex tasks. deep learning uses multiple layers of ann and other techniques to progressively extract information from an input. due to this complex layered approach, deep learning mod... | wikipedia |
dded90d49363c7ad116cbc9fd4a8a6bb9860fde0 | information on machine learning techniques in the field | information on machine learning techniques in the field of games is mostly known to public through research projects as most gaming companies choose not to publish specific information about their intellectual property. the most publicly known application of machine learning in games is likely the use of deep learning ... | wikipedia |
5001da2cca4b312e27be1cf28d15ab804d700825 | artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are used | artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are used in video games for a wide variety of applications such as non-player character (npc) control and procedural content generation (pcg). machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses historical data to build predictive and analytical mode... | wikipedia |
633722e30b1e5eeefdf020c87db38987c35193c5 | the vast majority of positive results about computational | the vast majority of positive results about computational problems are constructive proofs, i.e., a computational problem is proved to be solvable by showing an algorithm that solves it; a computational problem is shown to be in p (complexity) by showing an algorithm that solves it in time that is polynomial in the siz... | wikipedia |
abbf02d472542a80c7981bc57c98cbdda3b78d2f | using some algebra, it is possible to bound | using some algebra, it is possible to bound the number of "bad" matrices. the bound is a function of d and k. thus, for a sufficiently small d, there must be a "good" matrix with a small k, which corresponds to an efficient algorithm for solving the identification problem. | wikipedia |
fdd706bed02e440dbe92100131cecba2140f3614 | a matrix m is "good" if it enables | a matrix m is "good" if it enables us to uniquely identify v. this means that, for every vector v, the product m v is unique. a matrix m is "bad" if there are two different vectors, v and u, such that m v = m u. | wikipedia |
7271f2625f22ca098e4c6f8bbbc6968f85b06a0f | every query can be represented as a 1-by- | every query can be represented as a 1-by- n vector whose elements are all in the set {0,1}. the response to the query is just the dot product of the query vector by v. every set of k queries can be represented by a k -by- n matrix over {0,1}; the set of responses is the product of the matrix by v. | wikipedia |
ee4febbe305d71652930ede3e11426bf82810593 | how many queries do you need? obviously, n | how many queries do you need? obviously, n queries are always sufficient, because you can use n queries asking for the "sum" of a single element. but when d is sufficiently small, it is possible to do better. the general idea is as follows. | wikipedia |
314825bdf0a883f22b806cb44a687b7597d33910 | there are many more similar problems whose decidability | there are many more similar problems whose decidability can be proved in a similar way. in some cases, the knowledge that a problem can be proved in a polynomial time has led researchers to search and find an actual polynomial-time algorithm that solves the problem in an entirely different way. this shows that non-cons... | wikipedia |
b661b87eb38c786d88e36823699570324ea06d93 | the non-constructive part here is the robertson–seymour theorem. | the non-constructive part here is the robertson–seymour theorem. although it guarantees that there is a finite number of minor-minimal elements it does not tell us what these elements are. therefore, we cannot really execute the "algorithm" mentioned above. but, we do know that an algorithm exists and that its runtime ... | wikipedia |
1528a7482c21dae61b4b302c725c0a10ac9d5fce | there is a highly exponential algorithm that decides | there is a highly exponential algorithm that decides whether two cycles embedded in a 3d-space are linked, and one could test all pairs of cycles in the graph, but it is not obvious how to account for all possible embeddings in a 3d-space. thus, it is a-priori not clear at all if the linkedness problem is decidable. | wikipedia |
bd4200820d967ecd66ae38d330d152f3f6ad9990 | a simple example of a non-constructive algorithm was | a simple example of a non-constructive algorithm was published in 1982 by elwyn r. berlekamp, john h. conway, and richard k. guy, in their book winning ways for your mathematical plays. it concerns the game of sylver coinage, in which players take turns specifying a positive integer that cannot be expressed as a sum of... | wikipedia |
b1961027c2a6c67f5cd0abdcfc35bef1def1b9fe | the vast majority of positive results about computational | the vast majority of positive results about computational problems are constructive proofs, i.e., a computational problem is proved to be solvable by showing an algorithm that solves it; a computational problem is shown to be in p (complexity) by showing an algorithm that solves it in time that is polynomial in the siz... | wikipedia |
54f5c8860994c3da78e9f908fce7477404e86238 | in enzymology, a mannose isomerase is an enzyme | in enzymology, a mannose isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction hence, this enzyme has one substrate, d-mannose, and one product, d-fructose. this enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. the systematic name o... | wikipedia |
18f5fd307a8ffa68c490441f9c53cc9940151e53 | this enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, | this enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. the systematic name of this enzyme class is d-mannose aldose-ketose-isomerase. other names in common use include d-mannose isomerase, and d-mannose ketol-isomerase. this enzyme partici... | wikipedia |
2981545950a08603e19d433374ee30c06cb186b1 | microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced | microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. in contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly unbranched alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocar... | wikipedia |
e817091697bf46fc2909dfcb2ea12aa4563eac84 | however, key industries that utilize petrolatum, such as | however, key industries that utilize petrolatum, such as the personal care, cosmetic, and candle industries, have pushed for more materials that are considered "green" and based on renewable resources. as an alternative, hybrid petrolatum can be used. hybrid petrolatum utilizes a complex mixture of vegetable oils and w... | wikipedia |
a7e034ec14f7101189e534739b28d6c6c1e4bac9 | microcrystalline wax is also a key component in | microcrystalline wax is also a key component in the manufacture of petrolatum. the branched structure of the carbon chain backbone allows oil molecules to be incorporated into the crystal lattice structure. the desired properties of the petrolatum can be modified by using microcrystalline wax bases of different congeal... | wikipedia |
afa1c800a7355ad071bab124fca45ef676142f56 | microcrystalline wax is used in such sports as | microcrystalline wax is used in such sports as ice hockey, skiing and snowboarding. it is applied to the friction tape of an ice hockey stick to prevent degradation of the tape due to water destroying the glue on the tape and also to increase control of the hockey puck due to the wax’s adhesive quality. it is also appl... | wikipedia |
dceab6b46267edfc2308f0a08900d2246900ef32 | microcrystalline waxes are excellent materials to use when | microcrystalline waxes are excellent materials to use when modifying the crystalline properties of paraffin wax. the microcrystalline wax has significantly more branching of the carbon chains that are the backbone of paraffin wax. this is useful when some desired functional changes in the paraffin are needed, such as f... | wikipedia |
da264250591c0f9916899fbc4fd7744d3164b71f | a brand of microcrystalline wax, renaissance wax, is | a brand of microcrystalline wax, renaissance wax, is also used extensively in museum and conservation settings for protection and polishing of antique woods, ivory, gemstones, and metal objects. it was developed by the british museum in the 1950s to replace the potentially unstable natural waxes that were previously us... | wikipedia |
16a6d6376d0709a46e8c002ab2e3a54c3c9952f0 | microcrystalline waxes have considerable application in the custom | microcrystalline waxes have considerable application in the custom making of jewelry and small sculptures. different formulations produce waxes from those soft enough to be molded by hand to those hard enough to be carved with rotary tools. the melted wax can be cast to make multiple copies that are further carved with... | wikipedia |
3766ddb401dc652a88a04c522734461a2b3bd0b6 | microcrystalline wax is often used in industries such | microcrystalline wax is often used in industries such as tire and rubber, candles, adhesives, corrugated board, cosmetics, castings, and others. refineries may use blending facilities to combine paraffin and microcrystalline waxes; this is prevalent in the tire and rubber industries. | wikipedia |
611fa828212cffe424ddf58df72085f4fbd3fa4f | microcrystalline waxes are derived from the refining of | microcrystalline waxes are derived from the refining of the heavy distillates from lubricant oil production. this by-product must then be de-oiled at a wax refinery. depending on the end use and desired specification, the product may then have its odor removed and color removed (which typically starts as a brown or dar... | wikipedia |
c1ba527b3b778f5f3b977bccac346d923d615527 | microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are | microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are typically produced to meet a number of astm specifications. these include congeal point (astm d938), needle penetration (astm d1321), color (astm d6045), and viscosity (astm d445). microcrystalline waxes can generally be put into two categories: "laminating" grad... | wikipedia |
e2291860267b4aafd04fb66a23381007dfd34aa7 | microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced | microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. in contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly unbranched alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocar... | wikipedia |
75c1e18d87ab34d05d5f5c54ccdb7c8755c8e010 | a mixed poisson distribution is a univariate discrete | a mixed poisson distribution is a univariate discrete probability distribution in stochastics. it results from assuming that the conditional distribution of a random variable, given the value of the rate parameter, is a poisson distribution, and that the rate parameter itself is considered as a random variable. hence i... | wikipedia |
c732800b4d8c8140f2e55c8a49c4c965fd427110 | in the following let μ π = ∫ | in the following let μ π = ∫ 0 ∞ λ π (λ) d λ {\displaystyle \mu _{\pi }=\int \limits _{0}^{\infty }\lambda \,\,\pi (\lambda)\,d\lambda \,} be the expected value of the density π (λ) {\displaystyle \pi (\lambda)\,} and σ π 2 = ∫ 0 ∞ (λ − μ π) 2 π (λ) d λ {\displaystyle \sigma _{\pi }^{2}=\int \limits _{0}^{\infty }(\lam... | wikipedia |
75c1e18d87ab34d05d5f5c54ccdb7c8755c8e010 | a mixed poisson distribution is a univariate discrete | a mixed poisson distribution is a univariate discrete probability distribution in stochastics. it results from assuming that the conditional distribution of a random variable, given the value of the rate parameter, is a poisson distribution, and that the rate parameter itself is considered as a random variable. hence i... | wikipedia |
eb9fb4a6f570a572617bcb76aa31ceda9e9d0529 | 2018 lf16 is a small mars crossing asteroid | 2018 lf16 is a small mars crossing asteroid roughly 213 m (699 ft) in diameter. it was first observed by astronomers with the pan-starrs survey at haleakala observatory on 14 june 2018. it was removed from the sentry risk table on 29 july 2021. with an observation arc of 15 years the orbit is very well known and it doe... | wikipedia |
ceffaaae939f11c341c5bed6449a64f1ac2ef80d | with an observation arc of 15 years, it | with an observation arc of 15 years, it is known that its orbit leaves it entirely outside of earth's orbit, never coming closer than 0.61 au (91 million km) to earth (moid). on 7 august 2023 the asteroid will be roughly 1.1 au (160 million km) from earth with an uncertainty region of ±142 km. it will reach aphelion (f... | wikipedia |
27e8649e8c0f81f8ede58a4b97e9b44dd1eb0c1c | in november 2018, when the asteroid had an | in november 2018, when the asteroid had an almost worthless observation arc of 1.8 days, news article headlines exaggerated claims of 62 potentially dangerous earth-orbit crossings in the next century but also reported nasa calculations indicating there was only a 1 in 30,000,000 chance of impact. additionally, 2018 lf... | wikipedia |
9f1a4b4807646cb53b982ccd46930a41b0e5eac4 | 2018 lf is a small mars crossing asteroid | 2018 lf is a small mars crossing asteroid roughly 213 m (699 ft) in diameter. it was first observed by astronomers with the pan-starrs survey at haleakala observatory on 14 june 2018. it was removed from the sentry risk table on 29 july 2021. with an observation arc of 15 years the orbit is very well known and it does ... | wikipedia |
b493c95c9e80ef3d0f9cb81e9e6904141ddf5be3 | the neftchi baku 2015–16 season is neftchi baku's | the neftchi baku 2015–16 season is neftchi baku's 24th azerbaijan premier league season. neftchi will compete azerbaijan premier league and in the 2015–16 azerbaijan cup and uefa europa league. | wikipedia |
b493c95c9e80ef3d0f9cb81e9e6904141ddf5be3 | the neftchi baku 2015–16 season is neftchi baku's | the neftchi baku 2015–16 season is neftchi baku's 24th azerbaijan premier league season. neftchi will compete azerbaijan premier league and in the 2015–16 azerbaijan cup and uefa europa league. | wikipedia |
0bb6bbef7ba5ecd0129472179cc55abc2b632a0c | michael peter georgeff is a computer scientist and | michael peter georgeff is a computer scientist and entrepreneur who has made contributions in the areas of intelligent software agents and ehealth. georgeff is a former program director in the artificial intelligence center at sri international, menlo park, california, and former director of the australian artificial i... | wikipedia |
6c340bdc113bc880322cb9c3a9d8a3853a94628f | in the early 2000s, georgeff joined monash university | in the early 2000s, georgeff joined monash university as director of the e-health research unit of the monash institute of health services research, to investigate the application of advanced ict to health and medicine. georgeff founded and is ceo of precedence health care, a company dedicated to investigating the comm... | wikipedia |
ddd44110735536978204f474b443224c0bfd1b39 | georgeff was instrumental in at least the following | georgeff was instrumental in at least the following contributions to the field of intelligent software agents: procedural reasoning system: an intelligent agent architecture and framework and seminal example of the bdi software model; and belief–desire–intention: an intentional software framework for programming intell... | wikipedia |
329156f48d8238284918bdd5b6195f40846ccf5c | while at sri international, georgeff was involved in | while at sri international, georgeff was involved in the development of the procedural reasoning system and its application to monitor the reaction control system of the nasa space shuttle discovery in 1997. georgeff's work on prs popularized the field of intelligent agents and defined the belief–desire–intention (bdi)... | wikipedia |
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