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c9c6c081124d9c186ba960ee149a540f56b010f7 | a softphone is a software program for making | a softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. the softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an a... | wikipedia |
050a29c192cb3ee289ad4142599cddb8b22df6d8 | a typical softphone has all standard telephony features | a typical softphone has all standard telephony features (dnd, mute, dtmf, flash, hold, transfer etc.) and often additional features typical for online messaging, such as user presence indication, video, wide-band audio. softphones provide a variety of audio codecs, a typical minimum set is g.711 and g.729. | wikipedia |
c9c6c081124d9c186ba960ee149a540f56b010f7 | a softphone is a software program for making | a softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. the softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an a... | wikipedia |
2b5c7210823d89ddaf8eb27e933af7410d23f239 | sonia ribes-beaudemoulin is a french biologist and oceanographer. | sonia ribes-beaudemoulin is a french biologist and oceanographer. from 1991 to 2019, she was chief curator of the réunion island natural history museum. for her work, she was awarded the national order of merit. | wikipedia |
ec2ff005ba618a25ff9b381e1a810cceaa3a545c | in 2007, ribes-beaudemoulin was appointed president of the | in 2007, ribes-beaudemoulin was appointed president of the scientific council of the newly created réunion marine nature reserve. she is also a member of the scientific council of the réunion national park created the same year and of the regional scientific council for natural heritage. she is co-founder of the associ... | wikipedia |
5749d6e00b55f281906ce24a989af28ef586e66a | in 1990, she was appointed curator of the | in 1990, she was appointed curator of the natural history museum of réunion in saint-denis allowing her to study marine and terrestrial fauna and flora, to the ecology and biodiversity of the indian ocean zone, including coral reefs. she also organized exhibitions for the museum, which is home to "more than 42,000 list... | wikipedia |
3d0ed05b76220ee776128fe624800ac1c0817f71 | she graduated with a master's degree in animal | she graduated with a master's degree in animal biology, followed by a dea in biological oceanography from pierre and marie-curie university. at aix-marseille university, she earned a doctorate in biological oceanography. she then returned to réunion where she taught secondary school mathematics in saint-denis (1979-198... | wikipedia |
89f8eba80b706349580c08d75bca1450785903bc | ribes-beaudemoulin was born in saint-pierre on the réunion | ribes-beaudemoulin was born in saint-pierre on the réunion islands (located in the indian ocean) and was educated at roland-garros high school in le tampon and then at jules-ferry high school in paris. | wikipedia |
9292f1998588cf06f11aa5b2ce00498ace394423 | sonia ribes-beaudemoulin (born 22 november 1953 in saint-pierre) | sonia ribes-beaudemoulin (born 22 november 1953 in saint-pierre) is a french biologist and oceanographer. from 1991 to 2019, she was chief curator of the réunion island natural history museum. for her work, she was awarded the national order of merit. | wikipedia |
ceaf639ab0ad9708cdbc6fd9c40811e8e863d8c8 | an.at-domain can be between one and 63 characters | an.at-domain can be between one and 63 characters long. registrations of internationalized domain names are accepted. in 2007, it was made possible to register domain names containing only numbers. the.at-domain started using dnssec in 2011 in order to guarantee the authenticity and integrity of the domain name system ... | wikipedia |
91ef00897cde327c6d787e69615b2dd4b94a277f | many austrian domain names were registered for english | many austrian domain names were registered for english words that end with "at". domain hacks treating "at" as a word in its own right (such as arrive.at) are widespread. as of today, there are very few such domain names left available on the domain prime market as the result of domain name speculation. most of them ca... | wikipedia |
f0fe99590a22286f59855412d24a8d39444ca1c7 | 1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an | 1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an elongated, stony florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. discovered by karl reinmuth at heidelberg observatory in 1932, the asteroid was named after rutherford, new jersey a suburb of new york city, ... | wikipedia |
3e9ece8cedff11179a0af5c99ecfa04207db7f3c | several sources erroneously attributed the naming of this | several sources erroneously attributed the naming of this asteroid to famous new zealand-born british physicist ernest rutherford (1871–1937). this minor planet, however, was named after the city of rutherford, new jersey, which is an inner suburb of metropolitan new york city. the naming was proposed by irving meyer a... | wikipedia |
e5c923fa650bfb522b57a82809b152f32389be56 | according to the surveys carried out by the | according to the surveys carried out by the infrared astronomical satellite iras, the japanese akari satellite and the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, rutherfordia measures between 12.41 and 15.77 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.172 and 0.2778. | wikipedia |
35b32bc26abcfc6fe91dc049d8873b777659f83e | in 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve | in 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve from various data sources including the uppsala asteroid photometric catalogue and the palomar transient factory survey. the lightcurve gave a concurring period of 18.2183 hours and allowed for the determination of two spin axis of (32.0°, 74.0°) and (197.0°, 65.0°) ... | wikipedia |
fe5342d8856b3de106530c91abe9ae8d7bca35c0 | several rotational lightcurves of rutherfordia have been obtained | several rotational lightcurves of rutherfordia have been obtained from photometric observations since 2001. the so-far best-rated lightcurve with a rotation period of 18.242 hours and a brightness amplitude of 0.71 magnitude, was measured by the spanish amateur astronomer group obas in december 2015 (u=3). the asteroid... | wikipedia |
fa55c89b6c9f7f7bfc41b20836946a99ac3dad07 | rutherfordia is a member of the flora family | rutherfordia is a member of the flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. it orbits the sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.4 au once every 3 years and 4 months (1,211 days; semi-major axis of 2.22 au). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08... | wikipedia |
a94ea626875dc00a6ccf17f45b178955a4b51084 | rutherfordia was discovered on 4 november 1932, by | rutherfordia was discovered on 4 november 1932, by german astronomer karl reinmuth at the heidelberg-königstuhl state observatory in southwest germany. on 29 november 1932, it was independently discovered by belgian astronomer eugène delporte at the uccle observatory in belgium. the minor planet center only recognizes ... | wikipedia |
f0fe99590a22286f59855412d24a8d39444ca1c7 | 1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an | 1249 rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 vb, is an elongated, stony florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. discovered by karl reinmuth at heidelberg observatory in 1932, the asteroid was named after rutherford, new jersey a suburb of new york city, ... | wikipedia |
d7dc9029ea4cdb2dd36aa0d91a6085c6cc2f9ac1 | in the theory of decision making, the analytic | in the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. it was developed by thomas l. saaty in the 1970s; saaty partnered with ernest forman to develop expert... | wikipedia |
482cebbd8ba2f2a9388e4d760281e66c80728767 | within a comparison matrix one may replace a | within a comparison matrix one may replace a judgement with a less favorable judgment and then check to see if the indication of the new priority becomes less favorable than the original priority. in the context of tournament matrices, it has been proven by oskar perron that the principal right eigenvector method is no... | wikipedia |
8f7820a47678c3f38bbc5a1457d85ab02b6ca365 | there are different types of rank reversals. also, | there are different types of rank reversals. also, other methods besides the ahp may exhibit such rank reversals. more discussion on rank reversals with the ahp and other mcdm methods is provided in the rank reversals in decision-making page. | wikipedia |
7cf8cf6485b3c2246ad4e3318fe3beb72aaea8c3 | rank reversal and ahp are extensively discussed in | rank reversal and ahp are extensively discussed in a 2001 paper in operations research, as well as a chapter entitled rank preservation and reversal, in the current basic book on ahp. the latter presents published examples of rank reversal due to adding copies and near copies of an alternative, due to intransitivity of... | wikipedia |
bc6b6467120ba44a1d6748909a0dd01b43c45b60 | there are two schools of thought about rank | there are two schools of thought about rank reversal. one maintains that new alternatives that introduce no additional attributes should not cause rank reversal under any circumstances. the other maintains that there are some situations in which rank reversal can reasonably be expected. the original formulation of ahp ... | wikipedia |
cc9fc6a7aa4b688a924cb57d94bf0d437c196038 | decision making involves ranking alternatives in terms of | decision making involves ranking alternatives in terms of criteria or attributes of those alternatives. it is an axiom of some decision theories that when new alternatives are added to a decision problem, the ranking of the old alternatives must not change — that " rank reversal " must not occur. | wikipedia |
dda2585ecf8c72b61cdc7509c45c67ecc3aede77 | in 2021, the first comprehensive evaluation of the | in 2021, the first comprehensive evaluation of the ahp was published in a book authored by two academics from technical university of valencia and universidad politécnica de cartagena, and published by springer nature. based on an empirical investigation and objective testimonies by 101 researchers, the study found at ... | wikipedia |
9c60869fe1896a6ac469e309a75b92f62f0ca750 | a 1997 paper examined possible flaws in the | a 1997 paper examined possible flaws in the verbal (vs. numerical) scale often used in ahp pairwise comparisons. another from the same year claimed that innocuous changes to the ahp model can introduce order where no order exists. a 2006 paper found that the addition of criteria for which all alternatives perform equal... | wikipedia |
1d95b3e6269f3ec6a5470707ed644f5b7cfb219e | the ahp is included in most operations research | the ahp is included in most operations research and management science textbooks, and is taught in numerous universities; it is used extensively in organizations that have carefully investigated its theoretical underpinnings. the method does have its critics. in the early 1990s a series of debates between critics and p... | wikipedia |
531eb817d21cea10f2d17c7a3c8c501f784d0a0a | some of the books on ahp contain practical | some of the books on ahp contain practical examples of its use, though they are not typically intended to be step-by-step learning aids. one of them contains a handful of expanded examples, plus about 400 ahp hierarchies briefly described and illustrated with figures. many examples are discussed, mostly for professiona... | wikipedia |
ab733db5a9e94ca49e7b4bcaa5b3d1a3071793a2 | so far, we have looked only at default | so far, we have looked only at default priorities. as the analytical hierarchy process moves forward, the priorities will change from their default values as the decision makers input information about the importance of the various nodes. they do this by making a series of pairwise comparisons. | wikipedia |
529696e145f6bfd349f938979a09857b74e0c9b8 | the local priorities, shown in gray, represent the | the local priorities, shown in gray, represent the relative weights of the nodes within a group of siblings with respect to their parent. the local priorities of each group of criteria and their sibling subcriteria add up to 1.000. the global priorities, shown in black, are obtained by multiplying the local priorities ... | wikipedia |
6eb9c74fdf486caf03fe3572b4650b8efc2b62a6 | the priorities shown are those that exist before | the priorities shown are those that exist before any information has been entered about weights of the criteria or alternatives, so the priorities within each level are all equal. they are called the hierarchy's default priorities. if a fifth criterion were added to this hierarchy, the default priority for each criteri... | wikipedia |
443bcd9dc43c67ae131a4431c053b7d212458c25 | by definition, the priority of the goal is | by definition, the priority of the goal is 1.000. the priorities of the alternatives always add up to 1.000. things can become complicated with multiple levels of criteria, but if there is only one level, their priorities also add to 1.000. all this is illustrated by the priorities in the example below. | wikipedia |
d17a0a4e566a54704cc20f1ae85b201211712464 | like probabilities, priorities are absolute numbers between zero | like probabilities, priorities are absolute numbers between zero and one, without units or dimensions. a node with priority.200 has twice the weight in reaching the goal as one with priority.100, ten times the weight of one with priority.020, and so forth. depending on the problem at hand, "weight" can refer to importa... | wikipedia |
24e4dfc0be3dc11e7ba080a9ce86c7f3bf6d7f40 | consider the "choose a leader" example above. an | consider the "choose a leader" example above. an important task of the decision makers is to determine the weight to be given each criterion in making the choice of a leader. another important task is to determine the weight to be given to each candidate with regard to each of the criteria. the ahp not only lets them d... | wikipedia |
b05bd5e4df191443a530107660e603662aee8580 | once the hierarchy has been constructed, the participants | once the hierarchy has been constructed, the participants analyze it through a series of pairwise comparisons that derive numerical scales of measurement for the nodes. the criteria are pairwise compared against the goal for importance. the alternatives are pairwise compared against each of the criteria for preference.... | wikipedia |
cdc91e49f147266306453d7e0a9c32ad845eac06 | to reduce the size of the drawing required, | to reduce the size of the drawing required, it is common to represent ahp hierarchies as shown in the diagram below, with only one node for each alternative, and with multiple lines connecting the alternatives and the criteria that apply to them. to avoid clutter, these lines are sometimes omitted or reduced in number.... | wikipedia |
4610c79fcbde33ff3cc9fcf924a1b0a2a10961e8 | applying these definitions to the diagram below, the | applying these definitions to the diagram below, the goal is the parent of the four criteria, and the four criteria are children of the goal. each criterion is a parent of the three alternatives. note that there are only three alternatives, but in the diagram, each of them is repeated under each of its parents. | wikipedia |
7da0c2e6aa879c6812e575f0870fbd66a034c4e7 | such a hierarchy can be visualized as a | such a hierarchy can be visualized as a diagram like the one immediately below, with the goal at the top, the three alternatives at the bottom, and the four criteria in between. there are useful terms for describing the parts of such diagrams: each box is called a node. a node that is connected to one or more nodes in ... | wikipedia |
1c9d0be603fff6ba279553be3c40d87a707a438c | the design of any ahp hierarchy will depend | the design of any ahp hierarchy will depend not only on the nature of the problem at hand, but also on the knowledge, judgments, values, opinions, needs, wants, etc. of the participants in the decision-making process. constructing a hierarchy typically involves significant discussion, research, and discovery by those i... | wikipedia |
bc76bdb511fe6bcdb07d875ccb0adcaf977d1647 | an ahp hierarchy is a structured means of | an ahp hierarchy is a structured means of modeling the decision at hand. it consists of an overall goal, a group of options or alternatives for reaching the goal, and a group of factors or criteria that relate the alternatives to the goal. the criteria can be further broken down into subcriteria, sub-subcriteria, and s... | wikipedia |
90b6ff5b07d32613764968910c193f0467bfe138 | similarly, when we approach a complex decision problem, | similarly, when we approach a complex decision problem, we can use a hierarchy to integrate large amounts of information into our understanding of the situation. as we build this information structure, we form a better and better picture of the problem as a whole. | wikipedia |
30d27113c96fbb8798ab2eed5b595b10f81c0db4 | think of the hierarchy that medical students use | think of the hierarchy that medical students use while learning anatomy—they separately consider the musculoskeletal system (including parts and subparts like the hand and its constituent muscles and bones), the circulatory system (and its many levels and branches), the nervous system (and its numerous components and s... | wikipedia |
56f976428170818a978973e1a2cde0bd9bc8d40c | in the world of ideas, we use hierarchies | in the world of ideas, we use hierarchies to help us acquire detailed knowledge of complex reality: we structure the reality into its constituent parts, and these in turn into their own constituent parts, proceeding down the hierarchy as many levels as we care to. at each step, we focus on understanding a single compon... | wikipedia |
1f48ec3ae741e0fbbe87d87262dadad8b3ae9ead | human organizations are often structured as hierarchies, where | human organizations are often structured as hierarchies, where the hierarchical system is used for assigning responsibilities, exercising leadership, and facilitating communication. familiar hierarchies of "things" include a desktop computer's tower unit at the "top", with its subordinate monitor, keyboard, and mouse "... | wikipedia |
b6ec92aaa28b29986132ffcd6ee8ff027fd1e325 | a hierarchy is a stratified system of ranking | a hierarchy is a stratified system of ranking and organizing people, things, ideas, etc., where each element of the system, except for the top one, is subordinate to one or more other elements. though the concept of hierarchy is easily grasped intuitively, it can also be described mathematically. diagrams of hierarchie... | wikipedia |
22a085bf2cc7af4929ff4131dd77725f334f9653 | the first step in the analytic hierarchy process | the first step in the analytic hierarchy process is to model the problem as a hierarchy. in doing this, participants explore the aspects of the problem at levels from general to detailed, then express it in the multileveled way that the ahp requires. as they work to build the hierarchy, they increase their understandin... | wikipedia |
a99e6e996085a2f83a5991136865122c7e0f1592 | as can be seen in the material that | as can be seen in the material that follows, using the ahp involves the mathematical synthesis of numerous judgments about the decision problem at hand. it is not uncommon for these judgments to number in the dozens or even the hundreds. while the math can be done by hand or with a calculator, it is far more common to ... | wikipedia |
38fad44d763eb3bc6cc720868eb93dee216d91da | the international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process | the international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process (isahp) holds biennial meetings of academics and practitioners interested in the field. a wide range of topics is covered. those in 2005 ranged from "establishing payment standards for surgical specialists", to "strategic technology roadmapping", to "infrast... | wikipedia |
388c14faee162473965c941bb240a5f526aec4df | though using the analytic hierarchy process requires no | though using the analytic hierarchy process requires no specialized academic training, it is considered an important subject in many institutions of higher learning, including schools of engineering and graduate schools of business. it is a particularly important subject in the quality field, and is taught in many spec... | wikipedia |
1858c74074a2ac9be14bdbb1a90433909ca9dc14 | ahp is sometimes used in designing highly specific | ahp is sometimes used in designing highly specific procedures for particular situations, such as the rating of buildings by historical significance. it was recently applied to a project that uses video footage to assess the condition of highways in virginia. highway engineers first used it to determine the optimum scop... | wikipedia |
637f597f34cb9e09c3ee5092515749798284771e | the applications of ahp include planning, resource allocation, | the applications of ahp include planning, resource allocation, priority setting, and selection among alternatives. other areas have included forecasting, total quality management, business process reengineering, quality function deployment, and the balanced scorecard. other uses of ahp are discussed in the literature: | wikipedia |
82bfa88a7613d15782bf12519a09dc2aa541e4d9 | while it can be used by individuals working | while it can be used by individuals working on straightforward decisions, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) is most useful where teams of people are working on complex problems, especially those with high stakes, involving human perceptions and judgments, whose resolutions have long-term repercussions. | wikipedia |
e9cbcf908473876e1fa4c493705edf7bcf842b7d | the ahp converts these evaluations to numerical values | the ahp converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. a numerical weight or priority is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incommensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way.... | wikipedia |
ecb270e3477e1c43615d60cb820a46b98423920e | once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers | once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers evaluate its various elements by comparing them to each other two at a time, with respect to their impact on an element above them in the hierarchy. in making the comparisons, the decision makers can use concrete data about the elements, and they can also use their judgm... | wikipedia |
ead70ff9090516c17dfbd611abf256a689113f14 | users of the ahp first decompose their decision | users of the ahp first decompose their decision problem into a hierarchy of more easily comprehended sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently. the elements of the hierarchy can relate to any aspect of the decision problem—tangible or intangible, carefully measured or roughly estimated, well or poorly u... | wikipedia |
e71f54a8e0f023827c30e2fe71cf22594fc88a18 | rather than prescribing a "correct" decision, the ahp | rather than prescribing a "correct" decision, the ahp helps decision makers find the decision that best suits their goal and their understanding of the problem. it provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elemen... | wikipedia |
ea31443bf7bcd97998b3d1bcf77eb2d1740fd596 | in the theory of decision making, the analytic | in the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. it was developed by thomas l. saaty in the 1970s; saaty partnered with ernest forman to develop expert... | wikipedia |
a1632845911df44ec3e4bc946c3fa9d843ffa218 | sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is | sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is a professor at the university of freiburg. her research focuses on the cell biology of the archaea sulfolobus acidocaldarius and haloferax volcanii. she was elected fellow of the american society for microbiology in 2023. | wikipedia |
8685a66a7f06ca3659fd3fe5b2c51925f0d16941 | albers has investigated the structure-property relationships of archaea | albers has investigated the structure-property relationships of archaea and the molecular mechanisms that underpin the transmission of environmental cues to its motility structure. archaea, one of the three domains of life, are single-cell life forms without a nucleus. they adapt to extreme living conditions (e.g. hot ... | wikipedia |
a37975d518248a1f976b7e45004107f6a7c42ae3 | in 2006, albers was awarded a dutch research | in 2006, albers was awarded a dutch research council vidi grant to establish her own group at the university of groningen. she moved to the max planck institute for terrestrial microbiology in 2008, where her research interests moved to understanding the archaea cell envelope. in 2014 she was made a professor of microb... | wikipedia |
b51c9a092078d4f898b6af92b66b1a09c1ce9f11 | albers attended high school in hamburg. she studied | albers attended high school in hamburg. she studied biology at the university of würzburg, during which time she completed an internship at the max planck institute of biochemistry and became interested in archaea. in munich, she met a researcher from the netherlands who studied archaea, and their research interested h... | wikipedia |
a1632845911df44ec3e4bc946c3fa9d843ffa218 | sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is | sonja-verena albers is a german microbiologist who is a professor at the university of freiburg. her research focuses on the cell biology of the archaea sulfolobus acidocaldarius and haloferax volcanii. she was elected fellow of the american society for microbiology in 2023. | wikipedia |
07c3f94d27e4088b29f0a77da9c26a87ed5abcd5 | amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who | amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who is professor of biosciences at teesside university. she works in public health, and is co-founder of the north east obesogenic environment network (neoen). she is concerned about the impact of energy drinks on children's health. | wikipedia |
d254075e7941b693d85a53e22bbdb0d51355b8c6 | lake i has been a scientific advisor for | lake i has been a scientific advisor for the british nutrition foundation, a member of the food standards agency register of specialists and of the british dietetic association research committee. she serves on the editorial board of bmc public health as well the british nutrition foundation 's bulletin. she serves on ... | wikipedia |
e950d71d22dbe6267931d969612207b80a42d3af | in 2017 lake joined teesside university as a | in 2017 lake joined teesside university as a reader in public health, and associate director of the centre for translational research in public health (fuse). she has argued for a sugary drink tax or ban on the sale of energy drinks to limit children's consumption of drinks and subsequent risk of obesity. as obesity an... | wikipedia |
27844212934ab74b7a3d507cfe293b27cff50dac | lake works on the obesogenic environment, which describes | lake works on the obesogenic environment, which describes the possible ways our environment influences people's likelihood of obesity. she joined northumbria university as an associate professor in 2010, before moving to durham university in 2011. lake believes that obesity is a global concern. she has investigated how... | wikipedia |
183f88b05aa05e13d85f1b3e1c177a4a9f6cb842 | lake studied public health at glasgow caledonian university, | lake studied public health at glasgow caledonian university, and graduated with first-class honours in 1999. she worked briefly for the national health service, before beginning her postgraduate career at newcastle university. she was awarded the british dietetic association elizabeth washington award. earned her phd i... | wikipedia |
07c3f94d27e4088b29f0a77da9c26a87ed5abcd5 | amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who | amelia a. lake is a british dietitian who is professor of biosciences at teesside university. she works in public health, and is co-founder of the north east obesogenic environment network (neoen). she is concerned about the impact of energy drinks on children's health. | wikipedia |
dbd361c1f0d22dc0e8d77796f8193becedd9a98a | a genus of bacteria called borrelia is named | a genus of bacteria called borrelia is named after him, as is borreliosis (i.e., lyme disease). moreover, "borrel bodies", which are tiny virus-containing granules that cluster to form "bollinger bodies", are found in tissue cells of fowlpox. (bollinger bodies are named after german pathologist otto bollinger). | wikipedia |
0aa2db823146714e002f8b46a7e8ad51a0fd330c | borrel studied natural sciences and medicine at the | borrel studied natural sciences and medicine at the university of montpellier, where he earned his degree in 1890. from 1892 to 1895, borrel worked in the laboratory of ilya ilyich metchnikoff (1845–1916) at the pasteur institute in paris. here he performed research of tuberculosis, and with alexandre yersin (1863–1943... | wikipedia |
c7de68a8e23dbede494f998385dfd1f821384546 | audrey jene deemer was a utility infielder and | audrey jene deemer was a utility infielder and pitcher for the chicago colleens, fort wayne daisies, and springfield sallies of the all-american girls professional baseball league in 1950. she played in 25 games, hitting .106 with nine hits, 14 runs scored, and six stolen bases. | wikipedia |
f45315fe6a25136f06311464aef8e9ddbd1d40d5 | she was born in steubenville, ohio. following her | she was born in steubenville, ohio. following her playing career, she worked as a police dispatcher for the powhatan point police department of powhatan point, ohio. she died in cadiz, ohio, three days before her 82nd birthday. | wikipedia |
3def9fd8bf13df1191ca5fdc527ce849047f321e | audrey jene deemer (september 28, 1930 – september | audrey jene deemer (september 28, 1930 – september 25, 2012) was a utility infielder and pitcher for the chicago colleens, fort wayne daisies, and springfield sallies of the all-american girls professional baseball league in 1950. she played in 25 games, hitting.106 with nine hits, 14 runs scored, and six stolen bases. | wikipedia |
843aa7ef6b3a66d32aa463258332f9075cf94b88 | the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania | the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania encompasses the beech forests of gashi in valbonë valley national park and rajcë in shebenik-jabllanicë national park. they form an integral section of the unesco world heritage site of ancient and primeval beech forests of the carpathians because for their outstanding ... | wikipedia |
dbd1f505cf66cae27b714945b5d5227ca3e71473 | the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania | the ancient and primeval beech forests of albania (albanian: pyjet e vjetër të ahut të shqipërisë) encompasses the beech forests of gashi in valbonë valley national park and rajcë in shebenik-jabllanicë national park. they form an integral section of the unesco world heritage site of ancient and primeval beech forests ... | wikipedia |
2ff8511aefb63a4c667c03739bbb112280b95e82 | brian elliott hayden frsc has been professor of | brian elliott hayden frsc has been professor of physical chemistry within chemistry at the university of southampton since 1995. he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and a phd in 1979 from the university of bristol. he was a postdoctoral fellow at the fritz haber institute of the max planck society from 1979 to 1984 develop... | wikipedia |
fac13920125d88d18baff137eb51dca5bd64c4e7 | he is a fellow of the royal society | he is a fellow of the royal society of chemistry and fellow of the institute of physics, has an h-index of 38, and is the author of over 18 active patent families including new catalysts and materials for low temperature fuel cells and solid state li-ion batteries. he is a founder and chief scientific officer of ilika ... | wikipedia |
98ee58490c478001cd8a214b7bae9edac4db7247 | he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and | he graduated with a bsc in 1976 and a phd in 1979 from the university of bristol. he was a postdoctoral fellow at the fritz haber institute of the max planck society from 1979 to 1984 developing surface sensitive optical spectroscopies, including ellipsometry and reflection absorption infra-red spectroscopy, for the in... | wikipedia |
7c423f77dee1d32f0eb35ed8f756fdf6c13a7355 | barbiturase is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name | barbiturase is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name is barbiturate amidohydrolase (3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate-forming). barbiturase acts as a catalyst in the second step of oxidative pyrimidine degradation, promoting the ring-opening hydrolysis of barbituric acid to ureidomalonic acid. although grouped int... | wikipedia |
9c26715de00d660f5cdfa9cc28c20e7df2847e7c | the equilibrium of the reaction favors the formation | the equilibrium of the reaction favors the formation of barbituric acid. barbiturase is very specific to barbituric acid and will not react with derivatives. urea, malonate, and cyanuric acid inhibit the hydrolysis of barbituric acid. dihydro-l-orotate is an intermediate in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and compe... | wikipedia |
7063c85a8c09ceecd43616d3c327c702fd57a530 | the molecular weight of barbiturase is 172000 kd. | the molecular weight of barbiturase is 172000 kd. its km is 1.0 mm. its vmax is 2.5 μmol/min/mg. the highest enzymatic activity of barbiturase is at ph 8 and 40-45 °c. above 55 °c barbiturase loses its activity. | wikipedia |
ca5bbc10fa171585b68898fdc957789014ca497c | barbiturase consists of four identical subunits, each bound | barbiturase consists of four identical subunits, each bound to a zinc (zn) atom. absorption spectrum analysis illustrates that zinc is the only cofactor present in barbiturase. unlike other zinc containing amidohydrolases, the zinc binding motif of barbiturase is found on the carboxylic acid terminus, specifically at a... | wikipedia |
8c2c749190fedd389e940bda23d483c76eba1771 | barbiturase (ec 3.5.2.1) is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its | barbiturase (ec 3.5.2.1) is a zinc-containing amidohydrolase. its systemic name is barbiturate amidohydrolase (3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate-forming). barbiturase acts as a catalyst in the second step of oxidative pyrimidine degradation, promoting the ring-opening hydrolysis of barbituric acid to ureidomalonic acid. althoug... | wikipedia |
89bb67106508759ed8fe2b24b69252de80ed8b48 | ralph kronig was a german physicist. he is | ralph kronig was a german physicist. he is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. his theories include the kronig–penney model, the coster–kronig transition and the kramers–kronig relations. | wikipedia |
c07abb43789069680d3d693ca0898fd81786defd | the kramers–kronig relation for dispersion was derived by | the kramers–kronig relation for dispersion was derived by kronig (1926) independently of kramers (1927). any satisfactory theory of dispersion must comply with the condition that the scattered wave can never appear in advance of the incident wave that produces it. hans kramers and kronig showed that this basic causalit... | wikipedia |
6c96ebb9d25684ed3646d5fd785ade419d903051 | the short range order data of hanawalt (1931b) | the short range order data of hanawalt (1931b) stimulated kronig (1932) to develop a theory for molecules. this model served as the starting point for all the subsequent short range order theories but few attempted to compare it to their data. kronig's student, h. petersen (1932, 1933) continued this work. peterson's e... | wikipedia |
daca43d595e924cce0a1b432e9de3b1f00281cb1 | ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory | ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory of x-ray absorption fine structure, which contained some of the basic concepts of the modern interpretation. the kronig-penney model (1931) is a one-dimensional model of a crystal that shows how the electrons in a crystal are dispersed into allowed and forbidden ban... | wikipedia |
96dfcf803ea13e57390d787878093bcb5747edfb | ralph kronig (1931, 1932), published the first theory | averaged over all directions with a non-polarized x-ray beam and a polycrystalline absorber, cos 2 q = 1. however, with a single crystal absorber and polarized x-rays the absorption features should be larger for specific crystal planes. this was another experimental variable that might verify the theory and many attem... | wikipedia |
48ae2bbf487be61e5ba451d94dbc2cd57b932a3f | ... his publications contain however, which is understandable | ... his publications contain however, which is understandable due to pauli's unusually critical attitude, only a small part of the work really carried out by him. pauli briefs in his papers on the finished results, but not on the long, often laborious way, which had led to them, and also not on incomplete attempts. a p... | wikipedia |
6c17792d299d24dd71e8187c140f2a8577b16daa | in 1927, kronig returned to europe for good | in 1927, kronig returned to europe for good and worked in different prominent centres of research: copenhagen, london, zürich (where for a year he was pauli's assistant). around 1930 he settled in the netherlands: first in utrecht, then in groningen, first as dirk coster 's assistant, and from 1931 as an associate prof... | wikipedia |
841ab533dcaaec5504eb5550abdef30e1ac9688f | werner heisenberg in developing quantum mechanics involved kronig | werner heisenberg in developing quantum mechanics involved kronig in his seminal ideas of the theory. in the beginning of may 1925, heisenberg wrote three times to ralph kronig, with whom he had cooperated a little earlier in copenhagen on the spectral theory of multi-electron atoms. in the second letter, dated 5 may, ... | wikipedia |
e7d43cdde37112be49eceffadf1b2b958df43ef2 | in january 1925, when kronig was still a | in january 1925, when kronig was still a columbia university phd student, he first proposed electron spin after hearing pauli in tübingen. heisenberg and pauli immediately hated the idea. they had just ruled out all imaginable actions from quantum mechanics. now kronig was proposing to set the electron rotating in spac... | wikipedia |
86d3774acc084ae34bb13f796348142984cae0e1 | early in kronig's career he had encountered paul | early in kronig's career he had encountered paul ehrenfest who, while visiting america in 1924, had advised the young physicist ralph kronig to revisit europe. kronig left for that continent later in 1924 and paid visits to the important centers for theoretical-physics research in germany and copenhagen. it was a time ... | wikipedia |
6a30f041de42e81eeed304bb0dd13d98d9a0b22d | ralph kronig (later ralph de laer kronig) was | ralph kronig (later ralph de laer kronig) was born on 10 march 1904 to german parents (harold theodor kronig, augusta de laer) in dresden, germany. he died in zeist on 16 november 1995 at the age of 91.kronig received his primary and high-school education in dresden and went to new york city to study at columbia univer... | wikipedia |
5fabd07a852c129de1fa6e0987494140e02d8dcf | ralph kronig (10 march 1904 – 16 november | ralph kronig (10 march 1904 – 16 november 1995) was a german physicist. he is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. his theories include the kronig–penney model, the coster–kronig transition and the kramers–kronig relations. | wikipedia |
deb0b9cc5c0c78eba78884e1c5a302caed18ecaf | randy wayne schekman is an american cell biologist | randy wayne schekman is an american cell biologist at the university of california, berkeley, former editor-in-chief of proceedings of the national academy of sciences and former editor of annual review of cell and developmental biology. in 2011, he was announced as the editor of elife, a new high-profile open-access j... | wikipedia |
ffb5da0ebbc9bc865353f8bf58cd761dff923b1b | in the fall of 2017, schekman's wife, nancy | in the fall of 2017, schekman's wife, nancy walls, died after a 20-year struggle with parkinson's disease. near the end of this difficult period schekman was enlisted to serve as the scientific director of a new effort called asap aimed at organizing an international program of collaborative research on the origins and... | wikipedia |
b4d49bae228d7200277198da14b9d1c5642a80b3 | in december 2013, schekman called for academic journal | in december 2013, schekman called for academic journal publishing reform and open access science publication by announcing that his lab at the university of california, berkeley would no longer submit to the prestigious closed-access journals nature, cell, and science, citing their self-serving and deleterious effects ... | wikipedia |
04051123444dede23a825fcc667383bf556a6e2e | schekman, thomas c. südhof, and james rothman were | schekman, thomas c. südhof, and james rothman were awarded the 2013 nobel prize for physiology or medicine "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells". schekman donated his share of the prize money, $400,000, to create an endowment for the esther and wendy sche... | wikipedia |
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