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c9c6c081124d9c186ba960ee149a540f56b010f7
a softphone is a software program for making
a softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. the softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an a...
wikipedia
050a29c192cb3ee289ad4142599cddb8b22df6d8
a typical softphone has all standard telephony features
a typical softphone has all standard telephony features (dnd, mute, dtmf, flash, hold, transfer etc.) and often additional features typical for online messaging, such as user presence indication, video, wide-band audio. softphones provide a variety of audio codecs, a typical minimum set is g.711 and g.729.
wikipedia
c9c6c081124d9c186ba960ee149a540f56b010f7
a softphone is a software program for making
a softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. the softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an a...
wikipedia
2b5c7210823d89ddaf8eb27e933af7410d23f239
sonia ribes-beaudemoulin is a french biologist and oceanographer.
sonia ribes-beaudemoulin is a french biologist and oceanographer. from 1991 to 2019, she was chief curator of the réunion island natural history museum. for her work, she was awarded the national order of merit.
wikipedia
ec2ff005ba618a25ff9b381e1a810cceaa3a545c
in 2007, ribes-beaudemoulin was appointed president of the
in 2007, ribes-beaudemoulin was appointed president of the scientific council of the newly created réunion marine nature reserve. she is also a member of the scientific council of the réunion national park created the same year and of the regional scientific council for natural heritage. she is co-founder of the associ...
wikipedia
5749d6e00b55f281906ce24a989af28ef586e66a
in 1990, she was appointed curator of the
in 1990, she was appointed curator of the natural history museum of réunion in saint-denis allowing her to study marine and terrestrial fauna and flora, to the ecology and biodiversity of the indian ocean zone, including coral reefs. she also organized exhibitions for the museum, which is home to "more than 42,000 list...
wikipedia
3d0ed05b76220ee776128fe624800ac1c0817f71
she graduated with a master's degree in animal
she graduated with a master's degree in animal biology, followed by a dea in biological oceanography from pierre and marie-curie university. at aix-marseille university, she earned a doctorate in biological oceanography. she then returned to réunion where she taught secondary school mathematics in saint-denis (1979-198...
wikipedia
89f8eba80b706349580c08d75bca1450785903bc
ribes-beaudemoulin was born in saint-pierre on the réunion
ribes-beaudemoulin was born in saint-pierre on the réunion islands (located in the indian ocean) and was educated at roland-garros high school in le tampon and then at jules-ferry high school in paris.
wikipedia
9292f1998588cf06f11aa5b2ce00498ace394423
sonia ribes-beaudemoulin (born 22 november 1953 in saint-pierre)
sonia ribes-beaudemoulin (born 22 november 1953 in saint-pierre) is a french biologist and oceanographer. from 1991 to 2019, she was chief curator of the réunion island natural history museum. for her work, she was awarded the national order of merit.
wikipedia
ceaf639ab0ad9708cdbc6fd9c40811e8e863d8c8
an.at-domain can be between one and 63 characters
an.at-domain can be between one and 63 characters long. registrations of internationalized domain names are accepted. in 2007, it was made possible to register domain names containing only numbers. the.at-domain started using dnssec in 2011 in order to guarantee the authenticity and integrity of the domain name system ...
wikipedia
91ef00897cde327c6d787e69615b2dd4b94a277f
many austrian domain names were registered for english
many austrian domain names were registered for english words that end with "at". domain hacks treating "at" as a word in its own right (such as arrive.at) are widespread. as of today, there are very few such domain names left available on the domain prime market as the result of domain name speculation. most of them ca...
wikipedia
f0fe99590a22286f59855412d24a8d39444ca1c7
1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an
1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an elongated, stony florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. discovered by karl reinmuth at heidelberg observatory in 1932, the asteroid was named after rutherford, new jersey a suburb of new york city, ...
wikipedia
3e9ece8cedff11179a0af5c99ecfa04207db7f3c
several sources erroneously attributed the naming of this
several sources erroneously attributed the naming of this asteroid to famous new zealand-born british physicist ernest rutherford (1871–1937). this minor planet, however, was named after the city of rutherford, new jersey, which is an inner suburb of metropolitan new york city. the naming was proposed by irving meyer a...
wikipedia
e5c923fa650bfb522b57a82809b152f32389be56
according to the surveys carried out by the
according to the surveys carried out by the infrared astronomical satellite iras, the japanese akari satellite and the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, rutherfordia measures between 12.41 and 15.77 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.172 and 0.2778.
wikipedia
35b32bc26abcfc6fe91dc049d8873b777659f83e
in 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve
in 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve from various data sources including the uppsala asteroid photometric catalogue and the palomar transient factory survey. the lightcurve gave a concurring period of 18.2183 hours and allowed for the determination of two spin axis of (32.0°, 74.0°) and (197.0°, 65.0°) ...
wikipedia
fe5342d8856b3de106530c91abe9ae8d7bca35c0
several rotational lightcurves of rutherfordia have been obtained
several rotational lightcurves of rutherfordia have been obtained from photometric observations since 2001. the so-far best-rated lightcurve with a rotation period of 18.242 hours and a brightness amplitude of 0.71 magnitude, was measured by the spanish amateur astronomer group obas in december 2015 (u=3). the asteroid...
wikipedia
fa55c89b6c9f7f7bfc41b20836946a99ac3dad07
rutherfordia is a member of the flora family
rutherfordia is a member of the flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. it orbits the sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.4 au once every 3 years and 4 months (1,211 days; semi-major axis of 2.22 au). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08...
wikipedia
a94ea626875dc00a6ccf17f45b178955a4b51084
rutherfordia was discovered on 4 november 1932, by
rutherfordia was discovered on 4 november 1932, by german astronomer karl reinmuth at the heidelberg-königstuhl state observatory in southwest germany. on 29 november 1932, it was independently discovered by belgian astronomer eugène delporte at the uccle observatory in belgium. the minor planet center only recognizes ...
wikipedia
f0fe99590a22286f59855412d24a8d39444ca1c7
1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an
1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an elongated, stony florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. discovered by karl reinmuth at heidelberg observatory in 1932, the asteroid was named after rutherford, new jersey a suburb of new york city, ...
wikipedia
d7dc9029ea4cdb2dd36aa0d91a6085c6cc2f9ac1
in the theory of decision making, the analytic
in the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. it was developed by thomas l. saaty in the 1970s; saaty partnered with ernest forman to develop expert...
wikipedia
482cebbd8ba2f2a9388e4d760281e66c80728767
within a comparison matrix one may replace a
within a comparison matrix one may replace a judgement with a less favorable judgment and then check to see if the indication of the new priority becomes less favorable than the original priority. in the context of tournament matrices, it has been proven by oskar perron that the principal right eigenvector method is no...
wikipedia
8f7820a47678c3f38bbc5a1457d85ab02b6ca365
there are different types of rank reversals. also,
there are different types of rank reversals. also, other methods besides the ahp may exhibit such rank reversals. more discussion on rank reversals with the ahp and other mcdm methods is provided in the rank reversals in decision-making page.
wikipedia
7cf8cf6485b3c2246ad4e3318fe3beb72aaea8c3
rank reversal and ahp are extensively discussed in
rank reversal and ahp are extensively discussed in a 2001 paper in operations research, as well as a chapter entitled rank preservation and reversal, in the current basic book on ahp. the latter presents published examples of rank reversal due to adding copies and near copies of an alternative, due to intransitivity of...
wikipedia
bc6b6467120ba44a1d6748909a0dd01b43c45b60
there are two schools of thought about rank
there are two schools of thought about rank reversal. one maintains that new alternatives that introduce no additional attributes should not cause rank reversal under any circumstances. the other maintains that there are some situations in which rank reversal can reasonably be expected. the original formulation of ahp ...
wikipedia
cc9fc6a7aa4b688a924cb57d94bf0d437c196038
decision making involves ranking alternatives in terms of
decision making involves ranking alternatives in terms of criteria or attributes of those alternatives. it is an axiom of some decision theories that when new alternatives are added to a decision problem, the ranking of the old alternatives must not change — that " rank reversal " must not occur.
wikipedia
dda2585ecf8c72b61cdc7509c45c67ecc3aede77
in 2021, the first comprehensive evaluation of the
in 2021, the first comprehensive evaluation of the ahp was published in a book authored by two academics from technical university of valencia and universidad politécnica de cartagena, and published by springer nature. based on an empirical investigation and objective testimonies by 101 researchers, the study found at ...
wikipedia
9c60869fe1896a6ac469e309a75b92f62f0ca750
a 1997 paper examined possible flaws in the
a 1997 paper examined possible flaws in the verbal (vs. numerical) scale often used in ahp pairwise comparisons. another from the same year claimed that innocuous changes to the ahp model can introduce order where no order exists. a 2006 paper found that the addition of criteria for which all alternatives perform equal...
wikipedia
1d95b3e6269f3ec6a5470707ed644f5b7cfb219e
the ahp is included in most operations research
the ahp is included in most operations research and management science textbooks, and is taught in numerous universities; it is used extensively in organizations that have carefully investigated its theoretical underpinnings. the method does have its critics. in the early 1990s a series of debates between critics and p...
wikipedia
531eb817d21cea10f2d17c7a3c8c501f784d0a0a
some of the books on ahp contain practical
some of the books on ahp contain practical examples of its use, though they are not typically intended to be step-by-step learning aids. one of them contains a handful of expanded examples, plus about 400 ahp hierarchies briefly described and illustrated with figures. many examples are discussed, mostly for professiona...
wikipedia
ab733db5a9e94ca49e7b4bcaa5b3d1a3071793a2
so far, we have looked only at default
so far, we have looked only at default priorities. as the analytical hierarchy process moves forward, the priorities will change from their default values as the decision makers input information about the importance of the various nodes. they do this by making a series of pairwise comparisons.
wikipedia
529696e145f6bfd349f938979a09857b74e0c9b8
the local priorities, shown in gray, represent the
the local priorities, shown in gray, represent the relative weights of the nodes within a group of siblings with respect to their parent. the local priorities of each group of criteria and their sibling subcriteria add up to 1.000. the global priorities, shown in black, are obtained by multiplying the local priorities ...
wikipedia
6eb9c74fdf486caf03fe3572b4650b8efc2b62a6
the priorities shown are those that exist before
the priorities shown are those that exist before any information has been entered about weights of the criteria or alternatives, so the priorities within each level are all equal. they are called the hierarchy's default priorities. if a fifth criterion were added to this hierarchy, the default priority for each criteri...
wikipedia
443bcd9dc43c67ae131a4431c053b7d212458c25
by definition, the priority of the goal is
by definition, the priority of the goal is 1.000. the priorities of the alternatives always add up to 1.000. things can become complicated with multiple levels of criteria, but if there is only one level, their priorities also add to 1.000. all this is illustrated by the priorities in the example below.
wikipedia
d17a0a4e566a54704cc20f1ae85b201211712464
like probabilities, priorities are absolute numbers between zero
like probabilities, priorities are absolute numbers between zero and one, without units or dimensions. a node with priority.200 has twice the weight in reaching the goal as one with priority.100, ten times the weight of one with priority.020, and so forth. depending on the problem at hand, "weight" can refer to importa...
wikipedia
24e4dfc0be3dc11e7ba080a9ce86c7f3bf6d7f40
consider the "choose a leader" example above. an
consider the "choose a leader" example above. an important task of the decision makers is to determine the weight to be given each criterion in making the choice of a leader. another important task is to determine the weight to be given to each candidate with regard to each of the criteria. the ahp not only lets them d...
wikipedia
b05bd5e4df191443a530107660e603662aee8580
once the hierarchy has been constructed, the participants
once the hierarchy has been constructed, the participants analyze it through a series of pairwise comparisons that derive numerical scales of measurement for the nodes. the criteria are pairwise compared against the goal for importance. the alternatives are pairwise compared against each of the criteria for preference....
wikipedia
cdc91e49f147266306453d7e0a9c32ad845eac06
to reduce the size of the drawing required,
to reduce the size of the drawing required, it is common to represent ahp hierarchies as shown in the diagram below, with only one node for each alternative, and with multiple lines connecting the alternatives and the criteria that apply to them. to avoid clutter, these lines are sometimes omitted or reduced in number....
wikipedia
4610c79fcbde33ff3cc9fcf924a1b0a2a10961e8
applying these definitions to the diagram below, the
applying these definitions to the diagram below, the goal is the parent of the four criteria, and the four criteria are children of the goal. each criterion is a parent of the three alternatives. note that there are only three alternatives, but in the diagram, each of them is repeated under each of its parents.
wikipedia
7da0c2e6aa879c6812e575f0870fbd66a034c4e7
such a hierarchy can be visualized as a
such a hierarchy can be visualized as a diagram like the one immediately below, with the goal at the top, the three alternatives at the bottom, and the four criteria in between. there are useful terms for describing the parts of such diagrams: each box is called a node. a node that is connected to one or more nodes in ...
wikipedia
1c9d0be603fff6ba279553be3c40d87a707a438c
the design of any ahp hierarchy will depend
the design of any ahp hierarchy will depend not only on the nature of the problem at hand, but also on the knowledge, judgments, values, opinions, needs, wants, etc. of the participants in the decision-making process. constructing a hierarchy typically involves significant discussion, research, and discovery by those i...
wikipedia
bc76bdb511fe6bcdb07d875ccb0adcaf977d1647
an ahp hierarchy is a structured means of
an ahp hierarchy is a structured means of modeling the decision at hand. it consists of an overall goal, a group of options or alternatives for reaching the goal, and a group of factors or criteria that relate the alternatives to the goal. the criteria can be further broken down into subcriteria, sub-subcriteria, and s...
wikipedia
90b6ff5b07d32613764968910c193f0467bfe138
similarly, when we approach a complex decision problem,
similarly, when we approach a complex decision problem, we can use a hierarchy to integrate large amounts of information into our understanding of the situation. as we build this information structure, we form a better and better picture of the problem as a whole.
wikipedia
30d27113c96fbb8798ab2eed5b595b10f81c0db4
think of the hierarchy that medical students use
think of the hierarchy that medical students use while learning anatomy—they separately consider the musculoskeletal system (including parts and subparts like the hand and its constituent muscles and bones), the circulatory system (and its many levels and branches), the nervous system (and its numerous components and s...
wikipedia
56f976428170818a978973e1a2cde0bd9bc8d40c
in the world of ideas, we use hierarchies
in the world of ideas, we use hierarchies to help us acquire detailed knowledge of complex reality: we structure the reality into its constituent parts, and these in turn into their own constituent parts, proceeding down the hierarchy as many levels as we care to. at each step, we focus on understanding a single compon...
wikipedia
1f48ec3ae741e0fbbe87d87262dadad8b3ae9ead
human organizations are often structured as hierarchies, where
human organizations are often structured as hierarchies, where the hierarchical system is used for assigning responsibilities, exercising leadership, and facilitating communication. familiar hierarchies of "things" include a desktop computer's tower unit at the "top", with its subordinate monitor, keyboard, and mouse "...
wikipedia
b6ec92aaa28b29986132ffcd6ee8ff027fd1e325
a hierarchy is a stratified system of ranking
a hierarchy is a stratified system of ranking and organizing people, things, ideas, etc., where each element of the system, except for the top one, is subordinate to one or more other elements. though the concept of hierarchy is easily grasped intuitively, it can also be described mathematically. diagrams of hierarchie...
wikipedia
22a085bf2cc7af4929ff4131dd77725f334f9653
the first step in the analytic hierarchy process
the first step in the analytic hierarchy process is to model the problem as a hierarchy. in doing this, participants explore the aspects of the problem at levels from general to detailed, then express it in the multileveled way that the ahp requires. as they work to build the hierarchy, they increase their understandin...
wikipedia
a99e6e996085a2f83a5991136865122c7e0f1592
as can be seen in the material that
as can be seen in the material that follows, using the ahp involves the mathematical synthesis of numerous judgments about the decision problem at hand. it is not uncommon for these judgments to number in the dozens or even the hundreds. while the math can be done by hand or with a calculator, it is far more common to ...
wikipedia
38fad44d763eb3bc6cc720868eb93dee216d91da
the international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process
the international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process (isahp) holds biennial meetings of academics and practitioners interested in the field. a wide range of topics is covered. those in 2005 ranged from "establishing payment standards for surgical specialists", to "strategic technology roadmapping", to "infrast...
wikipedia
388c14faee162473965c941bb240a5f526aec4df
though using the analytic hierarchy process requires no
though using the analytic hierarchy process requires no specialized academic training, it is considered an important subject in many institutions of higher learning, including schools of engineering and graduate schools of business. it is a particularly important subject in the quality field, and is taught in many spec...
wikipedia
1858c74074a2ac9be14bdbb1a90433909ca9dc14
ahp is sometimes used in designing highly specific
ahp is sometimes used in designing highly specific procedures for particular situations, such as the rating of buildings by historical significance. it was recently applied to a project that uses video footage to assess the condition of highways in virginia. highway engineers first used it to determine the optimum scop...
wikipedia
637f597f34cb9e09c3ee5092515749798284771e
the applications of ahp include planning, resource allocation,
the applications of ahp include planning, resource allocation, priority setting, and selection among alternatives. other areas have included forecasting, total quality management, business process reengineering, quality function deployment, and the balanced scorecard. other uses of ahp are discussed in the literature:
wikipedia
82bfa88a7613d15782bf12519a09dc2aa541e4d9
while it can be used by individuals working
while it can be used by individuals working on straightforward decisions, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) is most useful where teams of people are working on complex problems, especially those with high stakes, involving human perceptions and judgments, whose resolutions have long-term repercussions.
wikipedia
e9cbcf908473876e1fa4c493705edf7bcf842b7d
the ahp converts these evaluations to numerical values
the ahp converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. a numerical weight or priority is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incommensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way....
wikipedia
ecb270e3477e1c43615d60cb820a46b98423920e
once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers
once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers evaluate its various elements by comparing them to each other two at a time, with respect to their impact on an element above them in the hierarchy. in making the comparisons, the decision makers can use concrete data about the elements, and they can also use their judgm...
wikipedia
ead70ff9090516c17dfbd611abf256a689113f14
users of the ahp first decompose their decision
users of the ahp first decompose their decision problem into a hierarchy of more easily comprehended sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently. the elements of the hierarchy can relate to any aspect of the decision problem—tangible or intangible, carefully measured or roughly estimated, well or poorly u...
wikipedia
e71f54a8e0f023827c30e2fe71cf22594fc88a18
rather than prescribing a "correct" decision, the ahp
rather than prescribing a "correct" decision, the ahp helps decision makers find the decision that best suits their goal and their understanding of the problem. it provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elemen...
wikipedia
ea31443bf7bcd97998b3d1bcf77eb2d1740fd596
in the theory of decision making, the analytic
in the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. it was developed by thomas l. saaty in the 1970s; saaty partnered with ernest forman to develop expert...
wikipedia
a1632845911df44ec3e4bc946c3fa9d843ffa218
sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is
sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is a professor at the university of freiburg. her research focuses on the cell biology of the archaea sulfolobus acidocaldarius and haloferax volcanii. she was elected fellow of the american society for microbiology in 2023.
wikipedia
8685a66a7f06ca3659fd3fe5b2c51925f0d16941
albers has investigated the structure-property relationships of archaea
albers has investigated the structure-property relationships of archaea and the molecular mechanisms that underpin the transmission of environmental cues to its motility structure. archaea, one of the three domains of life, are single-cell life forms without a nucleus. they adapt to extreme living conditions (e.g. hot ...
wikipedia
a37975d518248a1f976b7e45004107f6a7c42ae3
in 2006, albers was awarded a dutch research
in 2006, albers was awarded a dutch research council vidi grant to establish her own group at the university of groningen. she moved to the max planck institute for terrestrial microbiology in 2008, where her research interests moved to understanding the archaea cell envelope. in 2014 she was made a professor of microb...
wikipedia
b51c9a092078d4f898b6af92b66b1a09c1ce9f11
albers attended high school in hamburg. she studied
albers attended high school in hamburg. she studied biology at the university of würzburg, during which time she completed an internship at the max planck institute of biochemistry and became interested in archaea. in munich, she met a researcher from the netherlands who studied archaea, and their research interested h...
wikipedia
a1632845911df44ec3e4bc946c3fa9d843ffa218
sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is
sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is a professor at the university of freiburg. her research focuses on the cell biology of the archaea sulfolobus acidocaldarius and haloferax volcanii. she was elected fellow of the american society for microbiology in 2023.
wikipedia
07c3f94d27e4088b29f0a77da9c26a87ed5abcd5
amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who
amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who is professor of biosciences at teesside university. she works in public health, and is co-founder of the north east obesogenic environment network (neoen). she is concerned about the impact of energy drinks on children's health.
wikipedia
d254075e7941b693d85a53e22bbdb0d51355b8c6
lake i has been a scientific advisor for
lake i has been a scientific advisor for the british nutrition foundation, a member of the food standards agency register of specialists and of the british dietetic association research committee. she serves on the editorial board of bmc public health as well the british nutrition foundation 's bulletin. she serves on ...
wikipedia
e950d71d22dbe6267931d969612207b80a42d3af
in 2017 lake joined teesside university as a
in 2017 lake joined teesside university as a reader in public health, and associate director of the centre for translational research in public health (fuse). she has argued for a sugary drink tax or ban on the sale of energy drinks to limit children's consumption of drinks and subsequent risk of obesity. as obesity an...
wikipedia
27844212934ab74b7a3d507cfe293b27cff50dac
lake works on the obesogenic environment, which describes
lake works on the obesogenic environment, which describes the possible ways our environment influences people's likelihood of obesity. she joined northumbria university as an associate professor in 2010, before moving to durham university in 2011. lake believes that obesity is a global concern. she has investigated how...
wikipedia
183f88b05aa05e13d85f1b3e1c177a4a9f6cb842
lake studied public health at glasgow caledonian university,
lake studied public health at glasgow caledonian university, and graduated with first-class honours in 1999. she worked briefly for the national health service, before beginning her postgraduate career at newcastle university. she was awarded the british dietetic association elizabeth washington award. earned her phd i...
wikipedia
07c3f94d27e4088b29f0a77da9c26a87ed5abcd5
amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who
amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who is professor of biosciences at teesside university. she works in public health, and is co-founder of the north east obesogenic environment network (neoen). she is concerned about the impact of energy drinks on children's health.
wikipedia
dbd361c1f0d22dc0e8d77796f8193becedd9a98a
a genus of bacteria called borrelia is named
a genus of bacteria called borrelia is named after him, as is borreliosis (i.e., lyme disease). moreover, "borrel bodies", which are tiny virus-containing granules that cluster to form "bollinger bodies", are found in tissue cells of fowlpox. (bollinger bodies are named after german pathologist otto bollinger).
wikipedia
0aa2db823146714e002f8b46a7e8ad51a0fd330c
borrel studied natural sciences and medicine at the
borrel studied natural sciences and medicine at the university of montpellier, where he earned his degree in 1890. from 1892 to 1895, borrel worked in the laboratory of ilya ilyich metchnikoff (1845–1916) at the pasteur institute in paris. here he performed research of tuberculosis, and with alexandre yersin (1863–1943...
wikipedia
c7de68a8e23dbede494f998385dfd1f821384546
audrey jene deemer was a utility infielder and
audrey jene deemer was a utility infielder and pitcher for the chicago colleens, fort wayne daisies, and springfield sallies of the all-american girls professional baseball league in 1950. she played in 25 games, hitting .106 with nine hits, 14 runs scored, and six stolen bases.
wikipedia
f45315fe6a25136f06311464aef8e9ddbd1d40d5
she was born in steubenville, ohio. following her
she was born in steubenville, ohio. following her playing career, she worked as a police dispatcher for the powhatan point police department of powhatan point, ohio. she died in cadiz, ohio, three days before her 82nd birthday.
wikipedia
3def9fd8bf13df1191ca5fdc527ce849047f321e
audrey jene deemer (september 28, 1930 – september
audrey jene deemer (september 28, 1930 – september 25, 2012) was a utility infielder and pitcher for the chicago colleens, fort wayne daisies, and springfield sallies of the all-american girls professional baseball league in 1950. she played in 25 games, hitting.106 with nine hits, 14 runs scored, and six stolen bases.
wikipedia
843aa7ef6b3a66d32aa463258332f9075cf94b88
the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania
the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania encompasses the beech forests of gashi in valbonë valley national park and rajcë in shebenik-jabllanicë national park. they form an integral section of the unesco world heritage site of ancient and primeval beech forests of the carpathians because for their outstanding ...
wikipedia
dbd1f505cf66cae27b714945b5d5227ca3e71473
the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania
the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania (albanian: pyjet e vjetër të ahut të shqipërisë) encompasses the beech forests of gashi in valbonë valley national park and rajcë in shebenik-jabllanicë national park. they form an integral section of the unesco world heritage site of ancient and primeval beech forests ...
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2ff8511aefb63a4c667c03739bbb112280b95e82
brian elliott hayden frsc has been professor of
brian elliott hayden frsc has been professor of physical chemistry within chemistry at the university of southampton since 1995. he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and a phd in 1979 from the university of bristol. he was a postdoctoral fellow at the fritz haber institute of the max planck society from 1979 to 1984 develop...
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he is a fellow of the royal society
he is a fellow of the royal society of chemistry and fellow of the institute of physics, has an h-index of 38, and is the author of over 18 active patent families including new catalysts and materials for low temperature fuel cells and solid state li-ion batteries. he is a founder and chief scientific officer of ilika ...
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98ee58490c478001cd8a214b7bae9edac4db7247
he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and
he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and a phd in 1979 from the university of bristol. he was a postdoctoral fellow at the fritz haber institute of the max planck society from 1979 to 1984 developing surface sensitive optical spectroscopies, including ellipsometry and reflection absorption infra-red spectroscopy, for the in...
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7c423f77dee1d32f0eb35ed8f756fdf6c13a7355
barbiturase is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name
barbiturase is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name is barbiturate amidohydrolase (3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate-forming). barbiturase acts as a catalyst in the second step of oxidative pyrimidine degradation, promoting the ring-opening hydrolysis of barbituric acid to ureidomalonic acid. although grouped int...
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9c26715de00d660f5cdfa9cc28c20e7df2847e7c
the equilibrium of the reaction favors the formation
the equilibrium of the reaction favors the formation of barbituric acid. barbiturase is very specific to barbituric acid and will not react with derivatives. urea, malonate, and cyanuric acid inhibit the hydrolysis of barbituric acid. dihydro-l-orotate is an intermediate in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and compe...
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7063c85a8c09ceecd43616d3c327c702fd57a530
the molecular weight of barbiturase is 172000 kd.
the molecular weight of barbiturase is 172000 kd. its km is 1.0 mm. its vmax is 2.5 μmol/min/mg. the highest enzymatic activity of barbiturase is at ph 8 and 40-45 °c. above 55 °c barbiturase loses its activity.
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ca5bbc10fa171585b68898fdc957789014ca497c
barbiturase consists of four identical subunits, each bound
barbiturase consists of four identical subunits, each bound to a zinc (zn) atom. absorption spectrum analysis illustrates that zinc is the only cofactor present in barbiturase. unlike other zinc containing amidohydrolases, the zinc binding motif of barbiturase is found on the carboxylic acid terminus, specifically at a...
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8c2c749190fedd389e940bda23d483c76eba1771
barbiturase (ec 3.5.2.1) is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its
barbiturase (ec 3.5.2.1) is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name is barbiturate amidohydrolase (3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate-forming). barbiturase acts as a catalyst in the second step of oxidative pyrimidine degradation, promoting the ring-opening hydrolysis of barbituric acid to ureidomalonic acid. althoug...
wikipedia
89bb67106508759ed8fe2b24b69252de80ed8b48
ralph kronig was a german physicist. he is
ralph kronig was a german physicist. he is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. his theories include the kronig–penney model, the coster–kronig transition and the kramers–kronig relations.
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the kramers–kronig relation for dispersion was derived by
the kramers–kronig relation for dispersion was derived by kronig (1926) independently of kramers (1927). any satisfactory theory of dispersion must comply with the condition that the scattered wave can never appear in advance of the incident wave that produces it. hans kramers and kronig showed that this basic causalit...
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the short range order data of hanawalt (1931b)
the short range order data of hanawalt (1931b) stimulated kronig (1932) to develop a theory for molecules. this model served as the starting point for all the subsequent short range order theories but few attempted to compare it to their data. kronig's student, h. petersen (1932, 1933) continued this work. peterson's e...
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ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory
ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory of x-ray absorption fine structure, which contained some of the basic concepts of the modern interpretation. the kronig-penney model (1931) is a one-dimensional model of a crystal that shows how the electrons in a crystal are dispersed into allowed and forbidden ban...
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96dfcf803ea13e57390d787878093bcb5747edfb
ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory
averaged over all directions with a non-polarized x-ray beam and a polycrystalline absorber, cos 2 q = 1. however, with a single crystal absorber and polarized x-rays the absorption features should be larger for specific crystal planes. this was another experimental variable that might verify the theory and many attem...
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48ae2bbf487be61e5ba451d94dbc2cd57b932a3f
... his publications contain however, which is understandable
... his publications contain however, which is understandable due to pauli's unusually critical attitude, only a small part of the work really carried out by him. pauli briefs in his papers on the finished results, but not on the long, often laborious way, which had led to them, and also not on incomplete attempts. a p...
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in 1927, kronig returned to europe for good
in 1927, kronig returned to europe for good and worked in different prominent centres of research: copenhagen, london, zürich (where for a year he was pauli's assistant). around 1930 he settled in the netherlands: first in utrecht, then in groningen, first as dirk coster 's assistant, and from 1931 as an associate prof...
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werner heisenberg in developing quantum mechanics involved kronig
werner heisenberg in developing quantum mechanics involved kronig in his seminal ideas of the theory. in the beginning of may 1925, heisenberg wrote three times to ralph kronig, with whom he had cooperated a little earlier in copenhagen on the spectral theory of multi-electron atoms. in the second letter, dated 5 may, ...
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in january 1925, when kronig was still a
in january 1925, when kronig was still a columbia university phd student, he first proposed electron spin after hearing pauli in tübingen. heisenberg and pauli immediately hated the idea. they had just ruled out all imaginable actions from quantum mechanics. now kronig was proposing to set the electron rotating in spac...
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86d3774acc084ae34bb13f796348142984cae0e1
early in kronig's career he had encountered paul
early in kronig's career he had encountered paul ehrenfest who, while visiting america in 1924, had advised the young physicist ralph kronig to revisit europe. kronig left for that continent later in 1924 and paid visits to the important centers for theoretical-physics research in germany and copenhagen. it was a time ...
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ralph kronig (later ralph de laer kronig) was
ralph kronig (later ralph de laer kronig) was born on 10 march 1904 to german parents (harold theodor kronig, augusta de laer) in dresden, germany. he died in zeist on 16 november 1995 at the age of 91.kronig received his primary and high-school education in dresden and went to new york city to study at columbia univer...
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5fabd07a852c129de1fa6e0987494140e02d8dcf
ralph kronig (10 march 1904 – 16 november
ralph kronig (10 march 1904 – 16 november 1995) was a german physicist. he is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. his theories include the kronig–penney model, the coster–kronig transition and the kramers–kronig relations.
wikipedia
deb0b9cc5c0c78eba78884e1c5a302caed18ecaf
randy wayne schekman is an american cell biologist
randy wayne schekman is an american cell biologist at the university of california, berkeley, former editor-in-chief of proceedings of the national academy of sciences and former editor of annual review of cell and developmental biology. in 2011, he was announced as the editor of elife, a new high-profile open-access j...
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in the fall of 2017, schekman's wife, nancy
in the fall of 2017, schekman's wife, nancy walls, died after a 20-year struggle with parkinson's disease. near the end of this difficult period schekman was enlisted to serve as the scientific director of a new effort called asap aimed at organizing an international program of collaborative research on the origins and...
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in december 2013, schekman called for academic journal
in december 2013, schekman called for academic journal publishing reform and open access science publication by announcing that his lab at the university of california, berkeley would no longer submit to the prestigious closed-access journals nature, cell, and science, citing their self-serving and deleterious effects ...
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schekman, thomas c. südhof, and james rothman were
schekman, thomas c. südhof, and james rothman were awarded the 2013 nobel prize for physiology or medicine "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells". schekman donated his share of the prize money, $400,000, to create an endowment for the esther and wendy sche...
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