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in mathematics, juxtaposition of symbols is the adjacency
in mathematics, juxtaposition of symbols is the adjacency of factors with the absence of an explicit operator in an expression, especially for commonly used for multiplication: a x {\displaystyle ax} denotes the product of a {\displaystyle a} with x {\displaystyle x}, or a {\displaystyle a} times x {\displaystyle x}. i...
wikipedia
8e36079bac38c2e0c1d54893ad4ec92eddf035c7
in algebra, multiplication involving variables is often written
in algebra, multiplication involving variables is often written as a juxtaposition (e.g., x y {\displaystyle xy} for x {\displaystyle x} times y {\displaystyle y} or 5 x {\displaystyle 5x} for five times x {\displaystyle x}), also called implied multiplication. the notation can also be used for quantities that are surr...
wikipedia
c176cf119e0593a7f5cea72063fd328942a74456
in grammar, juxtaposition refers to the absence of
in grammar, juxtaposition refers to the absence of linking elements in a group of words that are listed together. thus, where english uses the conjunction and (e.g. mother and father), many languages use simple juxtaposition ("mother father"). in logic, juxtaposition is a logical fallacy on the part of the observer, wh...
wikipedia
f08c2e558f3e99076840b35e6ecd81539f73dbe3
in visual perception, juxtaposition is the absence of
in visual perception, juxtaposition is the absence of relations between details; syncretism is a vision of the whole which creates a vague but all-inclusive schema, supplanting the details. in verbal intelligence juxtaposition is the absence of relations between the various terms of a sentence; syncretism is the all-ro...
wikipedia
9b7d7a70e7bc4568c21fa08c990c22b8baa21d53
juxtaposition in literary terms is the showing contrast
juxtaposition in literary terms is the showing contrast by concepts placed side by side. an example of juxtaposition are the quotes "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country", and "let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate", both by john f. kennedy, who...
wikipedia
47915efaaf9736bca32d398f1415ba86c34a400c
fritz johann hansgirg (1891–1949) was an austrian electrochemist
fritz johann hansgirg (1891–1949) was an austrian electrochemist and metallurgist who in 1928 invented a carbothermic magnesium reduction process. in 1934, he left austria for the empire of japan where he worked with industrialist shitagau noguchi to set up a magnesium plant, and then helped build a pilot plant to prod...
wikipedia
93ed63efa6eaab9d378de6eecfd7ebf3ab5c4d9e
immediately after the war, the soviet union invaded
immediately after the war, the soviet union invaded and occupied northern korea and took possession of hansgirg's magnesium and heavy water plants in hungnam. they transferred the technology back to russia for integration into their own atomic bomb program. the u.s. manhattan project also utilized hansgirg's electrolyt...
wikipedia
22075f1cb8fd3b48254ae31dcb85a2e4c3727829
on july 23, 1949, hansgirg died unexpectedly at
on july 23, 1949, hansgirg died unexpectedly at the age of 58. the cause of death is unknown, but is suspected to be related to his decades of ingestion of magnesium, resulting in hypermagnesemia.
wikipedia
ca3e0f33eaf310062d7d62920e20d46d3651dd92
although many of his colleagues had fled europe
although many of his colleagues had fled europe during the rise of fascism, hansgirg was the only black mountain college community member with "enemy alien" status. he was known for letting the college community use his grand piano, his organ, his photographic equipment and his extensive collection of opera recordings....
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20df3b844a166d6f23aa583292d28d389fdf726c
at black mountain college, hansgirg combined teaching of
at black mountain college, hansgirg combined teaching of chemistry and physics with research and business activities. in 1943, an extension was added to the school's science building to make room for a photography darkroom and for hansgirg's experiments in extracting magnesium from olivine, a locally abundant mineral. ...
wikipedia
e08c3f43fc2f3239fac998b1bc81d8292f7f60b1
heller's letter was forwarded by eleanor roosevelt to
heller's letter was forwarded by eleanor roosevelt to fbi director j. edgar hoover, who in turn consulted with the director of the alien enemy control unit. this resulted in hansgirg being released under parole by theodore dreier, the treasurer of black mountain college, a progressive experimental educational community...
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3e01e1de5d61603bcbb93621e1c2a052479c8784
during hansgirg's wartime internment, u.s. attorney general francis
during hansgirg's wartime internment, u.s. attorney general francis biddle denied permission for his wife to visit him. heller appealed in a hand-written woman-to-woman letter to first lady eleanor roosevelt seeking leniency, explaining that her husband could not criticize adolf hitler because their son was still in th...
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2d29cacefef126062b518920a927ee41662401d5
however, getting the permanete plant working was dangerous
however, getting the permanete plant working was dangerous and fraught with problems. the technology for the hansgirg process was still as unreliable as it had been in radenthein, as it required handling magnesium dust which ignites explosively in air. pmc engineers built a pilot plant to improve the process. however, ...
wikipedia
fd80737eb96a0b9f5a4456ef0927ecf2ee30933b
in may 1940, hansgirg left japan for the
in may 1940, hansgirg left japan for the united states after the political mood became "hostile to foreigners". in the united states, hansgirg joined forces with american industrialist henry j. kaiser. before the war, the demand for aircraft engineering had increased the need for light magnesium alloys. kaiser had paid...
wikipedia
977a865d6cd5aa9d1a6458f34c26c0553fd99f8d
hansgirg also developed a cracking plant, to break
hansgirg also developed a cracking plant, to break down crude oil into its various component parts. before leaving austria, he had designed two applications of a method of producing heavy water using a water gas shift reaction. it is thought that hansgirg helped the japanese to produce heavy water in hungnam, and was s...
wikipedia
5f0001e5e85ac9c95eda71390ee512694f5bdaef
in 1934, hansgirg arrived in the empire of
in 1934, hansgirg arrived in the empire of japanm where he worked with industrialist shitagau noguchi to set up a magnesium plant at the chosen nitrogen fertilizer complex in what is now the northern korean city of hungnam. noguchi (through his company nichitsu) and winter (american magnesium metals corporation) establ...
wikipedia
4b50067a28802632180d71b14f058ae7efd10482
in 1928, hansgirg invented, and patented, a carbothermic
in 1928, hansgirg invented, and patented, a carbothermic magnesium reduction process while working in his radenthein laboratory. this was a less costly method of mass-producing magnesium of extremely high purity. after setting up a pilot plant in radenthein to produce magnesium, his senior partner, emil winter of the p...
wikipedia
85a477a1475552a5d0067e4553f823eda677df17
hansgirg was born in graz, austria in 1891
hansgirg was born in graz, austria in 1891 and received a phd degree in chemistry from the university of graz. he was married to josephine marie (née heller). heller's son from her first marriage, peter robert hofstätter, graduated from the university of vienna, and served as a military psychologist in the german army ...
wikipedia
e2174ddb0ac751409d86fa6f87b3edb3773264cd
fritz johann hansgirg (1891 – 1949) was an
fritz johann hansgirg (1891 – 1949) was an austrian electrochemist and metallurgist who in 1928 invented a carbothermic magnesium reduction process. in 1934, he left austria for the empire of japan where he worked with industrialist shitagau noguchi to set up a magnesium plant, and then helped build a pilot plant to pr...
wikipedia
042c84716130d667a6dcfcced7fba9566c62633b
in 2022, chouhan signed for croatian side dinamo
in 2022, chouhan signed for croatian side dinamo zagreb after doing well in the trials. she then helped the club winning the domestic league. she scored a hat-trick against croatian side znk agram, becoming the first indian professional player to score a hat-trick for a european club. previously, she played for indian ...
wikipedia
6f3c614cf172dc1b6ef4bbf3dd6a240afa4b6d87
dominik simon is a czech professional ice hockey
dominik simon is a czech professional ice hockey forward currently under contract with hc sparta praha of the czech extraliga (elh). he was selected by the pittsburgh penguins, 137th overall, in the 2015 nhl entry draft.
wikipedia
1d005df9638a9f21f271499bd6c9947011612360
simon made his czech republic national team senior
simon made his czech republic national team senior debut when he participated at the 2015 iihf world championship. he also represented the czech republic at the 2019 iihf world championship and the 2022 iihf world championship, where he won a bronze medal.
wikipedia
520c4be70fa8680a4f48e13d9364769120fd0771
at the conclusion of his contract with the
at the conclusion of his contract with the ducks, simon a free agent opted to return to czechia and signed a two-year contract with his original club, hc sparta praha of the elh, on 10 september 2022.
wikipedia
900e558c4953e82862dac72105226c58facfaf17
following his fifth season within the penguins organization
following his fifth season within the penguins organization in 2019–20, due to salary cap considerations, simon was not tendered a qualifying offer as a restricted free agent and was released to free agency on 5 october 2020. on 22 october 2020, simon agreed to join the calgary flames by signing a one-year, $700,000 co...
wikipedia
1444e1fec0f02d8b20835a989c1f01a08da49047
in october 2018, simon made the pittsburgh opening-night
in october 2018, simon made the pittsburgh opening-night roster for the 2018–19 nhl season. simon was injured on 4 december 2018, suffering a lower-body injury during a game against the colorado avalanche. he returned to the line-up on 20 december after missing eight games.
wikipedia
0791097e249cb5dadad121368f46b990b76d3179
simon was recalled again from the wilkes-barre/scranton penguins
simon was recalled again from the wilkes-barre/scranton penguins on 8 december 2017, as greg mckegg was reassigned. simon scored his first nhl goal on 14 january 2018 in a game against the new york rangers. simon was injured in a game against the philadelphia flyers on 7 march 2018. he returned to the lineup on 23 marc...
wikipedia
ec662d25434fa18ee3d88b670592bed0561f8f4c
simon was signed by the penguins to a
simon was signed by the penguins to a three-year, entry-level contract on 15 july 2015. he began the 2015–16 season playing for the penguins' american hockey league (ahl) affiliate, the wilkes-barre/scranton penguins. he made his nhl debut on 13 march 2016, where he earned his first nhl assist in a 5–3 win against the ...
wikipedia
492c2353d9fbde98709409ec502a4262b2cec29e
simon played in the 2007 quebec international pee-wee
simon played in the 2007 quebec international pee-wee hockey tournament with a youth team from chomutov. he made his czech extraliga debut for hc sparta praha during the 2012–13 season. he was selected by rimouski océanic in the 2013 chl import draft, however he did not report to rimouski, instead staying with sparta p...
wikipedia
0c7f6f34315949a2241df68b90876a449869bb78
dominik simon (born 8 august 1994) is a
dominik simon (born 8 august 1994) is a czech professional ice hockey forward currently under contract with hc sparta praha of the czech extraliga (elh). he was selected by the pittsburgh penguins, 137th overall, in the 2015 nhl entry draft.
wikipedia
15566c2b13c90c9fef3a9c7f877cbddaf12a36fa
on 11 march 2015, najaryan made his senior
on 11 march 2015, najaryan made his senior team debut in kazakhstan premier league against fc ordabasy at metallurg stadium, replacing vladislav vasiliev at the 83rd minute by coach vladimir cheburin. on 5 april 2015, najaryan scored his first senior team goal against fc tobol at 59th minute. the goal was the first goa...
wikipedia
bf5e21653d07b2f9cd0363c910634fc30d219f06
gevorg najaryan (armenian: Գևորգ Նաջարյան; born 6 january
gevorg najaryan (armenian: Գևորգ Նաջարյան; born 6 january 1998) is a kazakh footballer of armenian descent who plays as a central midfielder for atyrau.
wikipedia
29c410ea863fe2f6fd70fc557e81e95570d6fa36
rory walton is an australian rugby union footballer.
rory walton is an australian rugby union footballer. his regular playing position is lock. in 2010 walton joined the act brumbies as a part of their extended playing squad, staying until 2012. having previously played club rugby for northern suburbs in the shute shield, he was named in the western force playing squad f...
wikipedia
299d8ad8c4355373593228a6a290477598b561e0
rory walton (born 11 april 1989) is an
rory walton (born 11 april 1989) is an australian rugby union footballer. his regular playing position is lock. in 2010 walton joined the act brumbies as a part of their extended playing squad, staying until 2012. having previously played club rugby for northern suburbs in the shute shield, he was named in the western ...
wikipedia
0245ffcc98d6b3aa7115436db3b05ceb0715c935
multiangle light scattering (mals) describes a technique for
multiangle light scattering (mals) describes a technique for measuring the light scattered by a sample into a plurality of angles. it is used for determining both the absolute molar mass and the average size of molecules in solution, by detecting how they scatter light. a collimated beam from a laser source is most oft...
wikipedia
f0d8a931dedaa7c34782c3ae79c290ec318f2ee4
in addition to branching, the log-log plot of
in addition to branching, the log-log plot of size vs. molar mass indicates the shape or conformation of a macromolecule. an increase in the slope of the plot indicates a variation in conformation of a polymer from spherical to random coil to linear. combining the mean-square radius from mals with the hydrodynamic radi...
wikipedia
7cab98d5d605100a469802f56a82af4751ca738d
where r 2 {\displaystyle r^{2}} is the mean
where r 2 {\displaystyle r^{2}} is the mean square radius of branched and linear macromolecules with identical molar masses. by utilizing mals in conjunction with a concentration detector as described above, one create a log-log plot of the root-mean-square radius vs molar mass. the slope of this plot yields the branch...
wikipedia
52b88e0d80e28817abcd6b7adaffaeb700cd4bd4
as mals can provide molar mass and size
as mals can provide molar mass and size of molecules, it permits study into protein-protein binding, oligomerization and the kinetics of self-assembly, association and dissociation. by comparing the molar mass of a sample to its concentration, one can determine the binding affinity and stoichiometry of interacting mole...
wikipedia
334e8c5fc68cd143ae92089fb1ec1fd3bad29679
coupling mals with an in-line concentration detector following
coupling mals with an in-line concentration detector following a sample separation means like sec permits the calculation of the molar mass of the eluting sample in addition to its root-mean-square radius. the figure below represents a chromatographic separation of bsa aggregates. the 90° light scattering signal from a...
wikipedia
e3a7adb4661d083903ff57ebb689417fbd92d1dc
the angular dependence of light scattering data is
the angular dependence of light scattering data is shown below in a figure of mix of polystyrene spheres which was separated by sec. the two smallest samples (farthest to the right) eluted last and show no angular dependence. the sample, second to the right shows a linear angular variation with the intensity increasing...
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f3249ab7d3944b23d4dbae8810ec593ce683acf2
with the advent of size exclusion chromatography (sec),
with the advent of size exclusion chromatography (sec), mals measurements began to be used in conjunction with an on-line concentration detector to determine absolute molar mass and size of sample fractions eluting from the column, rather than depending on calibration techniques. these flow mode mals measurements have ...
wikipedia
175b26305aea64912ef900814009596b936d2291
when plotted one can extrapolate to both zero
when plotted one can extrapolate to both zero angle and zero concentration, and analysis of the plot will give the mean square radius of the sample molecules from the initial slope of the c=0 line and the molar mass of the molecule at the point where both concentration and angle equal zero. improvements to the zimm plo...
wikipedia
e7eaac9ebba326ed34b8c63d2a41b1d811c101ee
mals is most commonly used for the characterization
mals is most commonly used for the characterization of mass and size of molecules in solution. early implementations of mals such as those discussed by bruno h. zimm in his paper "apparatus and methods for measurement and interpretation of the angular variation of light scattering; preliminary results on polystyrene so...
wikipedia
c55c9544489f0a053237b7b06dd49a4592ed4b75
even for a simple homogeneous sphere of radius
even for a simple homogeneous sphere of radius a whose refractive index, n, is very nearly the same as the refractive index "n " of the suspending fluid, i.e. rayleigh–gans approximation, the scattering function in the scattering plane is the relatively complex quantity
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009e761a541813de68e631447770a1718201ae6e
where i(θ) is the scattering function of a
where i(θ) is the scattering function of a single particle, k = 2πn /λ, n is the refractive index of the suspending fluid, and λ is the vacuum wavelength of the incident light. the excess rayleigh ratio, r(θ), is then given by
wikipedia
20b03540d17159ea607f740ab28525f570cfb4aa
scattering data is usually represented in terms of
scattering data is usually represented in terms of the so-called excess rayleigh ratio defined as the rayleigh ratio of the solution or single particle event from which is subtracted the rayleigh ratio of the carrier fluid itself and other background contributions, if any. the rayleigh ratio measured at a detector lyin...
wikipedia
ff48a015edc4c5a434eb35305d00b2c5e19fa1fc
lorenz–mie theory is used to interpret the scattering
lorenz–mie theory is used to interpret the scattering of light by homogeneous spherical particles. the rayleigh–gans approximation and the lorenz–mie theory produce identical results for homogeneous spheres in the limit as | 1 − m | → 0.
wikipedia
729f87318cd5106fb59a7025312bf7e912a02a28
the rayleigh–gans approximation is a means of interpreting
the rayleigh–gans approximation is a means of interpreting mals measurements with the assumption that the scattering particles have a refractive index, n, very close to the refractive index of the surrounding medium, n. if we set m = n /n and assume that |m - 1| << 1, then such particles may be considered as composed o...
wikipedia
de26c7a500f7058f2bb245aee1d07084e7539b7e
rayleigh scattering is the simplest and describes elastic
rayleigh scattering is the simplest and describes elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by objects much smaller than the incident wavelength. this type of scattering is responsible for the blue color of the sky during the day and is inversely proportional to the fourth power of wavelength.
wikipedia
8cfb0f23e3fa643c639050db7b869e3315eb5094
the interpretation of scattering measurements made at the
the interpretation of scattering measurements made at the multiangular locations relies upon some knowledge of the a priori properties of the particles or molecules measured. the scattering characteristics of different classes of such scatterers may be interpreted best by application of an appropriate theory. for examp...
wikipedia
22c7ddb720684d6d518c5014682695b383ffdafb
the literature associated with measurements made by mals
the literature associated with measurements made by mals photometers is extensive. both in reference to batch measurements of particles/molecules and measurements following fractionation by chromatographic means such as size exclusion chromatography (sec), reversed phase chromatography (rpc), and field flow fractionati...
wikipedia
1cfb9e80c76375d6e93d65c4a3116368e49286ec
the commercialization of multiangle systems began in 1977
the commercialization of multiangle systems began in 1977 when science spectrum, inc. patented a flow-through capillary system for a customized bioassay system developed for the usfda. the first commercial mals instrument incorporating 8 discrete detectors was delivered to s.c. johnson and son, by wyatt technology comp...
wikipedia
0b514a1102853cb08311409c81c4530180953d40
the application of the litton detector by salzman
the application of the litton detector by salzman et al. provided measurement at 32 small scattering angles between 0° and 30°, and averaging over a broad range of azimuthal angles as the most important angles are the forward angles for static light scattering. by 1980, bartholi et al. had developed a new approach to m...
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2666328a0b139b652ac17ac106aaa38762cced3e
another type of mals device was developed in
another type of mals device was developed in 1974 by salzmann et al. based on a light pattern detector invented by george et al. for litton systems inc. in 1971. the litton detector was developed for sampling the light energy distribution in the rear focal-plane of a spherical lens for sampling geometric relationships ...
wikipedia
acb0dedf71b75f8f7a73a04b79cdc093cb27b72c
the traditional differential light scattering measurement was virtually
the traditional differential light scattering measurement was virtually identical to the currently used mals technique. although the mals technique generally collects multiplexed data sequentially from the outputs of a set of discrete detectors, the earlier differential light scattering measurement also collected data ...
wikipedia
37cd50a5fb19d0a5f4721f263e8071e1f0f89654
although most mals-based measurements are performed in a
although most mals-based measurements are performed in a plane containing a set of detectors usually equidistantly placed from a centrally located sample through which the illuminating beam passes, three-dimensional versions also have been developed wherein the detectors lie on the surface of a sphere with the sample c...
wikipedia
d9ced9aff8f5fba7134e5d1d5879656b41d3c51d
a mals measurement requires a set of ancillary
a mals measurement requires a set of ancillary elements. most important among them is a collimated or focused light beam (usually from a laser source producing a collimated beam of monochromatic light) that illuminates a region of the sample. in modern instruments, the beam is generally plane-polarized perpendicular to...
wikipedia
15a8f90923b179cd97f7dee1d68810f2fad7c6f7
measurements were generally expressed as scattered intensities or
measurements were generally expressed as scattered intensities or scattered irradiance. since the collection of data was made as the detector was placed at different locations on the arc, each position corresponding to a different scattering angle, the concept of placing a separate detector at each angular location of ...
wikipedia
c24168e1719c75bcda305a6346320a2fafab31bd
the measurement of scattered light from an illuminated
the measurement of scattered light from an illuminated sample forms the basis of the so-called classical light scattering measurement. historically, such measurements were made using a single detector rotated in an arc about the illuminated sample. the first commercial instrument (formally called a "scattered photomete...
wikipedia
7e5543bfe13e83993d9c7c370d6ef4d740c2e132
the "multi-angle" term refers to the detection of
the "multi-angle" term refers to the detection of scattered light at different discrete angles as measured, for example, by a single detector moved over a range that includes the particular angles selected or an array of detectors fixed at specific angular locations. a discussion of the physical phenomenon related to t...
wikipedia
d1137f100381f7072a6f3bd1dbaa86a4286d7665
until the advent of lasers and their associated
until the advent of lasers and their associated fine beams of narrow width, the width of conventional light beams used to make such measurements prevented data collection at smaller scattering angles. in recent years, since all commercial light scattering instrumentation use laser sources, this need to mention the ligh...
wikipedia
4af22199a2c0761eca2568f22362fb4d60a8dd71
multiangle light scattering (mals) describes a technique for
multiangle light scattering (mals) describes a technique for measuring the light scattered by a sample into a plurality of angles. it is used for determining both the absolute molar mass and the average size of molecules in solution, by detecting how they scatter light. a collimated beam from a laser source is most oft...
wikipedia
0cd1a96f063c1c8bb9913d8f40257bebffe856e4
mary anne white is a canadian materials scientist
mary anne white is a canadian materials scientist who is the harry shirreff (emerita) professor of chemical research at dalhousie university. her research considers novel solar thermal materials and their application in renewable energy devices. she is the author of a textbook titled physical properties of materials. s...
wikipedia
fc994d8f68089ccc99262a57ff5857c7e35809be
white began her academic career as an assistant
white began her academic career as an assistant professor at the university of waterloo. in 1983 joined dalhousie university, where she served as both professor of chemistry and physics and director of the institute for research in materials. white developed novel thermal energy storage materials, specialising in areas...
wikipedia
f67596682284c5fe4d838bedb172cf87d2c43a6a
white was born in london, ontario. as a
white was born in london, ontario. as a child, she was encouraged to complete science experiments. she attended the university of western ontario for undergraduate studies in chemistry. returning in 2011 to deliver the convocation address, white explained, “by the end of the first week at western, i knew that i had fou...
wikipedia
e5b272d55fb4290d3007b8d51485b1aac40164d0
mary anne white oc frsc (born december 28,
mary anne white oc frsc (born december 28, 1953) is a canadian materials scientist who is the harry shirreff (emerita) professor of chemical research at dalhousie university. her research considers novel solar thermal materials and their application in renewable energy devices. she is the author of a textbook titled ph...
wikipedia
61656a18fcaa074e3bb37d2b65e2706ca4b1c470
an expert on tropical medicines, christophers studied many
an expert on tropical medicines, christophers studied many diseases, particularly malaria. his work on the research of this disease won him the royal society's 1952 buchanan medal for "outstanding research" on the anopheles mosquito that transmitted malaria. in his career he also contributed to the taxonomy of other pa...
wikipedia
2bde35bd66534f98118a82fa9418e9bedeaf6b98
he had married elise emma sherman in london
he had married elise emma sherman in london in september 1902. she was the daughter of the owner of a coffee estate in india. their first child, elise iseult, was born in june 1903 in allahabad, india, and their son, samuel vagn, in december the following year in madras. lady christophers died in england in 1962.
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86443fa8fe832090f9d84fe80c04402b1c076441
christophers was also an honorary physician to king
christophers was also an honorary physician to king george v from 1927 to 1930. he was awarded cie in 1915, obe in 1918 and knighted in 1931. he retired from the indian medical service 27 november 1930 a brevet colonel. on his retirement in 1932–38, he joined the london school of hygiene & tropical medicine where he be...
wikipedia
26cc2cde0736af3f8a38f1722bcda200cfd9866c
on his return to england in 1902, he
on his return to england in 1902, he became a lieutenant in the indian medical service, moving back to india in 1904. in 1910 he was appointed the first director of the central malaria bureau, coordinating anti-malarial training and research throughout india. he spent world war i on anti-malaria duties in iraq and in 1...
wikipedia
f6a008cb116049dde800382564f5044e69db223a
in 1897, he took part in an amazonian
in 1897, he took part in an amazonian expedition and in 1898 went to italy as part of the malaria commission, followed by a trip to africa to study malaria. in 1901, the malaria commission moved to india.
wikipedia
92220b0203b7eea542dd12403918029f902ca293
christophers was born and raised in liverpool, the
christophers was born and raised in liverpool, the son of samuel hunt christophers and mary selina christophers née rickard and educated at the liverpool institute and university of liverpool, graduating mb in 1896.
wikipedia
587d0aecc70b08d219319bfd65e4178f80acabcb
brevet colonel sir samuel rickard christophers cie obe
brevet colonel sir samuel rickard christophers cie obe frs (27 november 1873 – 19 february 1978) was a british protozoologist and medical entomologist specialising in mosquitoes.
wikipedia
eac57966518c430baa09750251ac7b6565c8c208
hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture
hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture of hemp hurds (shives) and lime, sand, or pozzolans, which is used as a material for construction and insulation. it is marketed under names like hempcrete, canobiote, canosmose, isochanvre and isohemp. hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixe...
wikipedia
2538c04a9bec0f9a7f8cbb3f44278a7e91581d5d
hempcrete is a construction building material that uses
hempcrete is a construction building material that uses hemp shives, aggregate, water, and a type of binder to act as non-bearing walls, insulators, finishing plasters, and blocks. the material has low mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity, making it ideal for insulation material. hempcrete blocks have a l...
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hempcrete is a fairly new natural building material
hempcrete is a fairly new natural building material whose usage has increased throughout european countries in recent years and is gaining traction within the united states. the hemp building foundation submitted paperwork to the international residential codes (irc) in february 2022 to certify the material as a nation...
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the impacts arising from indirect land use changes
the impacts arising from indirect land use changes of hemp cultivation, maintenance work, and end-of-life need to be studied to create a full cradle-to-grave environmental impact profile of hempcrete blocks. to counteract the negative environmental impacts that hempcrete blocks have on the environment the transport dis...
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the main cause of the environmental footprint for
the main cause of the environmental footprint for hempcrete comes from the production of the binder. reports have estimated that 18.5% - 38.4% of initial emissions from binder production can be recovered through the carbonation process. the specific amount of carbonates in the blocks actually increases with the age of ...
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the binder production provides the largest environmental impact
the binder production provides the largest environmental impact while the transport phases are the second. during binder production in the lime calcination and clinker creation portion, the emissions are the most notable. a large amount of diesel consumption in the transport phases and during the manufacturing of hemp ...
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the lca of hempcrete blocks considers seven unit
the lca of hempcrete blocks considers seven unit processes: hemp shives and production, binder production, transport of raw materials to the manufacturing company, hempcrete blocks production processes, transport of hempcrete blocks to the construction site, wall construction, and the use phase. the impact assessment o...
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just like any crop, hemp absorbs co from
just like any crop, hemp absorbs co from the atmosphere while growing, so hempcrete is considered a carbon-storing material. a hempcrete block continually stores co during its entire life, from fabrication to end-of-life, creating positive environmental benefits. through a life cycle assessment (lca) of hempcrete block...
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hempcrete block walls can be laid without any
hempcrete block walls can be laid without any covering or can be covered with finishing plasters. this latter uses the same hempcrete mixture but in different proportions. since hempcrete contains a plant-based compound, walls need to be built with a joint in between the wall and ground to prevent capillary rising of w...
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although it is not known for its strength,
although it is not known for its strength, hempcrete provides a high vapor permeability that allows for better control of temperature in an indoor environment. it can also be used as a filling material in frame structures and be used to make prefabricated panels. altering the density of hempcrete mixtures also affects ...
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hempcrete materials are a product of a type
hempcrete materials are a product of a type of binder and hemp shives size and quality, and the proportions in the mixture can greatly affect its properties and performance. the most notable limiting factor with hempcrete is the low mechanical performance. due to low mechanical performance, the material should not be u...
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due to the large variety of hemp, the
due to the large variety of hemp, the porosity differs from one type to another, therefore its thermal insulating abilities vary too. the lower the density, the lower the heat transfer coefficient, a characteristic of insulating materials. on three cubic samples of hempcrete after 28 days of drying the heat transfer co...
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hemp concrete has a low thermal conductivity, ranging
hemp concrete has a low thermal conductivity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.6 w m k, a total porosity of 68–80% and a density of 200 kg /m to 960 kg/m. hemp concrete is also an aerated material with high water vapour permeability and its total porosity very close to open porosity allowing it to absorb significant amounts of w...
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hempcrete's r-value (its resistance to heat transfer) can
hempcrete's r-value (its resistance to heat transfer) can range from 0.67/cm (1.7/in) to 1.2/cm (3.0/in), making it an efficient insulating material (the higher the r-value, the better the insulation). the porosity of hempcrete falls within the range of 71.1% to 84.3% by volume. the average specific heat capacity of th...
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hempcrete's low density material and resistance to cracking
hempcrete's low density material and resistance to cracking under movement make it suitable for use in earthquake -prone areas. hempcrete walls must be used together with a frame of another material that supports the vertical load in building construction, as hempcrete's density is 15% that of traditional concrete. stu...
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the compressive strength is typically around 0.3 mpa.
the compressive strength is typically around 0.3 mpa. due to the lower compressive strength, hempcrete cannot be used for load-bearing elements in construction. density is affected by drying kinetics, with a larger specific area the drying time decreases. the size of the specimen and the hemp shives should be accounted...
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a study was conducted that focuses on the
a study was conducted that focuses on the variability and statistical significance of hempcrete properties by analyzing two sizes of hempcrete columns with hemp from two different distributors under a normal distribution. the coefficient of variance (cov) indicates the dispersion of experimental results and is importan...
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typically, hempcrete has a low mechanical performance. hempcrete
typically, hempcrete has a low mechanical performance. hempcrete is a fairly new material and is still being studied. several items affect the mechanical properties of hempcrete such as aggregate size, type of binder, proportions within the mixture, manufacturing method, molding method, and compaction energy. all studi...
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there are two primary construction techniques used right
there are two primary construction techniques used right now for implementing hempcrete. the first technique consists of using forms to cast or spray hempcrete directly in place on the construction site. the second technique consists of stacking prefabricated blocks that are delivered to the project site similar to mas...
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hempcrete has been used in france since the
hempcrete has been used in france since the early 1990s, and more recently in canada, to construct non-weight bearing insulating infill walls, as hempcrete does not have the requisite strength for constructing foundation and is instead supported by the frame. hempcrete was also used to renovate old buildings made of st...
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hempcrete is made of the inner woody core
hempcrete is made of the inner woody core of the hemp plant (hemp shives) mixed with a lime-based binder and water. the lime-based binder typically consists of either hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime. hydrated lime is made from pure limestone and sets through the absorption of co during the carbonation process. ...
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typically, hempcrete has good thermal and acoustic insulation
typically, hempcrete has good thermal and acoustic insulation capabilities, but low mechanical performance, specifically compressive strength. hempcrete's mechanical properties, when used in prefabricated blocks specifically, act as a carbon sink throughout its lifetime. the result is a lightweight insulating material,...
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hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture
hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture of hemp hurds (shives) and lime, sand, or pozzolans, which is used as a material for construction and insulation. it is marketed under names like hempcrete, canobiote, canosmose, isochanvre and isohemp. hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixe...
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karl peter andersson is a swedish professional ice
karl peter andersson is a swedish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently playing for lahti pelicans in the finnish liiga. at the 2009 nhl entry draft andersson was drafted by the vancouver canucks in the fifth round, 143rd overall.
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during the final year of his contract with
during the final year of his contract with the canucks, in the 2014–15 season while with american hockey league affiliate, the utica comets, andersson was announced to have signed a one-year contract to return to sweden with Örebro hk on 25 march 2015. andersson remained with the comets for the remainder of the campaig...
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karl peter andersson (born 13 april 1991) is
karl peter andersson (born 13 april 1991) is a swedish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently playing for lahti pelicans in the finnish liiga. at the 2009 nhl entry draft andersson was drafted by the vancouver canucks in the fifth round, 143rd overall.
wikipedia
3374074da409756fb34e6f4e385bb151c717ca38
hypericum origanifolium is a species of flowering plant
hypericum origanifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family hypericaceae. it is native to turkey, the caucasus, and northwestern syria. the species can be found in dry, often rocky, soil and on cliff slopes and ledges.
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several phytochemicals have been found in hypericum origanifolium;
several phytochemicals have been found in hypericum origanifolium; chlorogenic acid and rutin are the most common phenols found in the plant. additionally, the species has a similar hypericin and flavonoid content to hypericum perforatum, which indicates that it could serve as a substitute for the latter species.
wikipedia