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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
3c8be651a3fe7a509e4a269b549c69a10d742a6f	it was announced on 3 august 2014 that	it was announced on 3 august 2014 that 7 of the 8 quarter-finalists from the last world cup would qualify automatically for the 2017 tournament; hosts australia and new zealand, plus england, fiji, france, samoa and scotland. the usa, who were also 2013 quarter-finalists, were denied automatic qualification after a lon...	wikipedia
f6b9416a80e1259bd507896237fd2003a295b770	michael brown, the ceo of several big name	michael brown, the ceo of several big name australian sporting franchises and the 2015 afc asian cup, was originally appointed ceo of the world cup in 2015, but resigned less than a year later due to 'workload' and 'homesickness'. he was replaced by andrew hill.	wikipedia
602513fcbd7ad97a5d94d3505f468c7c56580ee9	two formal bids were subsequently received by the	two formal bids were subsequently received by the rlif before a november 2012 deadline; the co-host bid from australia and new zealand and a bid from south africa. on 19 february 2014, it was announced that the joint bid from australia and new zealand had won hosting rights.	wikipedia
a116d4af9e237b85528e6b0458b36c8e0fab2db8	the 2017 rugby league world cup was the	the 2017 rugby league world cup was the fifteenth staging of the rugby league world cup tournament and took place in australia, new zealand and papua new guinea between 27 october and 2 december 2017. the tournament featured the national teams of 14 rugby league international federation member countries who qualified t...	wikipedia
e5966643656225e105bb39e5cdb217d3add641d9	the tournament is divided into two pools, pool	the tournament is divided into two pools, pool a and pool b, consisting of four teams in a round-robin format. at the conclusion of the pool stage, teams progress to the quarterfinals, where the winners progress to contest the medals, while the losing teams playoff for fifth to eighth place.	wikipedia
fe116845e27693c1308153c8ae9cba1ba47303d0	the 2014 pff peace cup was the third	the 2014 pff peace cup was the third edition of the tournament, an international football competition organized by the philippine football federation (pff) to celebrate peace month in the country through football. it was held at the rizal memorial stadium in manila and was originally scheduled to take place from septem...	wikipedia
9e61c01a34d7abac958c0a8ef98f64fb2c45e5a4	the tournament was originally to be a single	the tournament was originally to be a single round-robin tournament format with match dates on september 3, 6 and 9. however, the pff received an advisory from fifa on august 28 informing them of the new "two-match per international window" regulations. therefore, the pff revised the format to allot a maximum of two ma...	wikipedia
1ba4d450e6cc979b008f622afcd5769da39a683f	pff president mariano araneta stated that the teams	pff president mariano araneta stated that the teams being initially eyed are chinese taipei, myanmar, palestine and vietnam. the pff were due to announce the final list of invited teams on august 6, a day after the 2014 aff suzuki cup draw in hanoi, vietnam. at the draw, where philippines coach thomas dooley was in att...	wikipedia
fe116845e27693c1308153c8ae9cba1ba47303d0	the 2014 pff peace cup was the third	the 2014 pff peace cup was the third edition of the tournament, an international football competition organized by the philippine football federation (pff) to celebrate peace month in the country through football. it was held at the rizal memorial stadium in manila and was originally scheduled to take place from septem...	wikipedia
b59e64d298b307299d6aa16821011904f0308512	the 2017–18 get-ligaen was the 79th season of	the 2017–18 get-ligaen was the 79th season of norway's premier ice hockey league, get-ligaen. the regular season began in september 2017. there was no team changes from the 2016–17 season.	wikipedia
5210fe1485f47ad3500d3deb689b21b66ba0e9d4	after the regular season had ended, the two	after the regular season had ended, the two lowest ranked teams in the league and the two highest ranked teams in the 1. divisjon competed for the right to play in the 2018–19 get-ligaen. the tournament was organized according to a double round robin format, where each club played the others twice, home and away, for a...	wikipedia
791aad38e21422bb6612121884879fa52168982b	after the regular season, the top eight teams	after the regular season, the top eight teams qualified for the playoffs. in the first and second rounds, the highest remaining seed chose which of the two lowest remaining seeds to be matched against. in each round the higher-seeded team was awarded home ice advantage. each best-of-seven series followed a 1–1–1–1–1–1–...	wikipedia
52d2e658c585689ce0d90415c68fb3c0259d4620	list shows the ten best skaters based on	list shows the ten best skaters based on the number of points during the regular season. if two or more skaters are tied (i.e. same number of points, goals and played games), all of the tied skaters are shown. updated as of february 27, 2018.	wikipedia
9114eb40f1b4296df602d111871d58edbdea0d2e	since nye jordal amfi will not be completed	since nye jordal amfi will not be completed until the 2019–20 season, vålerenga used furuset forum as a temporary arena the whole season. previous to vålerengas match against storhamar november 13, furuset forums capacity was 1,450.	wikipedia
322151c28b68b9a7a4cfa2f9f194ea976be5edf5	agriculture employs the majority of madagascar's population. mainly	agriculture employs the majority of madagascar's population. mainly involving smallholders, agriculture has seen different levels of state organisation, shifting from state control to a liberalized sector. rice is the main produce and main export crop of madagascar. it is mainly planted in a terraced paddy system in th...	wikipedia
79f5f3b5d2ab399e2e549e52a1039126054bc038	the madagascar dry deciduous forests have been preserved	the madagascar dry deciduous forests have been preserved generally better than the eastern rainforests or the high central plateau, presumably due to historically less population density and scarcity of water; moreover, the present day lack of road access further limits human access. there has been some slash-and-burn ...	wikipedia
9a8e01c261153e6c0c788c1fe1ac3bc7881ef61f	most of the historical farming in madagascar has	most of the historical farming in madagascar has been conducted by indigenous peoples. the french colonial period disturbed a very small percentage of land area, and even included some useful experiments in sustainable forestry. slash-and-burn techniques, a component of some shifting cultivation systems have been pract...	wikipedia
6a2b916eb87f948e1d2de48f0b9d61d511ac788a	livestock production is limited in part because of	livestock production is limited in part because of traditional patterns of livestock ownership that have hampered commercialization. beef exports in the early 1990s decreased because of poor government marketing practices, rundown slaughtering facilities, and inadequate veterinary services. approximately 99 percent of ...	wikipedia
a4774a18629de812bf00efe29fc3044a3e17a31d	the fisheries sector, especially the export of shrimp,	the fisheries sector, especially the export of shrimp, is the most rapidly growing area of the agricultural economy. this production is making up for lost revenues and potential structural decline within the ailing coffee, vanilla, and clove trade. since 1988 total fish production has expanded nearly 23 percent from 92...	wikipedia
b678ed927a4ae31d32bbe2e3e1525fdf0ec09cc4	as with other export crops that have experienced	as with other export crops that have experienced fluctuations over the decades, vanilla, which had seen a resurgence in the years prior, has encountered severe challenges during the 2024 growing season. the destruction wrought by cyclone gamane has been profound, with the vanilla plantations bearing the brunt of the st...	wikipedia
64a2cf4e40228fdebf860e3339f451961a60f68b	two other export crops-- cloves and vanilla —have	two other export crops-- cloves and vanilla —have also declined in importance from the 1980s to the 1990s. indonesia, the primary importer of malagasy cloves, temporarily halted purchases in 1983 as a result of sufficient domestic production, and left madagascar with a huge surplus. a collapse in international prices f...	wikipedia
e364477e80534860ddf416cedc05983f98a2646a	several export crops are also important to madagascar's	several export crops are also important to madagascar's economy. coffee prices witnessed a boom during the 1980s, making coffee the leading export crop of the decade; in 1986 coffee earned a record profit of us$151 million. prices within the coffee market gradually declined during the remainder of the 1980s, and earnin...	wikipedia
4379561c13f98b93377d25c426307de4ed31944d	other food crops have witnessed small increases in	other food crops have witnessed small increases in production from 1985 to 1992. cassava, the second major food crop in terms of area planted (almost everywhere on the island) and probably in quantity consumed, increased in production from 2.14 million tons in 1985 to 2.32 million tons in 1992. during this same period,...	wikipedia
6cc7f59688e27260aebd942ff7d303745370d25d	in february 1994, cyclone geralda hit madagascar just	in february 1994, cyclone geralda hit madagascar just as the rice harvesting was to start and had a serious impact on the self-sufficiency goal. in addition, the southern tip of madagascar suffered from severe drought in late 1993, resulting in emergency assistance to 1 million people from the united nations (un) world...	wikipedia
1c37411053f969b26a9cf46a614d8956d1b6ef86	to promote domestic production and reduce foreign imports	to promote domestic production and reduce foreign imports of rice, the ratsiraka regime enacted a series of structural adjustment reforms during the 1980s. these included the removal of government subsidies on the consumer purchase price of rice in 1984 and the disbanding of the state marketing monopoly controlled by s...	wikipedia
e2da59f617775745e6a3f04b62e398c1c1792e12	the inefficient system of agricultural supply and marketing,	the inefficient system of agricultural supply and marketing, which since 1972 increasingly had been placed under direct state control, was a major factor inhibiting more efficient and expanded rice production. from 1973 to 1977, one major parastatal agency, the association for the national interest in agricultural prod...	wikipedia
e107910d0ba528addbef8519024f0dc81fde1f67	the evolution of rice production—the main staple food	the evolution of rice production—the main staple food and the dominant crop—offers insight into some problems associated with agricultural production that were compounded by the ratsiraka years. rice production grew by less than 1 percent per year during the 1970–79 period, despite the expansion of the cultivated paddy...	wikipedia
9317b2cc6b086d10eed42fb710d446b305782c6e	the government significantly reorganized the agricultural sector of	the government significantly reorganized the agricultural sector of the economy beginning in 1972. shortly after ratsiraka assumed power, the government announced that holdings in excess of 500 hectares would be turned over to landless families, and in 1975 it reported that 500,000 hectares of land had been processed u...	wikipedia
14961ec4bef126de9a20bacd49fe05e08b820659	the 1984–85 agricultural census estimated that 8.7 million	the 1984–85 agricultural census estimated that 8.7 million people live in the rural areas and that 65 percent of the active poption within these areas lives at the subsistence level. the census also noted that average farm size was 1.2 hectares, although irrigated rice plots in the central highlands were often 0.5 hect...	wikipedia
d5ecf1e87ae1653f53f966767b99295733b86b99	extensive stands of ebony, rosewood and mahogany flourish	extensive stands of ebony, rosewood and mahogany flourish on the east coast. in 2009, the timber cut was approximately 25 million cubic metres (880 × 10 cu ft). wood production is from natural forests and is almost entirely consumed locally for fuel and construction. bush fires and illegal logging further exacerbate th...	wikipedia
6611821259e5c4152da91ba3e24f916a362038c3	fishing is popular as a sideline by farmers	fishing is popular as a sideline by farmers who supplement their farm produce with fish from freshwater rivers, lakes, and ponds. perhaps two-thirds of the total yearly catch is consumed for subsistence; transportation costs to the capital make the price of marketed fish prohibitively expensive to other domestic consum...	wikipedia
3d719e9d7658c62676909ca3290f3214bc15af91	the traditional livestock -raising peoples are the bara,	the traditional livestock -raising peoples are the bara, sakalava, and other groups of the south and the west, where almost every family owns some zebu cattle. the common practice is to allow the animals to graze almost at will, and the farmers take few precautions against the popular custom of cattle stealing. these f...	wikipedia
7ebbc895342d552ddb55ebb3f23b1f8284cdf365	both on the highlands and on the coasts,	both on the highlands and on the coasts, many farmers use fishing as a complement to agriculture and livestock, but it remains characterized by the use of rudimentary tools and materials and inadequate conservation. madagascar has enormous potential in the fisheries sector (notably along its western coast in the provin...	wikipedia
1e930b6050290d97a409038a06185c2af2167de6	livestock is widespread, with about 60 percent of	livestock is widespread, with about 60 percent of rural families depending on it for their income. animal production is dominated by extensive livestock rearing, pigs and poultry. there is also a growing modern poultry industry around the main cities. in 2008, livestock accounted for 9.7 million of head of cattle, 2 mi...	wikipedia
0e7186220a07b7c4849b3b8f62136b03f062b343	rice-farming techniques among the merina resemble those of	rice-farming techniques among the merina resemble those of the betsileo but are usually less advanced and intensive. the merina territory includes some areas where land is more plentiful, and broader areas permit less laborious means of irrigation and terracing. although rice is still the dominant crop, more dryland sp...	wikipedia
3165c5e317d58179d76b9133477cd982dc5c4383	the cultivation cycle begins with the repair of	the cultivation cycle begins with the repair of irrigation and drainage canals and plowing, which is performed with a longhandled spade or hoe. manure or fertilizer is then spread over the field. if the supply of manure or artificial fertilizer is limited, only the seedbeds are fertilized. after fertilizing, family and...	wikipedia
7ebd49cb422c582981bc53ab423ad7d0cc9888d3	in parts of the central highlands two rice	in parts of the central highlands two rice crops a year can be grown, but not on the same plot. the betsileo use a variety of local species that can be sown at different times, employing irrigation to grow some varieties in the dry season and waiting for the rainy season to plant others. the fields surrounding the typi...	wikipedia
9a8cbad9edef7eae22c15d3dc817ded02726141a	the betsileo are probably the most efficient traditional	the betsileo are probably the most efficient traditional rice farmers. they construct rice paddies on narrow terraces ascending the sides of steep valleys in the southern portion of the central highlands, creating an intricate landscape reminiscent of indonesia. the irrigation systems use all available water, which flo...	wikipedia
0862bdb999c5b2191ad6623ba89d3e75c452af03	dry-season cultivation in empty streambeds is practiced largely	dry-season cultivation in empty streambeds is practiced largely on the western coast and in the southwest and is called baiboho. the crops are sown after the last rising of the waters during the rainy seasons, and after the harvest fresh alluvial deposits naturally replenish the soil. lima beans (also known as cape pea...	wikipedia
08f17a4f689729bd8f87ebac3c463690c1f9f6df	a similar system of shifting cultivation is practiced	a similar system of shifting cultivation is practiced in the arid, sparsely populated regions of the extreme south and southwest. the dry brush or grassland is burned off, and drought-resistant sorghum or corn is sown in the ashes. in the antandroy and some mahafaly areas, however, the main staples of subsistence-- cas...	wikipedia