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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
f77f52a9f1bc77b7831e775d1ac74a37a3ad343d	there is one remaining degree of freedom that	there is one remaining degree of freedom that the designer can use to maximally linearise the phase/frequency response. this parameter is usually stated as the l/c ratio. as stated above, it is not practical to linearise the phase response above 180°, i.e. half a cycle, so once a maximum frequency of operation, f is ch...	wikipedia
d1b13e2fb50d55f364fed0352a0a3cfb4b4c4090	equivalently, every transmission pole, s in the s-domain	equivalently, every transmission pole, s in the s-domain left half-plane must have a matching zero, s in the right half-plane such that s =− s. a third parameter is set by choosing a resonant frequency, this is set to (at least) the maximum frequency the network is required to operate at.	wikipedia
f2a77f89118b7142c86f41e2bdad4a2ccfd0f630	the four component values of the network provide	the four component values of the network provide four degrees of freedom in the design. it is required from image theory (see zobel network) that the l/c branch and the l'/c' branch are the dual of each other (ignoring the transformer action) which provides two parameters for calculating component values. these are	wikipedia
0503899cb08cd3e0abbc6ae9eca57ab7cdc7b0a5	it is required that t is constant at	it is required that t is constant at all frequencies over the band of operation. φ must, therefore, be kept linearly proportional to ω. with a suitable choice of parameters, the network phase shift can be made linear up to about 180° phase shift.	wikipedia
4489a299aa2195a4defe768d5db10d7ccb5da917	the operation is best explained in terms of	the operation is best explained in terms of the phase shift the network introduces. at low frequencies l is low impedance and c' is high impedance and consequently the signal passes through the network with no shift in phase. as the frequency increases, the phase shift gradually increases, until at some frequency, ω, t...	wikipedia
99f6e7f23a61add54cd32cf203a475e57809985b	the network is used when it is required	the network is used when it is required that two or more signals are matched to each other on some form of timing criterion. delay is added to all other signals so that the total delay is matched to the signal which already has the longest delay. in television broadcasting, for instance, it is desirable that the timing...	wikipedia
af7ec51149a877243d269ac6476230f682742189	spouge is a style of barbadian popular music	spouge is a style of barbadian popular music created by jackie opel in the 1960s. it is primarily a fusion of jamaican ska with trinidadian calypso, but is also influenced by a wide variety of musics from the british isles and united states, including sea shanties, hymns, and spirituals. spouge instrumentation original...	wikipedia
8fbf403d96422844fbc60cd4b9ef0fe999d467ec	spouge is a style of barbadian popular music	, and calypso was popular in trinidad. jackie opel and his band the troubadours developed the spouge beat as barbados' answer to ska in jamaica and calypso in trinidad. spouge became so popular that every local band and singer in barbados and throughout the caribbean recorded their music using the spouge beat. after si...	wikipedia
ee077686d11f77dbd8f441367d3de88c6b6e70cf	the barbadian media does not promote spouge to	the barbadian media does not promote spouge to the extent that it can. in 2002, caribbean records inc. released a cd entitled vintage spouge with hits on it such as "gimme music" by mike grosvenor, "any day now" by richard stoute and a cover of sam cooke's "you send me", sung by spouge creator jackie opel. in 2024 "pur...	wikipedia
eca6b4d4401ac94174fe6170dc7ef3298bd4d3ad	in 2024 "pure spouge gospel" ep album was	in 2024 "pure spouge gospel" ep album was released which features five original songs written and performed by lana spooner-jack in the barbadian-owned genre spouge. the music for the album was composed by mixing and mastering engineer jeffrey y. grosvenor at his studio "edge cliff", in gatineau, quebec who added his o...	wikipedia
738a2871a7decbf5b69728fa4530df8ff60b68c6	in 2002, caribbean records inc. released a cd	in 2002, caribbean records inc. released a cd entitled vintage spouge with hits on it such as "gimme music" by mike grosvenor, "any day now" by richard stoute and a cover of sam cooke 's " you send me ", sung by spouge creator jackie opel.	wikipedia
d32f09665a2fecd590050899bee67b5dea900974	after six years, the art form declined. today,	after six years, the art form declined. today, very little spouge is played on the airwaves. spouge is only played on jackie opel day, independence day, heroes day, and errol barrow day. spouge has also declined for other reasons:	wikipedia
e12ba705373d2a29e75514633d0c897c28e56e49	in 1950, opel sang with a band at	in 1950, opel sang with a band at coconut creek club, st. james, and his jackie wilson like voice soon made him popular. opel appeared as a supporting act on some local shows with well-known overseas performers, and usually became the star performer as he vigorously performed every note and "out shone" the star. during...	wikipedia
8101445fc27b3c79ceaa5080b9530850ea60c371	two different kinds of spouge were popular in	two different kinds of spouge were popular in the 1960s, raw spouge (draytons two style) and dragon spouge (cassius clay style). the spouge industry grew immensely by the end of the 1970s, and produced popular stars such as the escorts international, blue rhythm combo, the draytons two, the troubadours, and desmond wee...	wikipedia
1020bc511f2343e4f42269100a703032f6693db8	spouge is a style of barbadian popular music	spouge is a style of barbadian popular music created by jackie opel in the 1960s. it is primarily a fusion of jamaican ska with trinidadian calypso, but is also influenced by a wide variety of musics from the british isles and united states, including sea shanties, hymns, and spirituals. spouge instrumentation original...	wikipedia
02815040d6e07d2bb6d2becde835ea50940e5e94	the 2008 gcc u-23 championship took place in	the 2008 gcc u-23 championship took place in riyadh, saudi arabia for the first time. five nations took part. the competition was held in riyadh from 6 to 17 january. saudi arabia won the title after defeating bahrain 1–0 on the final matchday.	wikipedia
02815040d6e07d2bb6d2becde835ea50940e5e94	the 2008 gcc u-23 championship took place in	the 2008 gcc u-23 championship took place in riyadh, saudi arabia for the first time. five nations took part. the competition was held in riyadh from 6 to 17 january. saudi arabia won the title after defeating bahrain 1–0 on the final matchday.	wikipedia
0431aad7c3e40b9833dd038ec10a35c7a8ba271c	the 2017–18 season was dunfermline athletic's second season	the 2017–18 season was dunfermline athletic's second season in the scottish championship, having finished 5th in the 2016–17 season. having finished the season fourth in the league, the club qualified for the quarter-final stage of the quarter-final stage of the scottish premiership play-offs. after a 0–0 draw with dun...	wikipedia
0e32cfc50b10a394e692c2541351156e6fe27988	during the 2017–18 season, fifteen dunfermline players scored	during the 2017–18 season, fifteen dunfermline players scored 84 goals in all competitions, with 1 goal having been an own goal scored by peterhead defender scott ross. striker nicky clark was the club's top scorer, with 21 goals in 48 competitive matches. clark was the only player to have scored a hat-trick, scoring f...	wikipedia
289cb94616285c17485654e2ece195c84f413fd0	during the 2017–18 season, dunfermline used twenty-seven different	during the 2017–18 season, dunfermline used twenty-seven different players in competitive matches. the table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player. right wing-back ryan williamson made the most appearances, playing forty-six out of a possible 48 games; nicky clark scored the most goal, w...	wikipedia
e1d1833451ce86bbd0d8a3e4c055f13990466b49	having finished the season fourth in the league,	having finished the season fourth in the league, the club qualified for the quarter-final stage of the quarter-final stage of the scottish premiership play-offs. after a 0–0 draw with dundee united at east end park, the pars lost the second leg 2–1 at tannadice. dunfermline also competed in the scottish challenge cup, ...	wikipedia
11614108af3e39717dece695d6ec814107e8e9d3	the men's 10,000 meter at the 2023 knsb	the men's 10,000 meter at the 2023 knsb dutch single distance championships took place in heerenveen at the thialf ice skating rink on sunday 5 february 2023. there were 10 participants. patrick roest and jorrit bergsma qualified for the 2023 isu world speed skating championships in heerenveen.	wikipedia
11614108af3e39717dece695d6ec814107e8e9d3	the men's 10,000 meter at the 2023 knsb	the men's 10,000 meter at the 2023 knsb dutch single distance championships took place in heerenveen at the thialf ice skating rink on sunday 5 february 2023. there were 10 participants. patrick roest and jorrit bergsma qualified for the 2023 isu world speed skating championships in heerenveen.	wikipedia
cf43da27db9764840eb7247ce7d21c81986cd58d	their first game came against army and through	their first game came against army and through a hard-fought 30 minutes the quakers proved victorious, earning the program's first win in over 9 years. after a second win three days later the team continued to practice for several weeks while they waited for their next game to be scheduled. in early february two games ...	wikipedia
3570d79c82b8313843af4705aaee0f6b8676c6e4	in its second season back, the ice hockey	in its second season back, the ice hockey team was recognized as a minor sport by the university. unlike the previous year, the weather grew cold enough that the team was able to hit the ice for practice in mid-december. since the university did not have a rink of its own, the one utilized by haverford college was used...	wikipedia
889229a088c83a78c280d37331fb61e27a0e08dc	the stark effect is the shifting and splitting	the stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. it is the electric-field analogue of the zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence of the magnetic field. although initially coined f...	wikipedia
40d63de86b97ea7ec621dc6a99cc32dbea4a59e2	the perturbative treatment of the stark effect has	the perturbative treatment of the stark effect has some problems. in the presence of an electric field, states of atoms and molecules that were previously bound (square-integrable), become formally (non-square-integrable) resonances of finite width. these resonances may decay in finite time via field ionization. for lo...	wikipedia
c783b8c51cb21503e587fd919d883f86f3c82141	with 2(2 j +1)-fold degenerate energy for \|k\|	with 2(2 j +1)-fold degenerate energy for \|k\| > 0 and (2 j +1)-fold degenerate energy for k=0.here d is an element of the wigner d-matrix. the first-order perturbation matrix on basis of the unperturbed rigid rotor function is non-zero and can be diagonalized. this gives shifts and splittingsin the rotational spectrum....	wikipedia
8588dc3f45a4c8bb565bc44414f9e8e667609bc7	the one-electron states with even ℓ {\displaystyle \ell	the one-electron states with even ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } are even under parity, while those with odd ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } are odd under parity. hence hydrogen-like atoms with n >1 show first-order stark effect.	wikipedia
f84c4972ef562bcfdddf82ae4109eb79e918f9c5	in order to obtain a non-zero matrix v	in order to obtain a non-zero matrix v for systems with an inversion center it is necessary that some of the unperturbed functions ψ i 0 {\displaystyle \psi _{i}^{0}} have opposite parity (obtain plus and minus under inversion), because only functions of opposite parity give non-vanishing matrix elements. degenerate ze...	wikipedia
d386a1cc9c8a2dec67dd0b0fdfbc4c36333aaa13	because the electric dipole moment is a vector	because the electric dipole moment is a vector (tensor of the first rank), the diagonal elements of the perturbation matrix v vanish between states with a certain parity. atoms and molecules possessing inversion symmetry do not have a (permanent) dipole moment and hence do not show a linear stark effect.	wikipedia
85d874c62cf96e317f83166897fe2678fd693c5a	let the unperturbed atom or molecule be in	let the unperturbed atom or molecule be in a g -fold degenerate state with orthonormal zeroth-order state functions ψ 1 0, …, ψ g 0 {\displaystyle \psi _{1}^{0},\ldots,\psi _{g}^{0}}. (non-degeneracy is the special case g = 1). according to perturbation theory the first-order energies are the eigenvalues of the g × g m...	wikipedia
dc7e5e903ade05d90e8579465211f8f06144f142	turning now to quantum mechanics an atom or	turning now to quantum mechanics an atom or a molecule can be thought of as a collection of point charges (electrons and nuclei), so that the second definition of the dipole applies. the interaction of atom or molecule with a uniform external field is described by the operator	wikipedia
9276c0180c463c0fbc3426ea58f445674e703ad5	classical macroscopic objects are usually neutral or quasi-neutral	classical macroscopic objects are usually neutral or quasi-neutral (q = 0 {\displaystyle q=0}), so the first, monopole, term in the expression above is identically zero. this is also the case for a neutral atom or molecule. however, for an ion this is no longer true. nevertheless, it is often justified to omit it in th...	wikipedia
b3a520ca649533484da82b7c03b81ae1bcc81b6f	where we introduced the electric field f i	where we introduced the electric field f i ≡ − (∂ ϕ ∂ r i) \| 0 {\textstyle f_{i}\equiv -\left.\left({\frac {\partial \phi }{\partial r_{i}}}\right)\right\|_{\mathbf {0} }} and assumed the origin 0 to be somewhere within v {\displaystyle {\mathcal {v}}}.therefore, the interaction becomes	wikipedia
d233dfaa35e3075ec5a0b9b39c5dcef6d1fcbc27	this expression is valid classically and quantum-mechanically alike.if	this expression is valid classically and quantum-mechanically alike.if the potential varies weakly over the charge distribution, the multipole expansion converges fast, so only a few first terms give an accurate approximation. namely, keeping only the zero- and first-order terms,	wikipedia
c8f57b00a63895465b527214d280446e15523d84	the stark effect originates from the interaction between	the stark effect originates from the interaction between a charge distribution (atom or molecule) and an external electric field.the interaction energy of a continuous charge distribution ρ (r) {\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {r})}, confined within a finite volume v {\displaystyle {\mathcal {v}}}, with an external electro...	wikipedia
c92d2e14bdd538644c2882cd7e7e6a8c05533662	the stark effect can lead to splitting of	the stark effect can lead to splitting of degenerate energy levels. for example, in the bohr model, an electron has the same energy whether it is in the 2s state or any of the 2p states. however, in an electric field, there will be hybrid orbitals (also called quantum superpositions) of the 2s and 2p states where the e...	wikipedia
746fb053b392c4b52b636c01a35cb22c114b9eeb	an electric field pointing from left to right,	an electric field pointing from left to right, for example, tends to pull nuclei to the right and electrons to the left. in another way of viewing it, if an electronic state has its electron disproportionately to the left, its energy is lowered, while if it has the electron disproportionately to the right, its energy i...	wikipedia
794a88df2e88a549baec71f60a7467ecb7461c73	while the first-order-perturbation (linear) stark effect in hydrogen	while the first-order-perturbation (linear) stark effect in hydrogen is in agreement with both the old bohr–sommerfeld model and the quantum-mechanical theory of the atom, higher-order corrections are not. measurements of the stark effect under high field strengths confirmed the correctness of the new quantum theory.	wikipedia