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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
e50da6d3c09a9f34eb32056288ac77c06ccf2b35	1425 tuorla, provisional designation 1937 gb, is a	1425 tuorla, provisional designation 1937 gb, is a stony eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 3 april 1937, by finnish astronomer kustaa inkeri at the iso-heikkilä observatory in turku, southwestern finland. the asteroid was named...	wikipedia
7de44395bda70059763cdb3e5fd14cdd1ad47e93	this minor planet was named after the tuorla	this minor planet was named after the tuorla observatory, the research institute for astronomy and optics, of the university of turku, located in piikkiö near turku, finland. the tuorla observatory was established by prolific minor-planet discoverer yrjö väisälä in 1952, as an alternative to the iso-heikkilä observator...	wikipedia
e91d870e46cd83391f5c6bda834af65e9b2fa982	according to the surveys carried out by the	according to the surveys carried out by the infrared astronomical satellite iras, the japanese akari satellite and the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, tuorla measures between 11.795 and 14.94 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2390 and 0.383. the collaborative ...	wikipedia
37205b39338de46145b31923e2b38071ddf93e34	in april 2013, the so-far best-rated a rotational	in april 2013, the so-far best-rated a rotational lightcurve of tuorla was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer vladimir benishek at belgrade observatory in serbia. lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.75 hours (h) with a brightness variation of 0.24 magnitude (u=3). other lightc...	wikipedia
1ca6ab534ee9c330ecf3f274808eb3dda613c632	tuorla is a member of the eunomia family	tuorla is a member of the eunomia family (502), a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members. it orbits the sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 au once every 4 years and 3 months (1,542 days). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 13...	wikipedia
e50da6d3c09a9f34eb32056288ac77c06ccf2b35	1425 tuorla, provisional designation 1937 gb, is a	1425 tuorla, provisional designation 1937 gb, is a stony eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 3 april 1937, by finnish astronomer kustaa inkeri at the iso-heikkilä observatory in turku, southwestern finland. the asteroid was named...	wikipedia
0b69f92ace1594e70e1d5e6b4bceca8bc5d236a4	the 1922–23 season was manchester city f.c.'s thirty-second	the 1922–23 season was manchester city f.c.'s thirty-second season of league football, and ninth consecutive season in the football league first division, excluding the four years during the first world war in which no competitive football was played. the season was the last in which manchester city would play at their...	wikipedia
3bbda63fe73e729cf84199c28161058d3bca0234	the season was the last in which manchester	the season was the last in which manchester city would play at their hyde road stadium, the ground having been declared too small for the growing ambitions of the club, the move having been hastened by a devastating fire burning down the main stand back in november 1920. the following season the club made the transitio...	wikipedia
7acab1eaca13273c371b0781e68d8ab3b3a99291	the 1922–23 season was manchester city f.c. '	the 1922–23 season was manchester city f.c. ' s thirty-second season of league football, and ninth consecutive season in the football league first division, excluding the four years during the first world war in which no competitive football was played.	wikipedia
500762e70d95a30c0ccefd07f1667876bd8f4892	2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase is an enzyme with systematic name	2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase is an enzyme with systematic name 1-(2,6-dihydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one hydrolase. this enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction the enzyme is present in the soil bacterium arthrobacter nicotinovorans.	wikipedia
3209b8be7b4580de41412ae7aaeea7bf01c6356a	2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase (ec 3.7.1.19) is an enzyme with	2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase (ec 3.7.1.19) is an enzyme with systematic name 1-(2,6-dihydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one hydrolase. this enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction	wikipedia
c44449de75dc8b6f34a54e30a42bb6ae3aec6185	snow science addresses how snow forms, its distribution,	snow science addresses how snow forms, its distribution, and processes affecting how snowpacks change over time. scientists improve storm forecasting, study global snow cover and its effect on climate, glaciers, and water supplies around the world. the study includes physical properties of the material as it changes, b...	wikipedia
26dd50f4a1aa7c25ad7319db8da9a28b2a0ac4aa	given the importance of snowmelt to agriculture, hydrological	given the importance of snowmelt to agriculture, hydrological runoff models that include snow in their predictions address the phases of accumulating snowpack, melting processes, and distribution of the meltwater through stream networks and into the groundwater. key to describing the melting processes are solar heat fl...	wikipedia
cca7068d48e978f876aea8d803a56aed53490799	global climate change models (gcms) incorporate snow as	global climate change models (gcms) incorporate snow as a factor in their calculations. some important aspects of snow cover include its albedo (reflectivity of light) and insulating qualities, which slow the rate of seasonal melting of sea ice. as of 2011, the melt phase of gcm snow models were thought to perform poor...	wikipedia
b89401ca1e1d49dffe61bb273e207421078ce8c0	the most frequently used methods to map and	the most frequently used methods to map and measure snow extent, snow depth and snow water equivalent employ multiple inputs on the visible–infrared spectrum to deduce the presence and properties of snow. the national snow and ice data center (nsidc) uses the reflectance of visible and infrared radiation to calculate a...	wikipedia
c2f23ed11fce3f838f1d99954fdb19cec5b68eb8	satellite observations record a decrease in snow-covered areas	satellite observations record a decrease in snow-covered areas since the 1960s, when satellite observations began. in some regions such as china, a trend of increasing snow cover has been observed (from 1978 to 2006). these changes are attributed to global climate change, which may lead to earlier melting and less aea ...	wikipedia
ce77d47d034273249763ceb41d470d39e0fd9000	remote sensing of snowpacks with satellites and other	remote sensing of snowpacks with satellites and other platforms typically includes multi-spectral collection of imagery. sophisticated interpretation of the data obtained allows inferences about what is observed. the science behind these remote observations has been verified with ground-truth studies of the actual cond...	wikipedia
b88bdfc4d9bd7ae4511dd2e2b3f9210e1ff768a6	each such layer of a snowpack differs from	each such layer of a snowpack differs from the adjacent layers by one or more characteristics that describe its microstructure or density, which together define the snow type, and other physical properties. thus, at any one time, the type and state of the snow forming a layer have to be defined because its physical and...	wikipedia
f45e849123338c9280bd61c0f7aed2c5af91982b	liquid equivalent by snow gauge – the liquid	liquid equivalent by snow gauge – the liquid equivalent of snowfall may be evaluated using a snow gauge or with a standard rain gauge having a diameter of 100 mm (4 in; plastic) or 200 mm (8 in; metal). rain gauges are adjusted to winter by removing the funnel and inner cylinder and allowing the snow/freezing rain to c...	wikipedia
ffe4d9aa0d708d9e92d9aa95639e5bd4350ff9eb	depth – depth of snow is measured with	depth – depth of snow is measured with a snowboard (typically a piece of plywood painted white) observed during a six-hour period. at the end of the six-hour period, all snow is cleared from the measuring surface. for a daily total snowfall, four six-hour snowfall measurements are summed. snowfall can be very difficult...	wikipedia
5b6878a6a9bf145f7ef4a556f152b890589d5bfc	snow scientists typically excavate a snow pit within	snow scientists typically excavate a snow pit within which to make basic measurements and observations. observations can describe features caused by wind, water percolation, or snow unloading from trees. water percolation into a snowpack can create flow fingers and ponding or flow along capillary barriers, which can re...	wikipedia
97d79392755b862a84f3f4d98bb3f2ac0b6b985b	further interest in artificial snowflake genesis continued in	further interest in artificial snowflake genesis continued in 1982 with toshio kuroda and rolf lacmann, of the braunschweig university of technology, publishing growth kinetics of ice from the vapour phase and its growth forms. in august 1983, astronauts synthesized snow crystals in orbit on the space shuttle challenge...	wikipedia
65593e45b986079bfdbaf1e5f528aa9276b2f312	ukichiro nakaya began an extensive study on snowflakes	ukichiro nakaya began an extensive study on snowflakes in 1932. from 1936 to 1949, nakaya created the first artificial snow crystals and charted the relationship between temperature and water vapor saturation, later called the nakaya diagram and other works of research in snow, which were published in 1954 by harvard u...	wikipedia
2d06916bbb716e91bdb1fb2164ad268550796a8f	snow was described in china, as early as	snow was described in china, as early as 135 bce in han ying's book disconnection, which contrasted the pentagonal symmetry of flowers with the hexagonal symmetry of snow. albertus magnus proved what may be the earliest detailed european description of snow in 1250. johannes kepler attempted to explain why snow crystal...	wikipedia
c44449de75dc8b6f34a54e30a42bb6ae3aec6185	snow science addresses how snow forms, its distribution,	snow science addresses how snow forms, its distribution, and processes affecting how snowpacks change over time. scientists improve storm forecasting, study global snow cover and its effect on climate, glaciers, and water supplies around the world. the study includes physical properties of the material as it changes, b...	wikipedia
139b5a6cf4e5a25b27e69fcc9b8c9bbd271141f0	stephen r. barley is an american organizational theorist	stephen r. barley is an american organizational theorist and christian a. felipe professor of technology management at the college of engineering at the university of california santa barbara. previously he was the richard w. weiland professor in the school of engineering at stanford university and the stanford graduat...	wikipedia
fe1fcbcfff72f86138550ebbdc7c5eb0129b6d59	barley was a professor in the school of	barley was a professor in the school of industrial and labor relations at cornell university between 1984 and 1994 and joined the department of management science and engineering at stanford university in 1994. the national research council and the national academy of sciences ' committee on the changing occupational s...	wikipedia
cdcc2d15a59fe85b19a8af8105c1c25fe3e54b97	barley received his a.b. in english from the	barley received his a.b. in english from the college of william and mary in 1975, a m.a. in student personnel administration from the ohio state university in 1977, and a ph.d. from the mit sloan school of management in 1984. his dissertation was entitled "the professional, the semi-professional, and the machine: the s...	wikipedia
fbada02125df7f654ea19e2c5a019dd7b66da847	stephen r. barley (born february 16, 1953) is	stephen r. barley (born february 16, 1953) is an american organizational theorist and christian a. felipe professor of technology management at the college of engineering at the university of california santa barbara. previously he was the richard w. weiland professor in the school of engineering at stanford university...	wikipedia
0fd0ceb403b899b23a246dd4ad597ba788b49a8a	the 1988 kerry senior football championship was the	the 1988 kerry senior football championship was the 88th staging of the kerry senior football championship since its establishment by the kerry county board in 1889. the championship ran from 18 june to 2 october 1988. kenmare entered the championship as the defending champions. the final was played on 2 october 1988 a...	wikipedia
0eed8f237c839c9e68e9ca7c0f97dbf7b2c1ee66	the final was played on 2 october 1988	the final was played on 2 october 1988 at austin stack park in tralee, between st. kieran's and dr. crokes, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. st. kieran's won the match by 0-10 to 0-03 to claim their first ever championship title.	wikipedia
5e88b55e7c5a3d59c570a7b0ba7724ffdb9a5402	the 1988 kerry senior football championship was the	the 1988 kerry senior football championship was the 88th staging of the kerry senior football championship since its establishment by the kerry county board in 1889. the championship ran from 18 june to 2 october 1988.	wikipedia
5906bedbb711db65a968e5a4075cc4eb3d02e200	the 1978–79 ohio bobcats men's basketball team represented	the 1978–79 ohio bobcats men's basketball team represented ohio university as a member of the mid-american conference in the college basketball season of 1978–79. the team was coached by dale bandy in his fifth season at ohio. they played their home games at convocation center. the bobcats finished with a record of 16–...	wikipedia
5906bedbb711db65a968e5a4075cc4eb3d02e200	the 1978–79 ohio bobcats men's basketball team represented	the 1978–79 ohio bobcats men's basketball team represented ohio university as a member of the mid-american conference in the college basketball season of 1978–79. the team was coached by dale bandy in his fifth season at ohio. they played their home games at convocation center. the bobcats finished with a record of 16–...	wikipedia
f622c811ff04648a383d7d1bdb3bf15841b24154	eugène albert athanase callay (born february 21, 1822,	eugène albert athanase callay (born february 21, 1822, in montcornet, aisne and died in le chesne, ardennes march 24, 1896) was a french pharmacist and amateur botanist who worked on classifying the flora of the department of the ardennes.	wikipedia
a430a9e6ed03ff3d7c36b904fb89b20fb9832efb	(154276) 2002 sy50, provisional designation 2002 sy50, is	(154276) 2002 sy50, provisional designation 2002 sy50, is a stony asteroid on a highly eccentric orbit, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, approximately 1.1 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 30 september 2002, by astronomers with the lincoln near-earth ast...	wikipedia
cbd1b500285c5711d6feee6603c9e87b77e2ad8c	according to the survey carried out by the	according to the survey carried out by the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, this asteroid measures 1.06 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.14, while the collaborative asteroid lightcurve link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diam...	wikipedia
bddd3ab9fc8d67bb6b430534ab7a28c5ddfc1a07	in october 2002, a rotational lightcurve of this	in october 2002, a rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations by italian astronomer gianluca masi at the campo catino astronomical observatory (468). lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.823 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.52 magnitude (u=3).	wikipedia
5dfff94a3faeb3d9b5f5c68e01ba1e7495b136a4	in november 1933, it approached earth at a	in november 1933, it approached earth at a nominal distance of 0.098 au (38 ld), and in november 2002 at 0.084 au (33 ld). its closest near-earth encounter is predicted to occur on 30 october 2071, at a distance of 0.0088 au (3.4 ld) only (see table).	wikipedia
80297efefe9958899d224e0f61934728ae405a62	the asteroid has an earth minimum orbital intersection	the asteroid has an earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.0027 au (404,000 km; 251,000 mi), which corresponds to 1.05 lunar distances and makes it a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its sufficiently large size.	wikipedia